PSA (Psalms)
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PSA.1
[PSA.1.1] Blessed the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, nor stand in the way of sinners, nor sit in the dwelling of the mockers. [§]
Ashrei ha-ish asher lo halach ba'etzat r'shaim uve'derech chata'im lo amad uve'moshav letzim lo yashav.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed', 'ha' means 'the', 'ish' means 'man', 'asher' means 'who', 'lo' means 'not', 'halach' means 'walked', 'ba'etzat' means 'in the counsel', 'r'shaim' means 'of the wicked', 'uve'derech' means 'and in the way', 'chata'im' means 'of sinners', 'lo' means 'not', 'amad' means 'stood', 'uve'moshav' means 'and in the dwelling place', 'letzim' means 'of the mockers', 'lo' means 'not', 'yashav' means 'sat'.
[PSA.1.2] For his delight is in the law of Yahveh, and in his law he will meditate day and night. [§]
ki im beTorat Yahveh cheftzo uveTorato yehege yom vaLayla
'ki' means 'for', 'im' means 'but' or 'if', 'beTorat' means 'in the law of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'cheftzo' means 'his delight' (literally 'his desire'), 'uveTorato' means 'and in his law', 'yehege' means 'he will meditate' (lit. 'he will speak/ponder'), 'yom' means 'day', 'vaLayla' means 'and night'.
[PSA.1.3] He will be like a tree planted by streams of water, whose fruit he gives in its season, and its leaf will not wither, and all that he does will prosper. [§]
Ve haya ke etz shatul al palgei mayim asher piro yiten beito v'alehu lo yivol v'kol asher ya'ase yatzliach.
'Ve' means 'and', 'haya' means 'will be', 'ke' means 'like', 'etz' means 'tree', 'shatul' means 'planted', 'al' means 'by', 'palgei' means 'streams of', 'mayim' means 'water', 'asher' means 'which', 'piro' means 'its fruit', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'beito' means 'in its season', 'v'alehu' means 'and its leaf', 'lo' means 'not', 'yivol' means 'will wither', 'v'kol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that', 'ya'ase' means 'he does', 'yatzliach' means 'will prosper'.
[PSA.1.4] Not so are the wicked, for they are like a crushing wind that you will drive away. [§]
Lo ken ha'rasha'im ki im kamotz asher tid'fenno ruach
'Lo' means 'not', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', 'ha'rasha'im' means 'the wicked' (plural), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'im' means 'if' or 'as', 'kamotz' means 'like a crushing/whirling wind' (a metaphor for a violent gust), 'asher' means 'that which', 'tid'fenno' means 'you will drive it away' (future second person masculine singular), 'ruach' means 'wind' (or 'spirit'). The phrase literally says that the wicked are not like this, but rather like a violent wind that you will cause to blow away.
[PSA.1.5] Therefore the wicked shall not stand in the judgment, nor the sinners in the congregation of the righteous. [§]
Al-ken lo yakumu reshaim ba mishpat ve chattaim ba adat tzaddikim.
'Al' means 'therefore', 'ken' means 'thus', together forming 'therefore'. 'Lo' means 'not'. 'Yakumu' means 'shall stand' (future masculine plural). 'Reshaim' means 'the wicked'. 'Ba' means 'in the', and 'mishpat' means 'judgment'. 'Ve' means 'and'. 'Chattaim' means 'the sinners'. 'Ba' again means 'in the', and 'adat' means 'assembly' or 'congregation'. 'Tzaddikim' means 'the righteous'.
[PSA.1.6] For Yahveh knows the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish. [§]
Ki yodea Yahveh derekh tzaddikim ve derekh reshaim toaved.
'Ki' means 'for', 'yodea' means 'knows', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'derekh' means 'way', 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous', 've' means 'and', 'reshaim' means 'the wicked', 'toaved' means 'will perish'.
PSA.2
[PSA.2.1] Why have the nations raged and the peoples plotted in vain? [§]
Lamah ragshu goyim ulemim yehgu rik.
'Lamah' means 'why', 'ragshu' means 'have raged' or 'are raging', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'u' means 'and', 'le'umim' means 'peoples', 'yehgu' (yeheg'u) means 'they plot' or 'they devise', 'rik' means 'in vain' or 'empty'.
[PSA.2.2] The kings of the earth will stand and the princes will be gathered together against Yahveh and against his Messiah. [§]
Yitatzvu malchei eretz ve'rozneem nosdu yachad al Yahveh ve'al Meshicho.
'Yitatzvu' means 'will stand', 'malchei eretz' means 'kings of the earth', 've'rozneem' means 'and the princes', 'nosdu yachad' means 'will be gathered together', 'al' means 'against' (or 'upon'), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've'al' means 'and against', 'Meshicho' means 'his Messiah' (the Anointed).
[PSA.2.3] We will cut off their yokes and cast away their sins. [§]
Nanattaka et moseroteimu ve-nashliha mimenu avoteimu.
'Nanattaka' means 'we will cut off', 'et' is a direct object marker (not rendered in English), 'moserot' means 'oppressions' or 'yokes', 'eimo' means 'their', 've' means 'and', 'nashliha' means 'we will cast away', 'mimenu' means 'from them', 'avoteimo' means 'their iniquities' or 'sins'.
[PSA.2.4] The One who dwells in the heavens laughs; my Lord will mock them. [§]
Yoshev ba-shamayim yischak Adonai yilag-lamo.
'Yoshev' means 'dwells', 'ba-shamayim' means 'in the heavens', 'yischak' means 'laughs', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'yilag' means 'will mock', '-lamo' means 'them'.
[PSA.2.5] Then he will speak to his Gods in his anger, and in his choice he will astonish them. [§]
az yedabber eleimo beapo uvacharono yevahalemo.
'az' means 'then', 'yedabber' means 'he will speak', 'eleimo' is 'el' (God) with a plural ending and the suffix '-mo' (his), therefore 'his Gods', 'beapo' means 'in his anger', 'uvacharono' means 'and in his choice/selection', 'yevahalemo' means 'he will astonish them' or 'he will make them stand in amazement'.
[PSA.2.6] I have set my king upon Zion, the holy mountain. [§]
va'ani nasakti malki al Tziyon har Qodshi.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'nasakti' means 'I have set' or 'I placed', 'malki' means 'my king', 'al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'Tziyon' is the proper name 'Zion', 'har' means 'mountain', 'Qodshi' means 'my holy' or 'the holy'.
[PSA.2.7] I will recount to the statute of Yahveh, said to me, "My son, you are— I today have begotten you." [§]
Asaprah el chok Yahveh amar elai beni atah ani hayom yelidticha.
'Asaprah' means 'I will recount' or 'I will tell'. 'el' here is a preposition meaning 'to' or 'according to'. 'chok' means 'statute' or 'law'. 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH. 'amar' means 'said'. 'elai' means 'to me'. 'beni' means 'my son' (literally 'my child'). 'atah' means 'you'. 'ani' means 'I'. 'hayom' means 'today'. 'yelidticha' means 'I have begotten you' or 'I have fathered you'. The divine name YHVH is translated as 'Yahveh' according to the given rule. No other divine titles appear in this verse.
[PSA.2.8] Ask from me, and I will give you the nations as your inheritance, and your possession at the ends of the earth. [§]
She'al mi-meni ve-etena goyim nachalatecha va-achuzatka afsei aretz.
'She'al' means 'ask', 'mi-meni' means 'from me', 've-etena' means 'and I will give', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'nachalatecha' means 'your inheritance', 'va-achuzatka' means 'and your possession', 'afsei' means 'ends of', 'aretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.2.9] You will crush them with an iron rod, like a pot, the Creator will shatter them. [§]
T'ro'em be-shevet barzel ki-k'li yotser te-nap'tzem.
'T'ro'em' means 'you will crush them', 'be-shevet' means 'with a rod (or staff)', 'barzel' means 'iron', 'ki-k'li' means 'like a pot' (from ki = like, k'li = vessel), 'yotser' means 'the Creator', 'te-nap'tzem' means 'will shatter them' (from the root napatz = to break, scatter).
[PSA.2.10] And now, O kings, be wise; the judges of the earth have been humbled. [§]
ve'atah melachim hashkilu hiwass'ru shofti aretz.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'melachim' means 'kings', 'hashkilu' means 'be wise' or 'use prudence', 'hiwass'ru' means 'they have been humbled' or 'they have been brought low', 'shoftei' means 'judges of', 'aretz' means 'the earth' or 'the land'.
[PSA.2.11] Serve Yahveh in fear, and rejoice in trembling. [§]
Ivdu et Yahveh be-yirah ve-gilu bi-r'ada.
'Ivdu' means 'serve' (imperative plural), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the name of God (YHVH), 'be-yirah' means 'in fear', 've' means 'and', 'gilu' means 'rejoice', 'bi-r'ada' means 'in trembling'.
[PSA.2.12] Kiss the son lest he become angry and be lost, for he will burn a little of his anger; blessed are all who trust in Yahveh. [§]
Nashku bar pen ye'aneif ve'tovdu derekh ki yiv'ar kim'at apo ashrei kol-chosei vo.
'Nashku' means 'kiss', 'bar' means 'son', 'pen' means 'lest', 'ye'aneif' means 'he become angry', 've'tovdu' means 'and they will be lost', 'derekh' means 'the way', 'ki' means 'for', 'yiv'ar' means 'he will burn', 'kim'at' means 'a little', 'apo' means 'his anger', 'ashrei' means 'blessed', 'kol' means 'all', 'chosei' means 'who trust', 'vo' means 'in him' referring to God.
PSA.3
[PSA.3.1] A psalm of David, when he fled before Absalom his son. [§]
Mizmor leDavid bevarcho mifnei Avshalom beno.
'Mizmor' means 'a psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'bevarcho' means 'when he fled', 'mifnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Avshalom' is a proper name meaning 'father of peace', 'beno' means 'his son'.
[PSA.3.2] Yahveh, how numerous are my foes, many are rising against me. [§]
Yahveh ma-ra'bu tzarai rabbim kamim alai.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'ma' means 'how' or 'how many'. 'ra'bu' (ra'bu) means 'numerous' or 'many'. 'tzarai' means 'my adversaries' or 'my foes'. 'rabbim' means 'many' (plural). 'kamim' means 'are rising' or 'are arising'. 'alai' means 'against me' or 'upon me'.
[PSA.3.3] Many are saying to my soul there is no salvation for him in the Gods, Selah. [§]
Rabbim omrim le-napshi ein yeshuata lo be-Elohim selah.
'Rabbim' means 'many', 'omrim' means 'are saying', 'le-napshi' means 'to my soul', 'ein' means 'there is not' or 'no', 'yeshuata' means 'salvation', 'lo' means 'for him', 'be-Elohim' means 'in the Gods' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods'), 'selah' is a musical or liturgical pause.
[PSA.3.4] And you, Yahveh, are my shield, my honor, and you lift up my head. [§]
ve'atta Yahveh magen ba'adi kevedi umerim roshi.
've'atta' means 'and you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'magen' means 'shield', 'ba'adi' means 'for me', 'kevedi' means 'my honor' (my glory), 'umerim' means 'lifts up', 'roshi' means 'my head'.
[PSA.3.5] My voice to Yahveh I call, and He answered me from His holy mountain. Selah. [§]
Koli el Yahveh ekra vayya'eni mehar kadosho selah.
'Koli' means 'my voice', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ekra' means 'I will call', 'vayya'eni' means 'and He answered me', 'mehar' means 'from the mountain', 'kadosho' means 'His holy', 'selah' is a liturgical musical term.
[PSA.3.6] I lay down and I slept, I have awakened because Yahveh trusts me. [§]
Ani shakavti va'ishana heqitzoti ki Yahveh yismacheni.
'Ani' means 'I', 'shakavti' means 'I lay down', 'va'ishana' means 'and I slept', 'heqitzoti' means 'I arose' or 'I awakened', 'ki' means 'because', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, and 'yismacheni' means 'He will trust me' (from the verb 's-m-ch' = to trust, with third‑person masculine singular prefix and first‑person singular object suffix).
[PSA.3.7] I will not fear the multitudes of people who have poured upon me. [§]
lo eira meribbot am asher saviv shatu alai.
'lo' means 'not', 'eira' means 'I will fear', 'meribbot' means 'multitudes' or 'many peoples', 'am' means 'people', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'saviv' means 'surrounded', 'shatu' means 'have poured' (or 'drank'), 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'on me'.
[PSA.3.8] Rise Yahveh, save me my God, for you have struck all my enemies, my flesh, the teeth of the wicked you have broken. [§]
Kumah Yahveh, hoshiena Elohai ki-hikita et kol oy'vai lechi shinei resha'im shivarta.
'Kumah' means 'Rise', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'hoshiena' means 'save me', 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'ki' means 'for', 'hikita' means 'you struck', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'oy'vai' means 'my enemies', 'lechi' means 'my flesh', 'shinei' means 'teeth', 'resha'im' means 'the wicked', 'shivarta' means 'you broke'.
[PSA.3.9] Yahveh is salvation over your people, your blessing, Selah. [§]
Lah YHVH ha-yeshua al ammekha birchatekha selah
'Lah' means 'to', 'YHVH' is the divine name rendered as Yahveh, 'ha-yeshua' means 'the salvation', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'ammekha' means 'your people', 'birchatekha' means 'your blessing', 'selah' is a liturgical term indicating a pause or emphasis.
PSA.4
[PSA.4.1] To the chief musician with stringed instruments, a psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatzeach bin'ginot mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'bin'ginot' means 'with stringed instruments', 'mizmor' means 'psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David'.
[PSA.4.2] When I call, answer me the Gods of my righteousness; in trouble you have broadened for me, be gracious to me and hear my prayer. [§]
Beqari aneni Elohei Tzidki baTzar hirchavta li chaneni ushma tefilati.
'Beqari' means 'when I call', 'aneni' means 'answer me', 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' so it is translated as 'the Gods', 'Tzidki' means 'of my righteousness', 'baTzar' means 'in trouble', 'hirchavta' means 'you have broadened', 'li' means 'for me', 'chaneni' means 'be gracious to me', 'ushma' means 'and hear', 'tefilati' means 'my prayer'.
[PSA.4.3] Sons of man, how long will my glory be shamed? You will love emptiness, you will seek falsehood, pause. [§]
B'nei ish ad-meh k'vodi likhlimah te'ehavun rik tevakhshu kazav sela.
'B'nei' means 'sons of', 'ish' means 'man', 'ad-meh' means 'how long', 'k'vodi' means 'my glory', 'likhlimah' means 'to be shamed' or 'to be disgraced', 'te'ehavun' means 'you will love', 'rik' means 'emptiness' or 'vain', 'tevakhshu' means 'you will seek', 'kazav' means 'falsehood', 'sela' is a liturgical term often rendered 'pause' or 'stop'.
[PSA.4.4] Know that Yahveh has turned away his faithful one; Yahveh will hear when I call to him. [§]
Udeu ki hiflah Yahveh chasid lo Yahveh yishma bekar'i elav.
'Udeu' means 'and know', 'ki' means 'that', 'hiflah' (root h-p-l) means 'has turned away', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'chasid' means 'faithful one', 'lo' means 'his', together 'chasid lo' means 'his faithful one', the second 'Yahveh' again is the divine name, 'yishma' means 'will hear', 'bekar'i' means 'when I call' (literally 'in my calling'), 'elav' means 'to him'.
[PSA.4.5] Be angry, and do not sin; say in your heart over your beds, and be silent, Selah. [§]
Rigzu ve'al-techeta'u imru bilbavkhem al mishkavkhem ve-domu sela.
'Rigzu' means 'Be angry', 've'al' means 'and not', 'techeta'u' means 'you sin', 'imru' means 'say', 'bilbavkhem' means 'in your heart', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'mishkavkhem' means 'your beds', 've-domu' means 'and be silent', 'sela' is a musical or liturgical term often left as 'Selah' indicating a pause.
[PSA.4.6] Offer the sacrifices of righteousness and trust in Yahveh. [§]
Zibchu zibchei tzedek u vitchu el Yahveh.
'Zibchu' means 'Offer' (plural imperative), 'zibchei' means 'sacrifices', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness', 'u' means 'and', 'vitchu' means 'trust' (plural imperative), 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God.
[PSA.4.7] Many are saying, 'Who will see us? Good has shone upon us, the light of your face, Yahveh.' [§]
Rabbim omrim mi-yareinu tov nesa alenu or panecha Yahveh.
'Rabbim' means 'many', 'omrim' means 'are saying', 'mi-yareinu' means 'who will see us' (mi = who, yareinu = will see us), 'tov' means 'good', 'nesa' (from nash) means 'has shone' or 'has beamed', 'alenu' means 'upon us', 'or' means 'light', 'panecha' means 'your face', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.4.8] You gave joy in my heart more than their grain and wine are abundant. [§]
Natata simchah b'libi me'et degannam ve'tirosham rabu.
'Natata' means 'You gave', 'simchah' means 'joy', 'b'libi' means 'in my heart', 'me'et' means 'more than', 'degannam' means 'their grain', 've'tirosham' means 'and their wine', 'rabu' means 'are abundant'.
[PSA.4.9] In peace together I will lie down and sleep because you Yahveh alone safely cause me to lie down. [§]
Beshalom yachdav eshkevah ve'ishan ki atah Yahveh levadad lavetach toshiveni.
'Beshalom' means 'in peace', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'eshkevah' means 'I will lie down', 've'ishan' means 'and I will sleep', 'ki' means 'because', 'atah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'levadad' means 'alone' or 'by yourself', 'lavetach' means 'securely' or 'in safety', 'toshiveni' means 'you cause me to lie down' or 'you make me rest'.
PSA.5
[PSA.5.1] To the chief musician, on the Neginoth, a psalm of David. [§]
lamnatsach el-hannechiloth mizmor l'david.
'lamnatsach' means 'to the chief musician', 'el-hannechiloth' is a musical term rendered in English as 'the Neginoth', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'l'david' means 'of David'.
[PSA.5.2] My words, listen, Yahveh, understand my perplexities. [§]
Amari ha'azina Yahveh bina hagigi.
'Amari' means 'my words' or 'my statements', 'ha'azina' is the imperative verb 'listen', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bina' means 'understand' (imperative), and 'hagigi' means 'my perplexities' or 'my puzzling thoughts'.
[PSA.5.3] Listen to the voice of my cry, my king and my Gods, for I will pray to you. [§]
Ha-kshi-vah le-kol sha-vi mal-kee ve-eh-lo-hai ki e-lei-cha et-pah-lal.
'Ha-kshi-vah' means 'listen', 'le-kol' means 'to the voice', 'sha-vi' means 'of my cry', 'mal-kee' means 'my king', 've-eh-lo-hai' means 'and my Gods' (the literal translation of the divine name Elohim with a first‑person possessive suffix), 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'e-lei-cha' means 'to you', and 'et-pah-lal' means 'I will pray'.
[PSA.5.4] Yahveh, in the morning you will hear my voice; in the morning I will set before you and I will watch. [§]
Yahveh boker tishma koli boker e'erach lecha va'atzapeh.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH; 'boker' means 'morning'; 'tishma' means 'you will hear' (addressed to God); 'koli' means 'my voice'; the second 'boker' repeats 'morning'; 'e'erach lecha' means 'I will set before you'; 'va'atzapeh' means 'and I will watch' or 'keep vigil'.
[PSA.5.5] For you are not a God who desires evil; you will not bring evil upon the wicked. [§]
Ki lo El chafetz rasha atah lo yigurcha ra.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'El' means 'God', 'chafetz' means 'desires' or 'takes pleasure in', 'rasha' means 'evil' or 'the wicked', 'atah' means 'you', the second 'lo' means 'not', 'yigurcha' (from the root 'guer') means 'to bring' or 'to cause', and 'ra' means 'evil' or 'harm'.
[PSA.5.6] Do not let the scoffers stand before your eyes; you have hated all the workers of iniquity. [§]
Lo yityatzevu hollim leneged eincha saneta kol po'alei aven.
'Lo' means 'not', 'yityatzevu' means 'they will stand', 'hollim' means 'the scoffers', 'leneged' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'eincha' means 'your eyes', 'saneta' means 'you have hated', 'kol' means 'all', 'po'alei' means 'workers' or 'doers of', 'aven' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity'.
[PSA.5.7] You will cause to perish those who speak lies, a man of blood and deceit; Yahveh detests them. [§]
Teaved dovrei kazav ish-damim u'mirma yiteav Yahveh.
'Teaved' means 'you will cause to perish', 'dovrei' means 'those who speak', 'kazav' means 'lies', 'ish-damim' means 'a man of blood', 'u'mirma' means 'and deceit', 'yiteav' means 'will be detested', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God.
[PSA.5.8] And I, in the abundance of your kindness, will come to your house; I will bow to your holy temple in your reverent awe. [§]
va'ani berov chasdecha avo beitecha eshtachave el heikhal kadshecha biratecha.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'berov' means 'in the abundance', 'chasdecha' means 'your kindness', 'avo' means 'I will come', 'beitecha' means 'to your house', 'eshtachave' means 'I will bow', 'el' means 'to', 'heikhal' means 'the temple', 'kadshecha' means 'your holy (one)', 'biratecha' means 'in your fear (reverence)'. No divine name such as El, Elohim, Adonai, YHVH, or Kyrios appears, so no special literal translation of a name is required.
[PSA.5.9] Yahveh, guide me in your righteousness for the sake of my rulers, hasten before me your ways. [§]
Yahveh necheni btsidkatecha lema'an shorrai havshar lefanai darchecha.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'necheni' means 'guide me' (imperative of to guide). 'btsidkatecha' means 'in your righteousness' (b- = in, tsidkath = righteousness, -ech(a) = your). 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of' or 'because of'. 'shorrai' means 'my rulers' (shorar = to rule, -ai = my). 'havshar' means 'make swift' or 'hasten'. 'lefanai' means 'before me' (le- = before, fanai = me). 'darchecha' means 'your ways' (darch = way, -ech(a) = your).
[PSA.5.10] Because there is no uprightness in his mouth, his approach is like an open grave; they will eagerly take from their tongues. [§]
Ki ein b'fihoo nekhonah kirbam havot kever-patuach geronam le'shonam yachlikun.
'Ki' means 'because', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'b'fihoo' means 'in his mouth', 'nekhonah' means 'right' or 'upright', 'kirbam' is a difficult word likely meaning 'their closeness' or 'their approach', 'havot' is uncertain but rendered as a plural form possibly 'the graves' or 'the depths', 'kever-patuach' means 'an open grave', 'geronam' likely means 'their grain' or 'their portion', 'le'shonam' means 'to their tongue', 'yachlikun' means 'they will lick' or 'they will lick up'. The verse uses a poetic image of speech that is corrupt and likened to an open grave that people eagerly 'lick' or take in.
[PSA.5.11] Let the Gods blame them, they will fall from their counsels in the great multitude of their sins, drive them away, for they have rebelled against you. [§]
hashimeim Elohim yiplu mimmo'otzotehem berov pisheiem hadichemo ki maru bakh.
'hashimeim' means 'the ones to be blamed', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yiplu' means 'they will fall', 'mimmootzotehem' means 'from their counsels', 'berov' means 'in the great multitude', 'pisheiem' means 'their sins', 'hadichemo' means 'drive them away', 'ki' means 'for', 'maru' means 'they have rebelled', 'bakh' means 'against you'.
[PSA.5.12] And let all who trust in you rejoice forever; we shall sing, and you will cover them, and those who love your name will be exalted in you. [§]
ve-yismchu kol-chosei bakha leolam yeranneu ve-tasekh alhem ve-yaltsu becha ohavei shmecha.
've-yismchu' means 'and they will rejoice', 'kol-chosei' means 'all those who trust', 'bakha' means 'in you', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'yeranneu' means 'we will sing' or 'they will be joyful', 've-tasekh' means 'and you will cover', 'alhem' means 'over them', 've-yaltsu' means 'and they will be exalted', 'becha' means 'in you', 'ohavei' means 'lovers of', 'shmecha' means 'your name'.
[PSA.5.13] For you, Yahveh, bless the righteous; as a crown of delight you will set it upon him. [§]
ki atah t'varekh tzaddik Yahveh ka-tzinah ratzon ta'aternun.
'ki' means 'for', 'atah' means 'you', 't'varekh' means 'you bless', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous one', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ka-tzinah' means 'as a crown', 'ratzon' means 'of delight', 'ta'aternun' means 'you will set it upon him'.
PSA.6
[PSA.6.1] For the chief musician, with stringed instruments on the eighth, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lam'natzeach bin'ginot al-hashminit mizmor leDavid.
'Lam'natzeach' means 'to the chief musician' (literally 'for the director of music'), 'bin'ginot' means 'with stringed instruments', 'al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'hashminit' means 'the eighth' (referring to a musical mode or style), 'mizmor' means 'a psalm' or 'song', and 'leDavid' means 'of David' (a psalm attributed to David).
[PSA.6.2] Yahveh do not rebuke me with your anger and do not bind me with your jealousy. [§]
Yahveh al-be'aphkha tokhicheni ve'al ba'hamatkha teyassereni.
'Yahveh' means the personal name of God. 'al' means 'do not'. 'be'aphkha' means 'with your anger' (be = with, aphkha = your wrath). 'tokhicheni' means 'rebuke me' (to chide). 've'al' means 'and do not'. 'ba'hamatkha' means 'with your jealousy' (ba = with, hamatkha = your jealousy or zeal). 'teyassereni' means 'bind me' or 'hold me captive'.
[PSA.6.3] Be gracious to me, Yahveh, because I am humbled; heal me, Yahveh, because my bones are shaken. [§]
Chaneni Yahveh ki ummalal ani refaeni Yahveh ki nivhalu atzamai.
'Chaneni' means 'be gracious to me', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'ummalal' means 'I am humbled', 'ani' means 'I', 'refaeni' means 'heal me', the second 'Yahveh' repeats the name of God, the second 'ki' again means 'because', 'nivhalu' means 'they are shaken/trembling', and 'atzamai' means 'my bones'.
[PSA.6.4] And my soul is greatly troubled, and you Yahveh, until when? [§]
ve-napshi nivhehala me'od ve-atta Yahveh ad-matay
've' means 'and', 'napshi' means 'my soul', 'nivhehala' means 'is greatly troubled', 'me'od' means 'very' or 'greatly', 've' means 'and' again, 'atta' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ad' means 'until', 'matay' means 'when' or 'how long'.
[PSA.6.5] Return, Yahveh, and give a portion to my soul; save me for the sake of your loving‑kindness. [§]
Shuvah Yahveh chal'tzah nafshi ho'shi'eni lema'an chasdecha.
"Shuvah" means "return" or "restore" (imperative). "Yahveh" is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. "chal'tzah" means "divide" or "give a portion" (imperative). "nafshi" means "my soul" (literally "my self" or "my life"). "ho'shi'eni" means "save me" (imperative + first‑person object). "lema'an" means "for the sake of" or "because of". "chasdecha" means "your loving‑kindness" (the covenant love of Yahveh).
[PSA.6.6] Because there is no remembrance of you in death; in Sheol who will acknowledge you. [§]
Ki ein ba-mavet zikrecha bi-sha'ol mi yodeh-lach.
'Ki' means 'because', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'ba-mavet' means 'in death', 'zikrecha' means 'your memory' (with the suffix -cha indicating 'your'), 'bi-sha'ol' means 'in Sheol' (the realm of the dead), 'mi' means 'who', 'yodeh' means 'will acknowledge' or 'will give thanks', and 'lach' means 'to you'.
[PSA.6.7] I have become weary in my sighing; I will laugh through all night, my bed, in my tears, my palace I will be exhausted. [§]
yagati beancheti ashche bechol laylah mittati bedimati arshi amse.
'yagati' means 'I have become weary', 'beancheti' means 'in my sighing', 'ashche' means 'I will laugh', 'bechol' means 'through all', 'laylah' means 'night', 'mittati' means 'my bed', 'bedimati' means 'in my tears', 'arshi' means 'my palace' (or 'my chariot'), 'amse' means 'I will be exhausted'.
[PSA.6.8] It has been made by anger, my eye tightened among all my oppressors. [§]
as'shesha mkas eini atqa b'khol tzorei.
'as'shesha' means 'has become' or 'has been made'; 'mkas' means 'from anger' or 'by anger'; 'eini' means 'my eye' (singular, often figuratively 'my sight' or 'my perspective'); 'atqa' means 'tightened' or 'gripped'; 'b'khol' means 'in all' or 'among all'; 'tzorei' means 'my oppressors' or 'my strong ones' (literally 'my strong [people]')
[PSA.6.9] Turn away from me, all workers of iniquity, because Yahveh heard the voice of my weeping. [§]
Suru mimeni kol poalei aven ki shama Yahveh qol biki.
'Suru' means 'turn away', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'kol' means 'all', 'poalei' means 'workers', 'aven' means 'iniquity', 'ki' means 'because', 'shama' means 'heard', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'qol' means 'voice', 'biki' means 'of my weeping'.
[PSA.6.10] Hear Yahveh my petition; Yahveh my prayer will be received. [§]
Shama Yahveh techinati Yahveh tefilati yikach.
'Shama' means 'hear', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'techinati' means 'my petition', the second 'Yahveh' repeats the divine name, 'tefilati' means 'my prayer', and 'yikach' means 'will take' or 'will receive'.
[PSA.6.11] Let them be ashamed and be greatly confounded, all my enemies; let them turn back, let them be ashamed of disaster. [§]
Yeboshu ve-yibahalu meod kol-oyvai yashuvu yeboshu raga.
'Yeboshu' means 'let them be ashamed', 've-' means 'and', 'yibahalu' means 'let them be confounded', 'meod' means 'greatly', 'kol' means 'all', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'yashuvu' means 'let them return' or 'let them turn back', 'yeboshu' repeats 'let them be ashamed', 'raga' means 'disaster' or 'evil'.
PSA.7
[PSA.7.1] Song of David, who sang to Yahveh about the words of Kush, son of my right hand. [§]
shigayon leDavid asher-shar laYahveh al-dibrei Kush ben-yemini.
'shigayon' means 'song' or 'chant', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (or 'to David'), 'asher' means 'that' or 'who', 'shar' means 'sang', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'al' means 'concerning' or 'about', 'dibrei' means 'the words of', 'Kush' is a proper name (a person or place), 'ben' means 'son', 'yemini' means 'my right hand' (so 'ben-yemini' = 'son of my right hand').
[PSA.7.2] Yahveh my God, in you I have taken refuge, save me from all my pursuers and deliver me. [§]
Yahveh Elohai becha chasiti hoshieini mikol rodefai vehatzileni.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH. 'Elohai' means 'my God' (Elohim plus the first‑person singular suffix). 'becha' means 'in you' or 'with you'. 'chasiti' means 'I have taken refuge'. 'hoshieini' means 'save me'. 'mikol' means 'from all'. 'rodefai' means 'my pursuers' (rodef = pursuer, -ai = my). 'vehatzileni' means 'and deliver me' (ve = and, hatzile = deliver, -ni = me).
[PSA.7.3] Lest it tear my soul like a lion, rending it, and there is no savior. [§]
Pen-yitrof ke-aryeh nafshi porek ve-ein matsil.
'Pen' means 'lest' or 'that may', 'yitrof' means 'it will tear', 'ke-aryeh' means 'like a lion', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'porek' means 'rending' or 'shredding', 've-ein' means 'and there is no', 'matsil' means 'savior' or 'rescuer'.
[PSA.7.4] Yahveh my God, if I have done this, if there is injustice in my hands. [§]
Yahveh Elohai im-asiti zot im-yesh avel bekhappai.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, the divine name. 'Elohai' means 'my God', the singular form of Elohim with a first‑person possessive suffix. 'im' means 'if'. 'asiti' is the verb 'I have done'. 'zot' means 'this'. The second 'im' again means 'if'. 'yesh' means 'there is' or 'exists'. 'avel' denotes 'injustice', 'wickedness', or 'wrongdoing'. 'bekappai' is the prepositional phrase 'in my hands', literally 'in the palms of my hands'.
[PSA.7.5] If I have become guilty, my guilt is evil, and I will make my adversary empty. [§]
im-gam'lti sholm'i ra va'achaltzah tzorri reiqam.
'im' means 'if'; 'gam'lti' means 'I have become guilty' (from the verb g-m-l, to be liable or at fault); 'sholm'i' means 'my guilt' (possessive form of sholm, guilt or debt); 'ra' means 'evil' or 'wicked'; 'va'achaltzah' means 'and I will make empty' (from the verb a-ch-l-tz, to empty or deprive); 'tzorri' means 'my adversary' (from tz-r-r, to oppose or contend with); 'reiqam' means 'empty' or 'void'.
[PSA.7.6] He will pursue an enemy of my soul, and will obtain, and will trample upon the earth my life, and my honor will dwell in dust, Selah. [§]
Yiradof oyev nafshi ve-yaseg ve-yirmos la'aretz chayai u-kevodi le'afar yashken selah.
'Yiradof' means 'he will pursue'; 'oyev' means 'enemy'; 'nafshi' means 'my soul'; 've-yaseg' means 'and will obtain/attain'; 've-yirmos' means 'and will trample'; 'la'aretz' means 'upon the earth'; 'chayai' means 'my life'; 'u-kevodi' means 'and my honor'; 'le'afar' means 'to dust'; 'yashken' means 'will dwell'; 'selah' is a musical or liturgical pause.
[PSA.7.7] Rise, Yahveh, in your anger; I will be lifted over my transgressions and my oppressors, and awaken to me the judgment you have commanded. [§]
Kumah Yahveh be'apecha hinasse be'avorot tzorerai ve'ura elai mishpat tzivita.
'Kumah' means 'rise' (imperative). 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'be'apecha' means 'in your anger' (apech = anger, -cha = your). 'hinasse' is a first‑person verb meaning 'I will be lifted' or 'I shall rise'. 'be'avorot' means 'in my transgressions' (avara = transgression, plural). 'tzorerai' means 'my oppressors' (tzorer = oppressor). 've'ura' means 'and awaken' or 'and stir up'. 'elai' means 'to me' (el = to, -ai = me). 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'justice'. 'tzivita' means 'you have commanded' or 'you have ordered' (from the verb tzav, to command).
[PSA.7.8] And the assembly of nations will surround you, and upon it return to the heights. [§]
va'adat le'umim tesoveveka ve'aleha lamarron shuvah.
'va'adat' means 'and the assembly', 'le'umim' means 'of the nations', 'tesoveveka' means 'will surround you', 've'aleha' means 'and upon it', 'lamarron' means 'to the heights', 'shuvah' means 'return' or 'again' (imperative).
[PSA.7.9] Yahveh judges peoples; judge me Yahveh according to my righteousness and according to my integrity upon me. [§]
Yahveh yadin amim shafteyni Yahveh ketsidki uktumi alai.
'Yahveh' means the divine name YHWH; 'yadin' means 'will judge'; 'amim' means 'peoples' or 'nations'; 'shafteyni' means 'judge me'; the second 'Yahveh' repeats the divine name; 'ketsidki' means 'according to my righteousness'; 'uktumi' means 'and according to my integrity' (tumm = completeness, innocence); 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'against me'.
[PSA.7.10] Please, may He punish the evil of the wicked, correct the righteous, examine hearts, and inspect the works of the righteous the Gods. [§]
Yigmar na ra r'shaim utechonen tzedik ubochen libbot ukhelayot Elohim tzedik.
'Yigmar' means 'may He punish', 'na' means 'please', 'ra' means 'evil', 'r'shaim' means 'of the wicked', 'utechonen' means 'and (He) corrects', 'tzedik' means 'the righteous', 'ubochen' means 'and (He) examines', 'libbot' means 'hearts', 'ukhelayot' means 'and works', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', the second 'tzedik' means 'righteous'. The verb forms are in the third‑person masculine singular, referring to the divine judge implied in the context.
[PSA.7.11] My shield is upon the Gods, savior of the upright-hearted. [§]
Mah-gee-nee al-eh-LOH-heim mo-SEE-ah yish-RAY-lev.
'Mah-gee-nee' means 'my shield', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'eh-LOH-heim' is the plural name 'Elohim' which is rendered as 'the Gods', 'mo-SEE-ah' means 'savior', and 'yish-RAY-lev' means 'upright of heart' or 'the upright-hearted'.
[PSA.7.12] The Gods judge the righteous, and God is angry every day. [§]
Elohim shofet tzaddik ve'el zo'em bechol yom.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'shofet' means 'judges', 'tzaddik' means 'the righteous', 've' means 'and', 'el' means 'God', 'zo'em' means 'who is angry', 'bechol' means 'in all' or 'every', 'yom' means 'day'.
[PSA.7.13] If his sword does not return, he will discard his bow, go straight ahead and prepare it. [§]
im lo yashuv charvo yiltosh kashto darach vayikonneha.
"im" means "if", "lo" means "not", "yashuv" means "will return", "charvo" means "his sword", "yiltosh" means "will discard" or "will cast aside", "kashto" means "his bow", "darach" means "go straight" or "walk straight ahead", "vayikonneha" means "and (he) prepared it" or "and (he) set it up".
[PSA.7.14] And for him He prepared the tools of death, its halves for the dividers shall be put into action. [§]
ve lo hekin klei-mavet chitsav le-dolkim yif'al.
've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'for him' (together 've lo' = 'and for him'), 'hekin' means 'prepared', 'klei-mavet' means 'tools of death', 'chitsav' means 'its halves', 'le-dolkim' means 'for the dividers' (those who split), 'yif'al' means 'will be performed' or 'shall act'.
[PSA.7.15] Behold, it will bind iniquity, and bear heavy labor, and will give birth to falsehood. [§]
Hinneh yichabel avon veharah amal veyalad shakar.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'yichabel' means 'will bind' or 'will bring together', 'avon' means 'iniquity', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'harah' means 'will bear' or 'will be heavy', 'amal' means 'labor' or 'toil', 'veyalad' means 'and will give birth', 'shakar' means 'falsehood' or 'lie'.
[PSA.7.16] A pit is cut and he dug it, and it fell into the ruin. [§]
bor kara vayachpereihu vayyippol beshachat yif'al.
'bor' means 'pit', 'kara' means 'cut' or 'dug out', 'vayachpereihu' means 'and he dug it', 'vayyippol' means 'and it fell', 'beshachat' means 'into the ruin' or 'in the crushing', 'yif'al' is a verb form meaning 'it will be acted upon' or 'it will be destroyed'.
[PSA.7.17] His labor will return to his head, and his cruelty will descend upon his honor. [§]
Yashuv amalo barosho ve'al kadkado chamaso yered.
'Yashuv' means 'will return', 'amalo' means 'his labor', 'barosho' means 'upon his head', 've'al' means 'and upon', 'kadkado' means 'his honor' (from the root kadak meaning 'honor'), 'chamaso' means 'his cruelty' (from chamas meaning 'violence, cruelty'), 'yered' means 'will go down' or 'will descend'.
[PSA.7.18] I will thank Yahveh because of his righteousness, and I will sing the name of Yahveh the Most High. [§]
Oddeh Yahveh ketsidko ve'azammerah shem-Yahveh Elyon.
'Oddeh' means 'I will thank', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ketsidko' means 'because of his righteousness', 've'azammerah' means 'and I will sing', 'shem-Yahveh' means 'the name of Yahveh', 'Elyon' means 'the Most High' (a title of Yahveh).
PSA.8
[PSA.8.1] For the chief musician, upon the Gittith; a psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatzeach al hagittit mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician' or 'for the choir leader', 'al' means 'upon' or 'concerning', 'hagittit' is the name of a specific tune or instrument (the Gittith), 'mizmor' means 'a song' or 'psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (attributed to King David).
[PSA.8.2] Yahveh my Lord, how great is your name throughout the earth, which you have set your glory upon the heavens. [§]
Yahveh adoneinu mah adir shimkha bekhol haaretz asher tenah hodkha al hashamaim.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'adoneinu' means 'my Lord' (Adonai with first‑person suffix). 'mah' means 'how' or 'what'. 'adir' means 'great' or 'mighty'. 'shimkha' means 'your name'. 'bekhol' means 'in all' or 'throughout'. 'haaretz' means 'the earth'. 'asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'tenah' means 'you have set' (from the verb meaning to place or appoint). 'hodkha' means 'your glory' (from 'hod' = glory, splendor). 'al' means 'upon' or 'over'. 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens'.
[PSA.8.3] From the mouth of infants and those who are nursing you will establish strength for the sake of your adversaries to destroy the enemy and take vengeance. [§]
mipi ollemim veyonkim yisadta oz lema'an tzorercha lehashbith oyev u-mitnakem.
'mipi' means 'from the mouth of', 'ollemim' means 'infants' or 'young children', 'veyonkim' means 'and those who are nursing/being weaned', 'yisadta' means 'you will establish' (referring to God), 'oz' means 'strength', 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'tzorercha' means 'your adversaries' or 'your foes', 'lehashbith' means 'to destroy', 'oyev' means 'enemy', and 'u-mitnakem' means 'and to avenge' or 'to take vengeance'. The phrase uses a poetic idiom where even the mouths of infants are sources of God's proclaimed strength against foes.
[PSA.8.4] For I see your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars which you have set. [§]
ki-ereh shamaikha ma'asei etzb'oteikha yareach ve'kokhavim asher konanta.
'ki' means 'for', 'ereh' means 'I see', 'shamaikha' means 'your heavens', 'ma'asei' means 'the work of', 'etzb'oteikha' means 'your fingers', 'yareach' means 'the moon', 've'kokhavim' means 'and the stars', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'konanta' means 'you have set'.
[PSA.8.5] What is a human being, that you would remember him, and a son of man, that you would attend to him. [§]
Mah enosh ki tizkerenu uven-adam ki tipkedenoo.
'Mah' means 'what', 'enosh' means 'human' or 'person', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'tizkerenu' means 'you will remember him' (from the verb zakar 'to remember'), 'uven-adam' means 'son of man' (ben = son, adam = man/human), 'ti-pkedenoo' means 'you will attend to him' or 'you will keep watch over him' (from the verb pakad 'to attend, watch').
[PSA.8.6] And He has withheld from him a little from the Gods, and glory and splendor He will adorn him. [§]
vaw-teh-khas-reh-hoo meh-AT meh-eh-LOH-heem veh-ka-VOHD veh-ha-DAR teh-aht-REH-hoo.
'vaw' is the conjunctive "and"; 'teh-khas-reh' comes from the verb "to withhold" in the third person masculine singular; 'hoo' means "him"; 'meh-AT' means "a little"; 'meh-eh-LOH-heem' is "from the Gods" (Elohim translated literally as "the Gods"); 'veh-ka-VOHD' is "and glory"; 'veh-ha-DAR' is "and splendor" (or "beauty"); 'teh-aht-REH' is the verb "to adorn" in the third person masculine singular; 'hoo' again means "him".
[PSA.8.7] Yahveh will cause him to submit by the works of his hands, all that he has placed under his feet. [§]
tamshilehu be-ma'asei yadecha kol shatah tachat raglav.
'tamshilehu' means 'you will cause him to submit', 'be-ma'asei' means 'by the works of', 'yadecha' means 'your hands' (referring to the deity), 'kol' means 'all' or 'everything', 'shatah' means 'you have placed' or 'you have made', 'tachat' means 'under', and 'raglav' means 'his feet'. The implied subject 'you' refers to YHVH, which is rendered as Yahveh.
[PSA.8.8] He spreads (the heavens) and thousands, all of them, and also the beasts of the field. [§]
Tzoneh ve'alafim kulam ve'gam bahemot sadai.
'Tzoneh' means 'He spreads' (from the root meaning to stretch out), 've'alafim' means 'and thousands', 'kulam' means 'all of them', 've'gam' means 'and also', 'bahemot' means 'among the beasts' (literally 'in the beasts'), 'sadai' means 'of the field'. The phrase does not contain any of the specific divine names that require special translation.
[PSA.8.9] A bird of the heavens and fish of the sea passes the ways of the seas. [§]
Tzippor shamayim u-dgei ha-yam over ar'khot yamim.
'Tzippor' means 'bird', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'dgei' means 'fish of', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 'over' means 'passes' or 'goes through', 'ar'khot' means 'paths' or 'ways', 'yamim' means 'seas' or 'waters'.
[PSA.8.10] Yahveh our Lord, how great is your name throughout the earth. [§]
Yahveh Adonenu mah adir shimcha bechal haaretz.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'Adonenu' means 'our Lord', derived from Adonai which is rendered as 'my Lord'. 'mah' means 'how' or 'what'. 'adir' means 'great' or 'mighty'. 'shimcha' means 'your name' (with the masculine singular possessive suffix). 'bechal' means 'in all' or 'throughout'. 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
PSA.9
[PSA.9.1] To the chief musician, upon death, to the son, a psalm of David. [§]
La-menatzeach almut la-ven mizmor le-David.
'La-menatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'Almut' means 'upon death', 'La-ven' means 'to the son', 'Mizmor' means 'song' or 'psalm', 'Le-David' means 'of David'.
[PSA.9.2] I will thank Yahveh with all my heart, I will recount all your wonders. [§]
odeh Yahveh bechol-levi asaprah kol-niflaoteka.
'odeh' means 'I will give thanks', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'bechol-levi' means 'with all my heart', 'asaprah' means 'I will recount' or 'I will tell', 'kol-niflaoteka' means 'all your wonders' or 'all your marvelous works'.
[PSA.9.3] I will rejoice and be glad in you, I will sing your name God Most High. [§]
Eshmachah ve'ela'tzah bakh azammerah shimkha Elyon.
'Eshmachah' means 'I will rejoice', 've'ela'tzah' means 'and I will be glad', 'bakh' means 'in you', 'azammerah' means 'I will sing', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'Elyon' is a compound divine title containing 'El' (God) and means 'God Most High' or 'the Most High God'.
[PSA.9.4] When my enemies return again, they will be confounded and be destroyed before Yahveh. [§]
beshuw-oyvai achor yikhashelu veyoavdu mipanecha.
'beshuw' means 'when [they] return', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'achor' means 'again', 'yikhashelu' means 'they will be confounded', 'veyoavdu' means 'and they will be destroyed', 'mipanecha' means 'before you' (referring to Yahveh).
[PSA.9.5] For you have made my judgment and my law; you have sat on the throne, judge of righteousness. [§]
Ki asita mishpati ve-dini yashavta lekhise shofet tzedek.
'Ki' means 'for', 'asita' means 'you have made', 'mishpati' means 'my judgment', 've-dini' means 'and my law', 'yashavta' means 'you have sat', 'lekhise' means 'on the throne', 'shofet' means 'judge', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness'.
[PSA.9.6] You have burned the nations, you have destroyed the wicked, you have erased their name forever and ever. [§]
Gaarta goyim ibbadta rasha shemam machita leolam vaed.
'Gaarta' means 'you have burned', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'ibbadta' means 'you have destroyed', 'rasha' means 'the wicked', 'shemam' means 'their name', 'machita' means 'you have erased', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'vaed' means 'and ever'.
[PSA.9.7] The enemy will be silent; desolations forever, and you have abandoned the cities, they are perished, their memory is gone. [§]
Haoyev tammu choravot lanetzach vearim natashte avad zikram hemmah.
'Haoyev' means 'the enemy', 'tammu' means 'they will be silent', 'choravot' means 'desolations', 'lanetzach' means 'forever', 'vearim' means 'and cities', 'natashte' means 'you have abandoned', 'avad' means 'are perished', 'zikram' means 'their memory', 'hemmah' means 'they'.
[PSA.9.8] And Yahveh forever sits, establishing his throne for judgment. [§]
V Yahveh le'olam yeshav konen lamishpat kiso.
'V' means 'and', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God (YHVH), 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'for eternity', 'yeshav' means 'will sit' or 'sits', 'konen' means 'establishes' or 'makes firm', 'lamishpat' means 'for judgment', 'kiso' means 'his throne'.
[PSA.9.9] And He will judge the world in righteousness; He will judge the peoples with fairness. [§]
vehu yishpot tevel be-tzedek yada'in le-ummim be-mesharim.
'vehu' means 'and he' (referring to God); 'yishpot' means 'will judge'; 'tevel' means 'the world'; 'be-tzedek' means 'in righteousness'; 'yada'in' means 'will judge'; 'le-ummim' means 'the peoples' or 'the nations'; 'be-mesharim' means 'with fairness' or 'with uprightness'.
[PSA.9.10] And let Yahveh be a refuge for you, a refuge in times of trouble. [§]
Viyhee Yahveh mishgav ladach mishgav le'ittot ba tzara.
'Viyhee' means 'and let there be', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mishgav' means 'stronghold' or 'refuge', 'ladach' means 'for you', the second 'mishgav' repeats the same meaning, 'le'ittot' means 'in times', and 'ba tzara' means 'of trouble' or 'in distress'.
[PSA.9.11] And those who know your name will trust in you, for you have not abandoned those who seek you, Yahveh. [§]
ve-yivtechu becha yodei shemecha ki lo-azavt dorshecha Yahveh.
've-yivtechu' means 'and they will trust', 'becha' means 'in you', 'yodei' means 'those who know', 'shemecha' means 'your name', 'ki' means 'for', 'lo-azavt' means 'you have not abandoned', 'dorshecha' means 'those who seek you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.9.12] Sing to Yahveh who dwells in Zion; proclaim among the peoples his wonders. [§]
Zammeru laYahveh yoshev Tzion ha-gidu ba'amim alilotav.
'Zammeru' means 'Sing', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'yoshev' means 'who dwells', 'Tzion' means 'Zion', 'ha-gidu' means 'declare or proclaim', 'ba'amim' means 'among the peoples', 'alilotav' means 'his wonders'.
[PSA.9.13] For he who seeks their blood, a man, does not forget the cry of the poor. [§]
Ki doresh damim otam zakhar lo shakach tsaakat anayim.
'Ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'doresh' means 'who seeks' or 'who pursues', 'damim' means 'blood', 'otam' means 'them', 'zakhar' means 'a man' (literally 'male'), 'lo' means 'not', 'shakach' means 'forget', 'tsaakat' means 'cry' or 'shout', 'anayim' means 'the poor' (people in need).
[PSA.9.14] Be gracious to me, Yahveh; see my distress from my enemies, from my oppressors, from the gateways of death. [§]
Chaneneni Yahveh, re'eh aniy mi'sonei meromemi misharei mavet.
'Chaneneni' means 'Be gracious to me' (imperative of chanun), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 're'eh' means 'see' or 'look', 'aniy' (or 'ani') means 'my suffering' or 'my distress', 'mi'sonei' means 'from my enemies', 'meromemi' means 'from my oppressors' (root romam meaning 'high' or 'exalted' used poetically for powerful foes), 'misharei' means 'from the gateways' (plural of sha'ar), and 'mavet' means 'death'.
[PSA.9.15] In order that I may recount all your praise at the gates of the daughter of Zion, I will rejoice in your salvation. [§]
Le-ma-an asap'ra kol-te-hi-la-te-cha be-sha-rei bat tzi-yon a-gi-la bi-shu-a-te-cha.
'Le-ma-an' means 'for the purpose of' or 'in order that', 'asap'ra' means 'I will count' or 'I will relate', 'kol' means 'all', 'te-hi-la-te-cha' means 'your praise', 'be-sha-rei' means 'at the gates of', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'tzi-yon' means 'Zion', 'a-gi-la' means 'I will rejoice', 'bi-shu-a-te-cha' means 'in your salvation'.
[PSA.9.16] The nations have become corrupt by deceit; they have acted wickedly. In their mire they are filthy, and their feet have been snared. [§]
tavu goiym beshachat asu bereshes-zu tamanu nilkeda raglam.
'tavu' means 'they have become corrupt', 'goiym' means 'nations', 'beshachat' means 'by deceit', 'asu' means 'they have done', 'bereshes-zu' means 'in their mire or base', 'tamanu' means 'they are filthy', 'nilkeda' means 'they have been caught or snared', 'raglam' means 'their feet'.
[PSA.9.17] Let it be known, Yahveh, the judgment He performed; by the work of his hand He will punish the wicked and they will be cut off. Selah. [§]
No-da Yahveh mish-pat a-sa be-fo-al ka-PAIV no-KEsh ra-SHA hi-ga-YON se-LAH.
'No-da' means 'let be known' (imperative), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mish-pat' means 'judgment', 'a-sa' means 'he made' or 'he performed', 'be-fo-al' means 'by the work/action', 'ka-PAIV' means 'of his hand', 'no-KEsh' means 'he will punish', 'ra-SHA' means 'the wicked', 'hi-ga-YON' derives from the root G‑Y‑N meaning 'to cut off, to bring to ruin' and here is taken as 'they will be cut off', 'se-LAH' is the musical/structural term Selah.
[PSA.9.18] The wicked will return to Sheol, all nations who forget the Gods. [§]
Yashuvu resha'im lish'olah kol goyim shechei Elohim.
'Yashuvu' means 'they will return', 'resha'im' means 'the wicked', 'lish'olah' means 'to Sheol (the grave)', 'kol' means 'all', 'goyim' means 'nations' or 'peoples', 'shechei' means 'who forget', and 'Elohim' is rendered as 'the Gods' according to the literal translation rule.
[PSA.9.19] For the poor will not be forgotten forever; the hope of the afflicted will be lost forever. [§]
Ki lo lanetsach yishakach evyon tikvat anavim tovadd la'ad.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'lanetsach' means 'forever', 'yishakach' means 'will forget', 'evyon' means 'the poor', 'tikvat' means 'the hope of', 'anavim' means 'the afflicted', 'tovadd' means 'will be lost', 'la'ad' means 'forever'.
[PSA.9.20] Arise Yahveh; do not let man prevail, let the nations be judged before Your face. [§]
Qumah Yahveh Al-ya'oz Enosh Yishaphtu Goyim Al-panecha.
'Qumah' means 'Arise' (imperative). 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'Al-ya'oz' means 'do not let... help' or 'do not allow'. 'Enosh' means 'man' or 'people'. 'Yishaphtu' means 'they will judge' or 'let be judged'. 'Goyim' means 'nations'. 'Al-panecha' means 'before your face' (i.e., in your presence). The verse is a plea for God to arise and intervene so that humanity does not prevail and the nations are judged before Him.
[PSA.9.21] Yahveh has set bitterness for them; the nations shall know, they are men, Selah. [§]
shita Yahveh morah lahem yedu goiim enosh hemmah selah.
'shita' means 'has placed' or 'has set'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH; 'morah' means 'bitterness' (often understood as 'bitter thing' or 'myrrh'); 'lahem' means 'for them'; 'yedu' means 'they will know' or 'they shall know'; 'goiim' means 'nations' or 'peoples'; 'enosh' means 'man' or 'human'; 'hemmah' means 'they are' or 'they themselves'; 'selah' is a liturgical term indicating a pause or musical interlude.
PSA.10
[PSA.10.1] Why, Yahveh, do you stand far off, you raise (yourself) for times of trouble. [§]
Lamah Yahveh ta'amod b'rahoq ta'alim le'ittot batzarah.
'Lamah' means 'why', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ta'amod' means 'you stand' (masculine singular future of the verb 'to stand'), 'b'rahoq' means 'in (a) distance' or 'far off', 'ta'alim' means 'you lift up' or 'you raise', 'le'ittot' means 'for times', and 'batzarah' means 'in trouble' or 'in distress'.
[PSA.10.2] In the pride of the wicked the poor will be set ablaze; they will be caught in their schemes; they thought. [§]
Be-ga'avot rasha yidlak ani yitafsu bimzimot zu chasvu.
'Be' means 'in', 'ga'avot' means 'pride' (plural construct), 'rasha' means 'wicked', together 'in the pride of the wicked'. 'Yidlak' is a verb meaning 'will kindle' or 'will be kindled'. 'Ani' means 'poor'. 'Yitafsu' is a reflexive verb meaning 'they will be seized' or 'they will be caught'. 'Bimzimot' means 'in schemes' or 'in plots'. 'Zu' means 'these'. 'Chasvu' is the verb 'they thought' or 'they considered'.
[PSA.10.3] Because the wicked one boasts of the desire of his own soul and scoffs at blessing, Yahveh is despised. [§]
ki hillel rashah al taavah nafsho uvotze berakh niaetz Yahveh.
'ki' means 'because', 'hillel' means 'to praise' or 'to boast', 'rashah' means 'wicked', 'al' means 'against' or 'upon', 'taavah' means 'desire', 'nafsho' means 'his soul' (his own desire), 'uvotze' means 'and scoffs' or 'derides', 'berakh' means 'blessing', 'niaetz' means 'is despised' or 'is scorned', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.10.4] The wicked, as his nose is lofty, does not inquire; there is no the Gods, all his plots. [§]
Rasha ke-govah apo bal-yidrosh ein Elohim kol-mezimmotav.
'Rasha' means 'wicked', 'ke-govah' means 'like a height' or idiomatically 'as lofty', 'apo' means 'his nose' (figuratively 'pride'), 'bal-yidrosh' means 'does not inquire', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'kol-mezimmotav' means 'all his plots' or 'all his schemes'.
[PSA.10.5] They shall go his ways at all times; the height of your judgments in his presence; all his companions shall flourish in them. [§]
yachilu deracho bechol et marom mishpatecha minegdo kol tzorerav yafich bahem.
'yachilu' means 'they will go' or 'they shall go', 'deracho' means 'his ways', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'et' means 'time' (together 'bechol et' = 'at all times'), 'marom' means 'height' or 'exalted place', 'mishpatecha' means 'your judgments' (addressed to God), 'minegdo' means 'in his presence', 'kol' means 'all', 'tzorerav' means 'his companions' or 'those who are with him', 'yafich' means 'he will cause to blossom' or 'he will make flourish', 'bahem' means 'in them'.
[PSA.10.6] He said in his heart, 'Do not be shaken for generation after generation, that is not evil.' [§]
Amar belev bal-emmot le-dor va-dor asher lo-bera.
'Amar' means 'he said', 'belev' means 'in his heart', 'bal' is the negative imperative 'do not', 'emmot' is from the root meaning 'to be shaken' so 'bal-emmot' means 'do not be shaken', 'le-dor' means 'to a generation', 'va-dor' adds 'and another generation' indicating perpetuity, 'asher' means 'that which' or 'who', 'lo' means 'not', and 'bera' (from 'ra') means 'evil' or 'bad', so together 'asher lo-bera' means 'that is not evil'.
[PSA.10.7] God, his mouth is full of lies and deceit; beneath his tongue is toil and iniquity. [§]
Alah pihu male umirmot vatech tachat leshono amal vaaven.
'Alah' means 'God'; 'pihu' means 'his mouth'; 'male' means 'full'; 'umirmot' means 'and lies'; 'vatech' means 'and deceit'; 'tachat' means 'under' or 'beneath'; 'leshono' means 'his tongue'; 'amal' means 'toil' or 'trouble'; 'vaaven' means 'and iniquity'.
[PSA.10.8] He will sit in the west courtyards, in the hidden places; he will kill the pure one, and his eyes will watch as he goes forth. [§]
Yesev be ma'arav chatzerim ba-mistarim yaharg neki einav lechelkha yitzponu.
'Yesev' means 'he will sit', 'be' means 'in', 'ma'arav' means 'the west', 'chatzerim' means 'courtyards', 'ba-mistarim' means 'in the hidden places', 'yaharg' means 'he will kill', 'neki' means 'the pure one', 'einav' means 'his eyes', 'lechelkha' means 'as he goes forth' or 'for his walking', 'yitzponu' means 'they will watch (us)'. No divine name appears in this verse, so the standard name translations are not used.
[PSA.10.9] He will wander in the hidden like a lion in a net; he will wander to snatch the poor; he will snatch the poor in his snare in his prey. [§]
ye'rov bamistar ke'aryeh besukho ye'rov lachatoof ani yachtof ani bemascho berishto.
'ye'rov' means 'he will wander', 'bamistar' means 'in the hidden', 'ke'aryeh' means 'like a lion', 'besukho' means 'in a net', 'lachatoof' means 'to seize' or 'to snatch', 'ani' means 'the poor', 'yachtof' means 'he will snatch', 'bemascho' means 'in his snare', 'berishto' means 'in his prey'.
[PSA.10.10] And he crushes, he laughs, and he falls in his strength, the appointed ones. [§]
Vidkeh yashoch ve nafal baatzumav chelkaim.
'Vidkeh' means 'and he crushes', from the root d-k-h meaning 'to crush'; 'yashoch' means 'he laughs' or 'he rejoices', from the root sh-ch meaning 'to laugh, rejoice'; 've' means 'and'; 'nafal' means 'he falls', from the root n-f-l meaning 'to fall'; 'baatzumav' means 'in his strength', ba = 'in' and 'atzum' meaning 'strength' with the possessive suffix 'av' (his); 'chelkaim' means 'the appointed ones' or 'the shares', from the root chalak meaning 'portion, share', in the plural form.
[PSA.10.11] He said in his heart, he forgot God, hid his face, and did not see [him] forever. [§]
Amar belevó shachach El histir panav bal‑ra'ah lanetzach.
'Amar' means 'he said', 'belevó' means 'in his heart', 'shachach' means 'forgot', 'El' means 'God', 'histir' means 'hid' or 'concealed', 'panav' means 'his face', 'bal‑ra'ah' means 'did not see', 'lanetzach' means 'forever'.
[PSA.10.12] Arise, Yahveh God, lift up your hand; do not forget the poor. [§]
Quma Yahveh El nesa yadekha al-tishkakh anayim.
'Quma' means 'Arise', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'El' means 'God', 'nesa' means 'lift', 'yadekha' means 'your hand', 'al-tishkakh' means 'do not forget', 'anayim' means 'the poor'.
[PSA.10.13] Why is the wicked despised by the Gods? He said in his heart, 'You will not seek.' [§]
Almah ni'etz rasha Elohim amar be'libo lo tidrosh.
'Almah' means 'why' or 'for what', 'ni'etz' is a passive verb meaning 'is despised' or 'is scorned', 'rasha' means 'wicked', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'amar' means 'said', 'be'libo' means 'in his heart', 'lo' means 'not', and 'tidrosh' means 'you will seek' or 'you will search'.
[PSA.10.14] You saw because you, toil and anger, you look to give in your hand upon you will abandon your portion; orphan you were a helper. [§]
Ra'ita ki attah amal vachas tavit latet beyadekha alaykha ya'azov chelekha yatom attah hayita ozer.
'Ra\'ita' means 'you saw', 'ki' means 'because', 'attah' means 'you', 'amal' means 'toil' or 'labor', 'vachas' means 'and anger', 'tavit' means 'you look', 'latet' means 'to give', 'beyadekha' means 'in your hand', 'alaykha' means 'upon you', 'ya\'azov' means 'will abandon' or 'will leave', 'chelekha' means 'your portion', 'yatom' means 'orphan', 'hayita' means 'you were', 'ozer' means 'a helper'.
[PSA.10.15] Shatter the arm of the wicked and evil; you will seek his wickedness, but you will not find it. [§]
Shevor zeroa rasha v'ra tidrosh risho bal timtza.
'Shevor' means 'break' or 'shatter', 'zeroa' means 'arm', 'rasha' means 'wicked', 'v'ra' means 'and evil', 'tidrosh' means 'you will seek', 'risho' means 'his wickedness' or 'the wicked one', 'bal' means 'not', 'timtza' means 'you will find'.
[PSA.10.16] Yahveh the everlasting King, and ever, the nations have perished from his land. [§]
Yahveh melech olam va'ed avdu goyim me'artzo.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the divine name. 'melech' means 'king'. 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'forever'. 'va'ed' means 'and ever' or 'and evermore'. 'avdu' means 'have perished' or 'are lost'. 'goyim' means 'nations'. 'me'artzo' means 'from his land'.
[PSA.10.17] You have heard the desire of the meek, Yahveh; you will ready their heart and attend to your ear. [§]
Taavat anavim shamat Yahveh tachin libam takshiv ozenkha.
'Taavat' means 'desire', 'anavim' means 'the meek', 'shamat' means 'you have heard', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'tachin' means 'you will prepare', 'libam' means 'their heart', 'takshiv' means 'you will listen', 'ozenkha' means 'your ear'.
[PSA.10.18] to judge the orphan and not add any more to the grinding of man from the earth. [§]
lishpot yatom vadach bal yosif od la'arotz enosh min haaretz.
'lishpot' means 'to judge', 'yatom' means 'orphan', 'vadach' means 'and he will crush', 'bal' is a negative particle meaning 'not', 'yosif' means 'will add', 'od' means 'more' or 'again', 'la'arotz' means 'to grind' or 'to crush', 'enosh' means 'man', 'min haaretz' means 'from the earth'.
PSA.11
[PSA.11.1] For the chief musician, a Psalm of David. In Yahveh I have taken refuge; how will you say to my soul, wander your hills, bird. [§]
lamnatzeach leDavid baYahveh chasiti eich tomru lenafshi nudi harkem tsipor.
'lamnatzeach' means 'for the chief musician', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'chasiti' means 'I have taken refuge', 'eich' means 'how', 'tomru' means 'you will say', 'lenafshi' means 'to my soul', 'nudi' is uncertain but likely from a root meaning 'to wander' or 'to flee', 'harkem' is uncertain, possibly 'your hills' (ha = the, rk = your, em = plural), 'tsipor' means 'bird'.
[PSA.11.2] For, behold, the wicked will wield a bow, they fix its two halves upon the surplus, to cause fear in the darkness, to those whose hearts are upright. [§]
Ki hineh hareshaim yidrekhun keshet konnu chitzam al yeter lirot bemo ofel le-yishrei-lev.
'Ki' means 'for', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'hareshaim' means 'the wicked', 'yidrekhun' means 'they will drive' or 'they will wield', 'keshet' means 'bow', 'konnu' means 'they set' or 'they fix', 'chitzam' means 'its halves' or 'its two parts', 'al' means 'upon', 'yeter' means 'excess' or 'surplus', 'lirot' means 'to fear' or 'to be frightened', 'bemo' means 'in its' (referring to darkness), 'ofel' means 'darkness', 'le-yishrei-lev' means 'to the upright of heart' (those whose hearts are straight).
[PSA.11.3] Because the drunkards will ruin the righteous, what is the deed? [§]
Ki ha shatot yeharesun tzaddik mah paal.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because'. 'Ha' is the definite article 'the'. 'Shatot' means 'drunkards' (those who are intoxicated). 'Yeharesun' is the verb form meaning 'they will ruin' or 'they will destroy'. 'Tzaddik' means 'righteous one' or 'righteous person'. 'Mah' means 'what' and 'paal' means 'deed' or 'action'. The verse therefore asks a rhetorical question about the effect of the drunkards on the righteous.
[PSA.11.4] Yahveh in his holy house, Yahveh in the heavens his throne; his eyes will see, his dust will judge the sons of man. [§]
Yahveh be-heichal kadosho Yahveh ba-shamayim kisso einav yechezu afapav yivchanu b'nei adam.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'be-heichal' means 'in the temple/house'. 'kadosho' means 'his holy (house)'. The second 'Yahveh' repeats the name of God. 'ba-shamayim' means 'in the heavens'. 'kisso' means 'his throne'. 'einav' means 'his eyes'. 'yechezu' means 'will see'. 'afapav' means 'his dust' (the dust of the earth). 'yivchanu' means 'will judge'. 'b'nei' means 'sons of' and 'adam' means 'man' or 'human'.
[PSA.11.5] Yahveh, the righteous, will test the wicked and loves violence, hating his own soul. [§]
Yahveh tzaddik yivchan ve-rasha ve-ohev chamas sanah nafsho.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'tzaddik' means 'righteous'. 'yivchan' means 'will test' or 'will examine'. 've-' is the conjunction 'and'. 'rasha' means 'wicked' or 'evil one'. 've-ohev' means 'and loves'. 'chamas' means 'violence' or 'bloodshed'. 'sanah' means 'hates'. 'nafsho' means 'his soul' or 'his own self'.
[PSA.11.6] He will rain flames, fire, embers, and a whirling wind upon the wicked, like a cup. [§]
yamter al-re'sha'im pachim esh ve'gafrit ve'ruach zil'afat menat kosam.
'yamter' means 'he will rain' (verb root rain), 'al' means 'upon', 're'sha'im' means 'the wicked', 'pachim' means 'flames', 'esh' means 'fire', 've'gafrit' means 'and embers', 've'ruach' means 'and wind', 'zil'afat' means 'of scattering' or 'whirling', 'menat' means 'like' or 'as', 'kosam' means 'a cup'. The subject is understood to be God (Yahveh), though the divine name is not explicitly written in the verse.
[PSA.11.7] For Yahveh is righteous, He loves righteousness; the upright will see his face. [§]
kee tsaddik yahveh tze-dakot ah-ehv yah-shar yeh-hezoo pah-ney-moh.
'kee' means 'for', 'tsaddik' means 'righteous', 'yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'tze-dakot' means 'righteousness', 'ah-ehv' means 'loves', 'yah-shar' means 'upright', 'yeh-hezoo' means 'they will see', 'pah-ney-moh' means 'his face'.
PSA.12
[PSA.12.1] To the chief musician, upon the eighth, a psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatzeach al-hashminit mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'al' means 'upon' or 'concerning', 'hashminit' means 'the eighth' (referring to a musical term or tune), 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', and 'leDavid' means 'of David' (as author).
[PSA.12.2] Save, Yahveh, for the faithful one has been struck; for the faithful have perished among the children of man. [§]
Hoshi'a Yahveh ki gamar chasid ki pasu emunim mibnei adam.
'Hoshi'a' means 'save' (imperative), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'gamar' means 'has been struck' or 'has been broken', 'chasid' means 'the faithful' or 'the upright', 'pasu' means 'have broken' or 'have perished', 'emunim' means 'the faithful' (plural), 'mibnei' means 'among the sons of' (literally 'from the sons'), 'adam' means 'human' or 'man'.
[PSA.12.3] Foolishness they speak; a man his friend language of divisions in heart and heart they speak. [§]
shav yedabru ish et-reehu sfat chalakot b'lev v'lev yedabru.
'shav' means 'vanity' or 'foolishness', 'yedabru' means 'they speak' (third person plural), 'ish' means 'a man', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'reehu' (actually 're'ehu') means 'his friend', 'sfat' means 'tongue' or 'language', 'chalakot' means 'of divisions' or 'of sections', 'b'lev' means 'in heart', 'v'lev' means 'and heart', and the final 'yedabru' repeats 'they speak'.
[PSA.12.4] Yahveh will cut off all the lips of divisions, a tongue that speaks great things. [§]
Yachret Yahveh kol-siftei chalakot lashon medaberet gedolot.
'Yachret' means 'will cut off', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'kol' means 'all', 'siftei' means 'lips of', 'chalakot' means 'divisions' or 'parts', 'lashon' means 'tongue', 'medaberet' means 'speaking' or 'that speaks', 'gedolot' means 'great things' or 'greatness'.
[PSA.12.5] That they said, 'We will strengthen our tongue and our lips with us; who is the Lord for us?' [§]
asher amru lilshonenu nagbir s'fatenu itanu mi adon lanu.
'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'amru' means 'they said', 'lilshonenu' means 'to our tongue', 'nagbir' means 'we will strengthen' or 'we will make strong', 's'fatenu' means 'our lips', 'itanu' means 'with us' or 'among us', 'mi' means 'who', 'adon' means 'Lord' (master), 'lanu' means 'for us' or 'to us'.
[PSA.12.6] The oppression of the afflicted, from the distress of the poor, now I will rise, says Yahveh, I will set in salvation that which is pleasing for him. [§]
Mishod aniyim me'ankat evyonim atah aqom yo'amar Yahveh ashith beyesha yafiah lo.
'Mishod' means 'oppression' or 'hardship', 'aniyim' means 'the afflicted' or 'those who are suffering', 'me'ankat' means 'from the distress of', 'evyonim' means 'the poor' or 'the oppressed', 'atah' means 'now', 'aqom' means 'I will rise' or 'I will stand', 'yo'amar' means 'will say', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'ashith' means 'I will set' or 'I will place', 'beyesha' means 'in salvation' or 'in deliverance', 'yafiah' means 'it will be pleasing' or 'it will flourish', 'lo' means 'for him' or 'to him'.
[PSA.12.7] The words of Yahveh, pure sayings, refined silver, for the earth, purified, seven times. [§]
Imarot Yahveh amarot tehorot kesef tzaruf ba'alil laaretz mezukkak shiv'atayim.
'Imarot' means 'words' or 'sayings'. 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH. 'Amarot' also means 'utterances' or 'sayings'. 'Tehorot' means 'pure' (feminine plural). 'Kesef' means 'silver'. 'Tzaruf' means 'refined' or 'purified'. 'Ba'alil' is a difficult construct that can be understood as 'in/for the earth' (literally 'in the earth'). 'Laaretz' means 'to the earth' or 'for the earth'. 'Mezukkak' means 'purified' or 'refined'. 'Shiv'atayim' means 'seven times'.
[PSA.12.8] You, Yahveh, will keep them, you will guard them from this generation forever. [§]
Attah-Yahveh tishmereh tizzrannu min-hador zeh leolam.
'Attah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'tishmereh' means 'you will keep them', 'tizzrannu' means 'you will guard them', 'min' means 'from', 'hador' means 'the generation', 'zeh' means 'this', 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'for all time'.
[PSA.12.9] Around the wicked they shall walk, like a lofty shade for the sons of man. [§]
saviv resha'im yithalkun kerum zulut livnei adam.
'saviv' means 'around' or 'surrounding', 'resha'im' means 'the wicked', 'yithalkun' means 'they will walk' or 'they shall go', 'kerum' means 'exalted' or 'lofty', 'zulut' means 'shade' or 'shadow', 'livnei' means 'of the sons' (construct form of 'sons'), 'adam' means 'man' or 'humankind'.
PSA.13
[PSA.13.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatshech mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatshech' means 'to the chief musician', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (belonging to David).
[PSA.13.2] How long, Yahveh, will you forget me forever? How long will you hide your face from me. [§]
ad-ana Yahveh tishkachen i netzach ad-ana tastir et panecha mimeni.
'ad-ana' means 'how long' or 'until when', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'tishkachen' means 'you will forget', 'i' is the object pronoun 'me', 'netzach' means 'forever' or 'everlasting', the second 'ad-ana' repeats the question 'how long', 'tastir' means 'you will hide', 'et' is a grammatical particle that marks the direct object, 'panecha' means 'your face', 'mimeni' means 'from me'.
[PSA.13.3] Until when shall I set plans in my soul, sighing in my heart all day? Until when will my enemy be lifted up against me. [§]
ad-ana ashith etzot be-naphshi yagon bilvavi yom ad-ana yerum oivi alai.
'ad' means 'until', 'ana' means 'when' (together 'until when'), 'ashith' means 'I will place' or 'set', 'etzot' means 'counsels' or 'plans', 'be-naphshi' means 'in my soul', 'yagon' means 'will sigh' or 'be distressed', 'bilvavi' means 'in my heart', 'yom' means 'day' (here as an adverb 'daily'), the second 'ad-ana' repeats 'until when', 'yerum' means 'will be lifted' or 'exalted', 'oivi' means 'my enemy', and 'alai' means 'against me' or 'upon me'.
[PSA.13.4] Look! Answer me, Yahveh my the Gods, enlighten my eyes lest the sleeping one of death. [§]
Habitta aneni Yahveh Elohai ha'ira einai pen ishan hamavet.
'Habitta' means 'look!' (imperative). 'Aneini' means 'answer me'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH as instructed. 'Elohai' is derived from 'Elohim', which is to be rendered literally as 'the Gods', so 'Elohai' becomes 'my the Gods'. 'Ha'ira' means 'enlighten' or 'make bright'. 'Einai' means 'my eyes'. 'Pen' means 'lest'. 'Ishan' means 'the one who sleeps' or 'the sleeping one'. 'Hamavet' means 'the death' (or 'death' as a personified force).
[PSA.13.5] Lest he say, my enemy will exhaust me; my foes will rejoice because I am shaken. [§]
pen yo-mar oy-vi yichaltiyoo tza-rai ya-gi-loo kee e-mot.
'pen' means 'lest', 'yo-mar' means 'he will say', 'oy-vi' means 'my enemy', 'yichaltiyoo' means 'will exhaust him' or 'will bring him to an end', 'tza-rai' means 'my foes', 'ya-gi-loo' means 'will rejoice', 'kee' means 'because', 'e-mot' means 'I am shaken' or 'I am distressed'.
[PSA.13.6] I have trusted in your mercy; my heart will rejoice in your salvation; I will sing to Yahveh because he has shown kindness to me. [§]
va-ani bechasdeka batakh-ti ya-gel li-bi bi-shu-a-tekha a-shi-ra la-Yahveh ki ga-mal a-lai.
'va-ani' means 'I' (with a conjunctive "and"), 'bechasdeka' means 'in your kindness/mercy', 'batakh-ti' means 'I have trusted', 'ya-gel' means 'will rejoice', 'li-bi' means 'my heart', 'bi-shu-a-tekha' means 'in your salvation', 'a-shi-ra' means 'I will sing', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'ki' means 'because', 'ga-mal' means 'has shown kindness/has forgiven', 'a-lai' means 'to me'.
PSA.14
[PSA.14.1] To the chief musician for David. The fool says in his heart, There is no the Gods; they have corrupted, they have become wickedness, There is none who does good. [§]
lamenatseach leDavid amar navel b'levvo ein elohim hishchitu hit'ivu alilah ein ose-tov.
'lamenatseach' means 'to the chief musician', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'amar' means 'said', 'navel' means 'fool', 'b'levvo' means 'in his heart', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'hishchitu' means 'they have corrupted', 'hit'ivu' means 'they have become wicked', 'alilah' means 'wickedness', 'ose-tov' means 'does good'. The divine name 'elohim' is rendered literally as 'the Gods' per the translation guidelines.
[PSA.14.2] Yahveh from the heavens looked down on the sons of man to see whether there is a wise one who seeks the Gods. [§]
Yahveh mishamayim hishkif al-b'nei-adam lir'ot hayesh mashkil doresh et-elohim.
'Yahveh' means the divine name YHWH; 'mishamayim' means 'from the heavens'; 'hishkif' means 'looked down' or 'gazetted'; 'al-b'nei-adam' means 'upon the sons of man' (human beings); 'lir'ot' means 'to see' or 'in order to see'; 'hayesh' means 'is there' or 'whether there is'; 'mashkil' means 'wise one' or 'person of insight'; 'doresh' means 'seeking' or 'who seeks'; 'et-elohim' means 'the Gods', with 'et' as the direct‑object marker.
[PSA.14.3] All have turned aside together, they are corrupted; there is none who does good, not even one. [§]
Hakol sar yachad neelachu ein oseh-tov ein gam echad.
'Hakol' means 'all', 'sar' means 'has turned aside', 'yachad' means 'together', 'neelachu' means 'have become corrupt' or 'are corrupted', 'ein' means 'there is none' or 'there is no', 'oseh-tov' means 'doer of good' (literally 'does good'), the second 'ein' repeats 'there is none', 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', and 'echad' means 'one'.
[PSA.14.4] Is it not that all the doers of wickedness, the devourers of my people, have eaten the bread of Yahveh, yet they have not called (upon Him). [§]
Halo yadeu kol-po'alei aven okhlei ammi achlu lechem Yahveh lo karau.
"Halo" means "surely not" or "is it not". "Yadeu" means "they know". "Kol" means "all". "Po'alei" means "doers of". "Aven" means "wickedness" or "iniquity". "Okhlei" means "eaters of" or "devourers of". "Ammi" means "my people". "Achlu" means "they ate". "Lechem" means "bread". "Yahveh" is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. "Lo" means "not". "Karau" means "they called" (as in "they called upon" or "invoked").
[PSA.14.5] There they were terrified with terror, because the Gods are in a generation of the righteous. [§]
Sham pachadu pachat ki Elohim be-dor tzaddik.
'Sham' means 'there', 'pachadu' means 'they were terrified', 'pachat' means 'terror', 'ki' means 'because', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'be-dor' means 'in the generation', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous'.
[PSA.14.6] The counsel of the poor will be ashamed, because Yahveh is his shelter. [§]
Atsat-ani tavishu ki Yahveh machsehu.
'Atsat' means 'counsel', 'ani' means 'poor', together 'Atsat-ani' means 'counsel of the poor'. 'tavishu' means 'you will be ashamed' (here referring to the counsel). 'ki' means 'because'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'machsehu' means 'his shelter' or 'his refuge'.
[PSA.14.7] Who will give the salvation of Israel from Zion, and when Yahveh returns the captivity of his people, Jacob will rejoice, Israel will be glad. [§]
Mi yiten Mitzion Yeshuat Yisrael, beshuv Yahveh shavut amo, Yagel Yaakov, Yismach Yisrael.
'Mi' means 'who', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'Mitzion' means 'from Zion' (literally 'of Zion'), 'Yeshuat' means 'salvation of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'beshuv' means 'when [He] returns', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'shavut' means 'the captivity' or 'exile', 'amo' means 'his people', 'Yagel' means 'will rejoice', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'Yismach' means 'will be glad', 'Yisrael' again means 'Israel'.
PSA.15
[PSA.15.1] A psalm of David. Yahveh, who may dwell in your tent, who may reside on your holy mountain. [§]
Mizmor leDavid Yahveh mi-yagur be'ohalecha mi-yishkon behar qodeshecha.
'Mizmor' means 'song' or 'psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (or 'to David'), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'mi' means 'who', 'yagur' means 'will dwell' or 'may dwell', 'be'ohalecha' means 'in your tent' (with 'cha' = your), 'mi' again means 'who', 'yishkon' means 'will reside' or 'may reside', 'behar' means 'on the mountain', and 'qodeshecha' means 'your holy [mountain]'.
[PSA.15.2] He who walks upright, works righteousness, and speaks truth in his heart. [§]
holekh tam ve poel tzedek ve dober emet bilbo.
'holekh' means 'walking' or 'walks', 'tam' means 'upright' or 'blameless', 've' means 'and', 'poel' means 'doing' or 'working', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness' or 'justice', another 've' means 'and', 'dober' means 'speaking' or 'says', 'emet' means 'truth', 'bilbo' means 'in his heart'.
[PSA.15.3] He does not slander with his tongue; he does not do evil to his neighbor; and he does not bear contempt toward his close relative. [§]
Lo ragal al leshono lo asa lere'ehu raah vecherpah lo nasa al krevo.
'Lo' means 'not'. 'Ragal' means 'to slander' or 'to speak evil'. 'Al' means 'upon' or 'with'. 'Leshono' means 'his tongue'. 'Asa' means 'did' or 'does'. 'Lere'ehu' means 'to his neighbor' (re'e = neighbor/friend, -hu = his). 'Raah' means 'evil' or 'harm'. 'Vechirpah' means 'and contempt' (ve- = and, cherpah = contempt, derision). 'Nasa' means 'to bear' or 'to carry'. 'Al' again means 'against' or 'upon'. 'Krevo' means 'his near one' or 'kinsfolk' (krov = close relative). The verse therefore lists three negative behaviors that the righteous person avoids.
[PSA.15.4] Despised in his eyes, detestable, he honors those who fear Yahveh, he swears to evil, and he does not desire. [§]
Nivzeh be'einav nimaas ve'et yirei Yahveh yechabbed nishba'a lehara velo yamir.
'Nivzeh' means 'is despised' or 'despised', 'be'einav' means 'in his eyes', 'nimaas' means 'detestable' or 'abominable', 've'et' means 'and the' (introducing the object), 'yirei' means 'those who fear', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'yechabbed' means 'he honors', 'nishba'a' means 'he swears', 'lehara' means 'to evil', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yamir' means 'he desires' or 'is pleased'.
[PSA.15.5] His silver he did not give as a pledge, nor bribe upon the pure; he did not take the maker of these; he will not be shaken forever. [§]
kassapo lo-natan beneshekh ve-shochad al-naki lo laqach oseh-eleh lo yimmot leolam.
'kassapo' means 'his silver', 'lo' means 'not', 'natan' means 'gave', 'beneshekh' means 'as a pledge', 've' means 'and', 'shochad' means 'bribe', 'al' means 'upon', 'naki' means 'pure', 'lo' means 'not', 'laqach' means 'took', 'oseh' means 'the doer' or 'one who makes', 'eleh' means 'these', 'lo' means 'not', 'yimmot' means 'will be shaken' or 'will move', 'leolam' means 'forever'.
PSA.16
[PSA.16.1] A record of David: Guard me, God, for I have trusted in you. [§]
Mikhtam leDavid shomreni El ki chasiti vach.
'Mikhtam' means 'record' or 'inscription', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'shomreni' means 'guard me' or 'keep me safe', 'El' means 'God', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'chasiti' means 'I have trusted' or 'I have taken refuge', 'vach' means 'in you'.
[PSA.16.2] You said to Yahveh, my Lord, 'You are my goodness; it is not upon you.' [§]
amart laYahveh Adonai atah tovati bal alecha.
'amart' means 'you said', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'atah' means 'you', 'tovati' means 'my goodness', 'bal' means 'not', 'alecha' means 'upon you'.
[PSA.16.3] To the holy ones who are on the earth, they and the mighty of all my desire in them. [§]
likdoshim asher baaretz hemmah veadirei kolcheftzi bam
'likdoshim' means 'to the holy ones', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'baaretz' means 'in the earth', 'hemmah' means 'they', 'veadirei' means 'and the mighty', 'kol' means 'all', 'cheftzi' means 'my desire', 'bam' means 'in them'.
[PSA.16.4] They increase their sorrows; another hurried, I will not bind their money from blood, and I will not lift their names upon my lips. [§]
Yirbu atzvotam acher maharu bal asich niskehem midam ubal esa et-shemotam al-sfatayim.
'Yirbu' means 'they increase' (verb in 3rd person plural). 'atzvotam' means 'their sorrows' (noun plural with masculine suffix). 'acher' means 'another' or 'other'. 'maharu' means 'they hastened' (verb). 'bal' is a negating particle meaning 'not' (here attached to the following verb). 'asich' is understood as a verb form meaning 'I will bind' or 'I will hold', here taken as 'I will bind'. 'niskehem' means 'their money' (noun plural with possessive suffix). 'midam' means 'from blood' (preposition + noun). 'ubal' is another negating particle meaning 'and I will not'. 'esa' means 'I will lift' or 'I will carry'. 'et-shemotam' means 'their names' (with the direct object marker 'et'). 'al-sfatayim' means 'upon the lips' (preposition + dual noun). The verse therefore speaks of increasing sorrow, a swift action, refusing to bind money taken from blood, and refusing to lift (i.e., to speak) their names on the lips.
[PSA.16.5] Yahveh, my portion and my cup, you sustain my lot. [§]
Yahveh menat-chelki vekhosi atah tomich goralai.
'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH. 'menat-chelki' combines 'menat' meaning 'portion' and 'chelki' meaning 'my share', together conveying 'my portion'. 've' is the conjunction 'and', and 'khosi' means 'my cup', so 'vekhosi' is 'and my cup'. 'atah' means 'you'. 'tomich' is a verb meaning 'you sustain' or 'you preserve'. 'goralai' is 'my lot' or 'my destiny', from 'goral' meaning 'lot' with the first‑person singular suffix.
[PSA.16.6] Ropes have fallen upon me in the pleasant places; even my inheritance has shattered upon me. [§]
chavalim naf'lu li banne'imim af-nachalot shafrah alai.
'chavalim' means 'cords' or 'ropes', 'naf'lu' means 'have fallen', 'li' means 'to me' or 'upon me', 'banne'imim' means 'in the pleasant places' or 'among delights', 'af' means 'also' or 'even', 'nachalot' means 'inheritance' or 'possession', 'shafrah' means 'has broken' or 'shattered', 'alai' means 'upon me'.
[PSA.16.7] I will bless the Yahveh who counsels me; even the nights will keep watch over my limbs. [§]
Avaresh et-Yahveh asher ya'atzani af leilot yisseruni kilyotai.
'Avaresh' means 'I will bless', 'et-Yahveh' means 'the Yahveh' (the personal name of God), 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'ya'atzani' means 'He will counsel me' (from the verb 'to advise'), 'af' means 'even' or 'also', 'leilot' means 'nights', 'yisseruni' means 'will keep watch over me' (from the root meaning 'to guard, to keep'), and 'kilyotai' means 'my limbs' (literally 'my members or body parts').
[PSA.16.8] I have set Yahveh before me always, because from my right I will not be shaken. [§]
Shiiviti Yahveh lenegdi tamid ki miyini bal-emmot.
'Shiiviti' means 'I have set', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lenegdi' means 'before me', 'tamid' means 'always', 'ki' means 'because', 'miyini' means 'from my right', 'bal-emmot' means 'I will not be moved' or 'I will not be shaken'.
[PSA.16.9] Therefore my heart rejoiced and my glory was glad; also my flesh will dwell in safety. [§]
lachen samach libi vayagel kevodi af-besari yishkon la'vetaḥ.
'lachen' means 'therefore', 'samach' means 'rejoiced', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'vayagel' means 'and was glad', 'kevodi' means 'my glory', 'af-' means 'also', 'besari' means 'my flesh', 'yishkon' means 'will dwell', 'la'vetaḥ' means 'in safety' or 'with confidence'.
[PSA.16.10] For you will not abandon my soul to Sheol; you will not give your faithful one to see destruction. [§]
Ki lo-ta'azov nafshi li'sha'ol lo ti'ten chasidcha li'ro'ot sahat.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'ta'azov' means 'you will abandon', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'li'sha'ol' means 'to Sheol (the netherworld)', 'lo' again means 'not', 'ti'ten' means 'you will give', 'chasidcha' means 'your faithful one', 'li'ro'ot' means 'to see', 'sahat' means 'decay' or 'destruction'.
[PSA.16.11] You make known to me the way of life, full of joys; your face is pleasant by your right hand forever. [§]
Todieniy orach chayyim shova semachot et panecha neimot bimincha netzach.
'Todieniy' means 'you will make known to me', 'orach' means 'way' or 'path', 'chayyim' means 'life', 'shova' means 'full' or 'filled', 'semachot' means 'joys', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'panecha' means 'your face', 'neimot' means 'are pleasant' or 'delightful', 'bimincha' means 'by your right hand' (literally 'in your right hand'), and 'netzach' means 'forever' or 'eternally'.
PSA.17
[PSA.17.1] Prayer of David: Listen, Yahveh, righteousness; listen to my joy; hear my prayer without deceitful lips. [§]
tefilla leDavid shim'a Yahveh tzedek hakshivah rinati ha'azina tefilati be'lo siftei mirma.
'tefilla' means 'prayer', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'shim'a' means 'listen!', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'tzedek' means 'righteousness' or 'the righteous one', 'hakshivah' means 'listen', 'rinati' means 'my joy' or 'my rejoicing', 'ha'azina' means 'listen', 'tefilati' means 'my prayer', 'be'lo' means 'without', 'siftei' means 'lips of', 'mirma' means 'deceit' or 'lying'.
[PSA.17.2] Before you, my judgment will go out; your eyes will see the upright. [§]
milpanecha mishpati yetze eincha techezena meisharim.
'milpanecha' means 'before you', 'mishpati' means 'my judgment', 'yetze' means 'will go out', 'eincha' means 'your eyes', 'techezena' means 'will see', 'meisharim' means 'the upright' or 'the righteous'.
[PSA.17.3] You have examined my heart; you have kept watch at night; you have sharpened me; may my iniquity not be found, and may my mouth not go beyond. [§]
bachanta livi pakadta laylah tzarfatani bal timtza zamoti bal yaaver pi.
'bachanta' means 'you have examined', 'livi' means 'my heart', 'pakadta' means 'you have kept watch', 'laylah' means 'the night', 'tzarfatani' means 'you have sharpened me', 'bal' is a negative particle meaning 'not', 'timtza' means 'you will find', 'zamoti' means 'my iniquity' or 'my wrongdoing', 'bal' again means 'not', 'yaaver' means 'shall pass' or 'will go beyond', 'pi' means 'my mouth'.
[PSA.17.4] For the deeds of man, in the word of your lips, I have kept the ways of Paritz. [§]
Lif'ulot adam bidvar sfatecha ani shamarti archot paritz.
'Lif'ulot' means 'for the deeds or works', 'adam' means 'man', 'bidvar' means 'in the word', 'sfatecha' means 'your lips', 'ani' means 'I', 'shamarti' means 'I kept' or 'I guarded', 'archot' means 'paths' or 'ways', 'paritz' is taken as a proper name (a place or person) meaning 'Paritz'.
[PSA.17.5] You sustain my support in your circles; do not let my foundations be shaken. [§]
Tamoch ashurai bema'aggelotecha bal-namotu pe'ami.
'Tamoch' means 'you sustain' or 'you support'; 'ashurai' means 'my support' (from ashur, a support or bond); 'bema'aggelotecha' means 'in your circles' (ma'aggelot = circles, -cha = your); 'bal' means 'do not'; 'namotu' means 'they be shaken' or 'be shaken'; 'pe'ami' means 'my foundations' (pe'am = foundation, -i = my). The verse is a petition to God, asking for continual support and for the foundations not to be shaken.
[PSA.17.6] I have called you because you will answer me, God, turn your ear to me; hear my word. [§]
Ani qara'tikha ki ta'aneini El hat-oznekha li shma imrati.
'Ani' means 'I', 'qara'tikha' means 'have called you', 'ki' means 'because', 'ta'aneini' means 'you will answer me', 'El' means 'God', 'hat-oznekha' means 'turn your ear', 'li' means 'to me', 'shma' means 'hear', 'imrati' means 'my word'.
[PSA.17.7] Show your mercies, Savior of those who take refuge from the rising, in your right hand. [§]
Haphleh chasadeikha moshia chosim mi-mitkomem biyeminecha.
'Haphleh' is the imperative form of the verb meaning 'show' or 'reveal'. 'Chasadeikha' means 'your mercies' (plural of chesed). 'Moshia' is a participle meaning 'savior' or 'one who saves'. 'Chosim' means 'those who take refuge' or 'the shelter‑seekers'. 'Mi-mitkomem' is a construct meaning 'from the rising ones' (literally 'from those who rise'). 'Biyeminecha' means 'in your right hand' (with 'yemin' = right hand, '-cha' = your).
[PSA.17.8] Guard me like the apple of the eye; in the shadow of Yahveh's wings hide me. [§]
Shamreini keishon bat ayin betzel kanapecha tastireni.
'Shamreini' means 'guard me'; 'keishon' means 'like a guard' (literally 'as a watchman'); 'bat' means 'daughter' but in the idiom 'bat ayin' means 'apple of the eye' (the precious part of the eye); 'ayin' means 'eye'; 'betzel' means 'in the shadow'; 'kanapecha' means 'your wings' and because 'your' refers to God it is rendered as 'Yahveh's wings'; 'tastireni' means 'you will hide me'. The divine name YHVH is therefore translated as Yahveh wherever it appears as a possessive.
[PSA.17.9] Because of the wicked, then they have humbled me; my enemies press upon me with the soul. [§]
Mip'nei resha'im zu shaduni oyvai b'nefesh yakipu alai.
'Mip'nei' means 'because of' or 'before', 'resha'im' means 'the wicked', 'zu' is a particle meaning 'then' or 'thus', 'shaduni' means 'they have humbled me' or 'they have afflicted me', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'b'nefesh' means 'in the soul' or 'with the soul', 'yakipu' means 'they will uphold' or 'they will press', 'alai' means 'upon me'.
[PSA.17.10] His milk they shut, their mouth they spoke in arrogance. [§]
Chelbamo sagru pimo dibru begeut.
'Chelbamo' means 'his milk' (chelb = milk, -mo = his). 'Sagru' means 'they shut' or 'they closed'. 'Pimo' means 'their mouth' (pi = mouth, -mo = their). 'Dibru' means 'they spoke'. 'Begeut' means 'in arrogance' or 'with haughtiness'.
[PSA.17.11] Our Assyrians now have surrounded me; they have set their eyes to gaze over the earth. [§]
ashureinu atta sevabuni einayhem yashitu lintot baaretz.
'ashureinu' means 'our Assyrians' (from Assur, a nation), 'atta' means 'now', 'sevabuni' means 'they have surrounded me', 'einayhem' means 'their eyes', 'yashitu' means 'they have set' or 'placed', 'lintot' means 'to look out' or 'to gaze', 'baaretz' means 'on the earth'.
[PSA.17.12] His image is like a lion that will devour to plunder, and like a jackal dwells in hidden places. [§]
Dimyono ke'aryeh yiksoph litrof vechikfir yoshev bemistarim.
'Dimyono' means 'his image', 'ke'aryeh' means 'like a lion', 'yiksoph' means 'will devour', 'litrof' means 'to plunder', 'vechikfir' means 'like a jackal' (a wild scavenger), 'yoshev' means 'dwells', 'bemistarim' means 'in hidden places' or 'in the shadows'.
[PSA.17.13] Arise, Yahveh, before his face; crush him; save my soul from the wicked, your sword. [§]
Quma Yahveh kadmah panav hakri'ehu palta nafshi merasha charvecha.
'Quma' means 'Arise', 'Yahveh' is the rendering of YHVH as Yahveh, 'kadmah' means 'before', 'panav' means 'his face', 'hakri'ehu' means 'crush him' (to defeat or subdue him), 'palta' means 'save', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'merasha' means 'from evil' or 'from the wicked', 'charvecha' means 'your sword'.
[PSA.17.14] From the dead your hand, Yahveh, from the dead since childhood their portion in the living, and your gaze will fill their wombs; children will be satisfied, and they will release their offspring to their infants. [§]
Mimm'tim yadekha Yahveh m'm'tim mecheled chelkam ba'chayim u'tz'fincha temalle'a bitnam yis've'u vanim ve'hinni'chu yit'ram le'ulleihem.
'Mimm'tim' means 'from the dead', 'yadekha' means 'your hand', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mecheled' means 'since childhood', 'chelkam' means 'their portion', 'ba'chayim' means 'in the living', 'u'tz'fincha' means 'and your gaze/looking', 'temalle'a' means 'will fill', 'bitnam' means 'their wombs', 'yis've'u' means 'they will be satisfied', 'vanim' means 'children', 've'hinni'chu' means 'and they will let go', 'yit'ram' means 'their offspring', 'le'ulleihem' means 'to their infants'. All divine names are rendered as instructed: YHVH becomes 'Yahveh'.
[PSA.17.15] I will behold your face in righteousness; I will be satisfied with your likeness at daybreak. [§]
Ani be-tzedek echezhe panecha esbe'ah be-hakitz temunatekha.
'Ani' means 'I', 'be-tzedek' means 'in righteousness' or 'with righteousness', 'echezhe' (future form of the verb 'to behold') means 'I will behold', 'panecha' means 'your face', 'esbe'ah' means 'I will be satisfied' or 'I shall be satiated', 'be-hakitz' means 'in the dawn' or 'at daybreak', 'temunatekha' means 'your likeness' or 'your image'.
PSA.18
[PSA.18.1] To the chief musician, to the servant of Yahveh, for David, who spoke to Yahveh the words of this song on the day Yahveh saved him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Shaul. [§]
lamnatzeach le'evad Yahveh leDavid asher diber laYahveh et-dibrei hashira hazot beyom hitzil-Yahveh oto mikaf kol-oivav umiad Shaul.
'lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'le'evad' means 'to the servant', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'asher' means 'who', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'et-dibrei' means 'the words of', 'hashira' means 'the song', 'hazot' means 'this', 'beyom' means 'on the day', 'hitzil-Yahveh' means 'Yahveh saved', 'oto' means 'him', 'mikaf' means 'from the hand of', 'kol-oivav' means 'all his enemies', 'umiad' means 'and from the hand of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul.
[PSA.18.2] And he said, I will have mercy on you, Yahveh, strengthen me. [§]
Vayomer Erchamkha Yahveh Chizki.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Erchamkha' means 'I will have mercy on you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Chizki' means 'strengthen me'.
[PSA.18.3] Yahveh is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer, my God, my rock, I will hide in him, my shield and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold. [§]
Yahveh salli u-metsudati u-mefalt'i eli tsuri echeshe-bo magni ve-keren-yishi mishgabbi.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH; 'salli' means 'my rock'; 'u-metsudati' means 'and my fortress'; 'u-mefalt'i' means 'and my deliverer'; 'eli' means 'my God' (El = God); 'tsuri' means 'my rock'; 'echeshe-bo' means 'I will hide in him'; 'magni' means 'my shield'; 've-keren-yishi' means 'and the horn of my salvation'; 'mishgabbi' means 'my stronghold'.
[PSA.18.4] Praised I will call Yahveh and from my enemies I will be saved. [§]
Mehullal ekra Yahweh umin oyvai ivashea.
'Mehullal' means 'praised' (a participle of the verb to praise). 'Ekra' means 'I will call' or 'I will proclaim'. 'Yahweh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, rendered here as 'Yahveh' according to the given rule. 'Umin' means 'and from'. 'Oyvai' means 'my enemies' (oyv = enemy, -ai = my). 'Ivashea' means 'I will be saved' or 'I shall be rescued'.
[PSA.18.5] You have bound me with cords of death, and the inheritances of the worthless have reviled me. [§]
apafuni chevelei-mavet ve-nachalei be-liya'al yeva'atuni.
'apafuni' means 'You have bound me' (from the root meaning to coil or bind). 'chevelei-mavet' means 'cords of death'. 've-nachalei' means 'and the inheritances of' (or figuratively 'the companions of'). 'be-liya'al' means 'the worthless' or 'the ungodly'. 'yeva\'atuni' means 'they have reviled me' or 'they have made me a target of contempt'.
[PSA.18.6] The cords of Sheol have surrounded me; they pressed me, pits of death. [§]
Hevlei sheol seva'vuni kidemu'ni mok'shei mavet.
'Hevlei' means 'cords' (plural construct of 'cord'), 'sheol' means 'the underworld' or 'grave', 'seva'vuni' means 'they surrounded me', 'kidemu'ni' means 'they pressed me' or 'they rushed against me', 'mok'shei' means 'pits' (plural construct of 'pit'), and 'mavet' means 'death'. The verse depicts a situation where the speaker feels trapped by the forces of the grave and death.
[PSA.18.7] In my distress I will call Yahveh and my God I will cry out; He will hear my voice from his palace and my complaint before Him will come into his ears. [§]
batzar li ekra Yahveh ve elohai ashovea yishma meheichalo koli veshavati lefanav tavo beoznav.
'batzar li' means 'in my distress', 'ekra' means 'I will call', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'elohai' means 'my God' (from El meaning God), 'ashovea' means 'I will cry out', 'yishma' means 'will hear', 'meheichalo' means 'from his palace', 'koli' means 'my voice', 'veshavati' means 'and my complaint', 'lefanav' means 'before Him', 'tavo' means 'will come', 'beoznav' means 'into his ears'.
[PSA.18.8] And the earth quaked and shook, and the foundations of the mountains will be shaken, and they will be terrified because he was angry against him. [§]
vattigash vatti'rash haaretz umosdei harim yirgazu vayitgashu ki chara lo.
"vattigash" means "and it quaked", "vatti'rash" means "and it shook", "haaretz" means "the earth", "umosdei" means "foundations of", "harim" means "the mountains", "yirgazu" means "will be shaken", "vayitgashu" means "and they will be terrified/shaken", "ki" means "because", "chara" means "he was angry", "lo" means "against him".
[PSA.18.9] Smoke rose in his nostrils, and fire from his mouth devoured the insects; they burned from it. [§]
Ala ashān be'apo ve'esh mipiyv to'kel gechalim ba'aru mimmennu.
'Ala' means 'rose' or 'went up', 'ashān' means 'smoke', 'be'apo' means 'in his breath' (literally 'in his nostrils'), 've'esh' means 'and fire', 'mipiyv' means 'from his mouth', 'to'kel' means 'will devour' or 'will eat', 'gechalim' is a rare Hebrew word meaning 'worms' or 'insects', 'ba'aru' means 'they burned', and 'mimmennu' means 'from it'. The sentence describes a violent image of smoke and fire emanating from a being's mouth, consuming the small creatures and causing them to burn.
[PSA.18.10] He spread out the heavens, He descended, and the dust is under his feet. [§]
Vayet shamayim vayered va'arafel tahat raglav.
'Vayet' means 'and He spread (out)', 'shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'vayered' means 'and He descended', 'va'arafel' means 'and the dust/ground', 'tahat' means 'under', 'raglav' means 'his feet'.
[PSA.18.11] And He rode upon the cherub, and He flew, and He made Himself swift upon the wind's wings. [§]
vayirkav al-keruv vayaf vayeda al-kanfei ruach.
'vayirkav' means 'and He rode', 'al' means 'upon', 'keruv' means 'cherub', 'vayaf' means 'and He flew', 'vayeda' means 'and He made Himself swift' (the verb can also convey 'became swift' or 'was swift'), another 'al' means 'upon', 'kanfei' means 'wings of', and 'ruach' means 'wind' (or 'spirit').
[PSA.18.12] He placed darkness, its cover, its surroundings, its shelter, the darkness of water, clouds of darkness. [§]
Yashet Choshekh Sitró Sevivotáv Sukátó Cheshkat-máyim Avey Shachakím.
'Yashet' means 'he placed', 'Choshekh' means 'darkness', 'Sitró' means 'its cover', 'Sevivotáv' means 'its surroundings', 'Sukátó' means 'its shelter', 'Cheshkat-máyim' means 'darkness of water', 'Avey' means 'clouds', 'Shachakím' means 'darkness'.
[PSA.18.13] From his brilliance before him his clouds passed, hail and coals of fire. [§]
Minogah negdo avav avru barad ve-gachalei esh.
'Minogah' means 'from his shining' or 'from his brilliance', 'negdo' means 'in front of him' or 'before him', 'avav' means 'his clouds', 'avru' means 'they passed' or 'they crossed', 'barad' means 'hail', and 've-gachalei esh' means 'and coals of fire'.
[PSA.18.14] And He thundered in the heavens, Yahveh, and the Most High will give his voice in the frost and the coals of fire. [§]
Vayarre'em ba-shamayim Yahveh ve-elyon yiten kol-o barad ve-gachalei esh.
'Vayarre'em' means 'and He thundered', 'ba-shamayim' means 'in the heavens', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've-elyon' means 'and the Most High', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'kol-o' means 'his voice', 'barad' means 'in the frost' or 'in the cold', 've-gachalei esh' means 'and the coals of fire'.
[PSA.18.15] And he sent his halves and scattered them, and there were many lightning bolts and they were silenced. [§]
Vayishlach chitzav vayfitzem uvebrakim rav vayhumem.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'chitzav' means 'his halves', 'vayfitzem' means 'and he scattered [them]', 'uvebrakim' means 'and [with] lightning', 'rav' means 'many', 'vayhumem' means 'and they were silenced'.
[PSA.18.16] And the springs of water appeared and the foundations of the world were revealed from your anger, Yahveh, from the breath of your nostrils. [§]
vaiyera'u afi'kei mayim vayyigalu mosdot tevel mig'aratkha Yahveh minishmat ruach apekha.
'vaiyera'u' means 'and they appeared', 'afi'kei' means 'springs' or 'pools of', 'mayim' means 'water', 'vayyigalu' means 'and they were revealed', 'mosdot' means 'foundations', 'tevel' means 'the world', 'mig'aratkha' means 'from your anger', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'minishmat' means 'from the breath of', 'ruach' means 'spirit' or 'breath', and 'apekha' means 'your nostrils'. The verse is rendered literally, keeping the order of clauses and translating the divine name as instructed.
[PSA.18.17] He will send from above, he will take me; he will rescue me from great waters. [§]
Yishlach mimarom yikacheni yamsheni mimayim rabbim.
'Yishlach' means 'he will send', 'mi' means 'from', 'marom' means 'above', 'yikacheni' means 'he will take me', 'yamsheni' means 'he will rescue me' (or 'he will sustain me'), 'mimayim' means 'from waters', 'rabbim' means 'great' or 'many'.
[PSA.18.18] He will save me from my mighty enemy and from those who hate me, because they have plotted against me. [§]
Yatzileni me'oyvi az u-mis'anei ki-amtzu mimeni.
'Yatzileni' means 'He will save me', 'me'oyvi' means 'from my enemy', 'az' means 'mighty' or 'strong', 'u-mis'anei' means 'and from those who hate', 'ki-amtzu' means 'because they have plotted', 'mimeni' means 'against me'.
[PSA.18.19] They will hasten me on the day of my feast, and Yahveh is a tabernacle for me. [§]
Yekaddemu'ni be-yom eidi vayhi Yahveh le mishkan li.
'Yekaddemu'ni' means 'they will hasten me', 'be-yom' means 'on the day', 'eidi' means 'of my feast', 'vayhi' means 'and it was' or 'and became', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'le' means 'for', 'mishkan' means 'tabernacle' or 'dwelling place', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'.
[PSA.18.20] And He brought me out to the spacious place, He will rescue me, because He desires me. [§]
Vayyotzi'eni lammerchav yechal'tzeni ki chafetz bi.
'Vayyotzi'eni' means 'and He brought me out', 'lammerchav' means 'to the spacious place', 'yechal'tzeni' means 'He will rescue me', 'ki' means 'because', 'chafetz' means 'He desires', 'bi' means 'in me' or 'me'.
[PSA.18.21] Yahveh will reward me according to my righteousness; as soon as my hands are restored to me. [§]
Yigmaleini Yahveh ke-tzidki kevor yaday yashiv li.
'Yigmaleini' means 'He will reward me'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH as instructed. 'ke-tzidki' means 'according to my righteousness'. 'kevor' is an idiom meaning 'as soon as' or 'promptly'. 'yaday' means 'my hands'. 'yashiv' means 'will restore' or 'will bring back'. 'li' means 'to me'. The phrase 'kevor yaday' is a poetic way of saying 'as soon as my hands are restored' or 'when my hands are returned to me', indicating a request for God's timely help in the work of the hands.
[PSA.18.22] For I have kept the ways of Yahveh and I have not acted wickedly from my God. [§]
Ki-shamarti darkei Yahveh ve-lo rashati meElohai.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'shamarti' means 'I have kept', 'darkei' means 'the ways of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've-lo' means 'and not', 'rashati' means 'I have acted wickedly' (negative here gives 'I have not acted wickedly'), 'meElohai' means 'from my God' (with 'Elohai' meaning 'my God').
[PSA.18.23] Because all his judgments are before me and his statutes are not withheld from me. [§]
Ki kol-mishpatai lenegdi vechukotav lo asir meni.
'Ki' means 'because', 'kol' means 'all', 'mishpatai' means 'his judgments', 'lenegdi' means 'before me', 'vechukotav' means 'and his statutes', 'lo' means 'not', 'asir' means 'withheld', 'meni' means 'from me'.
[PSA.18.24] And I was blameless with him, and I will keep myself from my sin. [§]
va'ehī tamīm immo va'eshţamer me'avoni.
'va'ehī' means 'and I was', 'tamīm' means 'blameless' or 'perfect', 'immo' means 'with him' (referring to God), 'va'eshţamer' means 'and I will keep' or 'and I will be careful', 'me'avoni' means 'from my iniquity' (my sin).
[PSA.18.25] And Yahveh turned to me according to my righteousness, as my hands before his eyes. [§]
Vayashav Yahveh li ketsidki kevor yaday leneged einav.
'Vayashav' means 'and He turned' or 'and He placed'; 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God; 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'; 'ketsidki' means 'as my righteousness' (with the suffix indicating possession); 'kevor' is a construct meaning 'as' or 'like' (here used for comparison); 'yaday' means 'my hands'; 'leneged' means 'before' or 'in the presence of'; 'einav' means 'his eyes'.
[PSA.18.26] With a faithful one you will show mercy; with an upright man you will be upright. [§]
im chasid titchased im gevar tamim titamam.
'im' means 'with', 'chasid' means 'faithful one' or 'godly person', 'titchased' means 'you will show mercy/kindness', 'gevar' means 'man' (often implying a strong or upright man), 'tamim' means 'whole, upright, innocent', 'titamam' means 'you will be upright/complete'.
[PSA.18.27] With a wise person you will become clear, and with a stubborn person you will be amazed. [§]
Im naver titbarrar ve-im iqesh titpatal.
'Im' means 'with', 'naver' means 'wise person', 'titbarrar' means 'you will become clear or be clarified', 've-im' means 'and with', 'iqesh' means 'stubborn, obstinate one', 'titpatal' means 'you will be amazed or astonished'.
[PSA.18.28] Because you are a poor people, you will save, and you will bring down the lofty eyes. [§]
ki-atah am-ani toshia ve-einayim ramot tashpil.
'ki' means 'because', 'atah' means 'you', 'am' means 'people', 'ani' means 'poor', 'toshia' means 'you save', 've' means 'and', 'einayim' means 'eyes', 'ramot' means 'high' or 'lofty', 'tashpil' means 'you bring low' or 'humble'.
[PSA.18.29] Because you will light my lamp, Yahveh my God will dispel my darkness. [§]
Ki-atah ta'ir neri Yahveh Elohai yaggiha chashki.
'Ki' means 'because', 'atah' means 'you', 'ta'ir' means 'you will light', 'neri' means 'my lamp', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'yaggiha' means 'will dispel', 'chashki' means 'my darkness'.
[PSA.18.30] For in you I will run a troop, and in my God I will leap an ox. [§]
kee-be-ka a-ROOTZ ge-DOOD oo-veh-LOH-hai a-da-LEG SHOOR.
'kee' means 'for', 'be' means 'in' or 'by', 'ka' is the second‑person singular pronoun 'you', 'a-ROOTZ' means 'I will run', 'ge-DOOD' means 'a troop' or 'host', 'oo' is the conjunction 'and', 'veh-LOH-hai' means 'my God' (with 'El' rendered as 'God'), 'a-da-LEG' means 'I will leap', 'SHOOR' means 'ox'.
[PSA.18.31] The God is perfect in his way; the utterance of Yahveh is a secure shield, and he is a shield for all who take refuge in him. [§]
hael tamim darko imrat yahveh tzerufah magen hu lechol hachosim bo.
'hael' means 'the God', 'tamim' means 'perfect', 'darko' means 'his way', 'imrat' means 'utterance', 'yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'tzerufah' means 'tight' or 'secure', 'magen' means 'shield', 'hu' means 'he' or 'it', 'lechol' means 'for all', 'hachosim' means 'the ones who take refuge', 'bo' means 'in him'.
[PSA.18.32] For who is God besides Yahveh, and who is the rock besides our God. [§]
kee mee e-loh-ah mee-bal-ah-dei Yahveh oo mee tsoor zoo-lah-tee e-lo-hei-nu.
'kee' means 'for', 'mee' means 'who', 'e-loh-ah' means 'God', 'mee-bal-ah-dei' means 'besides', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'oo' means 'and', 'tsoor' means 'rock', 'zoo-lah-tee' means 'besides me/other than me', 'e-lo-hei-nu' means 'our God' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods', but in this context as 'our God').
[PSA.18.33] The God who equips me with strength and gave my ways perfect. [§]
Hael hamazreni chayil vayiten tamim darki.
'Hael' means 'the God'; 'hamazreni' comes from the root mazar meaning 'to furnish or supply' with the first‑person singular suffix, so it means 'who furnishes me' or 'who equips me'; 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'power'; 'vayiten' is the conjunction "and" plus the verb "gave" in the third person singular, so "and gave"; 'tamim' means 'perfect', 'complete' or 'whole'; 'darki' is "my ways" (derek = way, -i = my).
[PSA.18.34] He makes my feet like deer and steadies my steps. [§]
Meshaveh raglay kaayalot veal bamotai yaamideni.
'Meshaveh' means 'makes to sway' or 'shakes', 'raglay' means 'my feet', 'kaayalot' means 'like deer', 've'al' means 'and upon', 'bamotai' means 'my steps', 'yaamideni' means 'he will set me' or 'he will steady me'.
[PSA.18.35] He teaches my hands for war, and I will set a bronze bow on my arms. [§]
Melammed yaday lamilchamah ve nichatah keshet nekhushah zer'otay.
'Melammed' means 'he teaches', 'yaday' means 'my hands', 'lamilchamah' means 'for war', 've' means 'and', 'nichatah' means 'I will ready' or 'I will set', 'keshet' means 'bow', 'nekhushah' means 'bronze', 'zer'otay' means 'my arms'.
[PSA.18.36] And you gave me the shield of your salvation; your right hand will support me, and your humility will increase me. [§]
Va-titten li magen yishecha vi-mincha tisa'adeni ve-anvatcha tarbeni.
'Va-' means 'and', 'titten' means 'you gave', 'li' means 'to me'. 'Magen' means 'shield'. 'Yishecha' is a construct phrase meaning 'your salvation' (yishe' = salvation, -cha = your). 'Vi-' means 'and', 'mincha' means 'your right hand'. 'Tisa'adeni' means 'you will support/help me' (tisa' = you will help, -eni = me). 'Ve-' means 'and', 'anvatcha' means 'your humility' (anva = humility, -cha = your). 'Tarbeni' means 'you will increase me' or 'you will cause me to grow'.
[PSA.18.37] You broaden my steps beneath me, and my ankles are not broken. [§]
Tarhiv tsaadi tachti velo maadu qarsullai.
'Tarhiv' means 'you broaden', 'tsaadi' means 'my steps', 'tachti' means 'under me', 'velo' means 'and not', 'maadu' means 'they have broken', 'qarsullai' means 'my ankles'.
[PSA.18.38] I will pursue my enemies and overtake them, and I will not turn back until they are destroyed. [§]
Erdof oyvai v'ashigem v'lo ashuv ad kallotam.
'Erdof' means 'I will pursue', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'v'ashigem' means 'and I will overtake them', 'v'lo' means 'and not', 'ashuv' means 'return/turn back', 'ad' means 'until', 'kallotam' means 'they are finished' or 'they are destroyed'.
[PSA.18.39] I will crush them and they will not be able to stand; they will fall under my feet. [§]
emchatzem ve'lo yuchlu kum yiplu tachat raglai.
'emchatzem' means 'I will crush them', 've'lo' means 'and they will not', 'yuchlu' means 'be able', 'kum' means 'to stand', 'yiplu' means 'they will fall', 'tachat' means 'under', 'raglai' means 'my feet'.
[PSA.18.40] And God equipped me with strength for battle; He will crush my enemies beneath me. [§]
Vatte'azzreini chayil lamilchamah takri'a kamai takhatay.
'Vatte'azzreini' means 'and (He) equipped me'; 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'might'; 'lamilchamah' means 'for battle' or 'for war'; 'takri'a' means 'will crush' or 'will subdue'; 'kamai' means 'my enemies'; 'takhatay' means 'under me' or 'beneath me'. The verb forms are third‑person masculine singular, so the implied subject is God (Yahveh) by context.
[PSA.18.41] And you have given my enemies to me as a reproach, and I will burn my haters. [§]
veoyvai natata li oref u mesanei atzmitam.
've' means 'and', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'natata' means 'you have given' (2nd person masculine singular), 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'oref' means 'a reproach' or 'shame', 'u' means 'and', 'mesanei' means 'my haters' or 'my adversaries', 'atzmitam' means 'I will burn them' (1st person singular future).
[PSA.18.42] They will save, and there is no saviour except Yahveh, and He does not answer them. [§]
Yeshavu ve'eyn-moshi'a al Yahveh velo anam.
'Yeshavu' means 'they will save', 've'eyn' means 'and there is no', 'moshi'a' means 'saviour', 'al' means 'except' or 'against', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'velo' means 'and not', 'anam' means 'them' (object of answering). The phrase as a whole states that there is no saviour apart from Yahveh, and He does not answer them.
[PSA.18.43] And I will scatter them like dust upon the face of the wind, like a wisp of their outer hearing. [§]
veeshachem keafar al-pnei ruach ke-tit chutzo arikem.
've' means 'and', 'eshachem' means 'I will scatter them', 'keafar' means 'like dust', 'al-pnei' means 'upon the face of', 'ruach' means 'wind', 'ke-tit' means 'like a tiny thing' or 'like a wisp', 'chutzo' means 'its outer part' or 'its side', 'arikem' means 'their ear' or metaphorically 'their hearing' indicating something fleeting.
[PSA.18.44] Save me from the strife of the people; set me as a head over nations, a people I do not know shall serve me. [§]
Tefalleteni merivei am tesimeni le-rosh goyim am lo-yadati ya'avduni.
'Tefalleteni' means 'save me', 'merivei' means 'from the strife of', 'am' means 'people', 'tesimeni' means 'you will set me', 'le-rosh' means 'as a head', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'am' means 'a people', 'lo-yadati' means 'that I do not know', 'ya'avduni' means 'shall serve me'.
[PSA.18.45] To hear, an ear will hear me; the sons of the foreigner will deny me. [§]
Le-shema ozen yishamu li b'nei nechar yekhachshu li.
'Le-shema' means 'to hear' (literal infinitive), 'ozen' means 'ear', 'yishamu' means 'they will hear' (3rd person plural verb), 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'nechar' means 'stranger' or 'foreigner', 'yekhachshu' means 'they will deny' or 'they will lie', and the final 'li' again means 'to me' or 'against me'.
[PSA.18.46] Foreigners will be broken and cut off from their enclosures. [§]
B'nei nechar yibolu veyachregu mimisseroteihem.
'B'nei' means 'sons of', 'nechar' means 'foreigner' or 'stranger', together 'B'nei nechar' means 'sons of the foreigner' i.e., 'foreigners'. 'Yibolu' means 'they will be broken' or 'they will be cast down'. 'Veyachregu' means 'and they will be cut off' or 'and they will be shattered'. 'Mimisseroteihem' means 'from their enclosures' (plural of 'misgeret' = 'enclosure, confinement, prison').
[PSA.18.47] Living Yahveh, and blessed is my rock, and exalted are the Gods of my salvation. [§]
Chai-Yahveh uvaruch tzuri veyarum Elohei Yishe'i.
'Chai' means 'living' or 'alive', 'Yahveh' is the rendering of YHVH, 'uvaruch' means 'and blessed', 'tzuri' means 'my rock', 'veyarum' means 'and is exalted', 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'the Gods' meaning 'Gods of', and 'Yishe'i' means 'my salvation'.
[PSA.18.48] The God who gives retributions for me and subdues nations beneath me. [§]
ha'el ha-noten neqa-mot li vayadber amim tachti.
'ha'el' means 'the God'; 'ha-noten' means 'who gives' or 'the giver'; 'neqa-mot' means 'revenge' or 'retributions'; 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'; 'vayadber' means 'and (He) subdued' or 'and (He) bound'; 'amim' means 'nations' or 'peoples'; 'tachti' means 'under' or 'beneath'.
[PSA.18.49] My rescuer from my enemies, also from those who rise up against me, you will raise me; from a violent man you will save me. [§]
Mefalti me'oyvai af min-kamai teromemeni me'ish chamas tatzileni.
'Mefalti' means 'my rescuer', 'me'oyvai' means 'from my enemies', 'af' means 'also' or 'even', 'min-kamai' means 'from those who rise up against me', 'teromemeni' means 'you will raise me', 'me'ish chamas' means 'from a violent man', 'tatzileni' means 'you will save me'.
[PSA.18.50] Therefore I will thank you among the nations, Yahveh, and I will sing praise to your name. [§]
Al-ken odkha bagoyim Yahveh u-leshimkha azammerah.
'Al-ken' means 'therefore', 'odkha' means 'I will give thanks to you', 'bagoyim' means 'among the nations', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'u-leshimkha' means 'and to your name', 'azammerah' means 'I will sing praise'.
[PSA.18.51] God magnifies the salvations of his king and does kindness to his anointed, to David and to his offspring forever. [§]
Magdil yeshuot malcho ve'oseh chesed lemeshicho leDavid u'lezaro ad olam.
'Magdil' means 'magnifies', 'yeshuot' means 'salvations', 'malcho' means 'his king', 've'oseh' means 'and does/makes', 'chesed' means 'kindness' or 'steadfast love', 'lemeshicho' means 'to his anointed', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'u'lezaro' means 'and to his seed/offspring', 'ad olam' means 'forever'. The implied subject of the verse is the divine one, so it is rendered as 'God'.
PSA.19
[PSA.19.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatshech mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatshech' means 'to the chief musician', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (belonging to David).
[PSA.19.2] The heavens declare the glory of God, and the work of his hand declares the firmament. [§]
ha-shamayim mesaprim kavod El u-maaseh yadav magid ha-raqia.
'ha' means 'the', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'mesaprim' means 'declare' (plural), 'kavod' means 'glory', 'El' means 'God', 'u' means 'and', 'maaseh' means 'work', 'yadav' means 'of his hand', 'magid' means 'declares' or 'makes known', 'ha-raqia' means 'the firmament' (the sky). The verse therefore says that the heavens announce God's glory, and the work of his hand announces the firmament.
[PSA.19.3] Day after day he declares speech, and night after night he craves knowledge. [§]
Yom le-yom yavi'a omer ve-laila le-laila yechaveh da'at.
'Yom' means 'day', 'le-yom' means 'to day' or idiomatically 'day after day', 'yavi'a' means 'he will express' or 'declare', 'omer' means 'speech' or 'word', 've-laila' means 'and night', 'le-laila' means 'to night' or idiomatically 'night after night', 'yechaveh' means 'he longs for' or 'craves', 'da'at' means 'knowledge' or 'understanding'.
[PSA.19.4] There is no speech and no words without hearing their voice. [§]
Ein-omer ve-ein devarim beli nishma kolam.
'Ein' means 'there is not', 'omer' means 'speech' or 'saying', 've' means 'and', the second 'ein' also means 'there is not', 'devarim' means 'words', 'beli' means 'without', 'nishma' means 'we hear' or 'to be heard', 'kolam' means 'their voice'.
[PSA.19.5] In all the earth their line went out, and at the farthest end of the world from them toward the sun they set a tent among them. [§]
B'khol ha'aretz yatza kavam u'viketze tevel millehem la'shamash sam ohel bahem.
'B'khol' means 'in all', 'ha'aretz' means 'the earth', 'yatza' means 'went out' or 'emerged', 'kavam' means 'their line' or 'their measure', 'u'viketze' means 'and at the end of', 'tevel' means 'the world' or 'the universe', 'millehem' means 'from them' or 'their from', 'la'shamash' means 'to the sun', 'sam' means 'set' or 'placed', 'ohel' means 'a tent', 'bahem' means 'among them' or 'in them'.
[PSA.19.6] And he, like a groom stepping out from his veil, rejoices like a hero running the road. [§]
vehu kechatan yotse mechuppato yashees ke gibbor larutz orach.
'vehu' means 'and he'; 'kechatan' means 'like a groom'; 'yotse' means 'going out' or 'stepping out'; 'mechuppato' means 'from his veil'; 'yashees' means 'rejoices' or 'is glad'; 'ke' means 'like'; 'gibbor' means 'hero' or 'warrior'; 'larutz' means 'to run'; 'orach' means 'road' or 'path'.
[PSA.19.7] From the ends of the heavens its source and its time are upon their ends, and there is nothing hidden from its heat. [§]
Mikze haShamayim motzo utekupato al ketzotam ve ein nistar mechamato.
'Mikze' means 'from the ends', 'haShamayim' means 'the heavens', 'motzo' means 'its source' or 'its going out', 'utekupato' means 'and its period or time', 'al' means 'upon', 'ketzotam' means 'their ends', 've ein' means 'and there is not', 'nistar' means 'hidden', 'mechamato' means 'from its heat'.
[PSA.19.8] Yahveh's instruction is pure, restoring the soul; Yahveh's testimony is faithful, enlightening the simple. [§]
Torat Yahveh temimah meshivah nefesh, edut Yahveh ne'emanah machkimat peti.
'Torat' means 'instruction' or 'law', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'temimah' means 'pure' or 'complete', 'meshivah' means 'that restores' or 'returns', 'nefesh' means 'soul', 'edut' means 'testimony', 'ne'emanah' means 'faithful' or 'trustworthy', 'machkimat' means 'educating' or 'enlightening', and 'peti' means 'simple' or 'naïve'.
[PSA.19.9] The statutes of Yahveh are upright, bringing gladness to the heart; the command of Yahveh is pure, enlightening the eyes. [§]
Pikkudei Yahveh yesharim mesamchei-lev mitzvat Yahveh barah me'irat einayim.
'Pikkudei' means 'the statutes' or 'the precepts'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH; 'yesharim' means 'are upright' or 'are straight'; 'mesamchei-lev' means 'bringing gladness to the heart' (lit. 'joy-makers of heart'); 'mitzvat' means 'the command' or 'the commandment'; 'barah' means 'pure' or 'blameless'; 'me'irat' means 'enlightening' or 'illuminating'; 'einayim' means 'the eyes'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as 'Yahveh' throughout.
[PSA.19.10] The fear of Yahveh is pure, standing forever; the judgments of Yahveh are truth, they are righteous together. [§]
Yir'at Yahveh Tehorah Omedet La'ad Mishpetei Yahveh Emet Tzadku Yachdav.
'Yir\'at' means 'the fear (of)', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Tehorah' means 'pure', 'Omedet' means 'stands', 'La\'ad' means 'forever', 'Mishpetei Yahveh' means 'the judgments of Yahveh', 'Emet' means 'truth', 'Tzadku' means 'they are righteous' (verb in third person plural), 'Yachdav' means 'together'.
[PSA.19.11] The pleasant things are more valuable than gold, and more abundant than refined gold, and sweeter than honey, and the honey of the bee's comb. [§]
Ha-nechemidim mi-zahav u-mi-paz rav u-me-tuqim mi-dvash ve-nofet tzupim.
'Ha-nechemidim' means 'the pleasant things', 'mi-zahav' means 'than gold', 'u-mi-paz' means 'and than refined gold', 'rav' means 'abundant' or 'much', 'u-me-tuqim' means 'and sweeter', 'mi-dvash' means 'than honey', 've-nofet' means 'and the honey', 'tzupim' means 'of the bee's comb'.
[PSA.19.12] Even your servant is vigilant over them, guarding them because of great [cause]. [§]
Gam avdeka nizzahar bahem be-shamram ekav rav.
'Gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'nizzahar' means 'is vigilant' or 'watchful', 'bahem' means 'among them' or 'over them', 'be-shamram' means 'in guarding' or 'while guarding', 'ekav' means 'because of', 'rav' means 'great' or 'many'.
[PSA.19.13] Who can understand the hidden errors? Purify me. [§]
Shegiot mi-yavin min-nistarot naqqeni.
'Shegiot' means 'mistakes' or 'errors', 'mi' means 'who', 'yavin' means 'understands' or 'discerns', 'min-nistarot' means 'from hidden things' or 'from the secret', 'naqqeni' means 'purify me' or 'cleanse me'.
[PSA.19.14] Also from the wicked darkness, O God, your servant, may they not rule over me; then they are, and I will be cleansed from great sin. [§]
Gam mezdim chasoch avdecha al yimshlu bi az eitam venikeiti mipesha rav.
'Gam' means 'also', 'mezdim' means 'from the wicked' or 'wicked ones', 'chasoch' means 'darkness', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'al' is the name of God and is translated as 'God', 'yimshlu' means 'they will rule', 'bi' means 'over me', 'az' means 'then', 'eitam' means 'they', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'nikeiti' means 'I will be cleansed', 'mi' means 'from', 'pesha' means 'sin', 'rav' means 'great' or 'many'.
[PSA.19.15] May the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be acceptable before you, Yahveh, my rock and my redeemer. [§]
Yih'eyu le-ratzon imrei pi ve-hegayon libi lefanekha Yahveh tzuri ve-go'ali.
'Yih'eyu' means 'may they be', 'le-ratzon' means 'acceptable', 'imrei pi' means 'the words of my mouth', 've-hegayon' means 'and the meditation', 'libi' means 'of my heart', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'tzuri' means 'my rock', and 've-go'ali' means 'and my redeemer'.
PSA.20
[PSA.20.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatshech mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatshech' means 'to the chief musician', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (belonging to David).
[PSA.20.2] Yahveh will answer you in the day of trouble; the name of the God of Jacob will protect you. [§]
Ya'ancha Yahveh b'yom tsarah yeshagvecha shem Elohei Yaakov.
'Ya'ancha' means 'will answer you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'b'yom' means 'in the day', 'tsarah' means 'trouble', 'yeshagvecha' means 'will protect you', 'shem' means 'name', 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob'.
[PSA.20.3] He will send your help from the holy place, and from Zion he will support you. [§]
yishlach-ezercha mikodesh u-mitziyyon yis'adekha.
'yishlach' means 'he will send', 'ezercha' means 'your help', 'mikodesh' means 'from the holy (place)', 'u-' means 'and', 'mitziyyon' means 'Zion', 'yis'adekha' means 'he will support you'.
[PSA.20.4] May He remember all your gifts and your burnt offering, and He will cause it to bring gladness, Selah. [§]
Yizkor kol-minchotecha ve'olatkha yedashneh selah.
'Yizkor' means 'he will remember' (jussive form). 'Kol' means 'all'. 'Minchotecha' is the construct form of 'minchah' meaning 'gift' or 'offering' with the second‑person singular masculine possessive suffix, so 'your gifts/offerings'. 'Ve' means 'and'. 'Olatkha' is 'olah' meaning 'burnt offering' with the same possessive suffix, so 'your burnt offering'. 'Yedashneh' comes from the root 'dash' meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad', in a third‑person singular form meaning 'he will cause to rejoice' or 'he will make glad'. 'Selah' is a liturgical musical term left untranslated. The verse is a petition that God will recall the worshiper's sacrificial gifts and that this remembrance will bring joy.
[PSA.20.5] He will give you according to your heart, and He will fill all your counsel. [§]
Yitten lekha kilvavekha vechol atzatekha yimmale.
'Yitten' means 'He will give', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'kilvavekha' means 'according to your heart', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'atzatekha' means 'your counsel', 'yimmale' means 'He will fill'.
[PSA.20.6] We will rejoice in your salvation, and in the name of our Gods we will sing. May Yahveh fulfill all your requests. [§]
Nerannenah bishuatecha uveshem Eloheinu nidgol yemale Yahveh kol mishalotecha.
'Nerannenah' means 'we will rejoice'; 'bishuatecha' means 'in your salvation'; 'uveshem' means 'and in the name of'; 'Eloheinu' is the Hebrew for 'our Elohim', and according to the literal rule 'Elohim' is rendered as 'the Gods', so here it becomes 'our Gods'; 'nidgol' means 'we will sing' or 'we will praise'; 'yemale' means 'will fulfill' or 'will fill'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH; 'kol' means 'all'; 'mishalotecha' means 'your requests' or 'your desires'.
[PSA.20.7] Now I know that Yahveh will save his Messiah; he will answer him from his holy heavens; with mighty deeds his right hand will save. [§]
Atta yada'ti ki hoshia Yahveh meshicho ya'anehu mishmei kadscho bigvorot yesha yemin
'Atta' means 'now', 'yada'ti' means 'I know', 'ki' means 'that', 'hoshia' means 'will save', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'meshicho' means 'his Messiah', 'ya'anehu' means 'he will answer him', 'mishmei' means 'from the heavens of', 'kadscho' means 'his holy', 'bigvorot' means 'with mighty deeds/strength', 'yesha' means 'will save', 'yemin' means 'right hand'.
[PSA.20.8] These (people) are in the charits, and these (people) are on the horses, and we, in the name of Yahveh our God, proclaim. [§]
eleh barechev veeleh basusim vaanachnu beshem Yahveh Eloheinu nazkir.
'eleh' means 'these', 'barechev' means 'in the chariots', 'veeleh' means 'and these', 'basusim' means 'on the horses', 'vaanachnu' means 'and we', 'beshem' means 'in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Eloheinu' means 'our God' (Elohim = the Gods, here singular construct), 'nazkir' means 'we proclaim' or 'we declare'.
[PSA.20.9] They bowed and fell, but we rose and rejoiced. [§]
Hemmah kareu ve-nafalu va-anachnu kamnu va-nitodad.
'Hemmah' means 'they', 'kareu' means 'bowed' or 'crouched', 've-nafalu' means 'and fell', 'va-anachnu' means 'and we', 'kamnu' means 'rose' or 'stood up', 'va-nitodad' means 'and rejoiced' or 'exulted'.
[PSA.20.10] Yahveh, save! The King will answer us on the day we called. [§]
Yahveh hoshia ha melech yaaneinu be yom karaenu.
'Yahveh' is the literal name of God (YHVH). 'hoshia' means 'save' in the imperative. 'ha' is the article 'the'. 'melech' means 'king'. 'yaaneinu' means 'will answer us'. 'be' means 'in' or 'on'. 'yom' means 'day'. 'karaenu' means 'we called' or 'we have called'.
PSA.21
[PSA.21.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatshech mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatshech' means 'to the chief musician', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (belonging to David).
[PSA.21.2] Yahveh, by your strength the king will rejoice, and in your salvation how greatly he will rejoice. [§]
Yahveh be'azkha yismach-melekh u'vishuatkha mah-yagel meod.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'be'azkha' means 'by your strength', with 'be' meaning 'by' and 'azkha' meaning 'your strength'. 'yismach-melekh' means 'the king will rejoice', where 'yismach' is 'will rejoice' and 'melekh' is 'king'. 'u'vishuatkha' means 'and in your salvation', with 'u' meaning 'and', 'vishuatkha' meaning 'your salvation'. 'mah-yagel meod' means 'how greatly he will rejoice', where 'mah' is 'how', 'yagel' is 'he will rejoice', and 'meod' is 'greatly'.
[PSA.21.3] You gave him the desire of his heart, and you have not restrained the curse of his lips, Selah. [§]
Taavat libbo natata lo vaareshet sfatav bal manata selah.
'Taavat' means 'desire', 'libbo' means 'his heart', 'natata' means 'you gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 'vaareshet' means 'and the curse', 'sfatav' means 'of his lips', 'bal' means 'not', 'manata' means 'you restrained', 'selah' is a musical / liturgical pause.
[PSA.21.4] For Yahveh will bring him forward with good blessings and will place on his head a crown of peacock. [§]
Ki-tekaddemenu birchot tov tashit le-rosho ateret paz.
'Ki' means 'for', 'tekaddemenu' means 'you will bring forward him' (addressed to Yahveh), 'birchot' means 'with blessings', 'tov' means 'good', 'tashit' means 'you will place', 'le-rosho' means 'on his head', 'ateret' means 'crown', 'paz' means 'peacock' (a bird whose feathers were used as a decorative crown).
[PSA.21.5] Life you asked for from you gave to him a long span of days, forever and ever. [§]
Chayim sha'al mimmekha natata lo orekh yamim olam va'ed.
'Chayim' means 'life', 'sha'al' means 'asked' or 'requested', 'mimmekha' means 'from you', 'natata' means 'you gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 'orekh' means 'length' or 'long', 'yamim' means 'days', 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'forever', 'va'ed' means 'and until' or 'forever'.
[PSA.21.6] Great is his glory in your salvation; honor and splendor you will make equal upon him. [§]
Gadol kevoodo bishu' techa hod vehadar teshaveh alav.
'Gadol' means 'great', 'kevoodo' means 'his glory', 'bishu' techa' means 'in your salvation', 'hod' means 'honor', 'vehadar' means 'and splendor', 'teshaveh' means 'you will make equal' (from the root shav meaning 'to be even, equal'), 'alav' means 'upon him' or 'over him'.
[PSA.21.7] Because you will set him in blessings forever, you will make him rejoice with gladness before you. [§]
ki teshitehu berachot la'ad techadehu be-simcha et panecha.
'ki' means 'because', 'teshitehu' means 'you will set him', 'berachot' means 'blessings', 'la'ad' means 'forever', 'techadehu' means 'you will make him rejoice', 'be-simcha' means 'with gladness', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'panecha' means 'before you' (literally 'your face').
[PSA.21.8] For the king trusts in Yahveh and in the kindness of the Most High, he will not be shaken. [§]
kee ha-meh-lekh bo-teh-akh ba-yahveh oo-veh-chesed e-lyon bal yi-mot.
'kee' means 'for', 'ha-meh-lekh' means 'the king', 'bo-teh-akh' means 'trusts', 'ba-yahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'oo-veh-chesed' means 'and in the kindness', 'e-lyon' means 'the Most High', 'bal' means 'not', 'yi-mot' means 'will be moved' or 'will be shaken'.
[PSA.21.9] Your hand will find all your enemies; your right hand will find your haters. [§]
Timtsa yadkha lechol oyveikha yeminkha timtsa soneikha.
'Timtsa' means 'you will find', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'lechol' means 'to all', 'oyveikha' means 'your enemies', 'yeminkha' means 'your right hand', 'soneikha' means 'your haters'.
[PSA.21.10] You will set them like a furnace of fire at the time of your face, Yahveh; in his anger he will swallow them and eat them with fire. [§]
Teshit'emo ke-tannur esh le'et panecha Yahveh be'apo yebal'lem ve'tochlem esh.
'Teshit'emo' means 'you will set them', 'ke-tannur' means 'like a furnace', 'esh' means 'fire', 'le'et' means 'at the time', 'panecha' means 'your face', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHWH, 'be'apo' means 'in his anger', 'yebal'lem' means 'he will swallow them', 've'tochlem' means 'and he will eat them', 'esh' means 'fire'.
[PSA.21.11] Its fruit will be destroyed from the earth, and its seed among the children of man. [§]
Pir-yamo me'eretz te'aved ve-zaram mi-b'nei adam.
'Pir-yamo' means 'its fruit', 'me'eretz' means 'from the earth', 'te'aved' means 'will be destroyed' or 'perished', 've-zaram' means 'and its seed', 'mi-b'nei' means 'from the children of' or 'among the offspring of', 'adam' means 'man' or 'human beings'. The phrase describes the fate of both the fruit and the descendants.
[PSA.21.12] For they have directed evil against you; they plotted a conspiracy that they will not be able to carry out. [§]
ki-natu alecha ra'ah chashvu mezimah bal-yuklu.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'natu' means 'they have stretched' or 'thrown', here idiomatically 'they have directed', 'alecha' means 'against you' (masculine singular), 'ra'ah' means 'evil' or 'harm', 'chashvu' means 'they thought' or 'they plotted', 'mezimah' means 'a plot' or 'conspiracy', 'bal' means 'not' and 'yuklu' means 'they will be able'. The phrase 'bal-yuklu' therefore expresses that the plotted scheme will not succeed.
[PSA.21.13] Because you will place them, your shelter, you will establish upon their faces. [§]
ki tashimu shekhem be-meitar'echa tekhohen al-peneyhem.
'ki' means 'because', 'tashimu' means 'you will place' (second person plural), 'shekhem' means 'your' (plural masculine), 'be-meitar'echa' means 'in your shelter' (meitar = shelter, -echa = your), 'tekhohen' means 'you will establish' or 'you will set firmly', 'al-peneyhem' means 'upon their faces' (peney = face, -hem = their).
[PSA.21.14] Exalt, Yahveh, with your strength; we will sing and we will chant your might. [§]
Ruma Yahveh be'uzecha nashira u'nezammerah gevuratekha.
'Ruma' means 'exalt' or 'raise up'; 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH; 'be'uzecha' means 'with your strength'; 'nashira' means 'we will sing'; 'u'nezammerah' means 'and we will chant' or 'make music together'; 'gevuratekha' means 'your might' or 'your power'.
PSA.22
[PSA.22.1] To the chief musician, upon the doe of the dawn, a Psalm of David. [§]
lamenatzeach al ayyelet hashachar mizmor leDavid
'lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician' or 'for the overseer of music', 'al' means 'upon' or 'according to', 'ayyelet' means 'doe' (female deer), 'hashachar' means 'the dawn' or 'the morning', 'mizmor' means 'a song' or 'psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David' or 'by David'.
[PSA.22.2] My God, my God, why have you forsaken me, far from my salvation, the words of my longing. [§]
Eli Eli lama azavtani rachok mishuati divrei shaagati.
'Eli' means 'my God' (El = God, -i = my). The phrase is repeated for emphasis. 'lama' means 'why'. 'azavtani' is a verb meaning 'you have forsaken/abandoned me'. 'rachok' means 'far' or 'far away'. 'mishuati' means 'from my salvation' (mishuat = salvation, -i = my). 'divrei' is the plural construct form of 'davar', meaning 'the words of'. 'shaagati' means 'my longing' or 'my desire' (shaagat = longing, -i = my).
[PSA.22.3] My God I call by day and you do not answer; by night you do not sleep for me. [§]
Elohai ekra yomam ve'lo ta'aneh ve-laylah ve'lo dumiyah li.
'Elohai' means 'my God', 'ekra' means 'I call', 'yomam' means 'by day', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'ta'aneh' means 'you answer', 've-laylah' means 'and by night', 've'lo' again means 'and not', 'dumiyah' means 'you rest or sleep', 'li' means 'for me'.
[PSA.22.4] And you, Holy One, who dwells in the praises of Israel. [§]
ve'atta kadosh yoshev tehillot Yisrael.
've' means 'and', 'atta' means 'you', 'kadosh' means 'holy', 'yoshev' is a participle meaning 'sitting' or 'dwelling', 'tehillot' is the plural noun meaning 'praises', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'. The clause addresses the Holy One who dwells among the praises of Israel.
[PSA.22.5] In you our fathers trusted; they trusted, and you saved them. [§]
Beka bat'chu avoteinu bat'chu vatefaltem.
'Beka' means 'in you', 'bat'chu' means 'they trusted', 'avoteinu' means 'our fathers', the second 'bat'chu' repeats 'they trusted', and 'vatefaltem' means 'and you saved them'.
[PSA.22.6] To God they cried out and were saved; in You they trusted and were not ashamed. [§]
Elecha zaaku venimlatu becha batochu ve'lo boshu.
'Elecha' means 'to God' (El = God, -cha = you), 'zaaku' means 'they cried out', 'venimlatu' means 'and they were saved', 'becha' means 'in you' (referring to God), 'batochu' means 'they trusted', 've'lo boshu' means 'and not ashamed'.
[PSA.22.7] And I am a worm and not a man, a disgrace of a man and a contempt of a people. [§]
ve'anokhi tola'at ve'lo ish cherpat adam u'vezui am.
've' means 'and', 'anokhi' means 'I', 'tola'at' means 'worm' (or 'scab'), 've' again means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'ish' means 'man', 'cherpat' means 'shame' or 'disgrace', 'adam' means 'man', 'u' means 'and', 'bezui' means 'contempt' or 'despised', 'am' means 'people' or 'nation'.
[PSA.22.8] All my sight shall tremble for me; they will cast away with the tongue, they will move the head. [§]
Kol-ro'ei yal'agu li yaf'tiru be-safa yan'iu rosh.
'Kol' means 'all', 'ro'ei' means 'my seeing' or 'my sight', 'yal'agu' means 'they will be terrified' or 'they will tremble', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'yaf'tiru' means 'they will cast away' or 'they will release', 'be-safa' means 'with the tongue' or 'in language', 'yan'iu' means 'they will move' or 'they will cause to move', 'rosh' means 'head'.
[PSA.22.9] Redeemer Yahveh will rescue him, he will save him, because he delights in him. [§]
Goel Yahveh yefaltehu yatzilehu ki chafetz bo.
'Goel' means 'Redeemer', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'yefaltehu' means 'he will rescue him', 'yatzilehu' means 'he will save him', 'ki' means 'because', 'chafetz' means 'he delights', 'bo' means 'in him'.
[PSA.22.10] For you are my womb, my promise from the womb upon my mother's breasts. [§]
ki atta gochi mibbaten mavtichi al shdei immi.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'atta' means 'you', 'gochi' means 'my womb', 'mibbaten' means 'from the womb', 'mavtichi' means 'my promise', 'al' means 'upon', 'shdei' means 'the breasts', 'immi' means 'my mother'.
[PSA.22.11] I have cast you out from the womb, from my mother's belly, you are my God. [§]
Alécha hashlaktí merachém mibéten immi Eli atah.
'Alécha' means 'upon you' or 'to you', 'hashlaktí' means 'I have cast', 'merachém' means 'from the womb', 'mibéten' means 'from the belly', 'immi' means 'my mother', 'Eli' means 'my God', 'atah' means 'you are'.
[PSA.22.12] Do not distance yourself from me, for trouble is near, for there is no helper. [§]
Al tircheq mimeni ki tzara kerovah ki ein ozer.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tircheq' means 'distance yourself', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'ki' means 'for', 'tzara' means 'trouble', 'kerovah' means 'near', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'ozer' means 'helper'.
[PSA.22.13] Surround me, many cattle, the fat of the mighty, cut me. [§]
sevavuni parim rabbim avirei bashan kiteruni.
'sevavuni' means 'surround me' or 'encircle me', 'parim' means 'cattle' or 'young bulls', 'rabbim' means 'many' or 'great in number', 'avirei' is a construct form of 'abir' meaning 'mighty' or 'strong', so 'avirei' conveys 'mighty ones of', 'bashan' means 'fat' or 'richness', often understood as 'the fat of the strong', and 'kiteruni' is from the root 'katar' meaning 'to cut', so it means 'cut me' or 'tear me apart'.
[PSA.22.14] They opened their mouths against me, a lion that tears and devours. [§]
Patzu alai piham aryeh toref v'shoeg.
'Patzu' means 'they opened', 'alai' means 'on me' or 'against me', 'piham' means 'their mouths', 'aryeh' means 'lion', 'toref' means 'ripping, tearing', 'v'shoeg' means 'and devouring'.
[PSA.22.15] Like water I was poured out and my bones were scattered; my heart was like a donkey melted within me. [§]
ka-mayim nishpa-khti ve-hitpar-du kol a-tsmotai hayah li-vi ka-donag na-mes be-tokh me-ayi.
'ka-mayim' means 'as water', 'nishpa-khti' means 'I was poured out', 've-hitpar-du' means 'and they were scattered', 'kol a-tsmotai' means 'all my bones', 'hayah' means 'was', 'li-vi' means 'my heart', 'ka-donag' means 'like a donkey' (a literal animal comparison), 'na-mes' means 'melted' or 'dissolved', 'be-tokh' means 'within', 'me-ayi' means 'my [inner] being' (the phrase is idiomatic and its precise object is unclear).
[PSA.22.16] My strength will be dried like a potter, and my tongue is stuck to the palate, and the dust of death will test me. [§]
Yabesh kacheres kochi uleshoni mudbak malqochai velaafar mavet tishpeteni.
'Yabesh' means 'will be dried', 'kacheres' means 'like a potter', 'kochi' means 'my strength', 'uleshoni' means 'and my tongue', 'mudbak' means 'stuck', 'malqochai' means 'to the palate', 've' is a conjunction 'and', 'laafar' means 'to the dust', 'mavet' means 'of death', 'tishpeteni' means 'will test me' (or 'will try me').
[PSA.22.17] For they have surrounded me like dogs, a company of evildoers; they have encircled me like a lion, my hands and my feet. [§]
Ki sevavuni kelevim adat mereim hikkipuni ka'ari yaday ve raglay.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'sevavuni' means 'they have surrounded me', 'kelevim' means 'like dogs', 'adat' means 'a company' or 'assembly', 'mereim' means 'evildoers', 'hikkipuni' means 'they have encircled me', 'ka'ari' means 'like a lion', 'yaday' means 'my hands', 've' means 'and', 'raglay' means 'my feet'.
[PSA.22.18] I will count all my bones; they will look and fear me. [§]
Asapper kol atzamotai hemmah yabbitu yirau bi.
'Asapper' means 'I will count', 'kol' means 'all', 'atzamotai' means 'my bones', 'hemmah' means 'they', 'yabbitu' means 'they will look', 'yirau' means 'they will fear', 'bi' means 'in me' or 'because of me'.
[PSA.22.19] They shall divide my garments for them, and they will cast lots upon my clothing. [§]
yechalku be-gadi lahem ve'al levushi yafilu goral.
'yechalku' means 'they shall divide', 'be-gadi' means 'my garments', 'lahem' means 'for them', 've'al' means 'and upon', 'levushi' means 'my clothing', 'yafilu' means 'they will cast', 'goral' means 'lots'.
[PSA.22.20] And Yahveh, do not be distant; my help, to my aid, quickly. [§]
veatta Yahveh al-tirchak eyaluti le'ezrati chusha
'veatta' means 'and you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al-tirchak' means 'do not be distant', 'eyaluti' is a form of the noun meaning 'my help' or 'my support', 'le'ezrati' means 'to my help' or 'for my assistance', and 'chusha' is an imperative meaning 'quickly' or 'swiftly'.
[PSA.22.21] Save my soul from the sword, from the hand of the dog, my only one. [§]
hatsila mecherav nafshi miyad kelev yechidati.
'hatsila' means 'save' (imperative singular); 'mecherav' means 'from the sword'; 'nafshi' means 'my soul'; 'miyad' means 'from the hand of'; 'kelev' means 'dog'; 'yechidati' means 'my only (one)' or 'my sole one'.
[PSA.22.22] Save me from the mouth of the lion and from the horns of the wild goats; you have answered me. [§]
Hoshi'eni mip pi aryeh u-mikarnay remim anitani.
'Hoshi'eni' means 'save me', 'mip' means 'from', 'pi' means 'the mouth', 'aryeh' means 'lion', 'u' means 'and', 'mikarnay' means 'from the horns', 'remim' means 'wild goats' (or 'rams'), 'anitani' means 'you have answered me'.
[PSA.22.23] I will recount your name to my brothers within the assembly; I will praise you. [§]
Asaprah shimkha le'echai betoch kahal ahallelkha.
'Asaprah' means 'I will recount', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'le'echai' means 'to my brothers', 'betoch' means 'within' or 'in the midst of', 'kahal' means 'the assembly' or 'congregation', 'ahallelkha' means 'I will praise you'.
[PSA.22.24] Fear Yahveh, praise him; all the seed of Jacob honor him, and turn away from him, all the seed of Israel. [§]
Yirei Yahveh halleluhu kol-zerah Ya'akov kabeduhu ve-guru mimenu kol-zerah Yisrael.
'Yirei' means 'fear' (imperative plural), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHWH, 'halleluhu' means 'praise him', 'kol-zerah' means 'all seed' or 'all offspring', 'Ya'akov' is the name Jacob, 'kabeduhu' means 'honor him', 've-guru' means 'and turn away', 'mimenu' means 'from him', 'Yisrael' is the name Israel.
[PSA.22.25] For he did not despise, and did not reject the humility of the poor, and did not conceal his face from me, and in his anguish he heard to God. [§]
Ki lo-bazah ve-lo shikkatz enoot ani ve-lo hestir panav mimmenu uv'shav'o elav shama.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo-bazah' means 'did not despise', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'shikkatz' means 'reject' or 'consider as detestable', 'enoot' means 'humility', 'ani' means 'the poor', 've-lo hestir' means 'and did not conceal', 'panav' means 'his face', 'mimmenu' means 'from me', 'uv'shav'o' means 'in his anguish/anger', 'elav' contains the divine name 'El' and is therefore rendered 'to God', and 'shama' means 'heard' or 'listened'. The verse is rendered literally, with the divine name 'El' translated as 'God' as instructed.
[PSA.22.26] From you my praise in a great assembly, my vow I will fulfill before those who fear God. [§]
mei-ittecha tehillati bekohal rav nedari ashalem neged yereav.
'mei-ittecha' means 'from you', 'tehillati' means 'my praise', 'bekohal' means 'in the assembly', 'rav' means 'great' or 'many', 'nedari' means 'my vow', 'ashalem' means 'I will fulfill/pay', 'neged' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'yereav' means 'those who fear Him' where 'Him' refers to God and is rendered as 'God' according to the literal translation rule.
[PSA.22.27] The humble will eat and be satisfied; they will praise Yahveh, those who seek Him; He will keep your heart alive forever. [§]
Yo'echlu anavim ve-yisba'u yehal'lu Yahveh dorshav yechi levavchem la'ad.
'Yo'echlu' means 'they will eat', 'anavim' means 'the humble (people)', 've-yisba\'u' means 'and they will be satisfied', 'yehal'lu' means 'they will praise', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'dorshav' means 'those who seek Him', 'yechi' means 'He will live/keep alive', 'levavchem' means 'your heart', and 'la\'ad' means 'forever'.
[PSA.22.28] Let them remember and turn back to Yahveh, all the ends of the earth, and let all the families of the nations bow before You. [§]
Yizkeru ve-yashuvu el-Yahveh kol-afsei-aretz ve-yishtachavu lefanekha kol-mishpachot goyim.
'Yizkeru' means 'they will remember', 've' means 'and', 'yashuvu' means 'they will return' or 'turn back', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'kol' means 'all', 'afsei' means 'ends' or 'extremities', 'aretz' means 'earth', 've' again means 'and', 'yishtachavu' means 'they will bow' or 'worship', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'kol' again means 'all', 'mishpachot' means 'families' or 'households', 'goyim' means 'nations' or 'peoples'.
[PSA.22.29] For to Yahveh belongs the kingdom, and He rules over the nations. [§]
Ki laYahveh haMelukah uMoshel baGoyim.
'Ki' means 'for', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'haMelukah' means 'the kingdom', 'uMoshel' means 'and He rules' (from the verb mashal), 'baGoyim' means 'among the nations' or 'over the nations'.
[PSA.22.30] They ate and bowed down; all the peoples of the earth before Yahveh will bow, all those who go down to dust, and his soul will not be alive. [§]
Akhelu vayyishtachavu kol-dishnei eretz lefanav yikreh kol-yordei afar ve-naphso lo chiya.
'Akhelu' means 'they ate', 'vayyishtachavu' means 'and they bowed down', 'kol-dishnei' means 'all the two sides' (idiom for 'all peoples'), 'eretz' means 'the earth', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'yikreh' means 'they will bow', 'kol-yordei' means 'all those who go down', 'afar' means 'dust', 've-naphso' means 'and his soul', 'lo' means 'not', 'chiya' means 'alive'. The pronoun 'him' in 'lefanav' refers to the divine name YHVH, which is rendered as 'Yahveh'.
[PSA.22.31] The seed will serve him; it will be counted to my Lord for the generation. [§]
Zera ya'avdenu yesuppar laAdonai lador.
'Zera' means 'seed' or 'offspring', 'ya'avdenu' means 'he will serve him', 'yesuppar' means 'will be counted' or 'will be numbered', 'laAdonai' means 'to my Lord' (Adonai is rendered as 'my Lord'), 'lador' means 'for the generation'.
[PSA.22.32] They will come and proclaim his righteousness to the newborn people, because he has done it. [§]
Yavo ve'yagidu tzedkato le'am nolad ki asah.
'Yavo' means 'they will come', 've' means 'and', 'yagidu' means 'they will proclaim', 'tzedkato' means 'his righteousness', 'le'am' means 'to the people', 'nolad' means 'newborn' or 'born', 'ki' means 'because', 'asah' means 'he did' or 'he has made'.
PSA.23
[PSA.23.1] Psalm of David. Yahveh my shepherd, I will not lack. [§]
Mizmor leDavid Yahveh ro'i lo echsar.
'Mizmor' means 'Psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'ro'i' means 'my shepherd', 'lo' means 'not', 'echsar' means 'I will lack' or 'I will be in want'.
[PSA.23.2] Yahveh makes me lie down in pastures of grass; by waters of rest He leads me. [§]
Bin'ot deshe yarbitzeni al-mei menucha yenahaleni.
'Bin'ot' means 'in the pastures', 'deshe' means 'grass', 'yarbitzeni' means 'will make me lie down', 'al-mei' means 'by the waters of', 'menucha' means 'rest', 'yenahaleni' means 'will lead me'. The verb forms are directed toward Yahveh, the God of Israel.
[PSA.23.3] My soul He restores; He leads me in the paths of righteousness for Yahveh's name. [§]
Nafshi yeshovev yancheni be ma'aglei tzedek le ma'an shemo.
'Nafshi' means 'my soul', 'yeshovev' means 'restores' or 'revives', 'yancheni' means 'He will guide me', 'be' is the preposition 'in', 'ma'aglei' means 'paths' or 'ways', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness', 'le' is a preposition 'for', 'ma'an' means 'the sake of' or 'purpose', 'shemo' means 'his name' which refers to YHVH and is therefore rendered as 'Yahveh's name'.
[PSA.23.4] Even though I walk in the valley of death, I will not fear evil, for you are with me; your rod and your support will comfort me. [§]
Gam ki elech begei tzalmawet lo ira ra ki ata imadi shivtekha u-mish'anetkha hemmah yenachamuni.
'Gam' means 'even', 'ki' means 'though', 'elech' means 'I walk', 'b'gei' means 'in the valley', 'tzalmawet' means 'of death', 'lo' means 'not', 'ira' means 'fear', 'ra' means 'evil', 'ki' means 'for', 'ata' means 'you', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'shivtekha' means 'your rod', 'u-mish'anetkha' means 'and your support', 'hemmah' means 'they', 'yenachamuni' means 'comfort me'.
[PSA.23.5] You will prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies; you have anointed my head with oil; my cup is overflowing. [§]
Ta'aroch lefanai shulchan neged tzorerai, dishanta bashmen roshi, kosi revayah.
"Ta'aroch" means "you will prepare/arrange", "lefana'i" means "before me", "shulchan" means "table", "neged" means "in the presence of" or "against", "tzorerai" means "my enemies", "dishanta" means "you have anointed", "bashmen" means "with oil", "roshi" means "my head", "kosi" means "my cup", "revayah" means "is full/overflowing".
[PSA.23.6] Only good and lovingkindness will pursue me all the days of my life, and I will dwell in the house of Yahveh forever. [§]
Ach tov va-chesed yird'funi kol-yemei chayai ve-shavti be-beit-Yahveh le-orekh yamim.
'Ach' means 'only' or 'just', 'tov' means 'good', 'va-chesed' means 'and lovingkindness/mercy', 'yird'funi' means 'will pursue' or 'will chase after me', 'kol-yemei' means 'all the days of', 'chayai' means 'my life', 've-shavti' means 'and I will dwell/return', 'be-beit-Yahveh' means 'in the house of Yahveh' (YHVH translated as Yahveh), 'le-orekh' means 'for a length of', 'yamim' means 'days' (i.e., forever).
PSA.24
[PSA.24.1] The earth and its fullness, the world and all who dwell in it, belong to Yahveh. [§]
LeDavid mizmor laYahveh haaretz umelohah tevel veyoshvei bah.
'LeDavid' means 'of David', 'mizmor' means 'a song' or 'psalm', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (indicating belonging), 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'umelohah' means 'and its fullness', 'tevel' means 'the world', 'veyoshvei' means 'and those who dwell', 'bah' means 'in it'.
[PSA.24.2] For he is over the seas and established them, and over the rivers he will direct them. [§]
ki hu al yamim yesadaha ve al neharot yechonnenah.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'hu' means 'he', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'yamim' means 'seas' (plural of sea), 'yesadaha' means 'he established' or 'he founded' (feminine object implied), 've' means 'and', 'neharot' means 'rivers' (plural), 'yechonnenah' means 'he will direct' or 'he will set in order' (feminine object implied).
[PSA.24.3] Who will ascend the mountain of Yahveh, and who will arise in his holy place. [§]
Mi yaaleh behar Yahveh u mi yaqom bimekom kadosho.
'Mi' means 'who', 'yaaleh' means 'will ascend', 'behar' means 'on the mountain', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'u' means 'and', 'mi' means 'who' again, 'yaqum' means 'will arise' or 'stand', 'bimekom' means 'in the place', 'kadosho' means 'his holy' (referring to the holy place of the Lord).
[PSA.24.4] Pure hands and a pure heart which have not taken my soul in vain nor sworn deceit. [§]
Ne-kee kaf-fa-yim u-var le-vaav a-sher lo na-sa la-shav naf-shi ve-lo nish-ba le-mir-mah.
'Ne-kee' means 'pure', 'kaf-fa-yim' means 'hands', 'u-var' means 'and (a) son' or figuratively 'and (a) pure', 'le-vaav' means 'of the heart', 'a-sher' means 'that' or 'which', 'lo' means 'not', 'na-sa' means 'to bear' or 'to take', 'la-shav' means 'in vain' or 'falsely', 'naf-shi' means 'my soul', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'nish-ba' means 'to swear', 'le-mir-mah' means 'to deceit' or 'to falsehood'.
[PSA.24.5] He will raise a blessing from Yahveh and righteousness from the Gods of his salvation. [§]
Yissa berakah me'et Yahveh u'tzedakah me'Elohei Yish'o.
'Yissa' means 'will lift' or 'will raise', 'berakah' means 'blessing', 'me\'et' means 'from', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'u' is the conjunction 'and', 'tzedakah' means 'righteousness', 'me' is the preposition 'from', 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'the Gods', and 'Yish'o' means 'of his salvation' (the name of a deity or person whose salvation is invoked).
[PSA.24.6] This generation who seeks Him, seekers of your face, Jacob, Selah. [§]
Zeh dor dorshav mebaksei panecha Yaakov Selah.
'Zeh' means 'this', 'dor' means 'generation' or 'age', 'dorshav' means 'who seeks Him' (dorshav from the verb darash 'to seek' with third‑person singular masculine suffix), 'mebaksei' means 'those who seek' (participle of bakash 'to seek'), 'panecha' means 'your face' (addressed to God), 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob, 'Selah' is a musical/ liturgical term retained as is.
[PSA.24.7] Lift up, gates, your heads; and be lifted up, openings of the world; and may the King of glory come. [§]
Se'u she'arim rash'eichem ve'hanas'u pit'chei olam ve'yavo melech hakavod.
'Se'u' means 'Lift up', 'she'arim' means 'gates', 'rash'eichem' means 'your heads', 've'hanas'u' means 'and be lifted up', 'pit'chei' means 'openings' or 'entrances', 'olam' means 'world' or 'forever', 've'yavo' means 'and may come', 'melech' means 'king', 'hakavod' means 'the glory' (or 'the honor').
[PSA.24.8] Who is this King of glory, Yahveh, the Mighty One and Warrior, Yahveh, a Warrior of war. [§]
Mi zeh melekh hakavod Yahveh izuz ve gibor Yahveh gibor milchamah.
'Mi' means 'who', 'zeh' means 'this', 'melekh' means 'king', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'kavod' means 'glory' or 'honor', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'izuz' means 'strength' or 'might', 've' means 'and', 'gibor' means 'mighty one' or 'warrior', the second 'Yahveh' again stands for the name of God, the second 'gibor' repeats 'mighty one', and 'milchamah' means 'war' or 'battle'.
[PSA.24.9] Lift up the gates, O heads; and lift up the everlasting openings, that the King of Glory may come. [§]
Seoo shearim rashekh em useeoo pitechay olam veyavo melekh hakavod.
'Seoo' means 'lift up' (imperative). 'Shearim' means 'gates'. 'Rashekh em' means 'your heads' (literally 'your heads'). 'Useeoo' means 'and lift up'. 'Pitechay' means 'openings' or 'entrances of'. 'Olam' means 'world' or 'eternity', here indicating 'everlasting'. 'Veyavo' means 'and may come'. 'Melekh' means 'king'. 'Hakavod' means 'the glory' or 'the honor', here used as a title 'the King of Glory'.
[PSA.24.10] Who is this, the king of the glory Yahveh of hosts? He is the king of the glory. Selah. [§]
Mi hu zeh melekh hakavod Yahveh tzevaot hu melekh hakavod Selah.
'Mi' means 'who', 'hu' means 'he/this', 'zeh' means 'this', 'melekh' means 'king', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'kavod' means 'glory', so 'ha kavod' is 'the glory', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'tzevaot' means 'hosts' (armies), together 'Yahveh tzevaot' means 'Yahveh of hosts', the second 'hu' repeats 'he', the second 'melekh ha kavod' repeats 'king of the glory', and 'Selah' is a liturgical pause marker left untranslated.
PSA.25
[PSA.25.1] To David, to you Yahveh, I will lift up my soul. [§]
Le-David eh-ley-kha Yahveh naf-shee esh-ah.
'Le-David' means 'to David', 'eh-ley-kha' means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'naf-shee' means 'my soul', 'esh-ah' means 'I will lift up'.
[PSA.25.2] My God, in you I trusted; let me not be ashamed, let my enemies not rise against me. [§]
Elohai becha batachti al-evosha al-yaalzu oyvai li.
'Elohai' means 'my God', 'becha' means 'in you', 'batachti' means 'I trusted', 'al-evosha' means 'let not I be ashamed', 'al-yaalzu' means 'let not they rise/boast', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'li' means 'against me'.
[PSA.25.3] Even all your hopes shall not be ashamed; the betrayers are in vain. [§]
Gam kolkoveikha lo yevshu yevshu ha-bogdim reikam.
'Gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'kolkoveikha' means 'all your hopes', 'lo' means 'not', 'yevshu' means 'shall be ashamed' (first occurrence), the second 'yevshu' repeats for emphasis, 'ha-bogdim' means 'the betrayers', and 'reikam' means 'empty' or 'in vain'.
[PSA.25.4] Yahveh, make your ways known to me, teach me your paths. [§]
D'rakechah Yahveh hodienei orchotecha lamdeni.
'D'rakechah' means 'your ways', 'Yahveh' is the translated name of YHVH, 'hodienei' means 'make known to me', 'orchotecha' means 'your paths', 'lamdeni' means 'teach me'.
[PSA.25.5] Lead me in your truth and teach me, for you are the God of my salvation; I have hoped in you all the day. [§]
hadri'kheni ba'amittecha ve'lamdeini ki attah elohai yishe'i otkha kiviti kol-hayam
'hadri\'kheni' means 'lead me', 'ba'amittecha' means 'in your truth', 've'lamdeini' means 'and teach me', 'ki' means 'for', 'attah' means 'you', 'elohai' means 'God of', 'yishe\'i' means 'my salvation', 'otkha' means 'in you', 'kiviti' means 'I have hoped', 'kol-hayam' means 'all the day'.
[PSA.25.6] Remember your mercies, Yahveh, and your lovingkindnesses, for they are forever. [§]
Zachor rachamekha Yahveh vechasdeka ki meolam hemah.
'Zachor' means 'remember', 'rachamekha' means 'your mercies', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'vechasdeka' means 'and your lovingkindnesses', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'meolam' means 'forever' or 'from eternity', 'hemah' means 'they'.
[PSA.25.7] Sins of my youth and my iniquities, do not remember; remember me, you, for the sake of your goodness, Yahveh. [§]
Chataot neurai u'pesha'i al tizkor kechasdeka zekhar li-atah lemaan tuvka Yahveh.
'Chataot' means 'sins', 'neurai' means 'my youth', 'u'pesha'i' means 'and my iniquities', 'al' means 'do not', 'tizkor' means 'remember', 'kechasdeka' means 'as your mercy', 'zekhar' means 'remember', 'li-atah' means 'me, you', 'lemaan' means 'for the sake of', 'tuvka' means 'your goodness', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[PSA.25.8] Good and upright Yahveh; therefore he guides sinners on the way. [§]
tov ve-yashar Yahveh al ken yoreh chattaim ba-derekh.
'tov' means 'good', 've' means 'and', 'yashar' means 'upright', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'ken' means 'therefore' or 'for that reason', 'yoreh' means 'he guides', 'chattaim' means 'sinners', 'ba' means 'in the', 'derekh' means 'way' or 'path'.
[PSA.25.9] He will guide the humble in judgment and will teach the humble His way. [§]
yadrakh anavim bamishpat viyalmad anavim darko.
'yadrakh' means 'He will guide', 'anavim' means 'the humble (people)', 'bamishpat' means 'in judgment', 'viyalmad' means 'and will teach', 'darko' means 'His way'.
[PSA.25.10] All the ways of Yahveh are kindness and truth for those who keep his covenant and his testimonies. [§]
Kol-archot Yahveh chesed veemet le-notzrei berito veedotav.
'Kol' means 'all', 'archot' means 'ways' or 'paths', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'chesed' means 'kindness' or 'mercy', 'veemet' means 'and truth', 'le-notzrei' means 'for those who keep' or 'for the keepers of', 'berito' means 'his covenant', and 'veedotav' means 'and his testimonies' or 'witnesses'.
[PSA.25.11] For the sake of your name, Yahveh, you forgave my iniquity because it is great. [§]
Lema'an shimka Yahveh ve-salachta la'avoni ki ravhu.
'Lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'shimka' means 'your name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'salachta' means 'you forgave', 'la'avoni' means 'my iniquity', 'ki' means 'because', 'rav' means 'great' or 'many', 'hu' means 'it is'.
[PSA.25.12] Who is this man who fears Yahveh, He will guide him in the way he chooses. [§]
mi ze ha ish yere Yahveh yorenun be derekh yivchar
'mi' means 'who', 'ze' means 'this', 'ha' means 'the', 'ish' means 'man', 'yere' means 'who fears', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'yorenun' means 'will guide him', 'be' means 'in', 'derekh' means 'the way', 'yivchar' means 'he will choose'.
[PSA.25.13] His soul will rest in goodness, and his offspring will inherit the land. [§]
Nafsho b'tov talin v'zar'o yirash aretz.
'Nafsho' means 'his soul', 'b'tov' means 'in good' or 'in goodness', 'talin' means 'will lie' or 'will rest', 'v' is the conjunction 'and', 'zar'o' means 'his seed' or 'his offspring', 'yirash' means 'will inherit', 'aretz' means 'land' or 'the earth'.
[PSA.25.14] The secret of Yahveh is for those who fear Him, and his covenant is to make known to them. [§]
Sod Yahveh li-yireav uvrito lehodiam.
'Sod' means 'secret' or 'mystery', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'li-yireav' means 'to those who fear Him', 'uvrito' means 'and his covenant', 'lehodiam' means 'to make known to them'.
[PSA.25.15] My eyes are always toward Yahveh, for He brings forth from the sole of my feet. [§]
Einay tamid el-Yahveh ki hu-yotzi me-reshet raglay.
'Einay' means 'my eyes', 'tamid' means 'continually' or 'always', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH as instructed, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'hu' means 'he', 'yotzi' means 'brings forth' or 'causes to go out', 'me' is the preposition 'from', 'reshet' means 'sole' or 'base of the foot', 'raglay' means 'my feet'.
[PSA.25.16] Turn to me and be gracious to me, for I am poor and needy. [§]
P'neh-elay vechaneni ki-yachid ve'ani ani.
'P'neh' means 'turn', 'elay' means 'to me', 'vechaneni' means 'and be gracious to me', 'ki' means 'because', 'yachid' means 'poor', 've'ani' means 'and needy', 'ani' means 'I am'.
[PSA.25.17] The troubles of my heart have broadened; you have brought me out from my distress. [§]
Tzarot levavi hirchivu mimetzukotai hotzieni.
'Tzarot' means 'distress' or 'troubles', 'levavi' means 'my heart', 'hirchivu' means 'have broadened' or 'have increased', 'mimetzukotai' means 'from my oppressions' or 'from my distress', 'hotzieni' means 'you have brought me out' or 'you delivered me'.
[PSA.25.18] Behold my affliction and my labor, and bear all my sins. [§]
Re'eh aniy ve'amali ve'sa lechol chatotai.
"Re'eh" means "see" or "behold"; "aniy" means "my affliction" or "my hardship"; "ve'amali" means "and my labor" (or "my toil"); "ve'sa" means "and bear" or "carry"; "lechol" means "for all"; "chatotai" means "my sins" (plural). The phrase therefore strings together a plea to the divine listener to observe the speaker's suffering and to take responsibility for all his sins.
[PSA.25.19] See my enemies, for they are many, and the hatred of violence, they hate me. [§]
Ree-eh oyvai ki rabbu ve-sinat chamas seneuni.
'Ree-eh' means 'see', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'rabbu' means 'they are many', 've-' is the conjunction 'and', 'sinat' means 'hatred', 'chamas' means 'violence' or 'cruelty', 'seneuni' means 'they hate me'.
[PSA.25.20] Guard my soul and save me; do not let me be ashamed, for I have taken refuge in you. [§]
Shamra nafshi vehat-sileni al-evosh ki chasiti vach.
'Shamra' means 'guard', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'vehat-sileni' means 'and save me', 'al-evosh' means 'do not let me be ashamed', 'ki' means 'because', 'chasiti' means 'I have taken refuge', 'vach' means 'in you'.
[PSA.25.21] Uprightness and righteousness keep me because I have hoped in you. [§]
Tom vayocher yitzeruni ki kivvitech.
'Tom' means 'uprightness' or 'integrity', 'vayocher' means 'and righteousness', 'yitzeruni' means 'they keep me' or 'they preserve me', 'ki' means 'because', 'kivvitech' means 'I have hoped in you' (with 'you' referring to the divine).
[PSA.25.22] Redeem, O the Gods, Israel from all his troubles. [§]
pdeh Elohim et Yisrael mikol tzarotav.
'pdeh' means 'redeem', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'tzarotav' means 'his troubles'.
PSA.26
[PSA.26.1] Yahveh, judge me, for I have walked in my innocence and in Yahveh I trusted; I will not be put to shame. [§]
LeDavid shaf'teni Yahveh ki ani be-tummi halachti u-be-Yahveh batakhti lo em'ad.
'LeDavid' means 'of David' (the heading of the psalm). 'shaf'teni' means 'judge me'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'. 'ani' means 'I'. 'be-tummi' means 'in my innocence' (tummim = innocence). 'halachti' means 'I have walked'. 'u-be-Yahveh' means 'and in Yahveh'. 'batakhti' means 'I trusted'. 'lo' means 'not'. 'em'ad' means 'to be put to shame' or 'to be ashamed'.
[PSA.26.2] Test me, Yahveh, and try me in affliction, my thoughts and my heart. [§]
bechaneni Yahveh venasseni tzarofah kilyotai velibi.
'bechaneni' means 'test me', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'venasseni' means 'and try me', 'tzarofah' means 'in affliction' or 'in trial', 'kilyotai' means 'my thoughts' or 'my inner mind', 'velibi' means 'and my heart'.
[PSA.26.3] For your lovingkindness is before my eyes, and I have walked in your truth. [§]
Ki chasdeka le-neged einai ve-hithallakti be-amitekha.
'Ki' means 'for', 'chasdeka' means 'your lovingkindness', 'le-neged' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'einai' means 'my eyes', 've' means 'and', 'hithallakti' means 'I have walked', 'be-amitekha' means 'in your truth'.
[PSA.26.4] I have not sat with the dead in vain, and I will not go with the hidden ones. [§]
Lo yashavti im mete shav ve-im na'alemim lo avo.
'Lo' means 'not', 'yashavti' means 'I sat' (first person perfect of sit), 'im' means 'with', 'mete' means 'the dead' (construct form of dead), 'shav' means 'vain' or 'false', 've-im' means 'and with', 'na'alemim' means 'the hidden ones' or 'the secret ones', the second 'lo' again means 'not', and 'avo' means 'I will come' or 'I will go'.
[PSA.26.5] I hate the assembly of evildoers and I will not sit among the wicked. [§]
Saneiti kehal mereim veim reshaim lo eshev.
'Saneiti' means 'I hate', 'kehal' means 'assembly', 'mereim' means 'evildoers', 'veim' means 'and with', 'reshaim' means 'the wicked', 'lo' means 'not', 'eshev' means 'I will sit' (negative construction).
[PSA.26.6] I will wash my hands in purity, and I will go round your altar, Yahveh. [§]
Erechatz be-nikkayon kapai ve-asovev et-mizbachkha Yahveh.
'Erechatz' means 'I will wash', 'be-nikkayon' means 'in purity' or 'in innocence', 'kapai' means 'my hands', 've-asovev' means 'and I will go round' or 'circumambulate', 'et-mizbachkha' means 'your altar', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH.
[PSA.26.7] Let us hear with a voice of thanksgiving and recount all your wonders. [§]
Lashmia bekol todah ulesaper kol nifle'otecha.
'Lashmia' means 'to hear' or 'let us hear', 'bekol' means 'with a voice' or 'in a sound', 'todah' means 'thanksgiving' or 'thanks', 'ulesaper' means 'and to recount' or 'and to tell', 'kol' means 'all', 'nifle'otecha' means 'your wonders' (the wonders belonging to the Divine).
[PSA.26.8] Yahveh, I love the dwelling of your house and the place of the dwelling of your glory. [§]
Yahveh ahavti meon beitecha u makom mishkan kevodecha.
'Yahveh' means the personal name of God (YHVH). 'ahavti' means 'I love'. 'meon' means 'dwelling' or 'habitation'. 'beitecha' means 'your house' (your dwelling). 'u' means 'and'. 'makom' means 'place'. 'mishkan' means 'dwelling, tabernacle, or dwelling place'. 'kevodecha' means 'your glory'. So the phrase says: I love the dwelling of your house and the place where your glory dwells.
[PSA.26.9] Do not gather with sinners, my soul, and with men of blood, my life. [§]
Al-te'esof im-chataim nafshi ve'im-anshei damim chayay.
'Al' means 'Do not', 'te'esof' means 'you will gather/associate', 'im' means 'with', 'chataim' means 'sinners', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 've'im' means 'and with', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'damim' means 'blood', 'chayay' means 'my life'.
[PSA.26.10] That which is in their hands is wickedness, and their right hand is full of deceit. [§]
asher-biydehem zimmah vi-yiman maleh shochad.
'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'biydehem' means 'in their hands', 'zimmah' means 'wickedness' or 'depravity', 'vi-yiman' means 'and their right (hand)', 'maleh' means 'full', 'shochad' means 'deception' or 'fraud'.
[PSA.26.11] And I, in my innocence, will go; redeem me and be gracious to me. [§]
Va'ani be-tummi elekh pedeni vechaneni.
'Va'ani' means 'and I', 'be-tummi' means 'in my innocence' (literally 'in my purity'), 'elekh' means 'I will go' or 'I walk', 'pedeni' means 'redeem me', and 'vechaneni' means 'and be gracious to me'.
[PSA.26.12] My foot stood on a high place, in gatherings I will bless Yahveh. [§]
ragli amda b'mishor b'makhelim avarekh Yahveh.
'ragli' means 'my foot', 'amda' means 'stood', 'b'mishor' means 'on a high place', 'b'makhelim' means 'in gatherings', 'avarekh' means 'I will bless', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
PSA.27
[PSA.27.1] Yahveh is my light and my salvation; from whom shall I be afraid? Yahveh is the stronghold of my life; from whom shall I be terrified. [§]
LeDavid Yahveh ori ve-yoshi mim-mi ira? Yahveh ma'oz-chayai mim-mi efchad.
'LeDavid' means 'to David', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'ori' means 'my light', 've-yoshi' means 'and my salvation', 'mim-mi' means 'from whom', 'ira' means 'I shall fear', 'ma'oz-chayai' means 'stronghold of my life', 'efchad' means 'I shall be terrified'.
[PSA.27.2] When the evildoers draw near to eat my flesh, my foes and my enemies against me, they have fallen. [§]
Bikrov alai mere'im le'echol et-besari tzarei ve'oyvei li hemah kashlu ve'nafalu.
'Bikrov' means 'when (they) draw near', 'alai' means 'to me', 'mere'im' means 'the evildoers', 'le'echol' means 'to eat', 'et-besari' means 'my flesh', 'tzarei' means 'my foes', 've'oyvei' means 'and my enemies', 'li' means 'against me' or 'to me', 'hemah' means 'they', 'kashlu' means 'have fallen' or 'have been struck down', 've'nafalu' means 'and have fallen'. The verse describes hostile people who intend to devour the speaker's flesh, but they are defeated.
[PSA.27.3] If a host encamps against me, my heart will not fear; if war rises against me, in this I am confident. [§]
Im tahaneh alai machaneh lo yira libi im takum alai milchamah bezot anochi boteach.
'Im' means 'if', 'tahaneh' means 'encamps' or 'sets up a camp', 'alai' means 'against me' or 'upon me', 'machaneh' means 'a host' or 'army', 'lo' means 'not', 'yira' means 'fear', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'im' means 'if', 'takum' means 'you rise' or 'arises', 'milchamah' means 'war', 'bezot' means 'in this', 'anochi' means 'I', 'boteach' means 'trust' or 'am confident'.
[PSA.27.4] One thing I asked of Yahveh, I will seek to sit in the house of Yahveh all the days of my life to see the pleasantness of Yahveh and to visit his sanctuary. [§]
Achat sha'alti me'et Yahveh ota avakesh shivti bebeit Yahveh kol yemei chayay lachazot be-noam Yahveh ulebaker beheikhalo.
'Achat' means 'one (thing)', 'sha'alti' means 'I asked', 'me'et' means 'from', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ota' means 'it' (referring to the thing asked), 'avakesh' means 'I will seek', 'shivti' means 'to sit', 'bebeit' means 'in the house of', 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'chayay' means 'my life', 'lachazot' means 'to see', 'be-noam' means 'the pleasantness of', 'Yahveh' again, 'ulebaker' means 'and to visit', 'beheikhalo' means 'his sanctuary'.
[PSA.27.5] For you will hide me in a shelter on a day of trouble; you will conceal me in the secret of your tent; in the rock you will raise me up. [§]
Ki yitspeneni be-sukko be-yom raah yastireni be-seter ahalo be-tzur yeromemeni.
'Ki' means 'for', 'yitspeneni' means 'you will hide me', 'be-sukko' means 'in a shelter', 'be-yom' means 'on the day of', 'raah' means 'trouble' or 'evil', 'yastireni' means 'you will conceal me', 'be-seter' means 'in secret', 'ahalo' means 'your tent', 'be-tzur' means 'in the rock', 'yeromemeni' means 'you will raise me up'.
[PSA.27.6] Now my head shall be lifted over my enemies who surround me, and I will sacrifice in his house the offerings of rejoicing; I will sing and make music to Yahveh. [§]
veatah yarum roshi al oyvai s'vivoti veezbecha beahaloe zivchei teruah ashirah v'azammerah laYahveh.
'veatah' means 'now', 'yarum' means 'shall be lifted', 'roshi' means 'my head', 'al' means 'over', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 's'vivoti' means 'those around me', 'veezbecha' means 'and I will sacrifice', 'beahaloe' means 'in his house', 'zivchei' means 'sacrifices of', 'teruah' means 'shouting/rejoicing', 'ashirah' means 'I will sing', 'v'azammerah' means 'and I will make music', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered literally as Yahveh).
[PSA.27.7] Hear, Yahveh, my voice; I call, and have mercy on me and answer me. [§]
Shema Yahveh kol-i ekra vechaneni vaaneini.
'Shema' means 'hear', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'kol-i' means 'my voice', 'ekra' means 'I call', 'vechaneni' means 'and have mercy on me', 'vaaneini' means 'and answer me'.
[PSA.27.8] To you my heart said, Seek my face; I will seek your face, Yahveh. [§]
Lecha amar libi bakshu fanai et-panecha Yahveh avakesh.
'Lecha' means 'to you', 'amar' means 'said', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'bakshu' means 'seek' (imperative plural), 'fanai' means 'my face', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'panecha' means 'your face', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'avakesh' means 'I will seek' or 'I will request'.
[PSA.27.9] Do not hide your face from me, do not be angry my servant, you have been my help; do not abandon me and do not forsake me, the Gods of my salvation. [§]
Al-tastir panekha mimmeni al-tat-be'af avdeka ezrati hayita al-titsheni ve-al-ta'azveni Elohei yshi.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tastir' means 'hide', 'panekha' means 'your face', 'mimmeni' means 'from me', 'al' again means 'do not', 'tat-be'af' means 'be angry', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'ezrati' means 'my help', 'hayita' means 'you have been', 'al' again means 'do not', 'titsheni' means 'abandon me', 've-al' means 'and do not', 'ta'azveni' means 'forsake me', 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' and is translated as 'the Gods', 'yshi' means 'of my salvation'.
[PSA.27.10] For my father and my mother have forsaken me, and Yahveh will gather me. [§]
Ki-avi ve'immi azavuni va-Yahveh yaasfeni.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'avi' means 'my father', 've' means 'and', 'immi' means 'my mother', 'azavuni' means 'have forsaken me' (from the verb azav), 'va' means 'and', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'yaasfeni' means 'will gather me' (future form of the verb asaf).
[PSA.27.11] Teach me, Yahveh, your ways and lead me on a straight path for the sake of my oppressors. [§]
horeini Yahveh darchkha uncheni beorach mishor lemaan shorrai.
'horeini' means 'teach me', 'Yahveh' means the name of God YHWH, 'darchkha' means 'your ways', 'uncheni' means 'and lead me', 'beorach' means 'in the way', 'mishor' means 'straight', 'lemaan' means 'for the sake of', 'shorrai' means 'my oppressors'.
[PSA.27.12] Do not hand me over in the life of my enemies, for false witnesses have arisen against me and violence has kindled. [§]
Al-titteni b'nefesh tzarei ki kamu-bi eidei sheker vipeach chamas.
'Al' means 'do not', 'titteni' means 'hand me over' or 'give me up', 'b'nefesh' means 'in the soul' or 'in the life', 'tzarei' means 'of my enemies', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'kamu-bi' means 'they have arisen against me', 'eidei' means 'witnesses', 'sheker' means 'false', 'vipeach' means 'and it kindles' or 'ignites', 'chamas' means 'violence' or 'wickedness'.
[PSA.27.13] If not, I have believed to see the goodness of Yahveh in the land of the living. [§]
Lu'le'a he'emanti lir'ot be-tuv-Yahveh be-eretz chayyim.
'Lu'le'a' means 'if not' or 'unless', 'he'emanti' means 'I have believed', 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 'be-tuv' means 'in the goodness', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'be-eretz' means 'in the land', 'chayyim' means 'the living'.
[PSA.27.14] Hope in Yahveh, be strong and be courageous, your heart, and hope in Yahveh. [§]
Kaveh el Yahveh chazak ve yaametz libecha ve kaveh el Yahveh.
'Kaveh' is the imperative form of the verb meaning 'to hope' or 'to wait for'. 'el' means 'to' or 'toward'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'chazak' means 'be strong'. 've' is the conjunction 'and'. 'yaametz' is a verb meaning 'be courageous' or 'strengthen yourself'. 'libecha' is 'your heart' ( masculine singular possessive). The second 've' repeats the conjunction and the final 'kaveh' repeats the command to hope, followed again by 'el Yahveh'.
PSA.28
[PSA.28.1] To David, to you, Yahveh, I will call, my rock, do not be silent from me, lest you become silent from me, and I shall be disgraced with those who go down to the pit. [§]
LeDavid Eleikha Yahveh Ekra Tzuri Al-techerash Mimmeni Pen-techeshe Mimmeni Ve-nimshalti Im-yordei Bor.
'LeDavid' means 'to David', 'Eleikha' means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of the LORD, 'Ekra' means 'I will call', 'Tzuri' means 'my rock', 'Al-techerash' means 'do not be silent', 'Mimmeni' means 'from me', 'Pen-techeshe' means 'lest you become silent', the second 'Mimmeni' repeats 'from me', 'Ve-nimshalti' means 'and I shall be disgraced', 'Im-yordei' means 'with those who go down', and 'Bor' means 'to the pit'.
[PSA.28.2] Hear the voice of my pleas in my cry to God when I lift my hands to your holy sanctuary. [§]
Shema qol tachanuni be'shav'i elekha be'nas'i yaday el-devir kadeshekha.
'Shema' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'qol' means 'voice', 'tachanuni' means 'my pleas' or 'my petitions', 'be'shav'i' means 'in my cry', 'elekha' means 'to you' where 'El' is the name of God and is rendered as 'God', 'be'nas'i' means 'when I lift', 'yaday' means 'my hands', 'el-devir' means 'to the sanctuary' (the holy place), 'kadeshekha' means 'your holy' referring to God's holiness.
[PSA.28.3] Do not let me be associated with the wicked and with the evildoers who speak of peace with their companions, while evil is in their hearts. [§]
Al timshkeini im reshaim ve'im poalei aven dvrei shalom im re'eihem ve'ra'ah bilvavam.
'Al' means 'do not', 'timshkeini' means 'let me be associated', 'im' means 'with', 'reshaim' means 'the wicked', 've'im' means 'and with', 'poalei' means 'doers of', 'aven' means 'evil', 'dvrei' means 'those who speak', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'im' means 'with', 're'eihem' means 'their companions', 've'ra'ah' means 'and evil', 'bilvavam' means 'in their hearts'.
[PSA.28.4] Give them according to their deeds, and shatter their schemes; as the work of their own hands, give them, and return to them their recompense. [§]
ten-lahhem kefa'alam ukro'a ma'alleyhem kema'aseh yedeihem ten lahem hashav gemulam lahem
'ten' means 'give', 'lahhem' means 'to them'. 'kefa'alam' means 'according to their deeds' (kef = according to, amal = deed). 'ukro'a' means 'and as a broken (thing)', an idiom for shattering their plans. 'ma'alleyhem' means 'their schemes' (ma'alal = plan, hem = their). 'kema'aseh' means 'as the work of'. 'yedeihem' means 'their hands'. The second 'ten' repeats 'give'. 'lahem' again 'to them'. 'hashav' means 'return' or 'give back'. 'gemulam' means 'their recompense' or 'reward'. 'lahhem' again 'to them'.
[PSA.28.5] For they do not understand the deeds of Yahveh and the work of his hand; he will destroy them and they will not build. [§]
Ki lo yavinu el-pe'ulot Yahveh ve'el ma'aseh yadaiv yehersam velo yivnem.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yavinu' means 'they understand', 'el' means 'to' or 'of', 'pe'ulot' means 'deeds' or 'actions', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've'el' means 'and to/of', 'ma'aseh' means 'work' or 'act', 'yadaiv' means 'his hand', 'yehersam' means 'he will destroy them', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yivnem' means 'they will build' or 'they will be built'.
[PSA.28.6] Blessed Yahveh, for he has heard the voice of my supplication. [§]
Baruch Yahveh ki shama kol tachanuni.
'Baruch' means 'Blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'shama' means 'heard', 'kol' means 'voice' or 'sound', 'tachanuni' means 'my supplication' or 'my prayer'.
[PSA.28.7] Yahveh my strength and my shield; in him my heart trusts, and I was fortified, and my heart rejoiced, and my song I will thank him. [§]
Yahveh uzzi u-magn i bo batach libi ve-ne'ezarti vay'aloz libi u-mishiri ahodenu.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHWH. 'uzzi' means 'my strength'. 'u-magn i' means 'and my shield'. 'bo' means 'in him'. 'batach' means 'trust' (here, 'I trust'). 'libi' means 'my heart'. 've-ne'ezarti' means 'and I was strengthened' or 'and I was fortified'. 'vay'aloz' means 'and (my) heart was glad' (rejoiced). The second 'libi' repeats 'my heart'. 'u-mishiri' means 'and my song'. 'ahodenu' means 'I will thank him' or 'I will give thanks to him'.
[PSA.28.8] Yahveh, his strength, and his refuge, the savior of the Messiah, he. [§]
Yahveh oz-lamo u maoz yeshuaot meshicho hu.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH. 'oz' means 'strength' and 'lamo' means 'his' (to/for him). 'u' means 'and'. 'maoz' means 'refuge' or 'stronghold'. 'yeshuaot' is the plural noun 'salvations' or 'saviors'. 'meshicho' is the noun 'Messiah' (the anointed one). 'hu' means 'he' or 'it', referring back to Yahveh.
[PSA.28.9] Save your people and bless your inheritance and tend them and carry them forever. [§]
Hoshia et-ammecha u'varekh et-nachalatecha u're'em venasse'em ad ha-olam.
'Hoshia' means 'save', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ammecha' means 'your people', 'u'vrekh' means 'and bless', 'nachalatecha' means 'your inheritance', 'u're'em' means 'and tend them', 'venasse'em' means 'and carry them', 'ad' means 'until', 'ha-olam' means 'the age' or 'forever'.
PSA.29
[PSA.29.1] Song of David. Bring to Yahveh, O sons of gods, bring to Yahveh glory and strength. [§]
Mizmor leDavid habu laYahveh b'nei Elim habu laYahveh kavod vaoz.
'Mizmor' means 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'habu' means 'bring', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Elim' means 'gods', 'kavod' means 'glory', 'vaoz' means 'and strength'.
[PSA.29.2] Give to Yahveh the honor of His name; bow down to Yahveh in the beauty of holiness. [§]
Havu laYahveh kevod shemo hishtachu laYahveh behadrat kodesh.
"Havu" means "Give"; "laYahveh" means "to Yahveh" (the literal name for YHVH); "kevod" means "honor" or "glory"; "shemo" means "His name"; "hishtachu" means "bow down" or "worship"; "laYahveh" repeats "to Yahveh"; "behadrat" (from "hadar") means "in the beauty" or "splendor"; "kodesh" means "holiness".
[PSA.29.3] The voice of Yahveh is upon the waters; God of glory roars; Yahveh over many waters. [§]
Kol Yahveh al hamayim El hakavod yiream Yahveh al mayim rabbim.
'Kol' means 'voice', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'El' means 'God', 'hakavod' means 'the glory', 'yiream' (from the root raa) means 'roars' or 'thunders', the second 'Yahveh' again is the name of God, 'mayim' means 'waters', 'rabbim' means 'many' or 'abundant'.
[PSA.29.4] The voice of Yahveh in strength, the voice of Yahveh in splendor. [§]
Kol Yahveh ba-koach, kol Yahveh be-hadar.
'Kol' means 'voice' or 'sound', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'ba-koach' means 'in strength' (ba = in, koach = strength), and 'be-hadar' means 'in splendor' (be = in, hadar = splendor or majesty). The phrase repeats the idea of God's voice, first emphasizing its power and then its glorious appearance.
[PSA.29.5] Voice of Yahveh breaks cedars, and Yahveh broke the cedars of Lebanon. [§]
Kol Yahveh shover arazim ve-yeshaver Yahveh et arzei haLevanon.
'Kol' means 'voice', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH as the name of God, 'shover' means 'breaks', 'arazim' means 'cedars', 've' means 'and', 'yeshaver' means 'broke' (the vav‑consecutive form), 'et' is the accusative marker, 'arzei' means 'cedars of', 'haLevanon' means 'the Lebanon'.
[PSA.29.6] And he caused them to dance like a lamb, to Lebanon and Zion like the son of Reamim. [§]
Vayarkideihem kemo-egel levanon ve-siryon kemo ben-reamim.
'Vayarkideihem' means 'and he caused them to dance', from the root 'rakad' (to dance) with the prefix 'va' (and) and the suffix 'them' (them). 'Kemo' means 'like' or 'as'. 'Egel' means 'a lamb'. 'Levanon' means 'to Lebanon', the name of the mountain region. 'Ve' is the conjunction 'and'. 'Siryon' is a poetic name for Zion (Mount Zion). Another 'kemo' means 'like'. 'Ben' means 'son'. 'Reamim' is a proper name, likely a clan or person. The phrase 'ben Reamim' therefore means 'the son of Reamim'.
[PSA.29.7] The voice of Yahveh hews the fire into coals. [§]
Kol Yahveh chotzeb lahavot esh.
'Kol' means 'voice', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'chotzeb' means 'hews' or 'cuts', 'lahavot' means 'into coals' (the word for coals), 'esh' means 'fire'.
[PSA.29.8] The voice of Yahveh will quake the desert; Yahveh will quake the holy desert. [§]
Kol Yahveh Yachil Midbar Yachil Yahveh Midbar Kodesh.
'Kol' means 'voice', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'Yachil' means 'will quake' (future tense of quake), 'Midbar' means 'desert' or 'wilderness', the second 'Yachil' repeats the same meaning, the second 'Yahveh' again refers to God, the second 'Midbar' again means 'desert', and 'Kodesh' means 'holy' (as an adjective).
[PSA.29.9] Voice Yahveh shakes gazelles and uncovered forests and in his temple all says glory. [§]
Kol Yahveh Yecholel Ayylot Va-yehesof Ya'arot Uveheikhalo Kulo Omer Kavod.
'Kol' means 'voice', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'Yecholel' means 'shakes' or 'disturbs', 'Ayylot' means 'gazelles', 'Va-yehesof' means 'and uncovered', 'Ya'arot' means 'forests', 'Uveheikhalo' means 'and in his temple', 'Kulo' means 'all', 'Omer' means 'says', 'Kavod' means 'glory'.
[PSA.29.10] Yahveh sat at the flood, and Yahveh sat as king forever. [§]
Yahveh lamabbul yashav vayyeshev Yahveh melekh leolam.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'lamabbul' combines the preposition 'la-' (to/at) with 'mabbul' (flood), giving 'at the flood'. 'yashav' means 'sat'. 'vayyeshev' is the conjunction 'and' plus the same verb, 'and (he) sat'. 'melech' means 'king'. 'leolam' is a construct meaning 'forever' or 'to eternity'.
[PSA.29.11] Yahveh gives strength to his people; Yahveh blesses his people in peace. [§]
Yahveh oz le'ammo yitten Yahveh yivarekh et-ammo ba-shalom.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the Tetragrammaton YHVH. 'oz' means 'strength'. 'le'ammo' means 'to his people' ('le' = to, 'am' = people, with the suffix '-o' = his). 'yitten' means 'will give' (future third person masculine singular of give). 'yivarekh' means 'will bless' (future third person masculine singular of bless). 'et-ammo' means 'his people' (direct object marker 'et' plus 'am' with the suffix '-o' = his). 'ba-shalom' means 'in peace' ('be' = in, 'shalom' = peace).
PSA.30
[PSA.30.1] A Psalm, a song for the dedication of the house, of David. [§]
Mizmor Shir Chanukkat HaBayit leDavid.
"Mizmor" means "Psalm", "Shir" means "song", "Chanukkat" means "dedication", "HaBayit" means "the house", "leDavid" means "of David" or "by David".
[PSA.30.2] I will exalt you, Yahveh, because you have humbled me, and you have not let my enemies rejoice over me. [§]
Arummimkha YHWH ki dilitani velo-simmachta oyvai li.
'Arummimkha' means 'I will exalt you', 'YHWH' is rendered as 'Yahveh', 'ki' means 'because', 'dilitani' means 'you have humbled me', 'velo' means 'and not', 'simmachta' means 'you have made rejoice', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', and 'li' means 'against me' or 'to me'.
[PSA.30.3] Yahveh my God, I complained to you and you healed me. [§]
Yahveh Elohai shivati elekha vatrpaeni.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'Elohai' means 'my God', with 'Eloah' = God and the suffix -ai indicating possession. 'Shivati' is the first‑person singular perfect of the verb shava, meaning 'I complained' or 'I cried out'. 'Elekha' is the prepositional phrase 'to you' (masculine singular). 'Vatrpaeni' combines the conjunction 'va' (and) with the verb 'rapha' (to heal) in the third‑person masculine singular perfect, plus the suffix -eni 'me', thus 'and you healed me'.
[PSA.30.4] Yahveh you lifted my soul from the pit, you restored me from the netherworld. [§]
Yahveh he'elita min sha'ol nafshi chiyyitani mi yordei bor.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'he'elita' means 'you have raised' or 'you lifted up'. 'min' means 'from'. 'sha'ol' means 'the pit' or 'the grave'. 'nafshi' means 'my soul'. 'chiyyitani' means 'you have restored me' or 'you gave me life again'. 'mi' means 'from'. 'yordei' refers to 'the netherworld' or 'the realm of the dead'. 'bor' means 'pit' or 'abyss', together forming the phrase 'from the netherworld-pit'.
[PSA.30.5] Sing to Yahveh his faithful ones and give thanks to his holy memory. [§]
Zammeru laYahveh chasidav veHodu lezecher kadosho.
'Zammeru' means 'sing', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'chasidav' means 'his faithful ones', 'veHodu' means 'and give thanks', 'lezecher' means 'to the memory', 'kadosho' means 'his holy'.
[PSA.30.6] For a moment in his wrath, life is in his pleasure; in the evening he will go down in weeping, and in the morning [there is] rejoicing. [§]
ki rega beapo chayyim birtsono baerev yalin bechi velaboker rina.
'ki' means 'for', 'rega' means 'a moment' or 'short time', 'beapo' means 'in his wrath' ('be' = in, 'apo' = his anger), 'chayyim' means 'life' or 'living', 'birtsono' means 'in his desire' ('bir' = in, 'tsono' = his pleasure), 'baerev' means 'in the evening', 'yalin' means 'he will go down' or 'he will descend', 'bechi' means 'in weeping' ('be' = in, 'chi' = crying), 'velaboker' means 'and in the morning', 'rina' means 'a shout of joy' or 'rejoicing'.
[PSA.30.7] And I said in my tranquility, I will not be shaken forever. [§]
va ani amarti be shalvi bal emmot leolam.
'va' means 'and', 'ani' means 'I', 'amarti' means 'said', 'be' means 'in', 'shalvi' means 'my tranquility' or 'my wisdom', 'bal' means 'I will not', 'emmot' means 'be moved or shaken', 'leolam' means 'forever'.
[PSA.30.8] Yahveh, by your will you have established my strength as a mountain; you have concealed your face, and I was confused. [§]
Yahveh birzonkha heemadta leharri oz hisarta paneikha hayiti nivhal.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'birzonkha' means 'by your will', 'heemadta' means 'you have established' or 'made stand', 'leharri' means 'as a mountain' (literally 'to my mountain'), 'oz' means 'strength', 'hisarta' means 'you concealed', 'paneikha' means 'your face', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'nivhal' means 'confused' or 'bewildered'.
[PSA.30.9] To you Yahveh I will call, and to my Lord I will plead. [§]
Elecha Yahveh ekra ve'el-Adoni etchanan.
'Elecha' means 'to you', addressing the one spoken to. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the personal name of God. 'ekra' means 'I will call' or 'I will cry out'. 've'el-Adoni' means 'and to my Lord', with 'Adoni' translated as 'my Lord' (from Adonai). 'etchanan' means 'I will plead' or 'I will entreat'. The verse is a petition, first calling to Yahveh and then pleading to the Lord.
[PSA.30.10] What is the flesh in my blood when I descended to the abyss? Does your dust speak? Will it tell your truth. [§]
Mah be-tza b'dami be-ridti el shachat hayodka afar hayagid amitteka.
'Mah' means 'what', 'be-tza' means 'is the flesh', 'b'dami' means 'in my blood', 'be-ridti' means 'when I descended', 'el shachat' means 'to the abyss', 'hayodka' means 'your glory' (or figuratively 'your dust'), 'afar' means 'dust', 'hayagid' means 'will tell', 'amitteka' means 'your truth'.
[PSA.30.11] Hear Yahveh and have mercy to me; Yahveh be a helper to me. [§]
Shema Yahveh vechaneni Yahveh heyye ozer li.
'Shema' means 'hear', 'Yahveh' is the name YHVH translated as 'Yahveh', 'vechaneni' means 'and have mercy to me', 'heyye' means 'be', 'ozer' means 'helper', 'li' means 'to me'.
[PSA.30.12] You turned my mourning into a feast for me, you opened my bag and filled me with joy. [§]
Hafakta mispedi lemahhol li pittachti saki vata'azreini simcha.
'Hafakta' means 'you turned', 'mispedi' means 'my mourning', 'lemahhol' means 'into a feast', 'li' means 'for me', 'pittachti' means 'you opened', 'saki' means 'my bag' (idiom for my store of sorrow), 'vata'azreini' means 'and you filled me', 'simcha' means 'with joy'.
[PSA.30.13] For the sake that glory will be sung for you and that Yahveh my God will not be silent forever, I will thank you. [§]
Lema'an yizamerkha kavod ve'lo yiddom Yahveh Elohai le'olam odkha.
'Lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'yizamerkha' means 'he will cause you to sing', 'kavod' means 'glory', 've\'lo' means 'and not', 'yiddom' means 'he will be silent', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'odkha' means 'I will thank you'.
PSA.31
[PSA.31.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatshech mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatshech' means 'to the chief musician', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (belonging to David).
[PSA.31.2] By you Yahveh, I have taken shelter; I will not be ashamed forever; by your righteousness, deliver me. [§]
becha Yahveh chasiti al-evosha leolam betsidkatecha palleteni.
'becha' means 'by you' (the preposition be- with second‑person masculine singular suffix), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'chasiti' means 'I have taken shelter' or 'I have taken refuge', 'al-evosha' means 'I will not be ashamed', 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'ever', 'betsidkatecha' means 'by your righteousness' (bet- + sidka + -techa), and 'palleteni' means 'deliver me' or 'save me'.
[PSA.31.3] Turn your ear to me quickly, save me, be to me a rock‑stronghold for the house of fortresses, to save me. [§]
hatthe elai aznecha mehera hatzileni heye li letzurmaoz lebeit metzudot lehoshieni.
'hatthe' means 'turn', 'elai' means 'to me', 'aznecha' means 'your ear', 'mehera' means 'quickly', 'hatzileni' means 'save me' or 'deliver me', 'heye' means 'be', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'letzurmaoz' means 'as a rock‑stronghold' (letzur = rock, maoz = stronghold), 'lebeit' means 'for the house', 'metzudot' means 'fortresses' or 'strongholds', 'lehoshieni' means 'to save me'.
[PSA.31.4] For you are my rock and my fortress, and for the sake of your name you will guide me and lead me. [§]
Ki-sal'i u-mezutadi atah u-lema'an shimkha tancheni u-tenaheleni.
'Ki' means 'for', 'sal'i' means 'my rock', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'mezutadi' means 'my fortress', 'atah' means 'you', 'u-' again is 'and', 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'tancheni' means 'you will guide me', 'u-' again 'and', 'tenaheleni' means 'you will lead me'.
[PSA.31.5] Yahveh will bring me out from this snare they have hidden for me, because Yahveh is my refuge. [§]
Totzi'eni me-re-shet zu tamnu li ki attah ma'uzi.
'Totzi'eni' means 'you will bring out me', 'me-re-shet' means 'from the snare', 'zu' means 'this', 'tamnu' means 'they have hidden' or 'they have laid', 'li' means 'for me', 'ki' means 'because', 'attah' means 'you', and 'ma'uzi' means 'my stronghold' or 'my refuge'. The verse addresses God, so the pronoun 'you' is rendered as the divine name Yahveh per the translation guidelines.
[PSA.31.6] In your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, Yahveh, God truth. [§]
Beyadkha afkid ruhi padita oti Yahveh El Emet.
'Beyadkha' means 'in your hand', 'afkid' means 'I commit' or 'I entrust', 'ruhi' means 'my spirit', 'padita' means 'you have redeemed', 'oti' means 'me', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of the LORD, 'El' means 'God', and 'Emet' means 'truth'.
[PSA.31.7] I have hated the watchmen of emptiness, and I have trusted in Yahveh. [§]
Saneati hashomrim havlei-shav va ani el Yahveh batachti.
'Saneati' means 'I have hated', 'hashomrim' means 'the watchmen', 'havlei-shav' means 'of emptiness' or 'of futility', 'va' means 'and', 'ani' means 'I', 'el Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'batachti' means 'I have trusted'.
[PSA.31.8] I will rejoice and be glad in Yahveh's mercy, because you have seen my affliction and have known the troubles of my soul. [§]
agila ve'esmachah bechassadeka asher ra'ita et-an'iy yada'ta betzarot nafshi.
'agila' means 'I will rejoice', 've'esmachah' means 'and I will be glad', 'bechassadeka' means 'in your mercy', 'asher' means 'which' or 'that', 'ra'ita' means 'you have seen', 'et-an'iy' means 'my affliction', 'yada'ta' means 'you have known', 'betzarot' means 'in the troubles', 'nafshi' means 'of my soul'.
[PSA.31.9] And you have not shut me in the hand of an enemy; you have placed my feet in a broad place. [§]
Ve lo hisgarta'ni be yad oyev he'emadta ba merchav raglay.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'hisgarta'ni' means 'you have shut me', 'be' is a preposition 'in', 'yad' means 'hand', 'oyev' means 'enemy', 'he'emadta' means 'you have placed', 'ba' means 'in the', 'merchav' means 'broad place' or 'space', 'raglay' means 'my feet'.
[PSA.31.10] Have mercy on me, Yahveh, for my enemy has humbled me in the anger of my eyes, my soul and my womb. [§]
Haneni Yahveh ki tzar li ashsha bechaas eini nafshi uvitni.
'Haneni' means 'have mercy on me', 'Yahveh' is the divine name translated as Yahveh, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'tzar' means 'enemy' and 'li' means 'to me' (my), 'ashsha' means 'has humbled' or 'has shamed', 'bechaas' means 'in anger', 'einai' means 'my eyes', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'u' means 'and', 'vitni' means 'my womb' or 'my belly'.
[PSA.31.11] Because my life is spent in grief and my years in sighs, my strength has been cut off by my sin, and my bones are exhausted. [§]
ki kalu beyagon chayyai u-shenotai ba-anacha kashal ba-avoni kochi va-atzamai ashushu.
'ki' means 'because', 'kalu' means 'are finished' or 'are spent', 'beyagon' means 'in sorrow' or 'in grief', 'chayyai' means 'my life', 'u-shenotai' means 'and my years', 'ba-anacha' means 'in sighing' or 'in sighs', 'kashal' means 'has been weakened' or 'is cut off', 'ba-avoni' means 'in my iniquity' or 'because of my sin', 'kochi' means 'my strength', 'va-atzamai' means 'and my bones', 'ashushu' means 'are exhausted' or 'have become weak'.
[PSA.31.12] From all my oppressors I have become a reproach, and to my neighbors exceedingly and a terror to those who know me; those who see me in public have fled from me. [§]
Mikkol tzorerai hayiti cherpah ve-lishkhenai meod u-pachad limyudai ro'i ba-chutz naddu mimeni.
'Mikkol' means 'from all', 'tzorerai' means 'my oppressors', 'hayiti' means 'I have become', 'cherpah' means 'a reproach' or 'a contempt', 've' means 'and', 'lishkhenai' means 'to my neighbors', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly', 'u-pachad' means 'and terror' or 'and dread', 'limyudai' means 'to those who know me', 'ro'i' means 'who see', 'ba-chutz' means 'in public' or 'outside', 'naddu' means 'have fled' or 'have been scattered', 'mimeni' means 'from me'.
[PSA.31.13] I have forgotten as if dead from the heart; I was like a vessel, I am lost. [§]
Nishkachti ke-meit mi-lev hayiti ki-keli oven.
'Nishkachti' means 'I have forgotten', 'ke-meit' means 'as if dead', 'mi-lev' means 'from (the) heart', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'ki-keli' means 'like a vessel', 'oven' means 'lost' or 'perishing'.
[PSA.31.14] Because I have heard the speech of many, a rumor spread around in their gathering together against me, they plotted to take my soul. [§]
ki shamati dibbat rabim magor misaviv behivasdam yachad alay lakaḥat nafshi zamu.
'ki' means 'because', 'shamati' means 'I have heard', 'dibbat' means 'the word/speech', 'rabim' means 'of many', 'magor' means 'a rumor or rumor-like report', 'misaviv' means 'around/about', 'behivasdam' means 'in their gathering/assembly', 'yachad' means 'together', 'alay' means 'upon me', 'lakaḥat' means 'to take', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'zamu' means 'they plotted or conspired'.
[PSA.31.15] And I trusted in you, Yahveh; I said, you are my God. [§]
Va'ani alecha batachti Yahveh amarti Elohai atah.
'Va'ani' means 'and I', 'alecha' means 'in you' or 'upon you', 'batachti' means 'I trusted', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'amarti' means 'I said', 'Elohai' means 'my God' (possessive form of Elohim, which literally means 'the Gods'), 'atah' means 'you'.
[PSA.31.16] In your hand are my times; save me from the hand of my enemies and from pursuers. [§]
Be-yadkha itotai hatsileini mi-yad-oyevai u-merodfai.
'Be-yadkha' means 'in your hand', 'itotai' means 'my times', 'hatsileini' means 'save me', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'oyevai' means 'my enemies', 'u-merodfai' means 'and from pursuers'.
[PSA.31.17] Turn your face upon your servant; save me by your lovingkindness. [§]
Ha'ira panekha al-avdeka, hoshiena bechasdeka.
'Ha'ira' means 'turn', 'panekha' means 'your face', 'al' means 'upon' or 'against', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'hoshiena' means 'save me', 'bechasdeka' means 'by your lovingkindness'.
[PSA.31.18] Yahveh, I will not be ashamed, because I have called you; let the wicked be ashamed, let them be silent to the grave. [§]
Yahveh al-evosha ki k'raticha yevoshu reshaim yidmu lish'ol.
'Yahveh' is the name YHVH, translated as Yahveh; 'al-evosha' means 'I will not be ashamed'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'k'raticha' means 'I have called you'; 'yevoshU' means 'the wicked will be ashamed'; 'reshaim' means 'the wicked'; 'yidmu' means 'they will be silent'; 'lish'ol' means 'to the grave'.
[PSA.31.19] May the false lips that speak against the righteous be silenced in pride and contempt. [§]
Te'alamna shiftei shaqer ha-dovrot al-tzaddik atak be-ga'avah va-buz.
'Te'alamna' is a jussive form meaning 'may [they] be silenced'. 'Shiftei' means 'the lips of'. 'Shaqer' means 'false' or 'deceitful'. 'Ha-dovrot' means 'that speak'. 'Al-tzaddik' means 'against the righteous'. 'Atak' means 'cut off' or 'silenced'. 'Be-ga'avah' means 'in pride'. 'Va-buz' means 'and contempt'.
[PSA.31.20] How great is your goodness, which you have stored up for those who fear you; you have acted for those who take refuge in you before the people. [§]
mah rav-tuvkha asher-tsafanta li-reekha pa'alta la-chosim bakha neged b'nei adam
'mah' means 'how', 'rav-tuvkha' means 'great is your goodness', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tsafanta' means 'you have hidden or stored up', 'li-reekha' means 'for those who fear you', 'pa'alta' means 'you have acted or done', 'la-chosim' means 'to those who take refuge', 'bakha' means 'in you', 'neged' means 'before or in the presence of', 'b'nei adam' means 'the sons of man', i.e., people.
[PSA.31.21] You will hide them in the secret of your face, from the crushing of a man; you will conceal them in a shelter, from the one who quarrels with tongues. [§]
tastireihem be'seter panecha meruksei ish titzpeneem be'sukka meriv le'shnot.
'tastireihem' means 'you will hide them', 'be'seter' means 'in secret', 'panecha' means 'your face', 'meruksei' is a construct form meaning 'from the crushing/pressure of', 'ish' means 'a man', 'titzpeneem' means 'you will conceal them', 'be'sukka' means 'in a shelter', 'meriv' means 'who contends' or 'who quarrels', 'le'shnot' means 'with tongues' (plural of speech). The verse uses poetic language to speak of hiding something in the secret of God's presence, protecting it from human oppression and from contentious speech.
[PSA.31.22] Blessed is Yahveh, for he has shown marvelous grace to me in the city of refuge. [§]
Baruch Yahveh ki hifli chasdo li beir matzor.
'Baruch' means 'Blessed', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'hifli' means 'has performed wonders' or 'has shown marvelously', 'chasdo' means 'his grace', 'li' means 'to me', 'beir' means 'in the city', 'matzor' means 'refuge'.
[PSA.31.23] And I said, in my haste, I was driven away from before your eyes; surely you have heard the voice of my plea when I called to Yahveh. [§]
va'ani amarti bechafzi nigratzti mineged einecha achin shamat kol tachanunai be-shavei eilecha.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'amarti' means 'said', 'bechafzi' means 'in my haste', 'nigratzti' means 'I was driven away', 'mineged' means 'from before', 'einecha' means 'your eyes', 'achin' means 'surely', 'shamat' means 'you have heard', 'kol' means 'the voice', 'tachanunai' means 'of my plea', 'be-shavei' means 'when I called', 'eilecha' means 'to Yahveh' (addressing the divine name Yahveh).
[PSA.31.24] Love Yahveh, all his faithful; the faithful keep Yahveh and will repay the excess of the one who acts in pride. [§]
Ehavu et-Yahveh kol-chasidav emunim notser Yahveh u-meshalem al-yeter oseh gaavah.
'Ehavu' means 'love'; 'et' is the direct object marker; 'Yahveh' is the name of God; 'kol' means 'all'; 'chasidav' means 'his faithful ones'; 'emunim' means 'faithful ones' or 'the faithful'; 'notser' means 'guardian' or 'keeper'; 'Yahveh' again refers to God; 'u-meshalem' means 'and will repay' or 'and will make even'; 'al' means 'for' or 'against'; 'yeter' means 'excess' or 'surplus'; 'oseh' means 'who does' or 'the one who does'; 'gaavah' means 'pride' or 'arrogance'.
[PSA.31.25] Be strong and may Yahveh strengthen your hearts, all who hope in Yahveh. [§]
Chizku ve yaametze levavchem kol hamyechalim laYahveh.
'Chizku' means 'be strong', 've' means 'and', 'yaametze' means 'may (He) strengthen', 'levavchem' means 'your hearts', 'kol' means 'all', 'hamyechalim' means 'who hope', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh).
PSA.32
[PSA.32.1] To David the wise: blessed are those who bear transgression as a garment of sin. [§]
LeDavid mashkil ashrei nesu-pesha k'sui chatta'ah.
'LeDavid' means 'to David' (a dedication), 'mashkil' means 'wise' or 'intelligent' (masculine participle), 'ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'happy', 'nesu-pesha' combines 'nesu' (one who bears) and 'pesha' (transgression), meaning 'one who bears transgression', 'k'sui' means 'as a garment' (the prefix 'k' = as, 'sui' = garment), 'chatta'ah' means 'sin'.
[PSA.32.2] Blessed is the man whom Yahveh does not count as sin, and there is no deceit in his spirit. [§]
Ashrei adam lo yahshov Yahveh lo avon veEin berucho remiyah.
'Ashrei' means 'Blessed', 'adam' means 'man', 'lo' means 'who/whom not', 'yahshov' means 'counts as' or 'imputes', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'lo' (second occurrence) means 'no' or 'not', 'avon' means 'sin' or 'iniquity', 'veEin' means 'and there is no', 'berucho' means 'in his spirit', 'remiyah' means 'deceit' or 'fraud'.
[PSA.32.3] Because I have become silent, my bones are weakened, in my sighing all day. [§]
Ki hechrashti balu atzamai b'sha'agati kol-hayom.
'Ki' means 'because', 'hechrashti' means 'I have become silent' (first‑person perfect of the verb "charash" meaning 'to be silent'), 'balu' derives from the root "bal" meaning 'to waste, become weak', here rendered 'are wasted' or 'are weakened', 'atzamai' means 'my bones', 'b'sha'agati' means 'in my sighing' ("sha'ag" = 'to sigh, long for'), and 'kol-hayom' means 'all the day'.
[PSA.32.4] Because day and night your hand bears heavily upon me, it turns to oppression by the summer swords, a weapon of destruction. [§]
Ki yomam va-layla tikbad alai yadecha nehpach le-shadi be-charbonei kayitz sela.
'Ki' means 'because', 'yomam' means 'day', 'va-layla' means 'and night', 'tikbad' is a verb form meaning 'you become heavy' or 'you press heavily', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'nehpach' means 'is turned' or 'will turn', 'le-shadi' means 'to oppression' (shad = oppression), 'be-charbonei' is a construct phrase meaning 'by the swords' (charben = sword), 'kayitz' means 'summer', 'sela' is an obscure idiom that in this context is taken to mean 'weapon' or 'destructive instrument' based on the surrounding martial imagery.
[PSA.32.5] My sin I will inform you and my guilt I have not covered I said I will give thanks for my transgressions to Yahveh and you have borne the guilt of my sin Selah. [§]
Chatati odichah va'avoni lo kisiti amarti odeh alai peshai laYahveh ve'ata nasata avon chatati sela.
'Chatati' means 'my sin', 'odichah' means 'I will inform you', 'va'avoni' means 'and my guilt', 'lo' means 'not', 'kisiti' means 'I covered', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'odeh' means 'I will give thanks', 'alai' means 'upon', 'peshai' means 'my transgressions', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 've'ata' means 'and you', 'nasata' means 'have borne', 'avon' means 'guilt', 'chatati' again means 'my sin', 'sela' is a liturgical pause.
[PSA.32.6] Upon this, every pious one will pray to you at the time of encountering only the flood of many waters; they will not reach it. [§]
Al zot yitpalel kol chasid eilekha le'et metzo rak le'shetef mayim rabbim elav lo yagihu.
'Al' means 'upon', 'zot' means 'this', 'yitpalel' means 'will pray', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'chasid' means 'pious one', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'le'et' means 'at the time', 'metzo' means 'of finding' or 'of encountering', 'rak' means 'only', 'le'shetef' means 'for the overflow' (from the root sh-t-f, meaning to flood or pour), 'mayim' means 'waters', 'rabbim' means 'many' or 'great', 'elav' means 'to him/it', 'lo' means 'not', 'yagihu' means 'they will reach'.
[PSA.32.7] You are a cover for me, from trouble you will be my rock, my shouts of deliverance, you surround me, pause. [§]
Ata seter li mitsar titzreni ranei palate tesoveveni sela.
'Ata' means 'you', 'seter' means 'cover', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'mitsar' means 'from trouble', 'titzreni' means 'you will be my rock' (from the root 'tzur' meaning 'rock'), 'ranei' means 'my shouts', 'palate' means 'deliverance' or 'escape', 'tesoveveni' means 'you surround me', 'sela' is a liturgical term meaning 'pause' or 'stop'.
[PSA.32.8] I will make you understand and your light; in this way you will go, and I will set my eyes upon you. [§]
ashkilkha veorcha be-derekh-zu telekh i\'etzah alecha eini.
'ashkilkha' means 'I will make you understand', from the root 'shkl' (to be wise). 'veorcha' means 'and your light', with 'or' = light and the suffix '-cha' = your. 'be-derekh-zu' means 'in this way', where 'derekh' = way or path and 'zu' = this. 'telekh' is the future second‑person singular of 'halakh', meaning 'you will go' or 'you will walk'. 'i\'etzah' is a form of the verb 'atzah' meaning 'I will set' or 'I will fix', used here idiomatically as 'I will set (my)'. 'alecha' means 'upon you', with 'al' = upon and the suffix '-cha' = you. 'eini' means 'my eye' or 'my eyes', from 'eye' with the first‑person singular possessive. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special literal translation of a name is required.
[PSA.32.9] Do not be like a horse or a lion; there is no understanding in a turning and resin, his testimony to destruction, not near to you. [§]
Al-tihyu ke-sus ke-pered ein havin be-metag va-resen edyo livlom bal krov elekha.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tihyu' means 'be', 'ke-sus' means 'like a horse', 'ke-pered' means 'like a lion', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'havin' means 'understanding', 'be-metag' means 'in a turning', 'va-resen' means 'and resin', 'edyo' means 'his testimony', 'livlom' means 'to destruction', 'bal' means 'not', 'krov' means 'near', 'elekha' means 'to you'.
[PSA.32.10] Many afflictions are for the wicked, and the one who trusts in Yahveh, kindness surrounds him. [§]
Ravim mak'otim larashah veha boteach baYahveh chesed y'sovev'nu.
'Ravim' means 'many' or 'numerous'. 'Mak'otim' means 'afflictions' or 'pains'. 'Larashah' means 'for the wicked'. 'Veha' is a conjunction meaning 'and the'. 'Boteach' means 'one who trusts' or 'the trusting one'. 'BaYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', using the literal name translation for YHVH. 'Chesed' means 'kindness' or 'lovingkindness'. 'Y'sovev'nu' means 'surrounds him' (with the suffix -nu indicating 'him').
[PSA.32.11] Rejoice in Yahveh, and let the righteous rejoice, and let us shout, all upright of heart. [§]
Simchu baYahveh veGilu tzaddikim veHarninu kol yishrei lev.
'Simchu' means 'rejoice', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'veGilu' means 'and let (the) rejoice', 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous', 'veHarninu' means 'and let us shout (or sing) for joy', 'kol' means 'all', 'yishrei' means 'upright', 'lev' means 'heart'.
PSA.33
[PSA.33.1] Rejoice, O righteous, to Yahveh; for the upright a beautiful praise. [§]
Rannenu tzaddikim baYahveh layasharim na'awah tehillah.
'Rannenu' means 'rejoice' or 'sing with joy', 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous' (plural), 'baYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the preposition ba indicates direction toward the divine name), 'layasharim' means 'for the upright' (those who walk straight), 'na'awah' means 'pleasant' or 'beautiful', 'tehillah' means 'praise' (a hymn of worship).
[PSA.33.2] Give thanks to Yahveh with a harp, with a lyre, with asor, and make a melody to Him. [§]
Hodu laYahveh bekhinnor be-nevel asor zammeru-lo.
'Hodu' means 'Give thanks', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'bekhinnor' means 'with a harp', 'be-nevel' means 'with a lyre', 'asor' is a rare Hebrew musical term often understood as a type of instrument or sound (commonly rendered as a musical instrument such as a cymbal or pipe), and 'zammeru-lo' means 'sing to Him' or 'make melody to Him'.
[PSA.33.3] Sing to Yahveh a new song; make skillful music with a shout. [§]
Shiru lo shir chadash; heitivu nagen bitruah.
'Shiru' means 'sing', 'lo' means 'to him' (referring to Yahveh), 'shir' means 'song', 'chadash' means 'new', 'heitivu' means 'make skillful' or 'play skillfully', 'nagen' means 'music' or 'instrument', 'bitruah' means 'with a shout'.
[PSA.33.4] For the word of Yahveh is upright and all his work is with faithfulness. [§]
Ki yashar dvar Yahveh ve kol ma'asehu be'emunah.
'Ki' means 'for', 'yashar' means 'upright' or 'true', 'dvar' means 'word', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'ma'asehu' means 'his work' ('ma'aseh' = work, '-hu' = his), 'be'emunah' means 'in faithfulness' or 'with faithfulness'.
[PSA.33.5] He loves justice and judgment; Yahveh's kindness fills the earth. [§]
Ohev tzedakah u-mishpat, chesed Yahveh maleh haaretz.
'Ohev' means 'loves', 'tzedakah' means 'justice' or 'righteousness', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'chesed' means 'kindness' or 'steadfast love', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'maleh' means 'fills', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.33.6] By the word of Yahveh the heavens were made, and by the breath of his mouth all the hosts. [§]
Bidvar Yahveh shamayim na'asu u'veruch piav kol tzevaam.
'Bidvar' means 'by the word', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH as specified, 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'na'asu' means 'were made' or 'were created', 'u'veruch' means 'and by the breath', 'piav' means 'of his mouth', 'kol' means 'all', 'tzevaam' means 'the hosts' or 'the armies'.
[PSA.33.7] He gathers the waters of the sea like a sieve and places them in the storehouses of the deep. [§]
kones kanned mei hayam noten beotsarot tehomot.
'kones' means 'gathers', 'kanned' means 'like a sieve' (an idiom for separating or collecting), 'mei' means 'waters of', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'noten' means 'gives' or 'places', 'beotsarot' means 'in the storehouses', 'tehomot' means 'the depths' or 'the abyss'. The verb forms are third‑person singular, understood to refer to the LORD (Yahveh) from the surrounding context.
[PSA.33.8] They will fear from Yahveh, all the earth; from Him they will dwell, all the inhabitants of the world. [§]
Yir'u mei Yahveh kol ha-aretz mimennu yaguru kol yoshvei tevel.
'Yir'u' means 'they will fear', 'mei' means 'from' (here attached to 'Yahveh' to indicate 'from Yahveh'), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'mimennu' means 'from him', 'yaguru' means 'they will dwell' or 'they will settle', 'yoshvei' means 'inhabitants of', and 'tevel' means 'the world' or 'the earth'.
[PSA.33.9] For He said, and it was, He commanded, and He stood. [§]
Ki hu amar vayehi hu tzivah vayamod.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'hu' means 'he' referring to God, 'amar' means 'said', 'vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it came to be', 'hu tzivah' means 'he commanded', and 'vayamod' means 'and he stood'.
[PSA.33.10] Yahveh turned the counsel of the nations, and also turned the thoughts of the peoples. [§]
Yahveh hepir atzat-goiym heni machshavot amim.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the personal name of God. 'hepir' means 'he turned' or 'he changed'. 'atzat' means 'counsel' or 'plan'. 'goiym' is the plural noun 'nations'. The hyphen shows the construct 'counsel of the nations'. 'heni' means 'also' or 'again', indicating a second action. 'machshavot' is the plural of 'thought' or 'plan'. 'amim' is the plural 'peoples' or 'nations'.
[PSA.33.11] The counsel of Yahveh will stand forever; the thoughts of his heart are for generation after generation. [§]
Atsat Yahveh leolam taamod machshavot libo le-dor va-dor.
'Atsat' means 'counsel' or 'advice'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'Leolam' means 'forever' or 'for all time'. 'Taamod' means 'will stand' or 'endures'. 'Machshavot' means 'thoughts' or 'plans'. 'Libo' means 'his heart' (the heart of Yahveh). 'Le-dor va-dor' means 'for generation and generation', i.e., repeatedly across ages.
[PSA.33.12] Blessed is the nation whose God is Yahveh, the people he chose as his inheritance. [§]
Ashrei ha-goy asher Yahveh Elohav ha-am bachar le-nachalah lo.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'fortunate', 'ha-goy' means 'the nation', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohav' means 'His God' (Elohim with the suffix indicating 'his'), 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'bachar' means 'he chose', 'le-nachalah' means 'for an inheritance', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'his'.
[PSA.33.13] From the heavens Yahveh looked, Yahveh saw all the sons of man. [§]
Mi shamaim hibbit Yahveh raah et kol b'nei haadam.
'Mi' means 'from', 'shamaim' means 'the heavens', 'hibbit' means 'looked', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'raah' means 'saw', 'et' is the accusative particle marking the object, 'kol' means 'all', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'haadam' means 'the man' or 'humanity'.
[PSA.33.14] From his dwelling place he gazes toward all who dwell on the earth. [§]
Mim-mekhon-shibto hishgiyach el kol yoshevei haaretz.
'Mim' means 'from', 'mekhon' means 'place' or 'dwelling', together 'mim-mekhon' = 'from the place'. 'Shibto' means 'his sitting' or 'his seat'. 'Hishgiyach' means 'he looks over' or 'he gazes'. 'El' means 'toward' or 'to'. 'Kol' means 'all'. 'Yoshevei' means 'those who dwell' (people living). 'Haaretz' means 'the earth' or 'the land'.
[PSA.33.15] The Creator unites their hearts; the One who understands all their deeds. [§]
Hayotser yachad libam haMeivin el kol ma'aseihem.
'Hayotser' means 'the Creator', 'yachad' means 'together' or 'in unity', 'libam' means 'their heart' (plural sense: their hearts), 'haMeivin' means 'the One who understands', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'kol' means 'all', 'ma'aseihem' means 'their works' or 'their deeds'.
[PSA.33.16] There is no king who is saved in great strength; a mighty one will not be delivered in great power. [§]
Ein ha-melekh nosha be-rav chayil gibbor lo yinnatzeh be-rav koach.
'Ein' means 'there is not' or 'none', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'nosha' means 'will save' (future tense of save), 'be-rav' means 'in great' or 'with many', 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'might', 'gibbor' means 'mighty one' or 'warrior', 'lo' means 'not', 'yinnatzeh' means 'will be delivered' or 'will be rescued', 'be-rav' again means 'in great', 'koach' means 'power'.
[PSA.33.17] The horse's falsehood cannot bring salvation, and its great strength will not save. [§]
Sheker ha-sus litshua uve-rov cheilo lo yemale t.
'Sheker' means 'falsehood' or 'lie', 'ha-sus' means 'the horse', 'litshua' means 'for salvation' or 'to rescue', 'uve-rov' means 'and with great' (literally 'and in abundance'), 'cheilo' means 'its strength' or 'its power', 'lo' means 'not', 'yemale t' means 'will save' or 'will rescue'.
[PSA.33.18] Behold the eye of Yahveh is upon his fearful ones, upon those who wait for his love. [§]
Hinneh ein Yahveh el-yereav lamyachalim lechassdo.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'ein' means 'eye', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'el' means 'upon', 'yereav' means 'the ones who fear Him', 'lamyachalim' means 'those who wait or hope', 'lechassdo' means 'for his love or mercy'.
[PSA.33.19] To rescue their souls from death and sustain them in famine. [§]
Lehatsil mimavet nafsham ulechayotam barav.
'Lehatsil' means 'to save' or 'to rescue', 'mimavet' means 'from death', 'nafsham' means 'their soul' or 'their life', 'ulechayotam' means 'and for their living' or 'and for their livelihood', 'barav' means 'in famine' or 'when there is famine'.
[PSA.33.20] Our soul has longed for Yahveh; He is our help and our shield. [§]
Nafsheinu hiqtah laYahveh ezerenu u-magnenu hu.
'Nafsheinu' means 'our soul', 'hiqtah' means 'has waited' or 'has longed', 'laYahveh' means 'for the LORD' (YHWH rendered as Yahveh), 'ezerenu' means 'our help', 'u-magnenu' means 'and our shield', 'hu' means 'he' or 'it is'.
[PSA.33.21] For in God our heart will rejoice, because in God's holy name we have trusted. [§]
Ki vo yismah levenu ki be-shem kadosho batachnu.
'Ki' means 'for', 'vo' means 'in Him' (refers to God), 'yismah' means 'will rejoice', 'levenu' means 'our heart', 'ki' means 'because', 'be-shem' means 'in the name', 'kadosho' means 'His holy' (refers to God), 'batachnu' means 'we have trusted'.
[PSA.33.22] May your lovingkindness, Yahveh, be upon us, as we become sick before you. [§]
Yehi chasdeka Yahveh aleinu ka'asher yichalnu lakh.
'Yehi' means 'let it be' or 'may it be'. 'chasdeka' means 'your lovingkindness' (from the root chesed, meaning mercy or steadfast love). 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'aleinu' means 'upon us'. 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as'. 'yichalnu' is from the verb chal, meaning 'to become sick' or 'to be afflicted', so it means 'we become sick' or 'we are afflicted'. 'lakh' is the prepositional suffix meaning 'to you' (feminine singular).
PSA.34
[PSA.34.1] When David was old, he set his desire before Avimelech, and he drove him out and went. [§]
LeDavid beshannoto et-ta'mo lifnei Avimelech vayigarshehu vayelach.
'LeDavid' means 'to David', 'beshannoto' means 'in his years' (i.e., during his old age), 'et-ta'mo' means 'his taste' or 'his desire', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'Avimelech' is a personal name, 'vayigarshehu' means 'and he drove him out', 'vayelach' means 'and he went'.
[PSA.34.2] I will bless Yahveh at all times, always his praise in my mouth. [§]
Avarakha et-Yahveh bechol-et tamid tehilato befi.
'Avarakha' means 'I will bless', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bechol-et' means 'at every time' (be = in/at, chol = all, et = time), 'tamid' means 'always' or 'continually', 'tehilato' means 'his praise' (tehilah = praise, -o = his), 'befi' means 'in my mouth' (be = in, fi = my mouth).
[PSA.34.3] In Yahveh my soul shall be praised; the humble will hear and will rejoice. [§]
Ba-Yahveh tit'halel nafshi yishme'u anavim ve-yisma'chu.
'Ba' means 'in', 'Yahveh' is the name YHVH translated as Yahveh, 'tit'halel' means 'shall be praised', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'yishme'u' means 'they will hear', 'anavim' means 'the humble', 've' means 'and', 'yisma'chu' means 'they will rejoice'.
[PSA.34.4] Magnify Yahveh with me and we will lift up his name together. [§]
Gadlu leYahveh iti uneromma shemo yachdav.
'Gadlu' means 'grow' or 'magnify' (imperative masculine plural of gadel). 'leYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHVH rendered as Yahveh). 'iti' means 'with me'. 'uneromma' means 'and we will lift up' (first person plural imperfect of nara). 'shemo' means 'His name' (shem with the suffix -o). 'yachdav' means 'together'.
[PSA.34.5] I sought Yahveh and He answered me; and from all my troubles He delivered me. [§]
Darashti et Yahveh ve-anani u-mikol megurotai hisilani.
'Darashti' means 'I sought', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 've-anani' means 'and answered me', 'u-mikol' means 'and from all', 'megurotai' means 'my troubles' or 'my afflictions', and 'hisilani' means 'He delivered me' or 'He rescued me'.
[PSA.34.6] Look to God and rush, and let their faces not turn away. [§]
Hibbitu elav ve-naharu u-f'neyhem al-yechparu.
'Hibbitu' means 'look' (imperative plural), 'elav' means 'to God' (El = God), 've-naharu' means 'and they will rush' or 'and they will flow', 'u-f'neyhem' means 'and their faces', 'al-yechparu' means 'do not turn' (negative imperative).
[PSA.34.7] This poor one called, and Yahveh heard, and from all his troubles saved him. [§]
ze ani kara vYahveh shama u-mikol tzarotav hoshio.
'ze' means 'this', 'ani' means 'poor', 'kara' means 'called', 'vYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'shama' means 'heard', 'u-mikol' means 'and from all', 'tzarotav' means 'his troubles', 'hoshio' means 'saved him'.
[PSA.34.8] The watchman, the angel of Yahveh, surrounds those who fear Him and rescues them. [§]
choneh malach-yahveh saviv li-yir'av va-yechaltsam.
'choneh' means 'watchman' or 'guardian', 'malach-yahveh' means 'angel of Yahveh' (with Yahveh being the literal translation of YHVH), 'saviv' means 'around' or 'surrounding', 'li-yir'av' means 'to those who fear Him', and 'va-yechaltsam' means 'and He rescued them' (from the verb chalats meaning to deliver).
[PSA.34.9] Taste and see that Yahveh is good; blessed is the man who trusts in him. [§]
Taamu ureu ki tov Yahveh ashrei hagaver yecheshe-bo.
'Taamu' means 'taste', 'ureu' means 'and see', 'ki' means 'that/because', 'tov' means 'good', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ashrei' means 'blessed', 'hagaver' means 'the man', 'yecheshe-bo' means 'who trusts in him' (literally 'who takes refuge in him').
[PSA.34.10] Fear Yahveh, His holy ones, for there is no lack for those who fear Him. [§]
Yera'u et Yahveh kedoshav ki ain machsor li-yereav.
'Yera'u' means 'Fear' (imperative plural), 'et' is the accusative marker (not translated), 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'kedoshav' means 'His holy ones', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ain' means 'there is not' or 'no', 'machsor' means 'lack' or 'deficiency', 'li-yereav' means 'for those who fear Him'.
[PSA.34.11] The wicked have acted corruptly and have become hungry, and those who seek Yahveh will not lack any good. [§]
kephirim rashu ve-raevu ve-dorshei Yahveh lo yachseru kol tov.
'kephirim' means 'the wicked', 'rashu' means 'have acted corruptly' or 'have perverted', 've-raevu' means 'and have become hungry', 've-dorshei' means 'and those who seek', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'lo' means 'not', 'yachseru' means 'will lack', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'tov' means 'good'.
[PSA.34.12] Go, children; listen to me; I will teach you the fear of Yahveh. [§]
Lechu banim shimu li yirat Yahveh alammedkhem.
'Lechu' means 'go', 'banim' means 'children' or 'sons', 'shimu' means 'listen', 'li' means 'to me' or 'my', 'yirat' means 'fear of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, and 'alam medkhem' (alammedkhem) means 'I will teach you'.
[PSA.34.13] Who is the man who desires life, loves days, to see what is good. [§]
Mi ha-ish hachafetz chayim ohev yamim lirot tov.
'Mi' means 'who', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'ha-chafetz' means 'who desires', 'chayim' means 'life', 'ohev' means 'who loves', 'yamim' means 'days', 'lirot' means 'to see', 'tov' means 'good'.
[PSA.34.14] Guard your tongue from evil, and your lips from speaking deceit. [§]
Netsor leshoncha me-ra u'sfatecha midaber mirmah.
'Netsor' means 'guard', 'leshoncha' means 'your tongue', 'me-ra' means 'from evil', 'u'sfatecha' means 'and your lips', 'midaber' means 'from speaking', 'mirmah' means 'deceit'.
[PSA.34.15] Turn away from evil and do good; seek peace and pursue it. [§]
Sur me-ra ve'aseh tov baqesh shalom ve-radfehu.
'Sur' means 'turn away', 'me-ra' means 'from evil', 've'aseh' means 'and do', 'tov' means 'good', 'baqesh' means 'seek', 'shalom' means 'peace', 've' means 'and', 'radfehu' means 'pursue it'.
[PSA.34.16] The eyes of Yahveh are toward the righteous, and his ears are toward their cry. [§]
Eynay Yahveh el-tzaddikim ve-oznav el-shavaatam.
'Eynay' means 'eyes', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous', 've' means 'and', 'oznav' means 'his ears', 'shavaatam' means 'their cry' or 'their plea'.
[PSA.34.17] The face of Yahveh is against the evildoer, to cut off his offspring from the earth. [§]
P'nei Yahveh be'osei ra lehakhrith me'eretz zichram.
'P'nei' means 'the face of', 'Yahveh' is the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'be'osei' means 'in the doing of', 'ra' means 'evil', 'lehakhrith' means 'to cut off', 'me'eretz' means 'from the earth', 'zichram' means 'their seed' or 'their offspring'.
[PSA.34.18] They cried out and Yahveh heard, and He delivered them from all their troubles. [§]
Tsaaku vayahveh shama u-mikol-tsarotam hittsilam.
'Tsaaku' means 'they cried out', 'vayahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'shama' means 'heard', 'u-mikol' means 'and from all', 'tsarotam' means 'their troubles', 'hittsilam' means 'He delivered them'.
[PSA.34.19] Yahveh is near to the brokenhearted, and he saves those crushed in spirit. [§]
karov Yahveh le-nishbrei lev ve-et dakk'ei ruach yoshia.
'karov' means 'near'; 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH; 'le-nishbrei lev' means 'to the broken-hearted' (literally 'to those whose hearts are broken'); 've-et' is a conjunction meaning 'and'; 'dakk'ei ruach' means 'the crushed in spirit' (literally 'those who are crushed of spirit'); 'yoshia' means 'he saves'. The phrase describes God's compassionate action toward those who are emotionally broken and spiritually crushed.
[PSA.34.20] Many evils of the righteous, and from all of them Yahveh will rescue him. [§]
Rabot raot tzaddik u-mikulam yatzilenu Yahveh.
'Rabot' means 'many', 'raot' means 'evils' or 'troubles', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous one', 'u' means 'and', 'mikulam' means 'from all of them', 'yatzilenu' means 'he will rescue him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[PSA.34.21] He who watches over all his bones, not one of them is broken. [§]
Shomer kol-atsmotav achat mehenna lo nishbara.
'Shomer' means 'keeper' or 'guardian', 'kol' means 'all', 'atsmotav' means 'his bones', 'achat' means 'one', 'mehenna' means 'of it' or 'from it', 'lo' means 'not', 'nishbara' means 'is broken' (passive).
[PSA.34.22] The death of the wicked is evil, and those who hate the righteous will be blamed. [§]
Temotet rasha ra'ah ve'sonei tzaddik ye'ashamu.
'Temotet' means 'the death', 'rasha' means 'wicked', 'ra'ah' means 'evil', 've'sonei' means 'and those who hate', 'tzaddik' means 'the righteous', 'ye'ashamu' means 'they will be blamed/charged'.
[PSA.34.23] Praise Yahveh, the soul of his servants, and none of those who take refuge in him shall be blamed. [§]
Po-deh Yahveh ne-fesh a-va-dav ve-lo ye-ash-mu kol ha-cho-sim bo.
'Po-deh' means 'praise', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of the LORD, 'ne-fesh' means 'soul', 'a-va-dav' means 'his servants', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'ye-ash-mu' means 'they shall be blamed/ashamed', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'ha-cho-sim' means 'those who take refuge' (the ones who trust), 'bo' means 'in him'.
PSA.35
[PSA.35.1] Yahveh contended with my adversaries concerning war, my wars. [§]
LeDavid ribah Yahveh et yerivai lecham et lochamai.
'LeDavid' means 'to David', 'ribah' means 'contended' or 'argued', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'et' is a grammatical marker not rendered in English, 'yerivai' means 'my adversaries', 'lecham' can mean 'for war' or 'concerning war', the second 'et' is again a marker, and 'lochamai' means 'my wars'.
[PSA.35.2] Strengthen the shield and the banner, and arise with my help. [§]
hachazek magen ve-tzinah ve-kuma be-ezrati.
'hachazek' means 'strengthen', 'magen' means 'shield', 've-tzinah' means 'and banner' (or 'and standard'), 've-kuma' means 'and arise' or 'stand up', 'be-ezrati' means 'with my help' or 'in my help'.
[PSA.35.3] And the swift spear, and shut for the meeting of my pursuers; say to my soul, I am your salvation. [§]
veharek chanit usgor liqrat rodfai emor lenafshi yeshuatek ani
've' means 'and', 'harek' means 'swift' or 'sharp', 'chanit' means 'spear', 'usgor' means 'and shut/close', 'liqrat' means 'for the meeting' or 'to meet', 'rodfai' means 'my pursuers', 'emor' means 'say', 'lenafshi' means 'to my soul', 'yeshuatek' means 'your salvation', 'ani' means 'I' or 'I am'.
[PSA.35.4] Let those who seek my soul be ashamed and humbled; may they cease, be later, and be confounded, the planners of my evil. [§]
Yevosh u veyikhalmu mevakshei nafshi yissogu achor ve-yachperu choshevei raati.
'Yevosh' means 'they will be ashamed', 've' means 'and', 'yikhalmu' means 'they will be humbled', 'mevakshei' means 'those who seek', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'yissogu' means 'they will cease', 'achor' means 'later' or 'afterward', 've' means 'and', 'yachperu' means 'they will be confounded', 'choshevei' means 'the planners', 'raati' means 'of my evil'.
[PSA.35.5] They shall be as dust before the wind, and the messenger Yahveh presses. [§]
Yihyu kemos lifnei ruach u malach Yahveh doheh.
'Yihyu' means 'they shall be', 'kemos' means 'as dust', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ruach' means 'wind', 'u' means 'and', 'malach' means 'messenger' or 'angel', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'doheh' means 'presses' or 'pushes forward'.
[PSA.35.6] Let their ways be darkness and confusion, and the angel of Yahveh pursues them. [§]
Y'hi-darcham choshech v'chalaklakot u-mal'ach Yahveh rodefam.
'Y'hi' means 'let be', 'darcham' means 'their ways', 'choshech' means 'darkness', 'v'chalaklakot' means 'and divisions' or 'confusion', 'u-mal'ach' means 'and the angel', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, and 'rodefam' means 'pursues them' or 'chases them'.
[PSA.35.7] Because they have scorned and defiled me with wicked purpose, they have dug a pit for my soul. [§]
Ki chinam tamnu li shachat rishtam chinam chafru lenafshi.
'Ki' means 'because', 'chinam' (first occurrence) means 'they have been contemptuous' or 'they have treated me with scorn', 'tamnu' means 'they have defiled' and 'li' means 'to me', together 'tamnu li' = 'they have defiled me', 'shachat' means 'wickedness' or 'evil', 'rishtam' means 'their desire' or 'their purpose', 'chinam' (second occurrence) repeats the sense of 'contempt' or 'scorn', 'chafru' means 'they have dug' or 'they have prepared a pit', and 'lenafshi' means 'for my soul'.
[PSA.35.8] He will bring him into hatred, not knowing, and his share that he plotted will seize him; in hatred he will fall into it. [§]
Tevoehhu shoa lo yeida verishto asher taman tilkedo beshoa yipal bah.
'Tevoehhu' means 'he will bring (him)'; 'shoa' means 'hatred' or 'wickedness'; 'lo yeida' means 'does not know'; 'verishto' means 'and his portion' or 'share'; 'asher' means 'that'; 'taman' means 'he plotted' or 'concealed'; 'tilkedo' means 'will seize him' or 'will catch him'; 'besh oa' means 'in hatred'; 'yipal' means 'will fall'; 'bah' means 'into it' or 'upon it'.
[PSA.35.9] And my soul will rejoice in Yahveh; you will rejoice in his salvation. [§]
ve nafshi tagil baYahveh tasis bi shuato.
've' means 'and', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'tagil' means 'will rejoice', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'tasis' means 'you will rejoice', 'bi' means 'in', 'shuato' means 'his salvation'.
[PSA.35.10] All my bones will say, Yahveh, who is like you, who saves the poor from the strong, from him, and the poor and the destitute from his plunder. [§]
Kol atzmotai to'omerna Yahveh mi kamocha matsil ani mehazak mimenu ve'ani ve'evyon migozlo.
'Kol' means 'all', 'atzmotai' means 'my bones', 'to'omerna' means 'will say', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mi' means 'who', 'kamocha' means 'like you', 'matsil' means 'saves' or 'rescues', 'ani' means 'poor', 'mehazak' means 'from the strong', 'mimenu' means 'from him', 've'ani' means 'and poor', 've'evyon' means 'and destitute', 'migozlo' means 'from his plunder'.
[PSA.35.11] The witnesses of violence shall arise, that which I do not know, and they will ask me. [§]
Yekumun edey chamas asher lo yadati yishaluni.
'Yekumun' means 'they will arise' (future plural of rise). 'Edey' means 'the witnesses of' or 'witnesses'. 'Chamas' means 'violence' or 'bloodshed'. 'Asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'Lo' means 'not' or 'no'. 'Yadati' means 'I know' (first person singular past of know). 'Yishaluni' means 'they will ask me' (future plural of ask directed toward me).
[PSA.35.12] May they repay me evil for good, a torment to my soul. [§]
Yeshallemuuni ra'ah tachat tovah shekhol lenafshi.
'Yeshallemuuni' means 'they will repay me', 'ra'ah' means 'evil', 'tachat' means 'in place of' or 'for', 'tovah' means 'good', 'shekhol' means 'ruin' or 'torment', 'lenafshi' means 'to my soul'.
[PSA.35.13] And I, in their sickness, my skin clothing, I have been afflicted in fasting, my soul, and my prayer upon my bosom will return. [§]
va'ani ba-chalotam le'vushi sak in'eti ba-tzom nafshi u-tefilati al-cheki tashuv.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'ba-chalotam' means 'in their sickness', 'le'vushi' means 'my clothing', 'sak' means 'skin', 'in'eti' means 'I have been afflicted', 'ba-tzom' means 'in fasting', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'u-tefilati' means 'and my prayer', 'al-cheki' means 'upon my bosom', 'tashuv' means 'will return'.
[PSA.35.14] Like a wild beast—like a goat—toward me I have walked like a mother's lament, cursed my shame. [§]
k'ere'a‑k'e'ach li hi'tahalakhti ka'avel‑em k'oder shachoti.
'k'ere'a' means 'like a wild beast', 'k'e'ach' means 'like a goat', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'hi'tahalakhti' means 'I have walked', 'ka'avel‑em' means 'like a mother's lament', 'k'oder' means 'cursed' or 'accursed', 'shachoti' means 'my shame'.
[PSA.35.15] And in my brokenness they rejoiced, and they were gathered, gathered upon me the crippled, and I did not know; they tore, and they did not bleed. [§]
Uve-tsal'ii sam'chu ve-ne'esafu ne'esfu alai nekhim ve-lo yadi'ti kar'u ve-lo-damu.
'Uve-tsal'ii' means 'and in my brokenness', 'sam'chu' means 'they rejoiced', 've-ne'esafu' means 'and they were gathered', 'ne'esfu' repeats 'were gathered', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'nekhim' means 'the crippled' or 'the broken', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yadi'ti' means 'I knew' (negated as 'did not know'), 'kar'u' means 'they tore', 've-lo-damu' means 'and they did not bleed'.
[PSA.35.16] In the wings of the eagles' nest his teeth gnaw upon me. [§]
b'chanfei la'agei maog charok alayi shinemo.
'b'chanfei' means 'in the wings', 'la'agei' means 'of the eagles', 'maog' means 'of the nest', 'charok' means 'gnaws', 'alayi' means 'upon me', 'shinemo' means 'his teeth'.
[PSA.35.17] My Lord, how many times will you see? Return my soul from their burdens, from the proud ones, my only. [§]
Adonai kamma tir'eh hashiva nafshi misho'eyhem mikpirim yechidati.
'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'kamma' means 'how many' or 'how often', 'tir'eh' means 'will you see', 'hashiva' means 'return' (imperative), 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'misho'eyhem' means 'from their burdens', 'mikpirim' means 'proud ones' or 'giants', 'yechidati' means 'my only' or 'my unique one'.
[PSA.35.18] I will praise you in a great assembly, among the strong people. [§]
Odcha bekahal rav be'am atzum ahallelcha.
'Odcha' means 'I will thank/praise you', 'bekahal' means 'in the assembly', 'rav' means 'great or many', 'be'am' means 'among the people', 'atzum' means 'strong or powerful', 'ahallelcha' means 'I will praise you'.
[PSA.35.19] Let not my enemies rejoice over me; falsehood, the hating of mercy, shall flee swiftly. [§]
Al yismahu li oyvai sheker sonei chinam yikretsu ayin.
'Al' means 'let not' or 'do not'. 'yismahu' means 'they rejoice' (third person plural future). 'li' means 'to me' or 'over me'. 'oyvai' means 'my enemies'. 'sheker' means 'falsehood' or 'lying'. 'sonei' means 'those who hate' (literally 'haters'). 'chinam' means 'without mercy' or 'lacking compassion'. 'yikretsu' means 'they shall run' or 'they will flee'. 'ayin' is an adverb meaning 'swiftly' or 'with haste'.
[PSA.35.20] Because they will not speak peace, and on the ends of the earth they will devise deceitful words. [§]
ki lo shalom yedabberu ve'al rig'ei eretz divrei miramot yachashun.
'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'yedabberu' means 'they will speak', 've'al' means 'and on', 'rig'ei' means 'the ends' or 'corners', 'eretz' means 'of the earth', 'divrei' means 'words of', 'miramot' means 'deceit' or 'fabrications', 'yachashun' means 'they will devise' or 'think up'.
[PSA.35.21] And they widened over me their mouths, saying, 'Behold, behold, our eyes have seen.' [§]
vayarchivu alay pihhem amru he'ach he'ach ra'atah einenu.
'vayarchivu' means 'and they broadened' or 'they widened', 'alay' means 'over me' or 'upon me', 'pihhem' means 'their mouths', 'amru' means 'they said', 'he'ach' is an idiomatic exclamation equivalent to 'behold' or 'look', repeated for emphasis, 'ra'atah' means 'she saw' or 'has seen', and 'einenu' means 'our eyes'. The phrase 'they widened over me their mouths' is a figurative way of saying they opened their mouths wide in amazement or proclamation.
[PSA.35.22] Yahveh, you have seen; do not be silent, my Lord, do not turn away from me. [§]
Ra'ita Yahveh al-techerash Adonai al-tirchak mimeni.
'Ra'ita' means 'you have seen', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al-techerash' means 'do not be silent', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'al-tirchak' means 'do not turn away', and 'mimeni' means 'from me'.
[PSA.35.23] Awaken and rouse for my judgment, my God and my Lord for my dispute. [§]
ha'irah vehakitzah le-mishpati Elohai vaAdonai le-rivi.
'ha'irah' means 'the awakening' or 'awaken', 'vehakitzah' means 'and rouse' or 'and awakening', 'le-mishpati' means 'for my judgment', 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'vaAdonai' means 'and my Lord', 'le-rivi' means 'for my dispute' or 'for my contention'.
[PSA.35.24] Judge me according to your righteousness, Yahveh my God, and let them not rejoice over me. [§]
shapteni ketsidkecha Yahveh Elohai ve'al yismachu li.
'shapteni' means 'judge me', 'ketsidkecha' means 'according to your righteousness', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohai' means 'my God', 've'al' means 'and not', 'yismachu' means 'they will rejoice', 'li' means 'over me' or 'against me'.
[PSA.35.25] Do not say in their hearts, 'Our soul belongs to the brother' (or 'the one who has taken our soul'); do not say that we will curse him. [§]
Al-yoameru be-livam he-ach nafshenu al-yoameru bi-la'anuh.
'Al' means 'do not'; 'yoameru' means 'they will say' or 'they say'; 'be-livam' means 'in their heart' (be- = in, levam = their heart); 'he-ach' is a difficult word – literally it is the definite form of the root א-ח meaning 'brother' or, in some contexts, 'the one who took' – here it is taken as 'the brother' or 'the one who has taken' depending on the interpretation; 'nafshenu' means 'our soul' (nafshe = soul, -nu = our); the second half repeats 'al-yoameru' = 'do not say'; 'bi-la'anuh' is from the root ל-ע-ן meaning 'to reproach' or 'to curse', with the prefix bi- = 'in' or 'by' and the suffix -uh = 'him', so it means 'by his reproach' or 'that we will curse him'.
[PSA.35.26] May they be ashamed and disgraced together, the rejoicers of my evil will clothe themselves in shame and mockery, the exalters against me. [§]
Yeboshu ve yachperu yachdav samechei raati yilbeshu boshet uklema hamagdidim alai.
'Yeboshu' means 'they shall be ashamed', 've' means 'and', 'yachperu' means 'they shall be disgraced', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'samechei' means 'those who rejoice', 'raati' means 'my evil', 'yilbeshu' means 'they will put on', 'boshet' means 'shame', 'uklema' means 'and mockery', 'hamagdidim' means 'the exalters' or 'those who magnify', 'alai' means 'against me' or 'upon me'.
[PSA.35.27] Let those who delight in righteousness rejoice and say continually: Great is Yahveh, the One who delights in peace for his servant. [§]
yaronu ve-yismachu chafetsei tzedeki ve-yomru tamid yigdal Yahveh hechafetz shlom avdo.
'yaronu' means 'let them shout for joy', 've-yismachu' means 'and let them rejoice', 'chafetsei' means 'those who delight', 'tzedeki' means 'in righteousness', 've-yomru' means 'and let them say', 'tamid' means 'continually', 'yigdal' means 'great is', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'hechafetz' means 'the One who delights', 'shlom' means 'peace', 'avdo' means 'his servant'.
[PSA.35.28] And my tongue will sing your righteousness, all day your praise. [§]
Uleshoni tehege tzedkecha kol-hayom tehilatecha.
'Uleshoni' means 'and my tongue', 'tehege' means 'will sing' or 'will utter', 'tzedkecha' means 'your righteousness', 'kol-hayom' means 'all day', 'tehilatecha' means 'your praise'.
PSA.36
[PSA.36.1] To the chief musician, to the servant of Yahveh, David. [§]
lamnatseach le'evod Yahveh leDavid
'lamnatseach' means 'to the chief musician', 'le'evod Yahveh' means 'to the servant of Yahveh' (Yahveh being the literal translation of YHVH), 'leDavid' means 'to David'.
[PSA.36.2] An utterance of wickedness to the wicked in the midst of my heart; there is no fear of the Gods before his eyes. [§]
Ne'um-pesha larashah be-kerav libi ein-pachad Elohim le-negad einav.
'Ne'um' means 'utterance' or 'speech', 'pesha' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity', 'larashah' means 'to the wicked', 'be-kerav' means 'in the midst', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'pachad' means 'fear', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal plural name of God), 'le-negad' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'einav' means 'his eyes'.
[PSA.36.3] Because he gave a share to him in his eyes, to find his guilt to hate. [§]
ki-hechelik elav be'eynaw limtzo avono lisno.
'ki' means 'because', 'hechelik' (from the root chalak) means 'he gave a portion' or 'he granted a share', 'elav' means 'to him', 'be'eynaw' means 'in his eyes', 'limtzo' means 'to find', 'avono' means 'his guilt' or 'his iniquity', 'lisno' means 'to hate'.
[PSA.36.4] The words of his mouth are iniquity and deceit; he has ceased to be wise, to be good. [§]
Dibrei-piyv aven u-mirma chadal lehashkil leheitiv.
'Dibrei' means 'words of', 'piyv' means 'mouth', 'aven' means 'iniquity' or 'wickedness', 'u-mirma' means 'and deceit', 'chadal' means 'has ceased' or 'has stopped', 'lehashkil' means 'to become wise' or 'to understand', 'leheitiv' means 'to become good' or 'to improve'.
[PSA.36.5] Wickedness thinks on his bed; he stands on a bad road, evil, and will not be ashamed. [§]
Aven yachshov al-mishkavo yityatzev al-derekh lo-tov ra lo yimas.
'Aven' means 'wickedness' or 'evil', 'yachshov' means 'he thinks' or 'he plans', 'al-mishkavo' means 'on his bed', 'yityatzev' means 'he stands' or 'he positions himself', 'al-derekh' means 'on a road', 'lo-tov' means 'not good' (bad), 'ra' means 'evil', 'lo yimas' means 'will not be ashamed'.
[PSA.36.6] Yahveh in the heavens your kindness, your faithfulness to the clouds. [§]
Yahveh behashamayim chasdeka emunateka ad-shekhakim.
'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, meaning the personal name of God. 'be' means 'in'. 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens' or 'the skies'. 'chasd' means 'kindness' or 'loving‑kindness' and the suffix '-eka' means 'your', so 'chasd-eka' is 'your kindness'. 'emunat' means 'faithfulness' and '-eka' again makes 'your faithfulness'. 'ad' means 'until' or 'to'. 'shekhakim' means 'the clouds' or 'the heavens' in a poetic sense. The phrase therefore describes God's kindness and faithfulness reaching to the heavens.
[PSA.36.7] Your righteousness is like the mountains of God; your judgment is a great deep; you will save man and beast, Yahveh. [§]
Tsidkatecha keharrei-El mishpatecha tehom rabbah adam uvehemah toshia Yahveh.
'Tsidkatecha' means 'your righteousness', 'keharrei-El' means 'like the mountains of God' (El = God), 'mishpatecha' means 'your judgment', 'tehom' means 'deep' or 'abyss', 'rabbah' means 'great' or 'vast', 'adam' means 'man', 'uvehemah' means 'and beast', 'toshia' means 'you will save', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH as instructed.
[PSA.36.8] How precious is your lovingkindness, the Gods, and the sons of man; in the shadow of your wings they will find refuge. [§]
Mah-yaqar chasdecha Elohim u'venei adam b'tzel k'nafekha yechesayon.
"Mah-yaqar" means "how precious", "chasdecha" means "your lovingkindness", "Elohim" means "the Gods", "uvenei adam" means "and the sons of man", "b'tzel" means "in the shadow", "k'nafekha" means "of your wings", "yechesayon" means "they will find refuge".
[PSA.36.9] May your house be satisfied with grass, and may the stream of your delight be watered. [§]
Yirviyun middeshen beitecha ve'nachal adanecha tashkem.
'Yirviyun' means 'may they be satisfied', 'middeshen' means 'with grass', 'beitecha' means 'your house', 've'nachal' means 'and the stream', 'adanecha' means 'of your delights', 'tashkem' means 'you will water (it)'.
[PSA.36.10] For with you is the source of life; in your light we shall see light. [§]
Ki im mekha mekor chayyim bi-or kha nir'eh-or.
'Ki' means 'for', 'im' means 'with', 'mekha' means 'you' (addressing God), 'mekor' means 'source' or 'fountain', 'chayyim' means 'life', 'bi-or' means 'in the light of', 'kha' means 'your', 'nir'eh' means 'we shall see', 'or' means 'light'.
[PSA.36.11] Drawing your grace to those who know you and your righteousness to the upright of heart. [§]
meshokh chasdeka le-yode'echa ve-tzidkatecha le-yishrei-lev.
'meshokh' means 'drawing' or 'pulling', 'chasdeka' means 'your grace' or 'your lovingkindness', 'le-yode\'echa' means 'to those who know you', 've-tzidkatecha' means 'and your righteousness', 'le-yishrei-lev' means 'to the upright of heart'.
[PSA.36.12] Do not let the foot of the proud trample me, and do not let the hand of the wicked push me away. [§]
Al tevoeni regel gaavah veyad reshaim al tenideni.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tevoeni' means 'let (you) cause to step on me' (from the root meaning 'to tread'), 'regel' means 'foot', 'gaavah' means 'pride' or 'proud', together 'the foot of the proud', 've' means 'and', 'yad' means 'hand', 'reshaim' means 'wicked ones' (plural), so 'the hand of the wicked', 'al' again means 'do not', 'tenideni' means 'cause me to be shaken' or 'push me away' (from the root meaning 'to shatter, to push aside').
[PSA.36.13] There the workers of iniquity fell, they are crushed and cannot get up. [§]
Sham naplu po'alei aven dochu ve'lo yachlu kum.
'Sham' means 'there', 'naplu' means 'they fell', 'po'alei' means 'workers (of)', 'aven' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity', 'dochu' means 'they are crushed' or 'they are pressed down', 've'lo' means 'and not', together with 'yachlu' ('they can') it forms 'they cannot', and 'kum' means 'to rise' or 'to get up'.
PSA.37
[PSA.37.1] Of David: Do not be angry with the wicked, do not be jealous of those who practice injustice. [§]
LeDavid Al-titchar ba-mere'im Al-tekane be-osei avlah.
'LeDavid' means 'of David' (introductory phrase), 'Al' means 'do not', 'titchar' means 'be angry', 'ba-mere'im' means 'with the wicked', the second 'Al' also means 'do not', 'tekane' means 'be jealous' or 'be envious', 'be-osei' means 'with the doers of', and 'avlah' means 'injustice' or 'wrongdoing'.
[PSA.37.2] For the grass quickly withers, and like green herb it will be dried up. [§]
Ki kechatsir mehera yimallu ukhyerk deshe yivolun.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'kechatsir' means 'the grass', 'mehera' means 'quickly', 'yimallu' means 'will wither' or 'will become dry', 'ukhyerk' means 'and like green', 'deshe' means 'herb' or 'grass', 'yivolun' means 'they will be dried' or 'will wither'.
[PSA.37.3] Trust in Yahveh and do good, dwell in the land and be faithful. [§]
Betach baYahveh ve'aseh-tov shekhen eretz u're'eh emunah.
'Betach' means 'trust', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (YHVH translated as Yahveh), 've'aseh-tov' means 'and do good', 'shekhen' means 'dwell' or 'settle', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'u're'eh' means 'and shepherd' or 'tend', 'emunah' means 'faith' or 'trust'. The phrase 'u're'eh emunah' is an idiom meaning to be faithful or to care for faith.
[PSA.37.4] And delight upon Yahveh, and He will give you the desires of your heart. [§]
vehit'anag al-Yahveh ve-yitten lecha mish'alot libbecha.
'vehit'anag' means 'and delight', 'al' means 'upon', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the Divine Name YHWH, 've-yitten' means 'and He will give', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'mish'alot' means 'desires', 'libbecha' means 'of your heart'.
[PSA.37.5] Rely on Yahveh for your way, trust in Him, and He will act. [§]
Gol al-Yahveh darkecha uvtach alav vehu ya'aseh.
'Gol' is a directive meaning 'rely' or 'lean'. 'al-Yahveh' means 'on Yahveh', the personal name of God. 'darkecha' means 'your way(s)'. 'uvtach' means 'and trust'. 'alav' means 'in Him'. 'vehu' means 'and He'. 'ya'aseh' means 'will do' or 'will act'.
[PSA.37.6] And he will bring forth like light your righteousness and your judgment as the midday. [§]
vehotzi ka'or tzidkekha umishpatekha katzohrayim.
've' means 'and', 'hotzi' means 'will bring out' or 'will bring forth', 'ka'or' means 'like light', 'tzidkekha' means 'your righteousness', 'u' means 'and', 'mishpatekha' means 'your judgment', 'ka' means 'as' or 'like', 'tzohorayim' means 'the midday' or 'noon'.
[PSA.37.7] Silence to Yahveh and mock him not; do not be angry with the successful in his way, nor with a man who makes plots. [§]
Dom laYahveh ve'itcholel lo al-titchar be-matzlich darcho be-ish oseh mezimot.
'Dom' means 'silence' (noun, imperative sense 'be silent'), 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 've'itcholel' means 'and act foolishly' or 'and mock', 'lo' means 'to him' (referring to Yahveh), 'al-titchar' means 'do not become angry' (imperative negative), 'be-matzlich' means 'in the successful one' (literally 'with the one who succeeds'), 'darcho' means 'his way', 'be-ish' means 'in a man' or 'with a man', 'oseh' means 'who does' or 'who makes', 'mezimot' means 'plots' or 'schemes' (plural of 'plot').
[PSA.37.8] Soften from anger and abandon wrath; do not be angry, only to do evil. [§]
herf meaf vaazov chema al titchar ach leharea.
'herf' means 'soften' or 'be gentle', 'meaf' means 'from anger', 'vaazov' means 'and abandon', 'chema' means 'wrath' or 'fury', 'al' means 'do not', 'titchar' means 'be angry' (literally 'be inflamed'), 'ach' means 'only', 'leharea' means 'to do evil'.
[PSA.37.9] For the wicked will be cut off, and the hopeful of Yahveh will inherit the land. [§]
ki-mereim yikkareton ve-koy Yahveh hemah yirshu-aretz.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because'; 'mereim' means 'the wicked'; 'yikkareton' means 'they will be cut off'; 've' is the conjunction 'and'; 'koy' means 'those who hope' or 'the hopeful'; 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God; 'hemah' means 'they are'; 'yirshu-aretz' means 'they will inherit the land'.
[PSA.37.10] And still a little, and there is no wicked one, and you have considered his place and it is not. [§]
Veod me'at ve'ein rasha vehitbonanta al-mkomo ve'einenno.
'Veod' means 'and still' or 'yet a little', 'me'at' means 'a little' or 'some', 've'ein' means 'and there is not', 'rasha' means 'wicked one' or 'evil', 'vehitbonanta' means 'and you have considered' (second person masculine singular), 'al' means 'upon' or 'concerning', 'mkomo' means 'his place' or 'its location', 've'einenno' means 'and it is not' or 'and there is none of it'.
[PSA.37.11] But the meek shall inherit the earth, and they shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace. [§]
va'anavim yir'shu eretz vehit'angeu al rov shalom.
'va'anavim' means 'and the meek', 'yir'shu' means 'shall inherit', 'eretz' means 'land' or 'earth', 'vehit'angeu' means 'and shall delight themselves', 'al' means 'over' or 'in', 'rov' means 'abundance' or 'great amount', 'shalom' means 'peace'.
[PSA.37.12] The wicked plots against the righteous and gnaws his teeth upon him. [§]
Zomem rasha la tzaddik vechorek alav shinav.
'Zomem' means 'plots' or 'conspires', 'rasha' means 'wicked one', 'la' is a preposition meaning 'against' (literally 'to the'), 'tzaddik' means 'righteous one', 'vechorek' means 'and gnaws', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'shinav' means 'his teeth'.
[PSA.37.13] My Lord will laugh at him because he has seen that his day will come. [§]
Adonai yischak-lo ki ra'ah ki yavo yom.
'Adonai' means 'my Lord'; 'yischak' means 'will laugh'; '-lo' is a suffix meaning 'to him' or 'at him'; 'ki' means 'because' (used twice); 'ra'ah' means 'he saw'; 'yavo' means 'he will come' or 'will come'; 'yom' means 'day'.
[PSA.37.14] Swords the wicked have opened, and they have drawn their bows to strike down the poor and the needy, to make the upright of the way tremble. [§]
cheret pat'hu reshā'im ve-darchu kash'tam le-hapil 'ani ve-evyon lit'voach yisherei-darekh.
'cheret' means 'sword', 'pat'hu' means 'they have opened', 'reshā'im' means 'the wicked', 've-darchu' means 'and they have drawn', 'kash'tam' means 'their bows', 'le-hapil' means 'to bring down or strike', ''ani' means 'the poor', 've-evyon' means 'and the needy', 'lit'voach' means 'to cause to tremble', 'yisherei-darekh' means 'the upright of the way' (the righteous).
[PSA.37.15] Their sword will come into their heart, and their bows will be broken. [§]
Charbam tavo b'livam vekashtotam tishavrenah.
'Charbam' means 'their sword', 'tavo' means 'will come' or 'will reach', 'b'livam' means 'into their heart', 'vekashtotam' means 'and their bows', 'tishavrenah' means 'will be broken'.
[PSA.37.16] Good is little for the righteous compared to the multitude of the wicked. [§]
Tov-me'at la-tsaddik me'hamon resha'im rabim.
'Tov' means 'good', 'me'at' means 'little' or 'small', 'la-tsaddik' means 'for the righteous', 'me' means 'from' (here part of the construct), 'ha' means 'the', 'mon' (from 'hamon') means 'multitude' or 'great number', 'resha'im' means 'wicked', and 'rabim' means 'many' or 'great'.
[PSA.37.17] For the arms of the wicked will be broken, and Yahveh upholds the righteous. [§]
Ki zer'ot r'sha'im tishavernah ve'somekh tzaddikim Yahveh.
'Ki' means 'for', 'zer'ot' (literally 'arms') means 'the arms' or 'the strength', 'r'sha'im' means 'of the wicked', 'tishavernah' means 'will be broken', 've' means 'and', 'somekh' means 'upholds' or 'supports', 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.37.18] Yahveh knows the days of the perfect, and their inheritance will be forever. [§]
Yodea Yahveh yemei tamim ve-nechalatam le'olam tihyeh.
'Yodea' means 'knows', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'yemei' means 'days of', 'tamim' means 'perfect' or 'blameless', 've-nechalatam' means 'and their inheritance', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'tihyeh' means 'it will be'.
[PSA.37.19] They will not be ashamed in a time of trouble, and in the days of famine they will be satisfied. [§]
Lo- yevoshu be'et ra'ah u-bimei re'avon yisba'u.
"Lo" means "not", "yevoshū" means "they shall be ashamed", "be'et" means "in the time of", "ra'ah" means "evil" or "trouble", "u-bimei" means "and in the days of", "re'avon" means "famine", "yisba'u" means "they shall be satisfied".
[PSA.37.20] For the wicked will perish, and the enemies of Yahveh, like burning coals, are consumed in smoke; they are utterly destroyed. [§]
Ki reshaim yoavedu veoyvei Yahveh kikar karim kalu beashan kalu.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'reshaim' means 'the wicked', 'yoavedu' means 'will perish' or 'will be destroyed', 'veoyvei' means 'and the enemies of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'kikar' (here read as 'kikar') conveys the idea of 'like' or 'as', 'karim' means 'coals' or 'burning pieces', 'kalu' means 'they are consumed' or 'they have perished', 'beashan' means 'in smoke', and the final 'kalu' repeats the sense of total destruction.
[PSA.37.21] Not wicked and will not repay, and the righteous is gracious and gives. [§]
Lo rasha ve'lo yishalem ve tzaddik chonen ve noten.
'Lo' means 'not', 'rasha' means 'wicked', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yishalem' means 'he will repay' (future), 've' is 'and', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous', 'chonen' means 'gracious' or 'kind', 've' is 'and', 'noten' means 'he gives'.
[PSA.37.22] Because his blessed ones will inherit the land, and his cursed ones will be cut off. [§]
ki mevorachav yirshu aretz umkulalav yikaretu.
'ki' means 'because', 'mevorachav' means 'his blessed ones', 'yirshu' means 'will inherit', 'aretz' means 'the land', 'umkulalav' means 'his cursed ones', 'yikaretu' means 'will be cut off' or 'will be destroyed'. The phrase 'inherit the land' is a literal transfer of ownership.
[PSA.37.23] The waters of Yahveh, the steps of a man, we have established, and his way is pleasing. [§]
mei Yahveh mitzadei-gever konanu ve-darko yechepetz.
'mei' means 'waters of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mitzadei' means 'steps of', 'gever' means 'man' or 'strong man', 'konanu' means 'we have established' or 'we have set', 've' means 'and', 'darko' means 'his way', 'yechepetz' means 'is pleasing' or 'is desirable'.
[PSA.37.24] For he will fall, not be cut off, for Yahveh upholds his hand. [§]
ki yippol lo yutil ki Yahveh somekh yado.
'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'yippol' means 'he will fall', 'lo' means 'not', 'yutil' means 'will be cut off' or 'will be destroyed', 'ki' again means 'because' or 'for', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'somekh' means 'supports' or 'upholds', 'yado' means 'his hand'.
[PSA.37.25] I was a youth, even when I grew old, and I have not seen a righteous person abandoned, and his offspring seeking bread. [§]
na'ar hayiti gam-zaqanti ve'lo ra'iti tzaddik ne'ezav ve'zaro mevakesh lechem.
'na'ar' means 'youth' or 'young man', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'zaqanti' means 'I grew old', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous one', 'ne'ezav' means 'abandoned', 've'zaro' means 'and his offspring', 'mevakesh' means 'seeking', 'lechem' means 'bread'.
[PSA.37.26] All the day He is gracious and bountiful, and his offspring is a blessing. [§]
Kol-hayom chonen u-malveh ve-zaro livracha.
'Kol' means 'all', 'hayom' means 'the day', together 'Kol-hayom' = 'all the day'. 'Chonen' means 'gracious' or 'showing favor'. 'U' is the conjunction 'and'. 'Malveh' means 'bountiful' or 'providing abundance'. 'Ve' is another conjunction 'and'. 'Zaro' means 'his seed' or 'his offspring'. 'Livracha' means 'for blessing' or 'as a blessing'. The pronoun 'He' referring to the divine is understood as God.
[PSA.37.27] Turn away from evil and do good and dwell forever. [§]
Sur me-ra ve'aseh-tov u-shekhon le'olam.
'Sur' means 'turn away', 'me-ra' means 'from evil', 've'aseh-tov' means 'and do good', 'u-shekhon' means 'and dwell', 'le'olam' means 'forever'.
[PSA.37.28] Because Yahveh loves justice and will not abandon his faithful ones, they are kept forever, and the seed of the wicked will be cut off. [§]
Ki Yahweh ohev mishpat ve lo ya'azov et chasidav le'olam nishmaru ve zera resha'im nikhrat.
'Ki' means 'because', 'Yahweh' is the pronunciation of the divine name YHWH which will be translated as 'Yahveh', 'ohev' means 'loves', 'mishpat' means 'justice', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'ya'azov' means 'will abandon', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'chasidav' means 'his faithful ones', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'nishmaru' means 'are kept' or 'are preserved', 'ze' means 'and', 'zera' means 'seed' or 'offspring', 'resha'im' means 'wicked', 'nikhrat' means 'will be cut off'.
[PSA.37.29] The righteous will inherit the earth and will dwell forever upon it. [§]
Tzadikim yirshu eretz ve yishkenu la'ad aleya.
'Tzadikim' means 'righteous ones', 'yirshu' means 'will inherit', 'eretz' means 'the earth', 've' means 'and', 'yishkenu' means 'will dwell', 'la'ad' means 'forever', 'aleyha' means 'upon it'.
[PSA.37.30] The mouth of the righteous will utter wisdom and his tongue shall speak judgment. [§]
Pi tzaddik yehegeh chachmah uleshono tedaber mishpat.
'Pi' means 'mouth', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous one', 'yehegeh' means 'will speak' or 'utter', 'chachmah' means 'wisdom', 'uleshono' means 'and his tongue', 'tedaber' means 'shall speak', 'mishpat' means 'judgment'.
[PSA.37.31] The law of his God in his heart you will not delay his counsel. [§]
Torat Elohav b'libbo lo tim'ad ashurav.
'Torat' means 'law' (construct form, 'law of'). 'Elohav' means 'God of him' (Elohim = 'the Gods', here singular with suffix meaning 'his God'). 'b'libbo' means 'in his heart' (b- = 'in', libb = 'heart', -o = 'his'). 'lo' means 'not'. 'tim'ad' is the future second‑person singular form of the verb 'to delay', meaning 'you will delay'. Combined with 'lo' it means 'you will not delay'. 'ashurav' is a noun from the root meaning 'counsel' or 'advice', with the suffix -av meaning 'his', so it translates as 'his counsel'.
[PSA.37.32] The wicked watches the righteous and seeks to kill him. [§]
tzofe rasha latsaddik umevakesh lamito.
'tzofe' means 'watches' or 'is watching', 'rasha' means 'wicked' (masculine singular), 'latsaddik' means 'the righteous' (with the preposition 'to' indicating direction), 'umevakesh' means 'and seeks', 'lamito' means 'to kill him' (literally 'for his death').
[PSA.37.33] Yahveh will not abandon him by his hand, nor will He condemn him in his judgment. [§]
Yahveh lo yaazve-nu beyado velo yarshee-nu behishapto.
'Yahveh' is the Divine Name translated as Yahveh, 'lo' means 'not', 'yaazve-nu' means 'he will abandon him' (from the root azav meaning 'to leave' or 'abandon'), 'beyado' means 'by his hand' (literally 'in his hand'), 'velo' means 'and not', 'yarshee-nu' means 'he will condemn him' (from the root rashah meaning 'to condemn' or 'to judge as wicked'), 'behishapto' means 'in his judgment' (from the root mishpat meaning 'judgment' with the preposition 'be' meaning 'in').
[PSA.37.34] Hope to Yahveh and keep his way, and He will lift you up to inherit the land; by striking the wicked you will see. [§]
Kaveh el-Yahveh ushmor darko vi-yorimmekha la-reshet aretz be-hikkoret reshiyim tir'eh.
'Kaveh' means 'hope' or 'look', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'ushmor' means 'and keep/guard', 'dar'ko' means 'his way', 'vi-yorimmekha' means 'and He will lift you up', 'la-reshet' means 'to inherit', 'aretz' means 'land', 'be-hikkoret' means 'by striking', 'reshiyim' means 'the wicked', 'tir'eh' means 'you will see'.
[PSA.37.35] I saw the wicked, fierce, and one who curses like a flash, fresh. [§]
Ra'iti rasha aritz u'mit'areh ke'ezrach ra'anen.
'Ra'iti' means 'I saw', 'rasha' means 'wicked' or 'evil', 'aritz' means 'strong' or 'fierce', 'u'' is the conjunction 'and', 'mit'areh' is a verb meaning 'who curses' or 'who becomes angry', 'ke'ezrach' means 'like a flash of lightning' (ezrach = flash), 'ra'anen' means 'fresh', 'new' or 'green'.
[PSA.37.36] And he passed, and behold, he was not; and I sought him, and he was not found. [§]
vayya'avor vehineh einenu va'avakeshehu velo nimtza.
'vayya'avor' means 'and he passed', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'einenu' means 'he is not' or 'there is not (him)', 'va'avakeshehu' means 'and I sought him', 'velo' means 'and not', 'nimtza' means 'was found' (used here in the negative sense 'was not found').
[PSA.37.37] Guard the perfect and see upright, for the end brings peace to a man. [§]
shmar-tam u-re'e yashar ki acharit le-ish shalom.
'shmar-tam' means 'guard the perfect', 'u-re'e' means 'and see', 'yashar' means 'upright', 'ki' means 'for', 'acharit' means 'the end', 'le-ish' means 'to a person', 'shalom' means 'peace'.
[PSA.37.38] The transgressors shall be destroyed together; the end of the wicked shall be cut off. [§]
uposheiim nishmedu yachdav acharit reshaim nichratah.
'uposheiim' means 'the transgressors', 'nishmedu' means 'shall be destroyed', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'acharit' means 'the end', 'reshaim' means 'of the wicked', 'nichratah' means 'shall be cut off'.
[PSA.37.39] And the salvation of the righteous is from Yahveh, their stronghold in the time of trouble. [§]
u-teshuat tzedikim meYahveh ma'ozam be'et tzarah.
'u-' means 'and', 'teshuat' means 'salvation', 'tzedikim' means 'of the righteous', 'meYahveh' means 'from Yahveh', 'ma'ozam' means 'their stronghold' (literally 'their help' or 'fortress'), 'be'et' means 'in the time', 'tzarah' means 'trouble' or 'distress'.
[PSA.37.40] And Yahveh helped them and rescued them, rescued them from evildoers and saved them because they trusted in Him. [§]
Vay-ya'azrem Yahveh vayefalletem yefalletem mereshachim veyoshi'em ki chasu bo.
'Vay-ya'azrem' means 'and (He) helped them', 'Yahveh' is the literal name for YHVH, 'vayefalletem' means 'and (He) rescued them', 'yefalletem' repeats 'rescued them', 'mereshachim' means 'from evildoers', 'veyoshi'em' means 'and (He) saved them', 'ki' means 'because', 'chasu' means 'they trusted', 'bo' means 'in Him'.
PSA.38
[PSA.38.1] A psalm of David, for remembrance. [§]
Mizmor leDavid leHazkir.
'Mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (indicating authorship), 'leHazkir' means 'to remember' or 'for remembrance'.
[PSA.38.2] Yahveh, do not rebuke me in your anger, and do not chastise me in your wrath. [§]
Yahveh al beqetzpecha tokheicheni u vachamatecha teyassereni.
'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH. 'al' means 'do not'. 'beqetzpecha' means 'in your anger' (b- = 'in', qetzef = 'anger', -cha = 'your'). 'tokheicheni' means 'rebuke me' (to + kheich = 'rebuke', -eni = 'me'). 'u' means 'and'. 'vachamatecha' means 'in your wrath' (va- = 'and/in', chamah = 'wrath', -techa = 'your'). 'teyassereni' means 'chasten me' or 'scold me' (teyasser = 'you will chastise', -eni = 'me').
[PSA.38.3] For your portion has rested in me, and your hand has rested upon me. [§]
Ki chitsecha nichatu bi vatinchat alai yadecha.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because'. 'chitsecha' is 'your half' or 'your portion' (the suffix '-cha' refers to the second person singular, addressing God). 'nichatu' means 'they have rested' (third person plural perfect of נחת). 'bi' means 'in me'. 'vatinchat' means 'and you have rested' (second person masculine singular perfect with vav-conjunction). 'alai' means 'upon me'. 'yadecha' means 'your hand' (with the second person singular possessive suffix). The verse addresses God, but no specific divine name appears, so no special literal naming is required.
[PSA.38.4] There is no innocence in my flesh because of your anger; there is no peace in my bones because of my sin. [§]
Ein-metom bi-vasari mipnei za'emecha. Ein-shalom ba'atzamai mipnei chatati.
'Ein' means 'there is no', 'metom' means 'innocent' or 'pure', 'bi-vasari' means 'in my flesh', 'mipnei' means 'because of' or 'on account of', 'za'emecha' means 'your anger', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'ba'atzamai' means 'in my bones', 'chatati' means 'my sin'.
[PSA.38.5] Because my iniquities have passed over my head like a heavy load, they press down upon me. [§]
ki avonotai avru roshi ke-massa kaved yikvedu mimeni
'ki' means 'because'; 'avonotai' means 'my iniquities'; 'avru' means 'have passed beyond' or 'have overwhelmed'; 'roshi' means 'my head'; 'ke-massa' means 'like a load' or 'as a burden'; 'kaved' means 'heavy'; 'yikvedu' means 'they become heavy' or 'they press down'; 'mimeni' means 'from me' or 'upon me'.
[PSA.38.6] Bring, cleanse my companions before I have been humbled. [§]
hibishu namaku chaburotai mipnei ivalti.
'hibishu' is the imperative plural form of the verb meaning 'bring' or 'bring forth'. 'namaku' is the imperative plural masculine of a verb meaning 'to purify' or 'to cleanse'. 'chaburotai' is the feminine plural noun 'companions' in the construct state with the first‑person singular suffix, thus 'my companions'. 'mipnei' is a preposition meaning 'before', 'in front of' or 'because of'. 'ivalti' is the perfect first‑person singular of a verb meaning 'to be humbled' or 'to be ruined', rendered here as 'I have been humbled'.
[PSA.38.7] I was ashamed, I was filthy, exceedingly, all day early I walked. [§]
naaveeti shachoti ad meod kol hayom koder hilachti.
'naaveeti' means 'I was ashamed', 'shachoti' means 'I was filthy', 'ad meod' means 'exceedingly' or 'very much', 'kol hayom' means 'all day' or 'the whole day', 'koder' means 'early' or 'before', 'hilachti' means 'I walked'.
[PSA.38.8] For my sandals are full of weariness, and there is no perfection in my flesh. [§]
Ki-ke'salai malu nekleh ve'eyn metom bivshari.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ke'salai' means 'my sandals', 'malu' means 'are full', 'nekleh' is a noun from the root 'nql' meaning 'weariness' or 'exhaustion', 've'eyn' means 'and there is no', 'metom' means 'perfect' or 'complete', 'bivshari' means 'in my flesh'.
[PSA.38.9] I am exhausted and I am worn out to the utmost; I have become sorrowful from the sighing of my heart. [§]
Nefugoti ve-nidcheti ad meod sha'agti minahamet libi.
'Nefugoti' means 'I am exhausted', 've-nidcheti' means 'and I am worn out', 'ad meod' means 'to the utmost' or 'extremely', 'sha'agti' means 'I am afflicted' or 'I have become sorrowful', 'minahamet' means 'from the sighing' (derived from the root for sigh or lament), 'libi' means 'my heart'.
[PSA.38.10] My Lord, before you all my desire and my sighs are not hidden. [§]
Adonai negdeka kol-ta'avati ve'anhati mimkha lo nistara.
'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'negdeka' means 'in front of you' or 'before you', 'kol' means 'all', 'ta'avati' means 'my desire', 've' means 'and', 'anhati' means 'my sighs', 'mimmkha' means 'from you', 'lo' means 'not', 'nistara' means 'hidden'.
[PSA.38.11] My heart is burning, it has abandoned me, my strength and the light of my eyes also are not with me. [§]
Libi secharchar azavani kochi ve'or-einai gam-hem ein itti.
'Libi' means 'my heart', 'secharchar' means 'burning' or 'flaming', 'azavani' means 'has abandoned me', 'kochi' means 'my strength', 've'or' means 'and light', 'einai' means 'my eyes', 'gam-hem' means 'also they', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'itti' means 'with me'.
[PSA.38.12] My loves and my friends stand before my adversary, and my near ones stand from far away. [§]
Ohavai ve-rei minneged nig'i yaamodu u-kravai merachok amadu.
'Ohavai' means 'my loves' or 'my beloved ones', 've-rei' means 'and my friend(s)', 'minneged' means 'in front of' or 'before', 'nig'i' means 'my adversary' or 'my opponent', 'yaamodu' means 'they will stand', 'u-kravai' means 'and my near ones' or 'those close to me', 'merachok' means 'from far away' or 'from a distance', 'amadu' means 'they stood' or 'they stand'.
[PSA.38.13] They humbled those who seek my soul and those who search my harm; they spoke lies and deceptions all day long, and they shall mutter. [§]
Va-ye-nakshu mevakshei nafshi ve-dorshei raati dibbu havot u-mirmot kol-hayom yehgu.
'Va-ye-nakshu' means 'they humbled' or 'they humbled themselves'; 'mevakshei' means 'those who seek'; 'nafshi' means 'my soul'; 've-dorshei' means 'and those who search'; 'raati' means 'my evil' or 'my harm'; 'dibbu' means 'they spoke'; 'havot' means 'lies' or 'falsehoods'; 'u-mirmot' means 'and deceptions'; 'kol-hayom' means 'all day' or 'the whole day'; 'yehgu' means 'they shall mutter' or 'they shall be in confusion'.
[PSA.38.14] And I, as a deaf one, will not hear; and as a mute one I will not open his mouth. [§]
va ani keheresh lo eshma uke'ilem lo yiftach piv.
'va' means 'and', 'ani' means 'I', 'keheresh' means 'as a deaf one', 'lo' means 'not', 'eshma' means 'I will hear', 'uke'ilem' means 'as a mute one', 'lo' means 'not', 'yiftach' means 'he will open', 'piv' means 'his mouth'.
[PSA.38.15] And I was like a man who does not listen, and there is no rebuke in his mouth. [§]
va'ehiy ke'ish asher lo shomea ve'ein befi tokhakhot.
'va'ehiy' means 'and I was', 'ke'ish' means 'like a man', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'lo' means 'not', 'shomea' means 'listening' or 'hearing', 've'ein' means 'and there is no', 'befi' means 'in his mouth', 'tokhakhot' means 'rebukes' or 'reproofs'.
[PSA.38.16] For to you Yahveh I have hoped, you will answer, my Lord my Gods. [§]
Ki lecha YHVH hochalti attah taaneh Adonai Elohai.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'YHVH' means 'Yahveh', 'hochalt i' (hochalt-i) means 'I have hoped', 'attah' means 'you', 'taaneh' means 'will answer', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Elohai' means 'my Gods' (literal from Elohim = the Gods).
[PSA.38.17] For I said, lest they rejoice against me in the trembling of my foot, they have magnified themselves over me. [§]
ki amarti pen yismachu li be-mot ragli alai hig'dilu.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because'; 'amarti' means 'I said'; 'pen' means 'lest' or 'in case'; 'yismachu' means 'they will rejoice'; 'li' means 'to me' or 'against me'; 'be-mot' means 'in the shaking/trembling'; 'ragli' means 'my foot'; 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'against me'; 'hig'dilu' means 'they magnified' or 'they made great'. The phrase 'be-mot ragli' is an idiom for a sudden stumble or loss of footing.
[PSA.38.18] For I am to the rock steadfast and my pain before me always. [§]
Ki ani le-tzela nachon u-mak'ovi negdi tamid.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ani' means 'I', 'le-tzela' means 'to the rock', 'nachon' means 'firm' or 'steadfast', 'u-' means 'and', 'mak'ovi' means 'my pain' or 'my suffering', 'negdi' means 'before me' or 'against me', 'tamid' means 'always'.
[PSA.38.19] For my guilt I will declare I am troubled from my sin. [§]
kee ah-voh-nee ah-geed eh-dahg meh-khah-tah-tee.
'kee' means 'for', 'ah-voh-nee' means 'my guilt' or 'my iniquity', 'ah-geed' means 'I will declare' or 'I will tell', 'eh-dahg' means 'I will be troubled' or 'I will be anxious', 'meh-khah-tah-tee' means 'from my sin'.
[PSA.38.20] And my enemies, the living, have become strong, and many are the haters of falsehood. [§]
Ve'oyvai chayyim atzemu ve-rabbu sone'ei sheker.
'Ve'oyvai' means 'and my enemies', 'chayyim' means 'the living' (or 'lives'), 'atzemu' means 'have become strong' or 'have grown strong', 've-rabbu' means 'and they are many' or 'and many are', 'sone'ei' means 'haters of', 'sheker' means 'falsehood' or 'lie'.
[PSA.38.21] And those who repay evil for good, they will despise me for my good pursuit. [§]
u meshallmei raah tachat tovah yishtenu tachat radufi-tov
'u' means 'and', 'meshallmei' means 'those who repay' (from the verb shalem), 'raah' means 'evil', 'tachat' means 'instead of' or 'in place of', 'tovah' means 'good', 'yishtenu' means 'they will despise me', the second 'tachat' again means 'instead of', and 'radufi-tov' is a compound meaning 'my good pursuit' (raduf = pursuit, tov = good). The phrase thus contrasts repayment of evil for good and despising in the context of a good pursuit.
[PSA.38.22] Do not abandon me Yahveh my God, do not draw away from me. [§]
Al-ta'azveini YHWH Elohai al-tirchach mimeni.
'Al' means 'do not', 'ta'azveini' means 'you will abandon me', 'YHWH' is the divine name translated as 'Yahveh', 'Elohai' means 'my God', the second 'al' again means 'do not', 'tirchach' means 'you will draw away', 'mimeni' means 'from me'.
[PSA.38.23] Hurry for my help, my Lord, my salvation. [§]
Hushah le'ezrati Adonai teshua-ti.
'Hushah' means 'hurry' (imperative), 'le'ezrati' means 'for my help', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'teshua-ti' means 'my salvation'.
PSA.39
[PSA.39.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lam'natzeach Lidditon Mizmor leDavid.
'Lam'natzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'Lidditon' is understood as an idiomatic heading meaning 'according to the arrangement for the singers/choir', 'Mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', and 'leDavid' means 'of David' or 'belonging to David'.
[PSA.39.2] I said, I will guard my ways from sin in my tongue; I will keep a seal on my mouth even while the wicked stands before me. [§]
amarti eshmera drakhai mechato bilshoni eshmera lefi machsom beod rasha lenegdi.
'amarti' means 'I said', 'eshmera' means 'I will keep' or 'I will guard', 'drakhai' means 'my ways', 'mechato' means 'from sin', 'bilshoni' means 'in my tongue', the second 'eshmera' repeats 'I will keep', 'lefi' means 'by the mouth' or 'with my mouth', 'machsom' means 'a seal' or 'a stopper', 'beod' means 'while still' or 'even though', 'rasha' means 'wicked', and 'lenegdi' means 'before me' or 'in my presence'.
[PSA.39.3] I am silenced, mute; I have kept silent from good, and my pain is delayed. [§]
Ne'elamti dumiyah, hecheseti mi-tov, u-ke'ebi ne'kar.
'Ne'elamti' means 'I am silenced' or 'I have become mute'; 'dumiyah' means 'silence' or 'muteness'; 'hecheseti' means 'I kept silent' or 'I hushed'; 'mi-tov' means 'from good' (with the preposition 'from' and the noun 'good'); 'u-ke'ebi' means 'and my pain' (with the conjunction 'and' and the noun 'pain' with the first person singular possessive); 'ne'kar' means 'is delayed' or 'is postponed'.
[PSA.39.4] My heart is hot within me; in my agitation fire will burn, I have spoken with my tongue. [§]
Cham libbi beqirvi ba hagigi tivar esh dibbarti bilshoni.
'Cham' means 'hot', 'libbi' means 'my heart', 'beqirvi' means 'in my interior', 'ba hagigi' means 'in my agitation', 'tivar' means 'will burn', 'esh' means 'fire', 'dibbarti' means 'I have spoken', 'bilshoni' means 'with my tongue'.
[PSA.39.5] Yahveh, inform me of my end and the measure of my days, what is it? I know what has ended for me. [§]
Hodi'eni Yahveh kitsi u-middat yamai ma hi? Edah ma chadel ani.
'Hodi'eni' means 'inform me' or 'tell me', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'kitsi' means 'my end', 'u-middat' means 'and the measure', 'yamai' means 'of my days', 'ma hi' means 'what is it', 'edah' means 'I know', 'ma' means 'what', and 'chadel' means 'has ceased' or 'has ended', 'ani' means 'I'.
[PSA.39.6] Behold the thinness you gave my days and my portion like nothing before you; only vanity, all mankind stands. Selah. [§]
hineh t'fachot natata yamai vecheldi ke'ayin negdecha ach kol-hevel kol-adam nitzav selah.
'hineh' means 'behold', 't'fachot' means 'thinness' or 'frailness', 'natata' means 'you gave', 'yamai' means 'my days', 'vecheldi' means 'and my portion', 'ke'ayin' means 'like nothing', 'negdecha' means 'before you', 'ach' means 'only', 'kol-hevel' means 'all vanity', 'kol-adam' means 'all mankind', 'nitzav' means 'stands' or 'is standing', 'selah' is a musical or liturgical term left untranslated.
[PSA.39.7] Only in the image does a man walk; only vanity will be perished, he will be preserved, and he does not know who gathers them. [§]
ach be-tzelem yithalek ish ach hevel yehemayun yitzbor velo yeda mi osfam.
'ach' means 'only', 'be-tzelem' means 'in the image', 'yithalek' means 'will walk', 'ish' means 'a man', 'hevel' means 'vanity', 'yehemayun' means 'will be perished', 'yitzbor' means 'will be preserved', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yeda' means 'knows', 'mi' means 'who', 'osfam' means 'gathers them'.
[PSA.39.8] Now what have I hoped, my Lord? I have endured for you, it is. [§]
Ve'atta ma-kiivit'i Adonai tochalti lecha hi.
'Ve'atta' means 'now', 'ma-kiivit'i' means 'what I have hoped', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'tochalti' means 'I have endured', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'hi' means 'it'.
[PSA.39.9] From all my transgressions save me, the scorn of a fool, do not set me. [§]
Mi-kol-pesha'i hatsileni cherpat naval al-t'simeini.
'Mi' means 'from', 'kol' means 'all', together 'mi-kol' = 'from all'. 'Pesha'i' means 'my transgressions' (pesha = transgression, -i = my). 'Hatsileni' means 'save me' (hatzil = save, -eni = me). 'Cherpat' means 'the scorn' or 'mockery' (cherpah = mockery). 'Naval' means 'fool' or 'foolish' (naval = foolish). 'Al' means 'do not'. 'T'simeini' means 'you will set/place me' (tashimeni = you will set me).
[PSA.39.10] I am stunned; I will not open my mouth, because you have acted. [§]
Neelamti lo eptach pi ki atah asita.
'Neelamti' means 'I am stunned' or 'I am bewildered', 'lo' means 'not', 'eptach' means 'I will open', 'pi' means 'my mouth', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'atah' means 'you', 'asita' means 'you have done' or 'you have acted'.
[PSA.39.11] Remove from me your touch, from the grasp of your hand; I am finished. [§]
haseir me'alai nigeekha mitig'rat yadkha ani kaliti.
'haseir' means 'remove', 'me'alai' means 'from upon me', 'nigeekha' means 'your touch' (second person masculine singular), 'mitig'rat' means 'from the grasp' or 'from the clutch', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'ani' means 'I', and 'kaliti' means 'I am finished' or 'I have perished'.
[PSA.39.12] In reproof for iniquity you have disciplined a man and you have crushed his delight like wax; but vanity is all man, hush. [§]
Betochachot al avon yissarta ish vatemes kaash chamudo ach hevel kol adam sela.
'Betochachot' means 'in reproofs' or 'in rebukes', 'al' means 'for' or 'because of', 'avon' means 'iniquity' or 'sin', 'yissarta' means 'you have disciplined' (second person masculine singular), 'ish' means 'a man', 'vatemes' means 'and you have crushed', 'kaash' means 'like wax', 'chamudo' means 'his delight', 'ach' means 'but' or 'only', 'hevel' means 'vanity' or 'futility', 'kol adam' means 'all humanity' or 'every man', and 'sela' is an imperative meaning 'silence' or 'hush'.
[PSA.39.13] Listen to my prayer, Yahveh, and my supplication; hear my tears. Do not be silent, for I am a sojourner with you, a dweller as all my ancestors. [§]
shimm'ah tefilati Yahveh ve-shav'ati ha'azina el-dim'ati al-techerash ki ger anochi immah toshav kechol avotai.
'shimm'ah' means 'listen', 'tefilati' means 'my prayer', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 've-shav'ati' means 'and my supplication', 'ha'azina' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'el-dim'ati' means 'to my tears', 'al-techerash' means 'do not be silent', 'ki' means 'because', 'ger' means 'sojourner' or 'foreigner', 'anochi' means 'I', 'immah' means 'with you', 'toshav' means 'dweller' or 'resident', 'kechol' means 'as all', and 'avotai' means 'my ancestors'.
[PSA.39.14] Save me from myself, and I will be humbled before I go, and I will not be. [§]
hasha mimeni veabliga be terem elekh ve eineni.
'hasha' means 'save' or 'rescue', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'veabliga' means 'and I will be humbled' (from the root ba-lag meaning to be humbled or humbled oneself), 'be terem' means 'before' or 'prior to', 'elekh' means 'I go' or 'I will go', 've eineni' means 'and I am not' or 'and I will not be'.
PSA.40
[PSA.40.1] A psalm of David, to the chief musician. [§]
Lamenatzeach leDavid mizmor.
'Lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'mizmor' means 'a psalm' (a musical poem).
[PSA.40.2] I hoped, I waited for Yahveh, and He turned to me and He heard my cry. [§]
Kavoh kiviti Yahveh vayet elai vayishma shavati.
'Kavoh' means 'I hoped', 'kiviti' means 'I waited', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayet' means 'and He turned', 'elai' means 'to me', 'vayishma' means 'and He heard', 'shavati' means 'my cry'.
[PSA.40.3] And he lifted me out of the pit of destruction, out of the mire, and set my feet upon a rock, establishing my steps. [§]
va-ya'ale'ni mibbor shaon mittit hayaven vayakem al-sela raglai konen ashuri.
'va-ya'ale'ni' means 'and he lifted me', 'mibbor' means 'out of a pit', 'shaon' means 'destruction', 'mittit' means 'out of the mire', 'hayaven' means 'the mire', 'vayakem' means 'and he set', 'al-sela' means 'upon a rock', 'raglai' means 'my feet', 'kone n' means 'establishing', 'ashuri' means 'my steps'.
[PSA.40.4] And he gave a new song of praise to our God; many will fear and be afraid, and they will trust in Yahveh. [§]
Vayiten befi shir chadash tehila le-Eloheinu yir'u rabbim ve-yir'aru ve-yivtachu baYahveh.
'Vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'befi' means 'in the mouth', 'shir' means 'song', 'chadash' means 'new', 'tehila' means 'praise', 'le-Eloheinu' means 'to our God', 'yir\'u' means 'they will fear', 'rabbim' means 'many', 've-yir\'aru' means 'and they will be afraid', 've-yivtachu' means 'and they will trust', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh'.
[PSA.40.5] Blessed the man who has placed Yahveh his trust and does not turn to worthless things and to the evildoers of falsehood. [§]
Ashrei ha-gever asher sam Yahveh mivtacho ve-lo pana el rehavim ve-satei kazav.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed', 'ha-gever' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'sam' means 'has placed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mivtacho' means 'his trust', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'pana' means 'turn', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'rehavim' means 'worthless things', 've-satei' means 'and the evildoers' or 'those who corrupt', 'kazav' means 'a lie' or 'falsehood'.
[PSA.40.6] Many things you have done, O Yahveh my God; your wonders and your thoughts toward us; there is no one like you; I will declare and I will speak, my soul from the book. [§]
Rabbot asita atah Yahveh Elohai niflaotecha u-machshovecha eleinu ein aroch elecha aggida va'adabera atzmu misapper.
'Rabbot' means 'many' or 'great number', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'atah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'niflaotecha' means 'your wonders', 'u-machshovecha' means 'and your thoughts', 'eleinu' means 'to us', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'aroch' means 'equal' or 'like', 'elecha' means 'you', 'aggida' means 'I will tell', 'va'adabera' means 'and I will speak', 'atzmu' means 'my soul' (literally 'my self'), 'misapper' means 'from the book'.
[PSA.40.7] A burnt offering and a grain offering you did not desire; ears you cut for me; a burnt offering and a sin offering you did not ask. [§]
Zevach uminchah lo-chafatzta oznaim karita li olah vachataah lo sha'alta.
'Zevach' means 'a burnt offering', 'uminchah' means 'and a grain offering', 'lo-chafatzta' means 'you did not desire', 'oznaim' means 'ears', 'karita' means 'you cut', 'li' means 'to me', 'olah' means 'a burnt offering', 'vachataah' means 'and a sin offering', 'lo' means 'not', 'sha'alta' means 'you asked'.
[PSA.40.8] Then I said, Behold I have come; in the scroll of a book it is written concerning me. [§]
Az amarti, hineh ba'ati, bimgilat sefer katuv alay.
'Az' means 'then', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ba'ati' means 'I have come', 'bimgilat' means 'in the scroll', 'sefer' means 'book', 'katuv' means 'written', 'alay' means 'upon me' or 'concerning me'.
[PSA.40.9] I have desired to do your will, my God, and your instruction is within my being. [§]
la'asot retzoncha Elohai chafatzti ve'toratcha betoch me'ai.
'la'asot' means 'to do', 'retzoncha' means 'your will', 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'chafatzti' means 'I have desired', 've'toratcha' means 'and your instruction', 'betoch' means 'within', 'me'ai' means 'my being' or 'my interior'.
[PSA.40.10] I have proclaimed justice in the great congregation; behold, my lips will not be silent, Yahveh you have known. [§]
bisarti tzedek bekaHal rav hineh sefatai lo ekhla Yahveh attah yadahta.
'bisarti' means 'I have proclaimed', 'tzedek' means 'justice', 'bekahal' means 'in the congregation', 'rav' means 'many' or 'great', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'sefatai' means 'my lips', 'lo' means 'not', 'ekhla' means 'I will be silent' (literally 'I will eat' in the idiom 'to be silent'), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'attah' means 'you', 'yadahta' means 'you have known'.
[PSA.40.11] I have not covered your righteousness in my heart; I have spoken of your faith and your salvation, I have not neglected your kindness and your truth to the great assembly. [§]
Tzidkatekha lo kisiti betoch libi emunatkha uteshuatkha amarti lo kichadti khasdekha vaemetkha lekahal rav.
'Tzidkatekha' means 'your righteousness', 'lo' means 'not', 'kisiti' means 'I have covered', 'betoch' means 'in the interior of', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'emunatkha' means 'your faith', 'uteshuatkha' means 'and your salvation', 'amarti' means 'I said' or 'I have spoken', 'lo' means 'not', 'kichadti' means 'I have neglected' or 'I have failed', 'khasdekha' means 'your kindness', 'vaemetkha' means 'and your truth', 'lekahal' means 'to the assembly', 'rav' means 'many' or 'great'.
[PSA.40.12] You Yahveh will not cease your compassion from me; your lovingkindness and your truth always keep me. [§]
Attah Yahveh lo-tichla rachamecha mimeni chasdecha ve'amatecha tamid yitzroni.
'Attah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lo-tichla' means 'will not cease', 'rachamecha' means 'your compassion', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'chasdecha' means 'your lovingkindness', 've'amatecha' means 'and your truth', 'tamid' means 'always', 'yitzroni' means 'will keep/guard me'.
[PSA.40.13] For evils have surrounded me without number; my sins have reached me and I could not see; they have hardened the hairs of my head and my heart has forsaken me. [§]
Ki affu alai raot ad ein mispar hisigu'ni avonai ve lo yakholti lir'ot atzmu mish'arot roshi ve libi azavani.
'Ki' means 'for', 'affu' means 'have surrounded', 'alai' means 'me', 'raot' means 'evils', 'ad' means 'until' or 'to', 'ein' means 'no' or 'without', 'mispar' means 'number', 'hisigu'ni' means 'have reached me', 'avonai' means 'my sins', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yakholti' means 'I could', 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 'atzmu' means 'they have hardened', 'mish'arot' means 'the hairs', 'roshi' means 'of my head', 've' means 'and', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'azavani' means 'has forsaken me'.
[PSA.40.14] Be pleased, Yahveh, to save me; Yahveh, hurry to my help. [§]
Retzeh Yahveh le-hatzileni Yahveh le-ezrati chusha.
'Retzeh' means 'be pleased' or 'grant favor', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHWH, 'le-hatzileni' means 'to save me', the second 'Yahveh' repeats the name of God, 'le-ezrati' means 'for my help' or 'to my aid', and 'chusha' means 'hurry' or 'quickly'.
[PSA.40.15] They will be ashamed and cut off together, those who seek my soul to count it, they will be exhausted later, and they will be concealed the wishes of my evil. [§]
Yevosh u'yechaperu yachd mevakshei nafshi lispotah yissogu achor ve'yikhalmu chafetze raati.
'Yevosh' means 'they will be ashamed' (third‑person plural imperfect of the verb meaning 'to be ashamed'). 'u'yechaperu' means 'and they will be cut off' (conjunction 'and' plus verb from the root meaning 'to cut off, destroy'). 'yachd' means 'together'. 'mevakshei' is a construct form meaning 'those who seek' (plural active participle of the verb 'to seek'). 'nafshi' means 'my soul' (first‑person singular possessive of 'soul'). 'lispotah' means 'to count it' or 'to reckon it' (infinitive construct of the verb 'to count'). 'yissogu' means 'they will be exhausted' (third‑person plural imperfect of the verb 'to be spent, to be exhausted'). 'achor' means 'behind' or 'later' (adverb indicating a later stage). 've'yikhalmu' means 'and they will be concealed' (conjunction 'and' plus verb 'to conceal, be hidden'). 'chafetze' means 'the wishes' or 'the desires' (plural construct of the noun 'desire'). 'raati' means 'of my evil' (first‑person singular possessive of the adjective 'evil').
[PSA.40.16] They set because of their shame, the ones who say to me, 'Ah, ah!'. [§]
Yashmu al-eqev bashtam ha'ormim li he'ach he'ach.
'Yashmu' means 'they set' or 'they place'; 'al-eqev' means 'on account of' or 'because of'; 'bashtam' means 'their shame' or 'their disgrace'; 'ha'ormim' means 'the ones who say' or 'the speaking ones'; 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'; 'he'ach' is an interjection meaning 'ah' or a sigh, repeated for emphasis.
[PSA.40.17] They shall rejoice and be glad in you, all who seek you will say, always Yahveh be magnified, lovers of your salvation. [§]
Yashisu ve-yism'chu beka kol-mevakeshekha yomru tamid yigdal Yahveh ohavei teshua-techa.
'Yashisu' means 'they shall rejoice', 've-yism'chu' means 'and they shall be glad', 'beka' means 'in you', 'kol' means 'all', 'mevakeshekha' means 'those who seek you', 'yomru' means 'they will say', 'tamid' means 'always', 'yigdal' means 'be magnified' or 'be great', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'ohavei' means 'lovers of', 'teshua-techa' means 'your salvation'.
[PSA.40.18] And I am poor and needy; my Lord will consider me my help and my deliverer, you my God, do not delay. [§]
Va'ani ani ve'evyon Adonai yachashov li ezrati umefalti attah Elohai al-te'achar.
'Va'ani' means 'And I', 'ani' means 'I am', 've'evyon' means 'and needy', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'yachashov' means 'will consider', 'li' means 'to me', 'ezrati' means 'my help', 'umefalti' means 'and my deliverer', 'attah' means 'you', 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'al-te'achar' means 'do not delay'.
PSA.41
[PSA.41.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatshech mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatshech' means 'to the chief musician', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (belonging to David).
[PSA.41.2] Blessed is the wise one toward the poor on a day of trouble; Yahveh will rescue him. [§]
Ashrei maskil el-dal be-yom raah yimalketehu Yahveh.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'happy', 'maskil' means 'wise' or 'understanding one', 'el-dal' means 'toward the poor', 'be-yom' means 'in a day', 'raah' means 'trouble' or 'evil', 'yimalketehu' means 'he will rescue him', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, the name of God.
[PSA.41.3] Yahveh will guard him and give him life, he will rejoice in the land and not give him up in the life of his enemies. [§]
Yahveh yishmerehu vi'chayeihu yeushar baaretz ve'al titteneh b'nefesh oyvehu.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH. 'yishmerehu' means 'will guard him' (from the verb shamar). 'vi'chayeihu' means 'and will give him life' (from the verb chayah with the conjunction vav). 'yeushar' means 'he will rejoice' (from the verb ashrek). 'baaretz' means 'in the land' (ba- = in, eretz = land). 've'al' means 'and not' (ve- = and, al = not). 'titteneh' means 'you shall give him up' (from the verb nathan, second person singular future). 'b'nefesh' means 'in the life' or 'by the life' (b- = in, nefesh = life, soul). 'oyvehu' means 'of his enemies' (oyev = enemies, -hu = his).
[PSA.41.4] Yahveh will support him upon the herd Dvai, all his couch you turned in his disease. [§]
Yahveh yisadennu al eres dvai kol mishkavo hafakhta bechalyo.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'yisadennu' means 'will support him'. 'al' means 'on' or 'upon'. 'eres' means 'herd' or 'flock'. 'dvai' is a proper name or term kept as is. 'kol' means 'all' or 'every'. 'mishkavo' means 'his couch' or 'his bed'. 'hafakhta' means 'you turned' or 'you caused to turn'. 'bechalyo' means 'in his disease' or 'in his wound'.
[PSA.41.5] I said, Yahveh, have mercy on me; heal my soul, because I have sinned to you. [§]
Ani amarti Yahveh channenni refaah nafshi ki chatati lakh.
'Ani' means 'I', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'channenni' means 'have mercy on me', 'refaah' means 'heal', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'ki' means 'because', 'chatati' means 'I have sinned', 'lakh' means 'to you'.
[PSA.41.6] My enemies will say, 'Evil to me; when will he die and his name be destroyed?' [§]
Oyvei yomru ra li matai yamut veavad shmo.
'Oyvei' means 'my enemies', 'yomru' means 'they will say', 'ra' means 'evil' or 'harm', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'matai' means 'when', 'yamut' means 'he will die', 'veavad' means 'and will be destroyed', 'shmo' means 'his name'.
[PSA.41.7] And if he comes to see falsehood, his heart will gather iniquity for him, he will go out and speak. [§]
Ve'im ba lirot shav yedaber libo yikbets avon lo yetze lachutz yedaber.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'ba' means 'he comes', 'lirot' means 'to see', 'shav' means 'vain' or 'falsehood', 'yedaber' means 'will speak', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'yikbets' means 'will gather', 'avon' means 'iniquity' or 'wickedness', 'lo' means 'for himself', 'yetze' means 'will go out', 'lachutz' means 'outside', 'yedaber' (repeated) means 'will speak'.
[PSA.41.8] Together against me they will mutter; all my haters will think evil against me. [§]
yachad alai yitlashu kol-sonei alai yachshvu raah li
'yachad' means 'together', 'alai' means 'against me' or 'upon me', 'yitlashu' means 'they will mutter' or 'conspire', 'kol' means 'all', 'sonei' means 'my haters', 'yachshvu' means 'they will think' or 'plan', 'raah' means 'evil', 'li' means 'to me' or 'against me'.
[PSA.41.9] The word of the worthless is poured into it, and the one who lies will not rise. [§]
devar-be-lya'al yatsuk bo va'asher shachav lo-yosif laqum.
'devar' means 'word' or 'speech', 'be-lya'al' means 'of the worthless' (or 'of the wicked'), 'yatsuk' means 'is poured' or 'is cast', 'bo' means 'into it', 'va'asher' means 'and the one who', 'shachav' means 'lies' (as in to lie down or to tell a falsehood), 'lo-yosif' means 'will not add' or 'will not increase', 'laqum' means 'to rise' or 'to stand up'.
[PSA.41.10] Also a man of my peace, whom I trusted, I eat my bread; a heel has grown upon me. [§]
Gam ish Shlomi asher-batachti bo okhel lachmi higdil alai akev.
'Gam' means 'also', 'ish' means 'man', 'Shlomi' means 'my peace' (or a personal name), 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'batachti' means 'I trusted', 'bo' means 'in him' or 'in it', 'okhel' means 'I eat', 'lachmi' means 'my bread', 'higdil' means 'he enlarged' or 'he increased', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'akev' means 'heel'. The phrase 'higdil alai akev' is an idiom meaning that a heel (a source of trouble or oppression) has grown or pressed upon the speaker.
[PSA.41.11] And you, Yahveh, have mercy on me and raise me up, and I will repay them. [§]
ve'atah Yahveh chaneni va'hakimeni va'ashallemah lahem.
've' means 'and', 'atah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH, 'chaneni' means 'have mercy on me' or 'be gracious to me', 'va'hakimeni' means 'and raise me up', 'va'ashallemah' means 'and I will pay' or 'repay', 'lahem' means 'to them'.
[PSA.41.12] By this I have known that you have desired me, because my enemy will not be angry against me. [§]
be zot yadati ki chafatzta bi ki lo yaria oyvi alay.
'be' means 'by' or 'in', 'zot' means 'this', 'yadati' means 'I have known', 'ki' means 'that', 'chafatzta' means 'you have desired', 'bi' means 'me' or 'in me', the second 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yaria' means 'will be angry' or 'will be hostile', 'oyvi' means 'my enemy', 'alay' means 'against me' or 'upon me'.
[PSA.41.13] And I, in my innocence, the Lord upheld me and set me before the Lord forever. [§]
Va'ani be-tumi tamachta bi va-tatziveni lefanekha le'olam.
'Va'ani' means 'and I'; 'be-tumi' means 'in my innocence' (tumi = innocence, be- = in); 'tamachta' means 'you have upheld' (tamach = support, -ta = 2nd person masculine singular); 'bi' means 'me' or 'in me'; 'va-tatziveni' means 'and you have set me' (tatziv = set, -eni = me); 'lefanekha' means 'before you' (le- = before, pane = face, -kha = your); 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'for eternity'. The pronoun 'you' refers to God, which is rendered as 'the Lord' according to the literal translation rule for divine names.
[PSA.41.14] Blessed Yahveh the Gods of Israel from the world and until the world Amen and Amen. [§]
Baruch Yahveh Elohei Yisrael me haolam ve'ad haolam amen veamen.
'Baruch' means 'Blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'the Gods', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'me' means 'from', 'haolam' means 'the world', 've'ad' means 'and until', the second 'haolam' repeats 'the world', 'amen' means 'so be it', and the final 'veamen' adds another 'and amen'.
PSA.42
[PSA.42.1] To the chief musician, an instruction for the sons of Korach. [§]
lam'natzeach maskil livnei korach.
'lam'natzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'maskil' means 'instruction' or 'teaching', 'livnei' means 'for the sons of', 'korach' is a personal name.
[PSA.42.2] Like a hart pants over streams of water, so my soul pants to you the Gods. [§]
ke ayal ta'arog al apikei mayim ken nafshi ta'arog elekha Elohim.
'ke ayal' means 'like a hart', 'ta'arog' means 'pants' (verb), 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'apikei' means 'streams', 'mayim' means 'water', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'ta'arog' means 'pants' (again), 'elekha' means 'to you', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'.
[PSA.42.3] My soul is thirsty to the Gods, to the living God; when will I come and see the face of the Gods. [§]
tsam'ah nafshi leElohim leEl chay matai avo ve'era'eh p'nei Elohim.
'tsam'ah' means 'is thirsty', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods', 'leEl' means 'to God', 'chay' means 'living', 'matai' means 'when', 'avo' means 'will I come', 've'era'eh' means 'and I will see', 'p'nei' means 'the face of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'.
[PSA.42.4] My tears were my bread day and night, when saying to me all day, where is your the Gods. [§]
Hayta li dimati lechem yom v'laylah be'emor elai kol-hayom ayyeh elohecha.
'Hayta' means 'was', 'li' means 'to me', 'dimati' means 'my tears', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'yom' means 'day', 'v'laylah' means 'and night', 'be'emor' means 'by saying' or 'when saying', 'elai' means 'to me', 'kol-hayom' means 'all day', 'ayyeh' means 'where', 'elohecha' means 'your the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim as 'the Gods').
[PSA.42.5] These I will remember and pour out upon me my soul because I will pass through the veil, I will count them to the house of the Gods with a voice of song and thanksgiving, a multitude rejoicing. [§]
elleh ezkrah veeshp'kha alay nafshi ki e'evor bassa kh edaddem ad beit elohim b'kol rinah ve todah hamon chogeg.
'elleh' means 'these', 'ezkrah' means 'I will remember', 'veeshp'kha' means 'and I will pour out', 'alay' means 'upon me', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'ki' means 'because', 'e'evor' means 'I will pass', 'bassa kh' means 'through the veil', 'edaddem' means 'I will count them', 'ad beit' means 'to the house of', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'b'kol rinah' means 'with a voice of song', 've todah' means 'and thanksgiving', 'hamon' means 'a multitude', 'chogeg' means 'rejoicing'.
[PSA.42.6] What do you sigh, my soul, and you become troubled over me; put your hope in the Gods, for I will still praise Him, the salvation of his face. [§]
mah-tishtochi nafshi vatehemi alay hochili leElohim ki-od odennu yeshshot panav.
'mah-tishtochi' means 'what do you sigh', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'vatehemi' means 'and you become troubled', 'alay' means 'over me', 'hochili' means 'put your hope', 'leElohim' means 'in the Gods' (Elohim translated as the Gods), 'ki-od' means 'for still', 'odennu' means 'I will praise Him', 'yeshshot' means 'salvation', 'panav' means 'his face'.
[PSA.42.7] My God, my soul longs for you; therefore I will remember you from the land of Jordan and the vineyards from the mountain of Mitz'ar. [§]
Elohai alai nafshi tishtochach al-ken ezkarekha me'eretz Yarden vecheromonim mehar Mitz'ar.
'Elohai' means 'my God' (El = God, with first‑person suffix), 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'for me', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'tishtochach' (from the root שׁוֹחַ) means 'is thirsty' or 'longs', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'ezkarekha' means 'I will remember you', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Yarden' is the proper name Jordan, 'vecheromonim' means 'and the vineyards', 'mehar' means 'from the mountain', 'Mitz'ar' is the name of that mountain.
[PSA.42.8] The deep into the deep calls to the voice of your shouts, all your breaks and your waves passed over me. [§]
tehom el tehom kore lekol tsinorecha kol mishbarecha vegalecha alai avaru.
'tehom' means 'the deep' or 'abyss', 'el' means 'to' or 'into', the second 'tehom' repeats 'the deep', 'kore' means 'calls', 'lekol' means 'to the voice', 'tsinorecha' means 'your shouts' or 'your trumpets', 'kol' means 'all', 'mishbarecha' means 'your breaks' or 'your ruptures', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'galecha' means 'your waves', 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'against me', 'avaru' means 'they passed' or 'they crossed'.
[PSA.42.9] By day Yahveh commands his kindness, and by night his song is with me, a prayer to God of my life. [§]
yomam yetzaveh Yahveh chasdo uvallayla shiro immi tefilah le-El chayai.
'yomam' means 'by day', 'yetzaveh' means 'commands', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'chasdo' means 'his kindness', 'uvallayla' means 'and by night', 'shiro' means 'his song', 'immi' means 'with me', 'tefilah' means 'prayer', 'le-El' means 'to God', 'chayai' means 'of my life'.
[PSA.42.10] I said, to God my rock, why have you forgotten me? Why do I hurry to go under the pressure of an enemy. [§]
omerah le-El sal'i lamah shekachtani lamah koder elekh blachatz oyev.
'omerah' means 'I said' (feminine). 'le-El' means 'to God'. 'sal'i' means 'my rock' (sal is 'rock' with the suffix -i for 'my'). 'lamah' means 'why'. 'shekachtani' means 'you have forgotten me' (the verb 'shachach' with the second person masculine singular prefix and first person singular object). The second 'lamah' repeats 'why'. 'koder' means 'hurrying' or 'pressing'. 'elekh' means 'I will go' (future first person singular of 'halakh'). 'blachatz' means 'in pressure' or 'under oppression' (b-='in', laḥatz='pressure'). 'oyev' means 'enemy'.
[PSA.42.11] In slaughter, in my bones, they mock me, my tormentors; as they say to me all day, where is your God? [§]
b'retzach b'atzmotai cherpuni tzorrai b'amaram elai kol-hayom ayyeh elohekha.
'b'retzach' means 'in murder' or 'by slaughter', 'b'atzmotai' means 'in my bones', 'cherpuni' means 'they mock me' or 'they despise me', 'tzorrai' means 'my tormentors' or 'my sharpeners', 'b'amaram' means 'when they say' or 'as they say', 'elai' means 'to me', 'kol-hayom' means 'all day', 'ayyeh' means 'where', 'elohekha' means 'your God' (the divine name Elohim rendered as God, here in possessive form).
[PSA.42.12] What are you laughing at, my soul, and why are you angry with me? I trust in the Gods, because I will still thank Him, the salvation of my face, and my God. [§]
Mah tishteochi nafshi u-mah tehemi alay hochili leElohim ki od odennu yeshuat pani veElohai.
'Mah' means 'what', 'tishteochi' means 'you are laughing', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'u-mah' means 'and what', 'tehemi' means 'you are angry', 'alay' means 'against me', 'hochili' means 'I hope' or 'I trust', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (the plural name of God), 'ki' means 'because', 'od' means 'still' or 'yet', 'odennu' means 'I will thank him', 'yeshuat' means 'salvation', 'pani' means 'my face', 'veElohai' means 'and my God'.
PSA.43
[PSA.43.1] Judge me, the Gods, and contend my dispute from a nation that is not faithful, from a deceitful man and falsehood, save me. [§]
shafteini Elohim ve-ribah ribi migoy lo chasid me'ish mirmah ve'avlah tefalteni.
'shafteini' means 'judge me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the name of God), 've-ribah' means 'and contend' or 'and dispute', 'ribi' means 'my dispute', 'migoy' means 'from a nation', 'lo chasid' means 'that is not faithful', 'me'ish' means 'from a man', 'mirmah' means 'of deceit', 've-avlah' means 'and falsehood', 'tefalteni' means 'save me'.
[PSA.43.2] For you, the Gods of my strength, why have you forsaken me? Why do I walk under the pressure of the enemy. [§]
ki-atah Elohei ma'uzzi lamah zenachtani lamah-koder et-halekh be-lachatz oyev.
'ki-atah' means 'for you', 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' and therefore means 'the Gods of', 'ma'uzzi' means 'my strength', 'lamah' means 'why', 'zenachtani' means 'you have forsaken me', 'lamah-koder' means 'why (do) I dig' or idiomatically 'why (do) I press', 'et-halekh' means 'I walk', 'be-lachatz' means 'under pressure', 'oyev' means 'enemy'.
[PSA.43.3] Send your light and your truth; they will guide me and bring me to your holy mountain and to your dwelling places. [§]
Shelach-orcha veamittecha haemma yan'khuni yevi'uni el-har-kodshcha ve'el-mishkenotecha.
'Shelach' means 'send', 'orcha' means 'your light', 'veamittecha' means 'and your truth', 'haemma' means 'they', 'yan'khuni' means 'will guide me', 'yevi'uni' means 'will bring me', 'el-har-kodshcha' means 'to your holy mountain', 've'el-mishkenotecha' means 'and to your dwelling places'.
[PSA.43.4] And I will go to the altar of the Gods, to God the joy of my rejoicing, and I will thank you with a lyre, the Gods my God. [§]
veavoa el-mizbach elohim el el simchat gili veodcha bekinor elohim elohi.
'veavoa' means 'and I will go', 'el' means 'to', 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el' means 'God', 'simchat' means 'joy of', 'gili' means 'my rejoicing', 'veodcha' means 'and I will thank you', 'bekinor' means 'with a lyre', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'elohi' means 'my God'.
[PSA.43.5] What are you laughing at, my soul, and why are you angry with me? I trust in the Gods, because I will still thank Him, the salvation of my face, and my God. [§]
Mah tishteochi nafshi u-mah tehemi alay hochili leElohim ki od odennu yeshuat pani veElohai.
'Mah' means 'what', 'tishteochi' means 'you are laughing', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'u-mah' means 'and what', 'tehemi' means 'you are angry', 'alay' means 'against me', 'hochili' means 'I hope' or 'I trust', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (the plural name of God), 'ki' means 'because', 'od' means 'still' or 'yet', 'odennu' means 'I will thank him', 'yeshuat' means 'salvation', 'pani' means 'my face', 'veElohai' means 'and my God'.
PSA.44
[PSA.44.1] To the chief musician, to the sons of Korah, a maskil. [§]
Lamnahtseach livnei Korach maskil.
'Lamnahtseach' means 'to the chief musician' (literally 'to the conductor'), 'livnei' means 'to the sons' (literally 'for the children of'), 'Korach' is the proper name of the clan of Korah, and 'maskil' means 'a contemplative or skillful poem' (a psalmic literary genre).
[PSA.44.2] The Gods in our ears we heard, our fathers recounted to us the work you performed in their days in the days of old. [§]
Elohim be'aznei-nu shama'nu avoteinu sifru-lanu po'al pa'altah bi-mey-hem bi-mey kedem.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods'; 'be'aznei-nu' means 'in our ears'; 'shama'nu' means 'we heard'; 'avoteinu' means 'our fathers'; 'sifru-lanu' means 'they recounted to us'; 'po'al' means 'work' or 'act'; 'pa'altah' means 'you performed'; 'bi-mey-hem' means 'in their days'; 'bi-mey kedem' means 'in the days of old'.
[PSA.44.3] You, with your hand, have taken possession of the nations and you planted them; you bring disaster upon the peoples and you sent them away. [§]
Ata yadecha goyim horashta vattia'em tara le'ummim vateshalcheim.
"Ata" means "you"; "yadecha" means "your hand"; "goyim" means "nations"; "horashta" (verb from the root *harash*) means "you have inherited" or "you have taken possession of"; "vattia'em" (verb from *nata*) means "and you planted them"; "tara" (verb from *ra*) means "you cause evil" or "you bring disaster"; "le'ummim" means "to the peoples/nations"; "vateshalcheim" (verb from *shalach*) means "and you sent them".
[PSA.44.4] For they will not inherit the land by the sword, and their arm will not save them, for your right hand and your arm and the light of your face, for you have desired them. [§]
Ki lo becharbam yarshu eretz uzer'oam lo hoshia lamo ki yemincha uzer'ocha veor panecha ki retzitam.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'becharbam' means 'by the sword', 'yarshu' means 'they will inherit', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'uze'roam' means 'and their arm', 'lo hoshia' means 'will not save', 'lamo' means 'them', 'ki yemincha' means 'for your right hand', 'uze'rocha' means 'and your arm', 'veor panecha' means 'and the light of your face', 'ki retzitam' means 'for you have desired them'.
[PSA.44.5] You, he, my king the Gods, command the salvations of Jacob. [§]
Ata-hu Malchi Elohim Tsavveh Yeshuot Yaakov.
'Ata' means 'you', 'hu' means 'he', together they emphasize the identity of the addressed one. 'Malchi' means 'my king' (malach = king, -i = my). 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' according to the literal rule. 'Tsavveh' is the imperative verb 'command'. 'Yeshuot' is the plural noun 'salvations' or 'saviors'. 'Yaakov' is the proper name 'Jacob'.
[PSA.44.6] In you our troubles we will sigh; in your name we are humbled, yet we shall stand. [§]
becha tsareinu nenageach bshimcha navus qamenu.
'becha' means 'in you', referring to the Divine One; 'tsareinu' means 'our troubles' or 'our distress'; 'nenageach' means 'we will sigh' or 'we will lament'; 'bshimcha' means 'in your name'; 'navus' means 'we will be humbled' or 'we will be ruined'; 'qamenu' means 'we will rise' or 'we will stand'. The verse juxtaposes sighing over distress with humility before God's name, followed by a confident statement of rising again.
[PSA.44.7] Because I have not asked, I will trust, and my sword will not save me. [§]
Ki lo bekashti evtach vecharbi lo toshieni.
'Ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'bekashti' means 'I have not sought' or 'I did not ask', 'evtach' means 'I will trust', 'vecharbi' means 'and my sword', the second 'lo' means 'not', 'toshieni' means 'will save me' (in the negative sense, 'will not save me').
[PSA.44.8] For you have saved us from our troubles and our haters, (bringing) shames. [§]
Ki hosha'tanu mitzareinu u'mesane'enu hevisot.
'Ki' means 'for', 'hosha'tanu' is the verb form meaning 'you have saved us', 'mitzareinu' combines the preposition 'from' with 'our troubles' ("tzar" = trouble, distress), 'u' means 'and', 'mesane'enu' means 'our haters' (from the root 'sane' = to hate), and 'hevisot' is a plural noun meaning 'shames' or 'humiliations'.
[PSA.44.9] By the Gods we have praised all the day and your name forever we will give thanks, Selah. [§]
Be'Elohim hillalnu kol-hayom ve-shemkha le'olam nodeh sela.
'Be'Elohim' means 'by the Gods' (El->God, Elohim->the Gods); 'hillalnu' means 'we have praised'; 'kol-hayom' means 'all the day'; 've-shemkha' means 'and your name'; 'le'olam' means 'forever'; 'nodeh' means 'we will give thanks'; 'sela' is a liturgical mark often left untranslated.
[PSA.44.10] Even you have abandoned us and have cut us off, and you will not go out in our armies. [§]
af-zanachta vatachlimeinu ve'lo tetse b'tzivoteinu.
'af' means 'even' or 'also', 'zanachta' means 'you have abandoned', 'vatachlimeinu' means 'and you have cut us off', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'tetse' means 'you will go out', 'b'tzivoteinu' means 'in our armies'.
[PSA.44.11] You will bring us back from the enemy, and those who hate us have been cut down. [§]
Teshibeinu achor mini-tzar u-meshaneinu shasu lamo.
'Teshibeinu' means 'you will bring us back', 'achor' means 'back' or 'again', 'mini-tzar' means 'from the enemy' (mi = from, tzar = enemy), 'u-meshaneinu' means 'and those who hate us', 'shasu' means 'they have cut down', 'lamo' means 'against them' or 'to them'.
[PSA.44.12] You will give us food like a flock, and among the nations you will scatter us. [§]
tittenenu ke tzon maachal uva goyim zeritanu.
'tittenenu' means 'you will give us', 'ke' means 'like', 'tzon' means 'flock', 'maachal' means 'food' or 'sustenance', 'uva' means 'and in/among', 'goyim' means 'the nations', 'zeritanu' means 'you will scatter us' or 'you will cause us to be scattered'.
[PSA.44.13] You shall not sell your people without money, and you shall not increase their price. [§]
Timkor ammekha b'lo hon v'lo ribita b'mechireihem.
'Timkor' means 'you will sell', 'ammekha' means 'your people', 'b'lo' means 'without', 'hon' means 'money or wealth', 'v'lo' means 'and not', 'ribita' means 'increase' or 'multiply', 'b'mechireihem' means 'in their price'.
[PSA.44.14] You will make us a mockery to our neighbors, for ridicule and contempt in our surroundings. [§]
T'simenu cherpah l'shekenei-nu la'ag va'keles li-svivoteinu.
'T'simenu' means 'you will make us' (verb, second person singular). 'cherpah' means 'shame' or 'mockery'. 'l'shekenei-nu' means 'to our neighbors' (l- = to, sh'khen = neighbor, -nu = our). 'la'ag' means 'for mockery' (la- = for, ag = mockery). 'va'keles' means 'and contempt' (ve- = and, keles = contempt). 'li-svivoteinu' means 'in our surroundings' (li- = in, svivot = cycles/around, -enu = our).
[PSA.44.15] You will place us as a ruler among the nations, headless, not among nations. [§]
tesimenu mashal bagoyim menod-rosh bal-ummim.
'tesimenu' means 'you will place us' (future second person singular of the verb 'to set'), 'mashal' means 'as a ruler' or 'as a king', 'bagoyim' means 'among the nations', 'menod-rosh' is a compound of 'menod' meaning 'headless' or 'cut off' and 'rosh' meaning 'head', thus 'headless', and 'bal-ummim' combines the negation prefix 'bal' meaning 'not' with 'ummim' meaning 'nations' or 'peoples', giving 'not among nations'.
[PSA.44.16] All the day my disgrace was before me, and my face was ashamed; he has covered me. [§]
Kol-hayom kelimati negdi u-boshet panai kissetni.
'Kol' means 'all', 'hayom' means 'the day', together 'Kol-hayom' = 'all the day'. 'Kelimati' means 'my disgrace' or 'my humiliation'. 'Negdi' means 'before me' or 'in front of me'. 'U-boshet' means 'and ashamed' (literally 'and ashamed'). 'Panai' means 'my face'. 'Kissetni' means 'has covered me' or 'has hidden me'.
[PSA.44.17] From the voice of a scoffer and reviler because of an enemy and a revenger. [§]
Mi qol mecharref u megaddref mipnei oyev u mitnakem.
'Mi' means 'from', 'qol' means 'voice', 'mecharref' means 'a scoffer' (one who mocks), 'u' means 'and', 'megaddref' means 'a reviler' (one who insults), 'mipnei' means 'because of' or 'due to', 'oyev' means 'enemy', 'u' means 'and', 'mitnakem' means 'a revenger' (one who takes revenge).
[PSA.44.18] All this in our time, and we have not forgotten you, and we have not lied in your covenant. [§]
kol zot ba'atenu ve'lo sh'kachanukha ve'lo shikarnu b'vritekha.
"kol" means "all", "zot" means "this", "ba'atenu" means "in our time", "ve'lo" means "and not", "sh'kachanukha" means "we have not forgotten you", "ve'lo" again means "and not", "shikarnu" means "we have not lied", "b'vritekha" means "in your covenant".
[PSA.44.19] We will not stray backward in our hearts, and you have set our fate from your way. [§]
Lo nasog achor libenu vatey ashureinu min arekha.
'Lo' means 'not', 'nasog' means 'we will stray', 'achor' means 'backward', 'libenu' means 'our heart', 'vatey' means 'and you have set', 'ashureinu' means 'our fate' or 'our destiny', 'min' means 'from', 'arekha' means 'your way'.
[PSA.44.20] For you broke us in the place of the jackals and covered us with darkness. [§]
Ki dikita nu bimekom tannim vatechas aleinu vetsalmoet.
'Ki' means 'for', 'dikita' means 'you broke', 'nu' means 'us', 'bimekom' means 'in the place of', 'tannim' means 'jackals', 'vatechas' means 'and you covered', 'aleinu' means 'upon us', 'vetsalmoet' means 'with darkness'.
[PSA.44.21] If we forget the name of our the Gods and we spread our hands to a foreign God. [§]
Im shakhachnu shem Eloheinu va-nifros kafeinu le'el zar.
'Im' means 'if', 'shakhachnu' means 'we forget', 'shem' means 'the name', 'Eloheinu' means 'our the Gods' (our God, from Elohim), 'va' means 'and', 'nifros' means 'we spread', 'kafeinu' means 'our hands', 'le' means 'to', 'el' means 'God', 'zar' means 'foreign'.
[PSA.44.22] Is not the Gods will investigate this because he knows the mysteries of the heart. [§]
halo Elohim yachakar zot ki hu yodea ta'alumot lev.
'halo' means 'Is not', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yachakar' means 'will investigate' or 'will search', 'zot' means 'this', 'ki' means 'because', 'hu' means 'he', 'yodea' means 'knows', 'ta'alumot' means 'mysteries' or 'hidden things', 'lev' means 'heart'.
[PSA.44.23] Because of you we were slaughtered all day; we were counted like slaughtered sheep. [§]
Ki alekha horagnu kol hayom nehashavnu ke-tzon tivcha.
'Ki' means 'because', 'alekha' means 'against you' or 'on you', 'horagnu' means 'we were killed' or 'we were slaughtered', 'kol' means 'all', 'hayom' means 'the day' or 'today', 'nehashavnu' means 'we were counted' or 'we were considered', 'ke-tzon' means 'like sheep', 'tivcha' means 'slaughtered' (as a noun indicating a slaughtered animal).
[PSA.44.24] Arise, why you sleep, my Lord; awaken, do not abandon forever. [§]
Ura lama tishan my Lord hakitzah al-tiznach lanetzach.
'Ura' means 'arise' or 'wake up', 'lama' means 'why', 'tishan' means 'you will sleep', 'my Lord' is the literal translation of the name Adonai, 'hakitzah' means 'awaken', 'al-tiznach' means 'do not abandon' or 'do not forsake', and 'lanetzach' means 'forever' or 'for eternity'.
[PSA.44.25] Why do you hide your face? Do you forget our trouble and our portion. [§]
Lama-panekha tas'tir tishkach aniyenu ve-lahatzenu.
'Lama' means 'why', 'panekha' means 'your face', 'tas'tir' means 'you hide', 'tishkach' means 'you forget', 'aniyenu' means 'our trouble', 've' means 'and', 'lahatzenu' means 'our portion'.
[PSA.44.26] Because our soul has become dust, it has clung to the earth within us. [§]
Ki shacha leafar naphshenu davka laaretz bitneinu.
'Ki' means 'because', 'shacha' means 'has become dust' or 'has turned to dust', 'leafar' means 'to dust', 'naphshenu' means 'our soul' (singular collective), 'davka' means 'has clung' or 'is attached', 'laaretz' means 'to the earth', 'bitneinu' means 'in our innermost parts' or 'within us'.
[PSA.44.27] Rise, help us and redeem us for the sake of your lovingkindness. [§]
Quma ezratah lanu u-fdeynu lemaan chasdecha.
'Quma' means 'Rise' (imperative), 'ezratah' means 'help (to) us', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'u-fdeynu' means 'and redeem us', 'lemaan' means 'for the sake of', 'chasdecha' means 'your lovingkindness'. The verse is a prayer asking God to rise in assistance and deliver the supplicant because of His steadfast love.
PSA.45
[PSA.45.1] To the chief musician on shoshannim for the sons of Korach, a wise song of friendships. [§]
Lamnatzach al shoshanim livnei korach mashkil shir yedidot.
'Lamnatzach' means 'to the chief musician' (or 'for the director of music'), 'al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'shoshanim' means 'shoshannim', a type of lily or musical term, 'livnei' means 'for the sons of', 'korach' is the proper name Korach, 'mashkil' means 'wise' or 'intelligent', 'shir' means 'song', and 'yedidot' means 'friendships' or 'friendly songs'.
[PSA.45.2] A whisper from my heart, a good word says, 'I am the works of the king; my tongue is a swift pen.' [§]
Rachash libi davar tov omer ani maasei lemelech leshoni et sofer mahir.
'Rachash' means 'whispers' or 'murmurs', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'davar' means 'word' or 'thing', 'tov' means 'good', 'omer' means 'says', 'ani' means 'I', 'maasei' is a construct form meaning 'works of' or 'my deeds', 'lemelech' means 'to the king', 'leshoni' means 'my tongue', 'et' means 'pen' (or 'tool'), 'sofer' means 'writes' or 'scribe', 'mahir' means 'quick' or 'swift'.
[PSA.45.3] You are exceedingly beautiful among the sons of man; pour grace upon your lips; therefore the Gods bless you forever. [§]
Yafyafita mi-bnei adam hutzak chen be-sfteotecha al-ken berachcha Elohim le'olam.
'Yafyafita' means 'You are exceedingly beautiful'; 'mi-bnei' means 'from the sons of'; 'adam' means 'man' or 'human'; 'hutzak' means 'pour out' or 'cast'; 'chen' means 'favor' or 'grace'; 'be-sfteotecha' means 'upon your lips'; 'al-ken' means 'therefore' or 'because of that'; 'berachcha' means 'your blessing' (literally 'bless you'); 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural name for God); 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting'.
[PSA.45.4] Gird your sword on your thigh, Mighty One, your glory and your splendor. [§]
Chagor cherevcha al yarekh gibbor hodcha vahadarecha.
'Chagor' means 'gird' (imperative). 'Cherevcha' means 'your sword' (cherev = sword, -cha = your). 'Al' means 'upon' or 'on'. 'Yarekh' means 'your thigh' (yarekh = thigh, -ka = your). 'Gibbor' means 'mighty' or 'heroic'. 'Hodcha' means 'your glory' (hod = splendor, glory; -cha = your). 'Vahadarecha' means 'and your splendor/beauty' (v- = and, hadar = splendor, beauty; -cha = your).
[PSA.45.5] And your splendor prospers, you ride a chariot upon the word of truth, and humility‑righteousness, and your Torah are mighty in your right hand. [§]
va-hadarcha tselach rekhav al-devar-emet ve-anvah-tzedek ve-torcha norot yemincha.
'va-hadarcha' means 'and your splendor', 'tselach' means 'prosper(s) / succeeds', 'rekhav' means 'chariot' or 'to ride', 'al-devar-emet' means 'upon the word of truth', 've-anvah-tzedek' means 'and humility‑righteousness', 've-torcha' means 'and your Torah (law)', 'norot' means 'mighty / awesome', 'yemincha' means 'your right hand'.
[PSA.45.6] Your sides are twofold; nations under you will fall in the midst of the king's enemies. [§]
Chitzecha shenunim amim takhattecha yiplu b'lev oyvei ha melekh.
'Chitzecha' means 'your sides', 'shenunim' means 'twofold' or 'in two parts', 'amim' means 'nations', 'takhattecha' means 'under you', 'yiplu' means 'they will fall', 'b'lev' means 'in the midst' (or 'in the heart'), 'oyvei' means 'enemies of', 'ha melekh' means 'the king'.
[PSA.45.7] Your throne the Gods everlasting and forever staff of Mishor staff of your kingdom. [§]
kissekha Elohim olam vaed shevet mishor shevet malkuteka.
'kissekha' means 'your throne', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'vaed' means 'and forever', 'shevet' means 'staff' or 'scepter', 'mishor' is a proper name meaning 'Mishor', 'shevet' again means 'staff' or 'scepter', and 'malkuteka' means 'your kingdom'.
[PSA.45.8] You love righteousness and hate evil; therefore you have anointed the Gods, your Gods, with oil of joy from your companions. [§]
ahavta tzedek vasina resha al-ken meshachcha Elohim Elohecha shemen sason mekhavericha.
'ahavta' means 'you loved' or 'you love'; 'tzedek' means 'righteousness' or 'justice'; 'vasina' means 'and you hate'; 'resha' means 'evil' or 'wickedness'; 'al-ken' means 'therefore' or 'for this reason'; 'meshachcha' means 'you have anointed'; 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the plural divine name); 'Elohecha' means 'your Gods' (the possessive form of the same name); 'shemen' means 'oil'; 'sason' means 'joy' or 'gladness'; 'mekhavericha' means 'from your companions' or 'among your friends'.
[PSA.45.9] Bitter and the tents are torn, all your garments from the houses of the tooth, from my joy. [§]
Mor va'halot ktziot kol-bigdotekha min-heikle shen mini simmechokha.
'Mor' means 'bitter', 'va'halot' means 'and the tents', 'ktziot' means 'cut' or 'torn', 'kol-bigdotekha' means 'all your garments', 'min-heikle' means 'from the houses' (heiklei = houses/palaces), 'shen' means 'tooth', 'mini' means 'from my', and 'simmechokha' means 'your joy' or 'your delight'. The phrase appears to contrast bitterness and loss of clothing with a source of joy.
[PSA.45.10] Daughters of kings stand in your courtyards, a banner at your right hand in a golden wreath. [§]
B'not melakhim b'yiqrotecha nitsava shegal li-yimincha bechetem ofir.
'B'not' means 'daughters', 'melakhim' means 'of kings', 'b'yiqrotecha' means 'in your courtyards', 'nitsava' means 'they stand' (feminine plural), 'shegal' means 'banner' or 'standard', 'li-yimincha' means 'at your right hand', 'bechetem' means 'in a wreath or crown', 'ofir' means 'golden' or 'of gold'.
[PSA.45.11] Hear, O daughter, and see, and incline your ear, and forget your people and your father's house. [§]
Shim'i bat uri ve'hatti oznek ve'shichchi ammekh u'veit avikh.
'Shim'i' means 'listen' or 'hear', addressed to a daughter; 'bat' means 'daughter'; 'uri' means 'and see'; 've'hatti' means 'and incline' (your ear); 'oznek' means 'your ear'; 've'shichchi' means 'and forget'; 'ammekh' means 'your people'; 'u'veit' means 'and house'; 'avikh' means 'your father'.
[PSA.45.12] And may the king desire your beauty, for he is my Lord, and worship him. [§]
ve-yit'avo ha-melekh yaf'eyich ki hu adonayich ve-hishtachavi lo.
've-yit'avo' means 'and may he desire', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'yaf'eyich' means 'your beauty', 'ki' means 'for', 'hu' means 'he', 'adonayich' contains the divine name Adonai which is rendered literally as 'my Lord', 've-hishtachavi' means 'and worship' or 'bow down', 'lo' means 'him'.
[PSA.45.13] And Beth Zur, with a grain offering, the rich of the people shall be humbled before your face. [§]
Ubat Tzor b'minchah panayich yechallu ashirei am.
'Ubat' means 'and the daughter (of)'. 'Tzor' means 'rock' and is the name of the town Beth Zur. 'b'minchah' means 'with a grain offering' (minchah = a tribute or meal offering). 'panayich' means 'your face' (addressed to God). 'yechallu' is a third‑person plural imperfect meaning 'they will be humbled' or 'they shall be humbled'. 'ashirei' is the plural form of 'ashir', meaning 'rich' (as opposed to 'aní' for poor). 'am' means 'people' or 'nation'. The phrase thus speaks of the rich of the people being humbled before God's face in connection with an offering at Beth Zur.
[PSA.45.14] All honor is the king's daughter, inner, from the gold settings of her clothing. [§]
Kol-kevudah bat-melekh penimah mimishbetsot zahav levushah.
'Kol' means 'all', 'kevudah' means 'honor' or 'glory', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'melek' means 'king', 'penimah' means 'inner' or 'interior', 'mimishbetsot' means 'from the jeweled settings' (the word shabetz refers to ornament setting), 'zahav' means 'gold', 'levushah' means 'her clothing' or 'her attire'.
[PSA.45.15] For weaving seasoned to the king among virgins after her, her companions are brought to you. [§]
lirkamot tubal lammelakh betulot achareha re'oteha muvot lakh.
'lirkamot' means 'for weaving' (infinitive construct of the verb 'to weave'), 'tubal' means 'seasoned' or 'spiced', 'lammelakh' means 'to the king', 'betulot' means 'among virgins' (plural of 'virgin'), 'achareha' means 'after her', 're'oteha' means 'her companions' or 'her friends', 'muvot' means 'are brought' or 'are brought forth', and 'lakh' means 'to you'.
[PSA.45.16] They shall be brought with joy and gladness; they shall enter the king's palace. [§]
tubalna bismachot vagil tev'oina beheikal melech.
'tubalna' means 'they shall be brought', 'bismachot' means 'with joy', 'vagil' means 'and gladness', 'tev'oina' means 'they shall come/enter', 'beheikal' means 'into the palace', 'melech' means 'king'.
[PSA.45.17] Instead of your fathers your sons will be; you will set them as princes throughout the land. [§]
tachat avotekha yihyu baneikha teshitem le-sarim bekhol haaretz.
'tachat' means 'instead of' or 'under', 'avotekha' means 'your fathers', 'yihyu' means 'they will be', 'baneikha' means 'your sons', 'teshitem' means 'you will set them', 'le-sarim' means 'as princes' (sar = ruler), 'bekhol haaretz' means 'throughout the land' or 'in all the land'.
[PSA.45.18] I will remember your name throughout all generations, therefore the peoples shall praise you forever and ever. [§]
Ezkira shimmkha bekhol dor vador al ken amim yehodkha leolam vaed.
'Ezkira' means 'I will remember', 'shimmkha' means 'your name', 'bekhol' means 'in all', 'dor' means 'generation', 'vador' means 'and generation' (together indicating all generations), 'al ken' means 'therefore', 'amim' means 'peoples', 'yehodkha' means 'they will praise you', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'vaed' means 'and ever'.
PSA.46
[PSA.46.1] To the chief musician for the sons of Korah, upon the maidens, a song. [§]
lamnatsheh livnei korach al alamot shir.
'lamnatsheh' means 'to the chief musician', 'livnei' means 'for the sons of', 'korach' is the name of the Levitical family Korah, 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'alamot' means 'maidens' or 'virgins', 'shir' means 'song'.
[PSA.46.2] the Gods for us are a refuge and strength, a help in troubles we find greatly. [§]
Elohim lanu machseh va'oz ezrah be'tzarot nimtza meod.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'machseh' means 'refuge', 'va'oz' means 'and strength', 'ezrah' means 'help', 'be'tzarot' means 'in troubles', 'nimtza' means 'we find', 'meod' means 'greatly'.
[PSA.46.3] Therefore we shall not be afraid, though the earth be removed and though the mountains be shaken in the middle of the seas. [§]
Al-ken lo nir'a behamir arets uve-mot harim belev yamim.
'Al' means 'upon' or 'because of', 'ken' means 'this' so together they form 'therefore'. 'Lo' means 'not'. 'Nir'a' is the verb 'we shall fear' in the negative sense. 'Behamir' comes from a root meaning 'upheaval' or 'removal', here rendered 'though the earth is removed'. 'Aretz' means 'earth' or 'land'. 'Uve-mot' is a conjunction 'and' plus the verb 'shaken' or 'moved'. 'Harim' means 'mountains'. 'Belev' means 'in the middle' (literally 'in the heart'). 'Yamim' means 'seas' (plural of 'sea').
[PSA.46.4] They will be confounded, they will be ashamed, the mountains will quake in his pride, Selah. [§]
Yehemu yechamru meimav yir'ashu harim bega'avato selah.
'Yehemu' means 'they will be confounded', 'yechamru' means 'they will be ashamed', 'meimav' means 'of his waters' (or 'their waters'), 'yir'ashu' means 'they will quake' or 'shake', 'harim' means 'the mountains', 'bega'avato' means 'in his pride', and 'selah' is a liturgical term often left untranslated.
[PSA.46.5] The river's streams will gladden the city of the Gods, holy dwellers of the Most High. [§]
nahar pelagav yesamchu ir-elohim kadosh mishkenei elyon.
'nahar' means 'river', 'pelagav' means 'its streams', 'yesamchu' means 'will make glad' or 'will rejoice', 'ir-elohim' combines 'ir' (city) and 'Elohim' (the Gods) meaning 'city of the Gods', 'kadosh' means 'holy', 'mishkenei' means 'inhabitants of' or 'dwellers of', and 'elyon' means 'the Most High'. The phrase 'kadosh mishkenei elyon' is taken as a descriptive clause meaning 'holy (are) the dwellers of the Most High'.
[PSA.46.6] The Gods in her midst do not move; he will help her, the Gods before morning. [§]
Elohim beqirbah bal-timmot yaezreha Elohim lifnot boker.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'beqirbah' means 'in her midst', 'bal-timmot' means 'do not move/shake', 'yaezreha' means 'he will help her', the second 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 'lifnot' means 'before (his) face' or 'in front of', and 'boker' means 'morning'.
[PSA.46.7] He caused the nations to cease, he broke the kingdoms, and he made the earth tremble with his voice. [§]
Hamu goyim matu mamlekhot natan bekoloh tamug aretz.
'Hamu' means 'he caused to be mute or cease', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'matu' means 'they bowed or fell', 'mamlekhot' means 'kingdoms', 'natan' means 'he gave', 'bekoloh' means 'with his voice', 'tamug' means 'shall be shaken or trembled', 'aretz' means 'earth'.
[PSA.46.8] Yahveh of hosts is with us; a refuge for us, God of Jacob. Selah. [§]
Yahveh Tzevaot immanu mishgav lanu elohi Yaakov sela.
"Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH; "Tzevaot" means "hosts" (armies); "immanu" means "with us"; "mishgav" means "refuge" or "stronghold"; "lanu" means "to us" or "for us"; "elohi" is the construct form of "Elohim", translated literally as "God of"; "Yaakov" means "Jacob"; "sela" is a liturgical pause often left as "Selah".
[PSA.46.9] Go, see the works of Yahveh, which has set the heavens on the earth. [§]
Lechu chazu mifalot Yahveh asher sam shmoth baaretz.
'Lechu' means 'go' (imperative plural), 'chazu' means 'see', 'mifalot' means 'works' or 'deeds', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'sam' means 'has set' or 'placed', 'shmoth' means 'heavens', 'baaretz' means 'on the earth' or 'in the earth'.
[PSA.46.10] He who puts an end to battles to the farthest edge of the earth will break the bow and sharpen the spear; spikes will be burned with fire. [§]
Mashbit milchamot ad ketze haaretz keshet yeshaver ve kitsetz chanit agalot yisrof baesh.
'Mashbit' means 'stopping' or 'putting an end to', 'milchamot' means 'battles', 'ad' means 'to' or 'until', 'ketze' means 'the end' (literally 'edge'), 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'keshet' means 'bow', 'yeshaver' means 'will break', 've' means 'and', 'kitsetz' means 'will sharpen' or 'will cut', 'chanit' means 'spear', 'agalot' means 'spikes' or 'sharpened points', 'yisrof' means 'will burn', 'baesh' means 'with fire'.
[PSA.46.11] Relax and know that I the Gods will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth. [§]
Harpu ude'u ki anochi Elohim arum bagoyim arum baaretz.
'Harpu' means 'be at rest' or 'relax', 'ude'u' means 'and know', 'ki' means 'that', 'anochi' means 'I', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'arum' means 'I will lift up' or 'exalt', 'bagoyim' means 'among the nations', the second 'arum' repeats the same meaning, and 'baaretz' means 'on the earth'.
[PSA.46.12] Yahveh of hosts with us, a refuge for us, God of Jacob, Selah. [§]
Yahveh Tzevaot imanu mishgav lanu Elohei Yaakov Selah.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, the personal name of God; 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' (armies of heaven) and together they form 'Yahveh Tzevaot' meaning 'Yahveh of hosts'; 'imanu' means 'with us'; 'mishgav' means 'refuge' or 'stronghold'; 'lanu' means 'for us'; 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim', translated here as 'God of'; 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob; 'Selah' is a liturgical musical term retained as is. The translation follows the given literal renderings of divine names.
PSA.47
[PSA.47.1] A psalm for the chief musician, for the sons of Korah. [§]
lamnatseach livnei korach mizmor
'lamnatseach' means 'to the chief musician' (a heading for the musical director), 'livnei' means 'to the sons of' (the preposition l‑ plus the plural noun 'sons'), 'korach' is a proper name (Korah), and 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song'.
[PSA.47.2] All the peoples, clap your hands; shout to the Gods with a cry of joy. [§]
Kol haamim tikua kaf hareiu leElohim bekol rinnah.
'Kol' means 'all', 'haamim' means 'the peoples', 'tikua' means 'you (plural) clap', 'kaf' means 'hand' (here plural accusative 'hands'), 'hareiu' means 'shout' or 'cry out', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'bekol' means 'with a voice', 'rinnah' means 'joy' or 'shout of joy'.
[PSA.47.3] For Yahveh Most High is awesome, a great king over all the earth. [§]
Ki Yahveh Elyon nora Melek Gadol al kol haaretz.
'Ki' means 'for', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elyon' means 'Most High', 'nora' means 'awesome' or 'awe-inspiring', 'Melek' means 'king', 'Gadol' means 'great', 'al' means 'over', 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.47.4] He will bind the peoples beneath us, and the nations beneath our feet. [§]
yadber amim tachteinu u le'umim tachat ragleinu.
'yad' means 'hand'; the verb form 'ber' here conveys the sense of 'will bind' or 'will subdue'. 'amim' means 'peoples' or 'nations'. 'tachteinu' is 'under us' (tachat = under, -einu = our). 'u' is the conjunction 'and'. 'le'umim' is 'the nations' (le- = to/for, umim = nations). 'tachat' again means 'under' or 'beneath'. 'ragleinu' means 'our feet' (ragl = foot, -einu = our). The phrase therefore describes a future act of subjugation: the hand (i.e., the one speaking) will bind the peoples beneath us, and the nations will be placed beneath our feet.
[PSA.47.5] He will choose for us our inheritance, the pride of Jacob that he loved, Selah. [§]
Yivchar lanu et nachalateinu et ge'on Ya'akov asher ahev sela.
'Yivchar' means 'will choose', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'et' is a direct object marker (no translation), 'nachalateinu' means 'our inheritance', another 'et' again object marker, 'ge'on' means 'pride', 'Ya'akov' means 'Jacob', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'ahev' means 'loved', 'sela' is a liturgical term left untranslated.
[PSA.47.6] The Gods rose with a trumpet, Yahveh with a sound of a ram's horn. [§]
alah Elohim biteruah Yahveh b'kol shofar.
'alah' means 'rose' or 'went up', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'biteruah' means 'with a trumpet' (literally 'by a sounding'), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'b'kol' means 'with a voice' or 'by a sound', and 'shofar' means 'ram's horn' (a type of trumpet).
[PSA.47.7] Sing, the Gods, sing! Sing to our King, sing. [§]
Zammeru Elohim zammeru zammeru leMalkenu zammeru.
'Zammeru' means 'sing' (imperative plural). 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the name). 'leMalkenu' means 'to our King' ('le' = to, 'Malkenu' = our King). The phrase repeats the command to sing.
[PSA.47.8] Because the king of all the earth, the Gods, sing a wise song. [§]
kee mel-ekh kol ha-aretz eh-loh-heem zam-roo maskeel.
'kee' means 'because', 'mel-ekh' means 'king', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'eh-loh-heem' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'zam-roo' is the imperative plural of 'zamar' meaning 'sing', and 'maskeel' is a noun meaning 'wise one' or 'a song of wisdom', here understood as 'wise song'.
[PSA.47.9] The Gods reign over the nations; the Gods sit on his holy throne. [§]
Malakh Elohim al goyim Elohim yashav al kiseh kadshehu.
'Malakh' means 'reigns', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'al' means 'over', 'goyim' means 'nations', the second 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 'yashav' means 'sits', 'al' means 'on', 'kiseh' means 'throne', and 'kadshehu' means 'his holy'.
[PSA.47.10] The proud ones of the nations have gathered, a people of the Gods of Abraham, because to the Gods the shields of the earth are greatly exalted. [§]
Nedivei amim neesafu am Elohei Avraham ki leElohim maginei eretz meod naalah.
'Nedivei' means 'proud ones' or 'nobles', 'amim' means 'nations', 'neesafu' means 'have gathered', 'am' means 'people', 'Elohei' means 'of the Gods', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'ki' means 'because', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods', 'maginei' means 'shields of', 'eretz' means 'the earth', 'meod' means 'greatly', 'naalah' means 'are lifted up' or 'exalted'.
PSA.48
[PSA.48.1] Song, a psalm for the sons of Korah. [§]
Shir Mizmor leBnei Korach.
'Shir' means 'song', 'Mizmor' means 'psalm', 'leBnei' is a construct meaning 'to the sons of' (literally 'for the sons of'), and 'Korach' is a proper name referring to the family of Korah.
[PSA.48.2] Great is Yahveh and greatly praised in the city of our God, his holy mountain. [§]
Gadol Yahveh u-mehulal meod beir Eloheinu har Qadosh.
'Gadol' means 'great', 'Yahveh' is the literal name for YHVH, 'u-mehulal' means 'and praised', 'meod' means 'very' or 'greatly', 'beir' means 'in the city', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God', 'har' means 'mountain', 'Qadosh' means 'holy'.
[PSA.48.3] Beautiful, splendid, joyful, the whole earth, Mount Zion, turning toward the north, the city of the great king. [§]
Yafeh Nof Mesos kol haaretz har Tziyon yarketei tzafon kiryat melech rav.
'Yafeh' means 'beautiful', 'Nof' means 'splendid' or 'excellent', 'Mesos' means 'joyful', 'kol haaretz' means 'the whole earth', 'har Tziyon' means 'Mount Zion', 'yarketei' is a form of the verb meaning 'to bend' or 'to turn toward', here understood as 'the northern direction', 'tzafon' means 'north', 'kiryat' means 'city', 'melech' means 'king', and 'rav' means 'great' or 'many'.
[PSA.48.4] The Gods are known in her palaces to the heights. [§]
Elohim be'armnoteha noda le mishgab.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural). 'be' is the preposition 'in'. 'armnoteha' is 'her palaces' (armon = palace, plural with her suffix). 'noda' means 'is known' or 'known'. 'le' is the preposition 'to' or 'for'. 'mishgab' means 'the heights' or 'high places'.
[PSA.48.5] For behold, the kings have gathered; they passed together. [§]
Ki hinee ha melachim noadu avru yachdav.
'Ki' means 'for', 'hinee' means 'behold', 'ha melachim' means 'the kings', 'noadu' means 'have gathered' or 'assembled', 'avru' means 'they passed' or 'they went forth', 'yachdav' means 'together'.
[PSA.48.6] They saw it, and their end was thus; they were confounded and seized. [§]
Hemmah ra'u ken tamahu nivhalu nekhpazu.
'Hemmah' means 'they', 'ra\'u' means 'saw', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'tamahu' means 'their end' (tam = end, -hu = their), 'nivhalu' means 'they were confounded' or 'bewildered', 'nekhpazu' means 'they were seized' or 'taken by surprise'.
[PSA.48.7] Trembling, you have taken hold there of strength like a newborn. [§]
reada achazatem sham cheil kayoylda.
'reada' means 'trembling', 'achazatem' means 'you have taken hold', 'sham' means 'there', 'cheil' means 'strength' or 'might', 'kayoylda' means 'like a newborn'.
[PSA.48.8] By the east wind you will break the ships of Tarshish. [§]
b'ruach kadim teshaver oniyot tarshish.
'b'ruach' means 'by the wind', 'kadim' means 'east' or 'eastern', 'teshaver' means 'you will break' (future verb), 'oniyot' means 'ships', 'tarshish' is a proper name referring to the region famous for ships, so the phrase means 'the ships of Tarshish'.
[PSA.48.9] As we have heard, so we have seen in the city of Yahveh of hosts, in the city of our God the Gods will establish it forever. Selah. [§]
ka'asher shamanu ken ra'inu be'ir Yahveh tzevaot be'ir Eloheinu Elohim yekhonneha ad olam selah.
'ka'asher' means 'as', 'shamanu' means 'we heard', 'ken' means 'so', 'ra'inu' means 'we saw', 'be'ir' means 'in the city of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'tzevaot' means 'hosts' (of armies), the second 'be'ir' repeats 'in the city of', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God' (literally 'our Elohim'), 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yekhonneha' means 'will establish it', 'ad' means 'until', 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'forever', and 'selah' is a musical or liturgical pause.
[PSA.48.10] We have imagined the Gods' mercy in the midst of your temple. [§]
Diminu Elohim chasdeka bekerev heikhalekha.
'Diminu' means 'we have imagined' or 'we have considered', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'chasdeka' means 'your lovingkindness' (your mercy), 'bekerev' means 'in the midst of', and 'heikhalekha' means 'your temple' (the sanctuary of your house).
[PSA.48.11] As your name, God, so is your praise over the ends of the earth; justice fills your right hand. [§]
Keshimmkha Elohim ken tehilatkha al-katzvei eretz tzedek mal'ah yemin'kha.
'Keshimmkha' means 'as your name', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', 'tehilatkha' means 'your praise', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'katzvei' means 'the ends', 'eretz' means 'earth', 'tzedek' means 'justice' or 'righteousness', 'mal'ah' means 'is full', 'yemin'kha' means 'your right hand'. The phrase 'as your name, God' parallels the structure 'as your name, O God', indicating that just as God's name is revered, so is His praise spread over the whole earth, and His right hand is full of justice.
[PSA.48.12] The mountain of Zion will rejoice, the daughters of Judah will be glad, for the sake of your judgments. [§]
Yismach har Tziyon tagele-nah be-noht Yehudah le-ma-an mishpatecha.
'Yismach' means 'will rejoice', 'har' means 'mountain', 'Tziyon' means 'Zion', 'tagele-nah' means 'will be glad' (feminine plural), 'be-noht' means 'the daughters', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'le-ma-an' means 'for the sake of', 'mishpatecha' means 'your judgments' (referring to the judgments of God).
[PSA.48.13] Go around Zion and encircle it; count its towers. [§]
sovu tziyon ve-hakipooha sifru migdaleyha.
'sovu' means 'go round' or 'encircle', 'tziyon' means 'Zion', 've-hakipooha' means 'and its encircling' (literally 'and its surrounding'), 'sifru' means 'count' (imperative), 'migdaleyha' means 'its towers' (plural of tower with the suffix her/its).
[PSA.48.14] Set your heart for battle, break her walls, so that you will recount to a later generation. [§]
Shiitu livkhem lecheila passgu armnoteha lemaan tesapru ledor acharon.
'Shiitu' means 'set' or 'place', 'livkhem' means 'your heart', 'lecheila' means 'for battle' or 'to war', 'passgu' means 'break' or 'pierce', 'armnoteha' means 'her ramparts' or 'her walls', 'lemaan' means 'in order that' or 'so that', 'tesapru' means 'you will tell' or 'you will recount', 'ledor' means 'to a generation', 'acharon' means 'later' or 'future'.
[PSA.48.15] For this the Gods our God forever and ever he will guide us over death. [§]
Ki zeh Elohim Eloheinu olam va'ed hu yenahageinu al-mot.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'zeh' means 'this', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'Eloheinu' combines 'Eloah' (God) with the suffix '-enu' (our) meaning 'our God', 'olam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting', 'va'ed' means 'and ever' (a reinforcing phrase for eternity), 'hu' means 'he' (referring to God), 'yenahageinu' is a verb meaning 'will guide us' or 'will lead us', and 'al-mot' means 'over death' or 'beyond death'.
PSA.49
[PSA.49.1] A psalm for the chief musician, for the sons of Korah. [§]
lamnatseach livnei korach mizmor
'lamnatseach' means 'to the chief musician' (a heading for the musical director), 'livnei' means 'to the sons of' (the preposition l‑ plus the plural noun 'sons'), 'korach' is a proper name (Korah), and 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song'.
[PSA.49.2] Listen to this, all the peoples; listen, all who dwell among the young. [§]
shimu zot kol haamim haazinu kol yoshevei chaled.
'shimu' means 'listen!' (imperative plural), 'zot' means 'this', 'kol' means 'all', 'haamim' means 'the peoples', 'haazinu' means 'listen!' (imperative plural with the definite article), 'yoshevei' means 'inhabitants of' or 'those who dwell in', 'chaled' means 'young' or 'child'.
[PSA.49.3] Also the sons of man, also the sons of a person together, rich and poor. [§]
gam-b'nei adam gam-b'nei ish yachad ashir veevyon.
'gam' means 'also', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'adam' means 'man', 'ish' means 'person' or 'man', 'yachad' means 'together', 'ashir' means 'rich', 'veevyon' means 'and poor'.
[PSA.49.4] My mouth will speak wisdom, and the murmuring of my heart are understandings. [§]
Pi yedaber chachamoth ve-hagut libi tevunot.
'Pi' means 'my mouth', 'yedaber' means 'will speak', 'chachamoth' means 'wisdoms', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'hagut' means 'murmuring' or 'utterance', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'tevunot' means 'understandings' or 'insights'.
[PSA.49.5] You, who rule my ear, I will open my riddle with a harp. [§]
Ata le-mashal ozni eftach be-kinnor chidati.
'Ata' means 'you' (masculine singular). 'le-mashal' means 'to rule' or 'to be the ruler of'. 'ozni' means 'my ear' (oz = ear, -ni = my). 'eftach' means 'I will open'. 'be-kinnor' means 'with a harp' (kinnor = harp or lyre). 'chidati' means 'my riddle' or 'my puzzle' (chida = riddle, -ti = my).
[PSA.49.6] Why shall I fear in the days of evil, the guilt of my iniquity will turn me away. [§]
Lamah ira bi-mei ra avon aqevai yesubeni.
'Lamah' means 'why', 'ira' means 'shall I fear' (first person singular), 'bi-mei' means 'in the days of', 'ra' means 'evil', 'avon' means 'iniquity' or 'guilt', 'aqevai' means 'my iniquity' (possessive suffix), 'yesubeni' means 'will turn me away' or 'will cause me to stumble'.
[PSA.49.7] Those who trust in their own strength and in the abundance of their wealth will boast. [§]
Habotchim al cheilam uveb rov ashram yithallalu.
'Habotchim' means 'those who trust', 'al' means 'in' or 'upon', 'cheilam' means 'their strength', 'uveb' means 'and in the abundance', 'rov' means 'multitude' or 'abundance', 'ashram' means 'their wealth', 'yithallalu' means 'they will boast' or 'they shall exult'.
[PSA.49.8] Ah, not a redeemer will redeem a man; he will not give his atonement to the Gods. [§]
Ach lo pado yipdeh ish lo yiten leElohim kapro.
'Ach' means 'Ah' (an exclamation). 'lo' means 'not'. 'pado' means 'redeemer' or 'one who redeems'. 'yipdeh' means 'will redeem'. 'ish' means 'a man' or 'person'. 'lo' again means 'not'. 'yiten' means 'will give'. 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (Elohim translated as the Gods). 'kapro' means 'his atonement' or 'his ransom'.
[PSA.49.9] And their redemption shall be despised, and it shall cease forever. [§]
ve yekar pidyon napsham ve chadal leolam.
've' means 'and', 'yekar' means 'shall be despised' or 'shamed', 'pidyon' means 'redemption', 'napsham' means 'their soul' or 'their lives', 've' again means 'and', 'chadal' means 'shall cease' or 'will stop', 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'for eternity'.
[PSA.49.10] And may he live forever; he will not see destruction. [§]
vi-hee od lanetsach lo yireh hashchat.
'vi-hee' means 'and may he live', 'od' means 'still' or 'again', 'lanetsach' means 'forever', 'lo' means 'not', 'yireh' means 'he will see', 'hashchat' means 'the destruction' or 'ruin'.
[PSA.49.11] For those who will see the wise will die together; the fool and the blaze will be lost, and they will abandon their strength to others. [§]
Ki yireh chakamim yamutu yachad kesil vava'ar yoavdu ve'azvu la'acherim cheilam.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because'. 'yireh' is the verb 'will see' (from the root ra-’ah). 'chakamim' means 'wise ones' or 'the wise'. 'yamutu' is 'they will die'. 'yachad' means 'together'. 'kesil' means 'fool' (singular). 'vava'ar' is the conjunction 'and' plus 'vava'ar' from the verb 'to burn', here rendered as 'the blaze' or 'the burning'. 'yoavdu' is 'they will be lost' or 'they will perish'. 've'azvu' is 'and they will abandon' or 'and they will leave'. 'la'acherim' means 'to others' or 'for others'. 'cheilam' is 'their strength' (from 'chayil' meaning 'strength, power'). The verse therefore strings a series of observations about the fate of the wise, the fool, and the burning, concluding that they will abandon their strength to others.
[PSA.49.12] Their (end/close) in its place forever, their dwellings for generation after generation, they called them by their names upon the lands. [§]
Kirbam bateimo leolam mishkenotam le dor va dor karu bishmotam ale adamot.
'Kirbam' is a construct form meaning 'their (something)'; scholars read it as 'their end' or 'their close'. 'Bateimo' means 'in its house' or 'in its place'. 'Leolam' means 'forever' or 'for all time'. 'Mishkenotam' is 'their dwellings' or 'their habitations'. 'Le dor va dor' means 'to generation after generation'. 'Karu' is the verb 'they called' or 'they named'. 'Bishmotam' means 'by their names'. 'Ale' is the preposition 'upon' or 'on'. 'Adamot' is the plural of 'land' meaning 'lands' or 'the earth'.
[PSA.49.13] And man, in honor, shall not descend; he will be ruled like beasts and they will be destroyed. [§]
Ve'adam biqar bal-yalin nimshal kabhemot nidmu.
'Ve'adam' means 'and man', 'biqar' is a poetic phrase meaning 'in honor' or 'in preciousness', 'bal-yalin' means 'shall not descend', 'nimshal' means 'will be ruled', 'kabhemot' means 'like beasts', 'nidmu' means 'they will be destroyed'.
[PSA.49.14] This is their way, a cup for them; and after that, they will desire in their mouths, Selah. [§]
zeh darkam kese lamo veachareihem befihem yirtzu selah.
'zeh' means 'this', 'darkam' means 'their way' or 'their path', 'kese' (from 'kesel') means 'a cup' (used metaphorically for a vessel or portion), 'lamo' means 'for them' or 'to them', 'veachareihem' means 'and after them', 'befihem' means 'in their mouths', 'yirtzu' means 'they will desire' or 'they will long for', 'selah' is a liturgical musical term indicating a pause or emphasis.
[PSA.49.15] Like sheep to Sheol you set death, they will graze it, and they went down in it the righteous in the morning and their companions to the wandering Sheol a chant for him. [§]
katzon lish'ol shatu mavet yire'em vayirdu bam yesharim laboker vetsiram levallot sha'ol mizbul lo.
'katzon' means 'like sheep', 'lish'ol' means 'to Sheol' or 'to the grave', 'shatu' means 'you set' or 'they set', 'mavet' means 'death', 'yire'em' means 'they will graze it', 'vayyirdu' means 'and they went down', 'bam' means 'in it', 'yesharim' means 'the righteous', 'laboker' means 'in the morning', 'vetsiram' means 'and their companions', 'levallot' means 'to the wandering' (a poetic sense of going into the void), 'sha'ol' means 'Sheol, the realm of the dead', 'mizbul' means 'a chant' or 'song', 'lo' means 'for him'.
[PSA.49.16] Only the Gods will redeem my soul from the hand of the grave, for they will take me—pause. [§]
Ach-Elohim yipdeh nafshi miyad-sheol ki yikachen sela.
'Ach' means 'only' or 'but', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'yipdeh' means 'will redeem', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'mi' means 'from', 'yad' means 'hand', 'sheol' means 'the grave' or 'underworld', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'yikachen' means 'will take me', and 'sela' is a liturgical term often rendered as 'pause' or 'stop'.
[PSA.49.17] Do not be afraid, for a man will prosper, because his house’s honor will increase. [§]
Al tira ki ya'ashar ish ki yirbeh kevod beito.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tira' means 'be afraid' or 'fear', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'ya'ashar' means 'a man will prosper' or 'a man will act successfully', 'ish' means 'a man', the second 'ki' again means 'because', 'yirbeh' means 'will increase' or 'will be multiplied', 'kevod' means 'honor' or 'glory', and 'beito' means 'his house' (lit. 'in his house').
[PSA.49.18] For in his death all will not take, his glory will not descend after him. [§]
Ki lo be-moto yikkach ha-kol lo-yered acharav kevodo.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'be-moto' means 'in his death', 'yikkach' means 'will take', 'ha-kol' means 'all', 'lo-yered' means 'will not descend', 'acharav' means 'after him', 'kevodo' means 'his glory'.
[PSA.49.19] Because his soul in his life will bless and thank you, because you do good to him. [§]
ki-nafsho bechayav yevarekh ve-yodukha ki-teitiv lakh.
'ki' means 'because', 'nafsho' means 'his soul', 'bechayav' means 'in his life', 'yevarekh' means 'he will bless', 've-yodukha' means 'and will thank you', the second 'ki' means 'because', 'teitiv' means 'you do good', 'lakh' means 'to you' (feminine).
[PSA.49.20] He will return to the generation of his ancestors forever, and they will not see light. [§]
Tavo ad dor avotav ad netzach lo yiru-or.
'Tavo' means 'he will return' or 'he shall come', 'ad' means 'to' or 'until', 'dor' means 'generation', 'avotav' means 'his fathers' or 'his ancestors', the second 'ad' again means 'to' or 'until', 'netzach' means 'forever' or 'eternity', 'lo' means 'not', 'yiru' is the verb 'they will see', and 'or' means 'light'.
[PSA.49.21] Man is honored and does not understand; he is likened to beasts that are mute. [§]
adam bikar velo yavin nimshal kabehemot nidmu.
'adam' means 'man', 'bikar' means 'honored' or 'esteemed', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yavin' means 'understand', 'nimshal' means 'is likened' or 'is compared', 'kabehemot' means 'to beasts' (like animals), 'nidmu' means 'they are silent' or 'they are mute'.
PSA.50
[PSA.50.1] Psalm of Asaph. God the Gods Yahveh spoke and called the earth from the rising of the sun to its setting. [§]
Mizmor le'Asaf El Elohim Yahveh diber vayikra aretz mimizrakh-shemesh ad mevo'o.
'Mizmor' means 'Psalm', 'le'Asaf' means 'of Asaph', 'El' means 'God', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'Yahveh' means the personal name of God YHVH, 'diber' means 'spoke', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'aretz' means 'the earth', 'mimizrakh' means 'from the east', 'shemesh' means 'sun', 'ad' means 'to/until', 'mevo'o' means 'its setting' (the place where it goes down).
[PSA.50.2] From Zion the entirety of beauty, the Gods appeared. [§]
Mi tziyon miklal yofi Elohim hofia.
'Mi tziyon' means 'from Zion', 'miklal' means 'the entirety' or 'all', 'yofi' means 'beauty', together 'miklal yofi' means 'the entirety of beauty', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), and 'hofia' means 'appeared'.
[PSA.50.3] Our God will come and fire before him will not be silent, it will devour, and around him there is great burning. [§]
Yavo Eloheinu ve'al yecheresh esh lefanav tochel u'sviva nish'ara meod.
'Yavo' means 'will come', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God', 've'al' means 'and not', 'yecheresh' means 'will be silent', 'esh' means 'fire', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'tochel' means 'will devour/eat', 'u'sviva' means 'and around him', 'nish'ara' means 'burning', 'meod' means 'very/much'.
[PSA.50.4] He will call to the heavens from above and to the earth, he will judge his people. [§]
Yikra el ha-shamayim me'al ve el ha-aretz ladin ammo.
'Yikra' means 'he will call', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'me'al' means 'from above', 've' means 'and', 'el' again means 'to', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'ladin' means 'he will judge', 'ammo' means 'his people'.
[PSA.50.5] Gather for me, my faithful ones, the cutters of my covenant, upon the sacrifice. [§]
ispu li chasidai kortei beriti alei zavach.
'ispu' means 'gather', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'chasidai' means 'my faithful ones', 'kortei' means 'cutters' (those who cut), 'beriti' means 'my covenant', 'alei' means 'upon', 'zavach' means 'sacrifice'. The phrase 'cutters of my covenant' is a poetic way of referring to those who enact or enforce the covenant, often understood as priests or those who perform sacrificial rites.
[PSA.50.6] And the heavens declared his righteousness, because the Gods are the judge, Selah. [§]
Vayagidu shamayim tzidko ki Elohim shofet hu Selah.
'Vayagidu' means 'and they declared', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'tzidko' means 'his righteousness', 'ki' means 'because', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'shofet' means 'judge', 'hu' means 'he', 'Selah' is a liturgical pause.
[PSA.50.7] Listen my people and I will speak Israel and I will cause you the Gods your God I am. [§]
Shimeah ammi ve'adbera Yisrael ve'oidah bakh Elohim Elohecha anochi.
'Shimeah' means 'listen', 'ammi' means 'my people', 've'adbera' means 'and I will speak', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've'oidah' means 'and I will cause (you) to hear/declare', 'bakh' means 'to you', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'Elohecha' means 'your God', 'anochi' means 'I' (used here as a self‑declaration).
[PSA.50.8] Not upon your sacrifices and your burnt offerings before me always. [§]
Lo al zevacheicha ve'uloteicha lenegdi tamid.
'Lo' means 'not', 'al' means 'upon' or 'because of', 'zevacheicha' means 'your sacrifices' (zevach = sacrifice, -eicha = your), 've'uloteicha' means 'and your burnt offerings' (olot = burnt offering, -eicha = your), 'lenegdi' means 'before me' (le = to/for, negdi = before me), 'tamid' means 'always' or 'ever'.
[PSA.50.9] Do not take a donkey from your house for a burden. [§]
Lo ekach mi-beitkha par mi-miklotekha atudim.
'Lo' means 'not', 'ekach' means 'I will take', 'mi' means 'from', 'beitkha' means 'your house', 'par' means 'donkey', 'mi' again means 'from', 'miklotekha' means 'your burden' or 'for a load', 'atudim' means 'as a burden' or 'to be a load'.
[PSA.50.10] For all the forest beasts and the livestock in the thousand mountains are mine. [§]
ki li kol chayto-ya'ar behemot beharrei-aleph.
'ki' means 'for', 'li' means 'to me' (possessive), 'kol' means 'all', 'chayto' means 'beast' or 'living creature', 'ya'ar' means 'forest' (forming 'forest beast'), 'behemot' means 'cattle' or 'livestock', 'beharrei' means 'in the mountains of', and 'aleph' means 'thousand' (used here as a numeric descriptor).
[PSA.50.11] I know every bird of the mountains, and the ziz of the fields is with me. [§]
yadati kol-oph harim ve-ziz sadi imadi.
'yadati' means 'I know', 'kol-oph' means 'all bird' (or 'every bird'), 'harim' means 'the mountains', 've-ziz' means 'and ziz' (a type of bird, often rendered as a 'grouse' or 'water hen'), 'sadi' means 'the fields', and 'imadi' means 'with me'.
[PSA.50.12] If I am hungry I will not say to you, for the world is mine and its fullness. [§]
Im erav lo omer lach ki li tevel u-meloah.
'Im' means 'if', 'erav' means 'I am hungry', 'lo' means 'not', 'omer' means 'I will say', 'lach' means 'to you' (feminine), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'li' means 'to me' or 'mine', 'tevel' means 'the world', 'u-meloah' means 'and its fullness'.
[PSA.50.13] The eater of the flesh of the heroes and the blood of the atodim I will drink. [§]
haokhal b'sar abirim vedam atodim eshte.
'haokhal' means 'the eater' (a participial noun), 'b'sar' means 'of flesh', 'abirim' means 'heroes' or 'mighty ones', 'vedam' means 'and blood', 'atodim' is a plural noun whose exact referent is uncertain (a type of animal or object), 'eshte' means 'I will drink'.
[PSA.50.14] Offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the Gods, and fulfill your vow to the Most High. [§]
Zevach leElohim todah veShalem leElyon nedarecha.
'Zevach' means 'sacrifice', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods', 'todah' means 'thanksgiving' or 'thanks', 'veShalem' means 'and fulfill' or 'and pay', 'leElyon' means 'to the Most High', 'nedarecha' means 'your vow'.
[PSA.50.15] And He called me in a day of trouble, I will crush you and you will honor me. [§]
U'kera'eni be'yom tzara ahaletzcha u'tekhabedeni.
'U'kera'eni' means 'and He called me', 'be'yom tzara' means 'in a day of trouble', 'ahaletzcha' means 'I will crush you', 'u'tekhabedeni' means 'and you will honor me'.
[PSA.50.16] And to the wicked the Gods said, 'What is to you to recount my statutes, and you have taken my covenant upon your mouth.' [§]
Ve la-rasha amar Elohim mah-lekha le-sapper chukki va-tisa beriti al-pikha.
'Ve' means 'and', 'la-rasha' means 'to the wicked', 'amar' means 'said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'mah-lekha' means 'what to you', 'le-sapper' means 'to recount', 'chukki' means 'my statutes', 'va-tisa' means 'and you have taken', 'beriti' means 'my covenant', 'al-pikha' means 'upon your mouth'.
[PSA.50.17] And you hated discipline and you cast my words behind you. [§]
ve'atah saneita musar va-tashlech devarei achareikha.
've'ata' means 'and you', 'saneita' means 'hated', 'musar' means 'discipline' or 'instruction', 'va-tashlech' means 'and you cast' or 'you threw', 'devarei' means 'my words', 'achareikha' means 'behind you' or 'after you'.
[PSA.50.18] If you saw a thief and you run with him, and with the plunderers is your portion. [§]
Im ra-ita ganav va-te-rets i-mo ve-im me-na-a-fim chel-ke-cha.
'Im' means 'if', 'ra-ita' means 'you saw', 'ganav' means 'a thief', 'va-te-rets' means 'and you run', 'i-mo' means 'with him', 've-im' means 'and with', 'me-na-a-fim' means 'the plunderers', 'chel-ke-cha' means 'your portion'.
[PSA.50.19] Your mouth has sent evil, and your tongue has hidden deceit. [§]
Pi-cha sha-lach-ta ve-ra-ah u-leshon-cha tats-mid mir-mah.
'Pi' means 'mouth', 'cha' is the suffix meaning 'your', together 'Pi-cha' = 'your mouth'. 'Sha-lach-ta' is the verb 'you sent' (perfect 2nd person masculine singular). 'Ve' is the conjunction 'and'. 'Ra-ah' means 'evil' or 'wickedness'. 'U' is another conjunction 'and'. 'Leshon' means 'tongue', with the suffix 'cha' again meaning 'your', so 'U-le-shon-cha' = 'and your tongue'. 'Tats-mid' is a verb meaning 'you hide' or 'you conceal' (perfect 2nd person masculine singular). 'Mir-mah' means 'deceit' or 'falsehood'.
[PSA.50.20] You will sit with your brother, you will speak with your mother's son, you will give my lap. [§]
Teshev be'achikha tedaber be'ven-imkha titen-dofi.
'Teshev' means 'you will sit', 'be'achikha' means 'with your brother' or 'in your brother', 'tedaber' means 'you will speak', 'be'ven-imkha' means 'with the son of your mother' (i.e., your maternal brother or nephew), 'titen' means 'you will give', and 'dofi' is a noun derived from the root D-F meaning 'lap' or 'bosom', here rendered as 'my lap' as a term of affectionate giving.
[PSA.50.21] These you have done and I fell silent, you made me mute, the being I will be like you, I will show you and I will lay it out before your eyes. [§]
Ele asita vehecherashti dimita heyot-ehye kamocha okhichacha veearka le'einecha.
'Ele' means 'these', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'vehecherashti' means 'and I fell silent', 'dimita' means 'you made (me) mute', 'heyot-ehye' means 'the being that I will be', 'kamocha' means 'like you', 'okhichacha' means 'I will show you' or 'I will prove to you', 'veearka' means 'and I will arrange' or 'lay out', 'le'einecha' means 'before your eyes'.
[PSA.50.22] Understand, please, this: those who forget God, lest I devour, and there is no savior. [§]
Binu na zot shochei Eloah pen etrof ve'eyn matsil.
'Binu' means 'understand', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'please'. 'Zot' means 'this'. 'Shochei' means 'those who forget'. 'Eloah' is the singular name for God, translated as 'God'. 'Pen' means 'lest'. 'Etrof' is the first person singular form of the verb meaning 'I will devour' or 'I will strike down'. 'Ve' means 'and'. 'Ein' means 'there is no' or 'there is not'. 'Matsil' means 'rescuer' or 'savior'.
[PSA.50.23] The offering of thanksgiving will honor me and set a way I will see in the salvation of the Gods. [§]
Zoveach todah yechabedani vesam derech areinu beyesha Elohim.
"Zoveach" means "offering" or "sacrificer"; "todah" means "thanksgiving" or "thanks"; "yechabedani" is a verb meaning "he will honor me" ("yechabed" = "will honor", "ani" = "me"); "vesam" means "and will set" or "and will place"; "derech" means "way" or "road"; "areinu" (from "arei") means "I will see" ("arei" = "I will see", with object suffix "-nu" meaning "it"); "beyesha" means "in salvation" ("be" = "in", "yesha" = "salvation"); "Elohim" means "the Gods" (plural form of God).
PSA.51
[PSA.51.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatshech mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatshech' means 'to the chief musician', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (belonging to David).
[PSA.51.2] When Natan the prophet came to him, as he came to Bathsheba. [§]
Bevo elav Natan haNavi ka'asher ba el Bat Sheva.
'Bevo' means 'when (he) came', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Natan' is a proper name, 'haNavi' means 'the prophet', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'ba' means 'he came', 'el' means 'to', 'Bat' is part of the name 'Bat Sheva' meaning 'Bathsheba'.
[PSA.51.3] Have mercy on me, O the Gods, as your lovingkindness, as abundant your mercies, erase my sins. [§]
Chaneni Elohim kechasdeka kerov rachameka mechhe peshai.
'Chaneni' means 'have mercy on me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'kechasdeka' means 'as your lovingkindness', 'kerov' means 'as abundant', 'rachameka' means 'your mercies', 'mechhe' means 'erase', 'peshai' means 'my sins'.
[PSA.51.4] Cleanse me from my guilt and from my sin. [§]
He-reve ka-bse-nee mei-\u2018avoni u-me-\u1e25ata'ati ta-he-re-ni.
'He-reve' means 'purify' or 'cleanse', 'ka-bse-nee' means 'you (the one addressed) cleanse me', 'mei-\u2018avoni' means 'from my guilt', 'u-me-\u1e25ata'ati' means 'and from my sin', 'ta-he-re-ni' means 'purify me' or 'make me clean'.
[PSA.51.5] For I know my transgression, and my sin is always before me. [§]
Ki peshai ani eda ve chatati neggdi tamid.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'peshai' means 'my iniquity' or 'my transgression', 'ani' means 'I', 'eda' means 'know', 've' means 'and', 'chatati' means 'my sin' or 'my guilt', 'neggdi' means 'before me' or 'in my presence', 'tamid' means 'always' or 'continuously'.
[PSA.51.6] To You alone I have sinned, and I have done what is evil in Your eyes, that Your word may be justified, that You may be vindicated in Your judgment. [§]
Lecha levaddecha chatati ve hara be'einecha asiti lema an titzdak be davrekha tizkeh beshaftecha.
'Lecha' means 'to You', 'levaddecha' means 'alone' or 'by yourself', 'chatati' means 'I have sinned', 've' means 'and', 'hara' means 'the evil' or 'the bad', 'be'einecha' means 'in Your eyes', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'lema an' means 'for the purpose that' or 'in order that', 'titzdak' means 'you may be justified' or 'you may be made right', 'be davrekha' means 'by Your word', 'tizkeh' means 'you may be vindicated' or 'you may be proved right', 'beshaftecha' means 'in Your judgment'.
[PSA.51.7] Behold, in iniquity I have become wretched, and in sin my mother will be angry with me. [§]
Hen be'avon cholalti uvcheta yechematni immi.
'Hen' means 'Behold' or 'Indeed'. 'be'avon' is the preposition 'in' plus 'avon' meaning 'iniquity' or 'guilt', so 'in iniquity'. 'cholalti' is a verb from the root 'cholal' meaning 'to be wretched' or 'to be humbled', first person singular perfect, 'I have become wretched'. 'uvcheta' is the conjunction 'and' plus 'b' plus 'cheta' meaning 'in sin'. 'yechematni' is a future third‑person singular verb from the root 'cham' meaning 'to be angry', with the suffix '-ni' meaning 'me', so 'he will be angry with me'. 'immi' means 'my mother'.
[PSA.51.8] Behold, truth: you have desired confidences and secrecy, wisdom that you will make known to me. [§]
Hen-emet chafatzta batuchot uvasatum chokhmah todiena.
'Hen' means 'behold', 'emet' means 'truth', 'chafatzta' means 'you have desired', 'batuchot' means 'in confidences', 'uvasatum' means 'and in secrecy', 'chokhmah' means 'wisdom', 'todiena' means 'you will make known to me'.
[PSA.51.9] Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean; wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. [§]
techatteni beezov ve'et har tehkabseni umishleg albin
'techat' means 'purge', '-ni' means 'me'; 'beezov' means 'with hyssop'; 've' means 'and'; 'et har' means 'I shall be clean'; 'tekhabs' means 'wash', '-ni' means 'me'; 'u' means 'and'; 'mishleg' means 'snow'; 'albin' means 'white'.
[PSA.51.10] Make me hear joy and gladness; they will rejoice the bones you have struck. [§]
Tashmie'eni sashon ve-simcha tagelnah atzamot dikita.
'Tashmie'eni' means 'you will cause me to hear', 'sashon' means 'joy', 've-simcha' means 'and gladness', 'tagelnah' means 'they will rejoice', 'atzamot' means 'bones', 'dikita' means 'you have struck'.
[PSA.51.11] Cover your face from my sins, and erase all my iniquities. [§]
Has'ter panekha mechat'ati vechol avonotai mecheh.
'Has'ter' means 'cover' or 'hide', 'panekha' means 'your face' (addressed to God), 'mechat'ati' means 'from my sins', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'avonotai' means 'my iniquities', 'mecheh' means 'erase' or 'remove'.
[PSA.51.12] Pure heart, create for me the Gods, and a steadfast spirit renewed within my innermost being. [§]
Lev tahor be-ra-li Elohim ve-ruach nachon chadesh be-kirbi.
'Lev' means 'heart', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'be-ra-li' means 'create for me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 've-ruach' means 'and spirit', 'nachon' means 'steadfast' or 'upright', 'chadesh' means 'new' or 'renewed', 'be-kirbi' means 'within my interior' or 'in my innermost being'.
[PSA.51.13] Do not cast me before you, and your holy spirit do not take from me. [§]
al-tashlikheni milfanekha ve-ruach kodeshekha al-tikach mimmeni.
'al' means 'do not', 'tashlikheni' means 'you will cast me', 'milfanekha' means 'before you' or 'in your presence', 've' means 'and', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'kodeshekha' means 'your holy', 'al' again means 'do not', 'tikach' means 'you will take', 'mimmeni' means 'from me'.
[PSA.51.14] Restore to me the joy of your salvation, and uphold me with a generous spirit. [§]
Hashiva li sason yishe'kha ve'ruach nedivah tismekheni.
'Hashiva' means 'restore' (imperative), 'li' means 'to me', 'sason' means 'joy', 'yishe'kha' means 'your salvation', 've'ruach' means 'and spirit', 'nedivah' means 'generous' or 'willing', 'tismekheni' means 'you will uphold me' or 'you will entrust me'.
[PSA.51.15] I will teach transgressors your ways, and sinners will return to you. [§]
Alamda poshe'im derachekha ve chatta'im elekha yashuvu.
'Alamda' means 'I will teach'; 'poshe'im' means 'transgressors' or 'those who act wickedly'; 'derachekha' means 'your ways'; 've' means 'and'; 'chatta'im' means 'sinners'; 'elekha' means 'to you' (addressed to God); 'yashuvu' means 'they will turn back' or 'they will return'.
[PSA.51.16] Save me from blood, the Gods, the Gods of my salvation, you will sing my tongue your righteousness. [§]
hatzileni mid damim Elohim Elohei teshua ti terannen leshoni tzidkatecha.
'hatzileni' means 'save me', 'mid damim' means 'from blood', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'Elohei' is the construct form meaning 'Gods of', 'teshua ti' means 'my salvation', together 'Elohei teshua ti' means 'the Gods of my salvation', 'terannen' means 'you will sing' or 'you will rejoice', 'leshoni' means 'my tongue', 'tzidkatecha' means 'your righteousness'.
[PSA.51.17] My Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will declare your praise. [§]
Adonai shefatay tiptach ufi yagid tehilatecha.
'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'shefatay' means 'my lips', 'tiptach' means 'you will open', 'ufi' means 'and my mouth', 'yagid' means 'will declare', 'tehilatecha' means 'your praise'.
[PSA.51.18] For you do not desire a sacrifice, nor a burnt offering; you will not be pleased. [§]
Ki lo-tachpots zevach ve-etena olah lo tirzeh.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo-tachpots' means 'you do not desire', 'zevach' means 'a sacrifice', 've-etena' means 'and a burnt offering', 'olah' means 'burnt offering', 'lo' means 'not', 'tirzeh' means 'you will be pleased'.
[PSA.51.19] The sacrifices of the Gods, the spirit will be broken, a broken heart and we will be broken, the Gods you will not despise. [§]
Zivchei Elohim ruach nishbarah lev-nishbar ve'nidke Elohim lo tivzeh.
'Zivchei' means 'sacrifices of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'nishbarah' means 'will be broken', 'lev-nishbar' means 'broken heart', 've'nidke' means 'and we will be broken', 'lo' means 'not', 'tivzeh' means 'you will despise'.
[PSA.51.20] Make Zion in your will, and you will build the walls of Jerusalem. [§]
Heitivah birtzoncha et Tzion tivneh chomot Yerushalayim.
'Heitivah' means 'make good' or 'make pleasing', 'birtzoncha' means 'in your will' (your = God), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Tzion' means 'Zion', 'tivneh' means '(you) will build', 'chomot' means 'walls', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem'.
[PSA.51.21] Then you desire the sacrifices of righteousness, burnt offering and music; then they will be offered on your altar, the bulls. [§]
Az tachpotz zivchei tzedek olah vechalil az yaalu al mizbachacha parim.
'Az' means 'then', 'tachpotz' means 'you desire', 'zivchei' means 'the sacrifices of', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness', 'olah' means 'burnt offering', 'vechalil' means 'and music/chant', the second 'Az' again means 'then', 'yaalu' means 'they will go up' or 'they will be offered', 'al' means 'upon', 'mizbachacha' means 'your altar' (with the second person singular suffix), and 'parim' means 'bulls' or 'cattle'.
PSA.52
[PSA.52.1] To the chief musician, a contemplative psalm of David. [§]
lamenatzeach maskil leDavid.
'lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'maskil' means 'contemplative psalm' (a type of psalm meaning 'wise' or 'instruction'), 'leDavid' means 'of David' indicating authorship.
[PSA.52.2] When the Edomite came and told Saul, and said to him, David has come to the house of Ahimelech. [§]
bevo duoeg haadomi vayagged leshaul vayomer lo ba david el-beit achimelech.
'bevo' means 'when (entering)', 'duoeg' is understood as a name designating the Edomite, 'haadomi' means 'the Edomite', 'vayagged' means 'and he reported', 'leshaul' means 'to Saul', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ba' means 'came', 'david' means 'David', 'el-beit' means 'to the house of', 'achimelech' means 'Ahimelech'.
[PSA.52.3] What will you boast in evil, O mighty one? God's kindness endures all day. [§]
mah tithellel be-raah ha-gibor chesed El kol ha-yom.
'mah' means 'what', 'tithellel' means 'will you boast', 'be-raah' means 'in evil' or 'wickedness', 'ha-gibor' means 'the mighty one', 'chesed' means 'kindness' or 'lovingkindness', 'El' means 'God', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-yom' means 'the day' or 'today'.
[PSA.52.4] The wind will consider your tongue as a polished, trembling thing, a maker of deceit. [§]
Ha'vot tachshov l'shonecha ke'ta'ar meluttash oseh remiyah.
'Ha'vot' means 'the wind', 'tachshov' is the verb 'you will think/consider', 'l'shonecha' means 'your tongue', 'ke'ta'ar' means 'as a trembling' or 'as if trembling', 'meluttash' is the adjective 'polished' or 'refined', 'oseh' means 'maker' or 'doer', and 'remiyah' means 'deceit' or 'fraud'. The phrase therefore describes a metaphorical image in which the wind evaluates the speaker's tongue as a polished, trembling object that produces deceit.
[PSA.52.5] You loved evil more than good, falsehood more than speaking justice, Selah. [§]
ahavta ra mi-tov sheker mi-dabber tzedek sela.
'ahavta' means 'you loved', 'ra' means 'evil', 'mi-tov' means 'more than good', 'sheker' means 'falsehood', 'mi-dabber' means 'more than speaking', 'tzedek' means 'justice', 'sela' is a musical or liturgical pause often rendered 'Selah'.
[PSA.52.6] You loved all the words of the swallower, a tongue of deceit. [§]
ahavta kol divrei-bala leshon mirmah.
'ahavta' means 'you loved', 'kol' means 'all', 'divrei' means 'words of', 'bala' means 'the swallower' (one who swallows), 'leshon' means 'tongue', 'mirmah' means 'deceit' or 'falsehood'.
[PSA.52.7] Even God will sustain you forever, will hold you tightly and will deliver you from the tent, and your root from the land of life, cease. [§]
gam el yitatzcha lanetzach yachtecha ve‑yisachacha me'ohel ve'shereshcha me'eretz chayyim sela.
'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'el' means 'God', 'yitatzcha' means 'will sustain you' (from the root *tzach* 'support'), 'lanetzach' means 'forever' or 'for eternity', 'yachtecha' means 'will hold you tightly' (from *yacht* 'to clasp'), 've‑yisachacha' means 'and will deliver you' (from *sach* 'to rescue'), 'me'ohel' means 'from the tent', 've'shereshcha' means 'and your root' (from *sharash* 'root'), 'me'eretz' means 'from the earth/land', 'chayyim' means 'life', and 'sela' is a liturgical term meaning 'pause' or 'stop'.
[PSA.52.8] And the righteous will fear, and they will fear, and they will mock him. [§]
ve-yir'u tsaddikim ve-yirau ve-alav yis'kaku.
've' means 'and', 'yir'u' means 'they will fear', 'tsaddikim' means 'the righteous', 've' means 'and', 'yirau' means 'they will fear (again)', 've' means 'and', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'yis'kaku' means 'they will mock'.
[PSA.52.9] Behold, the man does not place the Gods as his support, and he trusts in the abundance of his wealth; he is bold in his pride. [§]
Hinneh ha-gever lo yasim Elohim ma'uzo vayivtach be-rov ashro ya'oz be-havato.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'ha-gever' means 'the man', 'lo' means 'not', 'yasim' means 'will place', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ma'uzo' means 'his support' (literally 'his strength'), 'vayivtach' means 'and he trusts', 'be-rov' means 'in the abundance', 'ashro' means 'of his wealth', 'ya'oz' means 'he will be bold/strong', 'be-havato' means 'in his pride'.
[PSA.52.10] And I, like a fresh olive in the house of the Gods, trusted in the kindness of the Gods forever and ever. [§]
vaani kezeet raanan bebeit Elohim batachti bechesed Elohim olam vaed.
'vaani' means 'and I', 'kezeet raanan' means 'like a fresh olive', 'bebeit' means 'in the house of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'batachti' means 'I trusted', 'bechesed' means 'in the kindness', 'olam' means 'forever', 'vaed' means 'and ever'.
[PSA.52.11] I will thank you forever because you have done it, and I will trust your name because it is good before your faithful ones. [§]
odkha le'olam ki asita v'akeve shemka ki tov neged chasidka.
'odkha' means 'I will thank you', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'ki' means 'because', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'v'akeve' means 'and I will hope/trust', 'shemka' means 'your name', 'ki tov' means 'because (it) is good', 'neged' means 'before/in front of', 'chasidka' means 'your faithful ones'.
PSA.53
[PSA.53.1] To the chief musician concerning the affliction of the wise, of David. [§]
lamenatsekh al-machalat maskil leDavid.
'lamenatsekh' means 'to the chief musician', 'al' means 'concerning' or 'upon', 'machalat' means 'illness' or 'affliction', 'maskil' means 'the wise' (or a contemplative song), 'leDavid' means 'of David'.
[PSA.53.2] Said fool in his heart, there is no the Gods; they have corrupted and they have committed wickedness; there is no one who does good. [§]
Amar navel belevbo ein Elohim hishchitu vehit'ivu avol ein oseh-tov.
'Amar' means 'said', 'navel' means 'fool', 'belevbo' means 'in his heart', 'ein' means 'there is no' or 'none', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'hishchitu' means 'they have corrupted', 'vehit'ivu' means 'and they have committed evil', 'avol' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity', 'ein' again means 'there is no', 'oseh-tov' means 'one who does good' or 'doer of good'.
[PSA.53.3] The Gods from heaven looked down upon the children of man to see whether there is a discerning seeker of the Gods. [§]
Elohim mi-shamayim hishkif al-benei adam lirot hayesh maskil doreish et-Elohim.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'mi-shamayim' means 'from heaven', 'hishkif' means 'looked down', 'al-benei' means 'upon the children of', 'adam' means 'man', 'lirot' means 'to see', 'hayesh' means 'whether there is', 'maskil' means 'wise' or 'discerning', 'doreish' means 'seeker', 'et-Elohim' means 'of the Gods'.
[PSA.53.4] All is closed together, were consumed; there is no doer of good, there is not even one. [§]
Kulo sag yachdav ne'elachu ein oseh-tov ein gam echad.
'Kulo' means 'all' or 'everything', 'sag' means 'closed' or 'tight', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'ne'elachu' means 'were consumed' or 'were burned up', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'oseh-tov' means 'doer of good', the second 'ein' repeats 'there is no', 'gam' means 'even', and 'echad' means 'one'.
[PSA.53.5] Do they not know the deeds of iniquity? The eaters of my people have eaten the bread of the Gods; they have not called. [§]
Halo yadeu po'alei aven oklei ami aklu lechem Elohim lo karau.
'Halo' means 'Is it not' or 'Do they not', 'yadeu' means 'they know', 'po'alei' means 'workers' or 'doers', 'aven' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity', 'oklei' means 'eaters', 'ami' means 'my people', 'aklu' means 'they ate', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal plural), 'lo' means 'not', 'karau' means 'they called' (as in 'they called upon').
[PSA.53.6] There was no fear there, because the Gods scattered the bones of your foundation and shamed them, for the Gods restrained them. [§]
sham pachadu-pachad lo hayah pachad ki-Elohim pizar atzmot chonach hebishota ki-Elohim measam.
'sham' means 'there', 'pachadu-pachad' is an idiom meaning 'they were terrified', literally 'fear of fear', 'lo' means 'not', 'hayah' means 'was', 'pachad' means 'fear', 'ki' means 'because', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'pizar' means 'scattered', 'atzmot' means 'bones', 'chonach' means 'your foundation' or 'your support', 'hebishota' means 'shamed them' or 'brought them to disgrace', 'measam' means 'they were restrained' or 'they were stopped'.
[PSA.53.7] Who will bring from Zion the salvation of Israel when the Gods restore his people? Jacob will rejoice, Israel will be glad. [§]
Mi yiten mi Tziyon yeshuaot Yisrael be-shuv Elohim shevut ammo yageil Yaakov yismach Yisrael.
'Mi' means 'who', 'yiten' means 'will bring', 'mi Tziyon' means 'from Zion', 'yeshuaot' means 'salvations' (deliverances), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'be-shuv' means 'when ... returns' or 'upon the return', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'shevut' means 'restoration', 'ammo' means 'of his people', 'yageil' means 'will rejoice', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'yismach' means 'will be glad', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
PSA.54
[PSA.54.1] To the chief musician with skillful music, of David. [§]
Lamnatzeach bin'ginot mashkil leDavid.
'Lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician' (lam = to the, natzeach = conductor). 'Bin'ginot' means 'with stringed instruments' (b = with, n'ginot = instruments). 'Mashkil' means 'skillful' or 'skillfully arranged'. 'leDavid' means 'of David' or 'for David' (le = for/of, David = the name David).
[PSA.54.2] When the Philistines came, they said to Saul, 'Is not David hiding with us?' [§]
Bevo ha zipim vayomru leShaul halo David mislater imanu.
'Bevo' means 'when (the) coming', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'zipim' means 'Philistines', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'leShaul' means 'to Saul', 'halo' means 'is not', 'David' is the proper name, 'mislater' means 'hiding', 'imanu' means 'with us'.
[PSA.54.3] the Gods in your name save me, and by your mighty power judge me. [§]
Elohim b'shimkha hoshieni u'v'g'vuratekha tedineny.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'b' means 'in', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'hoshieni' means 'save me', 'u' means 'and', 'v' is a conjunction meaning 'by' or 'in', 'g'vuratekha' means 'your might' or 'your mighty power', 'tedineny' means 'judge me'.
[PSA.54.4] the Gods hear my prayer; listen to the words of my mouth. [§]
Elohim shema tefillati ha'azina leimrei pi.
"Elohim" means "the Gods", "shema" means "hear", "tefillati" means "my prayer", "ha'azina" means "listen", "leimrei" means "to the words of", "pi" means "my mouth".
[PSA.54.5] For foreigners have risen against me, and the ruthless have sought my life; they have not placed the Gods before them, pause. [§]
ki zarim kamo alai ve'aritsim bikshu nafshi lo samu elohim lenegdam selah
'ki' means 'for', 'zarim' means 'foreigners', 'kamo' means 'have risen', 'alai' means 'against me', 've'aritsim' means 'and the ruthless', 'bikshu' means 'have sought', 'nafshi' means 'my life', 'lo' means 'not', 'samu' means 'have placed', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lenegdam' means 'before them', 'selah' is a liturgical mark meaning 'pause'.
[PSA.54.6] Behold, the Gods are my helper, my Lord, the support of my soul. [§]
Hinneh Elohim ozer li Adonai besomchei nafshi.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'ozer' means 'helper' or 'help', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'besomchei' is a construct meaning 'in the support of' or 'the support of', 'nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[PSA.54.7] The evil will return to my rebels; in your truth you will kindle them. [§]
yashuv ha ra le shor'rai ba amittecha hatzmiteim.
'yashuv' means 'will return', 'ha ra' means 'the evil', 'le shor'rai' means 'to my rebels', 'ba amittecha' means 'in your truth', 'ha tzmiteim' means 'you will kindle them'.
[PSA.54.8] With a sacrifice I will offer to you, I will thank your name Yahveh because good. [§]
Bin-davah ez-becha lakh odeh shimkha Yahveh ki tov.
'Bin-davah' means 'with a sacrifice', 'ez-becha' means 'I will offer for you', 'lakh' means 'to you' (feminine singular), 'odeh' means 'I will thank' or 'I will give thanks', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', and 'tov' means 'good'.
[PSA.54.9] For from all distress you saved me, and my eyes have seen my enemies. [§]
ki mikol tzara hitzilani uveoyvei raatah eini.
'ki' means 'for', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'tzara' means 'distress' or 'trouble', 'hitzilani' means 'you saved me', 'uveoyvei' means 'and my enemies', 'raatah' means 'have seen', 'eini' means 'my eyes'.
PSA.55
[PSA.55.1] To the chief musician with skillful music, of David. [§]
Lamnatzeach bin'ginot mashkil leDavid.
'Lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician' (lam = to the, natzeach = conductor). 'Bin'ginot' means 'with stringed instruments' (b = with, n'ginot = instruments). 'Mashkil' means 'skillful' or 'skillfully arranged'. 'leDavid' means 'of David' or 'for David' (le = for/of, David = the name David).
[PSA.55.2] Listen, the Gods, my prayer, and do not be haughty concerning my plea. [§]
ha'azina Elohim tefillati ve'al tit'alem mit'chanati.
'ha'azina' means 'listen' (imperative), 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal plural form of the name for God), 'tefillati' means 'my prayer', 've'al' means 'and not', 'tit'alem' means 'be haughty' or 'be lofty', 'mit'chanati' means 'from my pleading' or 'concerning my plea'.
[PSA.55.3] Listen to me and answer me; I will humble myself in my words and be sorrowful. [§]
Hakshivah li vaaneini arid besichi veahima.
'Hakshivah' means 'listen' (imperative), 'li' means 'to me', 'vaaneini' means 'and answer me', 'arid' means 'I will go down' or 'I will humble myself', 'besichi' means 'in my speech' or 'in my words', 'veahima' means 'and I will be sorrowful' or 'afflicted'.
[PSA.55.4] From the voice of an enemy, because of the harshness of the wicked, they have set a snare upon me, and in anger they oppress me. [§]
Mi-qol o-yev mip-nei a-qat ra-sha ki ya-mi-tu a-lai a-ven u-ve-af yi-ste-mu-ni.
'Mi-qol' means 'from the voice', 'o-yev' means 'of an enemy', 'mip-nei' means 'because of' or 'in the presence of', 'a-qat' means 'bitter' or 'harsh', 'ra-sha' means 'wicked', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ya-mi-tu' means 'they have set' or 'they lay down', 'a-lai' means 'upon me', 'a-ven' means 'evil' or 'malice', 'u-ve-af' means 'and in anger', 'yi-ste-mu-ni' means 'they persecute me' or 'they oppress me'.
[PSA.55.5] My heart was terrified within me, and the threats of death fell upon me. [§]
Libi yachil bekirbi ve'eiMot mavet naf'lu alai.
'Libi' means 'my heart', 'yachil' means 'will be terrified' (here rendered as past tense 'was terrified'), 'bekirbi' means 'within me', 've'eiMot' means 'and the threats', 'mavet' means 'of death', 'naf'lu' means 'fell', 'alai' means 'upon me'.
[PSA.55.6] Fear and trembling will come into me, and deliverance will cover me. [§]
Yirah va ra'ad yavo bi vatekasseni palatzut.
"Yirah" means "fear", "va" means "and", "ra'ad" means "trembling", "yavo" means "he will come", "bi" means "into me", "vatekasseni" means "and will cover me", "palatzut" means "deliverance" or "salvation".
[PSA.55.7] I said, "Who will give me a dove?" I would fly like a dove and dwell. [§]
Vaomar mi yiten li ever ka yona a'ufah veeshkohnah.
'Vaomar' means 'and I said', 'mi' means 'who', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'li' means 'to me', 'ever' means 'a dove', 'ka yona' means 'like a dove', 'a'ufah' means 'I will fly', 'veeshkohnah' means 'and I will lodge' or 'and I will dwell'.
[PSA.55.8] Behold, I will go far and wander in the desert, Selah. [§]
Hinneh archik nedod alin bamidbar sela.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'archik' is the first‑person singular future form of the verb meaning 'to go far', so it means 'I will go far', 'nedod' is a verb meaning 'to wander' or 'to roam', rendered here as 'I will wander', 'alin' is a proper name or a poetic term retained as 'Alin', 'bamidbar' means 'in the desert', and 'sela' is a liturgical musical direction meaning 'pause' or 'interlude'.
[PSA.55.9] I will wait for deliverance, for me from the wind, a journey from the storm. [§]
Achisha miflat li meruach so'ah misaar.
'Achisha' is a first‑person verb meaning 'I will wait' or 'I will be silent/hold fast'. 'Miflat' is a noun from the root plt meaning 'rescue' or 'deliverance'. 'Li' means 'to me' or 'for me'. 'Meruach' is the noun 'ruach' ('wind, breath, spirit') prefixed with the preposition 'me' meaning 'from'. 'So'ah' is a noun from the root s‑ʿ‑h meaning 'journey' or 'travel'. 'Misaar' is the noun 'sa'ar' ('storm') with the preposition 'mi' meaning 'from'.
[PSA.55.10] In the place, my Lord confuses their tongue, because I saw violence and discord in the city. [§]
Bal Adonai pallag leshonam ki ra'iti chamas ve riv ba'ir.
'Bal' is a locative particle meaning 'in the' or 'at the', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'pallag' means 'confuses' or 'distorts', 'leshonam' means 'their tongue', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'ra'iti' means 'I saw', 'chamas' means 'violence', 've' means 'and', 'riv' means 'discord', 'ba'ir' means 'in the city'.
[PSA.55.11] Day and night it surrounds its walls, and iniquity and toil are in its midst. [§]
yomam va-layla yesovevuha al-chomoteiha ve'aven ve'amal beqirbah.
'yomam' means 'day', 'va-layla' means 'and night', 'yesovevuha' means 'it surrounds' (literally 'it goes around it'), 'al-chomoteiha' means 'upon its walls', 've'aven' means 'and iniquity', 've'amal' means 'and toil', 'beqirbah' means 'in its midst' or 'within its interior'.
[PSA.55.12] The sign is in its midst, and none will remain from its breadth within deceit. [§]
Havot beqirbah velo yamish merchovah toch umirmah.
'Havot' means 'the sign' (the word אוֹת with the definite article). 'beqirbah' means 'in its middle' or 'within its center'. 'velo' means 'and not'. 'yamish' is a verb meaning 'will remain' or 'will stay'. 'merchovah' means 'from its breadth' (from its wide area). 'toch' means 'inside' or 'within'. 'umirmah' means 'and deceit' (the noun מִרְמָה).
[PSA.55.13] Because not an enemy will scorch me, and I will not be hateful toward me; he will increase, and I will hide from him. [§]
ki lo-oyev yecharfeni ve'esa lo-meshani alai higidil ve'esater mimehno.
'Ki' means 'because', 'lo-oyev' means 'not an enemy', 'yecharfeni' means 'will scorch me', 've'esa' means 'and I will lift', 'lo-meshani' means 'not hating me', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'higidil' means 'he will enlarge or increase', 've'esater' means 'and I will hide', 'mimehno' means 'from him'.
[PSA.55.14] And you, human, as my worth, my champion, and my known. [§]
ve'atah enosh ke'erchi alufi u-meyudai.
've'atah' means 'and you', 'enosh' means 'human' or 'person', 'ke'erchi' means 'as my worth' (from erekh meaning value or price), 'alufi' means 'my champion' or 'my chief' (from aluf meaning champion or chief), 'u-meyudai' means 'and my known' or 'and I am known' (from meyudah meaning known).
[PSA.55.15] Which together we sweeten the secret in the house of the Gods we walk in a dream. [§]
asher yachdav namtik sod bebeit Elohim nehalech beragesh.
'asher' means 'which' or 'that', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'namtik' means 'we sweeten' or 'we will sweeten', 'sod' means 'secret' or 'mystery', 'bebeit' means 'in the house of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'nehalech' means 'we walk' or 'we will walk', 'beragesh' means 'in a dream'.
[PSA.55.16] He will cause death upon them; they will go down to Sheol, [the] life, because evils are in their confinement within them. [§]
Yashimmavet aleimo yerdhu sheol chayyim ki-raot bimguram bekirbam.
'Yashimmavet' means 'will cause death', 'aleimo' means 'upon them', 'yerdhu' means 'they will go down', 'sheol' means 'the realm of the dead', 'chayyim' means 'life', 'ki' means 'because', 'raot' means 'evils', 'bimguram' means 'in their confinement', 'bekirbam' means 'within them'.
[PSA.55.17] I call to God, and Yahveh will save me. [§]
Ani el Elohim ekra vYahveh yoshieini.
'Ani' means 'I', 'el' means 'to God' (the word el itself means 'God'), 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', together the phrase 'el Elohim' functions as the prepositional idiom 'to God', 'ekra' means 'I call', 'vYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'yoshieini' means 'will save me'.
[PSA.55.18] Evening and morning and noon I will speak and I will be silent, and He heard my voice. [§]
erev vavoker ve-tzaharayim ashicha ve-eheme vayishma koli.
'erev' means 'evening', 'vavoker' means 'and morning', 've-tzaharayim' means 'and noon', 'ashicha' means 'I will speak', 've-eheme' means 'and I will be silent', 'vayishma' means 'and (He) heard', 'koli' means 'my voice'.
[PSA.55.19] Rescue my soul in peace from the battle against me, for many were with me. [§]
Pada b'shalom nafshi mikrav-li ki be'ravim hayu imadi.
'Pada' means 'redeem' or 'rescue' (imperative), 'b'shalom' means 'in peace', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'mikrav-li' means 'from the battle against me' (mikrav = battle, li = to/against me), 'ki' means 'for', 'be'ravim' means 'among the many' or 'by many', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'imadi' means 'with me'.
[PSA.55.20] May God hear and answer them, and He dwells in the east, pause, that has no substitutes for them, and they do not fear the Gods. [§]
Yishma El ve-ya'aneym ve-yoshev kedem sela asher ein chalifot lammo ve-lo yareu Elohim.
'Yishma' means 'may hear', 'El' means 'God', 've-ya'aneym' means 'and answer them', 've-yoshev' means 'and dwells', 'kedem' means 'in the east' or 'ancient', 'sela' is a musical or liturgical pause, 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'chalifot' means 'alternatives' or 'substitutes', 'lammo' means 'for them', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yareu' means 'they fear', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'.
[PSA.55.21] He sent his hand in his peace, violating his covenant. [§]
Shalach yadav bishlomav chil'el berito.
'Shalach' means 'sent', 'yadav' means 'his hand', 'bishlomav' means 'in his peace', 'chil'el' means 'defiled' or 'violated', 'berito' means 'his covenant'.
[PSA.55.22] They divided the delicacies of his mouth and drew his heart near, they softened his words from oil and they are openings. [§]
Chalku machma'ot piyo u'k'rav libbo rakku d'varav mishmen v'hema petichot.
'Chalku' means 'they divided', 'machma'ot' means 'delicacies' or 'pleasant foods', 'piyo' means 'his mouth', 'u'k'rav' means 'and draw close', 'libbo' means 'his heart', 'rakku' means 'soften' or 'make pliant', 'd'varav' means 'his words', 'mishmen' means 'from oil', 'v'hema' means 'and they', 'petichot' means 'openings' or 'doorways'.
[PSA.55.23] Cast upon Yahveh; he will give you, and he will uphold you; he will not give forever a shaking to the righteous. [§]
Hashlek al Yahveh yehavkha vehu yekalklekha lo yiten leolam mot latzaddik.
'Hashlek' means 'cast' (imperative), 'al' means 'upon', 'Yahveh' is the name of God (YHVH), 'yehavkha' means 'he will give you', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'yekalklekha' means 'he will uphold you' (root k-l-l, sense of support), 'lo' means 'not', 'yiten' means 'he will give', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'mot' means 'shaking' or 'instability', 'latzaddik' means 'to the righteous'.
[PSA.55.24] And you, the Gods, will bring them to the pit of cruelty; men of blood and deceit shall not cut short their days, and I will trust in you. [§]
Ve'atta Elohim toridem liv'er shachat anshei damim u-mirma lo yechetsu yemeihem va'ani evtach bach.
'Ve'atta' means 'and you', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'toridem' means 'you will bring down', 'liv'er' means 'to the pit', 'shachat' means 'cruelty', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'damim' means 'blood', 'u-mirma' means 'and deceit', 'lo' means 'not', 'yechetsu' means 'they will cut', 'yemeihem' means 'their days', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'evtach' means 'will trust', 'bach' means 'in you'.
PSA.56
[PSA.56.1] To the chief musician: concerning the mute dove that is far away, to David, written, when the Philistines seized him at Gat. [§]
Lamenatzeach al-yonet alem rechokim leDavid mikhtam be'echoz oto Philistim be-Gat.
'Lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'al-yonet' means 'about the dove', 'alem' means 'mute' or 'silent', 'rechokim' means 'far away' or 'distant', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'mikhtam' means 'written', 'be'echoz' means 'when (the) taking hold', 'oto' means 'him', 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'be-Gat' means 'in Gat'.
[PSA.56.2] Show mercy to me, O the Gods, for a man has oppressed me; all day long war will press me. [§]
Chanenni Elohim ki sha'afni enosh kol hayoim lohem yilchatzeni.
'Chanenni' means 'show mercy to me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ki' means 'for', 'sha'afni' means 'has oppressed me', 'enosh' means 'a man', 'kol' means 'all', 'hayoim' means 'the day', 'lohem' means 'war' or 'battle', 'yilchatzeni' means 'will press me' or 'will oppress me'.
[PSA.56.3] My oppressors have been harassing me all day, for many warriors are against me in the heights. [§]
Sha'afu shor'rai kol-hayom ki rabbim lochamim li marom.
'Sha'afu' means 'they have been harassing' or 'they have been oppressing'; 'shor'rai' means 'my oppressors' or 'my captors'; 'kol-hayom' means 'all day'; 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'; 'rabbim' means 'many'; 'lochamim' means 'fighters' or 'warriors'; 'li' means 'against me' (lit. 'to me'); 'marom' means 'the heights' or 'high places'.
[PSA.56.4] On the day I fear, I will trust in you. [§]
Yom ira ani elekha evtach.
'Yom' means 'day', 'ira' means 'I will fear', 'ani' means 'I', 'elekha' means 'to you' (addressing a male), 'evtach' means 'I will trust'.
[PSA.56.5] In the Gods I will praise his word, in the Gods I trusted, I will not fear what flesh will do to me. [§]
beElohim ahalel devaro beElohim batakhti lo ira ma yaaseh basar li.
'beElohim' means 'in the Gods', 'ahalel' means 'I will praise', 'devaro' means 'his word', 'beElohim' means 'in the Gods' again, 'batakhti' means 'I trusted', 'lo' means 'not', 'ira' means 'I will fear', 'ma' means 'what', 'yaaseh' means 'will do', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'li' means 'to me'.
[PSA.56.6] All day my words will be a source of distress against me; all their thoughts are for evil. [§]
Kol-hayom devarai ye'atzvu alai kol machshvotam la-ra.
'Kol' means 'all', 'ha-yom' means 'the day', 'devarai' means 'my words', 'ye'atzvu' means 'they will trouble' or 'they will cause distress', 'alai' means 'against me', 'kol' means 'all', 'machshvotam' means 'their thoughts' or 'their schemes', 'la-ra' means 'for evil' or 'to do evil'.
[PSA.56.7] They will become strong, they will watch; they, my followers, will keep as my soul hoped. [§]
Yaguru yitzponu Hemmah Akevi yishmeru Kaasher Kivu Nafshi.
'Yaguru' means 'they will become strong', 'Yitzponu' means 'they will watch', 'Hemmah' means 'they', 'Akevi' means 'my followers', 'Yishmeru' means 'they will keep/guard', 'Kaasher' means 'as', 'Kivu' means 'they hoped/expected', 'Nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[PSA.56.8] Upon iniquity, rescue for him; in the anger of the peoples the Gods bring down. [§]
Al avon palet-lammo be'af amim hored Elohim.
'Al' means 'upon', 'avon' means 'iniquity' or 'guilt', 'palet' means 'deliverance' or 'rescue', 'lammo' means 'for him', 'be'af' means 'in anger', 'amim' means 'peoples', 'hored' means 'brings down' or 'sends down', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[PSA.56.9] My wandering, you have counted; you place my tear in your wandering— is it not in your record? [§]
Nodi safarta atah sima dim'ati bno'adekha halo b'sifratekha.
'Nodi' means 'my wanderer' or 'my wandering' (from the root nod, to wander). 'Safarta' means 'you have counted' (verb from safar, to count, with a second‑person singular ending). 'Atah' means 'you' (masculine singular). 'Sima' is the feminine singular imperative of the verb 'to put' or 'to place'. 'Dim'ati' means 'my tear' (dim'a = tear, with first‑person singular possessive). 'Bno'adekha' is 'in your wandering' (b‑ = in, no'ad = wandering, -kha = your). 'Halo' is a rhetorical particle meaning 'is not' or 'doesn't'. 'B'sifratekha' means 'in your counting' or 'in your record' (b‑ = in, sifrat = counting, -kha = your).
[PSA.56.10] Then my enemies will return later on the day I call this; I have known that God is mine. [§]
Az yashuvu oyvai achor be yom ekra ze yadati ki Elohim li.
'Az' means 'then', 'yashuvu' means 'will return' or 'will turn back', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'achor' means 'later' or 'again', 'be' is the preposition 'in' or 'on', 'yom' means 'day', 'ekra' means 'I will call', 'ze' means 'this', 'yadati' means 'I have known' or 'I know', 'ki' means 'that', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'.
[PSA.56.11] In God I will praise the thing, in Yahveh I will praise the thing. [§]
Be Elohim ahallel davar Ba Yahveh ahallel davar.
'Be' means 'in', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'ahallel' means 'I will praise', 'davar' means 'thing' or 'word', 'Ba' means 'in', 'Yahveh' means the personal name of God (YHVH). The phrase repeats the same structure with two different divine names.
[PSA.56.12] In the Gods I trusted, I will not be afraid; what can man do to me. [§]
BeElohim batakhti lo ira ma-ya'aseh adam li.
'BeElohim' means 'in the Gods', 'batakhti' means 'I trusted', 'lo' means 'not', 'ira' means 'I will fear' (or 'I am afraid'), 'ma-ya'aseh' means 'what will do', 'adam' means 'man', 'li' means 'to me'.
[PSA.56.13] Upon me God, your vow I will pay, thanks to you. [§]
Alai Elohim nedarekha ash alem todot lakh.
'Alai' means 'upon me', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'nedarekha' means 'your vow', 'ash alem' (ashalem) means 'I will pay' or 'I will fulfill', 'todot' means 'thanks', 'lakh' means 'to you' (feminine).
[PSA.56.14] For you saved my soul from death; is it not that my feet are in the dust to walk before the Gods in the light of life. [§]
Ki hitzalta nafshi mimavet halo raglai midechi lehithalech lifnei elohim beor hachayyim.
'Ki' means 'for', 'hitzalta' means 'you saved', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'mimavet' means 'from death', 'halo' means 'is not' or 'is it not', 'raglai' means 'my feet', 'midechi' means 'in the dust', 'lehithalech' means 'to walk', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'beor' means 'in the light', 'hachayyim' means 'of life'.
PSA.57
[PSA.57.1] Do not destroy the writing of David when he fled before Saul in the cave. [§]
lamnatzeach al-tashchet leDavid miktam bevarcho mipenei-shaul bamaarah.
'lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'al-tashchet' means 'do not destroy', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'miktam' is a musical term often rendered 'writing' or 'song', 'bevarcho' means 'in his flight', 'mipenei-shaul' means 'before Saul', 'bamaarah' means 'in the cave'.
[PSA.57.2] Have mercy on me, the Gods; have mercy on me, for in you is my soul's refuge, and in the shadow of your wings I will take shelter until the storm passes. [§]
Chanenni Elohim chanenni ki becha chasayah nafshi uve tzel k'nafekha echseh ad ya'avor havot.
'Chanenni' means 'have mercy on me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', the second 'chanenni' repeats 'have mercy on me', 'ki' means 'for', 'becha' means 'in you', 'chasayah' means 'my refuge', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'uve tzel' means 'and in the shadow', 'k'nafekha' means 'of your wings', 'echseh' means 'I will take shelter', 'ad' means 'until', 'ya'avor' means 'it passes', 'havot' means 'the storm'.
[PSA.57.3] I will call to the Gods Most High, to the God who reigns over me. [§]
Ekra leElohim Elyon laEl gomer alai.
'Ekra' means 'I will call', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (Elohim is translated as "the Gods"), 'Elyon' means 'Most High', 'laEl' means 'to the God' (El is translated as "God"), 'gomer' means 'who reigns' or 'who is exalted', 'alai' means 'over me' or 'upon me'.
[PSA.57.4] He will send from the heavens and will save me, the derider of my contempt, selah, He will send the Gods his mercy and his truth. [§]
Yishlach mi-shamayim ve-yoshieini cherif shoafi selah yishlach elohim chasdo va-amito.
'Yishlach' means 'he will send', 'mi-shamayim' means 'from the heavens', 've-yoshieini' means 'and will save me', 'cherif' means 'one who scoffs' or 'derider', 'shoafi' means 'my contempt' or 'my scorn', 'selah' is a liturgical pause, the second 'yishlach' repeats 'he will send', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'chasdo' means 'his mercy', and 'va-amito' means 'and his truth'.
[PSA.57.5] My soul, within the midst, I will lie down to strike the sons of man; their teeth are a spear and daggers, and their tongue is a sharp sword. [§]
nafshi betoch levam eshkeva lohatim b'nei adam shineihem chanit vechitsim uleshonam chereb chadda.
'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'betoch' means 'within', 'levam' means 'the inner part' or 'midst', 'eshkeva' means 'I will lie down', 'lohatim' means 'to strike' or 'to kill', 'b'nei adam' means 'sons of man' (human beings), 'shineihem' means 'their teeth', 'chanit' means 'a spear', 'vechitsim' means 'and daggers', 'uleshonam' means 'and their tongue', 'chereb' means 'a sword', 'chadda' means 'sharp'.
[PSA.57.6] Exalt over the heavens the Gods, over all the earth your glory. [§]
rumah al-hashamayim Elohim al kol haaretz k'vodkha.
'rumah' means 'exalt' (imperative), 'al' means 'over', 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'k'vodkha' means 'your glory'.
[PSA.57.7] Evil we have prepared for my times; I turned my soul; they turned before me; speech fell within it; Selah. [§]
Reshet hechinhu lip'ami kapaf nafshi karu lefanai sicha naf'lu betokhah selah.
'Reshet' means 'wickedness' or 'evil'; 'hechinhu' means 'we have prepared'; 'lip'ami' means 'for my times' (lit. 'to my occasions'); 'kapaf' means 'turned' or 'folded'; 'nafshi' means 'my soul'; 'karu' means 'they turned' or 'they bowed'; 'lefanai' means 'before me' or 'in my presence'; 'sicha' means 'speech' or 'conversation'; 'naf'lu' means 'they fell' or 'they dropped'; 'betokhah' means 'within it' or 'inside it'; 'selah' is a liturgical mark often kept untranslated.
[PSA.57.8] Steadfast my heart, the Gods, steadfast my heart, I will sing and I will make music. [§]
Nachon libi Elohim nachon libi ashira vaazmera.
'Nachon' means 'steadfast' or 'sure', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'ashira' means 'I will sing', and 'vaazmera' means 'and I will make music' or 'and I will praise'.
[PSA.57.9] Awake, my glory! Awake the harp and the lyre; I will awaken the dawn. [§]
Ura Kevodi Ura ha-nevel ve-kinor a'ira shachar.
'Ura' means 'Awake', 'Kevodi' means 'my glory', 'ha-nevel' means 'the harp', 've-kinor' means 'and the lyre', 'a'ira' means 'I will awaken', 'shachar' means 'dawn'.
[PSA.57.10] I will thank you among the peoples, my Lord; I will sing praises to you among the nations. [§]
odkha ba'amim Adonai azamerkha bal-ummim.
'odkha' means 'I will thank you', 'ba'amim' means 'among the peoples', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'azamerkha' means 'I will sing praises to you', 'bal-ummim' means 'among the nations'.
[PSA.57.11] For your lovingkindness is great to the heavens, and your truth to the clouds. [§]
Ki-gadol ad-shamayim chasdecha ve-ad-shechakim amitecha.
'Ki' means 'for', 'gadol' means 'great', 'ad' means 'to' or 'as far as', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'chasdecha' means 'your lovingkindness', 've' means 'and', 'ad' again means 'to', 'shechakim' means 'clouds', 'amitecha' means 'your truth'.
[PSA.57.12] Exalt the Gods over the heavens, over all the earth your glory. [§]
Ruma al-shamayim Elohim al kol-haaretz kevo-dekha.
'Ruma' means 'rise up' or 'exalt', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the divine name), 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'kebod' means 'glory', 'kha' is the second‑person masculine singular suffix meaning 'your'.
PSA.58
[PSA.58.1] To the chief musician: do not destroy; a michtam of David. [§]
lamnatsach al-tashchet leDavid michtam.
'lamnatsach' means 'to the chief musician' (a heading for the Psalm), 'al' means 'do not', 'tashchet' means 'you shall corrupt or destroy', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (indicating authorship), 'michtam' is a term for a type of Psalm, often left untranslated.
[PSA.58.2] Truly, the silent righteous shall speak; the upright shall judge the sons of man. [§]
Ha'umnam elem tzedek tedabberun meisharim tishpetu b'nei adam.
'Ha'umnam' means 'truly' or 'surely', 'elem' means 'silent', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness' or 'the righteous', 'tedabberun' means 'you (plural) will speak' or 'you shall speak', 'meisharim' means 'the upright' or 'the righteous ones', 'tishpetu' means 'you will judge' or 'you shall judge', 'b'nei' means 'sons of' or 'children of', 'adam' means 'man' or 'human'.
[PSA.58.3] Also in the heart they rise to act in the earth, oppression your hands will crush. [§]
Af belev olot tif'alun baaretz chamas yedeichem tepalessun.
'Af' means 'also' or 'indeed', 'belev' means 'in the heart', 'olot' means 'they rise' or 'they go up', 'tif'alun' means 'you will act' or 'you will cause to happen', 'baaretz' means 'in the earth', 'chamas' means 'oppression' or 'cruelty', 'yedeichem' means 'your hands', 'tepalessun' means 'you will crush' or 'you will strike'.
[PSA.58.4] Turn, wicked ones, from compassion; they will go astray from the womb, those who speak lies. [§]
Zoru reshaim merachem ta'u mibeit dovrei kazav.
'Zoru' means 'turn (imperative plural)', 'reshaim' means 'wicked ones', 'merachem' means 'from compassion', 'ta'u' means 'they will go astray', 'mibeit' means 'from the womb', 'dovrei' means 'those who speak', 'kazav' means 'a lie'.
[PSA.58.5] Their anger is like the anger of a snake, like a deaf serpent that will shut its ear. [§]
chamat-lamo kidmut chamat-nachash kemo-peten cheresh yaatem ozno.
'chamat' means 'anger', 'lamo' means 'to them' (hence 'their anger'), 'kidmut' means 'like' or 'as the likeness of', 'nachash' means 'snake', so 'chamat-nachash' is 'the anger of a snake', 'kemo' means 'like', 'peten' means 'serpent', thus 'kemo-peten' is 'like a serpent', 'cheresh' means 'deaf', 'yaatem' is a verb meaning 'will block' or 'will shut', and 'ozno' means 'his ear'.
[PSA.58.6] Who will not hear the voice of whisperers, joining companions in confusion. [§]
asher lo yishma leqol melachashim chober chaverim mechukkam.
'asher' means 'who' or 'that which'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'yishma' means 'will hear'; 'leqol' means 'to the voice' or 'the voice of'; 'melachashim' means 'whisperers' (those who speak softly or mutter); 'chober' (from the root ch-b-r) means 'joins' or 'is joined with'; 'chaverim' means 'companions' or 'friends'; 'mechukkam' (from the root ch-k-m) means 'confused' or 'bewildered'.
[PSA.58.7] The Gods have broken his teeth in his mouth, the crushing of the fierce young, Yahveh shatters. [§]
Elohim haras shinemo befimo malt'ot kefirim netoz Yahveh.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods'; 'haras' means 'has broken' or 'breaks'; 'shinemo' means 'his teeth'; 'befimo' means 'in his mouth'; 'malt'ot' (literally 'the crushing' or 'the crushing ones'); 'kefirim' means 'young ones' or 'the fierce (young animals)'; 'netoz' means 'breaks' or 'shatters'; 'Yahveh' is the proper name YHWH rendered as Yahveh.
[PSA.58.8] They will become like water, they will go toward them, he will stretch his half as they become weary. [§]
Yimmassu kemo-mayim yithalku-lamo yidrokh chitsa' kemo yitmolalu.
'Yimmassu' means 'they will become' or 'they will be', 'kemo' means 'like', 'mayim' means 'water', 'yithalku' means 'they will walk/go', 'lamo' means 'to them', 'yidrokh' means 'he will stretch', 'chitsa'' means 'his half', 'kemo' again means 'as/like', 'yitmolalu' means 'they will become weary or exhaust themselves'.
[PSA.58.9] Like a shattered heat, he will go; a fallen woman will not see the sun. [§]
kemo shavlul temes yahaloch nepel eshet bal-chazu shemesh.
'kemo' means 'like' or 'as'; 'shavlul' is an unusual form, probably from shaval meaning 'to be broken' or 'ruined'; 'temes' means 'heat' or 'blazing'; 'yahaloch' is the future third‑person verb 'he will go' or 'he will walk'; 'nepel' likely derives from naphal meaning 'to fall' or 'fallen'; 'eshet' means 'woman'; 'bal‑chazu' combines the negation 'bal' (no) with the verb 'chazu' (they will see), giving 'they will not see'; 'shemesh' means 'sun'.
[PSA.58.10] Before they understood your vessels, the strong one, like life, like a furnace, he will bind them. [§]
beterem yavinu siroteichem atad kemo-chai kemo-charon yis'arenu.
"beterem" means "before"; "yavinu" means "they understood"; "siroteichem" is the plural form of "sir" meaning "your vessels" or "your jars"; "atad" is a rare word meaning "strong" or "sturdy"; "kemo-chai" means "like life"; "kemo-charon" means "like a furnace"; "yis'arenu" is a verb meaning "he will bind them" (the suffix -nu indicates a plural object).
[PSA.58.11] The righteous will rejoice because he has seen vengeance; he will wash his vengeance in the blood of the wicked. [§]
Yismach tzaddik ki chaza nakam pe'amav yirchatz be-dam ha-rasha.
'Yismach' means 'will rejoice', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous one', 'ki' means 'because', 'chaza' means 'has seen', 'nakam' means 'revenge' or 'vengeance', 'pe'amav' means 'his vengeance', 'yirchatz' means 'will wash (himself)', 'be-dam' means 'in the blood', 'ha-rasha' means 'the wicked'.
[PSA.58.12] And man says, only the fruit for the righteous; only there is the Gods judging in the earth. [§]
Ve yomar Adam ach-p'ri latzadik ach yesh Elohim shoftim baaretz.
'Ve' means 'and', 'yomar' means 'says', 'Adam' means 'man', 'ach' means 'only' or 'just', 'p'ri' means 'fruit' or 'produce', 'la' means 'for the', 'tzadik' means 'righteous one', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural of God), 'shofim' means 'judges', 'ba' means 'in', 'aretz' means 'the earth'.
PSA.59
[PSA.59.1] To the chief musician: do not destroy the Miktam of David when Saul sent [it], and they guarded the house for his death. [§]
Lamnatzeach al-tashchet leDavid Miktam bishloach Shaul vayyishmeru et-habait lahamito.
'Lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'al-tashchet' means 'do not destroy', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'Miktam' is a musical term used in psalm headings, 'bishloach' means 'when sending' or 'in the sending', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'vayyishmeru' means 'and they kept' or 'and they guarded', 'et-habait' means 'the house', 'lahamito' means 'for his death' or 'to cause his death'.
[PSA.59.2] Save me from my enemies, my God, from those who rise up against me protect me. [§]
hatzileni meoyvai Elohai mimitekomei tesagveini.
'hatzileni' means 'save me', 'meoyvai' means 'from my enemies', 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'mimitekomei' means 'from those who rise up against me', 'tesagveini' means 'protect me' or 'strengthen me'.
[PSA.59.3] Save me from the works of iniquity and from men of blood, save me. [§]
HaTsi-lei-ni mi-po-a-lei aven u-me-an-shei da-mim ho-shi-e-ni.
'HaTsi-lei-ni' means 'save me'; 'mi' means 'from'; 'po-a-lei' means 'the works of'; 'aven' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity'; 'u' means 'and'; 'me' means 'from'; 'an-shei' means 'men of'; 'da-mim' means 'blood'; 'ho-shi-e-ni' means 'save me' again.
[PSA.59.4] For indeed, they have set a snare for my soul; mighty men have trapped me. It is not my iniquity, nor my sin, Yahveh. [§]
Ki hineh arvu lenafshi yaguru alai azim lo-pishe'i ve-lo chattati Yahveh.
'Ki' means 'for'; 'hineh' means 'behold' or 'indeed'; 'arvu' means 'they have set' (from the root meaning to set a trap); 'lenafshi' means 'for my soul'; 'yaguru' means 'they have trapped' (from the root meaning to capture); 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'against me'; 'azim' means 'strong ones' or 'mighty men'; 'lo-pishe'i' means 'not my iniquity'; 've-lo chattati' means 'and not my sin'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[PSA.59.5] Without sin they will run and they will bow; arise for my presence and see. [§]
Beli avon yerutsun ve yichonanu urah likrati ureh.
'Beli' means 'without', 'avon' means 'sin', together 'beli avon' = 'without sin'. 'Yerutsun' is the verb 'they will run'. 'Ve' is the conjunction 'and'. 'Yichonanu' is the verb 'they will bow' or 'they will be humbled'. 'Urah' means 'arise' or 'awake'. 'Liqrati' is 'to my presence' or 'for my calling'. 'Ureh' means 'and see'.
[PSA.59.6] And you, Yahveh the Gods, hosts, the God's Israel, arise to punish all the nations; do not show mercy to all betrayers of wickedness, selah. [§]
veatta Yahveh Elohim Tzevaot Elohei Yisrael hakitza lefikod kol hagoyim al tachon kol bogdei aven selah
'veatta' means 'and you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts', 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim and therefore means 'the God's', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hakitza' means 'arise', 'lefikod' means 'to punish', 'kol' means 'all', 'hagoyim' means 'the nations', 'al' means 'do not', 'tachon' means 'show mercy', 'bogdei' means 'betrayers', 'aven' means 'wickedness', and 'selah' is a liturgical notation left untranslated.
[PSA.59.7] They will return in the evening, they will be like a dog, and they will bring ruin upon the city. [§]
Yashuvu la'erev yehmu kakkaleb viysovevu ir.
'Yashuvu' means 'they will return', 'la'erev' means 'in the evening', 'yehmu' means 'they will be stunned or shaken', 'kakkaleb' means 'like a dog', 'viysovevu' means 'and they will turn around or cause to turn', 'ir' means 'city'. The phrase 'like a dog' is an idiom for behaving in a low, contemptible manner, and 'turning a city' is understood as causing its downfall or devastation.
[PSA.59.8] Behold, they will speak with swords in their mouths, on their lips; for who will hear. [§]
Hinneh yabbiyun b'fihem charavot b'siphtoteihem ki mi shomea.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'yabbiyun' means 'they will speak' or 'they will utter', 'b'fihem' means 'in their mouths', 'charavot' means 'swords', 'b'siphtoteihem' means 'on their lips', 'ki' means 'for', 'mi' means 'who', 'shomea' means 'hears' or 'will hear'.
[PSA.59.9] And you, Yahveh, will laugh at them; you will mock all the nations. [§]
veatah Yahveh tishach-lamo til'ag lekol goyim.
'veatah' means 'and you', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHWH, 'tishach' means 'will laugh', 'lamo' means 'at them', 'til'ag' means 'will mock', 'lekol' means 'to all', 'goyim' means 'nations'.
[PSA.59.10] His strength to you I will keep, for the Gods are my stronghold. [§]
Uzo elekha eshmorah ki Elohim misgabbi.
'Uzo' means 'his strength', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'eshmorah' means 'I will keep' or 'I will guard', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (used here for the singular God), 'misgabbi' means 'my stronghold' or 'my refuge'.
[PSA.59.11] The Gods of his mercy will bring me forward; the Gods will show me in my rebellion. [§]
Elohei chasdi yekadmeni Elohim yare'eni veshor'rai.
'Elohei' means 'the Gods of' (construct form of Elohim). 'chasdi' means 'his mercy' (the word חַסְדִּוּ denotes loyalty/mercy belonging to him). 'yekadmeni' means 'will bring me forward' or 'will set me before' (verb קדם in imperfect third person masculine singular). 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural noun). 'yare'eni' means 'will show me' (verb ראה in imperfect third person masculine singular with object pronoun). 'veshor'rai' means 'in my rebellion' or 'among my transgressions' (the noun שֹׁרְרָי, plural construct indicating acts of rebellion).
[PSA.59.12] Do not kill them, lest they forget my people; move them with your host and bring them down, our shield, my Lord. [§]
Al-tahargeim fen-yishkechu ami hani'eimo becheilcha vehorideimu maginenu Adonai.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tahargeim' means 'kill them', 'fen' means 'lest', 'yishkechu' means 'they forget', 'ami' means 'my people', 'hani'eimo' means 'move/stir them', 'becheilcha' means 'with your host/army', 'vehorideimu' means 'and bring them down', 'maginenu' means 'our shield', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord'.
[PSA.59.13] The sin of their mouth, the word of their lips, and they will be captured in their pride and in falsehood and from a lie they will tell. [§]
Chatat-pimo devar-shpateimo ve-yilkadu bigeonam u-me'alah u-mikhachash y'sapperu.
'Chatat' means 'sin', 'pimo' means 'their mouth', 'devar' means 'word', 'shpateimo' means 'their lips', 've-yilkadu' means 'and they will be captured/ensnared', 'bigeonam' means 'in their pride', 'u-me'alah' means 'and in falsehood', 'u-mikhachash' means 'and from a lie', 'y'sapperu' means 'they will tell' or 'they will relate'.
[PSA.59.14] Finish with anger, finish, and they are not, and they will know that the Gods rule over Jacob to the ends of the earth. Selah. [§]
kalleh bechemah kalleh ve'einemo veyedu ki Elohim moshel bYa'akov le'apsai haaretz selah.
'kalleh' means 'finish' (imperative), 'bechemah' means 'with anger', the second 'kalleh' repeats 'finish', 've'einemo' means 'and they are not', 'veyedu' means 'and they will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'moshel' means 'rules' or 'governs', 'bYa'akov' means 'over Jacob', 'le'apsai' means 'to the ends/extremities of', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'selah' is a liturgical term left untranslated.
[PSA.59.15] And they will return to the evening; they will be like a dog and they will bring (it) to a city. [§]
ve-yashuvu la'arev yehemu kakaleb vi-sovvu ir.
've' means 'and', 'yashuvu' means 'they will return', 'la'arev' means 'to the evening', 'yehemu' means 'they will be frightened or confused', 'kakaleb' means 'like a dog', 'vi' means 'and', 'sovvu' means 'they will bring or cause to go', 'ir' means 'city'.
[PSA.59.16] They will turn to eat if they do not become satisfied, and they fled. [§]
hemmah yeniuon leekhol im lo yisbeu vayalinu.
'hemmah' means 'they', 'yeniuon' means 'will turn' or 'will be turned away', 'leekhol' means 'to eat', 'im lo' means 'if not', 'yisbeu' means 'they will be satisfied' or 'they will become full', 'vayalinu' means 'and they went away' or 'and they fled'.
[PSA.59.17] And I will sing your strength and I will proclaim your lovingkindness in the morning, because you have been a stronghold to me and a refuge in the day of distress to me. [§]
va'ani ashir uzecha va'arnen laboker chasdecha ki hayita misgav li uamanos beyom tzar li.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'ashir' means 'will sing', 'uzecha' means 'your strength', 'va'arnen' means 'and I will proclaim', 'laboker' means 'in the morning', 'chasdecha' means 'your lovingkindness', 'ki' means 'because', 'hayita' means 'you have been', 'misgav' means 'a stronghold', 'li' means 'to me', 'uamanos' means 'and a refuge', 'beyom' means 'in the day', 'tzar li' means 'of distress to me'.
[PSA.59.18] My strength, I will sing to you, for the Gods are my refuge, the Gods of my mercy. [§]
Uzi elekha azamerah ki elohim misgabi elohai chasdi.
'Uzi' means 'my strength'; 'elekha' means 'to you'; 'azamerah' means 'I will sing'; 'ki' means 'for' or 'because'; 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal translation of the divine name Elohim); 'misgabi' means 'my refuge' (from a root meaning a high place or shelter); 'elohai' is the construct form of Elohim and thus means 'the Gods of'; 'chasdi' means 'my mercy' or 'my steadfast love'.
PSA.60
[PSA.60.1] To the chief musician on Shushan, a testimony composition of David for teaching. [§]
Lamnatzeach al-Shushan eduth mikhtam leDavid lelammed.
'Lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'Shushan' is a proper name meaning 'lily' or a place, 'eduth' means 'testimony', 'mikhtam' means 'composition' or 'recorded work', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'lelammed' means 'for teaching' or 'to instruct'.
[PSA.60.2] When he sent Aram of the two rivers and Aram of Tzova, Joab turned back and struck Edom in the Valley of Salt, twelve thousand. [§]
be hatzoto et Aram Naharayim ve-et Aram Tzova vayashav Yoav vayach et Edom be-gee melach shenayim asar alaf.
'be hatzoto' means 'when he sent', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Aram' is a proper name, 'Naharayim' means 'two rivers', 've-et' means 'and', another 'Aram' is a second place, 'Tzova' is a place name, 'vayashav' means 'and returned', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'vayach' means 'and struck', another 'et' marks the object, 'Edom' is a nation, 'be-gee melach' means 'in the valley of salt', 'shenayim' means 'two', 'asar' means 'ten', together 'shenayim asar' means 'twelve', and 'alaf' means 'thousand'.
[PSA.60.3] The Gods have forsaken us, you have broken us, you have breathed, you will return to us. [§]
Elohim zanachtanu paratzanu anapta teshovev lanu.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'zanachtanu' means 'you have forsaken us', 'paratzanu' means 'you have broken us', 'anapta' means 'you have breathed' (or 'you have exhaled, a sign of revoking life)', 'teshovev' means 'you will return' or 'you will turn back', 'lanu' means 'to us'.
[PSA.60.4] Yahveh has shaken the earth, Yahveh has split it; its softness, its broken pieces, for it has been humbled. [§]
hir'ash'ta erets p'tzamtah refah shevreyha ki-matah.
'hir'ash'ta' means 'you have shaken' (the verb רָעַשׁ in the 2nd masculine singular perfect, understood as referring to Yahveh). 'erets' means 'the earth'. 'p'tzamtah' is the verb פָּצַם in the 2nd masculine singular perfect with a direct object suffix, so it means 'you have broken it' or 'you have split it'. 'refah' comes from רָפֶה, meaning 'soft, weak, humbled'. 'shevreyha' is the noun שֶׁבֶר with a feminine singular absolute suffix, meaning 'its fragments' or 'its broken pieces'. 'ki' is the conjunction 'because' or 'for'. 'matah' is from מָטָה, meaning 'has become low' or 'has been humbled'. The implied subject of the verbs is the God of Israel, so the translation renders the implied 'you' as the literal name 'Yahveh' according to the provided mapping.
[PSA.60.5] You have shown your people to be hard; you gave us bitter wine. [§]
hir'ita ammekha qashah hishekita yayin tare'ela.
'hir'ita' means 'you have shown' (verb, second person masculine singular). 'ammekha' means 'your people' (noun, masculine plural with second person singular possessive suffix). 'qashah' means 'hard' or 'severe' (adjective, feminine singular agreeing with an implied noun). 'hishekita' means 'you gave drink to' (verb, second person singular) and the suffix '-nu' means 'us', so together it is 'you gave us drink'. 'yayin' means 'wine'. 'tare'ela' means 'bitter' or 'bitter wine' (noun, feminine).
[PSA.60.6] You gave a sign to those who fear you to flee from the arrow. [§]
Natata li-yirekha nes le-hintoneses mipnei koshet sela.
'Natata' means 'you gave', 'li-yirekha' means 'to those who fear you', 'nes' means 'a sign' or 'signal', 'le-hintoneses' means 'to escape' or 'to flee', 'mipnei' means 'from before' or 'against', 'koshet' means 'arrow', 'sela' is a liturgical musical term often left untranslated.
[PSA.60.7] For the purpose that your beloved may be rescued, save with your right hand and answer us. [§]
Lema'an yechalatzun yedidecha hoshia yemincha va'aneinu.
'Lema'an' means 'for the purpose of', 'yechalatzun' means 'they may be rescued', 'yedidecha' means 'your beloved' (friend), 'hoshia' is the imperative verb 'save', 'yemincha' means 'your right hand', and 'va'aneinu' means 'and answer us'.
[PSA.60.8] The Gods spoke in his holiness I will rejoice I will divide the morning and the valley of booths I will endure. [§]
Elohim diber b'kadosho e'lozah achalka shekhem ve'emek sukkot amated.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'b'kadosho' means 'in his holiness', 'e'lozah' (from the root alaz) means 'I will rejoice', 'achalka' (from the root chalak) means 'I will divide', 'shekhem' is uncertain but likely means 'your' or 'the morning', 've'emek' means 'and the valley', 'sukkot' means 'booths' or 'huts', 'amated' (from the root matad) means 'I will endure' or 'I will be steadfast'.
[PSA.60.9] To me is Gilad, and to me is Manasseh, and Ephraim is the stronghold of my head; Judah is my portion. [§]
Li Gilad ve li Menashe ve Efrayim maoz roshi Yehudah mechokki.
'Li' means 'to me' or 'my', 'Gilad' is a tribal name, 've' means 'and', the second 'li' repeats 'to me', 'Menashe' is a tribal name, another 've' means 'and', 'Efrayim' is a tribal name, 'maoz' means 'stronghold' or 'fortress', 'roshi' means 'of my head' (i.e., 'my chief' or 'my chief support'), 'Yehudah' is a tribal name, 'mechokki' means 'my portion' or 'my allotment'.
[PSA.60.10] Moab, my washing bowl, I will cast my sandal upon Edom; upon me Philistia is in turmoil. [§]
Moab sir rachtsi al-Edom ashlich naali alai Peleshet hitrorayi.
'Moab' is the name of the region east of the Jordan; 'sir' means 'bowl' or 'vessel'; 'rachtsi' means 'my washing' or 'my bath'; 'al' means 'upon' and 'Edom' is the nation of Edom; 'ashlich' means 'I will cast' or 'I will throw'; 'naali' means 'my sandal'; 'alai' means 'upon me'; 'Peleshet' is the name for Philistia; 'hitrorayi' is a verb meaning 'I will be shaken' or 'I will be in turmoil'.
[PSA.60.11] Who will bring me to a city of refuge? Who will lead me to Edom? [§]
Mi yovileini ir matzor mi nachani ad Edom.
'Mi' means 'who', 'yovileini' means 'will bring me' (from the verb 'yovel' to bring), 'ir' means 'city', 'matzor' means 'refuge' or 'fortress', the second 'Mi' again means 'who', 'nachani' means 'will lead me' (from the verb 'nachan' to lead or guide), 'ad' means 'to' or 'toward', and 'Edom' is the proper name of the region/people Edom.
[PSA.60.12] Is it not you the Gods have forsaken us, and will not go out the Gods in our armies? [§]
Halo-atta Elohim zanachta nu ve-lo tetsa Elohim be tzevaotenu.
'Halo' means 'is it not', 'atta' means 'you', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'zanachta' means 'have forsaken', 'nu' means 'us', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'tetsa' means 'will go out', 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 'be' means 'in', 'tzevaotenu' means 'our armies'.
[PSA.60.13] Give us help in distress, and the salvation of man is in vain. [§]
Havah lanu ezrat mitzar ve-shav teshuat adam.
'Havah' means 'give' or 'grant', 'lanu' means 'to us', forming the phrase 'Give to us'. 'Ezrat' means 'help' or 'assistance'. 'Mitzar' means 'distress' or 'trouble'. 'Ve-shav' combines the conjunction 've' ('and') with 'shav' meaning 'vanity', 'emptiness', or 'falsehood'. 'Teshuat' means 'salvation' or 'deliverance'. 'Adam' means 'man' or 'human being'. The verse therefore petitions for aid in trouble and declares that human salvation is futile.
[PSA.60.14] By the Gods we will make might, and he will crush our enemies. [§]
be'elohim na'aseh chayil ve'hu yavus tzarenu.
'be' means 'by', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'na'aseh' means 'we will do or make', 'chayil' means 'strength or might', 've' means 'and', 'hu' means 'he or it', 'yavus' means 'will bring to ruin or crush', 'tzarenu' means 'our oppressors or enemies'.
PSA.61
[PSA.61.1] To the chief musician, upon the music of David. [§]
Lamenatseach al neginat leDavid.
'Lamenatseach' means 'to the chief musician' or 'for the choirmaster', 'al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'neginat' means 'the music' or 'melody', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (David's).
[PSA.61.2] Listen, God, my song; give ear to my prayer. [§]
Shimeah Elohim rinati hakshiva tefillati.
'Shimeah' means 'listen' (imperative), 'Elohim' means 'God', 'rinati' means 'my song', 'hakshiva' means 'listen to / give ear', 'tefillati' means 'my prayer'.
[PSA.61.3] From the ends of the earth I will call to you; when my heart trembles, by the exalted strength within me, lead me. [§]
Mik'tze ha'aretz eleikha eqra ba'atoff libi betzur-yerum mimeni tanheni.
"Mik'tze" means "from the edge" or "from the farthest part". "ha'aretz" means "the earth". "eleikha" is the second‑person singular prepositional form of "you", used here in address to God. "eqra" means "I will call". "ba'atoff" is from the root "ataph" meaning "to tremble" or "to be shaken", rendered here as "when (my heart) trembles". "libi" means "my heart". "betzur-yerum" combines "betzur" ("by the rock/strength") and "yerum" ("high" or "exalted"), thus "by the exalted strength (of the rock)". "mimeni" means "from me" or "within me". "tanheni" is the imperative form of "lead" directed to the addressee, so "lead me". The verse is a plea to God, asking for guidance when the speaker feels trembling and distant.
[PSA.61.4] Because you were my shelter, a tower of strength before the enemy. [§]
Ki hayita machseh li migdal oz mipenei oyev.
'Ki' means 'because', 'hayita' means 'you were', 'machseh' means 'a shelter', 'li' means 'to me', 'migdal' means 'a tower', 'oz' means 'strength', 'mipenei' means 'in front of', 'oyev' means 'enemy'.
[PSA.61.5] I will shelter in your tent forever; I will hide in secret under your wings, rock. [§]
Agurah beahalecha olamim echesheh bseter knafecha sela.
'Agurah' means 'I will shelter', 'beahalecha' means 'in your tent', 'olamim' means 'forever', 'echesheh' means 'I will hide', 'bseter' means 'in secret', 'knafecha' means 'under your wings', 'sela' means 'rock' (a place of safety).
[PSA.61.6] For you the Gods have heard my vow; you gave the inheritance of those who fear your name. [§]
Ki atah Elohim shama'ta lindarai natata yerushat yirei shmecha.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'atah' means 'you', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal plural form for God), 'shama'ta' means 'you have heard', 'lindarai' means 'to my vow' (the object of hearing), 'natata' means 'you gave', 'yerushat' means 'inheritance', 'yirei' means 'those who fear', and 'shmecha' means 'your name'.
[PSA.61.7] Days over the days of the king shall increase his years like generation after generation. [§]
Yamim al yemei melekh tosif shenotav kemo dor vador.
'Yamim' means 'days', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'yemei' means 'the days of', 'melek' means 'king', 'tosif' means 'will add' or 'will increase', 'shenotav' means 'his years', 'kemo' means 'like', 'dor' means 'generation', 'vador' means 'and generation' (implying successive generations).
[PSA.61.8] He will dwell forever before the Gods, kindness and truth, from where he will be preserved. [§]
yeshev olam lifnei Elohim chesed ve'emet man yintzeruhu.
'yeshev' means 'will sit' or 'will dwell', 'olam' means 'forever', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'chesed' means 'kindness', 've'emet' means 'and truth', 'man' means 'from where', 'yintzeruhu' means 'he will preserve him' or 'he will be preserved'.
[PSA.61.9] Thus I will sing your name forever, I will fulfill my vows day by day. [§]
Ken azammerah shimkha la'ad leshalmi nedarayi yom yom.
'Ken' means 'thus', 'azammerah' means 'I will sing', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'la'ad' means 'forever', 'leshalmi' means 'I will fulfill', 'nedarayi' means 'my vows', 'yom yom' means 'day by day'.
PSA.62
[PSA.62.1] To the chief musician, upon Jeduthun, a psalm of David. [§]
Lamenatzeach al Jeduthun mizmor leDavid.
'Lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'al' means 'upon' (indicating a tune), 'Jeduthun' is a proper name of a Levitical music director, 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David'.
[PSA.62.2] Only to the Gods my soul is silent, from them my salvation. [§]
Ach el-Elohim dumiyah nafshi mimenu yeshua-ti.
'Ach' means 'only', 'el-Elohim' means 'to the Gods' (el = to, Elohim = the Gods), 'dumiyah' means 'is silent' or 'is mute', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'mimenu' means 'from them' (men = them, prefix mi- = from), 'yeshua-ti' means 'my salvation'.
[PSA.62.3] But He is my Rock and my Salvation, my stronghold; I will not be greatly shaken. [§]
Ach hu tzuri vi'shu'ati mishgabi lo emmot rabbah.
'Ach' means 'but', 'hu' means 'he', 'tzuri' means 'my rock', 'vi'shu'ati' means 'and my salvation', 'mishgabi' means 'my stronghold', 'lo' means 'not', 'emmot' means 'I will be shaken', 'rabbah' means 'greatly'.
[PSA.62.4] Until when will you be perplexed about a man? All of you will kill him like a leaning wall, a detestable fence. [§]
ad-ana tehotu al ish teratzechu kulkhem ke'kir natu'i gader hadchuyah.
'ad-ana' means 'until when', 'tehotu' means 'you will be perplexed' or 'you will wonder', 'al' means 'about', 'ish' means 'a man', 'teratzechu' means 'you will kill', 'kulkhem' means 'all of you', 'ke'kir' means 'like a wall', 'natu'i' means 'leaning' or 'tilted', 'gader' means 'fence', 'hadchuyah' means 'detestable' or 'repulsive'.
[PSA.62.5] Only his burden they decided to cast away; they will gladly speak a lie from his mouth, they will bless, and in their hearts they will curse—Selah. [§]
Ach mis'sae-to ya'atsu lehadich yirtzu kadzav be'fi'o yivarechu u'vekirbam yekalelu selah.
'Ach' means 'only' or 'but', 'mis'sae-to' means 'his burden', 'ya'atsu' means 'they have decided', 'lehadich' means 'to cast away' or 'to drive off', 'yirtzu' means 'they will please' or 'they will desire', 'kadzav' means 'a lie', 'be'fi'o' means 'in his mouth', 'yivarechu' means 'they will bless', 'u'vekirbam' means 'and in their hearts', 'yekalelu' means 'they will curse', 'selah' is a musical/ liturgical pause.
[PSA.62.6] Only to the Gods is my soul like, because my hope is from them. [§]
Ach leElohim domi nafshi ki-mimmennu tikvati.
'Ach' means 'only', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (Elohim translated as the Gods), 'domi' means 'like' or 'similar', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'mimmennu' means 'from them' (referring to the Gods), 'tikvati' means 'my hope'.
[PSA.62.7] Only He is my rock and my salvation, my stronghold; I will not be shaken. [§]
Ach-hu tzuri v'shuati misgabi lo emmot.
'Ach' means 'only', 'hu' means 'he', 'tzuri' means 'my rock', 'v'shuati' means 'and my salvation', 'misgabi' means 'my stronghold', 'lo' means 'not', 'emmot' means 'I will be shaken or moved'.
[PSA.62.8] Upon the Gods my salvation and my glory, the rock of my strength, my refuge in the Gods. [§]
Al Elohim yishe'i ukhvodi tzur-uzzi machsi beElohim.
'Al' means 'upon', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yishe'i' means 'my salvation', 'ukhvodi' means 'and my glory', 'tzur-uzzi' means 'rock of my strength', 'machsi' means 'my refuge', 'beElohim' means 'in the Gods'.
[PSA.62.9] Trust in him at all times, O people, pour out your hearts before him; the Gods are our refuge. Selah. [§]
Bitchu bo bechol et am shifchu lefanav levavchem Elohim machaseh lanu Selah.
'Bitchu' means 'trust', 'bo' means 'in him', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'et' means 'time', 'am' means 'people', 'shifchu' means 'pour out', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'levavchem' means 'your hearts', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'machaseh' means 'refuge', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'Selah' is a liturgical term indicating a pause.
[PSA.62.10] Only vanity, the sons of man are falsehood; the sons of a man are on balances to ascend, they are together from vanity. [§]
Ach hevel b'nei adam kazav b'nei ish b'moznaim la'alot hem mehevel yachad.
'Ach' means 'only' or 'just'; 'hevel' means 'vanity' or 'meaningless thing'; 'b'nei' means 'sons of' or 'descendants of'; 'adam' means 'man' (human); 'kazav' means 'lie' or 'falsehood'; 'ish' means 'a man'; 'b'moznaim' means 'in balances' or 'on scales'; 'la'alot' means 'to go up' or 'to ascend'; 'hem' means 'they'; 'mehevel' means 'from vanity'; 'yachad' means 'together'.
[PSA.62.11] Do not trust in greed or theft; do not waste strength, for it will be spent; do not set your heart (upon it). [§]
Al-tivtechu be'osek uve'gazel al-tehavu chayil ki-yanuv al-tashitu lev.
"Al" means "do not", "tivtechu" means "you (plural) trust", "be'osek" means "in greed", "uve'gazel" means "and in theft", "al" means "do not", "tehavu" means "you (plural) waste" (from the idea of vanity), "chayil" means "strength", "ki" means "for" or "because", "yanuv" means "it will be spent" or "it will be wasted", "al" means "do not", "tashitu" means "you (plural) set" or "place", "lev" means "heart".
[PSA.62.12] One spoke the Gods, I have heard these two, because strength is to the Gods. [§]
Achat diber elohim shtaim-zo shamati ki oz le'elohim.
'Achat' means 'one', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'shtaim-zo' means 'these two', 'shamati' means 'I have heard', 'ki' means 'because', 'oz' means 'strength', 'le'elohim' means 'to the Gods' or 'for the Gods'.
[PSA.62.13] And to you, my Lord, kindness, because you will reward a man according to his deed. [§]
Ulecha Adonai chesed ki atah teshalem leish kemaasehu.
'Ulecha' means 'and to you', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'chesed' means 'kindness', 'ki' means 'because', 'atah' means 'you', 'teshalem' means 'you will reward', 'leish' means 'to a man', 'kemaasehu' means 'according to his deed'.
PSA.63
[PSA.63.1] A psalm of David when he was in the wilderness of Judah. [§]
Mizmor leDavid biheyoto b'midbar Yehudah.
'Mizmor' means 'song' or 'psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'biheyoto' means 'when he was' (literally 'in his being'), 'b'midbar' means 'in the desert' or 'in the wilderness', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', the region or tribe.
[PSA.63.2] the Gods my God you I will make you thirsty for you my soul is like you my flesh in a dry land and thirsty without water. [§]
Elohim Eli attah ashachareka tsomeh leka nafshi kamah leka besari beeretz tziyah veayef beli mayim.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural). 'Eli' means 'my God' (El with first‑person suffix). 'Attah' means 'you'. 'Ashachareka' means 'I will make you drunk' or 'I will cause you to be intoxicated'. 'Tsomeh' means 'thirsty' (verb). 'Leka' means 'for you'. 'Nafshi' means 'my soul'. 'Kamah' means 'like' or 'as'. 'Leka' again means 'for you'. 'Besari' means 'my flesh'. 'Beeretz tziyah' means 'in a dry land' (dry country). 'Veayef' means 'and thirsty'. 'Beli mayim' means 'without water'.
[PSA.63.3] Thus in the holy I have seen you, to behold your strength and your glory. [§]
Ken baqodesh chaziticha lir'ot uzzekha vechevodekha.
'Ken' means 'thus', 'baqodesh' means 'in the holy', 'chaziticha' means 'I have seen you', 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 'uzzekha' means 'your strength', 'vechevodekha' means 'and your glory'.
[PSA.63.4] For your lovingkindness is better than life; my lips will praise you. [§]
ki tov chasdeka me chayim sefatai yeshab'khu-nkha.
'ki' means 'for', 'tov' means 'good', 'chasdeka' means 'your lovingkindness', 'me' means 'than', 'chayim' means 'life', 'sefatai' means 'my lips', 'yeshab'khu-nkha' means 'will praise you'.
[PSA.63.5] Thus I will bless Yahveh in my life, in Yahveh's name I will lift up my hand. [§]
Ken avarekhkha bechayai be-shimkha esah kappai.
'Ken' means 'thus' or 'indeed'. 'avarekhkha' is the verb 'I will bless' with the suffix '-kha' meaning 'you' (addressed to God). 'bechayai' means 'in my life' (be- 'in' + chayai 'my life'). 'be-shimkha' means 'in your name' (shimkha 'your name'). The divine name implied here is YHVH, which we translate literally as 'Yahveh', so the phrase becomes 'in Yahveh's name'. 'esah' means 'I will lift up'. 'kappai' means 'my hand' (kappah 'hand' + -ai 'my').
[PSA.63.6] Like flesh and butter my soul will be satisfied, and the lips of rejoicing will sing from my mouth. [§]
kemo chelev vadashen tishba nafshi ve siftei renanot yahallel pi.
'kemo' means 'like' or 'as', 'chelev' means 'flesh', 'vadashen' is a construct form meaning 'and butter', 'tishba' means 'will satisfy' (from the verb shava), 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 've' means 'and', 'siftei' means 'the lips of', 'renanot' means 'rejoicing' or 'songs of joy', 'yahallel' means 'will sing' (from the root halal), 'pi' means 'my mouth'.
[PSA.63.7] If I remember you concerning my desire in the watches I will bring it to you. [§]
Im zacharticha al yetzuai beashmorot ehge bach.
'Im' means 'if'; 'zacharticha' means 'I remember you' (from the verb 'zachar' to remember, with second person masculine singular object); 'al' means 'concerning' or 'about'; 'yetzuai' means 'my desire' (from 'yetzua' desire, with first person singular possessive suffix); 'beashmorot' means 'in the watches' or 'in the guard posts' (from 'ashmor' to watch, plural); 'ehge' means 'I will bring' or 'I will cause' (from the verb 'hagga' to bring forward); 'bach' means 'in you' or 'to you' (preposition 'b' with second person masculine singular suffix).
[PSA.63.8] Because you were my help for me, and in the shadow of your wings I will sing. [§]
Ki hayita ezratah li uvetzel knapecha arannen.
'Ki' means 'because', 'hayita' means 'you were', 'ezratah' means 'help' (with a construct meaning 'my help'), 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'uvezel' means 'and in the shadow', 'knapecha' means 'your wings', 'arannen' means 'I will sing' or 'I will shout with joy'.
[PSA.63.9] My soul clings to you; your right hand sustains me. [§]
Dabkah nafshi acharecha bi tamkha yemincha.
'Dabkah' means 'has clung' or 'is attached', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'acharecha' means 'after you' or 'to you', 'bi' means 'in me' or functions as a particle introducing the next clause, 'tamkha' means 'supports' (feminine singular perfect), 'yemincha' means 'your right hand'. The phrase expresses the soul's attachment to the Divine and the sustaining power of God's right hand.
[PSA.63.10] And they, the deaf, will seek my soul; they will come into the depths of the earth. [§]
vehemmah leshoah yevakshu nafshi yavo'u betachtiyot haaretz.
'vehemmah' means 'and they', 'leshoah' means 'to the deaf' (literally 'for the deaf'), 'yevakhshu' means 'they will seek', 'nafshi' means 'my soul' or 'myself', 'yavo\'u' means 'they will come', 'betachtiyot' means 'into the depths' or 'underworlds', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.63.11] They will cast him by the sword; they will be the share of foxes. [§]
Yaggiruhu al-ydei-charev menat shualim yihyu.
'Yaggiruhu' means 'they will cast him', 'al' means 'by' or 'upon', 'ydei' means 'the hand of', 'charev' means 'sword', 'menat' means 'share' or 'portion', 'shualim' means 'foxes', and 'yihyu' means 'they will be'.
[PSA.63.12] And the king will rejoice in the Gods, will glory, all the sworn in him, for the mouth of those who speak falsehood will be silenced. [§]
veha-melekh yismach beElohim yithallel kol-hanishba bo ki yissaker pi dovrei shaker.
'veha-melekh' means 'and the king', 'yismach' means 'will rejoice', 'beElohim' means 'in the Gods' (Elohim = the Gods), 'yithallel' means 'will glory' or 'will boast', 'kol-hanishba' means 'all the sworn' (those who have taken an oath), 'bo' means 'in him', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'yissaker' means 'will be silenced' or 'will be put to shame', 'pi' means 'the mouth of', 'dovrei' means 'those who speak', 'shaker' means 'falsehood' or 'lies'.
PSA.64
[PSA.64.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatshech mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatshech' means 'to the chief musician', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (belonging to David).
[PSA.64.2] Hear, the Gods, my voice in my speech; from the fear of the enemy, tighten my life. [§]
Shema Elohim koli be sichi mi pachad oyev tizzor chayyai.
'Shema' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'koli' means 'my voice', 'be sichi' means 'in my speech', 'mi pachad' means 'from the fear', 'oyev' means 'enemy', 'tizzor' means 'tighten' or 'strengthen', 'chayyai' means 'my life'.
[PSA.64.3] Hide me from the plot of evildoers, from the snare of the workers of wickedness. [§]
tastireni misod mere'im merigshat po'alei aven
'tastireni' means 'you will hide me', 'misod' means 'from the plot', 'mere'im' means 'of evildoers', 'merigshat' means 'from the snare', 'po'alei' means 'of the workers of', 'aven' means 'wickedness'.
[PSA.64.4] Who have sharpened their tongue like a sword, cutting it in half, a bitter thing. [§]
Asher shanneu kacherev leshonam darku hittsam davar mar.
'Asher' means 'who' or 'that'. 'Shanneu' means 'they have sharpened'. 'Kacherev' means 'like a sword'. 'Leshonam' means 'their tongue'. 'Darku' means 'they cut' or 'they have sliced'. 'Hittsam' (literally 'its half' or 'in half') indicates the cutting is thorough or complete. 'Davar' means 'thing' or 'matter'. 'Mar' means 'bitter'. The phrase therefore describes people who have made their tongue as sharp as a sword, cutting it completely, resulting in a bitter matter.
[PSA.64.5] To hide in secret places completely, suddenly they become terrified and they do not fear. [§]
Li'irot ba-mistarim tam pit'om yiruhu ve'lo yira'u.
'Li'irot' means 'to hide', 'ba-mistarim' means 'in secret places', 'tam' means 'completely' or 'wholly', 'pit''om' means 'suddenly', 'yiruhu' means 'they become terrified', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yira'u' means 'they will fear' (in the negative sense, i.e., they will not fear).
[PSA.64.6] They will strengthen for themselves a bad thing; they will recount in secret traps; they said, 'Who will see for them?' [§]
yechazeku-lamo davar ra yesapru litmon mokshim amru mi yireh-lamo.
'yechazeku' means 'they will strengthen', 'lamo' means 'for them', 'davar' means 'thing' or 'matter', 'ra' means 'bad', 'yesapru' means 'they will recount' or 'they will tell', 'litmon' means 'to hide' or 'in secret', 'mokshim' means 'traps' or 'snare', 'amru' means 'they said', 'mi' means 'who', 'yireh' means 'will see', 'lamo' again means 'for them'.
[PSA.64.7] They seek burdens; be ready, lack wrapped and inner man and deep heart. [§]
yahp'shu olot tamnu chepess mechuppas ve'kerv ish ve'lev amok.
'yahp'shu' means 'they seek', 'olot' means 'burdens' or 'loads', 'tamnu' means 'be prepared' or 'be ready', 'chepess' means 'lack' or 'absence', 'mechuppas' means 'wrapped' or 'enclosed', 've'kerv' means 'and inner' or 'deep', 'ish' means 'man', 've'lev' means 'and heart', 'amok' means 'deep'.
[PSA.64.8] And He lifted the edge of the Gods suddenly; they were struck. [§]
Vayorem Elohim Chetz Pitoam hayu makkotam.
'Vayorem' means 'and He lifted/raised', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'Chetz' means 'edge' or 'sharp weapon', 'Pitoam' means 'suddenly', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'makkotam' means 'their blows' or 'they were struck'.
[PSA.64.9] And they humbled him, placing his disgrace on their tongue; they will be confounded, all who see them. [§]
Vayakshiluhu alemo leshonam yitnoddu kol roeh bam.
'Vayakshiluhu' means 'and they humbled/shamed him', 'alemo' means 'upon him' (literally 'against him'), 'leshonam' means 'to their tongue' or 'upon their tongue', 'yitnoddu' means 'they will be confounded or wander', 'kol' means 'all', 'roeh' means 'who sees', and 'bam' means 'them' or 'it'.
[PSA.64.10] All people feared, and they declared the work of the Gods and considered his work. [§]
Vayiru kol adam vayagidu poal Elohim u-ma'asehu hiskilu.
'Va' is a conjunction meaning 'and'. 'yiru' means 'they feared'. 'kol' means 'all'. 'adam' means 'human' or 'people'. 'vayagidu' means 'and they reported' or 'declared'. 'poal' means 'the work' or 'deed'. 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods' (plural). 'u' is another conjunction 'and'. 'ma'asehu' means 'his work' (the work of the one who performed it). 'hiskilu' means 'they considered' or 'they understood'.
[PSA.64.11] The righteous will rejoice in Yahveh and trust in Him, and all the upright of heart will praise Him. [§]
Yismach tzaddik baYahveh vechasa bo ve-yithallel u kol-yishrei lev.
'Yismach' means 'will rejoice', 'tzaddik' means 'the righteous one', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'vechasa' means 'and trust' or 'take refuge', 'bo' means 'in Him', 've-yithallel' means 'and they will praise', 'u' is the conjunction 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'yishrei' means 'upright' or 'straight', 'lev' means 'heart'.
PSA.65
[PSA.65.1] To the chief musician: a psalm of David, a song. [§]
Lamenatzeach mizmor leDavid shir.
'Lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'mizmor' means 'psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'shir' means 'song'.
[PSA.65.2] To you, silence, praise the Gods in Zion, and to you the vow shall be fulfilled. [§]
Lecha dumiyah tehilla Elohim be-Tzion u-lecha yeshullam-neder.
'Lecha' means 'to you', 'dumiyah' means 'silence' or 'stillness', 'tehilla' means 'praise', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'be-Tzion' means 'in Zion', 'u-lecha' means 'and to you', 'yeshullam' means 'shall be paid' or 'shall be fulfilled', 'neder' means 'vow'.
[PSA.65.3] He who hears prayer to you, all flesh shall come. [§]
Shomea tefillah adecha kol-basar yavo.
'Shomea' means 'he who hears', 'tefillah' means 'prayer', 'adecha' means 'to you' (addressed to God), 'kol' means 'all', 'basar' means 'flesh' (human beings), 'yavo' means 'will come' or 'shall come'.
[PSA.65.4] Words of sins have grown strong against me; you will atone for our iniquities. [§]
Divrei avonot gavru meni pesh'einu attah tekhap'rem.
'Divrei' means 'words of', 'avonot' means 'sins', 'gavru' means 'have grown strong' or 'are strong', 'meni' means 'from me' or 'against me', 'pesh'einu' means 'our iniquities' or 'our sins', 'attah' means 'you', 'tekhap'rem' means 'you will atone them' or 'you will make atonement for them'.
[PSA.65.5] Blessed are those who choose and draw near, that your courtyard may dwell; we will be satisfied with the goodness of your house, holy is your temple. [§]
ashrei tivchar utekarev yishkon chatserecha nishbea betuv beitecha kedosh heikhalcha
'ashrei' means 'blessed', 'tivchar' means 'you will choose', 'utekarev' means 'and draw near', 'yishkon' means 'will dwell', 'chatserecha' means 'your courtyard', 'nishbea' means 'we will be satisfied', 'betuv' means 'in the goodness', 'beitecha' means 'of your house', 'kedosh' means 'holy', 'heikhalcha' means 'your temple'.
[PSA.65.6] Marvellous in righteousness, answer us, God of our salvation, hope of all the ends of the earth and distant seas. [§]
Noraot b tzedek taaneinu Elohei Yisheinu mivtach kol katzve eretz veyam rechokim.
'Noraot' means 'awesome' or 'marvelous', 'b tzedek' means 'in righteousness', 'taaneinu' means 'answer us', 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'Yisheinu' means 'our salvation', 'mivtach' means 'hope' or 'confidence', 'kol katzve eretz' means 'all the ends of the earth', 'veyam' means 'and sea', 'rechokim' means 'distant' or 'far away'.
[PSA.65.7] Yahveh prepares the mountains with his power, he is fortified with might. [§]
Mechin harim bechoho ne'azar bigvura.
'Mechin' means 'prepares' or 'makes ready', 'harim' means 'the mountains', 'bechoho' means 'by his power' (be- = by, choho = his strength), 'ne'azar' means 'is fortified' or 'is strengthened', 'bigvura' means 'with might' (bi- = with, gvura = might). The pronoun implied by the verbs refers to the God of Israel, which is rendered literally as 'Yahveh'.
[PSA.65.8] The destroyer, storm of the seas, storm of their waves, and terror to the nations. [§]
Mashbich Sheon Yamim Sheon Galeihem Vahamon Leumim.
'Mashbich' means 'the destroyer'; 'Sheon' means 'storm' or 'tempest'; 'Yamim' means 'seas' (plural of sea); the second 'Sheon' repeats 'storm'; 'Galeihem' means 'their waves'; 'Vahamon' is the conjunction 'and' plus 'terror' or 'awe'; 'Leumim' means 'to the nations' or 'against the nations'. The phrase strings these images together as a poetic description of a powerful force.
[PSA.65.9] And they feared the dwellers at the far ends, from your hundreds, those who go out in the morning and evening, the trumpet. [§]
Vayiyeru yoshevei ketzavot me'ototekha motzei-boker va'erev tarnin.
'Vayiyeru' means 'and they feared', 'yoshevei' means 'the dwellers of', 'ketzavot' means 'the ends or extremities', 'me'ototekha' means 'from your hundreds', 'motzei-boker' means 'those who go out in the morning', 'va'erev' means 'and evening', 'tarnin' means 'trumpet' (a horn or signal instrument).
[PSA.65.10] You inspected the earth and poured it out; greatly you will enrich it, a portion the Gods full of water you will prepare their grain, for this you will prepare it. [§]
Pakadta haaretz vateshokkeha rabbat ta'ashrenah peleg elohim male mayim tachine deganam ki-ken techineha.
'Pakadta' means 'you inspected', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'vateshokkeha' means 'and you poured it out', 'rabbat' means 'greatly', 'ta'ashrenah' means 'you will enrich it', 'peleg' means 'a portion', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'male' means 'full', 'mayim' means 'water', 'tachine' means 'you will prepare', 'deganam' means 'their grain', 'ki-ken' means 'for this reason', 'techineha' means 'you will prepare it'.
[PSA.65.11] Her youths pour comfort to her troop; in the springs she will be refreshed, and her blossom will bless. [§]
telemeyha raveh nachat gedudeha birbivim temoggenah tzimchah tebarekh.
'telemeyha' means 'her youths', 'raveh' means 'pours', 'nachat' means 'comfort', 'gedudeha' means 'her troop', 'birbivim' means 'in the springs', 'temoggenah' means 'she will be refreshed', 'tzimchah' means 'her blossom', 'tebarekh' means 'will bless'.
[PSA.65.12] You have crowned the year of your goodness, and your wheels shall tremble with oil. [§]
Itarta shnat tovatecha u-ma'agalecha yir'efun dashen.
'Itarta' means 'you have crowned', 'shnat' means 'year', 'tovatecha' means 'your goodness', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'ma'agalecha' means 'your wheels' or 'your circles', 'yir'efun' means 'they shall shake' or 'they shall tremble', 'dashen' means 'oil'.
[PSA.65.13] The desert shall tremble with moans, and the hills shall be girded with joy. [§]
Yir'efu ne'ot midbar ve-gil geva'ot tachogrenah.
'Yir'efu' means 'they will tremble' (verb 3rd plural), 'ne'ot' means 'groans' or 'moans', 'midbar' means 'desert', 've-gil' means 'and joy' (conjunction 'and' plus noun 'joy'), 'geva'ot' means 'hills' (plural), 'tachogrenah' means 'will be girded' or 'will be surrounded' (verb, passive, 3rd singular feminine). The phrase expresses that the desert will shake with moaning, and the hills will be wrapped in rejoicing.
[PSA.65.14] Put on horns, O flock; and the valleys will cover the field, they will roar, also they will sing. [§]
Lavshu karim ha tson va amakiym yaatfu bar yitroau af yashiru.
'Lavshu' means 'put on' (imperative plural), 'karim' means 'horns' (plural), 'ha tson' means 'the flock', 'va' means 'and', 'amakiym' means 'valleys', 'yaatfu' means 'they will cover' or 'wrap', 'bar' means 'in a field' or 'with grass', 'yitroau' means 'they will roar' or 'they will shake', 'af' means 'also', 'yashiru' means 'they will sing'.
PSA.66
[PSA.66.1] For the chief musician, a song, a psalm: let all the earth shout to the Gods. [§]
lamenatseach shir mizmor hariiu leElohim kol-haaretz
'lamenatseach' means 'to the chief (musician)', 'shir' means 'song', 'mizmor' means 'psalm', 'hariiu' means 'let them shout' or 'they shall shout', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (Elohim translated as the Gods), 'kol-haaretz' means 'all the earth'.
[PSA.66.2] Sing the glory of Yahveh, give glory to His praise. [§]
Zammeru kevod-shmo, shimu kavod tehillato.
'Zammeru' means 'sing', 'kevod-shmo' means 'the glory of his name' (where 'shmo' refers to the divine name YHVH, rendered here as Yahveh), 'shimu' means 'give' or 'place', 'kavod' means 'glory', and 'tehillato' means 'his praise' (the praise belonging to Yahveh).
[PSA.66.3] Say to the Gods, How awesome are your works; in the abundance of your strength, your enemies will be confounded toward you. [§]
Imru leElohim ma-nora ma'aseikha be'rov uzzekha yikachasu lekha oyveikha.
'Imru' means 'Say', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods', 'ma-nora' means 'how awesome', 'ma'aseikha' means 'your works', 'be'rov' means 'in the abundance', 'uzzekha' means 'your strength', 'yikachasu' means 'they will be confounded', 'lekha' means 'against you' or 'to you', 'oyveikha' means 'your enemies'.
[PSA.66.4] All the earth will worship you and sing to you; they will sing your name, Selah. [§]
Kol haaretz yishtachavu lekha veizamru lekha yizammeru shimkha selah.
'Kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'yishtachavu' means 'will bow down' or 'will worship', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'veizamru' means 'and will sing', 'yizammeru' repeats 'they will sing', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'selah' is a liturgical term often left unchanged.
[PSA.66.5] Go and see the works of the Gods, awesome and marvelous upon the sons of man. [§]
Lechu u-reu mip'alot Elohim nora alila al-b'nei adam.
'Lechu' means 'Go', 'u-reu' means 'and see', 'mip'alot' means 'the works of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'nora' means 'awesome', 'alila' means 'marvelous', 'al' means 'upon', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'adam' means 'man'.
[PSA.66.6] He turned the sea into dry land; they will cross the river on foot; there we will rejoice in Him. [§]
hafakh yam le-yabashah ba-nahar ya'avru be-ragel sham nismachah-bo.
'hafakh' means 'he turned', 'yam' means 'sea', 'le-yabashah' means 'into dry land', 'ba-nahar' means 'in the river', 'ya'avru' means 'they will cross', 'be-ragel' means 'by foot', 'sham' means 'there', 'nismachah' means 'we will rejoice', 'bo' means 'in it' (referring to God).
[PSA.66.7] He who rules in his mighty strength sits forever; his eyes watch the nations; the scoffers will not raise up against him, Selah. [§]
Moshél big'vurato olam einav bagoyim titzpeina hasor'rim al-yarimu l'amo sela.
'Moshél' means 'He who rules', 'big'vurato' means 'in his mighty strength', 'olam' means 'forever', 'einav' means 'his eyes', 'bagoyim' means 'in the nations', 'titzpeina' means 'watch/observe', 'hasor'rim' means 'the scoffers', 'al-yarimu' means 'will not raise up', 'l'amo' means 'against him', 'sela' is a musical or liturgical term often left untranslated.
[PSA.66.8] Bless, O nations, our Gods, and let the voice of his praise be heard. [§]
Barchu amim Eloheinu vehashmiyu kol tehilato.
'Barchu' means 'Bless', 'amim' means 'nations', 'Eloheinu' means 'our Gods' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods'), 'vehashmiyu' means 'and make (them) hear', 'kol' means 'voice', 'tehilato' means 'of his praise'.
[PSA.66.9] He who places our souls among the living and does not let our feet be moved. [§]
hashaam nafshenu bachayim velo-natan lamot ragleinu.
'hashaam' means 'the One who places', 'nafshenu' means 'our soul(s)', 'bachayim' means 'in the living' or 'among the living', 'velo' means 'and not', 'natan' means 'he gave' or 'he set', 'lamot' means 'to move', 'ragleinu' means 'our feet'.
[PSA.66.10] Because you have shown favor to us, the Gods, you have refined us as a refiner of silver. [§]
Ki bechantanu Elohim tzeraptanu kitsraf kasef
'Ki' means 'because' or 'for'. 'bechantanu' is the verb form meaning 'you have shown favor to us' (root chanan, to be gracious). 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural). 'tzeraptanu' means 'you have refined us' (root tzaraf, to refine, purify). 'kitsraf' means 'as a refiner' and 'kasef' means 'silver', together forming the idiom 'as a refiner of silver'.
[PSA.66.11] You brought us into the trap; you placed a pit in our loins. [§]
habeitanu bametzudah samta muakah bumateneinu.
'habeitanu' means 'you brought us'; 'bametzudah' means 'into the trap' or 'into the snare'; 'samta' means 'you placed' or 'you set'; 'muakah' means 'a pit' or 'a trap'; 'bumateneinu' means 'in our loins' or 'in our innermost parts'.
[PSA.66.12] You set a man upon our heads; we entered fire and waters, and you brought us out to the pasture. [§]
hirka'vet enosh le-roshenu banu-ba'esh u-vamayim vato'tzi'enu larvaiyah.
'hirka'vet' means 'you cause to ride' or 'you set up', 'enosh' means 'a person' or 'man', 'le-roshenu' means 'upon our heads', 'banu-ba'esh' means 'we came in fire' (literally 'we entered fire'), 'u-vamayim' means 'and in waters', 'vato'tzi'enu' means 'and you bring out us' or 'you lead us out', 'larvaiyah' means 'to the pasture' or 'to the open land'. The sentence describes a divine agent (implied) setting a person upon the speakers' heads, leading them through fire and water, and then bringing them out to a place of safety.
[PSA.66.13] I will come into your house in peace; I will pay you my vow. [§]
Avo o beitecha be'ulot ashallam lekha nedarai.
'Avo' means 'I will come', 'beitecha' means 'to your house', 'be'ulot' means 'in peace/wholeness', 'ashallam' means 'I will pay', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'nedarai' means 'my vow'.
[PSA.66.14] Who have shattered my lips and spoken my mouth in my distress. [§]
asher patsu sefatay ve diber pi batzar li.
'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'patsu' means 'have broken' or 'shattered', 'sefatay' means 'my lips', 've' means 'and', 'diber' means 'has spoken', 'pi' means 'my mouth', 'batzar' means 'in distress' or 'in trouble', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'.
[PSA.66.15] I will bring up from the living, I will go up to you with incense, I will offer oxen, I will do cattle with young rams, pause. [§]
Olot mekhim a'aleh lekha im ketoret elim e'aseh vakar im atutim selah.
'Olot' means 'I will bring up' or 'I will raise', 'mekhim' means 'from the living' (literally 'from the life'), 'a'aleh' means 'I will ascend', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'im' means 'with', 'ketoret' means 'the incense', 'elim' means 'oxen' (young bulls), 'e'aseh' means 'I will do' or 'I will make', 'vakar' means 'cattle', 'im' again means 'with', 'atudim' means 'young rams', 'selah' is a musical or liturgical pause with no direct translation.
[PSA.66.16] Come, listen, and I will recount all who fear the Gods, who have acted for my soul. [§]
Lechu shimu vaasphra kol yirei Elohim asher asah lenafshi.
'Lechu' means 'Come', 'shimu' means 'listen', 'vaasphra' means 'and I will recount', 'kol' means 'all', 'yirei' means 'those who fear', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'asher' means 'who', 'asah' means 'made' or 'did', 'lenafshi' means 'for my soul'.
[PSA.66.17] To God I called with my mouth, and I will raise it under my tongue. [§]
Elav Pi Karati veRomam Tachat Leshoni.
'Elav' means 'to God' (El = God + -av = to him), 'Pi' means 'my mouth', 'Karati' means 'I called', 'veRomam' means 'and I will raise', 'Tachat' means 'under' or 'beneath', 'Leshoni' means 'my tongue'.
[PSA.66.18] Evil, if I have seen in my heart, the Lord will not hear. [§]
Aven im raaiti beli bi lo yishma Adonai.
'Aven' means 'evil', 'im' means 'if', 'raaiti' means 'I have seen', 'beli' means 'in my heart', 'lo' means 'not', 'yishma' means 'will hear', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord'.
[PSA.66.19] Indeed, the Gods heard; listen to the voice of my prayer. [§]
Achen shama Elohim hiqshiv bekol tefilati.
"Achen" means "indeed" or "truly"; "shama" means "heard"; "Elohim" is rendered as "the Gods" (the plural name for God); "hiqshiv" is an imperative meaning "listen" or "pay attention"; "bekol" means "in the voice" or "to the voice"; "tefilati" means "my prayer" (with the first‑person singular possessive suffix).
[PSA.66.20] Blessed are the Gods who have not removed my prayer and his kindness from me. [§]
Baruch Elohim asher lo heres tefillati ve chasdo meiti.
'Baruch' means 'Blessed', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'lo' means 'not', 'heres' (from the root h-s-r) means 'remove' or 'take away', 'tefillati' means 'my prayer', 've' means 'and', 'chasdo' means 'his kindness' (from chesed), 'meiti' means 'from me' (with the preposition 'me' meaning 'from' and the pronoun 'i' meaning 'me').
PSA.67
[PSA.67.1] To the chief musician with stringed instruments, a psalm, a song. [§]
La menatseach bin'ginot mizmor shir.
'La' means 'to the', 'menatseach' means 'chief musician' or 'director of music', 'bin'ginot' means 'with stringed instruments', 'mizmor' means 'psalm', 'shir' means 'song'.
[PSA.67.2] the Gods shall be gracious to us and bless us, his face shall shine with us, Selah. [§]
Elohim yechanenu vi-barchenu ya'er panav itanu Selah.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yechanenu' means 'shall be gracious to us', 'vi-barchenu' means 'and shall bless us', 'ya'er' means 'shall shine', 'panav' means 'his face', 'itanu' means 'with us', 'Selah' is a liturgical term.
[PSA.67.3] To know your ways in the earth, and among all nations your salvation. [§]
Ladaat baaretz darchekha b'chol goyim yeshuatekha.
'Ladaat' means 'to know', 'baaretz' means 'in the earth', 'darchekha' means 'your ways', 'b'chol' means 'among all', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'yeshuatekha' means 'your salvation'.
[PSA.67.4] They will thank you, nations, the Gods; they will thank you, all nations. [§]
Yodukha amim Elohim yodukha amim kulam.
'Yodukha' means 'they will thank you', 'amim' means 'nations' or 'peoples', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'kulam' means 'all of them' or 'all'.
[PSA.67.5] Let the nations rejoice and be glad, for He will judge the peoples uprightly and will guide the nations in the earth, Selah. [§]
Yism'chu vi-yerannu le'umim ki tishpot amim mishor u-le'umim ba'aretz tanchem selah.
"Yism'chu" means "they will rejoice", "vi-yerannu" means "and they will be glad", "le'umim" means "to the nations", "ki" means "because" or "for", "tishpot" means "He will judge", "amim" means "the peoples", "mishor" means "uprightly" or "justly", "u-le'umim" means "and to the nations", "ba'aretz" means "in the earth", "tanchem" means "He will guide" or "lead", "selah" is a musical/ liturgical term left untranslated but retained as "Selah".
[PSA.67.6] They will thank you, nations, the Gods; they will thank you, all nations. [§]
Yodukha amim Elohim yodukha amim kulam.
'Yodukha' means 'they will thank you', 'amim' means 'nations' or 'peoples', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'kulam' means 'all of them' or 'all'.
[PSA.67.7] The land has given its harvest; bless us the Gods, our Gods. [§]
Eretz natnah yevulah yevarkenu Elohim Eloheinu.
'Eretz' means 'land', 'natnah' means 'has given', 'yevulah' means 'its harvest', 'yevarkenu' means 'bless us', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'Eloheinu' means 'our Gods'.
[PSA.67.8] May the Gods bless us and may all the ends of the earth fear Him. [§]
Yevarchenu Elohim veyiru oto kol afsei aretz.
'Yevarchenu' means 'May [He] bless us', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'veyiru' means 'and [they] fear', 'oto' means 'him', 'kol' means 'all', 'afsei' means 'ends of', 'aretz' means 'earth'.
PSA.68
[PSA.68.1] To the chief musician, to David, a psalm, a song. [§]
Lamenatzeach leDavid mizmor shir.
'Lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'mizmor' means 'a psalm', 'shir' means 'a song'.
[PSA.68.2] The Gods shall arise, his enemies shall be scattered, and his haters shall flee from his presence. [§]
Yaqum Elohim yafutsu oyevav ve-yanusu mesaneav mipanav.
'Yaqum' means 'he shall arise', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yafutsu' means 'they shall be scattered', 'oyevav' means 'his enemies', 've-yanusu' means 'and they shall flee', 'mesaneav' means 'his haters', 'mipanav' means 'from his presence'.
[PSA.68.3] As if blown smoke is blown, as if dust is scattered before fire, the wicked will be destroyed before the Gods. [§]
kehindof ashān tindof kehimmes donag mipnei-esh yovdu reshaim mipnei Elohim.
'kehindof' means 'as if being blown'; 'ashan' means 'smoke'; 'tindof' means 'it will be blown'; 'kehimmes' means 'as if being scattered'; 'donag' means 'dust' or 'ash'; 'mipnei-esh' means 'before fire'; 'yovdu' means 'they will be destroyed'; 'reshaim' means 'the wicked'; 'mipnei' means 'before'; 'Elohim' is the Hebrew word for God, translated literally as 'the Gods'.
[PSA.68.4] And the righteous will rejoice, they will shout before the Gods and they will be glad in joy. [§]
Veh-tsa-dee-keem yees-meh-koo ya-al-tsoo leef-neh eh-loh-heem veh-yah-sees-oo beh-seem-chah.
'Veh' means 'and', 'tsaddikim' means 'the righteous', 'yism'chu' means 'will rejoice', 'ya'al'tzu' means 'will shout', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 've' means 'and', 'yashisu' means 'will be glad' or 'will laugh', 'b'simcha' means 'in joy' or 'with happiness'.
[PSA.68.5] Sing to the Gods, make music to his name, let the riders in the wilderness proclaim his name and rejoice before him. [§]
Shiru le Elohim zammeru shmo solu l'rochev ba'aravot be-yeh shmo ve'ilzu lefanav.
'Shiru' means 'sing (imperative plural)'. 'le' means 'to/for'. 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural). 'zammeru' means 'make music' or 'sing a song'. 'shmo' means 'his name'. 'solu' means 'let' (imperative). 'l'rochev' means 'the rider' or 'those who ride'. 'ba'aravot' means 'in the wilderness'. 'be-yeh' is understood as 'in' or 'with'. 'shmo' again means 'his name'. 've'ilzu' means 'and rejoice' or 'and be glad'. 'lefanav' means 'before him'.
[PSA.68.6] Father of orphans and judge of widows, the Gods in his holy refuge. [§]
Avi yetomim veDayan almanot Elohim bimaon kadsho.
'Avi' means 'Father', 'yetomim' means 'orphan(ies)', 'veDayan' means 'and judge', 'almanot' means 'widow(ies)', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'bimaon' means 'in the refuge', 'kadsho' means 'his holy'.
[PSA.68.7] the Gods place the lonely in the house bring out prisoners in the ropes only rebels dwelt in brightness. [§]
Elohim moshiv yechidim bayita motzi asirim bakkosharot ach sorerim shachnu tsechiha.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'moshav' means 'places' or 'settles', 'yechidim' means 'the lonely' or 'the solitary ones', 'bayita' means 'in the house', 'motzi' means 'brings out' or 'releases', 'asirim' means 'prisoners', 'bakkosharot' means 'in the ropes' or 'in the cords', 'ach' means 'only', 'sorerim' means 'rebels' or 'seditious ones', 'shachnu' means 'dwelt' or 'inhabited', 'tsechiha' means 'brightness' or 'bright place'.
[PSA.68.8] The Gods, when your going out before your people, when your stepping in the heavens, Selah. [§]
Elohim be-tzeitecha lifnei ammekha be-tzadecha bi-shimon sela.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'be-tzeitecha' means 'when your going out' (the prefix be- = when/if, tzeita = going out, -cha = your), 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ammekha' means 'your people' (am = people, -kha = your), 'be-tzadecha' means 'when your stepping' (tzade = step, -cha = your), 'bi-shimon' means 'in the heavens' (shimon = heavens), 'sela' is a liturgical term left untranslated as 'Selah'.
[PSA.68.9] The earth shook, and the heavens trembled because of the Gods, this is Sinai because of the Gods, the Gods of Israel. [§]
erets raashah af shamayim natfu mipnei Elohim zeh Sinai mipnei Elohim Elohei Yisrael.
'erets' means 'earth', 'raashah' means 'shook', 'af' means 'and', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'natfu' means 'shook' or 'trembled', 'mipnei' means 'because of' or 'before', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'zeh' means 'this', 'Sinai' is the name of the mountain, the second 'mipnei' again means 'because of', the third 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 'Elohei' is the construct form meaning 'the Gods of', and 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[PSA.68.10] Rain, gifts, you will lift up God, your inheritance and it will be wasted, you have established it. [§]
geshem nedavot tanif Elohim nachaltecha ve-nil'ah attah konantah.
'geshem' means 'rain', 'nedavot' means 'gifts' or 'generosities', 'tanif' means 'you will lift up' (future 2nd singular), 'Elohim' means 'God', 'nachaltecha' means 'your inheritance', 've-nil'ah' means 'and it will be wasted', 'attah' means 'you', 'konantah' means 'you have established it'.
[PSA.68.11] Your life they dwelt in; you will prepare in your goodness for the poor, the Gods. [§]
Chayatekha yashvu-ba takin be-tovatekha le'ani elohim.
'Chayatekha' means 'your life', 'yashvu-ba' means 'they dwelt in it', 'takin' means 'you will prepare', 'be-tovatekha' means 'in your goodness', 'le'ani' means 'for the poor', 'elohim' means 'the Gods'.
[PSA.68.12] My Lord will give a word, the proclaimers, a great army. [§]
Adonai yitten-omer ha-mbasherot tzava rav.
'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'yitten' means 'will give', 'omer' means 'word', 'ha-mbasherot' means 'the proclaimers' or 'the ones who bring news', 'tzava' means 'army', 'rav' means 'great' or 'many'.
[PSA.68.13] The kings of the hosts shall judge, shall judge, and the offspring of the house shall divide the spoil. [§]
Malchei Tzevaot yiddun yiddun u'nevat bayit techalek shalal.
'Malchei' means 'kings of', 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' (as in armies), 'yiddun' is a verb meaning 'they will judge', repeated for emphasis, 'u'nevat' means 'and the offspring/descendants', 'bayit' means 'of the house', 'techalek' means 'will divide', 'shalal' means 'the spoil' or 'booty'.
[PSA.68.14] If you lie between the lips like the wings of a dove, it is considered as silver, and its branches in a sharp green. [§]
Im-tishkevun bein shefatayim kanfei yona nechpah bakesef veevroteha birakrak harutz.
'Im' means 'if', 'tishkevun' means 'you (plural) will lie', 'bein' means 'between', 'shefatayim' means 'lips', 'kanfei' means 'like the wings of', 'yona' means 'a dove', 'nechpah' means 'is considered' or 'is valued', 'bakesef' means 'as silver' or 'in silver', 'veevroteha' means 'and its branches' or 'its offshoots', 'birakrak' means 'in a greenish' (a bright green hue), 'harutz' means 'sharp' or 'harsh'.
[PSA.68.15] When the Almighty separates the kings in her, you will cause them to sink in the shadow. [§]
beparés Shaddai melachim bah tashleg betzalmon.
'beparés' (בְּפָרֵשׂ) means 'when [he] separates' or 'in the act of separating', 'Shaddai' (שַׁדַּי) is a divine name and is rendered here as 'the Almighty', 'melachim' (מְלָכִים) means 'kings', 'bah' (בָּהּ) means 'in her', 'tashleg' (תַּשְׁלֵג) means 'you will cause to sink' or 'you will submerge', 'betzalmon' (בְּצַלְמוֹן) means 'in the shadow'.
[PSA.68.16] Mountain the Gods, Mountain Bashan, Mountain Gabbunim, Mountain Bashan. [§]
Har Elohim Har Bashan Har Gabbunim Har Bashan.
'Har' means 'mountain'. 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods'. 'Bashan' is a proper name of a region and is left as Bashan. 'Gabbunim' is a plural form meaning 'high places' or a specific group of hills, rendered here as a proper name Gabbunim. The verse repeats the phrase, listing several mountains.
[PSA.68.17] Why do you cause the mountains to tremble, the lofty hills, the beloved of the Gods for his dwelling; even Yahveh will dwell forever. [§]
lamah teratzdun harim gabnunim hahar chamad elohim leshivto af-yahveh yishkon lanetzach.
'lamah' means 'why'; 'teratzdun' means 'you cause to tremble'; 'harim' means 'the mountains'; 'gabnunim' means 'the lofty hills'; 'hahar' means 'the high one' or 'the mountain'; 'chamad' means 'beloved' or 'desired'; 'elohim' means 'the Gods'; 'leshivto' means 'for his dwelling'; 'af-yahveh' means 'even Yahveh'; 'yishkon' means 'will dwell'; 'lanetzach' means 'forever'.
[PSA.68.18] The chariot of the Gods, double thousands of Shinan; my Lord among them, Sinai in the holy. [§]
Rechev Elohim ribottayim alfei shin'an Adonai bam Sinai bakodesh.
'Rechev' means 'chariot', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'ribottayim' means 'double' or 'twice', 'alfei' means 'thousands of', 'shin'an' is a proper name (taken here as a place or group name), 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'bam' means 'in them' or 'among them', 'Sinai' is the name of the mountain, and 'bakodesh' means 'in the holy' (the holy place).
[PSA.68.19] You went up to the heights, you restored the captives; you took gifts from man and also the rebellious to dwell Yah the Gods. [§]
Aliyta lamarron shabita shevi lakahta matanot baadam ve'af sor'rim lishkon Yah Elohim.
'Aliyta' means 'you went up', 'lamarron' means 'to the heights', 'shabita' means 'you restored', 'shevi' means 'the captives', 'lakahta' means 'you took', 'matanot' means 'gifts', 'baadam' means 'from man', 've'af' means 'and also', 'sor'rim' means 'the rebellious', 'lishkon' means 'to dwell', 'Yah' is the short form of the divine name YHVH and is rendered as "Yah", 'Elohim' means "the Gods" (plural form of God).
[PSA.68.20] Blessed my Lord, day by day, may the God bring us our salvation. Selah. [§]
Baruch Adonai yom yom ya'amass lanu ha-El yeshu'ateinu Selah.
'Baruch' means 'Blessed', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'yom' means 'day', the repetition 'yom yom' conveys 'day by day' or 'every day', 'ya'amass' is a verb form of the root meaning 'to bring' or 'to cause', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'ha-El' means 'the God' (El is translated as 'God'), 'yeshu'ateinu' means 'our salvation', and 'Selah' is a liturgical pause or affirmation.
[PSA.68.21] The God for us God for deliverances and Yahveh my Lord to death outputs. [§]
hael lanu el lemoshaot veleiYahveh Adonai lamavet totsaot.
'hael' means 'the God' (El translated as God, with the definite article), 'lanu' means 'for us', 'el' means 'God', 'lemoshaot' means 'for deliverances' (mosha'ot = deliverances or savior acts), 'veleiYahveh' means 'and for Yahveh' (the component YHVH is rendered as Yahveh), 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'lamavet' means 'to death', and 'totsaot' means 'outputs' or 'causes to go out' (a plural noun form of the verb to go out). The divine names are rendered according to the given literal conventions.
[PSA.68.22] Only the Gods will crush the head of his enemies, pricking hair, walking in his sins. [§]
Ach-Elohim yimchatz rosh oy'veav kadkod se'ar mithalekh ba'ashamav.
'Ach' means 'only', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yimchatz' means 'will crush', 'rosh' means 'head', 'oy'veav' means 'his enemies', 'kadkod' means 'pricks' or 'scatters', 'se'ar' means 'hair', 'mithalekh' means 'walking', 'ba'ashamav' means 'in his sins'.
[PSA.68.23] Says my Lord, from the bitterness I will answer, I will answer from the depths of the sea. [§]
Amar Adonai mibashan ashiv ashiv mimtzulot yam.
'Amar' means 'said', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'mibashan' means 'from the bitterness', 'ashiv' means 'I will answer' (from the root shuv), the second 'ashiv' repeats for emphasis, 'mimtzulot' means 'from the depths', 'yam' means 'sea'.
[PSA.68.24] For you will crush your foot in blood, the tongue of your dogs taken from your enemies, from him. [§]
lema'an timchatz raglecha bedam leshon kelavecha me'oyevim minehu.
'lema'an' means 'for the purpose of' or 'lest'. 'timchatz' is the verb 'you will crush' (second person masculine singular). 'raglecha' means 'your foot' (the foot of you). 'bedam' means 'in blood' or 'with blood'. 'leshon' means 'tongue' (or metaphorically 'speech'). 'kelavecha' means 'your dogs'. 'me'oyevim' means 'from enemies' (or 'against enemies'). 'minehu' is a form meaning 'from him' or 'of him', indicating source or direction. The phrase strings together a vivid image of a foot being crushed in blood and the tongue of one's dogs being taken from one’s enemies, emphasizing total defeat.
[PSA.68.25] See your steps, the Gods; steps my God, my king, in the holy. [§]
ra'u halikotecha Elohim halikot Eli malchi bakodesh.
'ra\'u' means 'see', 'halikotecha' means 'your steps', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural form of God), 'halikot' means 'steps' or 'paths', 'Eli' means 'my God' (El = God + i = my), 'malchi' means 'my king', and 'bakodesh' means 'in the holy'.
[PSA.68.26] Advance, exalted ones, after they are humbled within the worlds that flutter. [§]
Kidemu sharim achar nognim betoch alamot tofefot.
'Kidemu' is the plural imperative of 'to go forward' meaning 'advance' or 'go ahead'. 'Sharim' is a plural noun meaning 'exalted ones' or 'high ones'. 'Achar' means 'after' or 'behind'. 'Nognim' is a verb meaning 'they will be humbled' or 'they will be brought low'. 'Betoch' means 'within' or 'in the midst of'. 'Alamot' is the plural of 'world' meaning 'worlds' or 'universes'. 'Tofefot' is a verb meaning 'flutter', 'wave', or 'shake', here rendered as 'that flutter'.
[PSA.68.27] In the assemblies bless the Gods Yahveh from the source of Israel. [§]
be makchelot barkhu Elohim Yahveh mi mekhor Yisrael.
'be' means 'in', 'makchelot' means 'assemblies' or 'gatherings', 'barkhu' means 'bless', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'mi' means 'from', 'mekhor' means 'source' or 'fountain', and 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[PSA.68.28] There were also in Benjamin a young man sleeping, the chiefs of Judah (their number), the chiefs of Zebulun, and the chiefs of Naphtali. [§]
Sham Binyamin tzair rodem sharei Yehudah rigmatah sharei Zevulun sharei Naftali.
'Sham' means 'there', 'Binyamin' is the tribe of Benjamin, 'tzair' means 'young' (a young man), 'rodem' means 'sleeping', 'sharei' means 'chiefs' or 'leaders', 'Yehudah' is the tribe of Judah, 'rigmatah' means 'their number', 'Zevulun' is the tribe of Zebulun, 'Naftali' is the tribe of Naphtali.
[PSA.68.29] Command your God, your strength, the strength of the Gods, this you have done for us. [§]
tsivvah Elohecha uzekha uzah Elohim zu paalta lanu.
'tsivvah' means 'command' (imperative), 'Elohecha' means 'your God', 'uzekha' means 'your strength', 'uzah' means 'strength', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'zu' means 'this', 'paalta' means 'you have done', 'lanu' means 'for us'.
[PSA.68.30] From your palace over Jerusalem, to you the kings will bring tribute. [§]
meheikalecha al Yerushalem lecha yobilu melachim shai
'me' means 'from', 'heikal' means 'palace', 'cha' means 'your' (masculine singular). 'al' means 'over' or 'upon'. 'Yerushalem' is the proper name Jerusalem. 'lecha' means 'to you' or 'for you'. 'yobilu' is the verb 'they will bring' (third person plural future). 'melachim' means 'kings'. 'shai' means 'tribute' or 'gift'.
[PSA.68.31] Fury beast reed assembly of the mighty in the goats of peoples will roll in the desire of silver in the seed of peoples piles they will desire. [§]
gear chayat kaneh adat avirim beeglei amim mitrapes beratzeikasef bizar amim keravot yechpatsu.
'gear' means 'fury', 'chayat' means 'beast', 'kaneh' means 'reed' (or 'jealousy'), 'adat' means 'assembly' or 'congregation', 'avirim' means 'strong ones' or 'mighty', 'beeglei' means 'in the goats/kids of', 'amim' means 'nations' or 'peoples', 'mitrapes' means 'will roll' or 'will turn', 'beratzeikasef' means 'in the desire of silver' (literally 'by the silver's desire'), 'bizar' means 'in the seed' or 'in the offspring', 'keravot' means 'piles' or 'heaps', 'yechpatsu' means 'they will desire' or 'they will long for'.
[PSA.68.32] Let the darknesses be from me, Egypt; Kush will run his hand to the Gods. [§]
Ye'etavu hashmanim minni mitzrayim Kush tarits yadav leElohim.
'Ye'etavu' is a verb form meaning 'let them be' or 'they shall be'. 'Hashmanim' means 'darknesses', the plural of 'darkness'. 'Minni' means 'from me'. 'Mitzrayim' is the name of the nation 'Egypt'. 'Kush' is the proper name of the southern land 'Kush'. 'Tarits' is a verb meaning 'will run' (from the root meaning 'to run' or 'to rush'). 'Yadav' means 'his hand'. 'LeElohim' means 'to the Gods' (the literal translation of the name Elohim).
[PSA.68.33] The kingdoms of the earth sing to the Gods, sing my Lord, Selah. [§]
Mamlachot ha'aretz shiru leElohim zamru Adonai selah.
'Mamlachot' means 'kingdoms', 'ha'aretz' means 'the earth', 'shiru' means 'sing', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (plural form of God), 'zamru' means 'sing' (imperative), 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'selah' is a musical or liturgical pause retained as the word 'Selah'.
[PSA.68.34] To the rider in the ancient heavens, behold, he will give with his voice a voice of strength. [§]
la rochev bi shmei shmei qedem hen yiten be kolo kol oz.
'la rochev' means 'to the rider' or 'for the rider', 'bi' means 'in' or 'by', 'shmei' means 'the heavens', the second 'shmei' repeats for emphasis, 'qedem' means 'ancient' or 'of old', 'hen' means 'behold' or 'surely', 'yiten' means 'he will give', 'be kolo' means 'with his voice', 'kol' means 'voice' and 'oz' means 'strength' or 'might'.
[PSA.68.35] Give strength to the Gods over Israel his pride and his strength in the games. [§]
T'nu oz leElohim al-Yisrael ga'avato ve'uzo ba'shekhakim.
'T'nu' means 'Give (you plural imperative)', 'oz' means 'strength', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (Elohim is plural, translated as the Gods), 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ga'avato' means 'his pride', 've' means 'and', 'uzo' means 'his strength', 'ba'shekhakim' means 'in the games' (shakhak = games, sport).
[PSA.68.36] Awesome is the Gods from your sanctuaries; the God of Israel, He gives strength and counsel to the people. Blessed is the Gods. [§]
Nora elohim mi mikdashkha El Yisrael hu noten oz ve ta'atzumot la'am Baruch elohim.
'Nora' means 'awesome' or 'wondrous'. 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural). 'mi' means 'from'. 'mikdashkha' means 'your sanctuary' (singular) or 'your sanctuaries'. 'El' means 'God' and 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', together 'El Yisrael' = 'God of Israel'. 'hu' means 'He'. 'noten' means 'gives'. 'oz' means 'strength' or 'might'. 've' means 'and'. 'ta'atzumot' (from the root 'atzam') means 'steadfastness', 'counsel', or 'support'. 'la'am' means 'to the people'. 'Baruch' means 'blessed'. 'elohim' again means 'the Gods' (plural).
PSA.69
[PSA.69.1] To the chief musician, upon the lilies, of David. [§]
Lam'natzeach al-shoshanim leDavid.
'Lam'natzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'shoshanim' means 'lilies', 'leDavid' means 'of David'.
[PSA.69.2] Save me the Gods, for waters have come up to the soul. [§]
Hoshiena Elohim ki bau mayim ad nafesh.
'Hoshiena' means 'save me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (the plural form of God), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'bau' means 'have come', 'mayim' means 'waters', 'ad' means 'to' or 'up to', 'nafesh' means 'soul' or 'life'. The idiom 'waters have come up to the soul' conveys a sense of overwhelming distress, as if the person is drowning in trouble.
[PSA.69.3] I have lodged in a deep pit and there is no firm ground; I have come into the depths of water and a net has overwhelmed me. [§]
Tavatti bi-ven metzula ve'ein ma'amad, ba-ti be-ma'amakei mayim ve-shibolleth shtaptani.
'Tavatti' means 'I have lodged', 'bi-ven' means 'in a pit', 'metzula' means 'deep', 've'ein' means 'and there is no', 'ma'amad' means 'firm ground', 'ba-ti' means 'I have come', 'be-ma'amakei' means 'into the depths of', 'mayim' means 'water', 've-shibolleth' means 'and a net', 'shtaptani' means 'has overwhelmed me'.
[PSA.69.4] I am weary in my calling, my longing is for my grain, my eyes have grown weak, I long for my God. [§]
Yagati bekar'i nichar g'roni kalu einai meyachel leElohai.
'Yagati' means 'I am weary', 'bekar'i' means 'in my calling' or 'with my cry', 'nichar' means 'my longing' or 'desire', 'g'roni' means 'my grain' or 'my harvest', 'kalu' means 'have become weak/are exhausted', 'einai' means 'my eyes', 'meyachel' means 'I long' or 'I hope', 'leElohai' means 'to my God' (Elohai = my God).
[PSA.69.5] Increase the branches of my head, my haters, the fierce, they have become strong; my extinguishers, my enemies, the falsehood that I have not stolen, then I will answer. [§]
Rabbú mish'arot roshi shonei chinam atzmu matsmitai oyvai sheker asher lo gazalti az ashiv.
'Rabbú' means 'make many' or 'increase'; 'mish'arot' means 'branches' (plural); 'roshi' means 'of my head'; 'shonei' means 'those who hate me' (literally 'my hater(s)'); 'chinam' is an idiom meaning 'the fierce' or 'the strong'; 'atzmu' means 'they have become strong' or 'they have firmed up'; 'matsmitai' literally 'my extinguishers' (ones who put out, i.e., destroyers); 'oyvai' means 'my enemies'; 'sheker' means 'falsehood' or 'lie'; 'asher' means 'that'; 'lo gazalti' means 'I have not stolen'; 'az' means 'then' or 'at that time'; 'ashiv' means 'I will answer' or 'I will return'. The verse strings these phrases together in a poetic, possibly prophetic, style.
[PSA.69.6] the Gods you have known my iniquity and my sins; they have not been hidden from you. [§]
Elohim atah yadata leivalti veashmotai mimmekha lo-nikchadu.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'atah' means 'you', 'yadata' means 'have known', 'leivalti' means 'my iniquity', 'veashmotai' means 'and my sins', 'mimmekha' means 'from you', 'lo-nikchadu' means 'have not been hidden'.
[PSA.69.7] Let not be ashamed in me your hope, my Lord Yahveh of hosts; let not be despised in me your seekers, the God of Israel. [§]
Al-yeboshu bi qoveikha Adonai Yahveh Tzevaot al-yikkalmu bi mebaksheikha Elohei Yisrael.
'Al-yeboshu' means 'let not be ashamed', 'bi' means 'in me', 'qoveikha' means 'your hope', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts', 'al-yikkalmu' means 'let not be despised', 'mebaksheikha' means 'your seekers', 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[PSA.69.8] For I have taken disgrace upon you, and I have covered my face with silence. [§]
Ki aleikha nasati cherpah kistah kelimah panai.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'aleikha' means 'upon you' (second person masculine singular), 'nasati' is the first‑person perfect of 'nasa', meaning 'I have taken' or 'I have borne', 'cherpah' means 'shame' or 'disgrace', 'kistah' is the third‑person masculine perfect of 'kasah', meaning 'he covered' and here functions as 'I have covered', 'kelimah' comes from 'kalam' meaning 'silence' or 'muteness', and 'panai' means 'my face'. The clause uses an idiom of taking shame and covering one's face with silence as a sign of humiliation.
[PSA.69.9] I was strange to my brothers and a stranger to the children of my mother. [§]
Moozar hayiti le'echai ve'nakhri livnei immi.
'Moozar' means 'strange' or 'alien', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'le'echai' means 'to my brothers', 've'nakhri' means 'and a stranger/alien', 'livnei' means 'to the sons/children', 'immi' means 'of my mother'.
[PSA.69.10] For the jealousy of your house has devoured me, and the scorn of your scorcher has fallen upon me. [§]
Ki kinat beitecha akhalatni vecherpot chorpecha naf'lu alai.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'kinat' means 'jealousy' or 'envy', 'beitecha' means 'your house', 'akhalatni' means 'has devoured me' (from the verb 'to eat'), 'vecherpot' means 'and the scorn' or 'shame', 'chorpecha' means 'your scorcher' or 'one who scorches you' (a noun of one who mocks), 'naf'lu' means 'have fallen', 'alai' means 'upon me'.
[PSA.69.11] And I wept in my fasting, and it became anguish to me. [§]
Va'evkeh ba-tzom nafshi va'tehi la-charapot li.
'Va'evkeh' means 'and I wept', 'ba-tzom' means 'in the fast', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'va'tehi' means 'and it became', 'la-charapot' means 'to bitterness' or 'to anguish', 'li' means 'to me'.
[PSA.69.12] And I made my clothing a sack, and I was to them a pattern. [§]
va'etnah levushi sak va'ehi lahem lemashel.
'va'etnah' means 'and I gave' or 'and I made', 'levushi' means 'my clothing', 'sak' means 'a sack' (or 'skin, leather'), 'va'ehi' means 'and I was', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'lemashel' means 'as a pattern' or 'as an example'.
[PSA.69.13] May those who sit at the gate laugh at me, and the music of the wine‑drinkers. [§]
Yashichu bi yoshevei sha'ar u-neginot shotei shekhar.
'Yashichu' means 'they shall laugh' or 'they shall rejoice'; 'bi' means 'at me' or 'against me'; 'yoshevei' means 'those who sit'; 'sha'ar' means 'gate'; 'u' is the conjunction 'and'; 'neginot' means 'songs' or 'music'; 'shotei' means 'drinkers'; 'shekhar' means 'wine'.
[PSA.69.14] And my prayer to you Yahveh at a time of favor the Gods in abundant kindness answer me in truth your salvation. [§]
vaani tefilati lecha Yahveh et ratson Elohim berav chasdecha aneni beemet yishecha.
'vaani' means 'and I', 'tefilati' means 'my prayer', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'et' means 'time' or 'season', 'ratson' means 'favor' or 'good will', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'berav' means 'in abundance' or 'with many', 'chasdecha' means 'your kindness' or 'your lovingkindness', 'aneni' means 'answer me' or 'grant me an answer', 'beemet' means 'in truth', 'yishecha' means 'your salvation'.
[PSA.69.15] Save me from the pit, and let not the pit swallow me; I will escape from those who hate me and from the deep waters. [§]
Hatzileni mi-tit ve-al-etba'ah inatzlah mi-sonei u-mi-ma'amakei-mayim.
'Hatzileni' means 'save me'; 'mi-tit' is the preposition 'mi-' ('from') plus 'tit', a word for a pit or snare, so it means 'from the pit'; 've-al-etba'ah' means 'and let not (it) swallow'; 'inatzlah' (from the root נצל) means 'I will escape' or 'I will be rescued'; 'mi-sonei' is 'from haters' (the plural construct of 'soneh' = 'hater'); 'u-mi-ma'amakei-mayim' combines 'u-' ('and'), 'mi-' ('from'), 'ma'amakei' (construct of 'ma'amak' = 'depth'), and 'mayim' = 'water', giving 'and from the depths of water'.
[PSA.69.16] Do not pour a flood of water on me, and do not swallow me in a pit, and do not cast me into the mouth of the well. [§]
al-tishtfeni shiboleth mayim ve-al tivlaeni metzula ve-al te'atar alay be'er pihah.
'al' means 'do not', 'tishtfeni' means 'you will pour upon me', 'shiboleth' means 'a flood' or 'torrent', 'mayim' means 'water', 've-al' means 'and not', 'tivlaeni' means 'you will swallow me', 'metzula' means 'a pit', 've-al' means 'and not', 'te'atar' means 'you will throw me into', 'alay' means 'upon me', 'be'er' means 'well', 'pihah' means 'its mouth'.
[PSA.69.17] Answer me Yahveh, for your lovingkindness is good, abundant are your mercies; turn toward me. [§]
Aneini Yahveh ki tov chasdecha kerov rachamecha p'nei elay.
'Aneini' means 'answer me', 'Yahveh' is the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'ki' means 'for', 'tov' means 'good', 'chasdecha' means 'your lovingkindness', 'kerov' means 'abundant', 'rachamecha' means 'your mercies', 'p'nei' means 'turn' or 'face toward', 'elay' means 'to me'.
[PSA.69.18] And do not hide your face from your servant, for I am in distress; hurry, answer me. [§]
ve-al tasster panecha me'avdecha ki tzar li maher aneni.
've-al' means 'and not', 'tasster' means 'hide', 'panecha' means 'your face', 'me'avdecha' means 'from your servant', 'ki' means 'because', 'tzar li' means 'I am in distress', 'maher' means 'hurry', 'aneni' means 'answer me'. The pronoun 'your' refers to God, but no divine name appears directly in the text.
[PSA.69.19] He brought close to my soul, redeemed it for the sake of my enemies; redeem me. [§]
karbah el-napshi ge'alah lemaan oyvai p'deni.
'karbah' means 'brought near', 'el-napshi' means 'to my soul', 'ge'alah' means 'redeemed (it/her)', 'lemaan' means 'for the sake of', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'p'deni' means 'redeem me'.
[PSA.69.20] Yahveh has known my disgrace, my shame, and my curses in your presence, all my oppressors. [§]
Attah yada'ta cherpati uvashti u'khlimati negdeka kol-tzorerai.
'Attah' means 'you' (addressed to God), 'yada'ta' means 'you have known', 'cherpati' means 'my disgrace', 'uvashti' means 'and my shame', 'u'khlimati' means 'and my curses', 'negdeka' means 'in your presence', 'kol' means 'all', 'tzorerai' means 'my oppressors'.
[PSA.69.21] Mockery has broken my heart and I have been humbled and I have hoped for relief, but there is none; for comfort I have found none. [§]
cherpah shavrah libi vaanusah vakaveh lanud vaayin ve'lamnachamim velo matzati.
'cherpah' means 'mockery', 'shavrah' means 'has broken', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'vaanusah' means 'and I have been humbled', 'vakaveh' means 'and I have hoped', 'lanud' means 'for relief', 'vaayin' means 'and there is none', 've'lamnachamim' means 'for comfort', 'velo' means 'not', 'matzati' means 'I have found'.
[PSA.69.22] They placed barley on my head, and for my thirst they gave me bitterness. [§]
vayittenu bevaruti rosh velitzmai yashquni chometz.
'vayittenu' means 'they gave' or 'they placed'; 'bevaruti' means 'in my barley' (barut = barley, -i = my); 'rosh' means 'head'; 'velitzmai' means 'and for my thirst' (li- = for, tzmai = my thirst); 'yashquni' means 'they will give me drink' (yashq = give drink, -uni = to me); 'chometz' means 'bitterness'.
[PSA.69.23] Let their table be before them for the feast, and for the peace offerings to the one who gathers. [§]
yehi shulchanam lifnehem lefach ve lishlomim lemoqesh
'yehi' means 'let be' or 'may it be'; 'shulchanam' means 'their table'; 'lifnehem' means 'before them' or 'in front of them'; 'lefach' is a difficult word but likely means 'for the feast' or 'to the opening'; 've' means 'and'; 'lishlomim' means 'for the peace offerings' (lishlom = peace offering, the plural suffix -im); 'lemoqesh' means 'to the one who gathers/collects' or possibly a proper name of a place or person.
[PSA.69.24] Their eyes have become dark from looking, and their ears are always the appointed. [§]
Tehashkhna einayhem mer'ot u-matnehem tamid hamead.
'Tehashkhna' means 'have become dark' (from the root ח-ש-כ meaning darkness). 'Einayhem' means 'their eyes'. 'Mer'ot' means 'from seeing' or 'from looking'. 'U-matnehem' means 'and their ears'. 'Tamid' means 'always' or 'continually'. 'Hamead' is a noun derived from the root ע-ד meaning 'appointed' or 'designated', here understood as 'the appointed [thing/time]'.
[PSA.69.25] Pour out your wrath upon them, and the fury of your anger will overtake them. [§]
shfakh-aleihem zaamkha vacharon afkha yasighem.
'shfakh' means 'pour out', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'zaamkha' means 'your wrath', 'vacharon' means 'and the fury', 'afkha' means 'your anger', 'yasighem' means 'will overtake them'.
[PSA.69.26] Let their fear be a breath in their tents; let there be no dweller. [§]
tehi tiratam neshama beaholeihem al yehi yoshev.
'tehi' means 'let be', 'tiratam' means 'their fear' or 'their terror', 'neshama' means 'breath' or 'spirit', 'beaholeihem' means 'in their tents', 'al' means 'not', 'yehi' means 'let be', 'yoshev' means 'dweller' or 'inhabitant'.
[PSA.69.27] For you who you struck, they pursue, and to pain your slain they will tell. [§]
Ki-atah asher hi-kita radapu ve-el mak'ov chalaleikha yesapperu.
'Ki' means 'for', 'atah' means 'you', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'hi-kita' means 'you struck', 'radapu' means 'they pursue', 've' means 'and', 'el' means 'to', 'mak'ov' means 'pain', 'chalaleikha' means 'your slain', 'yesapperu' means 'they will tell'.
[PSA.69.28] Give guilt upon their guilt, and let them not enter into your righteousness. [§]
Tena avon al avonam ve'al yavu betzidkatek.
'Tena' means 'give' or 'set', 'avon' means 'guilt' or 'iniquity', 'al' means 'upon' or 'against', 'avonam' means 'their guilt', 've'al' means 'and not', 'yavu' means 'they shall come' or 'enter', 'betzidkatek' means 'in your righteousness' (addressed to God).
[PSA.69.29] May they be blotted out from the book of the living and not be written among the righteous. [§]
Yimmachu missefer chayyim ve'im tzaddikim al yikatevu.
'Yimmachu' means 'may they be blotted out', 'missefer' means 'from the book', 'chayyim' means 'living' or 'the living', 've'im' means 'and with' or 'and among', 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous', 'al' means 'not' or 'do not', 'yikatevu' means 'they be written'.
[PSA.69.30] And I, poor and afflicted, your salvation, the Gods will save me. [§]
Va'ani ani veckoev yeshuatekha Elohim tesagveini.
'Va'ani' means 'and I', 'ani' means 'poor', 'veckoev' means 'and afflicted', 'yeshuatekha' means 'your salvation', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'tesagveini' means 'will save me'.
[PSA.69.31] I will praise the name of the Gods with song and I will exalt him with thanksgiving. [§]
Ahal'lah shem-eloheem be-sheer va'gadlennoo be-tohda.
'Ahal'lah' means 'I will praise', 'shem' means 'name', 'eloheem' means 'the Gods' (literal rendering of Elohim), 'be-sheer' means 'with a song', 'va'gadlennoo' means 'and I will exalt him', 'be-tohda' means 'with thanksgiving'.
[PSA.69.32] And it will be good to Yahveh from the ox, the bull, horned, spreader. [§]
ve-titav laYahveh mi-shor par makrin mafris.
've' means 'and', 'titav' means 'it will be good', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'mi' means 'from', 'shor' means 'boar' or 'ox', 'par' means 'bull' or 'ox', 'makrin' means 'horned' or 'radiant', 'mafris' means 'spreader' or 'one who spreads'.
[PSA.69.33] Look, the humble will rejoice, seekers of the Gods, and may your heart live. [§]
ra'u anavim yismachu dorshei elohim vichiy levavchem.
'ra'u' means 'look' or 'see', 'anavim' means 'the humble', 'yismachu' means 'will rejoice', 'dorshei' means 'seekers of', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'vichiy' means 'and may live' (jussive form), 'levavchem' means 'your heart'.
[PSA.69.34] For the Yahveh hears the poor and does not despise his captives. [§]
Ki shomea el evyonim Yahveh ve et asirav lo baza.
'Ki' means 'for', 'shomea' means 'hears' (present participle), 'el' means 'to', 'evyonim' means 'the poor', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'asirav' means 'his captives', 'lo' means 'not', 'baza' means 'despise' (to hold in contempt).
[PSA.69.35] Let the heavens and the earth praise Him, the seas and all that moves in them. [§]
Y'haleluho shamayim va'aretz yamim vechol romesh bam.
'Y'haleluho' means 'let [the] praise Him', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'va'aretz' means 'and earth', 'yamim' means 'seas', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'romesh' means 'that moves/swims', 'bam' means 'in them'.
[PSA.69.36] For the Gods shall save Zion and shall build the cities of Judah and shall dwell there and shall inherit it. [§]
Ki Elohim yoshia Tzion ve-yivne arei Yehudah ve-yashvu sham ve-yereshuh.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the divine name), 'yoshia' means 'shall save', 'Tzion' means 'Zion', 've-yivne' means 'and shall build', 'arei' means 'cities of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 've-yashvu' means 'and shall dwell', 'sham' means 'there', and 've-yereshuh' means 'and shall inherit it'.
[PSA.69.37] And the seed of his servants will inherit it, and those who love His Name will dwell in it. [§]
ve zera avadav yinhaluha ve ohavei shemo yishkenu bah.
've' means 'and', 'zera' means 'seed' or 'offspring', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'yinhaluha' means 'they will inherit it', 'ohavei' means 'those who love', 'shemo' means 'His Name', 'yishkenu' means 'they will dwell', 'bah' means 'in it'.
PSA.70
[PSA.70.1] To the chief musician, of David, for remembrance. [§]
Lamnatzeach leDavid lehazkir.
'Lamnatzeach' is a construct of the preposition 'la' (to/for) and 'm'natzeach' (chief musician or director of music), together meaning 'to the chief musician'. 'leDavid' is the preposition 'le' (of/to) plus the name 'David', indicating attribution to David. 'lehazkir' combines the preposition 'le' (for) with the verb 'hazkir' (to remember, to cause remembrance), rendering 'for remembrance' or 'to make remembered'.
[PSA.70.2] the Gods rescue me; Yahveh my help, quickly. [§]
Elohim le-hatzileni Yahveh le'ezrati chusha.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'le-hatzileni' means 'to rescue me' or 'to save me', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'le'ezrati' means 'my help', and 'chusha' means 'quickly' or 'hurry'.
[PSA.70.3] They shall be ashamed and humbled, those who seek my soul shall be cut off, and those who desire my evil shall be put to death. [§]
Yevoshu veyachperu mevakshei nafshi yisogu achor veyichalmu chafetzei raati.
'Yevoshu' means 'they shall be ashamed', 'veyachperu' means 'and they shall be humbled', 'mevakshei' means 'those who seek', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'yisogu' means 'they shall be cut off', 'achor' means 'behind' or 'afterward', 'veyichalmu' means 'and they shall be put to death', 'chafetzei' means 'those who desire', 'raati' means 'my evil'.
[PSA.70.4] They will turn back because of their drinking, the ones who say 'the brother' 'the brother'. [§]
Yashuvu al-eqev bashetam ha'omerim he'ach he'ach.
'Yashuvu' means 'they will turn back' or 'they will return'. 'al' means 'upon' or 'because of'. 'eqev' means 'the rear' or 'the trail'. 'bashetam' means 'their drinking' or 'their wine'. 'ha'omerim' means 'the ones who say' or 'the speakers'. 'he'ach' is a form of 'ach' meaning 'brother', here rendered as 'the brother'. The phrase repeats 'he'ach' for emphasis.
[PSA.70.5] Rejoice and be glad in you, all who seek you, and they will say, 'Always the Gods are great, lovers of your salvation.' [§]
yashissu veyismachu becha kol-mevakesheka veeyomru tamid yigdal Elohim ohavei yeshuatecha.
'yashissu' means 'they will rejoice', 'veyismachu' means 'and they will be glad', 'becha' means 'in you', 'kol-mevakesheka' means 'all who seek you', 'veeyomru' means 'and they will say', 'tamid' means 'always', 'yigdal' means 'is great' or 'shall be great', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ohavei' means 'lovers of', 'yeshuatecha' means 'your salvation'.
[PSA.70.6] And I am poor and needy, the Gods, hurry to me my help and my deliverer; you Yahveh do not delay. [§]
Va'ani anI ve'evyon Elohim chusha-li ezri u-mefalti attah Yahveh al-te'achar.
'Va'ani' means 'and I', 'anI' means 'poor', 've'evyon' means 'and needy', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'chusha-li' means 'hasten to me', 'ezri' means 'my help', 'u-mefalti' means 'and my deliverer', 'attah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'al-te'achar' means 'do not delay'.
PSA.71
[PSA.71.1] In you Yahveh I have taken refuge; I will not be ashamed forever. [§]
Becha Yahveh chasiti al evoshah leolam.
'Becha' means 'in you' (preposition 'be' plus the pronoun 'ka' for 'you'), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'chasiti' means 'I have taken refuge' or 'I have trusted', 'al' means 'do not', 'evoshah' means 'I will be ashamed', 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'always'.
[PSA.71.2] By your righteousness you will save me and rescue me; listen to me, turn your ear to me, and deliver me. [§]
B'tzidkatecha tatzileni utepalleteni hatte-elai oznecha vehoshi'eni.
'B'tzidkatecha' means 'by your righteousness' (b- 'by', tzidkat = righteousness, -echa = your). 'Tatzileni' means 'you will save me' (tatzil = save, -eni = me). 'Utepalleteni' means 'and you will rescue me' (u- 'and', tepalet = rescue, -eni = me). 'Hatte' is the imperative 'listen' or 'turn (your ear)'. '-elai' is the suffix meaning 'to me', so 'hatte-elai' = 'listen to me' or 'turn your ear to me'. 'Oznecha' means 'your ear' (ozna = ear, -echa = your). 'Vehoshi'eni' means 'and deliver me' (ve- 'and', hoshia = deliver, -eni = me). The verse is a plea to God for salvation, expressed in terms of His righteousness and the petitioner's request that God listen and save him.
[PSA.71.3] Be to me a rock and refuge always; you have commanded to save me because you are my rock and my stronghold. [§]
Heiyeh li le-tzur maon lavon tamid tzivit lehoshi'eni ki sali u-metzudati atah.
'Heiyeh' means 'be', 'li' means 'to me', 'le-tzur' means 'as a rock', 'maon' means 'refuge', 'lavon' means 'always', 'tamid' reinforces 'always', 'tzivit' means 'you have commanded', 'lehoshi'eni' means 'to save me', 'ki' means 'because', 'sali' means 'my rock', 'u-metzudati' means 'and my stronghold', 'atah' means 'you'.
[PSA.71.4] my God save me from the hand of the wicked, from the palm of the crooked and the scoffer. [§]
Elohai palt'eni miyad rasha mikaf me'avel vechomets.
'Elohai' means 'my God' (El = God with the first person singular possessive suffix), 'palt'eni' means 'save me', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'rasha' means 'the wicked', 'mikaf' means 'from the palm of', 'me'avel' means 'the crooked' or 'deceiver', and 'vechomets' means 'and the scoffer'.
[PSA.71.5] Because you are my hope, my Lord Yahveh, my trust from my youth. [§]
Ki attah tikvati Adonai Yahveh mibtachi min-ne'arei.
'Ki' means 'because', 'attah' means 'you', 'tikvati' means 'my hope', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the divine name rendered as Yahveh, 'mibtachi' means 'my confidence' or 'my trust', 'min-ne'arei' means 'from my youth'.
[PSA.71.6] Upon you I have placed my trust, from the womb, from before my mother; you are my strength, and in you my praise is forever. [§]
alecha nismachtee mibeten mimmey immi atta gozi bekha tehillati tamid.
'alecha' means 'upon you' or 'on you'; 'nismachtee' means 'I have placed my trust' (first person singular past); 'mibeten' means 'from the womb'; 'mimmey' means 'from before' or 'from before the time of'; 'immi' means 'my mother'; 'atta' means 'you' (singular masculine); 'gozi' means 'my strength' (from the root meaning strength or might); 'bekha' means 'in you' or 'with you'; 'tehillati' means 'my praise' (possessive of tehilla, praise); 'tamid' means 'always' or 'forever'.
[PSA.71.7] I was a sign to many, and you are my refuge and strength. [§]
Kemo'fet hayiti l'rabbim ve'atah machsi-oz.
'Kemo'fet' means 'as a sign', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'l'rabbim' means 'to many' or 'for many', 've'atah' means 'and you', 'machsi-oz' means 'my refuge (shelter) and strength'.
[PSA.71.8] May my mouth be filled with your praise all day long. [§]
Yimale pi tehilatekha kol ha-yom tifareta.
'Yimale' means 'may be filled', 'pi' means 'mouth', 'tehilatekha' means 'your praise', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-yom' means 'the day', 'tifareta' means 'your splendor' or 'your glory'. The verse is a prayer that the speaker's mouth be full of praise to God throughout the whole day.
[PSA.71.9] Do not cast me away in old age; when my strength is spent, do not abandon me. [§]
Al tashlikheni leet ziknah kikhlot kochi al taazveni.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tashlikheni' means 'cast me away', 'leet' means 'for the time of', 'ziknah' means 'old age', 'kikhlot' means 'when it is finished' (referring to strength), 'kochi' means 'my strength', 'al' again means 'do not', 'taazveni' means 'abandon me'.
[PSA.71.10] For they said, my enemies against me, and the keepers of my soul conspired together. [§]
ki amru oyevai li ve shomrei nafshi noatsu yachdav.
'ki' means 'for', 'amru' means 'they said', 'oyevai' means 'my enemies', 'li' means 'to me' or 'against me', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'shomrei' means 'the keepers' or 'those who watch', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'noatsu' means 'they conspired' or 'they plotted', 'yachdav' means 'together'.
[PSA.71.11] to say, "God has abandoned him; pursue and seize him, for there is no savior." [§]
Le'emor Elohim azavo rid'fu ve-tif'su'hu ki ein matziz.
'Le'emor' means 'to say', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'azavo' means 'has abandoned him', 'rid'fu' means 'pursue', 've-tif'su'hu' means 'and seize him', 'ki' means 'for', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'matziz' means 'savior' or 'rescuer'.
[PSA.71.12] the Gods do not turn away from me, my God, for my help, encouragement. [§]
Elohim Al-tirchak Mimeni Elohai Le'ezrati Chiysha.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods'; 'Al-tirchak' means 'do not turn away' (with Al = 'do not' and tirchak = 'you turn away'); 'Mimeni' means 'from me'; 'Elohai' means 'my God' (El = God with the first‑person suffix); 'Le'ezrati' means 'for my help' (le‑ = 'for', ezrat = 'help', -i = 'my'); 'Chiysha' means 'encouragement' or 'spurring'.
[PSA.71.13] May they be ashamed, may they be exhausted, the scoffers of my soul will mock with derision and contempt, those who seek my harm. [§]
Yevoshu Yiklu Sotnei Nafshi Ya'atu Cherpah Uklemma Mevakshei Ra'ati.
'Yevoshu' means 'may they be ashamed', 'Yiklu' means 'may they be consumed or exhausted', 'Sotnei' means 'the scoffers of', 'Nafshi' means 'my soul', 'Ya'atu' means 'they will mock', 'Cherpah' means 'mockery or derision', 'Uklemma' means 'and contempt', 'Mevakshei' means 'those who seek', 'Ra'ati' means 'my evil or harm'.
[PSA.71.14] And I will always rejoice, and I will add to all your praise. [§]
va ani tamid ayachel vehosapti al kol tehila-techa.
'va' means 'and', 'ani' means 'I', 'tamid' means 'always', 'ayachel' means 'will rejoice', 've' means 'and', 'hosapti' means 'I will add', 'al' means 'upon', 'kol' means 'all', 'tehila' means 'praise', 'techa' means 'your' (addressed to God).
[PSA.71.15] My mouth will recount your righteousness; all day your salvation, for I do not know the counts. [§]
Pi y'sapper tzedkatecha kol-hayom teshuatecha ki lo yada'ti sephorot.
'Pi' means 'my mouth', 'y'sapper' means 'will recount' or 'will tell', 'tzedkatecha' means 'your righteousness', 'kol-hayom' means 'all the day' or 'throughout the day', 'teshuatecha' means 'your salvation', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada'ti' means 'I have known' (here negative: 'I do not know'), 'sephorot' means 'counts, numbers, enumerations'.
[PSA.71.16] I will come in strength, my Lord Yahveh, I will remember your justice alone. [§]
Avo bigvrot Adonai Yahveh azkir tsidkatekha levadekha.
'Avo' means 'I will come', 'bigvrot' means 'in strength' or 'with mighty ones', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the name of God rendered as Yahveh, 'azkir' means 'I will remember', 'tsidkatekha' means 'your justice', and 'levadekha' means 'alone' or 'by yourself'.
[PSA.71.17] The Gods taught me from my youth, and even now I proclaim your wonders. [§]
Elohim lamad'tani min'na'urai ve'ad-henna agid nifla'otecha.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods'; 'lamad'tani' means 'taught me'; 'min'na'urai' means 'from my youth'; 've'ad-henna' means 'and even now'; 'agid' means 'I will tell' or 'I proclaim'; 'nifla'otecha' means 'your wonders'.
[PSA.71.18] And also until old age and again the Gods do not abandon me until I shall tell your arm for a generation to all that comes, your might. [§]
vegam ad-zekna ve-sheiva elohim al-taazveni ad-agid zroacha le-dor le-khol-yavo gevuratekha.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'ad-zekna' means 'until old age', 've-sheiva' means 'and again/return', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'al-taazveni' means 'do not abandon me', 'ad-agid' means 'until I shall tell', 'zroacha' means 'your arm', 'le-dor' means 'for a generation', 'le-khol-yavo' means 'to all that comes', 'gevuratekha' means 'your might'.
[PSA.71.19] And your righteousness, the Gods, to the heights, the great deeds you have done, the Gods, who is like you. [§]
ve-tzidkatecha Elohim ad marom asher asita gedolot Elohim mi kamokha.
've-tzidkatecha' means 'and your righteousness', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ad marom' means 'to the heights', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'gedolot' means 'great deeds', the second 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 'mi' means 'who', and 'kamokha' means 'is like you'.
[PSA.71.20] You have shown me many troubles and evils; you will restore me, and from the depths of the earth you will lift me up. [§]
Asher hir'itani tzarot rabbot ve'ra'ot tashuv techayenu u-mithomot ha'aretz tashuv ta'aleni.
'Asher' means 'that' or 'which'; 'hir'itani' means 'you have shown me'; 'tzarot' means 'troubles' or 'afflictions'; 'rabbot' means 'many'; 've'ra'ot' means 'and evils'; 'tashuv' means 'you will return' or 'you will restore'; 'techayenu' means 'you will give life to us' (revive us); 'u-mithomot' means 'and from the depths'; 'ha'aretz' means 'the earth'; the second 'tashuv' repeats the idea of restoration; 'ta'aleni' means 'you will lift me up' or 'you will bring me up'.
[PSA.71.21] Evening, my greatness, and you will turn to comfort me. [§]
terev gedullati ve-tisov tenachameni.
'terev' means 'evening', 'gedullati' means 'my greatness', 've-' is the conjunction 'and', 'tisov' means 'you will turn', 'tenachameni' means 'comfort me' or 'give me consolation'.
[PSA.71.22] Also I will thank you with a harp, your truth, my God; I will sing to you with a kinnor, Holy Israel. [§]
gam-ani odkha bikli-nevel amittekha elohai azammerah lekha b'kinnor kadosh Yisrael.
'gam-ani' means 'also I'; 'odkha' means 'I will thank you' or 'I will give thanks to you'; 'bikli-nevel' means 'with a harp' (bikli = 'with a vessel/instrument', nevel = 'harp'); 'amittekha' means 'your truth' (emet = 'truth' plus second‑person singular suffix); 'elohai' is the form of 'El' with a first‑person singular possessive suffix, therefore it means 'my God' (El = God); 'azammerah' means 'I will sing' or 'I will praise'; 'lekha' means 'to you'; 'b'kinnor' means 'with a kinnor', a stringed instrument similar to a lyre; 'kadosh' means 'holy'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', used here as a title meaning 'Holy Israel'. The divine name 'El' is rendered literally as 'God', and the possessive form 'elohai' becomes 'my God' as required.
[PSA.71.23] Let my lips rejoice, because I will sing to Yahveh, and my soul, which Yahveh has redeemed. [§]
Terannenah sfatai ki azammerah-lakh ve-napshi asher padita.
'Terannenah' means 'let (my) lips rejoice' (imperative verb). 'Sfatai' means 'my lips'. 'Ki' means 'because' or 'for'. 'Azammerah' means 'I will sing' (future). 'Lakh' means 'to you' (addressing God). 'Ve-napshi' means 'and my soul'. 'Asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'Padita' means 'you have redeemed' or 'saved'. The verse is a poetic declaration of joy and praise directed to the Divine.
[PSA.71.24] Even my tongue all day will declare your righteousness, for they are ashamed, for they have plotted, those who seek my evil. [§]
gam leshoni kol hayom tehge tzedketecha ki voshu ki chafru mevakshei raati.
'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'leshoni' means 'my tongue', 'kol' means 'all', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'tehge' is a verb meaning 'will speak' or 'will declare', 'tzedketecha' means 'your righteousness', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'voshu' means 'they are shamed', 'ki' appears again with the same meaning, 'chafru' means 'they have plotted' or 'they have dug', 'mevakshei' means 'those who seek', 'raati' means 'my evil' or 'my harm'.
PSA.72
[PSA.72.1] God, give your judgments to the king and your righteousness to the king's son. [§]
Lishlomo Elohim mishpatecha lemelech ten ve tzidkatecha leven melach.
'Lishlomo' means 'to Solomon', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'mishpatecha' means 'your judgments', 'lemelech' means 'to the king', 'ten' means 'give', 've' means 'and', 'tzidkatecha' means 'your righteousness', 'leven' means 'to the son', 'melach' means 'king'.
[PSA.72.2] He will judge your people in righteousness and your poor in judgment. [§]
Yadin amkha be tzedek ve aniyekha be mishpat.
'Yadin' means 'he will judge', 'amkha' means 'your people', 'be' means 'in', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness', 've' means 'and', 'aniyekha' means 'your poor', 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'justice'.
[PSA.72.3] The mountains will lift peace to the people, and the hills [are] in righteousness. [§]
Yis'u ha-ramim shalom la'am vegeva'ot bitsedakah.
'Yis'u' means 'they will lift' (third person plural of the verb 'to lift'), 'ha-ramim' means 'the mountains', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'la'am' means 'to the people', 'vegeva'ot' means 'and the hills', 'bitsedakah' means 'in righteousness' (with the preposition 'in' attached to 'righteousness').
[PSA.72.4] He will judge the poor of the people, He will save the sons of the needy, and He will crush the oppressor. [§]
Yishpot aniyyei-am yoshiya livnei evyon viydake osheq.
'Yishpot' means 'He will judge', 'aniyyei-am' means 'the poor of the people', 'yoshiya' means 'He will save', 'livnei' means 'for the sons of', 'evyon' means 'the needy/poor', 'viydake' means 'and He will crush', 'osheq' means 'the oppressor'.
[PSA.72.5] They will fear you with the sun and before the moon generation after generation. [§]
Yira'uka im-shamash ve-lifnei yareakh dor dorim.
'Yira'uka' means 'they will fear you', 'im' means 'with', 'shamash' means 'the sun', 've' means 'and', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'yareakh' means 'the moon', 'dor' means 'generation', 'dorim' means 'generations' (plural), together expressing the idea of continual, repeated generations.
[PSA.72.6] Descends like rain upon the grass, as summer sprinkling the earth. [§]
Yered ke-matar al gez, kirbivim zarfif aretz.
'Yered' means 'descends', 'ke-matar' means 'like rain', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'gez' means 'grass', 'kirbivim' means 'like summer' (a poetic way of saying 'as the summer rains'), 'zarfif' means 'sprinkling' or 'shower', 'aretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.72.7] The righteous will flourish in his days, and abundant peace until there is no moon. [§]
Yifrach be-yamav tzaddik ve-rov shalom ad bli yareach.
'Yifrach' means 'will flourish', 'be-yamav' means 'in his days', 'tzaddik' means 'the righteous', 've-rov' means 'and abundance', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'ad' means 'until', 'bli' means 'without', 'yareach' means 'moon'.
[PSA.72.8] And it will descend from sea to sea, and from river to the ends of the earth. [§]
ve-yered mi-yam ad-yam u-mi-nahar ad-afsei-aretz.
've' means 'and', 'yered' means 'will descend', 'mi' is the preposition 'from', 'yam' means 'sea', 'ad' means 'to' or 'until', the second 'yam' again 'sea', 'u' means 'and', the second 'mi' again 'from', 'nahar' means 'river', the second 'ad' again 'to', 'afsei' means 'edges' or 'ends', 'aretz' means 'earth' or 'land'.
[PSA.72.9] The goats will bow before him, and his enemies will crush the dust. [§]
Lefanav yikreu tziyyim veoyvav afar yelachehu.
'Lefanav' means 'before him', 'yikreu' means 'they will bow' or 'kneel', 'tziyyim' means 'goats', 'veoyvav' means 'and his enemies', 'afar' means 'dust', 'yelachehu' means 'they will crush it'.
[PSA.72.10] Kings of Tarshish and the islands will bring back an offering; kings of Sheba and Seba will hire and will offer. [§]
Malkey Tarshish ve Iyyim minchah yashivu Malkey Sheba uSeba eshkar yakribu.
'Malkey' means 'kings of', 'Tarshish' is a proper name of a distant land, 've' means 'and', 'Iyyim' means 'islands', 'minchah' means 'offering' or 'gift', 'yashivu' means 'they will bring back' or 'they will restore', 'Malkey' again means 'kings of', 'Sheba' is a proper name of a kingdom, 'u' means 'and', 'Seba' is another proper name of a region, 'eshkar' means 'they will hire' or 'they will purchase', 'yakribu' means 'they will bring near' or 'they will offer (as a sacrifice)'.
[PSA.72.11] And all kings will bow to Yahveh, all nations will serve Him. [§]
ve-yishtachavu lo kol-melachim kol-goyim yaavduhu.
've' means 'and', 'yishtachavu' means 'they will bow' or 'they will worship', 'lo' means 'to him', 'kol' means 'all', 'melachim' means 'kings', the second 'kol' again means 'all', 'goyim' means 'nations', and 'yaavduhu' means 'they will serve him'. The pronoun 'him' refers to the God of Israel, which is rendered as 'Yahveh' according to the given translation rules.
[PSA.72.12] Because he will rescue the poor distressed, and the needy, and there is no helper for him. [§]
ki yatsil ebyon meshu'a ve'ani ve'ein ozer lo.
'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'yatsil' means 'will save' or 'will rescue', 'ebyon' means 'the poor' (a person lacking wealth), 'meshu'a' means 'distressed' or 'in trouble', 've'ani' means 'and the poor' or 'and the needy', 've'ein' means 'and there is no', 'ozer' means 'helper' or 'rescuer', 'lo' means 'for him' or 'to him'.
[PSA.72.13] He will protect the poor and the needy, and He will save the souls of the needy. [§]
Yachos al-dal ve'evyon ve-naphshot evyonim yoshia.
'Yachos' means 'He will protect', 'al' means 'over' or 'for', 'dal' means 'the poor', 've'evyon' means 'and the needy', 've-naphshot' means 'and the souls', 'evyonim' means 'of the needy', 'yoshia' means 'He will save' or 'rescue'.
[PSA.72.14] From the midst and from oppression their soul will be redeemed, and their blood will be precious in his eyes. [§]
Mitoch u-mechamas yigaal nafsham ve-yeikar damam be'einav.
'Mitoch' means 'from the midst', 'u-mechamas' means 'and from oppression/violence', 'yigaal' means 'will redeem' or 'will deliver', 'nafsham' means 'their soul', 've-yeikar' means 'and will be honored/precious', 'damam' means 'their blood', 'be'einav' means 'in his eyes'.
[PSA.72.15] And he shall live, and he will give him gold in abundance, and he will pray on his behalf always, all day long he will bless him. [§]
vichiy ve-yitten-lo miz'hav sheva ve-yitpalel ba'ado tamid kol-hayom yevarachenu.
'vichiy' means 'and he shall live', 've-yitten-lo' means 'and he will give to him', 'miz'hav' means 'gold', 'sheva' means 'abundance' or 'enough', 've-yitpalel' means 'and he will pray', 'ba'ado' means 'on his behalf', 'tamid' means 'always', 'kol-hayom' means 'all the day', 'yevarachenu' means 'he will bless him'.
[PSA.72.16] Let a strip of bark be on the earth; at the head of the mountains it shakes like white clover, its fruit, and they will spring forth from the city like the grass of the earth. [§]
Yehi pistat-bar ba'aretz be'rosh ha'ram yir'ash kalvanon piryo veyatzitsu me'ir ke'esev ha'aretz.
'Yehi' means 'let there be', 'pistat-bar' is a difficult compound likely meaning 'a strip of bark' or 'a strip of grain', 'ba'aretz' means 'in the earth', 'be'rosh' means 'at the head', 'ha'ram' (or 'harim') means 'the mountains', 'yir'ash' means 'shakes', 'kalvanon' is understood as 'white clover' or a bright plant, 'piryo' means 'its fruit', 've'atzitsu' means 'and they will spring forth', 'me'ir' means 'from the city', 'ke'esev' means 'like the grass', and 'ha'aretz' means 'of the earth'.
[PSA.72.17] Let his name be forever before the sun, his name will be established and they will be blessed in him, all nations will rejoice in him. [§]
Yehi shemo leolam lifnei shemesh yinon shemo ve yitbarechu bo kol goyim yeashrehu.
'Yehi' means 'let it be', 'shemo' means 'his name', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'shemesh' means 'the sun', 'yinon' means 'will be established', 've' means 'and', 'yitbarechu' means 'they will be blessed', 'bo' means 'in him', 'kol' means 'all', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'yeashrehu' means 'they will make him rejoice'.
[PSA.72.18] Blessed Yahveh, the Gods, the Gods of Israel, who does wonders alone. [§]
Baruch Yahveh Elohim Elohei Yisrael Oseh Niflaot Levado.
'Baruch' means 'blessed'; 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH; 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural); 'Elohei' is the construct form meaning 'the Gods of'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'Oseh' means 'who does' or 'maker of'; 'Niflaot' means 'wonders' or 'miracles'; 'Levado' means 'by himself alone'.
[PSA.72.19] And blessed is the name of his glory forever, and may his glory fill all the earth, amen and amen. [§]
Uvaruch shem kevodo leolam veyimale kevodo et kol haaretz amen veamen.
'Uvaruch' means 'and blessed', 'shem' means 'name', 'kevodo' means 'his glory', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'veyimale' means 'and may be filled', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'amen' means 'so be it', 'veamen' means 'and so be it'.
[PSA.72.20] All the prayers of David son of Jesse. [§]
Kallu tefillot David ben Yishai.
'Kallu' means 'All', 'tefillot' means 'prayers', 'David' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Yishai' is a proper name meaning 'Jesse'.
PSA.73
[PSA.73.1] Psalm for Asaph: only good for Israel, the Gods, for the pure heart. [§]
Mizmor le'Asaf ach tov leYisrael Elohim lebarei levav.
'Mizmor' means 'song' or 'psalm', 'le'Asaf' means 'for Asaph', 'ach' means 'only', 'tov' means 'good', 'leYisrael' means 'for Israel', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'lebarei' is the construct form of 'barei' meaning 'of the pure' or 'for the pure', and 'levav' means 'heart'.
[PSA.73.2] And I, my feet barely lifted, like a vessel that has spilled my ruin. [§]
Va'ani kim'at natu'i raglai ke'ayin shupkhu ashuri.
'Va'ani' means 'and I' (or simply 'I'), 'kim'at' means 'as a little' or 'barely', 'natu'i' is a participle meaning 'stretched' or 'lifted', 'raglai' means 'my feet', 'ke'ayin' means 'like a' (literally 'as a'), 'shupkhu' is a verb meaning 'poured out' or 'spilled', and 'ashuri' is a noun meaning 'my ruin' or 'my disaster'. The phrase therefore describes the speaker's feet being barely able to rise, compared to a vessel that has spilled its contents of ruin.
[PSA.73.3] For I have bought peace among the scoffers of the wicked; I will see. [§]
ki kineiti ba-hollelim shlom r'sha'im ereh.
'ki' means 'for', 'kineiti' means 'I have bought', 'ba-hollelim' means 'among the scoffers' (the plural of the word for scoffer or one who mocks), 'shlom' means 'peace', 'r'sha'im' means 'of the wicked', and 'ereh' means 'I will see'.
[PSA.73.4] Because there are no carved images for their death, and it is upright now. [§]
Ki ein chartzuvot lemotam uvari ulam.
'Ki' means 'because', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'chartzuvot' means 'carved images' or 'inscriptions', 'lemotam' means 'for their death', 'uvari' means 'and (it is) sound, healthy, or upright', 'ulam' means 'now' or 'however'.
[PSA.73.5] By human effort there is none, and with a man they will not be troubled. [§]
ba'amal enosh einemo ve'im-adam lo yenugau.
'ba'amal' means 'by/through work', 'enosh' means 'a human' or 'man', 'einemo' means 'there is none' or 'it is not', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'im' means 'with', 'adam' means 'a man', 'lo' means 'not', 'yenugau' is a verb meaning 'they will be troubled' or 'they will be disturbed'.
[PSA.73.6] Therefore their haughty pride will be covered, violence against them. [§]
Lachen anakatmo gaavah yaatef-shit chamas lammo.
'Lachen' means 'therefore'; 'anakatmo' means 'their haughtiness' (from the root that denotes arrogance); 'gaavah' means 'pride'; 'yaatef' means 'will be wrapped' or 'will be covered'; 'shit' is a connective element that pairs with yaatef to convey 'will be covered with'; 'chamas' means 'violence' or 'bloodshed'; 'lammo' means 'against them' (the suffix -mo denotes 'them').
[PSA.73.7] He went out from the milk of his eyes; the traps of the heart passed. [§]
Yatsa mechelev eynemo avru maskiyyot levav.
'Yatsa' means 'went out' or 'came forth'. 'Mechelev' is a construct of 'me' (from) and 'chelev' meaning 'milk', so 'from milk'. 'Eynemo' means 'his eyes'. 'Avru' is the third‑person plural perfect of 'to pass', thus 'they passed' or 'they went through'. 'Maskiyyot' is the plural of 'maskiyah', a word for 'trap', 'snare' or 'deception'. 'Levav' means 'heart' (literally 'the heart'). The phrase therefore describes something emerging from the milk‑like softness of the eyes and moving past the heart's snares.
[PSA.73.8] They will be silent and speak in evil, in wickedness; from above they will speak. [§]
yamiku viyedabru bera osekh mimmarom yedabru
'yamiku' means 'they will be silent', 'viyedabru' means 'and they will speak', 'bera' means 'in evil', 'osekh' means 'wickedness', 'mimmarom' means 'from uphigh', 'yedabru' means 'they will speak'.
[PSA.73.9] You have placed their mouths in the heavens, and their tongues will walk on the earth. [§]
Shattu bashamayim pihem uleshonam tihelech baaretz.
'Shattu' means 'you have placed' (2nd person plural perfect of the verb 'to set'), 'bashamayim' means 'in the heavens', 'pihem' means 'their mouth', 'uleshonam' means 'and their tongue', 'tihelech' means 'will walk' (future third person masculine singular of 'to walk'), 'baaretz' means 'on the earth'.
[PSA.73.10] Therefore he will cause his people to sit in terror, and full waters will be broken for them. [§]
Lachen yashiv amo halom u-mei male yimmatsu lamo.
'lachen' means 'therefore', 'yashiv' means 'he will cause to sit', 'amo' means 'his people', 'halom' means 'terror', 'umei' means 'and waters', 'male' means 'full', 'yimmatsu' means 'they will be broken', 'lamo' means 'for them'.
[PSA.73.11] And they said, Where does God know? And there is knowledge in the Most High. [§]
veamaru eikha yadael veyesh dea beelyon
'veamaru' means 'and they said', 'eikha' means 'where', 'yadael' is a compound of 'yada' (to know) and 'El' (God), so it means 'God knows', 'veyesh' means 'and there is', 'dea' means 'knowledge', 'beelyon' means 'in the Most High'. The name 'El' is rendered literally as 'God' according to the translation rule.
[PSA.73.12] Behold these wicked and the eternally idle have broken strength. [§]
Hinneh-elleh resha'im ve-shalvei olam hisgu chayil.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'elleh' means 'these', 'resha'im' means 'wicked (plural)', 've' means 'and', 'shalvei' means 'the idle (plural)', 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'eternal', together 'shalvei olam' means 'the eternally idle', 'hisgu' means 'they have broken' or 'they have shattered', 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'might'.
[PSA.73.13] But empty I have guarded my heart, and I washed my hands in purity. [§]
ach riq zichiti levavi va'erchatz benikayon kappai.
'ach' means 'only' or 'but', 'riq' means 'empty' or 'vain', together 'ach riq' conveys 'only in emptiness' or 'but empty'. 'zichiti' is the first person perfect of 'zachah' meaning 'I have guarded' or 'I have kept'. 'levavi' means 'my heart' (the suffix -i marks first person singular). 'va'erchatz' is the conjunction 'and' plus the verb 'erchatz' meaning 'I washed'. 'benikayon' is a construct of the noun 'nikayon' meaning 'purity' with the preposition 'in', thus 'in purity' or 'in cleansing'. 'kappai' is 'my hands' (kaf = hand, -ai = my).
[PSA.73.14] And I was troubled all day and I was rebuked by the cattle. [§]
va-eh-i na-goo-ah kol ha-yoam ve-toh-kach-tee lah-be-ka-rim.
'va' means 'and', 'eh-i' means 'I was', 'na-goo-ah' means 'troubled' or 'distressed', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-yoam' means 'the day', 've' means 'and', 'toh-kach-tee' means 'I was rebuked' or 'I was chided', 'lah-be-ka-rim' means 'by the cattle'.
[PSA.73.15] If I say I will count, as behold a generation of your sons I have betrayed. [§]
Im-amarati asap'ra kemo hineh dor banecha bagadti.
'Im' means 'if', 'amarati' means 'I say' (first person singular), 'asap'ra' means 'I will count', 'kemo' means 'like' or 'as', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'dor' means 'generation', 'banecha' means 'your sons', 'bagadti' means 'I have betrayed'.
[PSA.73.16] I will consider to know this: toil is in my sight. [§]
Va'achashveha lada'at zot amal hi be'einai.
'Va'achashveha' means 'I will consider' (the prefix 'va' = and, 'achashve' = I think), 'lada'at' means 'to know', 'zot' means 'this', 'amal' means 'toil' or 'labor', 'hi' means 'it is', 'be'einai' means 'in my eyes' or 'in my sight'.
[PSA.73.17] Until I go to the sanctuaries of God, I will see their end. [§]
ad-avo el-mikdeshei-el avina le'achiratam.
"ad" means "until", "avo" means "I will come/go", "el" means "to", "mikdeshei" means "sanctuaries of", the second "el" is the divine name and is translated as "God", "avina" means "I will see/understand", "le'achiratam" means "their end" or "their latter part".
[PSA.73.18] Only in portions you set for them; you have cast them into burdens. [§]
Ach baḥalakot tashit lamoh hifaltam lemashuot.
'Ach' means 'only', 'baḥalakot' means 'in portions' or 'by shares', 'tashit' means 'you will place' or 'you shall set', 'lamoh' means 'for them', 'hifaltam' means 'you have cast them down' or 'you have thrown them', 'lemashuot' means 'into burdens' or 'to weighty matters'.
[PSA.73.19] How they were for the name like a foot, they ended and were completed from the .... [§]
Eich hayu le-shama kereg'a sapu tammu min-ballahot.
'Eich' means 'how'. 'Hayu' means 'they were' (3rd person masculine plural of 'to be'). 'Le-shama' means 'for the name' (literally 'to the name'). 'Kereg'a' means 'like a foot' or 'as a leg', a measure of distance. 'Sapu' means 'they ended' or 'they were finished'. 'Tammu' means 'they were completed' or 'they finished'. 'Min-ballahot' means 'from the ...' where 'ballahot' is an obscure term that may refer to 'waste' or 'ruins'.
[PSA.73.20] Like a dream from waking, O my Lord, in the city you will despise their image. [§]
kahalom mehaqitz Adonai bair tzalmam tivzeh.
'kahalom' means 'like a dream', 'mehaqitz' means 'from waking' or 'from being awake', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'bair' means 'in the city', 'tzalmam' means 'their image' (an idol or representation), 'tivzeh' means 'you will despise' (future second‑person masculine).
[PSA.73.21] For my heart is inflamed, and my kidneys are burning. [§]
Ki yitchametz levavi vekhilyoti eshtonan.
'Ki' means 'for', 'yitchametz' means 'is inflamed' or 'is heated', 'levavi' means 'my heart', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'khilyoti' means 'my kidneys' (a metaphor for inner parts), 'eshtonan' means 'are burning' or 'are in pain'.
[PSA.73.22] And I was burned, and I do not know; I was among the beasts with you. [§]
va'ani ba'ar ve'lo eda behemot hayiti imakh.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'ba'ar' is the verb root for 'burn' in the perfect form meaning 'I was burned' or 'I am a burning one', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'eda' means 'I know', so 've'lo eda' = 'and I do not know', 'behemot' means 'beasts' or 'animals', 'hayiti' means 'I was', and 'imakh' means 'with you'.
[PSA.73.23] And I am always with you, I have held you in my right hand. [§]
va'ani tamid imach achazta be-yad yemini.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'tamid' means 'always', 'imach' means 'with you', 'achazta' means 'I have held' (or 'I seized'), 'be-yad' means 'in the hand', 'yemini' means 'my right'.
[PSA.73.24] Guide me in your counsel, and after honor you will take me. [§]
Ba'atsatekha tancheni ve'achar kavod tiqqheni.
'Ba'atsatekha' means 'in your counsel', 'tancheni' means 'guide me', 've'achar' means 'and after', 'kavod' means 'honor', 'tiqqheni' means 'you will take me' or 'you will receive me'.
[PSA.73.25] Who is mine in the heavens, and with you I have not desired on the earth. [§]
Mi-li ba-sha-ma-yim ve-im-me-kha lo cha-fat-si ba-a-rets.
'Mi' means 'who', 'li' means 'to me' or 'mine', 'ba-shamayim' means 'in the heavens', 've' means 'and', 'immekha' means 'with you', 'lo' means 'not', 'chafatsati' means 'I desired' or 'I longed for', 'ba-aretz' means 'on the earth'.
[PSA.73.26] All my remnant and my heart, rock of my heart, and my portion is the Gods forever. [§]
kalah sheeri ulevavi tzur-levavi vecheleki Elohim leolam.
'kalah' means 'all', 'sheeri' means 'my remnant', 'ulevavi' means 'and my heart', 'tzur-levavi' means 'rock of my heart', 'vecheleki' means 'and my portion', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'leolam' means 'forever'. The verb 'is' is understood in the Hebrew construction.
[PSA.73.27] For, behold, your distances will perish; you have destroyed every whore from you. [§]
ki hineh rechekecha yoavedu hitsmata kol zoneh mimeka.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'rechekecha' means 'your distances' or 'your far places', 'yoavedu' means 'will be lost' or 'will perish', 'hitsmata' means 'you have destroyed', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'zoneh' means 'whore' or 'prostitute', 'mimeka' means 'from you' (literally 'from your self').
[PSA.73.28] And I draw near the Gods; it is good for me, I have placed in my Lord Yahveh my refuge to recount all your angels. [§]
Va'ani kirbat Elohim li-tov shatti ba'adoni Yahveh machsi le-saper kol-malachotecha.
'Va'ani' means 'and I'; 'kirbat' means 'draw near' or 'closeness'; 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'; 'li-tov' means 'good for me'; 'shatti' means 'I have placed' or 'I set'; 'ba'adoni' means 'in my Lord' (Adoni = my Lord); 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH; 'machsi' means 'my refuge'; 'le-saper' means 'to tell' or 'to recount'; 'kol' means 'all'; 'malachotecha' means 'your angels'.
PSA.74
[PSA.74.1] Instruction of Asaph: Why, the Gods, have you cast me aside forever? Your anger will smoke in the flock of your pasture. [§]
Maskil le'Asaf lama Elohim zanakhta lanetzach ye'ashan afkha be-tzon mar'itekh.
'Maskil' means 'instruction' or 'song', 'le'Asaf' means 'of Asaph', 'lama' means 'why', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'zanakhta' means 'you have abandoned' or 'you have cast aside', 'lanetzach' means 'forever', 'ye'ashan' means 'will smoke', 'afkha' means 'your anger', 'be-tzon' means 'in the flock', 'mar'itekh' means 'your pasture'.
[PSA.74.2] Remember your congregation; you bought it of old, you redeemed the tribe of your inheritance; this Mount Zion you have dwelt in. [§]
Zekhor adatkha kanita kedem ga'alta shevet nachalatekha har tziyon zeh shachanta bo.
'Zekhor' means 'Remember', 'adatkha' means 'your congregation', 'kanita' means 'you bought or acquired', 'kedem' means 'of old' or 'from ancient times', 'ga'alta' means 'you redeemed', 'shevet' means 'tribe' or 'staff', 'nachalatekha' means 'your inheritance', 'har tziyon' means 'Mount Zion', 'zeh' means 'this', 'shachanta' means 'you dwelt or settled', 'bo' means 'in it'.
[PSA.74.3] Raise your steps to the burdens of eternity, all evil enemy in the holy. [§]
Harima pe'amekha le-mashu'ot netzach kol-hera oyev ba-kodesh.
'Harima' means 'raise' (imperative), 'pe'amekha' means 'your steps', 'le-mashu'ot' means 'to the burdens', 'netzach' means 'eternity' or 'everlasting', 'kol-hera' means 'all evil', 'oyev' means 'enemy', 'ba-kodesh' means 'in the holy' (referring to the sacred place).
[PSA.74.4] They have gone astray, your strongholds, in the midst of your appointed season; they have set their signs as signs. [§]
Shagu tzorrekha bekerev moadekha samu ototam otot.
'Shagu' means 'they have gone astray', 'tzorrekha' means 'your strongholds' or 'your fortified places', 'bekerev' means 'in the midst', 'moadekha' means 'your appointed season' or 'your set time', 'samu' means 'they have placed' or 'they set', 'ototam' means 'their signs' or 'their symbols', 'otot' means 'signs' or 'markers'.
[PSA.74.5] He will know like one who brings up a crimson tree on the fence. [§]
yivda kemeviy lemaalah bisavach-ets kardummot.
'yivda' means 'he will know', 'kemeviy' means 'like one who brings', 'lemaalah' means 'upward' or 'to the top', 'bisavach' means 'in the fence' or 'on the fence', 'ets' means 'tree', 'kardummot' means 'crimson' (a deep red color).
[PSA.74.6] And now its openings together in confusion and coverings they will be hidden. [§]
Ve'atta pittucheha yachad b'kashil vechelpot yahalomun.
'Ve'atta' means 'and now', 'pittucheha' means 'its openings' (pittuch = opening, -ha = its), 'yachad' means 'together', 'b'kashil' means 'in confusion' (kashil from the root meaning to be perplexed), 'vechelpot' means 'and coverings' (chelpot from the root for wrapping or garment), 'yahalomun' means 'they will be hidden' (ya- = third‑person plural imperfect prefix, halom = to hide).
[PSA.74.7] Send your sanctuary in fire to the earth; defile the dwelling of your name. [§]
Shilchu ba'esh mikdasekha la'aretz chil'lu mishkan-shemkha.
'Shilchu' means 'send' (imperative plural), 'ba'esh' means 'in fire', 'mikdasekha' means 'your sanctuary' (mikdash = sanctuary, -kha = your), 'la'aretz' means 'to the earth', 'chil'lu' means 'defile' (imperative plural), 'mishkan-shemkha' means 'the dwelling of your name' (mishkan = dwelling, shem = name, -kha = your). The pronoun 'your' refers to God.
[PSA.74.8] They said in their hearts, 'We will act together', and they burned all the festivals of God in the land. [§]
Amru belivam ninam yachad sarfu kol-moadai El baaretz.
'Amru' means 'they said', 'belivam' means 'in their heart', 'ninam' means 'together', 'yachad' also means 'together', 'sarfu' means 'they burned', 'kol' means 'all', 'moadai' means 'appointed times or festivals', 'El' means 'God', 'baaretz' means 'in the land'.
[PSA.74.9] We have not seen our signs; there is no longer a prophet, and we have not known how far. [§]
Ototenu lo rainu ein od nabi ve'lo itanu yodea ad ma.
"Ototenu" means "our signs", "lo" means "not", "rainu" means "we have seen", "ein" means "there is no", "od" means "anymore", "nabi" means "prophet", "ve'lo" means "and not", "itanu" means "we have known", "yodea" means "knowing", "ad" means "how far", "ma" means "it is".
[PSA.74.10] Until when will the Gods mock the adversary, will the enemy be humbled your name forever. [§]
ad matay elohim yecharref tzar yenaetz oyeb shimkha lanetzach.
'ad' means 'until', 'matay' means 'when', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yecharref' means 'will mock' or 'will despise', 'tzar' means 'adversary' or 'enemy', 'yenaetz' means 'will be broken' or 'will be humbled', 'oyeb' means 'enemy', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'lanetzach' means 'forever'.
[PSA.74.11] Why do you turn back your hand and your right hand from the midst of your decree, it is finished. [§]
Lama tashiv yadeka viminake mikerev chekeka kaleh.
'Lama' means 'why', 'tashiv' means 'you turn back' or 'you return', 'yadeka' means 'your hand', 'viminake' means 'and your right (hand)', 'mikerev' means 'from the midst' or 'from the middle', 'chekeka' (from חֵקְךָ) means 'your decree' or 'your law', 'kaleh' means 'it is finished' or 'it is ended'.
[PSA.74.12] And the Gods, my king, from before, the doer of saviors in the midst of the earth. [§]
VeElohim Malchi Miqedem Po'el Yeshuot Beqereb Haaretz.
'VeElohim' means 'and the Gods', 'Malchi' means 'my king', 'Miqedem' means 'from before' (or 'of old'), 'Po'el' means 'doer', 'Yeshuot' means 'saviors' or 'salvations', 'Beqereb' means 'in the midst of', 'Haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.74.13] You broke the sea with your strength; you shattered the heads of sea monsters over the waters. [§]
Attah porarta be'azkha yam shibarta rasei taninim al ha-mayim.
'Attah' means 'you'. 'porarta' means 'you broke forth' or 'you split'. 'be'azkha' means 'with your strength' (az = strength, -kha = your). 'yam' means 'sea'. 'shibarta' means 'you shattered' or 'you broke'. 'rasei' means 'heads of' (head plural construct). 'taninim' means 'sea monsters' or 'sea serpents'. 'al' means 'upon' or 'over'. 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters'.
[PSA.74.14] You have crushed the heads of Leviathan; you will give it food for the people, for the birds. [§]
Attah ritzatzta rasei Livyatan titenennu maachal le'am le'tziyyim.
'Attah' means 'you', 'ritzatzta' means 'you have crushed' or 'broken', 'rasei' means 'heads of' (construct form), 'Livyatan' is the proper name 'Leviathan', 'titenennu' means 'you will give it', 'maachal' means 'food', 'le'am' means 'to the people', 'le'tziyyim' means 'to the birds'.
[PSA.74.15] Yahveh you burst forth a spring and a river; Yahveh you made the mighty rivers gush. [§]
atah baqa'ta ma'yan vanachal atah havashta naharot eitan.
'atah' means 'you' (singular masculine), referring to God; 'baqa'ta' means 'you have broken forth' or 'you have caused to spring'; 'ma'yan' means 'spring' (a source of water); 'vanachal' means 'and a river' or 'and a stream'; the second 'atah' again means 'you'; 'havashta' means 'you have made (it) gush' or 'you have caused to rush'; 'naharot' means 'rivers' or 'streams'; 'eitan' means 'strong' or 'mighty'. The verse addresses God, saying that He caused a spring and a river to burst forth, and He made the mighty rivers flow swiftly.
[PSA.74.16] To you is the day, also to you is the night; you have prepared light and sun. [§]
Lecha yom af-lecha layla atah hachinota maor vashamesh.
'Lecha' means 'to you', 'yom' means 'day', 'af-' means 'also' or 'even', 'layla' means 'night', 'atah' means 'you', 'hachinota' means 'you have prepared', 'maor' means 'light', 'vashamesh' means 'and sun'.
[PSA.74.17] You have set all the borders of the earth, summer and winter; you created them. [§]
Ata hitzavta kol-gebulot aretz kayitz vachoref ata yetzartam.
'Ata' means 'you' (addressing God). 'hitzavta' means 'you have set' or 'established'. 'kol' means 'all'. 'gebulot' means 'borders' or 'boundaries'. 'aretz' means 'earth' or 'land'. 'kayitz' means 'summer'. 'vachoref' means 'and winter' (or 'the heat'). 'yetzartam' means 'you created them' or 'you formed them'.
[PSA.74.18] Remember this, an enemy scornful of Yahveh and a foolish people have despised your name. [§]
Zekhar zot Oyev cheref Yahveh ve am naval niatzu shemekh.
'Zekhar' means 'remember', 'zot' means 'this', 'Oyev' means 'enemy', 'cheref' means 'scornful' or 'despising', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'am' means 'people', 'naval' means 'foolish', 'niatzu' means 'have despised' or 'have held in contempt', 'shemekh' means 'your name'.
[PSA.74.19] Do not give your law to the life of a soul; do not forget the life of your poor forever. [§]
Al-titten lechayat nefesh torcha chayat aniyekha al-tishkakh lanetzach.
'Al' means 'do not', 'titten' means 'you shall give', 'le' means 'to', 'chayat' means 'life (of)', 'nefesh' means 'soul', 'torcha' means 'your law/instruction', the second 'chayat' again means 'life (of)', 'aniyekha' means 'your poor (people)', the second 'al' again means 'do not', 'tishkakh' means 'you shall forget', and 'lanetzach' means 'forever' or 'for eternity'.
[PSA.74.20] Look at the covenant, for the darkness of the earth is filled with plagues of violence. [§]
habbet labrit ki malu machashke eretz neot chamas.
'habbet' means 'look!' (imperative). 'labrit' means 'to the covenant'. 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'. 'malu' means 'they have filled'. 'machashke eretz' means 'the darkness of the earth' (dark places of the earth). 'neot' means 'plagues' or 'disasters'. 'chamas' means 'violence' or 'wickedness'.
[PSA.74.21] Do not let the poor and needy be silenced; they will praise your name. [§]
Al-yeshuv dach nichlam ani ve-evyon yehalelu shemekha.
'Al' means 'do not', 'yeshuv' means 'let return' or 'let be', 'dach' means 'silence' or 'stillness', 'nichlam' means 'they be destroyed' or 'they be put to death', 'ani' means 'poor', 've' means 'and', 'evyon' means 'needy' or 'destitute', 'yehalelu' means 'will praise', 'shemekha' means 'your name'.
[PSA.74.22] Arise, the Gods, contend your dispute; remember your humiliation from my folly all day. [§]
Kuma Elohim ribah ribekha zekhor cherpat'kha mini-naval kol-hayom.
'Kuma' means 'Arise', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ribah' means 'contend' (imperative), 'ribekha' means 'your dispute' or 'your contention', 'zekhor' means 'remember' (imperative), 'cherpat'kha' means 'your humiliation' or 'your insult', 'mini-naval' means 'from my folly' (mini = from my, naval = foolishness), 'kol-hayom' means 'all day' or 'the whole day'.
[PSA.74.23] Do not forget the voice of your oppressors, the sound of your ascent that rises always. [§]
Al-tishkach kol tzorer'echa shaon kam'echa oleh tamid.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tishkach' means 'you forget', 'kol' means 'the voice', 'tzorer'echa' means 'of your oppressors', 'shaon' means 'the sound' or 'the cry', 'kam'echa' means 'of your rising/ascending', 'oleh' means 'goes up' or 'rises', 'tamid' means 'always' or 'continually'.
PSA.75
[PSA.75.1] To the chief musician, do not spoil, a psalm of Asaph, a song. [§]
Lamenatzeach al-tashchet mizmor le'Asaf shir.
'Lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician' (or 'for the director of music'), 'al-tashchet' is a negative imperative meaning 'do not spoil' or 'do not destroy', 'mizmor' means 'a psalm' or 'a hymn', 'le'Asaf' means 'for Asaph' (a temple singer), and 'shir' means 'song'.
[PSA.75.2] Let us give thanks to you, the Gods; let us give thanks and draw near your name, recount your wonders. [§]
Hodinu lekha Elohim hodinu veqarov shemecha sifru niflotecha.
'Hodinu' means 'let us give thanks', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', the second 'hodinu' repeats 'let us give thanks', 'veqarov' means 'and draw near', 'shmecha' means 'your name', 'sifru' means 'count' or 'recount', 'niflotecha' means 'your wonders'.
[PSA.75.3] For I will take a covenant; I, the righteous, will judge. [§]
Ki ekach moed ani meisharim eshpot.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ekach' means 'I will take', 'moed' means 'covenant' or 'appointed time', 'ani' means 'I', 'meisharim' means 'the righteous' (plural), 'eshpot' means 'I will judge'.
[PSA.75.4] Shaking the earth and all its dwellers, I have prepared its pillars, Selah. [§]
Nemogim eretz vechol yoshveha anochi tikkanti amudeha selah.
'Nemogim' means 'shaking' or 'trembling', 'eretz' means 'earth', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'yoshveha' means 'her dwellers' (those who reside in it), 'anochi' means 'I', 'tikkanti' means 'I have prepared' or 'I have set', 'amudeha' means 'its pillars', and 'selah' is a musical/poetic pause marking the end of the line.
[PSA.75.5] I said to the scoffers, do not boast, and to the wicked, do not lift up a horn. [§]
Amarti lahol'lim al taholu ve-larsha'im al tarimu qeren.
'Amarti' means 'I said', 'lahol'lim' means 'to the scoffers', 'al' is a negation meaning 'do not', 'taholu' means 'be arrogant' or 'boast', 've' means 'and', 'larsha'im' means 'to the wicked', 'tarimu' means 'raise' or 'lift up', 'qeren' means 'horn' (a symbol of pride or power).
[PSA.75.6] Do not raise your horns to the heights; speak in a harsh, snarling voice. [§]
Al tarimu lamarron karnechem tedabru be-tsavvar atak.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tarimu' means 'you (plural) raise', 'lamarron' means 'to the height' or 'upward', 'karnechem' means 'your horns', 'tedabru' means 'you (plural) speak', 'be-tsavvar' means 'in a snarling or scabbed manner' (an idiom for harsh speech), 'atak' means 'hard' or 'rough', together forming an idiom for speaking harshly or arrogantly.
[PSA.75.7] Because not from the east or from the west, nor from the desert of the mountains. [§]
Ki lo mimmotsa u-mimaarav ve-lo mi-midbar ha-ramim.
'Ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'mimmotsa' means 'from the east' (mim- meaning 'from' + mutsa meaning 'east'), 'u-mimaarav' means 'and from the west' (u- 'and' + mimaarav 'from the west'), 've-lo' means 'and not', 'mi-midbar' means 'from the desert' (mi- 'from' + midbar 'desert'), 'ha-ramim' means 'the mountains' (ha- the definite article + ramim 'mountains').
[PSA.75.8] For the Gods judge: this one will humble, and this one will lift up. [§]
Ki Elohim shofet zeh yashpil ve zeh yarim.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'shofet' means 'judge' or 'rules over', 'zeh' means 'this one', 'yashpil' means 'will bring low' or 'humble', 've' means 'and', the second 'zeh' again means 'this one', and 'yarim' means 'will lift up' or 'exalt'.
[PSA.75.9] For a cup is in the hand of Yahveh, and fermented wine is full of the covering, and from this only its keepers will find to drink all the wicked of the earth. [§]
Ki kos be yad Yahveh ve-yayin chamer malei mesekh vayager mizeh akh-shemareha yimtzu yishtu kol rish'ei aretz.
'Ki' means 'for', 'kos' means 'cup', 'be' means 'in', 'yad' means 'hand', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 've-yayin' means 'and wine', 'chamer' means 'fermented', 'malei' means 'full', 'mesekh' means 'covering' or 'curtain', 'vayager' means 'and it will be drawn' or 'will go out', 'mizeh' means 'from this', 'akh' means 'only', 'shemareha' means 'its keepers' or 'those who guard it', 'yimtzu' means 'they will find', 'yishtu' means 'they will drink', 'kol' means 'all', 'rish'ei' means 'wicked' (literally 'who are guilty'), 'aretz' means 'earth'.
[PSA.75.10] And I will proclaim forever, I will sing to the God of Jacob. [§]
Va'ani aggid le'olam azammera leElohei Yaakov.
'Va'ani' means 'and I', 'aggid' means 'will proclaim', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'azammera' means 'I will sing', 'leElohei' means 'to the God of', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob'.
[PSA.75.11] And I will cut off the horns of the wicked, and I will raise up the horns of the righteous. [§]
Vechol karnay resha'im agaddea teromamna karnot tzaddik.
'Vechol' means 'and all', 'karnay' means 'horns of', 'resha'im' means 'the wicked', 'agaddea' (from the root *g-d-') means 'I will cut off' or 'I will break', 'teromamna' (from the root *r-m-m) means 'I will raise' or 'I will lift up', 'karnot' means 'horns', 'tzaddik' means 'the righteous'.
PSA.76
[PSA.76.1] To the choirmaster with stringed instruments, a psalm of Asaph, a song. [§]
Lamnatzeach bin ginot, mizmor le Asaf shir.
'Lamnatzeach' means 'to the choirmaster', 'bin ginot' means 'with stringed instruments', 'mizmor' means 'a psalm', 'le Asaf' means 'of Asaph', 'shir' means 'song'.
[PSA.76.2] Known in Judah the Gods in Israel great his name. [§]
Noda beYehudah Elohim beYisrael gadol shmo.
'Noda' means 'known', 'beYehudah' means 'in Judah', 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods' (plural), 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 'gadol' means 'great', and 'shmo' means 'his name'.
[PSA.76.3] And his tabernacle was in peace, and his dwelling was in Zion. [§]
Vayehi beshalem sucho umeonato betzion.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'beshalem' means 'in peace', 'sucho' means 'his tabernacle', 'umeonato' means 'and his dwelling', 'betzion' means 'in Zion'.
[PSA.76.4] There the iron clasps are broken, shield and sword and war, pause. [§]
shamma shivar rishpei kashet magen vecher ev milchamah selah.
'shamma' means 'there', 'shivar' means 'breaks' or 'is broken', 'rishpei' means 'the clasps' (of), 'kashet' means 'iron', 'magen' means 'shield', 'vecher' means 'and sword', 'milchamah' means 'war' or 'battle', 'selah' is a liturgical term indicating a pause or musical interlude.
[PSA.76.5] Radiant, you are mighty from the mountain heights of prey. [§]
Na'or atah adir meharei-taref.
'Na'or' means 'radiant' or 'shining', 'atah' means 'you', 'adir' means 'mighty', 'me' means 'from', 'harrei' means 'the mountains of', 'taref' means 'prey' or 'hunted game'.
[PSA.76.6] We shall act foolishly, brave‑hearted; their years are humbled, and they did not find any of the mighty men’s hands. [§]
Eshtol'lu abirei lev namu shenatam velo-matzu kol-anosh-chayil yedeihem.
'Eshtol'lu' means 'we will act foolishly' (first person plural of the verb 'to act foolish'). 'abirei lev' means 'brave-hearted' or 'mighty of heart' (literally 'heroes of heart'). 'namu' means 'they are humbled' or 'they have become weak'. 'shenatam' means 'their years' (literally 'their age'). 'velo-matzu' means 'and they did not find'. 'kol-anosh-chayil' means 'all men of valor' or 'all powerful persons' (literally 'all men of strength'). 'yedeihem' means 'their hands'.
[PSA.76.7] From your oppression, the Gods of Jacob are sleeping, and chariot and horse. [§]
Miggaarecha Elohei Yaakov nirdam ve-rechev va-sus.
'Miggaarecha' means 'from your oppression' (the noun derived from the root meaning to press or crush). 'Elohei' is the plural form of the name El and is rendered here as 'the Gods'. 'Yaakov' is a proper name, Jacob, so 'Elohei Yaakov' means 'the Gods of Jacob'. 'nirdam' is a verb meaning 'is/are sleeping' or 'lies in slumber'. 've-rechev' means 'and chariot' or 'and carriage'. 'va-sus' means 'and horse'.
[PSA.76.8] You are awe‑inspiring, you; and who can stand before you since your anger? [§]
Attah norah attah u-mi ya'amod lefanekha me'az apekha.
'Attah' means 'you', 'norah' means 'awesome' or 'awe‑inspiring', 'u' means 'and', 'mi' means 'who', 'ya'amod' means 'will stand', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'me'az' means 'since' or 'from the time of', 'apekha' means 'your anger'.
[PSA.76.9] From the heavens you have heard judgment, the earth feared and was silent. [§]
Mi-shamayim hi-shma'ta din eretz yare'ah ve-shaqatah.
'Mi-shamayim' means 'from the heavens', 'hi-shma'ta' means 'you have heard', 'din' means 'judgment', 'eretz' means 'the earth', 'yare'ah' means 'feared' or 'was afraid', 've-shaqatah' means 'and was silent'.
[PSA.76.10] Arise for judgment, the Gods, to save all the meek of the earth. Selah. [§]
Bequm lamishpat Elohim lehoshia kol anvei eretz Selah.
'Bequm' means 'Arise', 'lamishpat' means 'for judgment', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lehoshia' means 'to save' or 'to deliver', 'kol' means 'all', 'anvei' is the construct form of 'anav' meaning 'the meek' or 'the humble', 'eretz' means 'the earth' or 'the land', and 'Selah' is a liturgical term often left untranslated.
[PSA.76.11] Because you will thank man's wrath, you will gird the remaining wraths. [§]
ki chamat adam todeka she'erit chemot tahgor.
'ki' means 'because', 'chamat' means 'wrath' (feminine singular), 'adam' means 'man' or 'human', 'todeka' is the future verb 'you will thank' (2nd person masculine singular), 'she'erit' means 'the remainder' or 'the rest', 'chemot' means 'wraths' (plural), and 'tahgor' is the future verb 'you will gird' or 'you will bind'.
[PSA.76.12] Be ready and pay to Yahveh your Gods; all around them they will cast a heap for the terror. [§]
Nidru ve-shalemu laYahveh Eloheichem kol-seviva yovilu shai lamora.
'Nidru' means 'be ready', 've-shalemu' means 'and pay', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'Eloheichem' means 'your Gods', 'kol-seviva' means 'all around them', 'yovilu' means 'they will cast', 'shai' means 'a heap' or 'a pile', 'lamora' means 'for the terror' or 'to the fear'.
[PSA.76.13] He crushes the wind of the leaders, terrifying to the kings of the earth. [§]
Yivtzoor ruach neggidim nora lemalchei aretz.
'Yivtzoor' means 'he crushes', 'ruach' means 'wind' or 'spirit', 'neggidim' means 'leaders' or 'commanders', 'nora' means 'awesome' or 'terrible', 'lemalchei' means 'to the kings', 'aretz' means 'earth' or 'the world'.
PSA.77
[PSA.77.1] To the choirmaster: upon Jeduthun, a Psalm of Asaph. [§]
lamenatseach al yedithun le Asaf mizmor.
'lamenatseach' means 'to the choirmaster', 'al' means 'upon', 'yedithun' is a proper name referring to the temple musician Jeduthun, 'le' means 'of', 'Asaf' is the name of the psalmist, and 'mizmor' means 'a song' or 'psalm'.
[PSA.77.2] My voice to the Gods, and I cry out; my voice to the Gods, and hear me. [§]
Koli el Elohim ve'etzaqah, koli el Elohim ve'hazin elai.
'Koli' means 'my voice' or 'my cry', 'el' means 'to', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 've'etzaqah' means 'and I will cry out', the second 'koli' again means 'my voice', the second 'el' again means 'to', the second 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 've'hazin' means 'and (He) will hear' or 'and listen', and 'elai' means 'to me'.
[PSA.77.3] In the day of my distress my Lord I sought my hand night I was shut in and not found away from me comforted my soul. [§]
Be-yom tzarati Adonai darashti yadi layla niggra ve'lo tapug me'ana hinachem nafshi.
'Be-yom' means 'in the day', 'tzarati' means 'my distress', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'darashti' means 'I sought', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'layla' means 'night', 'niggra' means 'I was shut in' (or 'I was covered'), 've'lo' means 'and not', 'tapug' means 'found' or 'escaped', 'me'ana' means 'from it' (or 'away from me'), 'hinachem' means 'comforted', 'nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[PSA.77.4] I will remember the Gods and I will speak, and ... my spirit, Selah. [§]
Ezkera Elohim ve'ehmayah ashichah vetita'atef ruchi selah.
'Ezkera' means 'I will remember', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 've'ehmayah' is a uncertain form likely meaning 'and I will ...', 'ashichah' means 'I will speak', 'vetita'atef' means 'and ... will be', 'ruchi' means 'my spirit', 'selah' is a liturgical term meaning 'pause' or 'halt'.
[PSA.77.5] You have seized the guards of my eyes; I am inflamed and I will not speak. [§]
achazta shmurot einai nifamti velo adabber.
'achazta' means 'you have seized/held', 'shmurot' means 'guards' (plural), 'einai' means 'my eyes', 'nifamti' means 'I am inflamed/angry', 'velo' means 'and not', 'adabber' means 'I will speak'.
[PSA.77.6] I have counted days from before, years of worlds. [§]
chishavti yamim miqedem shnot olamim.
'chishavti' means 'I have counted', 'yamim' means 'days', 'miqedem' means 'from before' or 'previously', 'shnot' means 'years', 'olamim' means 'worlds' or 'ages'.
[PSA.77.7] I will remember my music at night with my heart I will speak and my spirit seeks. [§]
Ezkerah neginati ballyla im levavi ashicha vaychafes ruchi.
'Ezkerah' means 'I will remember', 'neginati' means 'my music', 'ballyla' means 'at night', 'im levavi' means 'with my heart', 'ashicha' means 'I will speak', 'vaychafes' means 'and (my) spirit seeks', 'ruchi' means 'my spirit'.
[PSA.77.8] The worlds will reject my Lord and will not desire again. [§]
Ha-alomim yiznach Adonai ve'lo yosef lirrotz od.
'Ha-alomim' means 'the worlds' (i.e., the created order). 'Yiznach' means 'will reject' or 'will abandon'. 'Adonai' means 'my Lord' (the name of God). 'Ve'lo' means 'and will not'. 'Yosef' means 'add' or 'increase'. 'Lirrotz' means 'to desire' or 'to will'. 'Od' means 'again' or 'more'. The phrase as a whole expresses that the created order will turn away from the Lord and will no longer have desire for more.
[PSA.77.9] He covered forever his kindness, a bitter saying to generation after generation. [§]
he'apes lanetzach chasdo gamar omer lador vador
'he'apes' means 'He covered', 'lanetzach' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his kindness' (referring to the kindness of God), 'gamar' means 'is bitter', 'omer' means 'saying' or 'utterance', 'lador' means 'to a generation', and 'vador' means 'and a generation' (together indicating 'to generation after generation').
[PSA.77.10] Has forgotten the grace of God if he leaps in anger, his mercies. Selah. [§]
hashachach chanot el im-kaftz be'af rachamav selah.
'hashachach' means 'has forgotten', 'chanot' means 'grace' or 'favor', 'el' means 'God', 'im' means 'if', 'kaftz' means 'leap' or 'jump', 'be'af' means 'in anger' or 'with anger', 'rachamav' means 'his mercies', 'selah' is a liturgical term meaning 'pause' or 'stop'.
[PSA.77.11] And I said, I am humbled; she is the years of the right hand of the Most High. [§]
Va'omar chaloti hi shnot yemin elyon.
'Va'omar' means 'and I said', 'chaloti' comes from the root chal meaning 'to be weak or humbled', so it is rendered 'I am humbled', 'hi' means 'she', 'shnot' means 'years', 'yemin' means 'right hand' or 'right side', and 'elyon' is a title meaning 'Most High', often used for God.
[PSA.77.12] I will remember the deeds of Yah, for I will remember your wonders from long ago. [§]
Ezkor ma'allei-Yah ki ezkera mikedem pilekha.
'Ezkor' means 'I will remember', 'ma'allei' means 'the deeds or wonders', 'Yah' is a shortened form of YHVH and is translated as 'Yah', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ezkera' means 'I will remember', 'mikedem' means 'from before' or 'long ago', 'pilekha' means 'your wonders'.
[PSA.77.13] And I will laugh at all your deeds, and I will speak of your wicked acts. [§]
Ve hagiti bechol paolekha u vaalilotkha ashicha.
'Ve' means 'and', 'hagiti' means 'I will laugh', 'bechol' means 'in all' or 'at all', 'paolekha' means 'your works/deeds', 'u' means 'and', 'vaalilotkha' means 'your wicked deeds/evil acts', 'ashicha' means 'I will speak' or 'I will converse'.
[PSA.77.14] The Gods in the holy, your way; who is a great God like the Gods. [§]
Elohim ba-kodesh darchecha mi-El gadol ke-Elohim.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ba-kodesh' means 'in the holy (place)', 'darchecha' means 'your way', 'mi-El' means 'who is God', 'gadol' means 'great', 'ke-Elohim' means 'like the Gods'.
[PSA.77.15] You the God who does wonders have shown your strength among the peoples. [§]
Attah ha'el oseh pele hodaat ba'amim uzzecha.
'Attah' means 'you', 'ha'el' means 'the God', 'oseh' means 'who does' or 'does', 'pele' means 'wonder' or 'miracle', 'hodaat' means 'you have shown', 'ba'amim' means 'among the peoples', 'uzzecha' means 'your strength'.
[PSA.77.16] You have redeemed with the arm your people, the sons of Jacob and Joseph, Selah. [§]
Gaalta bizzroa amekha b'nei Yaakov v'Yosef sela.
'Gaalta' means 'you have redeemed', 'bizzroa' means 'with the arm (of strength)', 'amekha' means 'your people', 'b'nei Yaakov' means 'the sons of Jacob', 'v'Yosef' means 'and Joseph', and 'sela' is a liturgical musical pause often rendered as 'Selah'.
[PSA.77.17] See, O waters, the Gods; see, O waters, they will be terrified, even they will be angry, the depths. [§]
Ra'ucha mayim Elohim ra'ucha mayim yachilu af yirgazu tehomot.
'Ra'ucha' means 'see' (imperative), 'mayim' means 'waters', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', the second 'ra'ucha' repeats 'see', the second 'mayim' repeats 'waters', 'yachilu' means 'they will be terrified', 'af' means 'even' or 'also', 'yirgazu' means 'they will be angry', and 'tehomot' means 'the depths'.
[PSA.77.18] Waters flow, clouds voice, they give laughter; even your chirps shall go about. [§]
zormu mayim avot qol natnu shechaxim af-chatzatzeikha yithalkhu.
'zormu' means 'they flow' or 'let flow', 'mayim' means 'waters', 'avot' means 'clouds', 'qol' means 'voice' or 'sound', 'natnu' means 'they gave', 'shechaxim' means 'laughter' or 'laughs', 'af' means 'also' or 'even', 'chatzatzeikha' means 'your chirps' (the sound of your birds), 'yithalkhu' means 'they shall walk' or 'they shall go about'.
[PSA.77.19] The voice of your thunder in the whirlwind was illuminated with lightning; the world roared and the earth trembled. [§]
Kol raamkha ba galgal heiru berakim tevel ragzah vatirash haaretz.
'Kol' means 'voice' or 'sound', 'raamkha' means 'your thunder', 'ba' is the preposition 'in', 'galgal' means 'whirlwind' or 'wheel', 'heiru' means 'they shone' or 'were illuminated', 'berakim' means 'with lightning', 'tevel' means 'the world', 'ragzah' means 'roared' or 'shouted', 'vatirash' means 'and it trembled', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.77.20] In the sea your way and your paths in many waters, and your tracks were not known. [§]
ba yam darcheka u shvilcha be mayim rabim ve ickeoteka lo noda'u.
'ba' means 'in', 'yam' means 'sea', 'darcheka' means 'your way', 'u' means 'and', 'shvilcha' means 'your paths', 'be' means 'in', 'mayim' means 'waters', 'rabim' means 'many', 've' means 'and', 'ickeoteka' means 'your tracks', 'lo' means 'not', 'noda'u' means 'were known' (negative).
[PSA.77.21] You led your people like a flock by the hand of Moses and Aaron. [§]
Nachita katsotz'on ammekha be-yad Moshe ve-Aharon.
'Nachita' means 'you led', 'katsotz'on' means 'like a flock or sheep', 'ammekha' means 'your people', 'be-yad' means 'by the hand of', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 've-Aharon' means 'and Aaron'.
PSA.78
[PSA.78.1] Instruction for gathering: Hear, O my people, my teaching; turn your ears to the sayings of my mouth. [§]
maskhil le'asef ha'azina ammi torati hattu aznechem le-imrei pi.
'maskhil' means 'instruction' or 'teaching', 'le'asef' means 'for gathering', 'ha'azina' is the imperative 'listen' or 'hear', 'ammi' means 'my people', 'torati' means 'my teaching' or 'my law', 'hattu' is the plural imperative 'turn' or 'listen', 'aznechem' means 'your ears', 'le-imrei' means 'to the sayings of', 'pi' means 'my mouth'.
[PSA.78.2] I will open with a proverb my mouth; I will bring forth mysteries from ancient times. [§]
Ef'tcha be-mashal pi abiya chidot mini kedem.
'Ef'tcha' means 'I will open', 'be-mashal' means 'as a proverb' or 'with a proverb', 'pi' means 'my mouth', 'abiya' means 'I will bring forth' or 'I will cause to be spoken', 'chidot' means 'paradoxes, riddles, mysteries', 'mini' means 'from me' (from + me), 'kedem' means 'ancient times' or 'the past'.
[PSA.78.3] Which we have heard and known, and our ancestors told us. [§]
Asher shamanu va-nedaa'em va-avoteinu sifru lanu.
'Asher' means 'which' or 'that', 'shamanu' means 'we heard', 'va-nedaa'em' means 'and we have known', 'va-avoteinu' means 'and our ancestors', 'sifru' means 'they told', 'lanu' means 'to us'.
[PSA.78.4] Not will be cut off from their children for a later generation who recount the praises of Yahveh and his strength and his wonders which he has done. [§]
Lo nekhached mibneihem le-dor acharon mesaprim tehilot Yahveh ve-ezuzo ve-nifla'otav asher asah.
'Lo' means 'not', 'nekached' means 'will be excluded' or 'cut off', 'mibneihem' means 'from their children', 'le-dor' means 'for a generation', 'acharon' means 'later' or 'future', 'mesaprim' means 'who recount' or 'who speak of', 'tehilot' means 'praises', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've-ezuzo' means 'and his strength', 've-nifla'otav' means 'and his wonders', 'asher' means 'which', 'asah' means 'he has done'.
[PSA.78.5] And he established a testimony in Jacob, and placed the Torah in Israel, which He commanded our ancestors to inform them to their children. [§]
Vayakem eduth beYaakov veTorah sam beYisrael asher tziva et-Avoteinu lehodiam livnehem.
'Vayakem' means 'and he established', 'eduth' means 'testimony' or 'covenant', 'beYaakov' means 'in Jacob', 'veTorah' means 'and Torah (instruction, law)', 'sam' means 'he placed', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'tziva' means 'He commanded', 'et-Avoteinu' means 'our ancestors', 'lehodiam' means 'to inform them', 'livnehem' means 'to their children'.
[PSA.78.6] For that they may know a later generation, children will be born, will rise up, and will tell to their children. [§]
Lema'an yedu dor acharon banim yivaledu yakumu visapru livnehem.
'Lema'an' means 'for the purpose that', 'yedu' means 'they may know', 'dor' means 'generation', 'acharon' means 'later' or 'last', 'banim' means 'children', 'yivaledu' means 'will be born', 'yakumu' means 'will arise', 'visapru' means 'will tell', 'livnehem' means 'to their children'.
[PSA.78.7] And they will set the Gods as their covering, and they will not forget the deeds of God, and they will keep his commandments. [§]
ve yashimu beelohim kislam velo yishkhu ma'allei el u mitzvotav yinetsru.
've' means 'and', 'yashimu' means 'they will place', 'beelohim' means 'in the Gods' (Elohim translated as the Gods), 'kislam' means 'their covering', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yishkhu' means 'they will forget' (negated), 'ma'allei' means 'deeds of', 'el' means 'God' (El translated as God), 'u' means 'and', 'mitzvotav' means 'his commandments', 'yinetsru' means 'they will keep'.
[PSA.78.8] And they will not be like their fathers, a generation deceiver and perverse, a generation that has not prepared its heart, and has not been faithful to the God of his spirit. [§]
Ve lo yihyu ka'avotam dor sorer umoreh dor lo-hechin libo ve lo ne'emanah et El rucho.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yihyu' means 'they will be', 'ka'avotam' means 'like their fathers', 'dor' means 'generation', 'sorer' means 'deceiver', 'umoreh' means 'and perverse', 'lo-hechin' means 'has not prepared', 'libo' means 'its heart', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'ne'emanah' means 'faithful', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'El' means 'God', 'rucho' means 'of his spirit'.
[PSA.78.9] The sons of Ephraim, those who kiss the heights of the bow, turned over on the day of battle. [§]
B'nei-Ephraim noshekei romei-kashet haphchu be-yom krav.
'B'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Ephraim' is a proper name, 'noshekei' (from nashak) means 'those who kiss', 'romei' (from ram) means 'of the heights', 'kashet' means 'bow', 'haphchu' means 'they turned over' or 'they reversed', 'be-yom' means 'on the day', 'krav' means 'of battle' or 'approach'.
[PSA.78.10] They did not keep the covenant of the Gods and his law that would lead them away from us. [§]
Lo shameru brit Elohim uvetorato me'anu lalekhet.
'Lo' means 'not', 'shameru' means 'they kept' (negated by 'lo' to give 'they did not keep'), 'brit' means 'covenant', 'Elohim' is rendered as 'the Gods' following the literal rule, 'uvetorato' combines the conjunction 'and' with 'torato', which is the noun 'Torah' meaning 'law' or 'instruction' and is translated as 'his law', 'me'anu' means 'from us' or 'against us', and 'lalekhet' means 'to walk' or 'to go'. The phrase 'me'anu lalekhet' is an idiom meaning 'that would cause them to go away from us' or 'that would lead them to depart'.
[PSA.78.11] And they forgot his deeds and his wonders which he showed. [§]
Vayishkechu alilotav ve'niflaotav asher heram.
'Vayishkechu' means 'and they forgot', 'alilotav' means 'his deeds', 've'niflaotav' means 'and his wonders', 'asher' means 'which', 'heram' means 'he showed'.
[PSA.78.12] Before their ancestors He performed a miracle in the land of Egypt, a field of poison. [§]
Neged avotam asah pele be'aretz Mitzrayim sde-tzo'an.
'Neged' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'avotam' means 'their ancestors', 'asah' means 'he made' or 'he performed', 'pele' means 'a wonder' or 'a miraculous sign', 'be'aretz' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'sde' means 'field', and 'tzo'an' means 'poison' or 'harmful substance'.
[PSA.78.13] He split the sea and caused them to pass, and set water like a flood. [§]
baqa yam vayya'avireim vay-yatzav mayim kemo ned.
'baqa' means 'to split', 'yam' means 'sea', 'vayya'avireim' means 'and he caused them to pass', 'vay-yatzav' means 'and he set', 'mayim' means 'water', 'kemo' means 'like', 'ned' means 'a flood'.
[PSA.78.14] And he led them by a cloud by day, and all the night by fire. [§]
Vayanchem be'anan yomam ve'khol-halayla be'or esh.
'Vayanchem' means 'and he led (them)', 'be'anan' means 'by a cloud', 'yomam' means 'by day', 've'khol-halayla' means 'and all the night', 'be'or' means 'by firelight', 'esh' means 'fire'.
[PSA.78.15] He breaks the cliffs in the desert and waters the great depths. [§]
Yevakka tzurim ba-midbar vayashaq kit'hamot rabbah.
'Yevakka' means 'he breaks' or 'he rends', 'tzurim' means 'rocky cliffs' or 'high peaks', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the desert', 'vayashaq' means 'and he waters' or 'and he gives drink', 'kit'hamot' means 'the depths' (typically of water), 'rabbah' means 'greatly' or 'abundantly'.
[PSA.78.16] He caused the springs to flow from the rock and he sent them down like rivers of water. [§]
Vayotze nozelim mi-sela vayored ka-naharot mayim.
'Vayotze' means 'and he caused to go out', 'nozelim' means 'streams or springs', 'mi-sela' means 'from the rock', 'vayored' means 'and he sent down', 'ka-naharot' means 'like rivers', 'mayim' means 'water'.
[PSA.78.17] And they kept adding to sin against Him, rebelling against the Most High, in the heights. [§]
Vayosefu od lachato lo lamrot Elyon batziah.
'Vayosefu' means 'and they added' or 'they continued', 'od' means 'still' or 'again', 'lachato' means 'to sin against', 'lo' means 'him' (referring to God), 'lamrot' means 'to rebel', 'Elyon' means 'the Most High' (a title of God), 'batziah' means 'in the heights' or 'on the high places'.
[PSA.78.18] And they tested God in their hearts to ask for food for their souls. [§]
Vaynasu El bilbavam lish'ol okhel lenafsham.
'Vaynasu' means 'and they tested' or 'they tried'. 'El' means 'God'. 'bilbavam' means 'in their hearts' (bil = in, lev = heart, -am = their). 'lish'ol' means 'to ask' or 'to inquire'. 'okhel' means 'food'. 'lenafsham' means 'for their souls' (le = for, nefesh = soul, -am = their).
[PSA.78.19] And they spoke to the the Gods, they said, can God set up a table in the desert? [§]
vayedabru be elohim amru hayukhal el la'aroch shulchan bamidbar
'vayedabru' means 'and they spoke', 'be elohim' means 'to the the Gods', 'amru' means 'they said', 'hayukhal' means 'can' (question form), 'el' means 'God', 'la'aroch' means 'to set up', 'shulchan' means 'a table', 'bamidbar' means 'in the desert'.
[PSA.78.20] Behold, the Rock struck and they turned away; water and streams will overflow, even bread can be given if ready as a leftover for his people. [§]
Hein hikkah-tzur vayazuvu mayim unechalim yishtofu hagem-lechem yukhal tet im-yakhin she'er le'ammo.
'Hein' means 'Behold', 'hikkah-tzur' means 'the Rock struck', 'vayazuvu' means 'and they turned away', 'mayim' means 'water', 'unechalim' means 'and streams', 'yishtofu' means 'will overflow', 'hagem-lechem' means 'even bread', 'yukhal' means 'can', 'tet' means 'to give', 'im-yakhin' means 'if ready', 'she'er' means 'leftover', 'le'ammo' means 'to his people'.
[PSA.78.21] Therefore Yahveh heard, and He was angry, and fire was kindled in Jacob, and also anger rose in Israel. [§]
Lachen shama Yahveh vayitaver ve-esh niskeh beYaakov ve-gam af alah beYisrael.
'Lachen' means 'Therefore', 'shama' means 'heard', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayitaver' is a verb meaning 'and He was angry' (from the root meaning to become angry), 've-esh' means 'and fire', 'niskeh' means 'was kindled', 'beYaakov' means 'in Jacob', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'af' means 'anger' or 'wrath', 'alah' means 'rose up', and 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel'.
[PSA.78.22] Because they did not believe in the Gods and they did not trust in his salvation. [§]
ki lo heeminu beElohim velo vatchu bishuato.
'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'heeminu' means 'they believed', 'beElohim' means 'in the Gods' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods'), 'velo' means 'and not', 'vatchu' means 'they trusted', 'bishuato' means 'in his salvation'.
[PSA.78.23] And He commanded the heavens from above and opened the doors of heaven. [§]
Vayetza shachakim mima'al ve-daltei shamayim patach.
'Vayetza' means 'and He commanded', 'shachakim' means 'the heavens' or 'the skies', 'mima'al' means 'from above', 've-' is the conjunction 'and', 'daltei' means 'the doors of', 'shamayim' means 'heaven', 'patach' means 'opened'.
[PSA.78.24] And He rained manna upon them for eating, and He gave them the grain of heaven. [§]
Vayamter alehem man le'echol u-d'gan-shamayim nathan lammo.
'Vayamter' means 'and He rained', 'alehem' means 'upon them', 'man' means 'manna', 'le'echol' means 'for eating', 'u-d'gan-shamayim' means 'and (the) grain of heaven', 'nathan' means 'He gave', 'lammo' means 'to them'.
[PSA.78.25] The bread of the mighty devoured a man; he sent the spoil to them for satisfaction. [§]
Lechem avirim achal ish tzeidah shlach lahem lashova.
"Lechem" means "bread" or "food"; "avirim" means "of the mighty" or "of the powerful"; "achal" means "ate" or "devoured"; "ish" means "a man"; "tzeidah" means "prey" or "booty"; "shlach" means "he sent"; "lahem" means "to them"; "lashova" means "to satisfy" or "for satisfaction".
[PSA.78.26] He travelled east in the heavens, and he guided the south with his strength. [§]
Yassa kadim bashamayim vayneheg be'uzo teiman.
'Yassa' means 'travelled' (third person singular), 'kadim' means 'east', 'bashamayim' means 'in the heavens', 'vayneheg' means 'and guided' or 'and led', 'be'uzo' means 'with his strength', 'teiman' means 'south'. The verse depicts a divine figure moving eastward in the heavenly realm and then directing the southern direction with his power.
[PSA.78.27] And he scattered upon them like dust, a remnant, and like a cloud of days, a bird wing. [§]
Vayamter aleihem keafar sheer ukhol yamim of kanaf.
"Vayamter" means "and he scattered", "aleihem" means "upon them", "keafar" means "like dust", "sheer" means "remnant", "ukhol" means "and like a cloud", "yamim" means "days", "of" means "bird", "kanaf" means "wing".
[PSA.78.28] And he fell in the midst of his camp, around his companions. [§]
va-yapél beqerev machanehu saviv le-mishkenotav.
'va-yapél' means 'and he fell' (vav-consecutive + yapél). 'beqerev' means 'in the midst of'. 'machanehu' means 'his camp' (machane = camp, -hu = his). 'saviv' means 'around' or 'surrounding'. 'le-mishkenotav' means 'to his companions' or 'among his dwellers' (mishkenot = dwellings/companions, -av = his).
[PSA.78.29] And they ate and were greatly satisfied, and he will bring their desire to them. [§]
vayyokhlu vayyis've'u meod vetavataam yavi lahem.
'vayyokhlu' means 'and they ate', 'vayyis've'u' means 'and they were satisfied', 'meod' means 'greatly', 'vetavataam' means 'and their desire', 'yavi' means 'will bring', 'lahem' means 'to them'.
[PSA.78.30] They have not strayed from their desire, yet they ate with their mouths. [§]
Lo zaru mi-ta'avatam od akhalam befihem.
'Lo' means 'not', 'zaru' means 'they have strayed' or 'they have deviated', 'mi-ta'avatam' means 'from their desire', 'od' means 'still' or 'yet', 'akhalam' means 'they ate', 'befihem' means 'in their mouths'.
[PSA.78.31] Even the Gods went up among them and he will kill with their fat, and with the youths of Israel he cut down. [§]
ve'af Elohim alah bahem vayaharog be-mishmaneihem u-vachurei Yisrael hikria.
've'af' means 'even' or 'also', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'alah' means 'went up' or 'ascended', 'bahem' means 'among them' or 'in them', 'vayaharog' means 'and he will kill', 'be-mishmaneihem' means 'with their fat' (lit. 'with their oils/fats'), 'u-vachurei' means 'and with the youths', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hikria' means 'he cut down' or 'he struck down'.
[PSA.78.32] In all this they sinned again and did not believe in Yahveh's wonders. [§]
Bechol zot chatu od velo he'eminú benifla'otav.
'Bechol' means 'in all', 'zot' means 'this', 'chatu' means 'they sinned', 'od' means 'again' or 'still', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'he'eminú' means 'they believed', 'benifla'otav' means 'in his wonders', with 'av' referring to Yahveh, the name of God.
[PSA.78.33] Their days and their years ended in vanity. [§]
vayechal bahevel yemeihem ushnatam babahalah.
'vayechal' means 'and (he) finished' or 'ended', 'bahevel' means 'in vanity' or 'in futility', 'yemeihem' means 'their days', 'ushnatam' means 'and their years', 'babahalah' means 'in vanity' (a repeat for emphasis).
[PSA.78.34] If they kill them and seek him and return and blacken God. [§]
im haragam uderashuhu veshavu vesicharu-el.
'im' means 'if', 'haragam' means 'they kill them', 'uderashuhu' means 'and they seek him', 'veshavu' means 'and they return', 'vesicharu-el' means 'and they blacken God'.
[PSA.78.35] And they shall remember that the Gods are their rock and God Most High is their redeemer. [§]
Va yizkeru ki Elohim tzuram ve El Elyon goalam.
'Va' means 'and', 'yizkeru' means 'they shall remember', 'ki' means 'that', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'tzuram' means 'their rock', 've' means 'and', 'El' means 'God', 'Elyon' means 'Most High', 'goalam' means 'their redeemer'.
[PSA.78.36] And they have spoken against him with their mouths, and with their tongue they lie to him. [§]
Vayepeatuhu befihem uvilshonam yekazvu-lo.
'Vayepeatuhu' means 'and they have spoken against him', 'befihem' means 'with their mouths', 'u' means 'and', 'vilshonam' means 'with their tongue', 'yekazvu' means 'they lie' (future or habitual), 'lo' means 'to him'.
[PSA.78.37] And their heart is not upright with him, and they do not trust his covenant. [§]
ve libam lo nachon immo velo ne'emnu bivrito.
've' means 'and', 'libam' means 'their heart', 'lo' means 'not', 'nachon' means 'upright' or 'right', 'immo' means 'with him', 'velo' means 'and not', 'ne'emnu' means 'they trust' (negative here 'do not trust'), 'bivrito' means 'in his covenant'.
[PSA.78.38] And He is merciful, will atone for sin and will not destroy, and will increase to restore His anger and will not arouse all His wrath. [§]
vehu rachum yekhapher avon ve lo-yashchit ve hirbah lehashiv apo ve lo-ya'ir kol chamato.
"vehu" means "and He" (referring to God); "rachum" means "merciful"; "yekhapher" means "will atone for" or "will cover"; "avon" means "sin" or "guilt"; "ve" means "and"; "lo-yashchit" means "will not destroy"; "ve" again means "and"; "hirbah" means "will increase" or "will enlarge"; "lehashiv" means "to turn back" or "to restore"; "apo" means "His anger"; "ve" means "and"; "lo-ya'ir" means "will not arouse"; "kol" means "all"; "chamato" means "His wrath".
[PSA.78.39] He remembers that they are flesh, a wandering spirit, and will not return. [§]
Vayizkor ki-basar hem ruach holekh velo yashuv.
'Vayizkor' means 'He remembers', 'ki' means 'that', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'hem' means 'they', 'ruach' means 'spirit' or 'breath', 'holekh' means 'wandering' or 'going', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yashuv' means 'will return'.
[PSA.78.40] How many are angry with him in the desert, they cause him grief in the desolate place. [§]
kama yameruho bamidbar ya'atzivehu bishimon.
'kama' means 'how many' or 'how often', 'yameruho' means 'they are angry with him' or 'they rebel against him', 'bamidbar' means 'in the desert' or 'in the wilderness', 'ya'atzivehu' means 'they cause him grief' or 'they make him sorrowful', 'bishimon' is a difficult form that likely means 'in shame' or a place name (perhaps a corrupted form of a word meaning 'in the desert' or 'in the abyss'). The literal sense is that many rebel against him in the wilderness and cause him distress in that desolate setting.
[PSA.78.41] And they returned and they tested God and Holy Israel they perished. [§]
Vayashuvu vayenassu El vakdos Yisrael hitvu.
'Vayashuvu' means 'and they returned', 'vayenassu' means 'and they tested' or 'tried', 'El' means 'God', 'vakdos' means 'and holy', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hitvu' is a verb form meaning 'they perished' or 'they fell'.
[PSA.78.42] They did not remember his hand, the day that he delivered them from the enemy. [§]
Lo zakhru et yado yom asher padam minei tzar.
'Lo' means 'not', 'zakhru' means 'they remembered' (negated), 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'yado' means 'his hand', 'yom' means 'day', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'padam' means 'he delivered them' or 'he saved them', 'minei' means 'from the hand of', and 'tzar' means 'enemy' or 'adversary'.
[PSA.78.43] Who placed in Egypt his signs and his wonders in the field of Zoan. [§]
Asher sam be-mitzrayim ototav u-moftav bi-sdeh-tso'an.
'Asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'sam' means 'placed' or 'set', 'be-mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'ototav' means 'his signs', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'moftav' means 'his wonders' or 'miracles', 'bi-sdeh' means 'in the field', and 'tso'an' is a place name (Zoan) meaning a field or region in Egypt.
[PSA.78.44] and he turned their streams into blood, and they will not drink. [§]
vayyahafokh le-dam ye'oreihem ve-nozleihem bal-yishtayu.
'vayyahafokh' means 'and he turned', 'le-dam' means 'to blood', 'ye'oreihem' means 'their streams', 've-nozleihem' means 'and their flowing [waters]', 'bal' means 'not', 'yishtayu' means 'they will drink'. The phrase describes a reversal of water into blood and the consequent inability to drink.
[PSA.78.45] He sent a raven against them, and it ate them, and a locust destroyed them. [§]
Yeshallach bahem arbeh vayo'khalem u tzefarde'a vatashchitem.
'Yeshallach' means 'He sends', 'bahem' means 'against them', 'arbeh' means 'a raven', 'vayo'khalem' means 'and it ate them', 'u' means 'and', 'tzefarde'a' means 'a locust (grasshopper)', 'vatashchitem' means 'and it destroyed them'.
[PSA.78.46] And he gave the fool their harvest, and they will bring it to the waste. [§]
Vayiten lechasil yevulam vi'giam laarbeh.
'Vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'lechasil' means 'to the fool', 'yevulam' means 'their harvest', 'vi'giam' means 'and they will reach' (or 'and they will bring'), 'laarbeh' means 'to the waste' or 'to the spoil'.
[PSA.78.47] He will kill the grapes in frost, and their blossoms in the cold. [§]
Yaharog ba barad gafnam veshikmotam ba chanamal.
'Yaharog' means 'he will kill', 'ba' means 'in', 'barad' means 'frost', 'gafnam' means 'their grapes', 'veshikmotam' means 'and their blossoms', 'chanamal' means 'cold'.
[PSA.78.48] And he closed the cold in their city, and their livestock for the poor. [§]
Vayasser labarad beiram umikneyhem lareshafim.
'Vayasser' means 'and he closed', 'labarad' means 'the cold', 'beiram' means 'in their city', 'umikneyhem' means 'and their livestock', 'lareshafim' means 'for the poor'.
[PSA.78.49] He will send against them fury, his anger, wrath, indignation and distress, by sending the angels of evil. [§]
Yeshallach bam charon apo evra vezaam ve tzarah mishlachat malachei raim.
'Yeshallach' means 'will send', 'bam' means 'against them', 'charon' means 'fury', 'apo' means 'his anger', 'evra' means 'wrath', 'vezaam' means 'and indignation', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'tzarah' means 'distress', 'mishlachat' means 'by sending', 'malachei' means 'angels of', and 'raim' means 'evil'.
[PSA.78.50] He will cut off the fierce, to his anger, not growing weary of death their souls and their lives, he bound them to the plague. [§]
Yefalles natib leapo lo-chasach mimavet nafsham vechayatam ladaver hisgir.
'Yefalles' means 'he will cut off' (from the root 'p-l-s' meaning to cut off). 'Natib' means 'the fierce' or 'impetuous one'. 'Leapo' means 'to his anger' (literally 'to his wrath'). 'Lo-chasach' means 'not weary' or 'does not grow tired'. 'Mimavet' means 'from death'. 'Nafsham' means 'their souls'. 'Vechayatam' means 'and their lives'. 'Ladaver' means 'to the plague' (or 'for the pestilence'). 'Hisgir' means 'he bound' or 'he restrained'.
[PSA.78.51] And he struck every firstborn in Egypt, the firstborn of the cattle in the stalls. [§]
Vayach kol-bekhor be-Mitzrayim reishit onim be'aholei cham.
'Vayach' means 'and (he) struck', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'bekhor' means 'firstborn', 'be-Mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'reishit' means 'the first', 'onim' means 'of the cattle', 'be'aholei' means 'in the stalls', 'cham' means 'the stalls' or 'the pens'.
[PSA.78.52] They journeyed like a flock of sheep, their people, and they led them like a herd in the wilderness. [§]
Vayassa katson ammo vaynahageim kaeder ba-midbar.
'Vayassa' means 'they went out' or 'they journeyed', 'katzon' means 'like a flock of sheep', 'ammo' means 'their people', 'vaynahageim' means 'and they led them', 'kaeder' means 'like a herd', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the wilderness'.
[PSA.78.53] And He guided them securely and they were not afraid, and the sea covered their enemies. [§]
Vayanchem levetach velo pachadu ve'et oyevehem kissa hayam.
'Vayanchem' means 'and He guided them', 'levetach' means 'securely' or 'with confidence', 'velo' means 'and not', 'pachadu' means 'they were afraid', 've'et' means 'and the (object)', 'oyvehem' means 'their enemies', 'kissa' means 'covered' or 'overturned', 'hayam' means 'the sea'.
[PSA.78.54] And he brought them to his holy border, this mountain which his right hand bought. [§]
Vayvi'em el-gebul kadosho har ze kanta yemino.
'Vayvi'em' means 'and he brought', 'el-gebul' means 'to the border', 'kadosho' means 'his holy', 'har' means 'mountain', 'ze' means 'this', 'kanta' means 'bought', 'yemino' means 'his right hand'.
[PSA.78.55] And he drove out the nations before them, and he cast them with a belt of inheritance, and he settled in their tents the tribes of Israel. [§]
vayagaresh mipneiyhem goyim vayapilem bechevel nachala vayashken beaholeihem shivtei Yisrael.
'vayagaresh' means 'and he drove out', 'mipneiyhem' means 'before them', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'vayapilem' means 'and he cast them down', 'bechevel' means 'with a belt', 'nachala' means 'inheritance', 'vayashken' means 'and he settled', 'beaholeihem' means 'in their tents', 'shivtei' means 'the tribes of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel' (the name of the people, literally 'he who struggles with God').
[PSA.78.56] And they tested and rebelled against the Gods Most High, and they did not keep his testimonies. [§]
vaynassu vayamru et Elohim Elyon ve'edotav lo shamru.
'vaynassu' means 'and they tested', 'vayamru' means 'and they rebelled', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'Elyon' means 'Most High' (used here as a title for God), 've'edotav' means 'and his testimonies', 'lo' means 'not', 'shamru' means 'they kept' or 'they observed'.
[PSA.78.57] And they turned aside and betrayed like their fathers; they were turned like a net of deception. [§]
vayissogu vayivgdu ka'avotam nehef'chu keqeshet remiyyah.
'vayissogu' means 'and they turned aside', 'vayivgdu' means 'and they betrayed', 'ka'avotam' means 'like their fathers', 'nehef'chu' means 'they were turned' or 'they turned', 'keqeshet' means 'like a net', 'remiyyah' means 'of deception' or 'deceptive'.
[PSA.78.58] And they made him angry with their idols, and with their worthless things they will acquire him. [§]
Vayakk'isu hu beBamotam uVifsileihem yakni'uhu.
'Vayakk'isu' means 'and they made angry', 'hu' means 'him', 'be' means 'with', 'Bamotam' means 'their idols', 'u' means 'and', 'Vifsileihem' means 'their worthless things' or 'their vanities', 'yakni'uhu' means 'they will acquire him' or 'they will purchase him'.
[PSA.78.59] Listen, O the Gods, and [he] will become detestable and will be greatly loathed in Israel. [§]
Shama Elohim vayyita'aver vayyimas me'od beYisrael.
'Shama' means 'listen' (imperative address to the addressee). 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal plural name for God). 'vayyita'aver' is a vav-consecutive + imperfect form meaning 'and will become detestable'. 'vayyimas' is likewise a vav-consecutive + imperfect meaning 'and will be loathed'. 'me'od' means 'greatly' or 'very'. 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel'.
[PSA.78.60] And he left his tabernacle, the tent that dwelt among man. [§]
Vayitosh mishkan shilo ohel shikken ba'adam.
'Vayitosh' means 'and he left/abandoned', 'mishkan' means 'tabernacle' or 'dwelling-place', 'shilo' means 'his', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'shikken' means 'that dwells' (a participle of dwell), 'ba'adam' means 'among man' or 'in man'.
[PSA.78.61] He gave his strength to the captive, and his glory is in the hand of the enemy. [§]
Vayiten lashvi uzo v'tifarto b'yad tzar.
'Vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'lashvi' means 'to the captive', 'uzo' means 'his strength', 'v' means 'and', 'tifarto' means 'his splendor' or 'his glory', 'b'yad' means 'in the hand', 'tzar' means 'enemy' or 'foe'.
[PSA.78.62] And he closed the sword of his people, and his inheritance was defiled. [§]
Vayisger lacheret ammo uvenachalato hiteaver.
'Vayisger' means 'and he closed', 'lacheret' means 'the sword', 'ammo' means 'his people', 'uvenachalato' means 'and his inheritance', 'hiteaver' means 'was defiled' or 'was polluted'.
[PSA.78.63] His youths ate fire, and his virgins did not praise. [§]
Bachurav akhlah-esh u'vetulotav lo hullah.
'Bachurav' means 'his youths' or 'his young men', 'akhlah-esh' means 'ate fire' (literally 'consumed by fire'), 'u'vetulotav' means 'and his virgins', 'lo' means 'not', and 'hullah' means 'praise' or 'to give a shout of praise'.
[PSA.78.64] His priests fell by the sword and his widows shall not weep. [§]
Kohanav bacherev nafalu ve'almenotav lo tivkeina.
'Kohanav' means 'his priests', 'bacherev' means 'by the sword', 'nafalu' means 'they fell', 've'almenotav' means 'and his widows', 'lo' means 'not', 'tivkeina' means 'you shall weep'.
[PSA.78.65] And he rose, as an old my Lord, like a hero drunk from wine. [§]
Vayyikatz ke-yashen Adonai ke-gever mitronen mi-yayin.
'Vayyikatz' means 'and he rose/awoke', 'ke-yashen' means 'as an old man' (literally 'like an elder'), 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'ke-gever' means 'as a mighty one or hero', 'mitronen' means 'drunk or intoxicated', 'mi-yayin' means 'from wine'.
[PSA.78.66] He struck his enemies from behind, giving them an everlasting disgrace. [§]
Vayach tzarav achor cherpat olam natan lamoh.
"Vayach" means "and he struck", "tzarav" means "his enemies", "achor" means "from behind", "cherpat" means "disgrace" or "contempt", "olam" means "everlasting", "natan" means "gave", "lamoh" means "to them".
[PSA.78.67] And he despised the tent of Joseph and the tribe of Ephraim; he did not choose them. [§]
va yim'as be ohel Yosef uve shevet Efrayim lo bachar.
'va' means 'and', 'yim'as' means 'he despised', 'be' means 'in' or 'the', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'uve' means 'and of', 'shevet' means 'tribe', 'Efrayim' is the proper name Ephraim, 'lo' means 'not', 'bachar' means 'choose' or 'selected'.
[PSA.78.68] Yahveh chose the tribe of Judah, the hill of Zion which he loves. [§]
vayivchar et-shevet Yehudah et-har Tziyon asher ahev.
'vayivchar' means 'and He chose' (the verb with a vav conjunction); 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent; 'shevet' means 'tribe' or 'staff'; 'Yehudah' means 'Judah'; the second 'et' is again the direct‑object marker; 'har' means 'mountain' (often rendered 'hill'); 'Tziyon' means 'Zion'; 'asher' means 'which' or 'that'; 'ahev' means 'loved' (verb, third‑person singular). The subject of 'vayivchar' is understood to be God, here rendered as Yahveh.
[PSA.78.69] And he built his sanctuary like the heights, like a land its foundation forever. [§]
Vayyiven kemo-ramim mikdasho ke'arets yesadah le'olam.
'Vayyiven' means 'and he built', 'kemo-ramim' means 'like the heights', 'mikdasho' means 'his sanctuary', 'ke'arets' means 'like a land', 'yesadah' means 'its foundation', 'le'olam' means 'forever'.
[PSA.78.70] And he chose David his servant and took him from the flock of sheep. [§]
Vayivchar beDavid avdo vayikachehu mimikleh tzon.
'Vayivchar' means 'and he chose', 'beDavid' means 'in David' or 'David', 'avdo' means 'his servant', 'vayikachehu' means 'and he took him', 'mimikleh' means 'from the flock', 'tzon' means 'of sheep'.
[PSA.78.71] After the sheaves he brought him to pasture in Jacob his people and in Israel his inheritance. [§]
Me'achar alot hevi'o lir'ot beYa'akov ammo uviYisrael nachalato.
'Me'achar' means 'after' or 'later', 'alot' means 'the sheaves' or 'the harvest', 'hevi'o' means 'he brought him', 'lir'ot' means 'to pasture' or 'to graze', 'beYa'akov' means 'in Jacob', 'ammo' means 'his people', 'uviYisrael' means 'and in Israel', 'nachalato' means 'his inheritance'.
[PSA.78.72] And He will cause a roar completely to his heart, and in understandings as his hands He will guide them. [§]
Vayire'em ketom levavo u'bitevunot kapav yan'hem.
'Vayire'em' means 'and He will cause to roar' (from the root ra'am, to thunder). 'ketom' means 'completely' or 'utterly'. 'levavo' means 'to his heart' (lev = heart, -av = his). 'u'bitevunot' means 'and in understandings' (bit'vunot = plural of understanding). 'kapav' means 'as his hands' (ka = as, pav = hand). 'yan'hem' means 'He will guide them' (from the root nach, to lead).
PSA.79
[PSA.79.1] A psalm of Asaph. The Gods, the nations have come into your inheritance and defiled the holy temple of yours; they have set Jerusalem for the vines. [§]
Mizmor le'Asaf Elohim, bau goyim be-nachaletecha timmu et heyjal kadshecha shamu et Yerushalayim le'iyim.
'Mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'le'Asaf' means 'of Asaph', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'bau' means 'have come', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'be-nachaletecha' means 'into your inheritance', 'timmu' means 'defile', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'heyjal' means 'the temple', 'kadshecha' means 'your holy (one)', 'shamu' means 'they have set' or 'they have placed', 'et' again marks the object, 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'le'iyim' is a difficult phrase but is understood as 'for the vines' or 'as grapes', indicating that they have turned Jerusalem into a place for vines.
[PSA.79.2] They gave the dung of your servants as food for the birds of the heavens, and the flesh of your faithful ones as food for the beasts of the earth. [§]
Natnu et-nivlat avadecha maachal leof hashamaim basar chasidecha lechayeto-aretz.
'Natnu' means 'they gave', 'et-nivlat' means 'the dung', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'maachal' means 'food', 'leof' means 'for the bird', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'chasidecha' means 'your faithful ones', 'lechayeto-aretz' means 'for the animal of the earth'.
[PSA.79.3] They poured out their blood like water all around Jerusalem, and there is no one to bury. [§]
Shaphchu damam kamayim sevivot Yerushalayim ve'eyn kover.
'Shaphchu' means 'they poured out', 'damam' means 'their blood', 'kamayim' means 'like water', 'sevivot' means 'all around' or 'surrounding', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 've'eyn' means 'and there is no', 'kover' means 'one to bury' (from the verb 'to bury').
[PSA.79.4] We have become a reproach to our neighbors, a mockery and a scorn to those around us. [§]
Hayinu cherpah leshchenenu la'ag va'keles lisvivoteinu.
'Hayinu' means 'we have become', 'cherpah' means 'reproach or disgrace', 'leshchenenu' means 'to our neighbors', 'la'ag' means 'for mockery', 'va'keles' means 'and contempt', 'lisvivoteinu' means 'to those around us'.
[PSA.79.5] How long, Yahweh, will you be angry forever, burning your jealousy like fire. [§]
Ad mah Yahweh teenaf lanetzach tivar kemo esh kinotecha.
'Ad' means 'until' or 'how long', 'mah' means 'what' (together 'Ad mah' = 'how long?'), 'Yahweh' is the personal name of God, 'teenaf' means 'you become angry', 'lanetzach' means 'forever', 'tivar' means 'you will burn', 'kemo' means 'like', 'esh' means 'fire', and 'kinotecha' means 'your jealousy' (kinah 'jealousy' + second‑person masculine singular suffix).
[PSA.79.6] Pour out your anger to the nations who do not know you, and to the kingdoms that have not called you in your name. [§]
Shefokh khamtekha el-hagoyim asher lo-yedaukha ve'al mamlakhot asher bishmekha lo karu.
'Shefokh' means 'pour out', 'khamtekha' means 'your anger', 'el' is the preposition 'to', 'hagoyim' means 'the nations', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'lo' means 'not', 'yedaukha' means 'they know you', 've'al' means 'and to', 'mamlakhot' means 'the kingdoms', 'bishmekha' means 'in your name', 'lo' again means 'not', 'karu' means 'they have called'.
[PSA.79.7] Because I ate Jacob and his dwelling, they named (it). [§]
ki achal et-Yaakov ve-et-navehu heshamu.
'ki' means 'because', 'achal' means 'I ate', 'et' is the accusative marker with no direct English translation, 'Yaakov' is the personal name Jacob, 've-et' means 'and' plus the accusative marker, 'navehu' means 'his dwelling' or 'his habitation', 'heshamu' is a verb meaning 'they named' (perfect third‑person masculine plural).
[PSA.79.8] Do not remember for us the sins of the first ones, quickly bring us your mercies, for we are very poor. [§]
Al-tizkar-lanu avonot rishonim maher yekadmu-nu rachamekha ki dalonu me'od.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tizkar' means 'you will remember', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'avonot' means 'sins', 'rishonim' means 'of the first ones', 'maher' means 'quickly', 'yekadmu' means 'they will bring forward', '-nu' is the suffix meaning 'us', 'rachamekha' means 'your mercies', 'ki' means 'because', 'dalonu' means 'we are poor', 'me'od' means 'very'.
[PSA.79.9] Help us, God of our salvation, according to the word of the glory of your name; and save us and atone for our sins for the sake of your name. [§]
Azreinu Elohei Yisheinu al devar kevod-shemecha ve hatzilenu ve kapper al chatoteinu lema'an shemecha.
'Azreinu' means 'Help us', 'Elohei' means 'God of' (El is translated as God), 'Yisheinu' means 'our salvation', 'al' means 'according to', 'devar' means 'word', 'kevod' means 'glory', 'shemecha' means 'your name', 've' means 'and', 'hatzilenu' means 'save/deliver us', 'kapper' means 'atonement', 'al' means 'for', 'chatoteinu' means 'our sins', 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'shemecha' means 'your name'.
[PSA.79.10] Why do the nations say, 'Where are their the Gods?' May they be known among the nations, in our eyes the vengeance for the blood of your poured-out servants. [§]
Lama yom'ru ha-goyim ayyeh elohiyhem yivada ba-goyim le-eyneinu nikmat dam avadecha ha-shafuch.
'Lama' means 'Why'; 'yom'ru' means 'they say'; 'ha-goyim' means 'the nations'; 'ayyeh' means 'where'; 'elohiyhem' means 'their the Gods' (Elohim = the Gods, with suffix -hem = their); 'yivada' means 'will be known'; 'ba-goyim' means 'among the nations'; 'le-eyneinu' means 'in our eyes'; 'nikmat' means 'the vengeance'; 'dam' means 'blood'; 'avadecha' means 'of your servants'; 'ha-shafuch' means 'the poured-out'.
[PSA.79.11] You will come before you, a snare, a captive as great as your arm, left the sons of death. [§]
Tavo lefanekha enkhat asir kegodel zeruacha hotter bnei temuta.
'Tavo' means 'you will come', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'enkhat' is a difficult word likely meaning 'snare' or 'trap', 'asir' means 'captive' or 'prisoner', 'kegodel' means 'as great as' or 'like the magnitude of', 'zeruacha' means 'your arm', 'hotter' means 'remaining' or 'left', 'bnei' means 'sons of', 'temuta' means 'death'.
[PSA.79.12] And turn to our neighbors seven times into their bosom the humiliation which they have mocked you, my Lord. [§]
vehashav lishchenenu shiv'atayim el-cheikam cherpatam asher cherfukha Adonai.
'vehashav' means 'and turn', 'lishchenenu' means 'to our neighbors', 'shiv'atayim' means 'seven times', 'el-cheikam' means 'into their bosom', 'cherpatam' means 'their humiliation', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'cherfukha' means 'they have mocked you', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord'.
[PSA.79.13] We, your people, and the flock of your pasture, will praise you forever, generation after generation, we will tell your praise. [§]
Va-anachnu ammecha ve-tzon mar'itecha noded lecha le'olam le-dor va-dor nesaper tehillatecha.
'Va-anachnu' means 'and we', 'ammecha' means 'your people', 've-tzon' means 'and flock', 'mar'itecha' means 'your pasture', 'noded' means 'we shall praise', 'lecha' means 'to you (Yahveh)', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'le-dor va-dor' means 'generation after generation', 'nesaper' means 'we shall tell', 'tehillatecha' means 'your praise'.
PSA.80
[PSA.80.1] To the chief musician, for the lilies, a testimony of Asaph, a psalm. [§]
Lamenatzeach el-Shoshanim edut leAsaf mizmor.
'Lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'el-Shoshanim' means 'to the lilies' (a musical designation), 'edut' means 'testimony', 'leAsaf' means 'of Asaph', and 'mizmor' means 'psalm'.
[PSA.80.2] Shepherd of Israel, hear, the one who drives like a flock Joseph, the one who sits with the cherubim, has appeared. [§]
Roeh Yisrael haazina noheg katson Yosef yosev hakruvim hophia.
'Roeh' means 'Shepherd', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'haazina' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'noheg' means 'driving' or 'guiding', 'katson' means 'like a flock', 'Yosef' is the name 'Joseph', 'yosev' means 'who sits' or 'the one who sits', 'hakruvim' means 'the cherubim', 'hophia' means 'appeared' or 'has appeared'.
[PSA.80.3] Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh, awaken your might, and go to your salvation for us. [§]
Lifnei Ephraim uBinyamin uMenashe ore et gevuratekha uLecha liShuatah lanu.
'Lifnei' means 'before', 'Ephraim' is a tribal name, 'uBinyamin' means 'and Benjamin', 'uMenashe' means 'and Manasseh', 'ore' means 'awaken', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'gevuratekha' means 'your might', 'uLecha' means 'and go', 'liShuatah' means 'to your salvation', 'lanu' means 'for us'.
[PSA.80.4] the Gods restore us, and the light of your face, and we shall be saved. [§]
Elohim hashiveinu veha'er panecha venivashea.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'hashiveinu' means 'turn us back' or 'restore us', 'veha'er' means 'and the light', 'panecha' means 'your face', 'venivashea' means 'and we shall be saved'.
[PSA.80.5] Yahveh God of Hosts, how long have you done in the prayer of your people? [§]
Yahveh Elohim Tzevaot ad matai asanta bitfilat ammecha.
'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'Elohim' means the Gods, 'Tzevaot' means Hosts, 'ad' means until, 'matai' means how long, 'asanta' means you have done, 'bitfilat' means in the prayer, 'ammecha' means your people.
[PSA.80.6] He ate them bread of tears, and made them drink with tears for the third time. [§]
He'ekhal'tam lechem dimah va-tashke'mo bidma'ot shalish.
'He'ekhal'tam' means 'he ate them', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'dimah' means 'tear' (singular), 'va-tashke'mo' means 'and he made them drink', 'bidma'ot' means 'with tears' (plural), 'shalish' means 'third' (as in 'for the third time').
[PSA.80.7] You will set us as a sign to our neighbors, and our enemies will be shaken against them. [§]
Tesimeinu madon lishchenenu ve oyveinu yilagu lamo.
'Tesimeinu' means 'you will set us', 'madon' means 'a sign' or 'a warning', 'lishchenenu' means 'to our neighbors', 've' means 'and', 'oyveinu' means 'our enemies', 'yilagu' means 'will be shaken', 'lamo' means 'against them' or 'to them'.
[PSA.80.8] The Gods of hosts turn us back and the light of your face, and we shall be saved. [§]
Elohim Tzevaot hashivenu veha'er panecha ve-nivasha.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods'; 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' or 'armies'; 'hashivenu' means 'turn us back' or 'restore us'; 'veha'er' means 'and the light'; 'panecha' means 'your face'; 've-nivasha' means 'and we will be saved' or 'and we shall be rescued'.
[PSA.80.9] A vine from Egypt you will lead, you will drive out nations, and you planted it. [§]
Gefen mi-Mitzrayim tassi'a tegaresh goyim vatti'ehah.
'Gefen' means 'vine', 'mi-Mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'tassi'a' means 'you will lead' (second person singular feminine), 'tegaresh' means 'you will drive out' (second person singular feminine), 'goyim' means 'nations', 'vatti'ehah' means 'and you planted it' (second person singular feminine with a feminine object).
[PSA.80.10] You turned before her, and she rooted her roots, and she filled the earth. [§]
Pinita lefaneya vatasheresh sharasheha vatemlea aretz.
'Pinita' means 'you turned', 'lefaneya' means 'before her', 'vatasheresh' means 'and she rooted', 'sharasheha' means 'her roots', 'vatemlea' means 'and she filled', 'aretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.80.11] The mountains covered its shade, and its leaves are the cedars of God. [§]
Kasu harim tzilah va'anapeha arzei-El.
'Kasu' means 'covered', 'harim' means 'the mountains', 'tzilah' means 'its shade' (or 'shadow'), 'va'anapeha' means 'and its leaves', 'arzei' means 'cedars', and 'El' means 'God'.
[PSA.80.12] You will send its harvest to the sea and to the river, its offspring. [§]
Teshalach ktsireha ad yam ve'el nahar yonkoteha.
'Teshalach' means 'you will send', 'ktsireha' means 'its harvest' (ktsir = harvest, -eha = its), 'ad' means 'to', 'yam' means 'the sea', 've' means 'and', 'el' means 'to', 'nahar' means 'the river', 'yonkoteha' means 'its offspring' or 'its sprouting' (yonkot = offspring, -eha = its).
[PSA.80.13] Why have you broken its wall, and it is a ruin to all who pass the road. [§]
Lamah paratsta g'dereha ve'aruhah kol-ovrei derekh.
'Lamah' means 'why', 'paratsta' means 'you broke' (second person masculine singular), 'g'dereha' means 'its fence' or 'its wall', 've' means 'and', 'aruhah' means 'it is a ruin' or 'it will be laid waste', 'kol' means 'all', 'ovrei' means 'those passing', 'derekh' means 'the road' or 'the way'.
[PSA.80.14] Let a pig from the forest and a wild animal of the field feed it. [§]
yecharsmena chazir miyaar ve ziz shadai yirena.
'yecharsmena' is a verb meaning 'let (it) be fed' or 'let (it) be given to eat'; 'chazir' means 'pig'; 'miyaar' means 'from the forest'; 've' means 'and'; 'ziz' refers to a small wild animal, often understood as 'a mouse' or 'a lizard'; 'shadai' means 'of the field'; 'yirena' is a verb meaning 'shall graze it' or 'shall feed it'.
[PSA.80.15] the Gods of hosts please turn, look from heaven, and see, and attend this vine. [§]
Elohim Tzevaot shuv-na habet mishamayim ure'eh ufkod gefen zot.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' or 'armies', 'shuv-na' means 'please turn' or 'return now', 'habet' means 'look', 'mishamayim' means 'from heaven', 'ure'eh' means 'and see', 'ufkod' means 'and attend' or 'watch over', 'gefen' means 'vine', and 'zot' means 'this'.
[PSA.80.16] And the reed which your right hand has planted, and upon the son you have strengthened to you. [§]
ve-kannah asher-nat'ah yemincha ve'al ben imatzta lakh.
've' means 'and', 'kannah' is a noun meaning 'the reed' or 'the plant', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'nat'ah' means 'you have planted', 'yemincha' means 'your right hand', 've'al' means 'and upon', 'ben' means 'son', 'imatzta' means 'you have fortified' or 'strengthened', 'lakh' means 'to you' (feminine singular).
[PSA.80.17] Burnt in fire, like a kindling, from the burning of your face they shall be lost. [§]
Serupah ba'esh kesukah migaarat panecha yoavedu.
'Serupah' means 'burnt' (feminine participle of to burn), 'ba'esh' means 'in fire', 'kesukah' means 'like a kindling' or 'as a fuel', 'migaarat' means 'from the burning' (literally 'from the furnace'), 'panecha' means 'your face', 'yoavedu' means 'they shall be lost' or 'they shall be destroyed'.
[PSA.80.18] May your hand be upon a man, your right hand upon the son of man you have strengthened for you. [§]
tehi-yadecha al-ishi yeminecha al-ben-adam immatza lach.
'tehi' means 'may be', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'al' means 'upon', 'ishi' means 'a man', 'yeminecha' means 'your right hand', 'al' again means 'upon', 'ben' means 'son', 'adam' means 'man' or 'human', 'immatza' means 'you have strengthened', 'lach' means 'for you' or 'to you'.
[PSA.80.19] And we will not turn away from you, you will give us life, and in your name we will be called. [§]
ve'lo nasog mimekha techayyenu uveshimkha niqra.
've'lo' means 'and not', 'nasog' means 'we will turn away' or 'we will stray', 'mimekha' means 'from you', 'techayyenu' means 'you will give life to us', 'uveshimkha' means 'in your name', 'niqra' means 'we will be called'.
[PSA.80.20] Yahveh the Gods hosts bring us back the light of your face and we shall be saved. [§]
Yahveh the Gods tzevaot hashivenu ha'er panecha venivasha.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH. 'the Gods' translates Elohim as a plural noun. 'tzevaot' means 'hosts' (the heavenly armies). 'hashivenu' means 'bring us back' or 'turn us back'. 'ha'er' means 'the light'. 'panecha' means 'your face'. 'venivasha' means 'and we shall be saved'.
PSA.81
[PSA.81.1] For the chief musician, upon the Gittith, of Asaph. [§]
Lamnatzeach al-hagittit leAsaf.
'Lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'al-hagittit' means 'upon the Gittith' (a musical term or instrument), 'leAsaf' means 'of Asaph'.
[PSA.81.2] Let us sing praise to the Gods, our strength; let us shout to the Gods of Jacob. [§]
Harninu leElohim uzeinu, haru leElohei Yaakov.
'Harninu' means 'let us sing praise', 'le' is the preposition 'to', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'uzeinu' means 'our strength', 'haru' means 'let us shout', 'Elohei' is the construct form meaning 'Gods of', and 'Yaakov' is the name 'Jacob'.
[PSA.81.3] Raise a song and give a flute, a pleasant harp with a stringed instrument. [§]
Sheu zimrah utnu tof kinor naim im naveh.
'Sheu' means 'lift' or 'raise', 'zimrah' means 'song' or 'psalm', 'utnu' means 'and give', 'tof' means 'flute', 'kinor' means 'harp', 'naim' means 'pleasant', 'im' means 'with', 'naveh' means 'a stringed instrument' (often a lute or harp).
[PSA.81.4] Blow the shofar in the month, in the covering, for the day of our feast. [§]
Tik'u ba-chodesh shofar ba-kesseh le-yom chagenu.
'Tik'u' means 'blow' (imperative plural), 'ba-chodesh' means 'in the month', 'shofar' means 'ram's horn (trumpet)', 'ba-kesseh' means 'in the covering or veil', 'le-yom' means 'for the day', 'chagenu' means 'our feast'.
[PSA.81.5] For the law of Israel it is judgment to the Gods of Jacob. [§]
Ki chok leYisrael hu mishpat leElohei Yaakov.
'Ki' means 'for' (because), 'chok' means 'law' or 'statute', 'leYisrael' means 'of Israel' (construct form indicating possession), 'hu' means 'it' (referring to the law), 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'leElohei' means 'to the Gods of' (Elohim rendered literally as 'the Gods'), 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob'.
[PSA.81.6] Testimony concerning Joseph was placed when he went out onto the land of Egypt; I do not know the border, but I will listen. [§]
eduth biYosef samo b'tzeto al eretz Mitzrayim sfat lo yada'ti eshma.
'eduth' means 'testimony', 'biYosef' means 'in Joseph' or 'by Joseph', 'samo' means 'he placed it', 'b'tzeto' means 'when he went out', 'al eretz' means 'upon the land', 'Mitzrayim' is the proper name for Egypt, 'sfat' means 'border' or 'edge', 'lo yada'ti' means 'I do not know', 'eshma' means 'I will hear' or 'let me hear'.
[PSA.81.7] I have removed his foolishness from the pain; his hand shall pass beyond the measured limit. [§]
hasiroti misevel shichmo kappav midud taavornah.
'hasiroti' means 'I have removed', 'misevel' means 'from the pain', 'shichmo' means 'his foolishness', 'kappav' means 'his hand', 'midud' means 'from the measured limit', 'taavornah' means 'they shall pass beyond'.
[PSA.81.8] In trouble you called, and I rescued you; I will answer you in the secret of a roar, I will test you upon the waters of turmoil. Selah. [§]
batzarah qarata va'achaltzecha e'encha be'seter raam evchancha al-mei merivah selah.
'batzarah' means 'in trouble'; 'qarata' means 'you called'; 'va'achaltzecha' means 'and I rescued you'; 'e'encha' means 'I will answer you'; 'be'seter' means 'in hidden' or 'in secret'; 'raam' means 'noise' or 'roar'; 'evchancha' means 'I will test you'; 'al-mei' means 'upon the waters of'; 'merivah' means 'turmoil' or 'contention'; 'selah' is a liturgical marking meaning 'pause' or 'reflection'.
[PSA.81.9] Hear, my people, and I will speak to you, O Israel, if you will hear me. [§]
Shema ami ve'odah bakha Yisrael im tishma li.
'Shema' means 'hear', 'ami' means 'my people', 've' means 'and', 'odah' means 'I will speak' or 'I will say', 'bakha' means 'to you', 'Yisrael' is the name 'Israel', 'im' means 'if', 'tishma' means 'you will hear', 'li' means 'to me' or 'my'.
[PSA.81.10] There shall be no strange God among you, and you shall not bow down to a foreign God. [§]
Lo yihyeh beka el zar ve lo tishtachave leel nechar.
'Lo' means 'not', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'beka' means 'in you' or 'among you', 'el' means 'God', 'zar' means 'strange' or 'foreign', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'tishtachave' means 'you shall bow down', 'leel' means 'to God', 'nechar' means 'foreign' or 'strange'. The verse therefore states that there must be no strange God among you and you must not bow down to a foreign God.
[PSA.81.11] I Yahveh your God, the One who lifts you up from the land of Egypt; broaden your mouth and I will fill it. [§]
Anochi Yahveh Elohekha hammaalekha mei erets Mitzrayim harchev-picha vaamal'ehu.
'Anochi' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'Elohekha' means 'your God', 'hammaalekha' means 'the One who lifts you up', 'mei erets Mitzrayim' means 'from the land of Egypt', 'harchev-picha' means 'broaden your mouth', 'vaamal'ehu' means 'and I will fill it'.
[PSA.81.12] And my people did not hear my voice, and Israel did not turn to me. [§]
ve'lo shama ammi lekoli veYisrael lo avah li.
've'lo' means 'and not', 'shama' means 'heard', 'ammi' means 'my people', 'lekoli' means 'to my voice', 'veYisrael' means 'and Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'avah' means 'turn' or 'incline', 'li' means 'to me'.
[PSA.81.13] And I will send him in secret; their hearts will go according to their own plans. [§]
vaashalchehu bishrirut livam yelchu bemoatzoteihem.
'va' means 'and', 'ashalchehu' means 'I will send him', 'bishrirut' means 'in secret', 'livam' means 'their heart', 'yelchu' means 'they will go' or 'let them go', 'bemoatzoteihem' means 'in their counsels' or 'according to their plans'.
[PSA.81.14] Behold, my people who hear me, O Israel, walk in my ways. [§]
Lo ammi shomea li Yisrael biddrachai yehalechu.
'Lo' means 'behold', 'ammi' means 'my people', 'shomea' means 'hearing' or 'who hear', 'li' means 'to me' or 'me', 'Yisrael' is the proper name 'Israel', 'biddrachai' means 'in my ways', 'yehalechu' means 'they shall walk' or simply 'walk'.
[PSA.81.15] I will subdue a few of their enemies, and I will set my hand against their foes. [§]
kim'at oyvehem achnia ve'al tzareihem ashiv yadi.
'kim'at' means 'a few' or 'a little', 'oyvehem' means 'their enemies', 'achnia' means 'I will subdue', 've'al' means 'and upon' or 'and against', 'tzareihem' means 'their foes', 'ashiv' means 'I will turn' or 'I will set', 'yadi' means 'my hand'.
[PSA.81.16] Those who hate Yahveh will be confounded before Him, and may their time be forever. [§]
Mesane'ei Yahveh yikachashu-lo vi'yehi ittam le'olam.
'Mesane'ei' means 'those who hate', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'yikachashu' means 'they will be confounded' or 'ashamed', 'lo' means 'before Him' (literally 'to him'), 'vi'yehi' means 'and let it be' or 'and may it be', 'ittam' means 'their time' (from 'it' meaning 'time' and the suffix 'am' meaning 'their'), 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'for eternity'.
[PSA.81.17] And (he) fed him from the milk of wheat and from the honeycomb I will satisfy you. [§]
Vayachileihu mechelev chitah umitzur devash ashvieka.
'Vayachileihu' means 'and (he) fed him', 'mechelev' means 'from milk', 'chitah' means 'wheat', 'umitzur' means 'and from honeycomb', 'devash' means 'honey', 'ashvieka' means 'I will satisfy you'.
PSA.82
[PSA.82.1] A psalm of Asaph. The Gods stands in the assembly of God, in the midst of the Gods he judges. [§]
Mizmor le Asaf Elohim nitzav ba'adat El be keref Elohim yishpot.
'Mizmor' means 'psalm', 'le' means 'of', 'Asaf' is a proper name, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'nitzav' means 'stands', 'ba'adat' means 'in the assembly of', 'El' means 'God', 'be' means 'in', 'keref' means 'midst', 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 'yishpot' means 'he judges'.
[PSA.82.2] Until when will you judge injustice and lift up the faces of the wicked as a burden. [§]
Ad matai tishpetu avel u-fnei resha'im tiss'ū sela.
'Ad' means 'until', 'matai' means 'when', 'tishpetu' means 'you judge', 'avel' means 'injustice', 'u-fnei' means 'and the faces of', 'resha'im' means 'the wicked', 'tiss'ū' means 'you lift up', 'sela' means 'a burden' or 'weight'.
[PSA.82.3] Judge the poor and the orphan, the needy and the helpless, the righteous. [§]
shiftu dal ve-yatom ani va-rash ha-tzidiku
'shiftu' means 'judge', 'dal' means 'the poor', 've' means 'and', 'yatom' means 'the orphan', 'ani' means 'the needy', 'va' means 'and', 'rash' means 'the helpless' or 'the powerless', 'ha' means 'the', 'tzidiku' means 'the righteous' (imperative sense 'act justly').
[PSA.82.4] Save the poor and the needy from the hand of the wicked; rescue them. [§]
Palletu-dal ve evyon miyad reshaim hatzilu.
'Palletu' means 'save' in the plural imperative, 'dal' means 'the poor', 've' means 'and', 'evyon' means 'the needy', 'mi' means 'from', 'yad' means 'hand', 'reshaim' means 'wicked', 'hatzilu' means 'rescue' in the plural imperative.
[PSA.82.5] They do not know and they do not understand; in darkness they will walk, and all the foundations of the earth will be shaken. [§]
Lo yadu ve lo yivinu ba-chashekha yithalkhu yimmotu kol-mosdei aretz.
'Lo' means 'not', 'yadu' means 'they knew', 've' means 'and', 'lo' (second) means 'not', 'yivinu' means 'they will understand', 'ba-chashekha' means 'in darkness', 'yithalkhu' means 'they will walk/go about', 'yimmotu' means 'they will be shaken', 'kol' means 'all', 'mosdei' means 'foundations', 'aretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.82.6] I said, you are the Gods, and the sons of the Most High, all of you. [§]
Ani amarti Elohim atem u'vnei Elyon kulchem.
'Ani' means 'I', 'amarti' means 'said' (first person past), 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'atem' means 'you' (plural), 'u'vnei' means 'and the sons of', 'Elyon' means 'the Most High', 'kulchem' means 'all of you'.
[PSA.82.7] Indeed, you will die as a man, and you will fall like one of the princes. [§]
Achen ke'adam temutun u'k'echad hasharim tifolu.
'Achen' means 'indeed' or 'surely', 'ke'adam' means 'as a man', 'temutun' means 'you will die' (second person masculine plural), 'u'k'echad' means 'and like one', 'hasharim' means 'the princes' or 'the officials', 'tifolu' means 'you will fall' (second person masculine plural).
[PSA.82.8] Rise, the Gods, judge the earth, because you inherit among all the nations. [§]
Kumeh Elohim shafatah haaretz ki atah tinhal b'khol hagoyim.
'Kumeh' means 'rise', an imperative command. 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'. 'shafatah' means 'judge' (imperative). 'haaretz' means 'the earth'. 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'. 'atah' means 'you'. 'tinhal' means 'you will inherit'. 'b'khol' means 'in all' or 'among all'. 'hagoyim' means 'the nations'.
PSA.83
[PSA.83.1] Song, a Psalm of Asaph. [§]
shir mizmor le-Asaf.
'shir' means 'song', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'musical composition', 'le-Asaf' means 'of Asaph' (attributing the song to the worship leader Asaph).
[PSA.83.2] the Gods, do not be silent to me, do not be silent and do not be still, God. [§]
Elohim al-domi-lach al-techeresh ve-al-tishqot El.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods'. 'Al' means 'do not'. 'Domi' (from the root meaning 'silence') in the phrase 'al-domi-lach' is understood as 'do not be silent to me'. 'Al-techeresh' means 'do not be silent'. 'Ve' means 'and'. 'Al-tishqot' means 'do not be still'. 'El' means 'God'.
[PSA.83.3] For behold, your enemies will be ashamed and your haters will lift up their heads. [§]
ki hineh oyvecha yehmayun umeshanecha nasu rosh.
'ki' means 'for', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'oyvecha' means 'your enemies', 'yehmayun' means 'they will be ashamed', 'umeshanecha' means 'and your haters', 'nasu' means 'they will lift' or 'raise', 'rosh' means 'head'.
[PSA.83.4] Against your people they will devise a secret and conspire against your north. [§]
Al-ammeka ya'arimu sod ve-yity'atsu al-tzpunekha.
'Al' means 'against' or 'upon', 'ammeka' means 'your people', 'ya'arimu' means 'they will devise' or 'they will raise', 'sod' means 'a secret', 've' means 'and', 'yity'atsu' means 'they will consult together' or 'they will conspire', 'al' again means 'against', 'tzpunekha' means 'your north' (the northern region).
[PSA.83.5] They said, 'Let us go and destroy them from the nation, so that the name of Israel will not be remembered any longer.' [§]
Amru lechu ve'nakchidhem mi'goy ve'lo yizaker shem Yisrael od.
'Amru' means 'they said', 'lechu' means 'let us go', 've'nakchidhem' means 'and we will destroy them', 'mi'goy' means 'from the nation', 've'lo' means 'and that there will not', 'yizaker' means 'be remembered', 'shem Yisrael' means 'the name of Israel', 'od' means 'anymore' or 'any longer'.
[PSA.83.6] Because they conspire together against you, they will break the covenant. [§]
Ki no'atsu lev yachdav alaykha brit yichrotu.
'Ki' means 'because'; 'no'atsu' means 'they conspire' or 'they plot'; 'lev' means 'heart'; 'yachdav' means 'together'; 'alaykha' means 'against you' (literally 'upon you'); 'brit' means 'covenant'; 'yichrotu' means 'they will cut' or 'they will break'.
[PSA.83.7] The tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites, Moab and the Hagrites. [§]
Aholey Edom veYishmeelim Moab veHaGriim.
'Aholey' means 'tents of', 'Edom' is the name of the nation descended from Esau, 'veYishmeelim' means 'and the Ishmaelites', 'Moab' is the name of another nation, and 'veHaGriim' means 'and the Hagrites' (the people of Hagri).
[PSA.83.8] Geval, Ammon, and Amalek, the Philistines with the inhabitants of Tyre. [§]
Geval ve'Ammon va'Amalek Peleshet im-yoshevei Tzor.
'Geval' is a place name meaning 'Geval'; 've'Ammon' means 'and Ammon'; 'va'Amalek' means 'and Amalek'; 'Peleshet' means 'the Philistines'; 'im-yoshevei' means 'with the inhabitants of'; 'Tzor' is the name of the city Tyre.
[PSA.83.9] Even Assyria will be humbled with them; they were a tribe for the sons of Lot, Selah. [§]
gam ashur nilvah imam hayu zeroa livnei lot selah.
'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'ashur' is the name of the nation Assyria, 'nilvah' (from the root n-l-w) means 'will be humbled' or 'will be drawn down', 'imam' means 'with them', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'zeroa' (from z-r-ʿ) means 'a tribe' or 'a band', 'livnei' means 'for the sons of', 'lot' is the proper name Lot, and 'selah' is a liturgical musical pause left untranslated.
[PSA.83.10] Make for them as Midian, as Sisera, as Jabin in the Kishon River. [§]
Aseh-lem ke-midyan ke-sisra ke-yavin be-nachal Kishon.
'Aseh' means 'make' (imperative), 'lem' means 'for them', 'ke' is a comparative particle meaning 'like' or 'as', 'midyan' refers to the people or land of Midian, 'sisra' is the name Sisera, 'yavin' is the name Jabin, 'be' is a preposition 'in' or 'at', 'nachal' means 'river', and 'Kishon' is the name of a river in Israel.
[PSA.83.11] They were ashamed in the eye of the generation; they were silent to the ground. [§]
Nishmedu be'eyne-dor hayu domen la'adamah.
'Nishmedu' means 'they were ashamed', 'be'eyne-dor' means 'in the eye of the generation', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'domen' means 'silent', 'la'adamah' means 'to the ground'.
[PSA.83.12] Place his nobles like a raven, like a wolf, like a gazelle, like a lion, all his leaders. [§]
Shi-teh-mo ne-di-veh-mo ke-o-rev ve-ki-zaev u-ke-za-vah u-ke-tsal-mu-nah kol-ne-si-kho.
'Shi-teh-mo' means 'place (them)'. 'Ne-di-veh-mo' means 'his nobles' (plural of 'nédíb', a noble or prince). 'Ke-o-rev' means 'like a raven'. 'Ve-ki-zaev' means 'and like a wolf'. 'U-ke-za-vah' means 'and like a gazelle' (female antelope). 'U-ke-tsal-mu-nah' means 'and like a lion' (lioness). 'Kol-ne-si-kho' means 'all his chiefs' or 'all his leaders'.
[PSA.83.13] Which they said we shall inherit for us the delights of the Gods. [§]
asher amru nir'ashah lanu et ne'ot elohim.
'asher' means 'which' or 'that', 'amru' means 'they said', 'nir'ashah' means 'we shall inherit' (future passive of 'inherit'), 'lanu' means 'for us' or 'to us', 'et' is a direct object marker with no English equivalent, 'ne'ot' means 'delights' or 'pleasures', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[PSA.83.14] my God, set it like a wheel like a flash before the wind. [§]
Elohai shitemo kagalg'al keqash lifnei ruach.
'Elohai' means 'my God', 'shitemo' is the imperative verb 'set it', 'kagalg\'al' means 'like a wheel', 'keqash' means 'like a flash', and 'lifnei ruach' means 'before the wind'.
[PSA.83.15] Like fire will burn the forest and like flames will blaze the mountains. [§]
ke'esh tiv'ar ya'ar u'k'lehavah telahet harim.
'ke'esh' means 'like fire', 'tiv'ar' means 'will burn', 'ya'ar' means 'the forest', 'u' means 'and', 'k'lehavah' means 'like flames', 'telahet' means 'will blaze', 'harim' means 'the mountains'.
[PSA.83.16] Thus you will chase them in your storm, and in your fury you will bewilder them. [§]
Ken tirdefem b'saarekha u'v'supatkha tebaholem.
'Ken' means 'thus' or 'so'. 'tirdefem' means 'you will chase them' (future second person masculine singular of the verb chase, with object suffix 'them'). 'b'saarekha' means 'in your storm' (prefix 'b' = 'in', 'sa'ar' = 'storm', suffix 'kha' = 'your'). 'u'v'supatkha' means 'and in your fury' (conjunction 'u' = 'and', 'b' = 'in', 'supat' = 'fury' or 'wrath', suffix 'kha' = 'your'). 'tebaholem' means 'you will bewilder them' (future second person masculine singular of the verb 'bahal' meaning to confuse or bewilder, with object suffix 'them').
[PSA.83.17] Their faces are filled with cold, and they will seek your name Yahveh. [§]
Maleh penehem kalon viyvaksu shimkha Yahveh.
'Maleh' means 'full' or 'filled', 'penehem' means 'their faces', 'kalon' means 'cold', 'viyvaksu' (with the prefix v- meaning 'and') means 'they will seek', 'shimkha' means 'your name', and 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH.
[PSA.83.18] They shall be ashamed and be put to shame forever, and they shall be confounded and be destroyed. [§]
Yevoshu ve-yibahaloo adei-ad ve-yachperu ve-yoavdu.
'Yevoshu' means 'they shall be ashamed', 've-yibahaloo' means 'and they shall be put to shame', 'adei-ad' means 'forever' (literally 'until eternity'), 've-yachperu' means 'and they shall be confounded', 've-yoavdu' means 'and they shall be destroyed'.
[PSA.83.19] And they will know that you alone are called Yahveh, the Most High over all the earth. [§]
ve-yedu ki attah shimkha Yahveh levadekha elyon al kol haaretz.
've' means 'and', 'yedu' means 'they will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'attah' means 'you', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'levadekha' means 'alone' or 'by yourself', 'elyon' means 'most high', 'al' means 'over', 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
PSA.84
[PSA.84.1] To the chief musician, upon the Gittite, for the sons of Korah: a Psalm. [§]
Lamenatzeach al-hagittit libnei Korach mizmor.
'Lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'al-hagittit' means 'upon the Gittite', 'libnei' means 'for the sons of', 'Korach' is a proper name referring to the family of Korah, 'mizmor' means 'a psalm' or 'song'.
[PSA.84.2] What beloved are your dwellings, Yahveh of Hosts. [§]
mah yedidot mishkenoteicha Yahveh Tzevaot
'mah' means 'what', 'yedidot' means 'beloved ones' or 'dear', 'mishkenoteicha' means 'your dwellings', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Tzevaot' means 'Hosts' referring to divine armies.
[PSA.84.3] It is gathered, and also my whole soul is for the courts of Yahveh; my heart and my flesh shall rejoice to the living God. [§]
Niksepha ve gam kalta nafshi lechatzrot Yahveh libi uvesari yerannenu el God chai.
'Niksepha' means 'it is gathered' (from the root meaning to gather). 've gam' means 'and also'. 'kalta' means 'it is finished/completed' or 'all is gathered'. 'nafshi' means 'my soul'. 'lechatzrot' means 'to the courtyards' or 'to the courts'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'libi' means 'my heart'. 'uvesari' means 'and my flesh'. 'yerannenu' means 'shall rejoice' (future plural). 'el' means 'God'. 'chai' means 'living' or 'alive'.
[PSA.84.4] Even a bird that found a house and fled, its nest for the one who drank its chicks, your altars, Yahveh of hosts, my king and my God. [§]
gam tzipor matze'ah bayit ve dror ken lah asher shatah efrochiha et mizbechoteicha Yahveh Tzevaot malchi ve Elohai.
'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'tzipor' means 'bird', 'matze'ah' means 'found', 'bayit' means 'house', 've' means 'and', 'dror' means 'flight' or 'to flee', 'ken' means 'nest', 'lah' means 'for it', 'asher' means 'which' or 'who', 'shatah' means 'drank', 'efrochiha' means 'its chicks', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'mizbechoteicha' means 'your altars', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' (as in 'hosts of heaven'), 'malchi' means 'my king', 've' means 'and', 'Elohai' means 'my God'.
[PSA.84.5] Blessed are those who dwell in Yahveh's house; they will still praise Yahveh, Selah. [§]
Ashrei yoshevei beitecha od yehallelokha selah.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'happy', 'yoshevei' means 'those who dwell' (masculine plural), 'beitecha' means 'in your house' (beit = house, -cha = your), 'od' means 'still' or 'yet', 'yehallelokha' means 'they will praise you' (yehallel = they will praise, -kha = you), 'selah' is a liturgical musical term often left untranslated.
[PSA.84.6] Blessed is the man whose strength is in you, whose thoughts are in their hearts. [§]
Ashrei adam oz-lo bach mesilot bilvavam.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'happy', 'adam' means 'man' or 'person', 'oz' means 'strength', '-lo' is the suffix meaning 'his', so 'oz-lo' is 'his strength', 'bach' means 'in you' (addressing God), 'mesilot' means 'thoughts' or 'plans', 'bilvavam' means 'in their hearts' (b- = in, levav = heart, -am = their).
[PSA.84.7] Those who pass through the valley of weeping, the spring will cause him to settle; also, in blessings he will strike a teacher. [§]
Ovrei be'emek habakka ma'yan yeshituho gam-berachot ya'eteh moreh.
'Ovrei' means 'those who pass' (plural construct of 'over'), 'be'emek' means 'in the valley', 'habakka' means 'the weeping' (the valley of weeping), 'ma'yan' means 'spring' (a source of water), 'yeshituho' is a verb form meaning 'will cause him to settle/seat', literally 'they will set him', 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'berachot' means 'blessings', 'ya'eteh' is a verb meaning 'will strike' or 'will deal', and 'moreh' means 'teacher' or 'one who teaches'.
[PSA.84.8] They will go from strength to strength; they will fear the Gods in Zion. [§]
Yelchu mechayil el-chayil yeraeh el-Elohim beTziyon.
'Yelchu' means 'they will go', 'mechayil' means 'from strength', 'el-chayil' means 'to strength', 'yeraeh' means 'he will fear' (or 'they will reverence'), 'el-Elohim' means 'to the Gods', 'beTziyon' means 'in Zion'.
[PSA.84.9] Yahveh the Gods of hosts, hear my prayer, listen the God of Jacob, pause. [§]
Yahveh Elohim Tzevaot shma tefilati haazina Elohei Yaakov Selah
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the Tetragrammaton YHVH. 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural). 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' or 'armies', so together 'Elohim Tzevaot' is rendered as 'the Gods of hosts'. 'shma' means 'listen' or 'hear'. 'tefilati' means 'my prayer'. 'haazina' is a form of 'listen' or 'give ear'. 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'God of'. 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, so 'Elohei Yaakov' means 'the God of Jacob'. 'Selah' is a musical or liturgical term often understood as 'pause' or a call to reflect.
[PSA.84.10] Our shield, see the Gods, and look at the face of your Messiah. [§]
maginenu reeh elohim vehabit penei meshichecha.
'maginenu' means 'our shield', 'reeh' is the imperative 'see', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'vehabit' is the imperative 'and look', 'penei' means 'face of', 'meshichecha' means 'your Messiah'.
[PSA.84.11] For a good day in your courtyards is better than a thousand; I have chosen to take shelter in the house of my God, away from the tents of the wicked. [§]
Ki tov yom ba chatzerecha me'alef bacharti histofef be-beit Elohai mi-dur be-ahaley resha.
'Ki' means 'for', 'tov' means 'good', 'yom' means 'day', 'ba' means 'in the', 'chatzer' means 'courtyard', 'echa' means 'your' (masc. sing.), forming 'in your courtyards'. 'me'alef' means 'than a thousand' (literally 'more than a thousand'). 'bacharti' means 'I have chosen'. 'histofef' means 'to go around, to encircle, to take shelter'. 'be-beit' means 'in the house of'. 'Elohai' means 'my God' (the name El rendered as God, with first‑person possessive). 'mi-dur' means 'from the circle' or 'away from the crowd'. 'be-ahaley' means 'in the tents of', and 'resha' means 'wickedness' or 'the wicked'.
[PSA.84.12] For the sun and shield is Yahveh the Gods, grace and glory will give; Yahveh will not withhold good from those who walk in integrity. [§]
Ki shemesh uMagen Yahveh Elohim chen vachavod yiten Yahveh lo yimna tov laholchim betamim.
'Ki' means 'for', 'shemesh' means 'sun', 'uMagen' means 'and shield', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'chen' means 'grace', 'vachavod' means 'and honor' (or 'glory'), 'yiten' means 'will give', the second 'Yahveh' is again the literal name of God, 'lo' means 'not', 'yimna' means 'will withhold', 'tov' means 'good', 'lahlchim' means 'to those who walk', and 'betamim' means 'in uprightness' or 'integrity'.
[PSA.84.13] Yahveh of hosts, blessed is the man who trusts in you. [§]
Yahveh Tzevaot Ashrei Adam Botach Bach.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the divine name. 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' or 'armies' and is used as a title for Yahveh. 'Ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'happy'. 'Adam' means 'man' or 'human being'. 'Botach' is the verb form meaning 'who trusts' or 'who puts his trust'. 'Bach' means 'in you' (addressing the singular masculine deity).
PSA.85
[PSA.85.1] A psalm for the chief musician, for the sons of Korah. [§]
lamnatseach livnei korach mizmor
'lamnatseach' means 'to the chief musician' (a heading for the musical director), 'livnei' means 'to the sons of' (the preposition l‑ plus the plural noun 'sons'), 'korach' is a proper name (Korah), and 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song'.
[PSA.85.2] You have pleased Yahveh, your land, you have restored the dwellings of Jacob. [§]
Ratzita Yahveh artzecha shavta shevot Yaakov.
'Ratzita' means 'you have pleased' (verb, second person masculine singular), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH as 'Yahveh', 'artzecha' means 'your land', 'shavta' means 'you have returned' or 'restored', 'shevot' means 'the dwellings' or 'abodes', and 'Yaakov' is the proper name 'Jacob'.
[PSA.85.3] You have borne the sin of your people; you have covered all their iniquity. Selah. [§]
Nasata avon ammekha kisita kol chatatam selah.
'Nasata' means 'you have borne', 'avon' means 'iniquity' or 'sin', 'ammekha' means 'your people', 'kisita' means 'you have covered', 'kol' means 'all', 'chatatam' means 'their sin', 'selah' is a musical/ liturgical pause marker.
[PSA.85.4] You have gathered all your iniquity, you have turned it away from the burning of your anger. [§]
Asaptah kol-evratekha heshibota mehcheron afekha.
'Asaptah' means 'you have gathered', 'kol' means 'all', 'evratekha' means 'your iniquity', 'heshibota' means 'you have turned back' or 'restored', 'mehcheron' means 'from the burning' or 'from the heat', 'afekha' means 'your anger'.
[PSA.85.5] Turn us back, God of our salvation, and break your anger with us. [§]
Shuvenu Elohei Yisheinu vehaper ka'askha imanu.
'Shuvenu' means 'turn/return us', 'Elohei' means 'God of' (the name El in the construct state), 'Yisheinu' means 'our salvation', 'vehaper' means 'and break' (or 'and cease'), 'ka'askha' means 'your anger', 'imanu' means 'with us' or 'upon us'.
[PSA.85.6] Forever he will become angry against us; you will draw your nose for generation after generation. [§]
Ha'le'olam te'enaf-banu timshoch afkha le-dor va-dor.
'Ha'le'olam' means 'the everlasting' or 'forever'; 'te'enaf' is the future 3rd person masculine form of the verb meaning 'to become angry', so 'he will become angry'; '-banu' is attached, meaning 'against us'; 'timshoch' is the future 2nd person masculine form of the verb 'to draw, pull', here 'you will draw'; 'afkha' means 'your nose' (used idiomatically for the breath or facial expression of anger); 'le-dor va-dor' means 'for generation and generation', i.e., 'forever'.
[PSA.85.7] Is not it that you will return, revive us, and your people will rejoice in you. [§]
halo atta tashuv techayenu ve ammecha yismachu bach
'halo' means 'Is not' (a rhetorical question), 'atta' means 'you' (masculine singular), 'tashuv' means 'you will return' or 'you will turn back', 'techayenu' means 'you will give life to us' or 'revive us', 've' means 'and', 'ammecha' means 'your people', 'yismachu' means 'they will rejoice', 'bach' means 'in you'. The phrase 'halo atta' functions as a rhetorical affirmation, similar to English 'Surely you...'.
[PSA.85.8] Show us, Yahveh, your kindness and your salvation, give them to us. [§]
Harenu Yahveh chasdeka veyesheka titen-lanu.
'Harenu' means 'show us', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'chasdeka' means 'your kindness', 'veyesheka' means 'and your salvation', 'titen-lanu' means 'you will give to us'.
[PSA.85.9] I will hear what the God Yahveh will speak because he will speak peace to his people and to his faithful ones, and they will not return to ruin. [§]
eshme'ah mah yedabber ha'el Yahveh ki yedabber shalom el amo ve el chasidav ve'al yashuvu lekhislah.
'eshme'ah' means 'I will hear', 'mah' means 'what', 'yedabber' means 'will speak', 'ha'el' means 'the God', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'ki' means 'because', the second 'yedabber' has the same meaning, 'shalom' means 'peace', 'el' means 'to', 'amo' means 'his people', 've' means 'and', the second 'el' again means 'to', 'chasidav' means 'his faithful ones', 've'al' means 'and not', 'yashuvu' means 'they will return', 'lekhislah' means 'to ruin'.
[PSA.85.10] But Yahveh's salvation is near to those who fear Him, that glory may dwell in our land. [§]
Ach karov li-re'av yisho li-shkon kavod be'arzenu.
'Ach' means 'but', 'karov' means 'near' or 'close', 'li-re'av' means 'to those who fear (Him)', 'yisho' means 'His salvation', 'li-shkon' means 'that may dwell', 'kavod' means 'glory', 'be'arzenu' means 'in our land'. The pronoun 'His' refers to Yahveh, the name of God.
[PSA.85.11] Mercy and truth have met together; righteousness and peace have kissed. [§]
chesed ve emet nifgashu tzedek ve shalom nashaku.
'chesed' means 'mercy', 've' means 'and', 'emet' means 'truth', 'nifgashu' means 'met together', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness', 've' means 'and', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'nashaku' means 'kissed'.
[PSA.85.12] Truth shall spring from the earth, and righteousness shall look down from the heavens. [§]
Emet me'eretz titzmach ve-tzedek min hashamayim nishkaf.
'Emet' means 'truth', 'me' means 'from', 'eretz' means 'earth', 'titzmach' means 'will sprout' or 'shall spring forth', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness', 'min' means 'from', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'nishkaf' means 'will be looked down upon' or 'shall look down'.
[PSA.85.13] Also Yahveh will give the good, and He will give our land its produce. [§]
Gam Yahveh yitten ha-tov ve-artzeinu titen yevulah.
'Gam' means 'also', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'yitten' means 'will give', 'ha-tov' means 'the good', 've' means 'and', 'artzeinu' means 'our land', 'titen' means 'will give', 'yevulah' means 'its produce' or 'its harvest'.
[PSA.85.14] Righteousness walks before him, and he sets his steps. [§]
tze-dek le-fanav yehalek veyasem le-derekh peamav.
'tze-dek' means 'righteousness', 'le-fanav' means 'before him', 'yehalek' means 'he walks' or 'he goes', 'veyasem' means 'and he sets' or 'and he places', 'le-derekh' means 'on the way' or 'in the path', 'peamav' means 'his steps'.
PSA.86
[PSA.86.1] Prayer of David. Listen, O Yahveh, your ear; answer me, because I am poor and needy. [§]
Tefillah leDavid hatteh-Yahveh oznekha aneni ki-ani ve'evyon ani.
'Tefillah' means 'prayer', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'hatteh' means 'listen' or 'give ear', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'oznekha' means 'your ear', 'aneni' means 'answer me', 'ki-ani' means 'because I am poor', 've'evyon' means 'and needy', 'ani' means 'I'.
[PSA.86.2] Guard my soul, for I am pious, save your servant; you are my God, the one who trusts, to you. [§]
shamra nafshi ki chasid ani hosha avdeka attah elohai habotech elecha.
'shamra' means 'guard' or 'keep'; 'nafshi' means 'my soul'; 'ki' means 'for' or 'because'; 'chasid' means 'pious' or 'devoted'; 'ani' means 'I'; 'hosha' is the verb 'save' in the imperative sense 'save'; 'avdeka' means 'your servant'; 'attah' means 'you'; 'elohai' means 'my God'; 'habotech' means 'the one who trusts' or 'the trusting'; 'elecha' means 'to you'.
[PSA.86.3] Have compassion on me, my Lord, for I call to you all day. [§]
chaneni adonai ki elekha ekra kol-hayam.
'chaneni' means 'have compassion on me', 'adonai' means 'my Lord', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'ekra' means 'I call', 'kol-hayam' means 'all the day'.
[PSA.86.4] Make glad the soul of your servant, for to my Lord I will lift up my soul. [§]
Samech nefesh avdecha ki eilekha Adonai nafshi esha.
'Samech' means 'makes glad', 'nefesh' means 'soul', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'esha' means 'I will lift up' or 'I will raise'.
[PSA.86.5] For you, my Lord, are good and forgiving, and abundant in kindness to all your callers. [§]
ki attah Adonai tov ve-salach ve-rav chesed lekhul koreecha.
'ki' means 'for', 'attah' means 'you', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'tov' means 'good', 've-salach' means 'and forgiving', 've-rav' means 'and abundant', 'chesed' means 'kindness' or 'lovingkindness', 'lekhul' means 'to all', 'koreecha' means 'your called ones' or 'your callers'.
[PSA.86.6] Hear, Yahveh, my prayer, and listen to the voice of my petitions. [§]
Ha'azina Yahveh tefilati ve'hakshiva be'kol tachanunotai.
'Ha'azina' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'tefilati' means 'my prayer', 've'hakshiva' means 'and listen' or 'and attend', 'be'kol' means 'in the voice of', and 'tachanunotai' means 'my petitions' or 'my supplications'.
[PSA.86.7] In the day of my distress I will call you, because you will answer me. [§]
Beyom tsarati ekraka ki taaneni.
'Beyom' means 'in the day', 'tsarati' means 'my distress', 'ekraka' means 'I will call you', 'ki' means 'because', 'taaneni' means 'you will answer me'.
[PSA.86.8] There is none like you among the Gods my Lord, and there is none like your works. [§]
Ein kamocha baElohim Adonai veEin kemaseikha
'Ein' means 'there is none', 'kamocha' means 'like you', 'baElohim' means 'among the Gods', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'veEin' means 'and there is none', 'kemaseikha' means 'like your works'.
[PSA.86.9] All the nations that you have made will come and bow before you my Lord and will honor your name. [§]
Kol goyim asher asita yavo'u ve-yishtachavu lefanekha Adonai vi-chabdu lishmekha.
'Kol' means 'all', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asita' means 'you made', 'yavo\'u' means 'will come', 've-' means 'and', 'yishtachavu' means 'will bow down' or 'will worship', 'lefane\'kha' means 'before you', 'Adonai' is translated literally as 'my Lord', 'vi-' means 'and', 'chabdu' means 'will honor', 'lishmekha' means 'your name'.
[PSA.86.10] For you are great and you do wondrous works, you are the Gods alone. [§]
Ki gadol attah ve'oseh niflaot attah elohim levaddecha.
'Ki' means 'for', 'gadol' means 'great', 'attah' means 'you', 've'oseh' means 'and you do' or 'and doing', 'niflaot' means 'wonders' or 'wondrous works', the second 'attah' again means 'you', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural literal), 'levaddecha' means 'by yourself alone' or simply 'alone'.
[PSA.86.11] Teach me, Yahveh, your ways that I may walk in your truth; unite my heart to fear your name. [§]
Horenni Yahveh darkecha ahalech baamittecha yached levavi leira shemecha.
'Horenni' means 'teach me', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God rendered as Yahveh, 'darkecha' means 'your ways', 'ahalech' means 'I will walk', 'baamittecha' means 'in your truth', 'yached' means 'unite', 'levavi' means 'my heart', 'leira' means 'to fear', 'shemecha' means 'your name'.
[PSA.86.12] I will thank you, my Lord my God, with all my heart and I will honor your name forever. [§]
odekha adonai elohai bekhol levavi va'achavdeh shimkha leolam
'odekha' means 'I will thank you', 'adonai' means 'my Lord', 'elohai' means 'my God', 'bekhol' means 'with all', 'levavi' means 'my heart', 'va'achavdeh' means 'and I will honor', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'leolam' means 'forever'.
[PSA.86.13] For your grace is great toward me, and you have saved my soul from the lower realm of Sheol. [§]
Ki-chasdecha gadol alai ve-hitzalta nafshi mi-sheol tachtiyah.
'Ki' means 'for', 'chasdecha' means 'your grace', 'gadol' means 'great', 'alai' means 'toward me', 've' means 'and', 'hitzalta' means 'you have saved', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'mi' means 'from', 'sheol' means 'the realm of the dead', 'tachtiyah' means 'lower' or 'underneath'.
[PSA.86.14] The Gods, the wicked ones rose against me, and the assembly of the ruthless sought my soul, and they did not set you before them. [§]
Elohim zedim kamoo alai va'adat aritizim bikshu nafshi velo samucha lenegdam.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods'; 'zedim' means 'wicked ones'; 'kamoo' means 'they rose'; 'alai' means 'against me'; 'va'adat' means 'and the assembly'; 'aritizim' means 'the ruthless ones'; 'bikshu' means 'they sought'; 'nafshi' means 'my soul'; 'velo' means 'and not'; 'samucha' means 'they set you'; 'lenegdam' means 'before them'.
[PSA.86.15] And you my Lord God merciful and gracious, long of patience, and great kindness and truth. [§]
ve'atta Adonai El rachum vechanun erekh affayim ve-rav chesed ve'emet.
've'atta' means 'and you', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'El' means 'God', 'rachum' means 'merciful', 'vechanun' means 'and gracious', 'erekh affayim' means 'long of patience' (slow to anger), 've-rav' means 'and great', 'chesed' means 'kindness', 've'emet' means 'and truth'.
[PSA.86.16] Turn to me and be gracious to me; give your help to your servant, and save the son of your maidservant. [§]
p'neh elai vechaneni tenah-ozkha le'avadekha vehoshia le'ven-amatkha.
'p'neh' means 'turn' (imperative), 'elai' means 'to me', 'vechaneni' means 'and be gracious to me', 'tenah-ozkha' means 'give your help' (literally 'give your strength'), 'le'avadekha' means 'to your servant', 'vehoshia' means 'and save', 'le'ven-amatkha' means 'the son of your maidservant'.
[PSA.86.17] Make with me a sign for good and let those who hate see and be ashamed because you Yahveh helped me and comforted me. [§]
Asseh-‘immi ot le-tovah ve-yiru sonei ve-yeboshu ki atah Yahveh azarta'ni ve-nichamti.
'Asseh' means 'make/do', '‘immi' means 'with me', 'ot' means 'sign', 'le-tovah' means 'for good', 've-yiru' means 'and they will see', 'sonei' means 'those who hate', 've-yeboshu' means 'and they will be ashamed', 'ki' means 'because', 'atah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'azarta'ni' means 'you helped me', 've-nichamti' means 'and you comforted me'.
PSA.87
[PSA.87.1] For the sons of Korach—a psalm, a song—its foundation is in the holy mountains. [§]
Livnei Korach mizmor shir yesodato be-harrerei Qodesh.
'Livnei' means 'the sons of', 'Korach' is a proper name, 'mizmor' means 'a psalm', 'shir' means 'a song', 'yesodato' means 'its foundation', 'be-harrerei' means 'in the mountains of', 'Qodesh' means 'holy'.
[PSA.87.2] Yahveh loves the gates of Zion, from all the dwellings of Jacob. [§]
Ohev Yahveh sha'arei Tziyon mikol mishkenot Ya'akov.
'Ohev' means 'loves', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'sha'arei' means 'gates of', 'Tziyon' means 'Zion', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'mishkenot' means 'dwellings' or 'habitations', 'Ya'akov' means 'Jacob'.
[PSA.87.3] Honored spoken in you, city of the Gods, Selah. [§]
Nikchavdot medubar bakh ir haElohim selah.
'Nikchavdot' means 'honored' (feminine plural), 'medubar' means 'spoken' or 'uttered', 'bakh' means 'in you' (addressing a feminine noun), 'ir' means 'city', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the divine name Elohim), and 'selah' is a liturgical term indicating a pause.
[PSA.87.4] I will remember the storm and confusion to those who know: behold, Philistia and Tyre with Cush, this was born there. [§]
azkir rahav uval le-yod'ei hineh peleshet ve-tzor im Kush ze yullad sham.
'azkir' means 'I will remember', 'rahav' means 'storm' or 'fury', 'uval' means 'and confusion', 'le-yod'ei' means 'to those who know', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'peleshet' means 'Philistia', 've-tzor' means 'and Tyre', 'im' means 'with', 'Kush' means 'Cush (ancient Ethiopia)', 'ze' means 'this', 'yullad' means 'was born', 'sham' means 'there'.
[PSA.87.5] And to Zion it will be said, a man and a man will be born there, and he will make it Most High. [§]
Uletzion yeamar ish veish yullad bah vehu yechonnenah Elyon.
'Uletzion' means 'and to Zion', 'yeamar' means 'it will be said', 'ish' means 'man', 'veish' means 'and man', 'yullad' means 'will be born', 'bah' means 'in it', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'yechonnenah' means 'will make it/establish it', 'Elyon' is a name of God meaning 'Most High'.
[PSA.87.6] Yahveh counts in writing nations; this is born there, selah. [§]
Yahveh yispor bikhtav amim ze yullad sham selah.
'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH. 'yispor' means 'counts' or 'records'. 'bikhtav' means 'in writing' or 'by written record'. 'amim' means 'nations' or 'peoples'. 'ze' means 'this'. 'yullad' means 'is born' or 'comes forth'. 'sham' means 'there'. 'selah' is a liturgical term often left untranslated, indicating a pause or emphasis.
[PSA.87.7] and servants like the sick, all my springs in you. [§]
ve sharim ke chollim kol mayanai bakh
've' means 'and', 'sharim' means 'servants' (or 'those who sing'), 'ke' means 'like' or 'as', 'chollim' means 'the sick' (literally 'the diseased ones'), 'kol' means 'all', 'mayanai' means 'my springs' (water sources), 'bakh' means 'in you' or 'by you'.
PSA.88
[PSA.88.1] A song, a psalm of the sons of Korah, for the chief musician, concerning the affliction of the afflicted, a contemplative poem, to the east, the foreigner. [§]
Shir Mizmor Livnei Korach Lamenatzeach al Machalat le'anot Maskil Leheyman haEzrachi.
'Shir' means 'song', 'Mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'musical hymn', 'Livnei' means 'of the sons', 'Korach' is the proper name 'Korah', 'Lamenatzeach' means 'to the chief musician' (the one who leads the choir), 'al' means 'upon' or 'concerning', 'Machalat' (from 'machal') means 'affliction' or 'disease', 'le'anot' means 'for the afflicted' or 'to the weak', 'Maskil' is a literary term meaning 'a contemplative or instructive poem', 'Leheyman' means 'to the east' or 'to the right', and 'haEzrachi' means 'the foreigner' or 'the outsider'.
[PSA.88.2] Yahveh the Gods of my salvation day I cried out by night before you. [§]
Yahveh Elohei yeshua-ti yom tza'qt-i balayla negdeka.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim, meaning 'the Gods of'. 'yeshua-ti' means 'my salvation' (yeshua = salvation, -ti = my). 'yom' means 'day'. 'tza'qt-i' means 'I cried out' (tza'qt = cried out, -i = I). 'balayla' means 'by night' (b- = by, layla = night). 'negdeka' means 'before you' (negde = before, -ka = you).
[PSA.88.3] May my prayer come before you; incline your ear to my song. [§]
Tavo lefanekha tefilati hatteh-aznekha le'rinati.
'Tavo' means 'come' (imperative); 'lefanekha' means 'before you'; 'tefilati' means 'my prayer'; 'hatteh-aznekha' means 'incline your ear'; 'le'rinati' means 'to my song' or 'to my cry'.
[PSA.88.4] For my soul is satiated with evils, and my life has arrived at the pit. [§]
Ki savah b'ra'ot nafshi vechayi lish'ol higi'u.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'savah' means 'became full' or 'satiated', 'b'ra'ot' means 'with evils' (plural), 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'vechayi' means 'and my life', 'lish'ol' means 'to the pit' (the grave), 'higi'u' means 'they have arrived' or 'has arrived' referring to the life reaching the pit.
[PSA.88.5] I was counted among those who go down to the pit; I was like a man without a ram. [§]
nechsavti im yordei bor hayiti kegever ein eyal.
'nechsavti' means 'I was considered' or 'I was counted', 'im' means 'with', 'yordei' means 'those who go down', 'bor' means 'pit' or 'grave', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'kegever' means 'like a man', 'ein' means 'no' or 'without', 'eyal' means 'ram' (a male sheep).
[PSA.88.6] Among the dead my freedom is like a corpse, those who lie in the grave which you have not remembered any longer, and they have been cut off from your hand. [§]
bametim chafshi kemo chalalim shokhvei kever asher lo zikhratam od vehamma miyadkha nigzaru.
'bametim' means 'among the dead', 'chafshi' means 'my freedom', 'kemo' means 'like', 'chalalim' means 'a corpse', 'shokhvei' means 'those who lie', 'kever' means 'in the grave', 'asher' means 'which/that', 'lo' means 'not', 'zikhratam' means 'you have remembered them', 'od' means 'anymore', 'vehamma' means 'and they', 'miyadkha' means 'from your hand', 'nigzaru' means 'have been cut off'.
[PSA.88.7] He placed me in a pit of the lower places, in darkness, in shadows. [§]
Shatani bevor tahitiyot be'machashkim bi'metzolot.
'Shatani' means 'He placed me', 'bevor' means 'in a pit', 'tahitiyot' means 'of the lower places', 'be'machashkim' means 'in darkness', 'bi'metzolot' means 'in shadows'.
[PSA.88.8] Upon me your wrath rests, and all your brokenness you have afflicted, Selah. [§]
Alay samkeh chamatecha vechol mishbarekha innita sela.
'Alay' means 'upon me' or 'on me', 'samkeh' means 'rests' or 'leans', 'chamatecha' means 'your wrath', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'mishbarekha' means 'your brokenness' or 'your ruin', 'innita' means 'you have afflicted' or 'you have caused', 'sela' is a musical or liturgical pause often left untranslated as Selah.
[PSA.88.9] You have removed my known from me; you have set me as abominations before them, completely, and I will not go out. [§]
hirchakta meyudaa i mimmeni shatani toevoot lamo kalu velo etze.
'hirchakta' means 'you have removed' or 'you have distanced', 'meyudaa i' means 'my known' or 'what is known of me', 'mimmeni' means 'from me', 'shatani' means 'you have set me', 'toevoot' means 'abominations', 'lamo' means 'to them', 'kalu' means 'completely' or 'utterly', 'velo' means 'and not', 'etze' means 'I will go out' or 'I shall depart'.
[PSA.88.10] My eye is weak, my distress is from me, I called you Yahveh all day, I have stretched out my hands to you. [§]
Ein i dava min i oni keraticha Yahveh bechol yom shittachti elecha kappa.
'Ein' means 'eye', the suffix '-i' makes it 'my eye'. 'Dava' means 'is weak' or 'is poor'. 'Min' means 'from' and '-i' adds 'my', together 'from me'. 'Oni' means 'my distress' or 'my grief'. 'Keraticha' means 'I called you'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'Bechol' means 'in all' and 'yom' means 'day', together 'every day' or 'all day'. 'Shittachti' means 'I have stretched out'. 'Elecha' means 'to you'. 'Kappa' means 'my hands'.
[PSA.88.11] You cause death; you will do a marvel. If healers arise, they will thank you. Selah. [§]
Halametim taaseh pele im repa'im yakumu yodukha sela.
'Halametim' means 'you cause death' (from the root lamad meaning to cause death), 'taaseh' means 'you will do', 'pele' means 'a marvel' or 'wonder', 'im' means 'if', 'repa'im' means 'healers' or 'those who heal', 'yakumu' means 'they will arise' or 'they will stand up', 'yodukha' means 'they will thank you', 'sela' is a liturgical term often left untranslated as 'Selah'.
[PSA.88.12] Let your mercy be counted in the grave; let your faithfulness be counted in perdition. [§]
Hayesuppar ba'kever chasdeka emunateka ba'avadon.
'Hayesuppar' means 'let it be counted' (from the verb yasaf meaning 'to count'). 'ba'kever' means 'in the grave' (kaver = grave). 'chasdeka' means 'your mercy' (chesed = mercy, -ka = your). 'emunateka' means 'your faithfulness' (emunah = faithfulness, -ka = your). 'ba'avadon' means 'in perdition' or 'in destruction' (avon = ruin, -ad = in). The verse is a petition asking that God's mercy and faithfulness be regarded even in the places of death and ruin.
[PSA.88.13] He knows in darkness your wonders and your righteousness in the land of distress. [§]
hayiva ba-choshech pilekha ve-tzidkatekha be-eretz neshiyah.
'hayiva' means 'he knows' (from the root yada 'to know'), 'ba-choshech' means 'in darkness', 'pilekha' means 'your wonders', 've-tzidkatekha' means 'and your righteousness', 'be-eretz' means 'in the land', 'neshiyah' means 'distress' or 'affliction'.
[PSA.88.14] And I to you Yahveh have prayed, and in the morning my prayer will precede you. [§]
vaani elayka Yahveh shiva'ti uvaboker tefilati tekadmekha.
'vaani' means 'and I', 'elayka' means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God (YHVH), 'shiva'ti' means 'have prayed', 'uvaboker' means 'and in the morning', 'tefilati' means 'my prayer', 'tekadmekha' means 'will precede you' (or 'will go before you').
[PSA.88.15] Why, Yahveh, do you abandon my soul? Do you hide your face from me? [§]
Lama Yahveh tiznach nafshi tastir panecha mimeni.
'Lama' means 'why', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHWH, 'tiznach' means 'you abandon' or 'you forsake', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'tastir' means 'you hide', 'panecha' means 'your face', 'mimeni' means 'from me' or 'away from me'.
[PSA.88.16] I, a poor one, am troubled from my youth; I have lifted your mother and made her a reproach. [§]
ani ani vegoa minnoar nasati eimekha afuna.
'ani' means 'I' (also can mean 'poor one'), used here twice for emphasis. 'vegoa' means 'and I am troubled' or 'in distress'. 'minnoar' means 'from youth' or 'since I was young'. 'nasati' means 'I lifted', 'I bore', or 'I carried'. 'eimekha' means 'your mother'. 'afuna' is a rare form likely meaning 'I have made [it] a reproach' or 'I have caused disgrace'.
[PSA.88.17] Upon me your horns have passed, in your fury they have pierced me. [§]
Alay avru charonecha bi'utteicha tzimmotuni.
'Alay' means 'upon me' or 'against me', indicating that something is directed toward the speaker. 'Avru' means 'they have passed' or 'they have crossed'. 'Charonecha' is the plural form of 'horn', literally 'your horns', a metaphor for strength or power. 'Bi'utteicha' combines the preposition 'in' with a noun meaning 'your pride' or 'your fury', so it reads 'in your fury'. 'Tzimmotuni' is a verb form meaning 'they have cut me' or 'they have pierced me', indicating being wounded or afflicted.
[PSA.88.18] Surround me as the heavens; all day they have surrounded me together. [§]
Sabuni kamayim kol hayom hiqifu alai yachad.
'Sabuni' means 'surround me', 'kamayim' means 'as the heavens', 'kol hayom' means 'all day', 'hiqifu' means 'they surrounded', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'yachad' means 'together'.
[PSA.88.19] You have driven away from me a lover and an enemy; my known one is darkness. [§]
Hirchakta mimeni ohev va re'a meyuddai machashach.
'Hirchakta' means 'you have driven away' or 'you have removed', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'ohev' means 'a lover' or 'one who loves', 'va' means 'and', 're'a' means 'an enemy' or 'adversary', 'meyuddai' means 'my known one' or 'the one I recognize', 'machashach' means 'darkness'.
PSA.89
[PSA.89.1] Wise one to Ethan the Ezraite. [§]
Maskil leEitan haEzrachi.
'Maskil' means 'wise one' or 'teacher'; 'le' is a preposition meaning 'to' or 'for'; 'Eitan' is a proper name meaning 'strong' or 'steadfast'; 'ha' is the definite article 'the'; 'Ezrachi' is an adjective meaning 'of Ezra' or 'the Ezraite', indicating a person belonging to the group associated with Ezra.
[PSA.89.2] I will forever sing the mercies of Yahveh, from generation to generation I will proclaim your faithfulness with my mouth. [§]
Chasdei Yahveh olam ashira le-dor va-dor odi'a emunat'cha befi.
"Chasdei" means "mercies of", "Yahveh" means the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, "olam" means "forever" or "everlasting", "ashira" means "I will sing", "le-dor" means "to a generation", "va-dor" means "and to another generation", "odi'a" means "I will declare" or "proclaim", "emunat'cha" means "your faithfulness" (the covenant‑faithfulness of Yahveh), "befi" means "with my mouth".
[PSA.89.3] For I have said, forever lovingkindness will be built; the heavens will prepare your faithfulness in them. [§]
Ki amar ti olam chesed yibaneh shamayim tachin emunatcha bahem.
'Ki' means 'for', 'amar' means 'I said', 'ti' is the first‑person singular suffix, together 'I have said'; 'olam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting'; 'chesed' means 'lovingkindness' or 'steadfast love'; 'yibaneh' means 'will be built'; 'shamayim' means 'heavens'; 'tachin' means 'will prepare' or 'will make ready'; 'emunatcha' means 'your faithfulness' (the faithfulness belonging to you, addressed to God); 'bahem' means 'in them'.
[PSA.89.4] I have made a covenant with my chosen one; I have sworn to David my servant. [§]
Karatti berit livchiri nishba'ti leDavid avdi.
'Karatti' means 'I have made', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'livchiri' means 'to my chosen one', 'nishba'ti' means 'I have sworn', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'avdi' means 'my servant'.
[PSA.89.5] Forever I will establish your seed and I will build for generation after generation your throne, rock. [§]
ad olam achin zar'ekha uvaniti le-dor va-dor kis'acha sela.
'ad' means 'forever', 'olam' means 'eternity', together 'ad olam' means 'forever'. 'achin' means 'I will establish' or 'I will set up'. 'zar'ekha' means 'your seed' or 'your offspring', with 'your' referring to God. 'uvaniti' means 'and I will build'. 'le-dor' means 'to a generation', 'va-dor' means 'and to a generation' indicating successive generations, together 'le-dor va-dor' means 'for generation after generation'. 'kis'acha' means 'your throne', with 'your' again referring to God. 'sela' means 'rock', used here as a metaphorical name for God.
[PSA.89.6] And the heavens will give thanks for your wonders, Yahveh, also your faithfulness in the assembly of the holy. [§]
ve yodu shamayim pilacha Yahveh af emunetka bikahal kedoshim.
've' means 'and', 'yodu' means 'they will give thanks', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'pilacha' means 'your wonders', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'af' means 'also' or 'indeed', 'emunetka' means 'your faithfulness', 'bikahal' means 'in the assembly', 'kedoshim' means 'the holy ones' or 'saints'.
[PSA.89.7] Because who in laughter will set up to Yahveh will resemble Yahveh among the sons of the Gods. [§]
Ki mi ba-shachak ya'aroch la-Yahveh yidme la-Yahveh bi-b'nei elim.
'Ki' means 'because', 'mi' means 'who', 'ba-shachak' means 'in laughter', 'ya'aroch' means 'will set up' or 'will arrange', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'yidme' means 'will resemble', another 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'bi-b'nei' means 'among the sons of', and 'elim' means 'the Gods' (plural of God).
[PSA.89.8] God will be swift in the secret of many holy things, and terrible over all his surroundings. [§]
El na'aratz be-sod kedoshim rabbah ve-nora al kol sevivav.
'El' means 'God'. 'na'aratz' is a verb form meaning 'will be swift' or 'will run quickly'. 'be-sod' means 'in secret' or 'in a hidden way'. 'kedoshim' means 'holy ones' or 'the holy'. 'rabbah' means 'great' or 'many'. 've-nora' means 'and terrible' (adjective). 'al' means 'over' or 'against'. 'kol' means 'all'. 'sevivav' means 'his surroundings' or 'around him'.
[PSA.89.9] Yahveh the Gods of hosts, who is like you, mighty is Yah, and your faithfulness surrounds you. [§]
Yahveh Elohei Tzevaot, mi-kamocha chasin Yah ve-emunatecha svivotekha.
'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH; 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim and means 'of the Gods'; 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' or 'armies'; 'mi-kamocha' is a question word meaning 'who is like you'; 'chasin' means 'mighty' or 'strong'; 'Yah' is a short form of the divine name, literally 'Yah'; 've-emunatecha' combines the conjunction 've' (and) with 'emunah' (faithfulness) in the possessive form, meaning 'and your faithfulness'; 'svivotekha' means 'surrounds you' or 'encircles you'.
[PSA.89.10] You rule in the pride of the sea; when you lift its wave you will praise them. [§]
Atah moshel bege'ut ha-yam b'so galav av atah teshabchem.
'Atah' means 'you', 'moshel' means 'rules' or 'governs', 'bege'ut' means 'in the pride' or 'with the exultation', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 'b'so' means 'in lifting' or 'when raising', 'galav' means 'its wave' (the wave of the sea), the second 'atah' again means 'you', and 'teshabchem' means 'you will praise them'.
[PSA.89.11] You struck like a pest rushing by the arm of your strength, scattering your enemies. [§]
Attah dichita kechalal raham bizroa ozka pizzarta oyveika.
'Attah' means 'you', 'dichita' means 'you struck', 'kechalal' means 'like a pest', 'raham' means 'rushing' or 'swift', 'bizroa' means 'by the arm', 'ozka' means 'your strength', 'pizzarta' means 'you scattered', 'oyveika' means 'your enemies'.
[PSA.89.12] To you the heavens, and to you the earth, the world and its fullness, you have established them. [§]
Lecha shamayim af-lecha aretz tevel u-melo'ah atah yesad'tam.
'Lecha' means 'to you' or 'for you', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'af-lecha' means 'also to you' or 'and also for you', 'aretz' means 'earth', 'tevel' means 'world', 'u-melo'ah' means 'and its fullness', 'atah' means 'you', 'yesad'tam' means 'you have established them'.
[PSA.89.13] North and right you in your creation, Tabor and Hermon, in your name we will rejoice. [§]
Tzafon ve-yamin atah be-ra'tam Tavor ve-Hermon be-shimkha yiranneinu.
'Tzafon' means 'north', 've-yamin' means 'and right', 'atah' means 'you', 'be-ra'tam' means 'in your creation' (from the verb 'bara' to create, with the plural object suffix), 'Tavor' is the name of the mountain Tabor, 've-Hermon' means 'and Hermon' (the mountain), 'be-shimkha' means 'in your name', 'yiranneinu' means 'we will rejoice'.
[PSA.89.14] To you, an arm with strength; you will be strong, your hand will lift up your right hand. [§]
Lecha zeroa im gevurah ta'oz yadecha tarum yeminecha.
'Lecha' means 'to you' or 'for you', 'zeroa' means 'arm', 'im' means 'with', 'gevurah' means 'strength' or 'power', 'ta'oz' means 'you will be strong', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'tarum' means 'you will lift up' or 'raise', 'yeminecha' means 'your right (hand)'.
[PSA.89.15] Righteousness and judgment are the support of your throne; kindness and truth will go before you. [§]
tzedek u-mishpat mekhon kissekha chesed veemet yeqaddemu panecha.
'tzedek' means 'righteousness' or 'justice', 'u-mishpat' means 'and judgment', 'mekhon' means 'foundation' or 'support', 'kissekha' means 'your throne', 'chesed' means 'lovingkindness' or 'mercy', 'veemet' means 'and truth', 'yeqaddemu' means 'will go before' or 'will precede', 'panecha' means 'your face' or 'your presence'.
[PSA.89.16] Blessed are the people who know the shout, Yahveh; they shall walk in the light of your face. [§]
ashrei haam yodei teruah Yahveh beor panecha yehallekun.
'ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'happy', 'haam' means 'the people', 'yodei' means 'those who know', 'teruah' means 'a shout' or 'trumpet sound', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God represented by YHVH, 'beor' means 'in the light', 'panecha' means 'of your face' (your presence), 'yehallekun' means 'they shall walk' or 'they will go'.
[PSA.89.17] In your name they shall rejoice all the day, and in your righteousness they shall be lifted up. [§]
B'shimkha yigilon kol-hayom u'vetsidkatekha yarumu.
'B'shimkha' means 'in your name', 'yigilon' means 'they shall rejoice', 'kol-hayom' means 'all the day', 'u'vetsidkatekha' means 'and in your righteousness', 'yarumu' means 'they shall be lifted up'.
[PSA.89.18] For you are glorious in his strength, you, and in your will you will raise our horn. [§]
Ki tif'aret uzzo mo atah uvir'tsonacha tarim karneinu.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'tif'aret' means 'you are glorious' or 'you shine', 'uzzo' means 'strength', 'mo' is the possessive suffix meaning 'his', 'atah' means 'you' referring to God, 'uvir'tsonacha' means 'and in your will', 'tarim' means 'you will raise', 'karneinu' means 'our horn' (a symbol of strength or victory). The verse praises God's mighty strength and declares that, by His will, He will lift up the horn of His people.
[PSA.89.19] For Yahveh is our shield and the Holy One of Israel is our king. [§]
Ki laYahveh magenenu ve likodesh Yisrael malkeinu.
"Ki" means "for", "laYahveh" means "to Yahveh" (YHVH is rendered as "Yahveh"), "magenenu" means "our shield", "ve" means "and", "likodesh" means "to the Holy One", "Yisrael" means "of Israel", "malkeinu" means "our king".
[PSA.89.20] Then you spoke in a vision to your faithful ones, and you said, 'I have placed help upon the mighty; I will raise a chosen one from the people.' [§]
Az dibarta bechazon lachasidecha vatoamer shiviti ezer al gibbor harimoti bachur me'am.
'Az' means 'then', 'dibarta' means 'you spoke', 'bechazon' means 'in a vision', 'lachasidecha' means 'to your faithful ones', 'vatoamer' means 'and you said', 'shiviti' means 'I have placed', 'ezer' means 'help', 'al' means 'upon', 'gibbor' means 'the mighty', 'harimoti' means 'I will raise', 'bachur' means 'a chosen one', 'me'am' means 'from the people'.
[PSA.89.21] I have found David my servant, with my holy oil I anointed him. [§]
Matsati David avdi be-shemen qodshi meshachtiv.
'Matsati' means 'I have found', 'David' is the personal name David, 'avdi' means 'my servant', 'be-shemen' means 'with oil', 'qodshi' means 'my holy', 'meshachtiv' means 'I have anointed him'.
[PSA.89.22] Who will strengthen my hand with him, and my arm will strengthen him. [§]
asher yadi tikon imo af-zeroyi te'ametzenu.
'asher' means 'who/that', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'tikon' means 'you will strengthen', 'imo' means 'with him', 'af' means 'and', 'zeroyi' means 'my arm', 'te'ametzenu' means 'you will strengthen him'.
[PSA.89.23] No enemy will lift against him, and the son of iniquity will not oppress him. [§]
Lo yashi oyev bo u-ven avlah lo yeannenhu.
'Lo' means 'not'; 'yashi' means 'will lift' or 'will raise'; 'oyev' means 'enemy'; 'bo' means 'against him' or 'upon him'; 'u-ven' means 'and son'; 'avlah' means 'of iniquity' (wickedness); the second 'lo' means 'not'; 'yeannenhu' means 'will oppress' or 'will cause trouble to him'.
[PSA.89.24] And I will cut his enemies before him, and I will smite his haters. [§]
ve-katoti mi-panav tzarav u-mesane'av egof.
've' means 'and', 'katoti' means 'I will cut' (from the root meaning to cut or strike), 'mi' means 'from', 'panav' means 'his face' or 'before him', 'tzarav' means 'his enemies', 'u' means 'and', 'mesane'av' means 'his haters' (those who hate him), 'egof' means 'I will smite' or 'strike'.
[PSA.89.25] My faithfulness and my mercy are with him, and in my name his horn will be lifted. [§]
ve-emunati ve-chasdi immo u-vishmi tarum karnho.
've-emunati' means 'and my faithfulness', 've-chasdi' means 'and my mercy/kindness', 'immo' means 'with him', 'u-vishmi' means 'and in my name', 'tarum' means 'will be lifted', 'karnho' means 'his horn'.
[PSA.89.26] I will place my hand on the sea, and my right hand on the rivers. [§]
Ve-samti vayyam yado u-vanaharot yemino.
'Ve' means 'and', 'samti' means 'I will set' or 'I will place', 'vayyam' means 'on the sea', 'yado' means 'my hand' (literally 'his hand' but with the verb it refers to the speaker's hand), 'u-vanaharot' means 'and upon the rivers', 'yemino' means 'my right (hand)'.
[PSA.89.27] He calls me, my father; you are my God and rock of my salvation. [§]
hu yikraeni abi atah eli ve tzur yeshuati.
'hu' means 'He' (referring to God), 'yikraeni' means 'calls me', 'abi' means 'my father', 'atah' means 'you', 'eli' means 'my God' (El rendered as God), 've' means 'and', 'tzur' means 'rock', 'yeshuati' means 'of my salvation'.
[PSA.89.28] Even I, the firstborn, will give him, the Most High, to the kings of the earth. [§]
Af-ani bekhor etnehu Elyon leMalkhei-aretz.
'Af' means 'even' or 'also', 'ani' means 'I', 'bekhor' means 'firstborn', 'etnehu' means 'I will give him/it', 'Elyon' means 'the Most High', 'le' means 'to', 'Malkhei' means 'kings', 'aretz' means 'earth'.
[PSA.89.29] Forever I will keep for him my lovingkindness and my covenant faithful to him. [§]
Le'olam eshmar-lo chasdi u'veriti ne'emenet lo.
'Le'olam' means 'forever', 'eshmar-lo' means 'I will keep for him', 'chasdi' means 'my lovingkindness', 'u'veriti' means 'and my covenant', 'ne'emenet' means 'faithful', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'for him'.
[PSA.89.30] And I will set his seed forever, and his throne as the days of heaven. [§]
ve-samti la'ad zar'o ve-kis'o ki-mei shamayim.
've' means 'and', 'samti' means 'I will set' or 'I will place', 'la'ad' means 'forever', 'zar'o' means 'his seed' or 'his offspring', the second 've' means 'and', 'kis'o' means 'his throne', 'ki-mei' means 'as the days of', 'shamayim' means 'heavens' or 'the sky'.
[PSA.89.31] If his children forsake my law and do not walk in my judgments. [§]
Im yaazvu banav torati uve-mishpatai lo yeilekhun.
'Im' means 'if', 'yaazvu' means 'they will forsake', 'banav' means 'his children', 'torati' means 'my law', 'uve-mishpatai' means 'and in my judgments', 'lo' means 'not', 'yeilekhun' means 'they will walk'.
[PSA.89.32] If they profane my statutes and do not keep my commandments. [§]
Im hukkotai yehalelu u-mitsvotai lo yishmeru.
'Im' means 'if', 'hukkotai' means 'my statutes', 'yehalelu' means 'they profane' or 'they treat with contempt', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'mitsvotai' means 'my commandments', 'lo' means 'not', 'yishmeru' means 'they keep' or 'they observe'.
[PSA.89.33] And I have taken notice with the rod of their rebellion and with their wounds their guilt. [§]
Ufaqadti ve'shevet pisham uvinga'im avonam.
'Ufaqadti' means 'I have taken notice' or 'I have appointed'. 'Ve'shevet' means 'by the staff' or 'with the rod'. 'Pisham' means 'their rebellion' or 'their transgression'. 'Uvinga'im' means 'and with their stings' or 'their wounds'. 'Avonam' means 'their guilt' or 'their iniquity'. The conjunction 'u-' at the start of each clause means 'and'.
[PSA.89.34] And I will not withhold my lovingkindness from him, nor will I be false in my faithfulness. [§]
vechasadi lo-apir me'imo ve-lo-ashakeir be'emunati.
've' means 'and', 'chasadi' means 'my lovingkindness' or 'my steadfast love', 'lo' means 'not', 'apir' means 'I will withhold' or 'I will deny', 'me'imo' means 'from him', 've' means 'and' again, 'lo' means 'not', 'ashakeir' means 'I will be false' or 'I will lie', 'be'emunati' means 'in my faithfulness' or 'in my trust'.
[PSA.89.35] I will not profane my covenant, and I will not utter falsehood. [§]
Lo achallel beriti u-motza sefatai lo ashaneh.
'Lo' means 'not'; 'achallel' means 'I will profane' or 'desecrate'; 'beriti' means 'my covenant'; 'u-' is the conjunction 'and'; 'motza' means 'the outflow' or 'what comes out'; 'sefatai' means 'of my lips'; together 'motza sefatai' means 'what comes out of my lips'; the second 'lo' again means 'not'; 'ashaneh' means 'I will speak falsehood' or 'I will pervert'.
[PSA.89.36] Only one I have sworn in my holiness, if I will lie to David. [§]
Achat nishba'ti be'kadshi im leDavid akazev.
'Achat' means 'one' or 'only one'; 'nishba'ti' means 'I have sworn'; 'be'kadshi' means 'in my holiness'; 'im' means 'if' (or 'whether'); 'leDavid' means 'to David'; 'akazev' means 'I will lie' or 'I will deceive'.
[PSA.89.37] His seed shall be forever, and his throne like the sun before me. [§]
Zarro leolam yihyeh ve-kisso kashamesh negdi.
'Zarro' means 'his seed', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 've-' means 'and', 'kisso' means 'his throne', 'kashamesh' means 'like the sun', 'negdi' means 'before me' (or 'opposite me').
[PSA.89.38] As the moon will endure forever, and a faithful witness in laughter, Selah. [§]
ke-yareach yikkon olam ve-ed ba-shachak ne'eman selah.
'ke-yareach' means 'as the moon', 'yikkon' means 'will endure', 'olam' means 'forever', 've-ed' means 'and a witness', 'ba-shachak' means 'in laughter', 'ne\'eman' means 'faithful', 'selah' is a musical or liturgical pause.
[PSA.89.39] And you have forsaken and despised, you have become angry with your Messiah. [§]
ve'atah zanachta va-timmass hi-ta'abbarta im-meshihecha.
've'atah' means 'and you', 'zanachta' means 'you have forsaken', 'va-timmass' means 'and you have despised', 'hi-ta'abbarta' means 'you have become angry' or 'you have been offended', 'im' means 'with', 'meshihecha' means 'your Messiah' (the anointed one).
[PSA.89.40] You have cursed the covenant of your servant; you have profaned the earth and its offspring. [§]
Ne'arta b'rit avdecha hilalta la'aretz nizro.
'Ne'arta' means 'you have cursed', 'b'rit' means 'covenant', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'hilalta' means 'you have profaned', 'la'aretz' means 'the earth' (literally 'to the earth'), 'nizro' means 'its offspring' or 'its seed'.
[PSA.89.41] You broke all its fences; you made its fortresses a ruin. [§]
paratsta kol gederotav samta mivtzarav mechita.
'paratsta' means 'you broke', 'kol' means 'all', 'gederotav' means 'its fences', 'samta' means 'you made', 'mivtzarav' means 'its fortresses', 'mechita' means 'a desolation' or 'a ruin'.
[PSA.89.42] He struck him down; all who passed the road saw it was a disgrace to his neighbors. [§]
Shasuhu kol-ovrei darekh hayah cherpah lishkenav.
'Shasuhu' is a verb meaning 'he struck him down' or 'he caused him to fall'. 'kol-ovrei' means 'all those who pass', literally 'all-passers'. 'darekh' means 'road' or 'way'. 'hayah' means 'was' or 'became'. 'cherpah' means 'a disgrace' or 'shame'. 'lishkenav' means 'to his neighbors'.
[PSA.89.43] Raise the right hand of his rock, you have made all his enemies glad. [§]
Harim yemin tzurav hisimachta kol oyevav.
'Harim' means 'raise' (imperative), 'yemin' means 'right hand', 'tzurav' means 'his rock', 'hisimachta' means 'you made glad', 'kol' means 'all', 'oyevav' means 'his enemies'.
[PSA.89.44] Even if you turn back the Rock’s sword, you will not establish it in war. [§]
Af-tashiv Tzur charvo velo hakeimoto bamMilchamah.
'Af' means 'even' or 'indeed', 'tashiv' is the future second‑person singular of the verb 'return' or 'turn back', 'Tzur' means 'Rock' (a title used for God), 'charvo' means 'his sword', 'velo' means 'and not', 'hakeimoto' is the future second‑person singular form meaning 'you will establish it', and 'bamMilchamah' means 'in war' or 'in battle'.
[PSA.89.45] You have turned away his purity, and his throne is for the earth, you have made it to dwell. [§]
Hishbata mit-haro ve-ksso la-aretz migarta.
'Hishbata' is the hiphil (causative) perfect 2nd person masculine singular of the verb shavat meaning 'you have turned away' or 'you have cast off'. 'mit-haro' is the noun 'purity' (tahor) with the preposition 'mi' meaning 'from', together 'from his purity'. 've-ksso' is the conjunction 'and' (ve) plus 'his throne' (ksso). 'la-aretz' is the preposition 'to/for' (la) combined with 'the earth' (aretz). 'migarta' is the verb from the root 'gar' meaning 'to dwell' in the perfect 2nd person masculine singular with the prefix 'mi', here understood as 'you have caused it to dwell' or 'you have made it to dwell'.
[PSA.89.46] You have shortened the days of his youth; you have placed shame upon him. Selah. [§]
hiqtartzta yemei alumaiv he'etita alav bushah selah.
'hiqtartzta' means 'you have shortened', 'yemei' means 'the days of', 'alumaiv' means 'his youth', 'he'etita' means 'you have placed upon', 'alav' means 'him', 'bushah' means 'shame', 'selah' is a liturgical musical pause.
[PSA.89.47] How long, Yahveh, will you hide forever? Will your wrath burn like fire. [§]
Ad-mah Yahveh tisater lanetzach tivar kemo esh chamathekha.
'Ad-mah' means 'how long', 'Yahveh' is the literal name for YHVH, 'tisater' means 'will you hide', 'lanetzach' means 'forever', 'tivar' means 'will (you) burn', 'kemo' means 'like', 'esh' means 'fire', 'chamathekha' means 'your wrath'.
[PSA.89.48] Remember, I what marvel over what emptiness you have created all the sons of man. [§]
Zekhar Ani mah chaled al mah shavah barata kol b'nei adam.
'Zekhar' means 'remember' (imperative). 'Ani' means 'I'. 'Mah' means 'what'. 'Chaled' means 'wonder' or 'marvel'. 'Al' means 'for' or 'over'. The second 'mah' again means 'what'. 'Shavah' means 'emptiness' or 'vanity'. 'Barata' means 'you created' (from the verb bara). 'Kol' means 'all'. 'B'nei adam' means 'sons of man' (i.e., people).
[PSA.89.49] Who is a man that will live and not see death? He will rescue his soul from the hand of the grave. Selah. [§]
Mi gever yichyeh velo yireh-mavet yemale't nafsho miyad-she'ol selah.
'Mi' means 'who', 'gever' means 'a man' or 'a strong one', 'yichyeh' means 'will live', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yireh' means 'will see', 'mavet' means 'death', 'yemale't' means 'will rescue', 'nafsho' means 'his soul', 'mi' means 'from', 'yad' means 'hand', 'she'ol' means 'the grave' (the realm of the dead), 'selah' is a liturgical pause or musical interlude.
[PSA.89.50] Where are your former mercies, my Lord? You have sworn to David by your faithfulness. [§]
Ayyeh hasadekha harishonim Adonai nishbata leDavid beemunatekha.
'Ayyeh' means 'where', 'hasadekha' means 'your love/mercy', 'harishonim' means 'the former/early', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'nishbata' means 'you have sworn', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'beemunatekha' means 'by your faithfulness'.
[PSA.89.51] Remember, my Lord, the contempt of your servants; my burden in my bosom is all the many peoples. [§]
Zekhor Adonai cherpat avadecha she'eti becheiki kol-rabbim amim.
'Zekhor' means 'Remember', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'cherpat' means 'the contempt' or 'shame', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'she'eti' means 'my burden' or 'what I carry', 'becheiki' means 'in my bosom' or 'in my heart', 'kol' means 'all', 'rabbim' means 'the many' or 'the multitude', 'amim' means 'peoples' or 'nations'.
[PSA.89.52] Who mocked your enemies, Yahveh, who mocked the tracks of your anointed one. [§]
Asher cherpu oyveikha Yahveh asher cherpu ikvot meshichekha.
'Asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'cherpu' means 'they mocked' or 'they despised', 'oyveikha' means 'your enemies', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ikvot' means 'tracks' or 'footsteps', 'meshichekha' means 'your anointed one' (the Messiah).
[PSA.89.53] Blessed Yahveh forever, amen and amen. [§]
Baruch Yahveh le'olam amen ve'amen.
'Baruch' means 'blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'for all time', 'amen' means 'truly' or 'so be it', and the prefixed 've' means 'and', so 've'amen' is 'and truly' (often rendered as a double affirmation).
PSA.90
[PSA.90.1] Prayer of Moses, a man of the Gods, my Lord, you have been our refuge in generation after generation. [§]
Tefillah leMoshe ish haElohim Adonai maon atah hayita lanu be-dor va-dor.
'Tefillah' means 'prayer', 'leMoshe' means 'of Moses', 'ish' means 'man', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'maon' means 'refuge' or 'dwelling place', 'atah' means 'you', 'hayita' means 'you were' or 'you have been', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'be' means 'in', 'dor' means 'generation', and 'va' is a conjunction meaning 'and' linking another 'dor' for 'generation'.
[PSA.90.2] Before the mountains were born and the earth was formed and the world, from eternity to eternity you, God. [§]
beterem harim yulladu vatecholel erets vetevel umeolam ad olam atah El.
'beterem' means 'before', 'harim' means 'the mountains', 'yulladu' means 'were born', 'vatecholel' means 'and (you) formed', 'erets' means 'the earth', 'vetevel' means 'and the world', 'umeolam' means 'from eternity', 'ad olam' means 'to eternity', 'atah' means 'you', 'El' means 'God'.
[PSA.90.3] You will return, O man, until Dakka, and she said, Return, children of man. [§]
tashav enosh ad-dakka vatoamer shuvu b'nei adam.
'tashav' means 'you will return', 'enosh' means 'man' or 'human', 'ad' means 'until', 'dakka' is a proper name meaning 'crushing' or a place named Dakka, 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'shuvu' means 'return!' as a plural imperative, 'b'nei adam' means 'children of man' i.e., 'human beings'.
[PSA.90.4] For a thousand years in your eyes are as a day yesterday, for it passes like a watch in the night. [§]
Ki eleph shanim be'einecha ke-yom etmol ki ya'avor ve'ashmurah ba-lailah.
'Ki' means 'For', 'eleph' means 'a thousand', 'shanim' means 'years', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'ke-yom' means 'as a day', 'etmol' means 'yesterday', 'ki' means 'for/because', 'ya'avor' means 'it passes', 've'ashmurah' means 'and like a watch', 'ba-lailah' means 'in the night'.
[PSA.90.5] You crush them again; in the morning they will be like straw that is wrapped. [§]
zeramtam shena yihyu baboker kechatzir yachalef.
'zeramtam' means 'you crush them', 'shena' means 'again' or 'a second time', 'yihyu' means 'they will be', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'kechatzir' means 'like straw', 'yachalef' means 'will be wrapped or covered'.
[PSA.90.6] In the morning he shines and is fresh; in the evening he wilts and dries. [§]
Ba boreh yatzitz vechalaf la'erev yemolel veyavesh.
'Ba' means 'in', 'boreh' means 'the morning', 'yatzitz' means 'he shines' or 'he sprouts', 've' means 'and', 'chalaf' means 'he is fresh' or 'he is green', 'la'erev' means 'in the evening', 'yemolel' means 'he wilts', 'veyavesh' means 'and he dries'.
[PSA.90.7] For we are utterly consumed by Yahveh's anger, and in Yahveh's jealousy we are terrified. [§]
Ki - chalinu be'apecha u'vechamatcha nibelnu.
'Ki' means 'for', 'chalinu' means 'we have become completely' or 'we are utterly', 'be'apecha' means 'in your anger' (the 'your' referring to Yahveh), 'u'vechamatcha' means 'and in your jealousy/zeal', 'nibelnu' means 'we are terrified' or 'we are shaken'. The pronoun 'your' is rendered as belonging to Yahveh, the name of God.
[PSA.90.8] You have placed our sins before you, our hidden sins to the light of your face. [§]
Shat avonoteinu le-negdecha alumeinu li-m'or panecha.
'Shat' means 'you have placed' (2nd person masculine singular perfect of the verb set), 'avonoteinu' means 'our sins', 'le-negdecha' means 'before you' (preposition 'to' + 'face' with your suffix), 'alumeinu' means 'our hidden (things/sins)', 'li-m'or' means 'to the light', and 'panecha' means 'your face'.
[PSA.90.9] Because all our days have turned in your service; we have finished our years like a breath. [§]
Ki kol-yamenu panu be'evratekha kilinu shenenu kemo-hege.
'Ki' means 'because', 'kol' means 'all', 'yamenu' means 'our days', 'panu' means 'they have turned', 'be'evratekha' means 'in your service', 'kilinu' means 'we have finished', 'sheneinu' means 'our years', 'kemo' means 'like', 'hege' means 'a breath'.
[PSA.90.10] The days of our years in them are seventy years, and if in mighty strength [they are] eight years, and their end is toil and trouble, for the years have passed swiftly and we are overwhelmed. [§]
Yemei shenoteinu bahem shivim shanah veim bigvurot shmonim shanah ve-rahavah amal vaaven ki gaz chiash ve-naupah.
'Yemei' means 'the days', 'shenoteinu' means 'of our years', 'bahem' means 'in them', 'shivim' means 'seventy', 'shanah' means 'year(s)', 'veim' means 'and if', 'bigvurot' means 'in mighty strength', 'shmonim' means 'eight', 've-rahavah' means 'their end' (literally 'their spoil'), 'amal' means 'labour' or 'toil', 'vaaven' means 'and trouble', 'ki' means 'for', 'gaz' means 'has passed', 'chiash' means 'swiftly', 've-naupah' means 'and we are overwhelmed' or 'and we are swallowed'.
[PSA.90.11] Who knows the strength of Yahveh's anger and the terror of Yahveh's transgression. [§]
Mi yodea oz apecha u'k'yir'atecha evratecha.
'Mi' means 'who', 'yodea' means 'knows', 'oz' means 'strength' or 'might', 'apecha' means 'your anger', 'u'' means 'and', 'k'yir'atecha' means 'as your fear' or 'the terror of you', 'evratecha' means 'your transgression' or 'your iniquity'. The pronoun 'your' refers to the divine address, which is rendered as Yahveh according to the literal translation rule for the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.90.12] To the end of our days, thus declare and prophesy to the heart of wisdom. [§]
Limmnot yameinu ken hoda ve-nava levav chokhmah.
'Limmnot' means 'to the limit' or 'to the end', 'yameinu' means 'our days', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'hoda' is the imperative form of 'to declare' meaning 'declare' or 'make known', 've-nava' is the conjunction 'and' plus the verb 'to prophesy' in the imperative, meaning 'and prophesy', 'levav' means 'to the heart', and 'chokhmah' means 'wisdom'.
[PSA.90.13] Return, Yahveh, how long? And have compassion on your servants. [§]
Shuvah Yahveh ad matay vehinachem al avadeikha.
'Shuvah' means 'return' (imperative), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ad' means 'until' or 'how long', 'matay' means 'when' or 'how long', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'hinachem' means 'have compassion' or 'be merciful', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'avadeikha' means 'your servants' (avod = servant, -eikha = your).
[PSA.90.14] Satisfy us in the morning with your mercy, and we shall shout for joy and be glad all our days. [§]
Sabbe'enu ba-boker chasdecha ve-nirannenah ve-nismachah be-khol yamenu.
'Sabbe'enu' means 'satisfy us' or 'fill us', 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'chasdecha' means 'your mercy (your steadfast love)', 've-nirannenah' means 'and we shall shout for joy', 've-nismachah' means 'and we shall be glad', 'be-khol' means 'in all' and 'yamenu' means 'our days'.
[PSA.90.15] Make us rejoice as days you have afflicted us; we have seen years of evil. [§]
Samcheinu kiymot initanun shenot rainu raah.
'Samcheinu' means 'Make us rejoice', 'kiymot' means 'as days', 'initanun' means 'you have afflicted us', 'shenot' means 'years', 'rainu' means 'we have seen', 'raah' means 'evil'.
[PSA.90.16] He will appear to your servants, your work, and your splendor upon their children. [§]
Yireh el avadecha paalekha vahadarkha al-bneihem.
'Yireh' means 'he will see' or 'he will appear', 'el' is the preposition 'to' (not the divine name here), 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'paalekha' means 'your work', 'vahadarkha' means 'and your splendor', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', and 'bneihem' means 'their children'.
[PSA.90.17] Let the favor of my Lord our Gods be upon us and the work of our hands be established upon us, and the work of our hands be established. [§]
Viyhi noam Adonai Eloheinu aleinu uma'aseh yadeinu konna aleinu uma'aseh yadeinu konnehu.
'Viyhi' means 'let it be', 'noam' means 'favor' or 'pleasantness', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Eloheinu' means 'our Gods' (literally 'our Elohim'), 'aleinu' means 'upon us', 'u' before a word means 'and', 'ma'aseh' means 'work' or 'deed', 'yadeinu' means 'our hands', 'konna' means 'establish' (imperative form), 'konnehu' means 'establish it' (with object pronoun).
PSA.91
[PSA.91.1] He who dwells in the secret place of the Most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty. [§]
Yoshev be seter Elyon be tzel Shaddai yitlonan.
'Yoshev' means 'he who dwells', 'be' means 'in' or 'under', 'seter' means 'secret place', 'Elyon' is a name meaning 'the Most High', 'tzel' means 'shadow', 'Shaddai' is a name meaning 'the Almighty', 'yitlonan' means 'he shall abide' or 'he will dwell'.
[PSA.91.2] I will say to Yahveh, my refuge and my stronghold, my God, I trust in him. [§]
Omar laYahveh machsi u-metzudati Elohai evtach-bo.
'Omar' means 'I will say', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'machsi' means 'my refuge', 'u-metzudati' means 'and my stronghold', 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'evtach-bo' means 'I trust in him'.
[PSA.91.3] For He will save you from the snare of a fowler, from the pestilence of the plague. [§]
Ki hu yatzilcha mipach yakush midaver havot.
'Ki' means 'for', 'hu' means 'he' (referring to God), 'yatzilcha' means 'will save you', 'mipach' means 'from the snare', 'yakush' means 'of the fowler', 'midaver' means 'from the pestilence', 'havot' means 'of the plague'.
[PSA.91.4] By his covering he will spread over you, and under his wings you will find refuge; his truth is a shield. [§]
Be'evrato yassech lakh ve'tachat k'nafav techaseh tsinnah ve'sochehrah amito.
'Be'evrato' means 'by his covering', 'yassech' means 'he will spread/cover', 'lakh' means 'over you', 've'tachat' means 'and under', 'k'nafav' means 'his wings', 'techaseh' means 'you will find refuge', 'tsinnah' means 'a feather/wing', 've'sochehrah' means 'and a shield', 'amito' means 'his truth'.
[PSA.91.5] You shall not fear the terror of night, nor the arrow that flies by day. [§]
Lo ti'ra mi-pachad layla me-chetz ya'uf yomam.
'Lo' means 'not', 'ti'ra' means 'you will fear', 'mi-pachad' means 'from terror', 'layla' means 'night', 'me-chetz' means 'from arrow', 'ya'uf' means 'will swoop' or 'flies', 'yomam' means 'by day'.
[PSA.91.6] A disease walks in darkness; from a wound it will sit at noon. [§]
Middever baofel yahalokh miketev yashud tzaharayim.
'Middever' means 'a disease' or 'plague'; 'baofel' means 'in darkness'; 'yahalokh' means 'he/it walks' or 'goes'; 'miketev' means 'from a wound'; 'yashud' means 'he/it will sit'; 'tzaharayim' means 'noon' or 'midday'.
[PSA.91.7] A thousand will fall from your side, and a great multitude from your right; none will draw near to you. [§]
Yippol mitsidkha eleph urevavah miminekha eleykha lo yigash.
'Yippol' means 'will fall', 'mitsidkha' means 'from your side', 'eleph' means 'a thousand', 'urevavah' means 'and a great multitude', 'miminnekha' means 'from your right', 'eleykha' means 'to you', 'lo' means 'not', 'yigash' means 'will draw near' or 'will approach'.
[PSA.91.8] Only in your eyes you will look, and you will see the recompense of the wicked. [§]
Rak be'einecha tabit ve-shillumot reshaim tireh.
'Rak' means 'only', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'tabit' means 'you look', 've-shillumot' means 'and the recompense', 'reshaim' means 'of the wicked', 'tireh' means 'you will see'.
[PSA.91.9] For you, Yahveh, are my refuge, the Most High, you have set your dwelling. [§]
Ki attah Yahveh machsi Elyon samta meonekha.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because'; 'attah' means 'you' (singular masculine); 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH; 'machsi' means 'my refuge'; 'Elyon' means 'the Most High'; 'samta' means 'you have set' or 'placed'; 'meonekha' means 'your dwelling' or 'your habitation'.
[PSA.91.10] No evil shall be turned against you, and no plague shall draw near your tent. [§]
Lo - teune lecha raah ve'nega lo yikrav be'aholecha.
'Lo' means 'not' or 'no'. 'Teune' is a verb meaning 'shall be turned against' or 'shall afflict'. 'Lecha' means 'to you' (second person singular). 'Raah' means 'evil' or 'misfortune'. 'Ve'nega' is a conjunction 'and' plus 'nega' meaning 'plague' or 'disease'. 'Lo' again means 'not'. 'Yikrav' is a verb meaning 'shall draw near' or 'shall approach'. 'Be'aholecha' means 'in your tent' (the word for dwelling place).
[PSA.91.11] For his angels will command you to keep you in all your ways. [§]
Ki mal'achav yetzaveh-lech lishmorcha bechol derachecha.
'Ki' means 'for', 'mal'achav' means 'his angels', 'yetzaveh-lech' means 'will command you', 'lishmorcha' means 'to keep you', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'derachecha' means 'your ways'.
[PSA.91.12] On the palms they will lift you lest your foot be struck by a stone. [§]
Al-kappayim yisa'unkha pen-tigof ba'even raglekh.
'Al' means 'on', 'kappayim' means 'palms' (literally 'hands'), 'yisa'unkha' means 'they will lift you' (third person plural future), 'pen' means 'lest' or 'in case', 'tigof' means 'you shall strike' (you will be struck), 'ba'even' means 'by a stone', 'raglekh' means 'your foot'.
[PSA.91.13] Upon the fox and the serpent you will tread, you will crush the lion and the dragon. [§]
Al-shachal vafen tidrokh tirmos kefir ve-tanin.
'Al' means 'upon'. 'shachal' means 'fox'. 'vefen' means 'and serpent'. 'tidrokh' means 'you will tread' (second person masculine singular future). 'tirmos' means 'you will crush' or 'you will trample'. 'kefir' means 'lion' (young lion). 've-tanin' means 'and dragon' (a large sea monster or crocodile). The structure is two clauses separated by a comma, each describing what the subject will do to the animals.
[PSA.91.14] Because in me there is anger and I will rescue him, I will strengthen him because he knows my name. [§]
Ki bi chashek va'afaltehu ashagvehu ki yada shemi.
"Ki" means "because", "bi" means "in me" (preposition "in" with first‑person singular suffix), "chashek" means "anger" or "fury" (from the root ח‑ש‑ק), "va'afaltehu" means "and I will rescue him" (the verb אֶפְלֹט ‘to rescue’ plus the object pronoun him), "ashagvehu" means "I will strengthen him" (the verb שָׂגַב ‘to be strong, to support’ with first‑person singular subject and object pronoun him), "ki" again means "because", "yada" means "he knows" (third‑person masculine singular perfect of יָדַע), and "shemi" means "my name".
[PSA.91.15] He will call me and I will answer him; with him I am in trouble, I will rescue him and I will honor him. [§]
Yikraeni veanehu immo anokhi be tsara achalz ehu vaachabdehu.
'Yikraeni' means 'He will call me', 'veanehu' means 'and I will answer him', 'immo' means 'with him', 'anokhi' means 'I', 'be tsara' means 'in trouble' or 'in distress', 'achalz ehu' means 'I will rescue him', 'vaachabdehu' means 'and I will honor him'.
[PSA.91.16] I will grant him long days, satisfy him, and I will see him in my salvation. [§]
Orekh yamim ashbiecehu ve'arehu bishuati.
'Orekh' means 'long' or 'extended', 'yamim' means 'days', 'ashbiecehu' means 'I will satisfy him' or 'I will cause him to have enough', 've'arehu' means 'and I will see him', 'bishuati' means 'in my salvation' (with 'my' indicating the speaker's salvation). The phrase thus speaks of granting longevity and satisfaction, followed by a promise of seeing the person within the speaker's act of saving.
PSA.92
[PSA.92.1] Psalm, a song for the Sabbath day. [§]
Mizmor shir le-yom ha-shabbat.
'Mizmor' means 'psalm', 'shir' means 'song', 'le-yom' means 'for the day', 'ha-shabbat' means 'the Sabbath'.
[PSA.92.2] It is good to give thanks to Yahveh and to sing to your name Most High. [§]
Tov lehodot laYahveh ulezamer leshimkha Elyon.
'Tov' means 'good', 'lehodot' means 'to give thanks', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'ulezamer' means 'and to sing', 'leshimkha' means 'to your name' (kha = your), 'Elyon' means 'Most High'.
[PSA.92.3] To declare in the morning your lovingkindness and your faithfulness in the nights. [§]
Lehagid ba-boker chasdecha ve'emunatecha ba-leilot.
'Lehagid' means 'to declare', 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'chasdecha' means 'your lovingkindness', 've'emunatecha' means 'and your faithfulness', 'ba-leilot' means 'in the nights'.
[PSA.92.4] Upon the ten and upon the lyre, upon shouts with a harp. [§]
Alei asor va-alei nevel alei higgayon be kinor.
'Alei' means 'upon' or 'for', 'asor' means 'ten', 'va-alei' means 'and upon', 'nevel' means 'stringed instrument' (lyre or harp), 'higgayon' means 'shouts' or 'exultant sounds', 'be kinor' means 'with a harp'.
[PSA.92.5] For Yahveh has made me glad by your work; by the deeds of your hands I will sing. [§]
Ki simmachta'ni YHWH bepa'olekha bema'asei yadeikha arannen.
'Ki' means 'for', 'simmachta'ni' means 'you have made me glad', 'YHWH' is the divine name rendered as Yahveh, 'bepa'olekha' means 'by your work', 'bema'asei' means 'by the deeds', 'yadeikha' means 'of your hands', 'arannen' means 'I will sing' or 'I will shout with joy'.
[PSA.92.6] How great are your works, Yahveh; very deep are your thoughts. [§]
mah gadlu maasekha Yahveh meod amku machshvotekha.
'mah' means 'how', 'gadlu' means 'great are', 'maasekha' means 'your works', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly', 'amku' means 'deep', 'machshvotekha' means 'your thoughts' or 'your plans'.
[PSA.92.7] A countryman does not know, and a fool does not understand this. [§]
Ish ba'ar lo yeda' vekesil lo yavin et zot.
'Ish' means 'man', 'ba'ar' means 'of the field' or 'rural', together 'a countryman'. 'lo' means 'not'. 'yeda'' means 'knows'. 've' is the conjunction 'and'. 'kesil' means 'fool'. The second 'lo' again means 'not'. 'yavin' means 'understands'. 'et' is the direct‑object marker. 'zot' means 'this'.
[PSA.92.8] When the wicked blossom like grass and they flourish, all the workers of iniquity shall be destroyed forever. [§]
bifroach r'sha'im kemo esev vayatzitsu kol-po'alei aven le'hishamdam adei'ad.
'bifroach' means 'when [they] blossom', 'r'sha'im' means 'the wicked', 'kemo' means 'like', 'esev' means 'grass', 'vayatzitsu' means 'and they will flourish', 'kol-po'alei' means 'all the workers of', 'aven' means 'iniquity', 'le'hishamdam' means 'to be destroyed', 'adei'ad' means 'forever'.
[PSA.92.9] And you are exalted forever, Yahveh. [§]
Ve'atah marom le'olam Yahveh.
'Ve'atah' means 'and you', 'marom' means 'exalted' or 'high', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[PSA.92.10] For, behold, your enemies, O Yahveh; for, behold, your enemies will be destroyed, they will be scattered, all the workers of iniquity. [§]
Ki hineh oyvecha Yahveh ki‑hineh oyvecha yovdu yitpardu kol po'alei avon.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'oyvecha' means 'your enemies', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki‑hineh' repeats 'for behold', the second 'oyvecha' again means 'your enemies', 'yovdu' means 'they will be destroyed', 'yitpardu' means 'they will be scattered', 'kol' means 'all', 'po'alei' means 'workers' or 'doers of', and 'avon' means 'iniquity' or 'wickedness'. The name Yahveh is treated as a vocative address ("O Yahveh").
[PSA.92.11] And she rose as they see, my horn, in my (unspecified) place, with fresh oil. [§]
vaterem kireim karny balloti beshmen raanan.
'vaterem' means 'and she/it rose' (vav + imperfect of רום). 'kireim' means 'as (they) see' or 'like seeing'. 'karny' means 'my horn' (קֶרֶן with first‑person singular suffix). 'balloti' is a difficult word; it appears to be a construct form possibly meaning 'in my ...' (the exact nuance is uncertain without further context). 'beshmen' means 'with oil' (בְּשֶׁמֶן). 'raanan' means 'fresh' or 'new' (רַעֲנָן).
[PSA.92.12] And my eyes looked at the foes rising against me, the evildoers; they will be heard by my ear. [§]
vatabet eyni be'shuray baqammim alay mereim tishma'na oznai.
'vatabet' means 'and (I) looked', 'eyni' means 'my eye(s)', 'be'shuray' means 'against my foes' (the word shur can denote a hostile one), 'baqammim' means 'those who rise/come up', 'alay' means 'against me', 'mereim' means 'evil ones' or 'adversaries', 'tishma'na' means 'they will hear', and 'oznai' means 'my ear'. The phrase as a whole describes the speaker watching hostile enemies rise against him and noting that his ear will hear them.
[PSA.92.13] The righteous will blossom like a palm, and like a cedar in Lebanon he will thrive. [§]
tzaddik ka-tamar yifrach ke-erez bal-levonon yisgeh.
'tzaddik' means 'righteous', 'ka-tamar' means 'like a palm', 'yifrach' means 'will blossom or flourish', 'ke-erez' means 'like a cedar', 'bal-levonon' means 'in Lebanon', 'yisgeh' means 'will thrive or prosper'.
[PSA.92.14] Planted in the house of Yahveh, in the courtyards of our God they shall cause to blossom. [§]
Shetilim bebeit Yahveh bechatztrot Eloheinu yafrihu.
'Shetilim' means 'planted', 'bebeit' means 'in the house of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'bechatztrot' means 'in the courtyards of', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God', 'yafrihu' means 'they will cause to blossom' or 'they shall make blossom'.
[PSA.92.15] Again they will be renewed in season; the old and the fresh shall be. [§]
od yenuvun be'seivah deshenim ve'ra'anannim yihyu.
'od' means 'again' or 'still', 'yenuvun' is the verb meaning 'they will be renewed', 'be'seivah' means 'in season' or 'at the proper time', 'deshenim' means 'the old' or 'the aged', 've'ra'anannim' means 'and the fresh' or 'the young', 'yihyu' means 'they will be' or 'shall be'.
[PSA.92.16] To proclaim that Yahveh is upright, my rock, and not rise in it. [§]
Lehaggid ki-yashar Yahveh tsuri ve-lo alta bo.
'Lehaggid' means 'to proclaim' or 'to tell'. 'ki' means 'that' or 'because'. 'yashar' means 'upright' or 'just'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'tsuri' means 'my rock' (tsur = rock, -i = my). 've-lo' means 'and not'. 'alta' is a verb form of 'to rise' or 'to go up'. 'bo' means 'in it' or 'upon it'.
PSA.93
[PSA.93.1] Yahveh reigns; pride, clothe, clothe, Yahveh, strength, be steadfast; also you will establish the world, you shall not be moved. [§]
Yahveh malakh ge'ut laveh laveh Yahveh oz hit'azar af tikon tevel bal timot.
'Yahveh' is the divine name YHWH, translated as Yahveh; 'malakh' means 'reigns'; 'ge'ut' means 'pride' or 'exaltation'; 'laveh' means 'clothe'; the second 'laveh' repeats for emphasis; the second 'Yahveh' again refers to the divine name; 'oz' means 'strength'; 'hit'azar' means 'be steadfast' or 'be strong'; 'af' means 'also' or 'indeed'; 'tikon' means 'you will establish' or 'you will set up'; 'tevel' means 'world'; 'bal' means 'not'; 'timot' means 'you will be moved' or 'you will shake'.
[PSA.93.2] Your throne is established from of old, from eternity you are. [§]
Nachon kis'cha me'oz me'olam atta.
'Nachon' means 'established', 'kis'cha' means 'your throne', 'me'oz' means 'from of old', 'me'olam' means 'from eternity', 'atta' means 'you'.
[PSA.93.3] Carry, O rivers, Yahveh; carry, O rivers, their voice; they will lift, O rivers, their rush. [§]
Nas'u neharot Yahveh nas'u neharot qolam yis'u neharot dakhyam.
'Nas'u' means 'carry' or 'lift up', 'neharot' means 'rivers', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'qolam' means 'their voice', 'yis'u' means 'they will carry' or 'they will lift', and 'dakhyam' is a difficult noun that likely refers to the sound or movement of the rivers (literally 'their rush').
[PSA.93.4] From the voices great waters mighty, breakers of the sea mighty in the heights Yahveh. [§]
miqolot mayim rabim addirim mishberei yam addir bammorom Yahveh.
'miqolot' means 'from the voices', 'mayim' means 'waters', 'rabim' means 'many' or 'great', 'addirim' means 'mighty' (plural), 'mishberei yam' means 'breakers of the sea', 'addir' means 'mighty' (singular), 'bammorom' means 'in the heights', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.93.5] Your testimonies are exceedingly faithful to your house, a holy desire; Yahveh for long days. [§]
Edotecha ne'emnu meod leveitecha naavah-kodesh Yahveh le'orekh yamim.
'Edotecha' means 'your testimonies', 'ne'emnu' means 'are extremely faithful/trustworthy', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly', 'leveitecha' means 'to/for your house', 'naavah-kodesh' means 'holy desire' (naavah = desire, kodesh = holy), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'le'orekh' means 'for a long' or 'for length', and 'yamim' means 'days'.
PSA.94
[PSA.94.1] God of vengeance Yahveh, God of vengeance appear. [§]
El nekamot Yahveh, El nekamot hofiya.
'El' means 'God', 'nekamot' means 'of vengeance' or 'vengeful', 'Yahveh' is the literal name for YHVH, 'hofiya' means 'appear' or 'show yourself'. The phrase repeats the title 'God of vengeance' and then commands the God to appear.
[PSA.94.2] Behold the judge of the earth repays reward upon the proud. [§]
Hinasse shofet haaretz hashev gemul al geim.
'Hinasse' means 'Behold', 'shofet' means 'judge', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'hashev' means 'repays', 'gemul' means 'reward', 'al' means 'upon', 'geim' means 'the proud'.
[PSA.94.3] Until when, Yahveh, will the wicked be bold? [§]
ad-matai reshaim Yahveh ad-matai reshaim ya'azu
'ad' means 'until', 'matai' means 'when' or 'how long', together 'ad-matai' = 'until when'. 'reshaim' means 'the wicked' (plural). 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. The second clause repeats 'ad-matai' and 'reshaim'. 'ya'azu' is the future form of the verb 'to be bold' or 'to be daring', meaning 'they will be bold'.
[PSA.94.4] They will bring forth, they will speak, they will bind, they will be steadfast, all the workers of wickedness. [§]
yabbiyu yedabberu atak yitammeru kol po'alei aven.
'yabbiyu' means 'they will bring forth' or 'they will cause to speak', 'yedabberu' means 'they will speak', 'atak' means 'to bind' or 'to tighten', 'yitammeru' means 'they will become steadfast' or 'they will be determined', 'kol' means 'all', 'po'alei' means 'workers' or 'doers of', 'aven' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity'.
[PSA.94.5] Your people, Yahveh, will crush them, and your inheritance they will oppress. [§]
ammecha Yahveh yedakku ve nachalatekha yeannu.
'ammecha' means 'your people', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'yedakku' means 'they will crush', 've' means 'and', 'nachalatekha' means 'your inheritance', 'yeannu' means 'they will oppress'.
[PSA.94.6] The widow and the stranger they will kill, and the orphans they will slaughter. [§]
Almana veger yarogu viytomim yiratzchu.
'Almana' means 'widow', 'veger' means 'and a stranger/foreigner', 'yarogu' means 'they will kill', 'viytomim' means 'and orphans', 'yiratzchu' means 'they will slaughter'.
[PSA.94.7] And they said, he will not see Yah and will not understand the Gods of Jacob. [§]
Vayyomeru lo yireh yah ve lo yavin Elohei Yaakov.
'Vayyomeru' means 'and they said', 'lo' means 'not', 'yireh' means 'will see', 'yah' means the divine name 'Yah', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yavin' means 'will understand', 'Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob'.
[PSA.94.8] Understand, the ones who burn among the people, and the foolish, when will you become wise? [§]
Binu bo'arim ba'am uksilim matai tashkilu.
'Binu' means 'understand' (imperative plural), 'bo'arim' means 'those who burn' (participial plural), 'ba'am' means 'among the people', 'uksilim' means 'and the foolish', 'matai' means 'when' or 'how long', 'tashkilu' means 'you will become wise' or 'you will understand'.
[PSA.94.9] Does the planter hear with his ear? If the eye creates, does it not look? [§]
ha notta ozen halo yishma im yotser ayin halo yabbit.
'ha' means 'the', 'notta' means 'planter' (one who plants), 'ozen' means 'ear', 'halo' means 'does not' or rhetorical 'is it not', 'yishma' means 'he will hear', 'im' means 'if', 'yotser' means 'creator' or 'one who forms', 'ayin' means 'eye', 'yabbit' means 'he will look' or 'see'.
[PSA.94.10] Does he who restrains the nations not establish the teacher of man's knowledge? [§]
Hayoser goyim halo yokhich hamlammed adam daat.
'Hayoser' means 'does he restrain', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'halo' means 'is not', 'yokhich' means 'establishes' or 'makes firm', 'hamlammed' means 'the one who teaches' (literally 'the teacher'), 'adam' means 'man' or 'human', 'daat' means 'knowledge'.
[PSA.94.11] Yahveh knows the thoughts of man, for they are vanity. [§]
Yahveh yodea machshevot adam ki hemmah hevel.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'yodea' means 'knows'. 'machshevot' means 'thoughts' or 'plans'. 'adam' means 'man' or 'human'. 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'. 'hemmah' means 'they'. 'hevel' means 'vanity' or 'emptiness'.
[PSA.94.12] Blessed is the man who restrains him, Yah, and from your instruction you teach him. [§]
Ashrei ha-gever asher-teyasserenu Yah, u-mitoratecha telammedenu.
'Ashrei' means 'Blessed', 'ha-gever' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'teyasserenu' means 'he binds him' or 'restrains him', 'Yah' is a short form of Yahveh (the divine name YHVH), 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'mitoratecha' means 'from your instruction', 'telammedenu' means 'you teach him'.
[PSA.94.13] to silence him from the waters of evil until he is cut off for the wicked destruction. [§]
lehashqit lo mimei ra ad yikkareh larasha shachat.
'lehashqit' means 'to quiet' or 'to silence', 'lo' means 'him', 'mimei' means 'from the waters of', 'ra' means 'evil', 'ad' means 'until', 'yikkareh' means 'he will be cut off', 'larasha' means 'for the wicked', 'shachat' means 'destruction' or 'ruin'.
[PSA.94.14] For Yahveh will not forsake his people, and his inheritance he will not abandon. [§]
Ki lo Yittosh Yahveh ammo ve-nachalato lo yaazov.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'Yittosh' means 'will forsake' or 'abandon', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'ammo' means 'his people', 've' means 'and', 'nachalato' means 'his inheritance', the second 'lo' means 'not', and 'yaazov' means 'will abandon'.
[PSA.94.15] For righteousness will bring back judgment, and after it all the upright‑hearted. [§]
Ki ad-tzedek yashuv mishpat ve'acharev kol-yishrei lev.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ad' means 'until' or 'as long as', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness', 'yashuv' means 'will return' or 'will bring back', 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'justice', 've'acharev' means 'and after it', 'kol' means 'all', 'yishrei' is the construct form of 'yashar' meaning 'upright' or 'straight', and 'lev' means 'heart'.
[PSA.94.16] Who will arise for me with the wicked? Who will stand for me with the doers of iniquity? [§]
Mi yaqum li im mereim mi yityatzev li im poalei aven.
'Mi' means 'who'; 'yaqum' means 'will arise' or 'will stand up'; 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'; 'im' means 'with'; 'mereim' means 'the wicked' or 'evildoers'; the second 'Mi' repeats 'who'; 'yityatzev' means 'will stand' or 'will be set'; the second 'li' again means 'to me'; the second 'im' again means 'with'; 'poalei' means 'workers' or 'doers of'; 'aven' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity'.
[PSA.94.17] If not Yahveh, my help would be only a little, my soul would be silenced. [§]
Lulei Yahveh ezratah li kim'at shachnah duma nafshi.
'Lulei' means 'if not', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ezratah' means 'help' (with the suffix indicating 'my help'), 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'kim'at' means 'a little' or 'only a little', 'shachnah' means 'would cause to be' or 'would make', 'duma' means 'silence' or 'mute', 'nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[PSA.94.18] If I say, my foot has slipped, your mercy, Yahveh, will sustain me. [§]
Im amarti mata ragli chasdecha Yahveh yissa'adeni
'Im' means 'if', 'amarti' means 'I say', 'mata' means 'has slipped' or 'is slipping', 'ragli' means 'my foot', 'chasdecha' means 'your mercy', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'yissa'adeni' means 'will sustain me' or 'will support me'.
[PSA.94.19] In the abundance of my complaints within me, your comfort will soothe my soul. [§]
Be-rov sar'apa'i beqirbi tannachumecha yeshashu nafshi.
'Be-rov' means 'in the abundance of' or 'among many', 'sar'apa'i' is a poetic plural meaning 'my sighs' or 'my complaints', 'beqirbi' means 'in my inner being' or 'within me', 'tannachumecha' means 'your comfort' (addressed to God), 'yeshashu' means 'they shall be soothed' or 'they shall find relief', 'nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[PSA.94.20] He who joins you, the seat of the winds, creates toil upon the law. [§]
Hayichavrekha Kisse Havut Yotser Amal Alei-Chok.
'Hayichavrekha' is a verb form meaning 'he will join you' or 'he who joins you'. 'Kisse' means 'seat' or 'throne'. 'Havut' is the plural form of 'wind', thus 'winds'. 'Yotser' means 'creates' or 'forms'. 'Amal' means 'toil' or 'labor'. 'Alei-Chok' is a construct phrase meaning 'upon the law' or 'over the decree'.
[PSA.94.21] They will give thanks for the soul of the righteous, and pure blood they will inherit. [§]
Yagodu al nefesh tzedik ve dam naki yarsheiu.
'Yagodu' means 'they will give thanks', 'al' means 'for' or 'upon', 'nefesh' means 'soul' or 'life', 'tzedik' means 'righteous', 've' means 'and', 'dam' means 'blood', 'naki' means 'pure', 'yarsheiu' means 'they will inherit' or 'it will be theirs as inheritance'.
[PSA.94.22] Yahveh is to me a stronghold, and my God is a rock of my refuge. [§]
Vayhi Yahveh li lemisgab veElohai letzur machsi.
'Vayhi' means 'and it was' or introduces a statement about God. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'. 'lemisgab' means 'as a stronghold' (misgab = stronghold, place of refuge). 've' is the conjunction 'and'. 'Elohai' means 'my God' (Elohim translated as the Gods, but Elohai specifically 'my God'). 'letzur' means 'as a rock' (tzur = rock, strong support). 'machsi' means 'my refuge' (machs = refuge, with first person suffix).
[PSA.94.23] He turned their disaster upon them, and in their evil He will kindle them, He will kindle them, Yahveh our the Gods. [§]
Vayashav aleihem et-oonam uve-ra'atam yatzmitehm yatzmitehm Yahveh Eloheinu.
'Vayashav' means 'and He turned/back', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'et-oonam' means 'their disaster', 'uve-ra'atam' means 'and in their evil', 'yatzmitehm' means 'He will kindle/burn them' (repeated for emphasis), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, and 'Eloheinu' is the literal rendering of Elohim with the possessive suffix, meaning 'our the Gods'.
PSA.95
[PSA.95.1] Let us rejoice to Yahveh; let us shout to the Rock of our salvation. [§]
Lechu nerannenah la-Yahveh naria le-Tsur Yishe'enu.
'Lechu' means 'let us' (imperative plural), 'nerannenah' means 'we shall rejoice' (from the root r-n-n), 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'naria' means 'we shall shout' (from the root r-'-), 'le-Tsur' means 'to the Rock', 'Yishe'enu' means 'our salvation' or 'our help'.
[PSA.95.2] We will go before his face with thanksgiving, and with songs we will shine to him. [§]
nekadema panav betodah bizmirot naria lo.
'nekadema' means 'we will go before', 'panav' means 'his face', 'betodah' means 'with thanksgiving', 'bizmirot' means 'with songs', 'naria' means 'we will shine', 'lo' means 'to him'.
[PSA.95.3] For God is great, Yahveh, and a great king over all the Gods. [§]
Ki el gadol Yahveh u-melek gadol al kol elohim.
'Ki' means 'for', 'el' means 'God', 'gadol' means 'great', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'u-melek' means 'and king', 'gadol' again means 'great', 'al' means 'over', 'kol' means 'all', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[PSA.95.4] Who has in his hand the foundations of the earth and the heights of the mountains for him. [§]
Asher be-yado mechkerei-aretz ve-to'afot ha-rim lo.
'Asher' means 'who' or 'which', 'be-yado' means 'in his hand', 'mechkerei-aretz' means 'the foundations (or depths) of the earth', 've-to'afot' means 'and the heights/peaks', 'ha-rim' means 'of the mountains', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'for him'.
[PSA.95.5] Who belongs to him the sea, and he made it, and his hands formed the dry land. [§]
asher-lo hayam vehu asahu veyabesh yadav yatsaru.
'asher-lo' means 'who is his' or 'that which belongs to him', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'asahu' means 'made it', 'veyabesh' means 'and the dry (land)', 'yadav' means 'his hands', 'yatsaru' means 'they formed' or 'formed'.
[PSA.95.6] Come, let us worship and kneel, let us bow before Yahveh our Maker. [§]
Bo'u nish'tachave ve-nikra'ah niverka lifnei Yahveh osenu.
'Bo'u' means 'Come', 'nish'tachave' means 'let us worship' (literally 'let us bow down'), 've-nikra'ah' means 'and let us kneel', 'niverka' means 'let us bend or bow', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, the personal name of God, and 'osenu' means 'our maker' (the one who made us).
[PSA.95.7] For he is our the Gods and we are a people of his pasture and a flock of his hand; today if by his voice you shall hear. [§]
Ki hu Eloheinu va'anachnu am mar'ito ve tzon yado hayom im beqolo tishma'u.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'hu' means 'he', 'Eloheinu' is 'our' + 'Elohim' which is translated as 'the Gods', so 'our the Gods', 'va'anachnu' means 'and we', 'am' means 'people', 'mar'ito' means 'his pasture', 've' means 'and', 'tzon' means 'flock', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'hayom' means 'today', 'im' means 'if', 'beqolo' means 'by his voice', and 'tishma'u' means 'you shall hear'.
[PSA.95.8] Do not harden your hearts like a quarrel, as the day of plague in the desert. [§]
Al-taqshu levavchem kim'rivah ki-yom masa ba-midbar.
'Al' means 'do not', 'taqshu' means 'harden' (second person plural), 'levavchem' means 'your hearts', 'kim'rivah' means 'like a quarrel or discord', 'ki' means 'as', 'yom' means 'day', 'masa' means 'plague', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the desert'.
[PSA.95.9] which tested me your fathers, they examined me, also they saw my work. [§]
asher nissuni avoteichem bechanuni gam rau paoli.
'asher' means 'which' or 'that which', 'nissuni' means 'they tested me' (from the root nasah), 'avoteichem' means 'your fathers', 'bechanuni' means 'they examined me' or 'in testing me', 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'rau' means 'they saw', 'paoli' means 'my work' or 'my deed'.
[PSA.95.10] Forty years I have gathered in a generation and I said, 'They are a people of a perverse heart,' and they do not know my ways. [§]
Arbaim shannah akut bedor vaomar am toei levav hem vehem lo-yadeu drakhay.
'Arbaim' means 'forty', 'shannah' means 'years', 'akut' means 'I have gathered' or 'I will collect', 'bedor' means 'in a generation', 'vaomar' means 'and I said', 'am' means 'people', 'toei' (or 'to'ei') means 'perverse' or 'misled', 'levav' means 'heart', 'hem' means 'they', 'vehem' means 'and they', 'lo-yadeu' means 'do not know', 'drakhay' means 'my ways'.
[PSA.95.11] That I have sworn in my anger that they will come to my rest. [§]
asher nishba'ti be'api im yevuun el menuchati.
'asher' means 'that', 'nishba'ti' means 'I have sworn', 'be'api' means 'in my anger', 'im' means 'if' or the conditional marker 'that', 'yevuun' means 'they will come', 'el' means 'to', 'menuchati' means 'my rest'.
PSA.96
[PSA.96.1] Sing to Yahveh a new song; sing to Yahveh all the earth. [§]
Shee-roo lah Yahveh shir chah-dash; shee-roo lah Yahveh kahl ha-aretz.
'Shee-roo' means 'sing', 'lah' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'shir' means 'song', 'chah-dash' means 'new', 'kahl' means 'all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.96.2] Sing to Yahveh, bless His name, proclaim day by day His salvation. [§]
Shiru laYahveh, barchu shmo, basru miyom le-yom yeshuato.
'Shiru' means 'sing', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'barchu' means 'bless', 'shmo' means 'His name', 'basru' means 'proclaim', 'miyom' means 'from day', 'le-yom' means 'to day', together 'miyom le-yom' means 'day by day', 'yeshuato' means 'His salvation'.
[PSA.96.3] Tell among the nations God’s glory, among all peoples God’s wonders. [§]
Sappiru bagoyim kevodo bekhol haamim niflotav.
'Sappiru' means 'tell' or 'proclaim', 'bagoyim' means 'among the nations', 'kevodo' means 'His glory' (the glory of God), 'bekhol' means 'among all', 'haamim' means 'the peoples', and 'niflotav' means 'His wonders' (the wonders of God). The pronouns referring to God are rendered as 'God's' for literal accuracy.
[PSA.96.4] For great is Yahveh and greatly praised; awesome is He over all the Gods. [§]
ki gadol Yahveh u-mehulal meod nora hu al kol elohim.
'ki' means 'for', 'gadol' means 'great', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'u-mehulal' means 'and praised', 'meod' means 'very' or 'greatly', 'nora' means 'awesome' or 'terrible', 'hu' means 'he', 'al' means 'over', 'kol' means 'all', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[PSA.96.5] For all the Gods of the nations are idols and Yahveh made the heavens. [§]
Ki kol elohi ha'amim elilim vayehovah shamayim asah.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'kol' means 'all', 'elohi' is the construct form of 'Elohim' meaning 'the Gods', 'ha'amim' means 'of the nations', 'elilim' means 'idols' or 'false gods', 'vayehovah' is the conjunction 'and' plus the name YHVH translated as 'Yahveh', 'shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'asah' means 'made' or 'created'.
[PSA.96.6] Splendor and honor before Him, strength and splendor in His sanctuary. [§]
hod ve-hadar lefanav oz ve-tiferet be-mikdasho.
'hod' means 'splendor' or 'glory', 've-hadar' means 'and beauty' or 'honor', 'lefanav' means 'before Him', 'oz' means 'strength', 've-tiferet' means 'and splendor' or 'radiance', 'be-mikdasho' means 'in His sanctuary'.
[PSA.96.7] Bring to Yahveh, O families of the nations, bring to Yahveh glory and strength. [§]
Havu la Yahveh mishpachot amim, Havu la Yahveh kavod vaoz.
'Havu' means 'bring', 'la' means 'to the', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mishpachot' means 'families' or 'clans', 'amim' means 'nations' or 'peoples', the second clause repeats the call with 'kavod' meaning 'glory' and 'vaoz' meaning 'and strength'.
[PSA.96.8] Bring to Yahveh the glory of his name; bring an offering and come into his courts. [§]
Havu laYahveh kevod shmo, se'u mincha, uvo'u lechatztrotzav.
'Havu' means 'bring' (imperative plural). 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHVH rendered as Yahveh). 'kevod' means 'glory'. 'shmo' means 'his name'. 'se'u' means 'bring' (imperative plural). 'mincha' means 'offering' (grain offering). 'uvo'u' means 'and come'. 'lechatztrotzav' means 'to his courtyards' or 'into his courts'.
[PSA.96.9] Bow down to Yahveh in the holy reverence; all the earth tremble before Him. [§]
Hishtachavu laYahveh behadarat-qodesh chilu mif'nav kol haaretz.
'Hishtachavu' means 'bow down', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'behadarat' means 'in the reverence', 'qodesh' means 'holy', together 'behadarat-qodesh' conveys 'in the holy reverence', 'chilu' means 'shrink back' or 'tremble', 'mif'nav' means 'before Him', and 'kol haaretz' means 'all the earth'.
[PSA.96.10] Say among the nations, Yahveh reigns; even the world shall be established and will not be shaken; He judges peoples in uprightness. [§]
Imru bagoyim Yahveh malach af tikon tevel bal timot yadin amim bemeisharim.
'Imru' means 'say', 'bagoyim' means 'among the nations', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'malach' means 'reigns' or 'is king', 'af' means 'also' or 'even', 'tikon' means 'shall be established' or 'shall be firm', 'tevel' means 'world', 'bal' means 'not', 'timot' means 'shall be shaken' or 'shall be moved', 'yadin' means 'He judges', 'amim' means 'peoples', 'bemeisharim' means 'in uprightness' or 'among the just'.
[PSA.96.11] Let the heavens rejoice, and let the earth be glad; let the sea roar, and its fullness. [§]
Yismchu ha-shamayim ve-tagel ha-aretz yir'am ha-yam u-melo'o.
'Yismchu' means 'let rejoice', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 've-tagel' means 'and let be glad', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'yir'am' means 'let roar', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 'u-melo'o' means 'and its fullness'.
[PSA.96.12] Let the fields be glad, and all that is in them; then all the trees of the forest shall rejoice. [§]
Yaaloz saday vechol-asher-bo az yerannenoo kol-atzey-yaar.
'Yaaloz' means 'let ... be glad', 'saday' means 'the fields', 'vechol-asher-bo' means 'and all that is in them', 'az' means 'then', 'yerannenoo' means 'they shall rejoice', 'kol-atzey-yaar' means 'all the trees of the forest'.
[PSA.96.13] Before Yahveh, for He has come, for He has come to judge the earth; He will judge the world in righteousness and the nations in his faithfulness. [§]
Lifnei Yahveh ki ba ki ba leshofet haaretz yishpot-tevel be-tzedek ve'amim be-emunato.
'Lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the proper literal name for YHVH, 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ba' means 'has come', the second 'ki' repeats 'for', the second 'ba' repeats 'has come', 'leshofet' means 'to judge', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'yishpot-tevel' means 'will judge the world', 'be-tzedek' means 'in righteousness', 've'amim' means 'and peoples' or 'and nations', 'be-emunato' means 'in his faithfulness'.
PSA.97
[PSA.97.1] Yahveh reigns; let the earth rejoice, many peoples shall be glad. [§]
Yahveh malakh tagel haaretz yism'chu iyim rabim.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'malakh' means 'reigns' or 'rules'. 'tagel' means 'let rejoice' or 'may rejoice'. 'haaretz' means 'the earth'. 'yism'chu' means 'they shall be glad' (from the verb 'to rejoice'). 'iyim' means 'people' (plural). 'rabim' means 'many' or 'numerous'.
[PSA.97.2] A cloud and mist surround it; righteousness and judgment uphold his throne. [§]
anan varafel sevivav tzedek umishpat mekhon kiso.
'anan' means 'cloud', 'varafel' means 'and mist' or 'and vapor', 'sevivav' means 'around it', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness' or 'justice', 'umishpat' means 'and judgment', 'mekhon' means 'firm' or 'established', 'kiso' means 'his throne'.
[PSA.97.3] Fire before Yahveh will go, and its flame will burn around Yahveh's enemies. [§]
Esh lefanav telekh u'telachet saviv tzarav.
"Esh" means "fire", "lefanav" means "before him" (referring to Yahveh), "telekh" means "will go" or "will walk", "u'telachet" means "and will flash" or "burn", "saviv" means "around", "tzarav" means "his enemies" (referring to Yahveh's enemies).
[PSA.97.4] They lit the world with his lightning; it saw and the earth began. [§]
Heiru berakav tevel ra'atah vatachel haaretz.
'Heiru' means 'they lit' or 'they caused to shine', 'berakav' means 'with his lightning' (the word 'raqa' denotes lightning and the suffix '-av' indicates 'his'), 'tevel' means 'the world' or 'the universe', 'ra'atah' is the feminine past form of 'to see' meaning 'she saw', 'vatachel' is a conjunction plus a verb meaning 'and she began' or 'and she started', and 'haaretz' means 'the earth' (the land, ground). The passage thus describes a shining or illumination by divine lightning that the world perceives, causing the earth to start or awaken.
[PSA.97.5] The mountains like a ... were destroyed before Yahveh, before the Lord of all the earth. [§]
harim kaddonag namasu milifnei Yahveh milifnei Adon kol haaretz.
'harim' means 'the mountains', 'kaddonag' is a comparative term meaning 'like a ...' (the exact object is uncertain in this context), 'namasu' means 'were destroyed' or 'were laid low', 'milifnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'Adon' is the Hebrew word for 'Lord', and 'kol haaretz' means 'all the earth'.
[PSA.97.6] Let the heavens declare his righteousness, and let all the peoples see his glory. [§]
Higidu hashamayim tzedko ve'rau kol-ha'amim kevodo.
'Higidu' means 'declare' (imperative plural), 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'tzedko' means 'his righteousness', 've'rau' means 'and see' (imperative plural), 'kol-ha'amim' means 'all the peoples', 'kevodo' means 'his glory'.
[PSA.97.7] May all idol workers who boast in idols be ashamed; bow down to him, all the Gods. [§]
Yevoshu kol ovdei pesel ha-mit'halelim ba'elilim hishtachavu lo kol elohim.
'Yevoshu' means 'may (they) be ashamed', 'kol' means 'all', 'ovdei' means 'workers' or 'servants', 'pesel' means 'idol' or 'graven image', 'ha-mit'halelim' means 'who boast', 'ba'elilim' means 'in idols', 'hishtachavu' means 'bow down' or 'worship', 'lo' means 'him', 'kol' again means 'all', and 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[PSA.97.8] Zion heard and rejoiced, and the daughters of Judah were glad, for your judgments, Yahveh. [§]
Sham'ah vatismaḥ Tziyon vategelnah benot Yehudah lema'an mishpateikha Yahveh.
'Sham'ah' means 'heard' or 'listened', 'vatismaḥ' means 'and (she) rejoiced', 'Tziyon' means 'Zion', 'vategelnah' means 'and (she) will be glad', 'benot' means 'daughters', 'Yehudah' means 'of Judah', 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'mishpateikha' means 'your judgments', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.97.9] For you Yahveh the Most High above all the earth you are greatly exalted over all the Gods. [§]
Ki attah Yahveh Elyon al kol haaretz meod naaleita al kol elohim.
'Ki' means 'for', 'attah' means 'you' (singular), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elyon' means 'the Most High', 'al' means 'over' or 'above', 'kol' means 'all' or 'the whole', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'meod' means 'very' or 'greatly', 'naaleita' means 'you are exalted' (from root meaning 'to lift up'), 'al' again means 'over', 'kol' again means 'all', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[PSA.97.10] Lovers of Yahveh hate evil; the keeper of the souls of his faithful ones, from the hand of the wicked he saves them. [§]
ohavei Yahweh sin'u ra shomer nafshot chasidav mi-yad reshaim yatzilem.
'ohavei' means 'lovers of', 'Yahweh' is the personal name of God, 'sin\'u' means 'hate', 'ra' means 'evil', 'shomer' means 'keeper' or 'watcher', 'nafshot' means 'souls', 'chasidav' means 'his faithful ones', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'reshaim' means 'the wicked', 'yatzilem' means 'he saves them'.
[PSA.97.11] Light is sown for the righteous, and joy for the upright in heart. [§]
Or zarua la-tzadik u-leyishrei-lev simcha.
'Or' means 'light', 'zarua' means 'sown', 'la-' is the preposition 'for the', 'tzadik' means 'righteous', 'u-' means 'and', 'leyishrei-lev' means 'for the upright of heart' (yishrei = upright, lev = heart), 'simcha' means 'joy' or 'happiness'.
[PSA.97.12] Rejoice, O righteous, in Yahveh, and give thanks to the memory of his holiness. [§]
Simchu tzaddikim baYahveh veHodu lezekher kadsho.
'Simchu' means 'rejoice', 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'veHodu' means 'and give thanks', 'lezekher' means 'to the memory', 'kadsho' means 'of his holy (thing)'.
PSA.98
[PSA.98.1] Psalm. Sing to Yahveh a new song, for wonderful deeds He has done; his salvation is his right hand and his holy arm. [§]
Mizmor shiru laYahveh shir chadash ki niflaot asa hoshia lo yemino uzer'oa qodsho.
'Mizmor' means 'song' or 'psalm', 'shiru' means 'sing', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'shir' means 'song', 'chadash' means 'new', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'niflaot' means 'wonders' or 'marvelous deeds', 'asa' means 'has done', 'hoshia' means 'salvation' (lit. 'save'), 'lo' means 'his', 'yemino' means 'right hand', 'u' means 'and', 'zer'oa' means 'arm', 'qodsho' means 'his holy'.
[PSA.98.2] Declare Yahveh his salvation to the eyes of the nations, he revealed his righteousness. [§]
Hodi'a Yahveh yesh'uto le'inei ha-goyim gilla tzedkato.
'Hodi'a' means 'declare' (imperative). 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'yesh'uto' means 'his salvation', with 'yesh' meaning 'salvation' and the suffix '-uto' indicating 'his'. 'le'inei' means 'to the eyes of' or 'in the sight of'. 'ha-goyim' means 'the nations'. 'gilla' means 'he revealed' or 'he has shown'. 'tzedkato' means 'his righteousness', with 'tzedek' = 'righteousness' and the suffix '-to' = 'his'.
[PSA.98.3] Remember his kindness and his faithfulness, to the house of Israel, all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our the Gods. [§]
Zachar chasdo veemunato lebeit Yisrael ra'u kol afsei aretz et Yeshuat Eloheinu.
'Zachar' means 'remember', 'chasdo' means 'his kindness', 'veemunato' means 'and his faithfulness', 'lebeit' means 'to the house of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ra'u' means 'have seen', 'kol' means 'all', 'afsei' means 'ends of', 'aretz' means 'the earth', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Yeshuat' means 'salvation', 'Eloheinu' means 'our the Gods' (literal translation of the name of God).
[PSA.98.4] Shout to Yahveh, all the earth; exult, sing joyfully, and make music. [§]
Har'iu l'Yahveh kol ha'aretz pits'chu ve-rannen ve-zammeru.
'Har'iu' means 'shout' or 'make a loud sound', 'l'Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God), 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'aretz' means 'the earth', 'pits'chu' means 'exult' or 'break forth in joy', 've-rannen' means 'and sing joyfully', 've-zammeru' means 'and make music'.
[PSA.98.5] Sing to Yahveh with a harp, with a harp and the sound of a song. [§]
Zammeru laYahveh beKinnor beKinnor veKol zimrah.
'Zammeru' means 'sing', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'beKinnor' means 'with a harp' (repeated for emphasis), 'veKol' means 'and the sound/voice', 'zimrah' means 'of a song' or 'song'.
[PSA.98.6] With trumpets and the sound of a shofar they sounded before the king Yahveh. [§]
Ba chatzoztzrot ve kol shofar ha riu lifnei ha melek Yahveh.
'Ba' means 'in' or 'with', 'chatzoztzrot' means 'trumpets', 've' means 'and', 'kol' means 'sound', 'shofar' means 'ram's horn', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'riu' means 'they sounded' or 'they shouted', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ha' again is 'the', 'melek' means 'king', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of the God of Israel.
[PSA.98.7] The sea roars, and its fullness is the world, and those who dwell in it. [§]
Yir'am ha-yam u-m'lo'o tevel ve-yoshvei bah.
'Yir'am' means 'roars', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 'u-m'lo'o' means 'and its fullness', 'tevel' means 'world' or 'earth', 've-yoshvei' means 'and those who dwell', 'bah' means 'in it'.
[PSA.98.8] The rivers will wipe out the hand, and the mountains will rejoice together. [§]
Neharot yimchahu kaf yahad harim yerannen.
'Neharot' means 'rivers', 'yimchahu' means 'will wipe out' (from the root meaning to erase or destroy), 'kaf' means 'hand', 'yahad' means 'together', 'harim' means 'the mountains', 'yerannen' means 'will rejoice' (plural form).
[PSA.98.9] Before Yahveh, for He is coming to judge the earth; He will judge the world in righteousness and the peoples in fairness. [§]
Lifnei Yahveh ki ba lishpot haaretz yishpot tevel betzedek veamim bemeisharim.
'Lifnei' means 'in front of' or 'before', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ba' means 'He is coming', 'lishpot' means 'to judge', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'yishpot' means 'will judge', 'tevel' means 'the world' or 'the universe', 'betzedek' means 'in righteousness', 'veamim' means 'and peoples', 'bemeisharim' means 'in fairness' or 'uprightness'.
PSA.99
[PSA.99.1] Yahveh reigns, the nations shall be terrified, the cherubim who dwell shall cause the earth to tremble. [§]
Yahveh malach yirgezu amim yosev keruvim tanot haaretz.
'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHWH, rendered as Yahveh. 'malach' means 'reigns' or 'rules'. 'yirgezu' means 'they will terrify' or 'they will cause to shudder'. 'amim' means 'nations'. 'yosev' means 'who dwells' or 'who sits'. 'keruvim' means 'cherubim', a class of heavenly beings. 'tanot' means 'shall cause to quake' or 'shall make tremble'. 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.99.2] Yahveh in Zion is great and high; he is over all the peoples. [§]
Yahveh be-Tzion gadol ve-ram hu al kol ha'amim.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'be-Tzion' means 'in Zion', 'gadol' means 'great', 've-ram' means 'and high', 'hu' means 'he', 'al' means 'over', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'amim' means 'the peoples'.
[PSA.99.3] They will give thanks to your name, great and awesome, holy is He. [§]
Yodu shimkha gadol ve-nora qadosh hu.
'Yodu' means 'they will give thanks', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'gadol' means 'great', 've-nora' means 'and awesome', 'qadosh' means 'holy', 'hu' means 'he' or 'it'.
[PSA.99.4] And the strength of the king, judgment, you love; you have established the upright, judgment and righteousness in Jacob; you have done it. [§]
Veoz melech mishpat ahav ata konanta meisharim mishpat u'tzedakah beYaakov ata asita.
'Veoz' means 'and strength', 'melech' means 'king', 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'ahav' means 'you love' or 'loved', 'ata' means 'you', 'konanta' means 'you have established', 'meisharim' means 'the upright' or 'the righteous', 'mishpat' again means 'judgment', 'u'tzedakah' means 'and righteousness', 'beYaakov' means 'in Jacob', 'ata' again means 'you', 'asita' means 'you have done' or 'you have made'.
[PSA.99.5] Raise Yahveh our the Gods, and bow down to his foot, holy he is. [§]
Romemu Yahveh Eloheinu vehishtachavu lahadom raglav kadosh hu.
'Romemu' means 'raise' (imperative plural), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'Eloheinu' means 'our the Gods' (literally 'our Gods'), 'vehishtachavu' means 'and bow down', 'lahadom' means 'to the foot' (the noun 'hadom' is taken as 'foot'), 'raglav' means 'his foot', 'kadosh' means 'holy', and 'hu' means 'he' (referring to the divine).
[PSA.99.6] Moses and Aaron with his priests, and Samuel among those who call His name, calling to Yahveh, and he will answer them. [§]
Moshe veAharon bekohanav uShmuel bekorei shemo kor'im el-Yahveh vehu ya'anem.
'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron', 'bekohanav' means 'with his priests', 'uShmuel' means 'and Samuel', 'bekorei' means 'among those who call', 'shemo' means 'His name', 'kor'im' means 'calling', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'vehu' means 'and he', 'ya'anem' means 'will answer them'.
[PSA.99.7] In a column of cloud He will speak to them; keep his testimonies and he gave a statute to them. [§]
Be'amud anan yedabber aleihem shomru edotav vechok natan lamo.
'Be'amud' means 'in a column', 'anan' means 'cloud', 'yedabber' means 'will speak', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'shomru' means 'keep' or 'guard', 'edotav' means 'his testimonies', 'vechok' means 'and a statute/law', 'natan' means 'gave', 'l'amo' means 'to them'.
[PSA.99.8] Yahveh our the Gods you answered them God the Lifter you were for them and avenger upon their offenses. [§]
Yahveh Eloheinu atah anitah El noseh hayita lahem ve-noqem al alilotam.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'Eloheinu' contains the root 'Elohim' which is translated as 'the Gods'; the suffix '-inu' means 'our', so the phrase becomes 'our the Gods'. 'Atah' means 'you'. 'Anitah' means 'you answered them' ('answered' plus the object suffix '-them'). 'El' is the word for 'God', translated literally as 'God'. 'Noseh' is a verbal noun meaning 'one who lifts' or 'the Lifter'. 'Hayita' means 'you were'. 'Lahem' means 'for them' or 'to them'. 'Ve-noqem' is 'and avenger' ('naqem' means 'avenger', with the conjunction 've' = 'and'). 'Al' means 'upon' or 'against', and 'alilotam' means 'their iniquities' or 'their offenses'.
[PSA.99.9] Exalt Yahveh, our God, and bow down to his holy mountain, for Yahveh, our God, is holy. [§]
Romemu Yahveh Eloheinu ve-hishtachavu lehar kadosho ki kadosh Yahveh Eloheinu.
'Romemu' means 'exalt' (imperative plural), 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'Eloheinu' means 'our God', 've-hishtachavu' means 'and bow down', 'lehar' means 'to the mountain', 'kadosho' means 'his holy' (referring to the mountain), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'kadosh' means 'holy', the second 'Yahveh' again refers to the divine name, and the final 'Eloheinu' again means 'our God'.
PSA.100
[PSA.100.1] A psalm of thanksgiving: make a shout to Yahveh, all the earth. [§]
Mizmor le-todah ha-riu la-Yahveh kol ha-aretz.
'Mizmor' means 'a psalm', 'le-todah' means 'of thanksgiving', 'ha-riu' means 'make a shout' or 'shout loudly', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.100.2] Serve Yahveh with gladness, come before Him with singing. [§]
Ibdu et-Yahveh be-simcha bo'u lefanav birnanah.
'Ibdu' means 'serve', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'be-simcha' means 'with gladness', 'bo\'u' means 'come', 'lefanav' means 'before Him', and 'birnanah' means 'with singing' (literally 'with a shout of joy').
[PSA.100.3] Know that Yahveh is the Gods; he made us and not we ourselves; his people and the sheep of his pasture. [§]
De'u ki Yahveh hu Elohim hu asanu velo anachnu ammo vecton mar'ito.
'De'u' means 'Know', 'ki' means 'that', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHWH and translates as 'Yahveh', 'hu' means 'he', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', the second 'hu' again means 'he', 'asanu' means 'made us', 'velo' means 'and not', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'ammo' means 'his people', 'vecton' means 'and sheep', 'mar'ito' means 'of his pasture'.
[PSA.100.4] Enter his gates with thanksgiving, his courtyards with praise; give thanks to him, bless his name. [§]
Bo'u she'arav b'toda chatsarotav bit'hila hodu lo varchu shmo.
'Bo'u' means 'Enter', 'she'arav' means 'his gates', 'b'toda' means 'with thanksgiving', 'chatsarotav' means 'his courtyards', 'bit'hila' means 'with praise', 'hodu' means 'give thanks', 'lo' means 'to him', 'varchu' means 'bless', 'shmo' means 'his name'.
[PSA.100.5] For good Yahveh forever, his kindness, and his faithfulness to generation after generation. [§]
ki tov Yahveh le olam chasdo ve ad dor va dor emunato.
'ki' means 'for', 'tov' means 'good', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the name YHVH, 'le' means 'to' or 'for', 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'forever', 'chasd' means 'kindness' (the lovingkindness of God), 've' means 'and', 'ad' means 'until' or 'to', 'dor' means 'generation', 'va' means 'and', 'dor' again means 'generation', 'emunato' means 'his faithfulness' (the faithfulness of Yahveh).
PSA.101
[PSA.101.1] A psalm of David, of lovingkindness and justice, I will sing to you, Yahveh, I will sing. [§]
LeDavid mizmor chesed u-mishpat ashira lekha Yahveh ezmera.
'LeDavid' means 'of David' (a dedication), 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'chesed' means 'lovingkindness' (faithful love), 'u-mishpat' means 'and justice', 'ashira' means 'I will sing', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ezmera' means 'I will sing' (a repeated verb for emphasis).
[PSA.101.2] I will become wise in the way of the upright; when will you come to me? I will walk in pure heart within my house. [§]
Ashkilla be-derekh tamim matay tavo elai ethalekh be-tam-levavi be-kerov beiti.
'Ashkilla' means 'I will become wise', 'be-derekh' means 'in the way', 'tamim' means 'upright' or 'complete', 'matay' means 'when', 'tavo' means 'you will come', 'elai' means 'to me', 'ethalekh' means 'I will walk', 'be-tam-levavi' means 'in pure heart', 'be-kerov' means 'in the midst of', 'beiti' means 'my house'.
[PSA.101.3] I will not set before my eyes a word without purpose; I hate making patterns, and it will not cling to me. [§]
Lo ashit leneged einai devar-beli'al asah-setim saneti lo yidbak bi.
'Lo' means 'not'. 'Ashit' means 'I will set' or 'I place'. 'Leneged' means 'before' or 'in front of'. 'Einai' means 'my eyes'. 'Devar-beli'al' means literally 'word without evil' and is understood as 'a meaningless or purposeless word'. 'Asah-setim' combines 'asah' ('to make') with 'setim' (a plural form meaning 'sets' or 'patterns'), so it means 'to make patterns' or 'to set up arrangements'. 'Saneti' means 'I hate'. The second 'Lo' again means 'not'. 'Yidbak' means 'will cling' or 'will stick'. 'Bi' means 'to me' or 'in me'.
[PSA.101.4] A hard heart will turn away from me; I do not know evil. [§]
Levav iqesh yasur mimeni ra lo eida.
'Levav' means 'heart', 'iqesh' means 'hard' or 'harsh', 'yasur' means 'will turn away' or 'will depart', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'ra' means 'evil', 'lo' means 'not', 'eida' means 'I know'. The phrase reads as a statement that a hard heart will turn away from the speaker, and the speaker declares that he does not know evil.
[PSA.101.5] I am hidden in secret; his companion, him, I will conceal. Lofty eyes and a spacious heart—him I cannot bear. [§]
Meloshni baseter re'ehu oto atzmit geva-einayim urchav levav oto lo ochal.
'Meloshni' means 'I am hidden' or 'I have been concealed', 'baseter' means 'in secret', 're'ehu' means 'his companion' or 'his friend', 'oto' means 'him' (object), 'atzmit' means 'I will hide', 'geva-einayim' combines 'geva' (height, lofty) and 'einayim' (eyes) to convey 'lofty eyes' or 'high sight', 'urchav' means 'and spacious', 'levav' means 'heart', the second 'oto' again means 'him', 'lo' means 'not', and 'ochal' means 'I can eat' i.e., 'I can bear/tolerate'.
[PSA.101.6] My eyes among the faithful of the earth sit with my support, walking in the perfect way; he will keep me. [§]
Einai be'ne'emnei eretz lashevet immadi holech be'derekh tamim hu yesharteni.
'Einai' means 'my eyes', 'be'ne'emnei' means 'among the faithful', 'eretz' means 'earth', 'lashevet' means 'to sit', 'immadi' means 'my support', 'holech' means 'walking', 'be'derekh' means 'in the way', 'tamim' means 'perfect' or 'blameless', 'hu' means 'he', 'yesharteni' means 'will keep me straight' or 'will guide me'.
[PSA.101.7] Not shall one sit within my house who practices deception, who speaks lies; not shall he stand before my eyes. [§]
Lo yesev beqerev beiti oseh remiyah dover shekarim lo yikkon leneged einai.
'Lo' means 'not', 'yesev' means 'shall sit', 'beqerev' means 'in the midst/of', 'beiti' means 'my house', 'oseh' means 'who does/makes', 'remiyah' means 'deception', 'dover' means 'who speaks', 'shekarim' means 'lies', 'lo' again means 'not', 'yikkon' means 'shall stand/ endure', 'leneged' means 'before/in front of', 'einai' means 'my eyes'.
[PSA.101.8] To the cattle I will cause thirst; all the wicked of the earth I will cut off from the city of Yahveh, all the evildoers. [§]
La-b'qarim atzmit kol‑rish'ei‑aretz le‑hakrit me‑ir‑Yahveh kol‑po'alei‑avon.
'La‑b'qarim' means 'to the cattle'; 'atzmit' means 'I will cause thirst' (from the root meaning 'to be thirsty'); 'kol‑rish'ei‑aretz' means 'all the wicked of the earth'; 'le‑hakrit' is the infinitive construct 'to cut off'; 'me‑ir‑Yahveh' means 'from the city of Yahveh' (YHVH rendered as Yahveh); 'kol‑po'alei‑avon' means 'all the doers of iniquity' (evildoers).
PSA.102
[PSA.102.1] Prayer for the poor, for he will cover, and before Yahveh he will pour out his laughter. [§]
tefilah le'ani ki ya'atoof velipnei Yahveh yishpoche sichho.
'tefilah' means 'prayer', 'le'ani' means 'for the poor', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'ya'atoof' means 'he will wrap/cover', 'velipnei' means 'and before', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH as instructed, 'yishpoche' means 'he will pour out', 'sichho' means 'his laughter' or 'his joy'.
[PSA.102.2] Yahveh, hear my prayer and my supplication; may it come to you. [§]
Yahveh shimah tefillati ve shav'ati eilekha tavo.
'Yahveh' is the rendering of the divine name YHVH. 'shimah' means 'listen' or 'hear'. 'tefillati' means 'my prayer' (tefillah = prayer, -ti = my). 've' is the conjunction 'and'. 'shav'ati' means 'my supplication' or 'my cry' (shav'a = cry, -ti = my). 'eilekha' means 'to you' (addressed to the deity). 'tavo' is the imperative form of 'to come', here implying 'let it come' or 'may it reach'.
[PSA.102.3] Do not hide your face from me in the day of my distress; turn your ear toward me when I call, swiftly answer me. [§]
Al-tas'ter panekha mimeni beyom tzar li, hatteh elai azneka beyom ekra, maher aneni.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tas'ter' means 'hide', 'panekha' means 'your face', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'beyom' means 'in the day', 'tzar' means 'distress', 'li' means 'to me', 'hatted' means 'turn', 'elai' means 'toward me', 'azneka' means 'your ear', 'beyom' means 'when', 'ekra' means 'I call', 'maher' means 'quickly', 'aneni' means 'answer me'.
[PSA.102.4] For my days have ended in smoke, and my bones are like ash that have been scattered. [§]
Ki chaloo be'ashan yamai ve'atzmotai kemo ked nicharu.
'Ki' means 'for', 'chaloo' means 'have ended' or 'are finished', 'be'ashan' means 'in smoke', 'yamai' means 'my days', 've' means 'and', 'atzmotai' means 'my bones', 'kemo' means 'like', 'ked' means 'ash' or 'dry remains', 'nicharu' means 'have been scattered' or 'are scattered'.
[PSA.102.5] Like grass he has withered my heart because I have forgotten to eat my bread. [§]
Hukkah ka esev vayivas libi ki shachachti me achol lachmi.
'Hukkah' means 'like', 'ka' means 'as', 'esev' means 'grass', 'vayivas' means 'and he withered', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'ki' means 'because', 'shachachti' means 'I have forgotten', 'me' is a preposition meaning 'from', 'achol' means 'eating', 'lachmi' means 'my bread'.
[PSA.102.6] From the voice of my complaint, my flesh clings to my skin. [§]
Mi qol anachti davka atzmi livsari.
'Mi' means 'from', 'qol' means 'voice', 'anachti' means 'my complaint' or 'my sigh', 'davka' means 'clings' (verb), 'atzmi' means 'my flesh', 'livsari' means 'to my skin'.
[PSA.102.7] I have become the thirst of the desert; I was like a cup of bitterness. [§]
Damiti likat midbar hayiti kechos charavot.
'Damiti' means 'I have become', 'likat' means 'the thirst', 'midbar' means 'of the desert', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'kechos' means 'like a cup', 'charavot' means 'of bitterness'.
[PSA.102.8] I was awake and I will be like a solitary bird upon the roof. [§]
shaqadti va'ehyeh ke-tsippor boded al gag.
'shaqadti' means 'I was awake', 'va'ehyeh' means 'and I will be', 'ke-tsippor' means 'like a bird', 'boded' means 'solitary', 'al' means 'upon', 'gag' means 'roof'.
[PSA.102.9] All day my enemies mocked me; the scoffers have sworn against me. [§]
Kol-hayom cherpuni oyvai meholalai bi nishba'u.
'Kol' means 'all', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'cherpuni' means 'they mocked me' (verb cherp 'to mock' with 3rd person plural object suffix), 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'meholalai' means 'the scoffers' or 'the mockers', 'bi' means 'against me', and 'nishba'u' means 'they have sworn' (perfect passive of the verb shava 'to swear').
[PSA.102.10] Because I have eaten dust like bread, and my thirst is in my weeping, my covering. [§]
ki efer kaleche m akhalti veshikui bivkhi masakhti.
'ki' means 'because', 'efer' means 'dust', 'kaleche m' means 'like bread', 'akhalti' means 'I have eaten', 'veshikui' means 'and my thirst', 'bivkhi' means 'in my weeping', 'masakhti' means 'my covering' or 'my veil'.
[PSA.102.11] Because of your anger and your wrath, you have lifted me up and cast me down. [§]
Mi-p'nei za'amkha ve-kitzpeka ki nasa'tani vatashlikheni.
'Mi-p'nei' means 'because of', 'za'amkha' means 'your anger', 've-' means 'and', 'kitzpeka' means 'your wrath', 'ki' means 'because', 'nasa'tani' means 'you have lifted me', 'vatashlikheni' means 'and you have cast me down'.
[PSA.102.12] My days are like a stretched shadow, and I am like withered grass. [§]
Yamai ke tzel natui va ani ka eshav ivash.
'Yamai' means 'my days', 'ke' is the preposition 'like' or 'as', 'tzel' means 'shadow', 'natui' means 'stretched' or 'extended', 'va' means 'and', 'ani' means 'I', 'ka' means 'like', 'eshav' means 'grass', 'ivash' means 'withered' or 'dry'.
[PSA.102.13] You, Yahveh, forever will sit, and your remembrance to generation after generation. [§]
Ve'attah Yahveh le'olam teshev ve zikrekha le dor va dor.
'Ve' means 'and', 'attah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'for eternity', 'teshev' is the future tense of the verb 'to sit' meaning 'you will sit' (often idiomatic for 'you will reign' or 'you will dwell'), 've' again means 'and', 'zikrekha' means 'your remembrance' (or 'your memory'), 'le dor' means 'to a generation', 'va' is the conjunction 'and', and the final 'dor' means 'generation' again, together forming the phrase 'to generation after generation'.
[PSA.102.14] You shall arise and show mercy to Zion, for the time of her visitation has come, for the appointed time is at hand. [§]
Attah takum terachem Tziyon ki-et lechenna ki-vo moed.
'Attah' means 'you', 'takum' means 'shall arise', 'terachem' means 'will show mercy', 'Tziyon' means 'Zion', 'ki' means 'for', 'et' means 'time', 'lechenna' means 'of her visitation/comfort', 'ki' again means 'for', 'vo' means 'has come', 'moed' means 'appointed time' or 'festival'.
[PSA.102.15] For your servants have desired her stones and her dust, and they will be gracious to us. [§]
Ki ratzu avdecha et avaneha ve'et aporah yechoneinu.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ratzu' means 'they desired' or 'they pleased', 'avdecha' means 'your servants' (avde = servants, -cha = your), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'avaneha' means 'her stone(s)' (avon = stone, -ha = her), 've''et' means 'and' plus the object marker, 'aporah' means 'her dust' (aper = dust, -ah = her), 'yechoneinu' means 'they will be gracious to us' (from the root chanah meaning 'to be gracious', with a future third plural ending and the object suffix -inu = us).
[PSA.102.16] And the nations will fear the name Yahveh, and all the kings of the earth will fear your glory. [§]
Ve-yireu goyim et-shem Yahveh ve-khol malkhei haaretz et-kevodecha.
'Ve-yireu' means 'and they will fear', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'et-shem' means 'the name', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 've-khol' means 'and all', 'malkhei' means 'kings of', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'et-kevodecha' means 'your glory' (with 'et' as the object marker).
[PSA.102.17] For Yahveh built Zion, it is seen in his glory. [§]
ki bana Yahveh Zion nirah bichvodo.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'bana' means 'built' (third person masculine singular), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'Zion' is the proper name of the city, 'nirah' means 'is seen' or 'has been shown', 'bichvodo' means 'in his glory'.
[PSA.102.18] He turned toward the prayer of the silent one and did not despise their prayer. [§]
Paneh el-tefilat ha'arar ve'lo-baza et-tefilatam.
'Paneh' means 'he turned', 'el' means 'to/toward', 'tefilat' means 'prayer' (singular), 'ha'arar' is a noun phrase meaning 'the (something)'; the root ע-ר-ר can convey ideas of emptiness or silence, so here it is rendered as 'the silent one' (the exact noun is uncertain in the text), 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'baza' means 'to despise' or 'to disregard', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, and 'tefilatam' means 'their prayer' (singular or collective).
[PSA.102.19] It shall be written this for a future generation, and a newly created people shall praise Yahveh. [§]
Tikatev zot le-dor acharon ve-am nivra yehallel Yah.
'Tikatev' means 'it will be written', 'zot' means 'this', 'le-dor' means 'to a generation', 'acharon' means 'later' or 'future', 've-am' means 'and a people', 'nivra' means 'newly created', 'yehallel' means 'shall praise', 'Yah' is a short form of the divine name YHWH, which is translated as 'Yahveh'.
[PSA.102.20] For Yahveh looked down from his holy height, from the heavens to the earth, he looked. [§]
ki hishkif mimrom kadsho Yahveh mishamayim el eretz hibit.
'ki' means 'for', 'hishkif' means 'he looked down', 'mimrom' means 'from the height', 'kadsho' means 'his holy (place)', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mishamayim' means 'from the heavens', 'el eretz' means 'to the earth', 'hibit' means 'he looked'.
[PSA.102.21] To hear the trap of a captive, to open the children of death. [§]
lishmoa enqat asir lefat'ach benei temuta.
'lishmoa' means 'to hear', 'enqat' is a rare term meaning 'trap' or 'snare', 'asir' means 'captive' or 'prisoner', 'lefat'ach' means 'to open' (infinitive construct), 'benei' means 'sons of' or 'children of', 'temuta' means 'death'.
[PSA.102.22] To recount in Zion the name Yahveh and his praise in Jerusalem. [§]
Le'saper be-Tzion shem Yahveh u-tehalato bi-Yerushalayim.
'Le'saper' means 'to recount' or 'to tell', 'be' means 'in', 'Tzion' means 'Zion', 'shem' means 'name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'u' means 'and', 'tehalato' means 'his praise', 'bi' means 'in', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem'.
[PSA.102.23] When the nations are gathered together and the kingdoms to serve Yahveh. [§]
Behiqavetz amim yachdav u-mamlakot laavod et-Yahveh.
'Behiqavetz' means 'when (they) are gathered', 'amim' means 'nations' or 'peoples', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'u-mamlakot' means 'and kingdoms', 'laavod' means 'to serve', 'et-Yahveh' is the direct‑object marker plus the divine name Yahveh, indicating that Yahveh is the one to be served.
[PSA.102.24] He oppresses in the way; his strength shortens my days. [§]
Innah ba-derekh kochu kitzer yamai.
'Innah' means 'he afflicts' or 'he oppresses', 'ba-derekh' means 'in the way', 'kochu' means 'his strength', 'kitzer' means 'shortens', 'yamai' means 'my days'.
[PSA.102.25] I say, my God, do not lift me up in the middle of my days; in generation of generations your years. [§]
Omor Eli al-ta'aleini bachatzi yamai be-dor dorim shenotecha.
'Omor' means 'I say', 'Eli' means 'my God' (El = God, -i = my), 'al' means 'do not', 'ta'aleini' means 'you will lift me' (imperative), 'bachatzi' means 'in the middle of', 'yamai' means 'my days', 'be-dor dorim' means 'in generation of generations', 'shenotecha' means 'your years' (your = God). The phrase thus addresses God directly and asks not to be lifted up in the middle of the speaker's life, referencing the everlasting span of God's years.
[PSA.102.26] In former times you founded the earth, and the heavens are the work of your hand. [§]
Lefanim haaretz yasadta umaseh yadecha shamayim.
'Lefanim' means 'formerly' or 'in former times', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'yasadta' means 'you founded' (second‑person masculine singular), 'umaseh' means 'and the work', 'yadecha' means 'of your hand' (referring to God), 'shamayim' means 'the heavens'.
[PSA.102.27] They will be lost, and you will stand, and all of them like a garment will be torn; like clothing you will replace them and they will be changed. [§]
Hemmah yoavedu ve'atah ta'amod ve'kulam kabbeged yivlu k'albush tachalifam ve'yachalofu.
'Hemmah' means 'they', 'yoavedu' means 'will be lost' or 'will perish', 've'atah' means 'and you', 'ta'amod' means 'will stand', 've'kulam' means 'and all of them', 'kabbeged' means 'like a garment', 'yivlu' means 'will be torn', 'k'albush' means 'like clothing', 'tachalifam' means 'you will replace them' or 'you will change them', 've'yachalofu' means 'and they will be changed' or 'will change'.
[PSA.102.28] And you are He, and your years will not be exhausted. [§]
ve'atah hu ushnotekha lo yitammu.
've' means 'and', 'atah' means 'you', 'hu' means 'he' or 'it', 'u' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'shnotekha' means 'your years', 'lo' means 'not', 'yitammu' means 'will be exhausted' or 'will become weary'.
[PSA.102.29] The sons of your servants will dwell, and their offspring will be established before you. [§]
B'nei avadecha yishkono ve-zaram lefanekha yikkon.
'B'nei' means 'the sons', 'avadecha' means 'of your servants', 'yishkono' means 'will dwell', 've-' means 'and', 'zaram' means 'their offspring/seed', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'yikkon' means 'will be established'.
PSA.103
[PSA.103.1] David, bless Yahveh, O my soul, and all my innermost being, bless His holy name. [§]
LeDavid barakhi nafshi et Yahveh vechol kravay et shem kadosho.
'LeDavid' means 'to David', 'barakhi' means 'bless' (imperative), 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'et' is the accusative marker (not translated), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'vechol' means 'and all', 'kravay' means 'my innermost being' (literally 'my inner parts'), 'et' again is the accusative marker, 'shem' means 'name', and 'kadosho' means 'His holy' (the holy one belonging to Him).
[PSA.103.2] Bless my soul, Yahveh, and do not forget all his rewards. [§]
Barchi nafshi et-Yahveh ve-al tishkechi kol gemulav.
'Barchi' means 'Bless', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (left untranslated), 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 've-al' means 'and do not', 'tishkechi' means 'forget', 'kol' means 'all', 'gemulav' means 'his rewards' (the blessings or mercies God gives).
[PSA.103.3] The forgiving one for all my sins, the healer for all my diseases. [§]
Ha soleh lechol avonechi ha rofe lechol tachaluiakhi.
'Ha' means 'the', 'soleh' means 'forgiving', 'lechol' means 'for all' or 'to all', 'avonechi' means 'my sins', 'rofe' means 'healer', 'tachaluiakhi' means 'my diseases' or 'my illnesses'.
[PSA.103.4] The redeemer out of shame, my life, the one who crowns me, lovingkindness and compassion. [§]
Ha-goel mi-shachat chayyechi ha-me'atrechi chesed ve-rachamim.
'Ha-goel' means 'the redeemer', a title for God as one who rescues. 'Mi-shachat' is a construct meaning 'from the shame' or 'out of shame'. 'Chayyechi' means 'my life' (from 'chayim' life + first person singular suffix). 'Ha-me'atrechi' means 'the one who crowns me' or 'my adorner' (from 'me'ater' to crown, with possessive suffix). 'Chesed' means 'lovingkindness' or 'steadfast love'. 'Ve-rachamim' means 'and compassion' (rachamim = mercies).
[PSA.103.5] The one who satisfies in good your testimony will be renewed like an eagle your youths. [§]
hamassbiya bat-tov edeykh tithadesh kan'nesher neuraykh.
'hamassbiya' means 'the one who satisfies', 'bat-tov' means 'in good', 'edeykh' means 'your testimony' or 'your pledge', 'tithadesh' means 'will be renewed', 'kan'nesher' means 'like an eagle', and 'neuraykh' means 'your youths'.
[PSA.103.6] Yahveh does justice and judgments for all oppressors. [§]
Oseh tzedakot Yahveh u-mishpatim lechol ashukim.
'Oseh' means 'does' or 'makes', 'tzedakot' means 'justice' or 'righteousness', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'mishpatim' means 'judgments', 'lechol' means 'for all', and 'ashukim' means 'oppressors' (those who oppress).
[PSA.103.7] He makes known His ways to Moses, to the children of Israel, His deeds. [§]
Yodia derachav leMoshé livnei Yisrael alilotav.
'Yodia' means 'he makes known', 'derachav' means 'His ways', 'leMoshé' means 'to Moses', 'livnei Yisrael' means 'to the children of Israel', 'alilotav' means 'His deeds'.
[PSA.103.8] Compassionate and gracious Yahveh, slow to anger and abundant in kindness. [§]
Rachum vechanun Yahveh erekh afayim ve-rov chesed.
'Rachum' means 'compassionate', 'vechanun' means 'and gracious', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'erek(h)' means 'long' or 'slow', 'afayim' literally 'nostrils' but in the idiom 'erek afayim' conveys 'slow to anger', 've-rov' means 'and abundant', 'chesed' means 'kindness' or 'loving‑kindness'.
[PSA.103.9] He will not contend forever, nor will he be angry forever. [§]
Lo lanetzach yariv ve lo leolam yitor.
"Lo" means "not", "lanetzach" means "forever", "yariv" means "will contend or fight", "ve" means "and", "lo" means "not", "leolam" means "forever", "yitor" means "will be angry or hostile".
[PSA.103.10] He has not acted against us because of our sins, nor has He repaid us because of our iniquities. [§]
Lo kachata'einu asah lanu ve'lo ka'avonoteinu gamal alenu.
'Lo' means 'not'. 'ka' is a comparative particle meaning 'because of' or 'as'. 'chata'einu' means 'our sins' (from the root chet, sin). 'asah' means 'has done' or 'has acted'. 'lanu' means 'for us' or 'against us' in this idiom. 've' is the conjunction 'and'. The second 'lo' again means 'not'. 'ka' again is 'because of'. 'avonoteinu' means 'our iniquities' (from avon, guilt). 'gamal' means 'has repaid' or 'has dealt with'. 'alenu' means 'upon us' or 'against us'.
[PSA.103.11] For as the heavens are high above the earth, so Yahveh's mercy is great over those who fear Him. [§]
Ki kigvoha shamayim al haaretz gavar chasdo al yereav.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'kigvoha' means 'as its height' or 'as high as', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'al' means 'above' or 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'gavar' means 'great' or 'exceeds', 'chasdo' means 'Yahveh's mercy', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'yereav' means 'those who fear (him)'.
[PSA.103.12] As far as the east is from the west, He has removed our sins from us. [§]
kirechok mizrach mima'arav hirchik mimenu et peshoneinu.
'kirechok' means 'as far as', 'mizrach' means 'the east', 'mima'arav' means 'the west', 'hirchik' means 'He removed' or 'He distance', 'mimenu' means 'from us', 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'peshoneinu' means 'our sins'.
[PSA.103.13] As a father has mercy on his children, Yahveh has mercy on his fearful ones. [§]
ke-racham av al banim riham Yahveh al yereav.
'ke-racham' means 'as/like mercy', 'av' means 'father', 'al' means 'upon' or 'against', 'banim' means 'children', 'riham' means 'has mercy' (verb form of mercy), 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'al' again means 'upon', 'yereav' means 'the fearful ones' or 'those who fear (God)'.
[PSA.103.14] Because He knows our desire, remember that we are dust. [§]
Ki hu yada yitzrenu zakur ki afar anachnu.
'Ki' means 'because', 'hu' means 'He', 'yada' means 'knows', 'yitzrenu' means 'our desire' or 'our inclination', 'zakur' means 'remember' (imperative), 'ki' means 'that' (or 'because'), 'afar' means 'dust', 'anachnu' means 'we' or 'us'.
[PSA.103.15] Man is like a reed his days; as the field's sprout, so he sprouts. [§]
Enosh kechatzir yamav ketsitz ha-sadeh ken yatsits.
'Enosh' means 'man', 'kechatzir' means 'like a reed', 'yamav' means 'his days', 'ketsitz' means 'sprout', 'ha-sadeh' means 'the field', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'yatsitz' means 'sprouts'.
[PSA.103.16] For the spirit has passed over him, and there is none, and his place is no longer known. [§]
Ki ruach avra-bo ve'einenno ve'lo yakirenu od mekomo.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ruach' means 'spirit' or 'breath', 'avra-bo' (avrah‑bo) means 'has passed over him', 've'einenno' means 'and there is none (of it)', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yakirenu' means 'recognizes him' or 'knows him', 'od' means 'anymore' or 'still', 'mekomo' means 'his place'.
[PSA.103.17] And the mercy of Yahveh is from forever to forever upon those who fear Him, and his righteousness to the children of children. [§]
ve-chesed Yahveh me'olam ve'ad olam al-yereav ve-tsidkato livnei banim.
've' means 'and', 'chesed' means 'mercy' or 'lovingkindness', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH, 'me'olam' means 'from eternity', 've'ad olam' means 'and to eternity', 'al-yereav' means 'upon those who fear (him)', 've-tsidkato' means 'and his righteousness', 'livnei' means 'to the children of', 'banim' means 'children'.
[PSA.103.18] For those who keep God's covenant and for those who remember God's statutes to do them. [§]
Le-shom-rei be-ree-to, u-le-zo-krei pik-ku-dav la-a-so-tam.
'Le' means 'for', 'shomrei' is the construct plural of 'shomer' meaning 'those who keep', 'berito' means 'His covenant' which we translate as 'God's covenant', 'u' means 'and', 'le' again means 'for', 'zochrei' is the construct plural of 'zocher' meaning 'those who remember', 'pikkudav' means 'His statutes' which we translate as 'God's statutes', 'la'asotam' means 'to do them' (the 'them' referring to the statutes or covenant).
[PSA.103.19] Yahveh in the heavens has prepared his throne, and his kingdom rules over all. [§]
Yahveh ba-shamayim hekin kisso u-malkhuto ba-kol mashala.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH. 'ba-shamayim' means 'in the heavens'. 'hekin' means 'has prepared' (from the root meaning to set up or arrange). 'kisso' means 'his throne' (kisseh with the third‑person singular masculine possessive suffix). 'u-malkhuto' means 'and his kingdom' (malkhut = kingdom, with the same possessive suffix, preceded by the conjunction 'and'). 'ba-kol' means 'over all' or 'in everything'. 'mashala' means 'rules', 'exercises authority', or 'governs'.
[PSA.103.20] Bless Yahveh, his angels, mighty ones of strength, doers of his word, to hear in the voice of his word. [§]
Bar'chu Yahveh mal'achav giborei koach osei devoro lishma beqol devoro.
'Bar'chu' means 'Bless' (imperative plural), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'mal'achav' means 'his angels', 'giborei' means 'mighty ones', 'koach' means 'strength', 'osei' means 'doers' or 'those who perform', 'devoro' means 'his word', 'lishma' means 'to hear', 'beqol' means 'in the voice', and the second 'devoro' again means 'his word'.
[PSA.103.21] Bless Yahveh, all his hosts, his servants, doers of his will. [§]
Bar'chu Yahveh kol-tzeva'av meshar'tav osei retzono.
'Bar'chu' means 'bless' (imperative plural), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'kol' means 'all', 'tzeva'av' means 'his hosts' or 'his armies', 'meshar'tav' means 'his servants' (those who serve him), 'osei' means 'doers of', and 'retzono' means 'his will' or 'his desire'.
[PSA.103.22] Bless Yahveh all his works in all his places of dominion; bless my soul Yahveh. [§]
Barachu YHWH kol ma'asav bechol mekomot memshalto barachi nafshi et YHWH.
"Barachu" means "bless" (imperative plural), "YHWH" is the divine name translated as "Yahveh", "kol" means "all", "ma'asav" means "his works", "bechol" means "in all", "mekomot" means "places", "memshalto" means "his dominion", "barachi" means "bless" (imperative singular), "nafshi" means "my soul", "et" is a particle marking the object, and the second "YHWH" again refers to "Yahveh".
PSA.104
[PSA.104.1] Bless my soul, O Yahveh my God, you have become very great; splendor and beauty you have clothed yourself with. [§]
Barakhi nafshi et-Yahveh Yahveh Elohai gadalta meod hod ve-hadar lavashta.
'Barakhi' means 'Bless', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, the second 'Yahveh' repeats the divine name, 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'gadalta' means 'you have become great', 'meod' means 'very', 'hod' means 'splendor' or 'glory', 've' means 'and', 'hadar' means 'splendor' or 'beauty', 'lavashta' means 'you have clothed yourself'.
[PSA.104.2] He wraps light like a veil; He spreads the heavens like a curtain. [§]
Oteh or kashalmah noteh shamayim kayriah.
'Oteh' means 'One who wraps' (a participle of the verb 'to wrap'), 'or' means 'light', 'kashalmah' means 'like a veil' (the word for a covering or veil), 'noteh' means 'One who spreads' or 'stretches', 'shamayim' means 'the heavens', and 'kayriah' means 'like a curtain' (a large covering).
[PSA.104.3] The caller in the waters his heights, the one who places clouds its expanse, the one who walks on the wings of wind. [§]
ha-meqareh ba-mayim aliyotav ha-sam avim rekhuvo ha-mehalekh al kanfei ruach.
'ha-meqareh' means 'the caller', 'ba-mayim' means 'in the waters', 'aliyotav' means 'his heights' or 'his ascents', 'ha-sam' means 'the one who places' or 'the set', 'avim' means 'clouds', 'rekhuvo' means 'its expanse' (referring to the firmament), 'ha-mehalekh' means 'the one who walks', 'al' means 'on', 'kanfei' means 'the wings of', 'ruach' means 'wind' or 'spirit'.
[PSA.104.4] Maker of his angels, winds, his servants, a fire that burns. [§]
Oseh malachav ruchot meshartav esh lohet.
'Oseh' means 'maker' or 'one who does', 'malachav' means 'his angels', 'ruchot' means 'winds' or 'spirits', 'meshartav' means 'his servants', 'esh' means 'fire', 'lohet' means 'that burns' or 'burning'.
[PSA.104.5] He established the earth upon its foundations; it shall not be moved forever and ever. [§]
Yasad eretz al mechonah bal timot olam vaed.
'Yasad' means 'established', 'eretz' means 'the earth', 'al' means 'upon', 'mechonah' means 'its foundations', 'bal' means 'not', 'timot' means 'shall be moved', 'olam' means 'forever', 'vaed' means 'and ever'.
[PSA.104.6] The deep is like a garment, its covering upon the mountains, water stands. [§]
tehom kallevush kisito al harim yaamdu mayim.
'tehom' means 'the deep' or 'abyss', 'kallevush' means 'like a garment', 'kisito' means 'its covering', 'al' means 'upon', 'harim' means 'the heights' or 'mountains', 'yaamdu' means 'stand' or 'are standing', 'mayim' means 'water'.
[PSA.104.7] They will flee from your wrath; they will hasten from the voice of your people. [§]
Min-ga'aratekha yenusun min-qol ra'amkha yechafezun.
'Min' means 'from'. 'Ga'aratekha' means 'your wrath' (ga'arah = wrath, -tekha = your). 'Yenusun' means 'they will flee' (verb root n-w-s, third person plural imperfect). 'Kol' means 'voice' or 'sound'. 'Ra'amkha' means 'your people' (ra'am = people, -kha = your). 'Yechafezun' means 'they will hasten' or 'they will be eager' (verb root ch-f-z, third person plural imperfect).
[PSA.104.8] The mountains will ascend, the valleys will descend, to this place Yahveh has established for them. [§]
Ya'alu harim yeredu beka'ot el mekom zeh yasadtah lahem.
'Ya'alu' means 'mountains will ascend', 'harim' means 'the mountains', 'yeredu' means 'they will descend', 'beka'ot' means 'into valleys', 'el' means 'to', 'mekom' means 'place', 'zeh' means 'this', 'yasadtah' means 'you have established' (referring to Yahveh), 'lahem' means 'for them'.
[PSA.104.9] The boundary you set shall not be crossed, and they shall not return to cover the earth. [§]
Gevul-shamta bal yaavrun bal yeshvun lechasot haaretz.
'Gevul' means 'boundary' or 'limit'. 'shamta' means 'you placed' (from the verb shamar, to set or keep). 'bal' means 'shall not' or 'will not'. 'yaavrun' means 'they will cross' (from the verb avar, to pass). 'bal' again means 'shall not'. 'yeshvun' means 'they will return' (from the verb shuv, to turn back). 'lechasot' means 'to cover' or 'to veil' (from the verb kasah, to cover). 'haaretz' means 'the earth' or 'the land'.
[PSA.104.10] The one who sends springs into the streams between the mountains shall walk. [§]
Ha mashaleach ma'yanim ban-chellim bein harim yehalekun.
'Ha' means 'the', 'mashaleach' means 'one who sends' or 'messenger', 'ma'yanim' means 'springs', 'ban-chellim' means 'in the streams', 'bein' means 'between', 'harim' means 'the hills' or 'mountains', 'yehalekun' means 'they shall go' or 'shall walk'.
[PSA.104.11] All his living creatures may drink from the fields; they will satisfy their thirst. [§]
Yashqu kol-chayto shadai yishberu peraim tzmaam.
'Yashqu' means 'they will drink', 'kol' means 'all', 'chayto' means 'his living (creature)', 'shadai' means 'the fields', 'yishberu' means 'they will break' but idiomatically 'to satisfy' or 'to quench', 'peraim' means 'the cattle' or 'livestock', and 'tzmaam' means 'their thirst'.
[PSA.104.12] Upon them the birds of the heavens will dwell; from among the dust they will give a sound. [§]
Aleihem of ha-shamayim yishkon mibein ofaim yitnu kol.
'Aleihem' means 'upon them', 'of' means 'bird', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'yishkon' means 'will dwell', 'mibein' means 'from among', 'ofaim' means 'dust' (plural), 'yitnu' means 'they will give', 'kol' means 'voice' or 'sound'.
[PSA.104.13] The watering of the mountains from its heights, from the fruit of your works, will satisfy the earth. [§]
Mashke harim me'aliyotav mipri maaseikha tissaba haaretz.
'Mashke' means 'watering' or 'drink', 'harim' means 'the mountains', 'me'aliyotav' means 'from its heights', 'mipri' means 'from the fruit', 'maaseikha' means 'of your works', 'tissaba' means 'will satisfy', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.104.14] He causes the grass to grow for the beasts, and herbs for the work of man, to bring forth bread from the earth. [§]
Matsemah chatsir la-behemah ve esev la-avodah ha-adam le-hotsi lechem min ha-aretz.
'Matsemah' means 'causes to sprout/grow', 'chatsir' means 'grass', 'la-behemah' means 'for the beast' (or 'for the animal'), 've' means 'and', 'esev' means 'herb' or 'greens', 'la-avodah' means 'for the work', 'ha-adam' means 'of man', 'le-hotsi' means 'to bring forth', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.104.15] And wine makes the heart of a human glad, to brighten faces with oil, and bread strengthens the heart of a human. [§]
Ve-yayin yeshammach le-vav-enosh le-hatzehil panim mi-shamen ve-lechem le-vav-enosh yis'ad.
'Ve' means 'and', 'yayin' means 'wine', 'yeshammach' means 'makes glad', 'le-vav' means 'to the heart', 'enosh' means 'of a human', 'le-hatzehil' means 'to brighten', 'panim' means 'faces', 'mi-shamen' means 'with oil', 've' again means 'and', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'yis'ad' means 'strengthens' or 'supports'. The phrase 'le-vav-enosh' is rendered as 'the heart of a human'.
[PSA.104.16] May the trees of Yahveh, the cedars of Lebanon that He planted, be satisfied. [§]
Yisbe'u atzei Yahveh arzei levanon asher nata
'Yisbe'u' means 'they shall be satisfied' (verb, third person plural). 'atzei' means 'trees of'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'arzei' means 'cedars'. 'levanon' means 'Lebanon'. 'asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'nata' means 'planted' (verb, third person singular).
[PSA.104.17] There the birds will purchase piety among the cypress trees of her house. [§]
Asher-sham tziporim yikannenu chasida be'roshim beitah.
'Asher' means 'that' or 'who', 'sham' means 'there', 'tziporim' means 'birds', 'yikannenu' is the future third‑person plural of the verb 'to purchase' meaning 'they will purchase', 'chasida' is a feminine noun meaning 'piety' or 'a pious woman', 'be'roshim' is the construct form of 'cypress' meaning 'in cypresses' or 'among the cypress trees', and 'beitah' means 'her house'. The phrase therefore describes birds that will buy or acquire piety within the cypress trees of her house.
[PSA.104.18] The lofty mountains for the wild goats, the rocks a shelter for the lambs. [§]
Ha-ramim ha-gebohim layyeelim selaim machseh lashfanim.
'Ha-ramim' means 'the mountains', 'ha-gebohim' means 'the lofty' or 'high', 'layyeelim' means 'for the wild goats', 'selaim' means 'rocks', 'machseh' means 'a shelter' or 'refuge', 'lashfanim' means 'for the lambs'.
[PSA.104.19] He made the moon for appointed times; the sun knows its rising. [§]
Asah yareach lemoadim shemesh yada mevoo
'Asah' means 'made' (third person singular), 'yareach' means 'moon', 'lemoadim' means 'for appointed times', 'shemesh' means 'sun', 'yada' means 'knows', 'mevoo' means 'its rising' or 'its course'.
[PSA.104.20] You cause darkness and it becomes night; in it you crush all the living creatures of the forest. [§]
tashet choshekh vi-yihee layla bo tirmos kol chayto yaar.
'tashet' means 'you cause' or 'you set', 'choshekh' means 'darkness', 'vi-yihee' means 'and it shall be' or 'and it becomes', 'layla' means 'night', 'bo' means 'in it', 'tirmos' means 'you crush' or 'you trample', 'kol' means 'all', 'chayto' means 'its living being' (creature), 'yaar' means 'forest'. The verse addresses God (YHVH) and describes the act of creating night and subduing the forest creatures.
[PSA.104.21] The monsters are prowling for prey and, seeking from God, they devour. [§]
ha'kefirim shoagim latarif ulevakesh me'el akhlam.
'ha'kefirim' means 'the monsters', 'shoagim' means 'are lurking' or 'prowling', 'latarif' means 'for prey', 'ulevakesh' means 'and to seek' or 'and to ask', 'me'el' means 'from God', 'akhlam' means 'they eat them' or 'they devour'.
[PSA.104.22] When the sun rises they will be gathered, and to their dwellings they will lie down. [§]
Tizrach ha-shemesh ye'asepun ve'el me'onotam yirbatzun.
'Tizrach' means 'will rise', 'ha-shemesh' means 'the sun', 'ye'asepun' means 'they will be gathered', 've'el' means 'and to', 'me'onotam' means 'their dwellings', 'yirbatzun' means 'they will lie down'.
[PSA.104.23] Man goes out to his work and to his labor until evening. [§]
Yetse Adam lepaalo ve laavodato adei arev.
'Yetse' means 'goes out', 'Adam' means 'man', 'lepaalo' means 'to his work', 've' means 'and', 'laavodato' means 'to his labor', 'adei' means 'until', 'arev' means 'evening'.
[PSA.104.24] What great are your deeds, Yahveh, all of them done in wisdom; you made the earth full of your acquisition. [§]
mah-ravoo ma'aseikha YHWH kullam bechokhmah asit malah haaretz kinyanekha.
'mah' means 'what', 'ravoo' means 'are many' or 'great', 'ma'aseikha' means 'your deeds', 'YHWH' means 'Yahveh', 'kullam' means 'all of them', 'bechokhmah' means 'in wisdom', 'asit' means 'you made', 'malah' means 'filled', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'kinyanekha' means 'your acquisition' or 'your purchase'.
[PSA.104.25] This sea is great and broad-sided; there are creeping creatures and no number of small animals with large ones. [§]
zeh hayam gadol urechav yadayim sham remes veein mispar chayot ktannot im gedolot.
'zeh' means 'this', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'gadol' means 'great', 'urechav' means 'and broad', 'yadayim' means 'hands' (idiomatically 'arms' or 'sides'), 'sham' means 'there', 'remes' means 'creeping thing' or 'insect', 'veein' means 'and no' or 'there is no', 'mispar' means 'number', 'chayot' means 'living creatures' or 'animals', 'ktannot' means 'small', 'im' means 'with', 'gedolot' means 'large' (plural).
[PSA.104.26] There the wheels will go to Leviathan; you have made this for play with it. [§]
Sham oniyot yehalekhun livyatan ze-yatsarta lesahek-bo.
'Sham' means 'there', 'oniyot' means 'wheels', 'yehalekhun' means 'they will walk/go', 'livyatan' means 'to Leviathan', 'ze' means 'this', 'yatsarta' means 'you formed/made', 'lesahek' means 'for play', 'bo' means 'with it'.
[PSA.104.27] All of them will break to you in order to give their food in its time. [§]
Kulam elekha yeshabrun latet achlam be'ito.
'Kulam' means 'all of them', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'yeshabrun' means 'they will break' (future third person plural of the verb 'break'), 'latet' means 'to give', 'achlam' means 'their food', 'be'ito' means 'in its time'.
[PSA.104.28] You give to them, they will gather; you open your hand, they are satisfied with good. [§]
titten lahem yilkotun tiftach yadkha yisveun tov
'titten' means 'you will give', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'yilkotun' means 'they will gather', 'tiftach' means 'you will open', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'yisveun' means 'they will be satisfied', 'tov' means 'good'.
[PSA.104.29] Hide your face; they will be terrified; they will add to their spirit; they will be humbled; and they will return to their dust. [§]
tastir panekha yivahelun tosef ruham yigvaon ve'el-afaram yeshvuun.
'tastir' means 'you will hide' (imperative), 'panekha' means 'your face', 'yivahelun' means 'they will be terrified' (future third plural), 'tosef' means 'they will add' (future third plural of to add), 'ruham' means 'their spirit', 'yigvaon' means 'they will be humbled' (future third plural), 've'el-afaram' means 'and to their dust', 'yeshvuun' means 'they will return' (future third plural).
[PSA.104.30] You will send your spirit; they will be created, and you renew the face of the earth. [§]
teshallach ruachaka yibbareun utechadesh penei adamah.
'teshallach' means 'you will send', 'ruachaka' means 'your spirit', 'yibbareun' means 'they will be created', 'utechadesh' means 'and you renew', 'penei' means 'the face of', 'adamah' means 'the earth'.
[PSA.104.31] May the glory of Yahveh be forever; Yahveh will rejoice in his works. [§]
Yehi kevod Yahveh leolam yismah Yahveh bemaasav.
'Yehi' means 'let be' or 'may it be', 'kevod' means 'glory', 'Yahveh' is the name of God (YHVH), 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'for eternity', 'yismah' means 'will rejoice', 'bemaasav' means 'in his works' (b- = in, maasav = his deeds).
[PSA.104.32] The one who looks to the earth, and it trembled; he will touch the mountains, and He will make us. [§]
ha-mabit la-aretz vatr'ad yiga be-harim veyeshanu.
'ha-mabit' means 'the one who looks', 'la-aretz' means 'to the earth', 'vatr'ad' means 'and it trembled', 'yiga' means 'he will touch', 'be-harim' means 'in the mountains', 'veyeshanu' means 'and He will make us'.
[PSA.104.33] I will sing to Yahveh in my life; I will praise my God while I continue. [§]
Ashira lYahveh bchayai azammerah leElohai bodiy.
'Ashira' means 'I will sing', 'lYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the proper name of God), 'bchayai' means 'in my life' or 'while I live', 'azammerah' means 'I will praise', 'leElohai' means 'my God' (El = God with possessive suffix), 'bodiy' means 'while I continue' or 'as I remain alive'.
[PSA.104.34] Evening will fall upon my companion; I will rejoice in Yahveh. [§]
Yeereb alav sihi anochi esmach baYahveh.
'Yeereb' means 'will become evening' or 'will turn to night', 'alav' means 'upon it' or 'upon him', 'sihi' means 'my companion' (from the root 'sich' meaning companion or friend), 'anochi' means 'I', 'esmach' means 'will rejoice', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (the proper name of God).
[PSA.104.35] May the sinners be cut off from the earth and the wicked are no more. My soul blesses Yahveh, praise Yah! [§]
yitammu chattaim min-haaretz u'rsha'im od einam barachi nafshi et-yahveh halelu-yah.
"yitammu" means "may they be cut off"; "chattaim" means "sinners"; "min-haaretz" means "from the earth"; "u'rsha'im" means "and the wicked"; "od" means "anymore" or "still"; "einam" means "they are not"; "barachi" means "my soul blesses"; "nafshi" means "my soul"; "et-yahveh" means "the LORD" (YHWH rendered as Yahveh); "halelu-yah" means "praise Yah", where "Yah" is the short form of Yahweh.
PSA.105
[PSA.105.1] Give thanks to Yahveh, call upon His name; proclaim among the peoples His wondrous deeds. [§]
Hodu laYahveh kiru bishmo hodi'u baamim alilotav.
'Hodu' means 'Give thanks', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'kiru' means 'call', 'bishmo' means 'upon His name', 'hodi'u' means 'make known' or 'proclaim', 'baamim' means 'among the peoples', 'alilotav' means 'His wondrous deeds'.
[PSA.105.2] Sing to Him, make music to Him, converse in all His wonders. [§]
Shiru-lo zammru-lo sichu bechol niflaotav.
'Shiru' means 'sing', '-lo' means 'to Him'. 'Zammru' means 'make music', '-lo' means 'to Him'. 'Sichu' means 'converse' or 'talk'. 'Bechol' means 'in all', 'niflaotav' means 'His wonders' (niflaot = wonders, av = his).
[PSA.105.3] Exult in the name of his holy one; let the heart of those who seek Yahveh rejoice. [§]
Hithalleloo b'shem Kadosho Yismach Lev Mevakshei Yahveh.
'Hithalleloo' means 'exult' (imperative plural), 'b'shem' means 'in the name of', 'Kadosho' means 'his holy (one)', 'Yismach' means 'let ... rejoice', 'Lev' means 'heart', 'Mevakshei' means 'of those who seek', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.105.4] Seek Yahveh and his strength; seek his face continually. [§]
Dirshu Yahveh ve'uzo bakshu fanav tamid.
'Dirshu' means 'Seek', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've'uzo' means 'and his strength', 'bakshu' means 'Seek', 'fanav' means 'his face', 'tamid' means 'continually' or 'always'.
[PSA.105.5] Remember His wonders which He made, His signs and the judgments of His mouth. [§]
Zichru niflotav asher-asah mof tav u-mishpetei piv.
'Zichru' means 'Remember', 'niflotav' means 'His wonders', 'asher' means 'which', 'asah' means 'He made', 'mof tav' means 'His signs', 'u' means 'and', 'mishpetei' means 'judgments of', 'piv' means 'His mouth'.
[PSA.105.6] The seed of Abraham his servant, the children of Jacob his chosen. [§]
Zera Avraham Avdo Bnei Yaakov Bechiro.
'Zera' means 'seed' or 'offspring', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'Avdo' means 'his servant', 'Bnei' means 'children of', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'Bechiro' means 'his chosen' or 'his elect'.
[PSA.105.7] He Yahveh our the Gods in all the earth his judgments. [§]
Hu Yahveh Eloheinu b'khol haaretz mishpatav.
'Hu' means 'He', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHWH, 'Eloheinu' means 'our the Gods' because Elohim is rendered as 'the Gods', 'b'khol haaretz' means 'in all the earth', 'mishpatav' means 'his judgments'. The verse declares that He, Yahveh, our the Gods, makes his judgments throughout the whole earth.
[PSA.105.8] He remembered forever his covenant, the word he commanded to a thousand generations. [§]
Zachar leolam berito davar tzivah le'eleph dor.
'Zachar' means 'he remembered', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'berito' means 'his covenant', 'davar' means 'word', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'le'eleph' means 'to a thousand', 'dor' means 'generations'.
[PSA.105.9] who cut the covenant with Abraham and turned it into mockery. [§]
asher karat et-Avraham u-shev'ato le-yischak.
'asher' means 'who' or 'that'; 'karat' means 'cut' or 'established' (as in making a covenant); 'et' is a direct‑object marker and is not translated; 'Avraham' is the proper name Abraham; 'u' means 'and'; 'shev'ato' means 'his covenant' or 'his oath'; 'le' is a preposition meaning 'to' or 'for'; 'yischak' means 'mockery' or 'to mock'.
[PSA.105.10] Yahveh set for Jacob a statute for Israel, an everlasting covenant. [§]
Vayya'amideha leYa'akov lechok leYisrael berit olam.
'Vayya'amideha' means 'and He (Yahveh) set it', with the suffix 'ha' referring to the feminine noun 'covenant'. 'leYa'akov' means 'for Jacob'. 'lechok' means 'as a statute' or 'law'. 'leYisrael' means 'for Israel'. 'berit' means 'covenant'. 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'eternal'. The pronoun 'He' referring to the deity is rendered as the literal name 'Yahveh'.
[PSA.105.11] Saying, I will give to you the land of Canaan, a belt of your inheritance. [§]
Le'emor lecha eten et-Eretz-Kena'an chevel nachalatchen.
'Le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say', 'lecha' means 'to you (masc.)', 'eten' means 'I will give', 'et-' is the direct‑object marker often rendered as 'the', 'Eretz-Kena'an' means 'land of Canaan', 'chevel' means 'belt, cord, boundary', 'nachalatchen' means 'your inheritance'.
[PSA.105.12] When they are the dead in number, as few, and they dwell in it. [§]
Bihyotam meteI mispar kim'at vegarim bah.
'Bihyotam' means 'when they are' or 'as they become'. 'MeteI' is the plural construct of 'dead' meaning 'the dead' or 'those who have died'. 'Mispar' means 'number' or 'quantity'. 'Kim'at' means 'as few' or 'like a little'. 'Vegarim' means 'and dwell' or 'they dwell'. 'Bah' means 'in it' or 'within it'.
[PSA.105.13] And they walked from nation to nation, from kingdom to another people. [§]
Vayyithellechu mi-goy el-goy mi-mamlekha el-am acher.
'Vayyithellechu' means 'and they walked' (a verb form of walk). 'mi-goy' means 'from nation', 'el-goy' means 'to nation'. 'mi-mamlekha' means 'from kingdom', 'el-am' means 'to people', 'acher' means 'another' or 'other'.
[PSA.105.14] No man allowed them to be oppressed, and the kings rebuked them. [§]
Lo hinniach adam le'ashkam vayochach aleihem melachim.
'Lo' means 'not', 'hinniach' means 'did allow' (negative form of 'to allow'), 'adam' means 'man' or 'person', 'le'ashkam' means 'to oppress them', 'vayochach' means 'and he rebuked' or 'and he corrected', 'aleihem' means 'upon them' or 'against them', 'melachim' means 'kings'.
[PSA.105.15] Do not touch my Messiah, and do not harm my prophets. [§]
Al tiggu bi-m'shichai ve-li-n'vi'ai al tareu.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tiggu' means 'you (plural) touch', 'bi' is the preposition 'in' or 'with', 'm'shichai' means 'my anointed one' (the Messiah), 've' means 'and', 'li' is the preposition 'to/for my', 'n'vi'ai' means 'my prophets', a second 'al' again means 'do not', and 'tareu' means 'you (plural) harm' or 'do evil'.
[PSA.105.16] And famine was declared over the earth; all the grain bundles were destroyed. [§]
Vayikra raav al haaretz kol matte lechem shavar.
'Vayikra' means 'and called/declared', 'raav' means 'famine', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'kol' means 'all', 'matte' means 'bundle' or 'heap', 'lechem' means 'grain' or 'bread', 'shavar' means 'was broken' or 'was destroyed'.
[PSA.105.17] He sent before them a man as a servant; Joseph was sold. [§]
Shalach lifneihem ish leaved nimkar Yosef.
'Shalach' means 'sent', 'lifneihem' means 'before them', 'ish' means 'a man', 'leaved' means 'to be a servant', 'nimkar' means 'was sold', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph'.
[PSA.105.18] His feet were bound with a rope; iron came upon his soul. [§]
Innu ba kebel ragliv barezel ba'ah nafsho.
'Innu' means 'afflict' or 'bind', 'ba' means 'with', 'kebel' means 'rope', 'ragliv' means 'his feet', 'barezel' means 'iron', 'ba'ah' means 'came', 'nafsho' means 'his soul'.
[PSA.105.19] Until the appointed time his word comes, the saying of Yahveh his ornament. [§]
ad-et bo-dvaro imrat Yahveh tzerafathu.
'ad-et' means 'until a time' (ad = until, et = time), 'bo-dvaro' means 'his word comes' (bo = comes, d'varó = his word), 'imrat' means 'the saying of', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'tzerafathu' means 'his ornament' or 'its ornament' (tzerafah = ornament, -thu = his/its).
[PSA.105.20] A king sent him, and he released him; a ruler of peoples, and he opened the way for him. [§]
Shalach melek vayatireihu moshel amim vaypattcheihu.
'Shalach' means 'sent', 'melek' means 'a king', 'vayatireihu' means 'and he released him', 'moshel' means 'a ruler' or 'one who governs', 'amim' means 'peoples' or 'nations', 'vaypattcheihu' means 'and he opened (the way) for him'.
[PSA.105.21] He placed the Lord over his house and ruler in all his dominion. [§]
Sammo Adon le'veito u-moshel be-chol-kinyo.
'Sammo' means 'He placed' (third‑person masculine perfect of the verb 'to place'), 'Adon' means 'Lord' (a title for God), 'le'veito' means 'over his house' (le‑ = 'to/for', beito = 'his house'), 'u‑' means 'and', 'moshel' means 'ruler' (from the root that means 'to rule'), 'be‑chol' means 'in all' (be‑ = 'in', chol = 'all'), 'kinyo' means 'his dominion' or 'his possession' (from the root meaning 'possession, property').
[PSA.105.22] To bind his princes in his soul, and his elders will become wise. [§]
Le'esor sarav be'naphsho uzeqenav yechakkem.
'Le'esor' means 'to bind', literally the infinitive construct of the verb 'asur' with the preposition 'to'. 'Sarav' means 'his princes' ('sar' = prince, minister; '-av' his). 'Be'naphsho' means 'in his soul' ('be' = in, 'nefesh' = soul, '-sho' his). 'Uzeqenav' means 'and his elders' ('u' = and, 'zeken' = elder, '-av' his). 'Yechakkem' is the imperfect third‑person singular of the verb 'chakam' meaning 'to become wise'; here it conveys 'they will become wise' referring to the elders.
[PSA.105.23] And Israel went to Egypt, and Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham. [§]
Vayavo Yisrael miTzrayim veYaakov gar beEretz Cham.
'Vayavo' means 'and (he) went/come', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'miTzrayim' means 'from Egypt' (Egypt), 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'gar' means 'sojourned' or 'dwelt', 'beEretz' means 'in the land', 'Cham' means 'Ham' (a proper name, son of Noah).
[PSA.105.24] And he scattered his people greatly, and he hardened him from his enemies. [§]
Vayefar et-ammo me'od vay'atzimehu mitsorav.
'Vayefar' means 'and he scattered', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ammo' means 'his people', 'me'od' means 'greatly' or 'very', 'vay'atzimehu' means 'and he hardened him', 'mitsorav' means 'from his enemies'.
[PSA.105.25] He turned their hearts to hate his people, so that they would be despised among his servants. [§]
Haphach livam lishno ammo lehitnakel ba'avadav.
'Haphach' means 'he turned', 'livam' means 'their hearts', 'lishno' means 'to hate', 'ammo' means 'his people', 'lehitnakel' means 'to be despised' or 'to be humbled', 'ba'avadav' means 'among his servants'.
[PSA.105.26] Moses sent his servant Aaron, whom he chose. [§]
Shalach Moshe avdo Aharon asher bachar-bo.
'Shalach' means 'sent', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'avdo' means 'his servant', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'asher' means 'who', 'bachar' means 'chose', '-bo' means 'him' (referring to Aaron).
[PSA.105.27] They placed there his signs and wonders in the land of Ham. [§]
shamu bam divrei ototav u-moftim be'eretz cham.
'shamu' means 'they placed', 'bam' means 'there', 'divrei' means 'words of' or 'the sayings of', 'ototav' means 'his signs', 'u-moftim' means 'and wonders', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'cham' means 'Ham' (the name of a region or person).
[PSA.105.28] He sent darkness and darkened, and they were not bitter, God’s word. [§]
shalach choshech vayachshich velo maru et-dvarovo.
'shalach' means 'he sent', 'choshech' means 'darkness', 'vayachshich' means 'and he covered' or 'and he darkened', 'velo' means 'and not', 'maru' means 'they became bitter' (negative form here indicating 'they were not bitter'), 'et-dvarovo' means 'his word' (the object marker 'et' plus 'dvar' = 'word' and the suffix '-o' = 'his'). In this context the pronoun 'his' refers to the deity, which we render as 'God'.
[PSA.105.29] He turned their water into blood and killed their fish. [§]
hapakh et-meimeihem ledam vayamet et-degatam.
'hapakh' means 'he turned', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'meimeihem' means 'their waters', 'ledam' means 'into blood', 'vayamet' means 'and he killed', 'et' again the direct‑object marker, 'degatam' means 'their fish'.
[PSA.105.30] Frogs crawl over their land, in the chambers of their kings. [§]
Sharatz artzam tzepharde'im b'chatrei malcheihem.
'Sharatz' means 'crawls' or 'creeps', 'artzam' means 'their land' (ארץ = land, suffix ם = their), 'tzepharde'im' means 'frogs', 'b'chatrei' means 'in the chambers of' (ב = in, חדר = chamber, suffix י = plural construct), 'malcheihem' means 'their kings' (מלך = king, suffixיהם = their).
[PSA.105.31] He said, and a raven came, birds throughout all their territory. [§]
Amar vayavo arav kinim bechol gevulam.
'Amar' means 'he said', 'vayavo' means 'and he came' or 'and he went', 'arav' means 'raven' (a type of bird), 'kinim' means 'birds' or 'flocks', 'bechol' means 'in all' or 'through all', 'gevulam' means 'their border' or 'their territory' (plural).
[PSA.105.32] He gave their rain as hail, fire as flames in their land. [§]
natan gishmehem barad esh lehavot beartzam
'natan' means 'He gave', 'gishmehem' means 'their rain', 'barad' means 'hail', 'esh' means 'fire', 'lehavot' means 'as flames' (or 'of flames'), 'beartzam' means 'in their land'. The subject understood is God, so the clause describes God's actions toward the people.
[PSA.105.33] He struck their vines and their figs, and he broke the tree of their border. [§]
Vayach gaphanam u-te'enatam vayeshaver etz gevulam.
'Vayach' means 'and he struck', 'gaphanam' means 'their vines', 'u-te'enatam' means 'and their figs', 'vayeshaver' means 'and he broke', 'etz' means 'tree', 'gevulam' means 'their border'.
[PSA.105.34] He said, and four came, and a portion, and there is no number. [§]
Amar vayyavo arbeh ve-yelok ve-ein mispar.
'Amar' means 'he said', 'vayyavo' means 'and [he] came', 'arbeh' means 'four', 've-yelok' is a difficult term often rendered as 'and a portion' or 'and a heap', 've-ein' means 'and no' or 'and there is no', 'mispar' means 'number'.
[PSA.105.35] And he ate all the grass of their earth, and he ate the fruit of their ground. [§]
Vayokhal kol-eshav be'aretzam vayokhal pri admatam.
'Vayokhal' means 'and (he) ate', 'kol' means 'all', 'eshav' means 'grass' or 'herb', 'be'aretz' means 'in the earth', the suffix '-am' attached to 'be'aretz' gives 'in their earth', the second 'vayokhal' repeats 'and (he) ate', 'pri' means 'fruit', and 'admatam' means 'of their ground'.
[PSA.105.36] And he struck all the firstborn in their land, the first for all their strength. [§]
Vayach kol bechor beartsam reshith lekol onam.
'Vayach' means 'and he struck' or 'and he hit'; 'kol' means 'all'; 'bechor' means 'firstborn'; 'beartsam' means 'in their land'; 'reshith' means 'the first' or 'the beginning'; 'lekol' means 'to all' or 'for all'; 'onam' means 'their strength' or 'their power'.
[PSA.105.37] And he brought them out in silver and gold, and there was no limit in his lineage. [§]
Va-yotzi'em be-chesef ve-zahav ve-ein bi-shvataiv koshel.
'Va-yotzi'em' means 'and he brought them out', 'be-chesef' means 'in silver', 've-zahav' means 'and gold', 've-ein' means 'and there was no', 'bi-shvataiv' means 'in his lineage/family', 'koshel' is a rare noun derived from the root K-Sh-L meaning 'limit' or 'restriction', here understood as 'limit'.
[PSA.105.38] Egypt was glad at their going out, because their terror fell upon them. [§]
samach Mitzrayim be-tze'etam ki nafal pachdam al-ehhem.
'samach' means 'rejoiced' or 'was glad', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'be-tze'etam' means 'at their going out' or 'when they departed', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'nafal' means 'fell', 'pachdam' means 'their terror' or 'their fear', 'al-ehhem' means 'upon them'.
[PSA.105.39] He spreads a cloud as a veil, and fire to illuminate the night. [§]
parash anan lemasach ve'esh leha'ir layla.
'parash' means 'to spread', 'anan' means 'cloud', 'lemasach' means 'as a veil' or 'for covering', 've'esh' means 'and fire', 'leha'ir' means 'to give light' or 'to illuminate', 'layla' means 'the night'.
[PSA.105.40] He asked and brought Shalav, and the bread of heaven will satisfy them. [§]
Sha'al vayave Shalav ve-lechem shamaim yashbiyeym.
'Sha'al' means 'asked', 'vayave' means 'and he brought', 'Shalav' is a proper name (the passage does not give a common noun meaning, so it is kept as a name), 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'shamaim' means 'heaven', 'yashbiyeym' means 'will satisfy them'.
[PSA.105.41] The rock opened and the waters turned; they went into the river valleys. [§]
Patakh tzur vayazuvu mayim halchu batzayot nahar.
'Patakh' means 'opened', 'tzur' means 'rock', 'vayazuvu' means 'and (they) turned' or 'and turned back', 'mayim' means 'water(s)', 'halchu' means 'they went', 'batzayot' means 'in the valleys', 'nahar' means 'river'.
[PSA.105.42] Because He remembered his holy word, the word concerning Abraham his servant. [§]
Ki zachar et-dvar kadosho et Avraham avdo.
'Ki' means 'because', 'zachar' means 'remembered', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'dvar' means 'word', 'kadosho' means 'his holy', another 'et' marks the next object, 'Avraham' is the personal name 'Abraham', 'avdo' means 'his servant' (referring to God as the master).
[PSA.105.43] And his people went out with gladness, with shouts, the chosen ones. [§]
Vayotzi ammo besason berinah et-bechirav.
'Vayotzi' means 'and he went out' or 'and he caused to go out', 'ammo' means 'his people', 'besason' means 'with gladness or joy', 'berinah' means 'with a shout or shouting', 'et' is a direct‑object marker that has no equivalent in English, 'bechirav' means 'the chosen ones' or 'his chosen'.
[PSA.105.44] And He gave them the lands of the nations, and the toil of the peoples they will inherit. [§]
Vayiten lahem aratzot goyim ve'amel le'umim yirashu.
'Vayiten' means 'and He gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'aratzot' means 'lands', 'goyim' means 'nations', 've'amel' means 'and toil/labor', 'le'umim' means 'to the peoples', 'yirashu' means 'they will inherit'.
[PSA.105.45] For they will keep his statutes and his teachings; they will keep them. Praise Yahveh. [§]
ba'avur yishmeru chukav ve-torotav yintzoru hal'lu-Yah.
'ba'avur' means 'for', 'yishmeru' means 'they will keep', 'chukav' means 'his statutes', 've-torotav' means 'and his teachings', 'yintzoru' means 'they will keep', 'hal'lu' means 'praise', 'Yah' (Yahveh) means the divine name YHVH rendered as 'Yahveh'.
PSA.106
[PSA.106.1] Praise Yahveh, give thanks to Yahveh, for He is good; for His love endures forever. [§]
Halleluyah hodu layahveh ki tov ki leolam chasdo.
'Hallel' means 'praise', 'Yah' is the short form of YHVH which is translated as 'Yahveh', so 'Halleluyah' means 'Praise Yahveh'. 'Hodu' means 'give thanks' or 'praise'. 'La' is the preposition 'to', attached to 'Yahveh' it forms 'to Yahveh'. 'Ki' means 'because' or 'for'. 'Tov' means 'good'. The second 'ki' repeats the causal conjunction. 'Leolam' means 'forever' or 'to eternity'. 'Chasdo' is 'his steadfast love/kindness', from the noun 'chesed' with the possessive suffix 'o' meaning 'his'.
[PSA.106.2] Who will proclaim the mighty deeds of Yahveh? He will cause all his praise to be heard. [§]
Mi ymellel gevurot Yahveh yashmia kol-tehilato.
'Mi' means 'who', 'ymellel' means 'will proclaim' or 'will recount', 'gevurot' means 'mighty deeds', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'yashmia' means 'will cause to be heard', 'kol' means 'all', 'tehilato' means 'his praise'.
[PSA.106.3] Blessed are those who keep the law and practice righteousness at all times. [§]
Ashrei shomrei mishpat oseh tzedakah bechol-et.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed', 'shomrei' means 'those who keep', 'mishpat' means 'law' or 'justice', 'oseh' means 'does' or 'practices', 'tzedakah' means 'righteousness' or 'justice', 'bechol-et' means 'at all times' ('bechol' = 'in all', 'et' = 'time').
[PSA.106.4] Remember me, Yahveh, in the favor of your people; attend to me in your salvation. [§]
Zakhreni Yahveh birzon ammecha pakdeni bishuatecha.
'Zakhreni' means 'remember me', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'birzon' means 'in the favor' or 'by choice', 'ammecha' means 'of your people', 'pakdeni' means 'attend to me' or 'watch over me', 'bishuatecha' means 'in your salvation'.
[PSA.106.5] To see the goodness of your choice, to rejoice in the joy of your people, and to exult with your inheritance. [§]
lirot be-tovat bechireikha lishmoach be-simchat goyekha lehit'hallel im nachalatekha.
'lirot' means 'to see', 'be-tovat' means 'in the goodness', 'bechireikha' means 'of your choice', 'lishmoach' means 'to rejoice', 'be-simchat' means 'in the joy of', 'goyekha' means 'your people', 'lehit'hallel' means 'to exult' or 'to boast', 'im' means 'with', 'nachalatekha' means 'your inheritance'.
[PSA.106.6] We have sinned with our fathers, we have done evil, we have acted wickedly. [§]
Chatanu im avoteinu he'eviinu hirshanu.
'Chatanu' means 'we have sinned', 'im' means 'with', 'avoteinu' means 'our fathers', 'he'eviinu' means 'we have done evil', 'hirshanu' means 'we have acted wickedly'.
[PSA.106.7] Our fathers in Egypt did not understand Yahveh's wonders; they did not remember Yahveh's great kindnesses, and they rebelled against the sea, the sea of Suf. [§]
Avoteinu bMitzrayim lo hiskilu niflaotcha lo zachru et rov chasadecha vayamru al yam b yam suf.
'Avoteinu' means 'our fathers', 'bMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'lo' means 'not', 'hiskilu' means 'they understood', 'niflaotcha' means 'your wonders', 'lo' means 'not', 'zachru' means 'they remembered', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'rov' means 'great multitude', 'chasadecha' means 'your kindnesses', 'vayamru' means 'and they rebelled', 'al' means 'against', 'yam' means 'the sea', 'b' means 'in', 'yam' means 'sea', 'suf' is a proper name meaning 'Suf' (a place).
[PSA.106.8] And Yahveh will save them for the sake of Yahveh's name, to make known Yahveh's mighty deeds. [§]
Vayoshie'em lema'an shemo le'hodia et-geburato.
'Vayoshie'em' means 'and He will save', referring to Yahveh. 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of'. 'shemo' means 'His name' (Yahveh's name). 'le'hodia' means 'to make known' or 'to declare'. 'et-geburato' means 'His mighty deeds' (Yahveh's mighty deeds). The pronouns and possessive forms are understood to refer to Yahveh, the name of God.
[PSA.106.9] And he burned in the Sea of Suf, and desolated, and led them into the depths like a desert. [§]
Vayigar beyam-suf vayecherev vayolekhem bathehom kamidbar.
'Vayigar' means 'and he burned' (from the root ga'ar 'to burn'), 'beyam-suf' means 'in the sea of Suf' (a proper place name), 'vayecherev' means 'and he desolated' (from the root cherev 'to make desolate'), 'vayolekhem' means 'and he led them' (from the root lech 'to lead'), 'bathehom' means 'into the deep places' or 'in the depths' (bathehom is the construct form of 'the depths'), 'kamidbar' means 'like a desert' (ka- 'like', midbar 'desert').
[PSA.106.10] He saved them from the hand of the hater and redeemed them from the hand of the enemy. [§]
vayyoshie'em miyad sonei vayigale'em miyad oyev.
'vayyoshie'em' means 'and He saved them', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'sonei' means 'the hater', 'vayigale'em' means 'and He redeemed them', 'oyev' means 'the enemy' or 'foe'.
[PSA.106.11] And they covered their enemies with water; not one of them remained. [§]
Vayekhasu mayim tzareihem echad mehem lo notar.
'Vayekhasu' means 'and they covered', 'mayim' means 'water', 'tzareihem' means 'their enemies', 'echad' means 'one', 'mehem' means 'of them', 'lo' means 'not', 'notar' means 'remained' or 'was left'. The clause therefore says that they covered their enemies with water, and that none of those enemies were left.
[PSA.106.12] And they believed in Yahveh's words; they will sing Yahveh's praise. [§]
Vaya'aminu bidvarav yashiru tehillato.
'Vaya'aminu' means 'and they believed', 'bidvarav' means 'in his words', 'yashiru' means 'they will sing', 'tehillato' means 'his praise'. The pronouns 'his' refer to the God YHVH, which is translated literally as 'Yahveh'.
[PSA.106.13] They hurry and forget his deeds; they are not wise to his counsel. [§]
Mi'haru shachchu ma'asav lo chiku la'atzato.
'Mi'haru' means 'they hurry' or 'they are swift', 'shachchu' means 'they forget', 'ma'asav' means 'his deeds', 'lo' means 'not', 'chiku' means 'they are wise' or 'they understand', 'la'atzato' means 'to his counsel'.
[PSA.106.14] And they longed for desire in the desert, and they tested God in the heavens. [§]
vayitaavu taavah bamidbar vayennasu El bishimon.
'vayitaavu' means 'and they longed', 'taavah' means 'desire' or 'longing', 'bamidbar' means 'in the desert', 'vayennasu' means 'and they tested', 'El' means 'God', 'bishimon' means 'in the heavens'.
[PSA.106.15] And he gave them their request, and he sent a secret into their soul. [§]
Vayiten lahem she'elatam vayeshallach razon benafsham.
'Vayiten' means 'and (he) gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'she'elatam' means 'their request' or 'their asking', 'vayeshallach' means 'and (he) sent', 'razon' means 'a secret' or 'mystery', 'benafsham' means 'in their soul' or 'within their inner being'.
[PSA.106.16] And they were jealous of Moses in the camp, of Aaron, holy Yahveh. [§]
Vayekanu leMoshe bamachane leAharon kadosh Yahveh.
'Vayekanu' means 'and they were jealous', 'leMoshe' means 'against Moses' or 'toward Moses', 'bamachane' means 'in the camp', 'leAharon' means 'against Aaron' or 'toward Aaron', 'kadosh' means 'holy', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHWH.
[PSA.106.17] The earth will open, and it will swallow Dan, and it will cover over the assembly of the mighty. [§]
Tiftach eretz vatevelah dan vatechas al adat aviram.
'Tiftach' means 'will open' (feminine verb referring to the earth); 'eretz' means 'earth'; 'vatevelah' means 'and she will swallow'; 'dan' is a proper name or term (could be a region or person named Dan); 'vatechas' means 'and she will cover'; 'al' means 'over'; 'adat' means 'assembly' or 'congregation'; 'aviram' means 'the mighty ones' (plural of 'avira').
[PSA.106.18] And fire burned in their assembly; a flame will scorch the wicked. [§]
va-teev-ar esh ba-adatam le-hah-vah te-la-het reshah-im.
'va' means 'and', 'tiv'ar' means 'she burned' (or 'burned'), 'esh' means 'fire', 'ba-adatam' means 'in their assembly' or 'in their presence', 'le-hah-vah' means 'a flame', 'te-la-het' means 'will scorch' or 'scorches', 'reshah-im' means 'the wicked'.
[PSA.106.19] They make a calf in the furnace and they worship a mask. [§]
Yasu egel bechorev vayishtachavu lemasheka.
'Yasu' means 'they make', 'egel' means 'a calf', 'bechorev' means 'in the furnace', 'vayishtachavu' means 'and they bow down' or 'they worship', 'lemasheka' means 'to a mask' or 'to an image'.
[PSA.106.20] And they turned their glory into the shape of a grass‑eating ox. [§]
Vayamir u et-kavodam be tavnit shor okhel esev.
'Vayamir u' means 'and they turned' (from the root mar meaning 'to make bitter' used idiomatically as 'to turn away' or 'to change'), 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'kavodam' means 'their glory', 'be' means 'in', 'tavnit' means 'form' or 'shape', 'shor' means 'ox', 'okhel' means 'eating', and 'esev' means 'grass'.
[PSA.106.21] They have forgotten God, their savior, who does great things in Egypt. [§]
Shakhu el moshiam oseh gedolot be-Mitzrayim.
'Shakhu' means 'they have forgotten', 'el' means 'God', 'moshiam' means 'their savior', 'oseh' means 'who does' or 'who makes', 'gedolot' means 'great things', 'be-Mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt'.
[PSA.106.22] Wonders in a scorching land, terrifying at the sea's end. [§]
Niflaot be'eretz cham noraot al-yam-suph.
'Niflaot' means 'wonders' or 'marvels', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'cham' means 'hot' or 'scorching', 'noraot' means 'terrifying' or 'awesome', 'al' means 'upon' or 'at', 'yam' means 'sea', 'suph' means 'end' or 'extremity'. The phrase strings these words together in the order they appear in the Hebrew.
[PSA.106.23] And he said, that they should be destroyed unless Moses, in his choice, stood in the open before him to turn back his wrath from destruction. [§]
Vayomer lehashmidam lulai Moshe bechiro amad baperetz lefanav lehashiv chamato mehashchit.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lehashmidam' means 'to destroy them', 'lulai' means 'unless', 'Moshe' is the name 'Moses', 'bechiro' means 'in his choice' or 'by his selection', 'amad' means 'stood', 'baperetz' means 'in the open field' or 'in the wilderness', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'lehashiv' means 'to turn back' or 'to restore', 'chamato' means 'his wrath', 'mehashchit' means 'from destruction'.
[PSA.106.24] And they despised the pleasant land, they did not believe his word. [§]
Vayima'asu be'eretz chemdah lo he'eminu lidvaro.
'Vayima'asu' means 'and they despised', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'chemdah' means 'pleasant' or 'desired', 'lo' means 'not', 'he'eminu' means 'they believed' (in the negative), 'lidvaro' means 'to his word'. The clause describes people rejecting a good land and refusing to trust the word of the Lord.
[PSA.106.25] And they killed in their tents; they did not hear the voice of Yahveh. [§]
Vayeragnu be'aholeihem lo shamu b'kol Yahveh.
'Vayeragnu' means 'and they killed', 'be'aholeihem' means 'in their tents', 'lo' means 'not', 'shamu' means 'they heard' or 'listened', 'b'kol' means 'in the voice of', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH meaning the divine name.
[PSA.106.26] And he lifted his hand toward them to bring them down in the wilderness. [§]
vayissa yado lahem lehap'il otam bamidbar.
'vayissa' means 'and he lifted/raised', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'lehap'il' means 'to cause to fall', 'otam' means 'them', 'bamidbar' means 'in the wilderness'.
[PSA.106.27] and to bring down their seed among the nations and to scatter them in the lands. [§]
ulhapil zaram bagoyim ulezarotam ba'aratsot.
'ulhapil' means 'and to bring down', 'zaram' means 'their seed', 'bagoyim' means 'among the nations', 'ulezarotam' means 'and to scatter them', 'ba'aratsot' means 'in the lands'.
[PSA.106.28] And they fasted for Baal-Phor and they ate the sacrifices of the dead. [§]
Vayitzamu lebaal pe'or vayochlu zivchei metim.
'Vayitzamu' means 'and they fasted', 'lebaal' means 'for (the god) Baal', 'pe'or' is the name of the deity Baal-Phor, 'vayochlu' means 'and they ate', 'zivchei' means 'the sacrifices', 'metim' means 'of the dead'.
[PSA.106.29] And they provoked in their deeds, and a plague burst out upon them. [§]
vayyakisoo be-ma'alleihem vati'fratz bam magefah.
'vayyakisoo' means 'and they provoked' (from the root k-as to irritate), 'be-ma'alleihem' means 'in their deeds' (plural construct of ma'ala, works), 'vati'fratz' means 'and it burst out' (from the verb paratz to break forth), 'bam' means 'upon them', 'magefah' means 'plague'.
[PSA.106.30] And Pinchas stood and prayed, and the plague was stopped. [§]
Va-yaamod Pinchas va-yifallel va-teatzar ha-magefah.
'Va' means 'and', 'yaamod' means 'he stood', 'Pinchas' is a proper name, 'va-yifallel' means 'and he prayed', 'va-teatzar' means 'and it was stopped', 'ha-magefah' means 'the plague'.
[PSA.106.31] And it was counted for him as righteousness for generation after generation forever. [§]
vatehashab lo litsdaka le-dor va-dor ad-olam
'vatehashab' means 'and it was considered', 'lo' means 'for him', 'litsdaka' means 'as righteousness', 'le-dor' means 'for a generation', 'va-dor' means 'and for a generation', 'ad-olam' means 'forever' or 'to the ages'.
[PSA.106.32] And they became angry over the waters of strife, and it brought trouble to Moses because of them. [§]
vayiktsifu al mei merivah vayera lemoshe ba'avuram.
'vayiktsifu' means 'and they became angry', 'al' means 'against' or 'over', 'mei' means 'waters', 'merivah' means 'of dispute or strife', together 'the waters of strife', 'vayera' means 'and it turned bad' or 'and it caused trouble', 'lemoshe' means 'to Moses' (dative), 'ba'avuram' means 'because of them' or 'on their account'.
[PSA.106.33] Because they turned his spirit, and he swore in his lips. [§]
ki hamru et-rucho vayibate bisphatav.
'ki' means 'because', 'hamru' means 'they turned' or 'they perverted', 'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object, 'rucho' means 'his spirit', 'vayibate' means 'and he swore' or 'and he affirmed', 'bisphatav' means 'in his lips'.
[PSA.106.34] Not they will destroy the peoples which Yahveh said to them. [§]
Lo hishmidu et ha'amim asher amar Yahveh lahem.
'Lo' means 'not', 'hishmidu' means 'they will destroy', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'amim' means 'the peoples', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'lahem' means 'to them' or 'for them'.
[PSA.106.35] And they intermingled with the nations, and they learned their practices. [§]
Vayyit'arevu bagoyim vayilmedu ma'aseihem.
'Vayyit'arevu' means 'and they intermingled' or 'and they mixed together', 'bagoyim' means 'with the nations', 'vayilmedu' means 'and they learned', 'ma'aseihem' means 'their works' or 'their practices'.
[PSA.106.36] And they served their idols, and they became a stumbling block to them. [§]
Vayya'avdu et-atzabeyhem vayyehu lahem le-mokes.
'Vayya'avdu' means 'and they served'; 'et-atzabeyhem' means 'their idols' (the plural form of 'idol'); 'vayyehu' means 'and they became'; 'lahem' means 'to them'; 'le-mokes' means 'a stumbling block' (something that causes stumbling).
[PSA.106.37] And they sacrificed their sons and their daughters to the demons. [§]
Vayizbechu et-b'neihem ve'et-b'noteyhem la-shedim.
'Vayizbechu' means 'and they sacrificed', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no English equivalent, 'b'neihem' means 'their sons', 've'et' means 'and', 'b'noteyhem' means 'their daughters', 'la-shedim' means 'to the demons' (shedim = demons).
[PSA.106.38] And they poured out pure blood, the blood of their sons and their daughters whom they sacrificed to the abominations of Canaan, and the land was filled with blood. [§]
Vayishpechu dam naki dam b'nehem uvenoteyhem asher zivchu laatzabei k'na'an vatechenaf haaretz ba damim.
'Vayishpechu' means 'and they poured out', 'dam' means 'blood', 'naki' means 'pure', 'dam b'nehem' means 'the blood of their sons', 'uvenoteyhem' means 'and of their daughters', 'asher' means 'whom', 'zivchu' means 'they sacrificed', 'laatzabei' means 'to the abominations', 'k'na'an' means 'of Canaan', 'vatechenaf' means 'and the land was filled', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'ba damim' means 'with blood'.
[PSA.106.39] And they became impure in their works, and they committed unfaithfulness in their perversions. [§]
vayitmeu bema'aseihem vayiznu bema'alleihem.
'vayitmeu' means 'they became impure/defiled', 'be' is the prefix 'in' or 'by', 'ma'aseihem' means 'their works' or 'their deeds', 'vayiznu' means 'they committed fornication/unfaithfulness', 'ma'alleihem' means 'their perversions' or 'their abominations'. The conjunction 've' (the initial vav) links the two clauses.
[PSA.106.40] And Yahveh's anger burned against his people and he abhorred his inheritance. [§]
Vayichar-af Yahveh be'ammo vayetaev et-nachalato.
'Vayichar' means 'and (He) became angry', 'af' means 'anger', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'be'ammo' means 'against his people', 'vayetaev' means 'and (He) abhorred', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'nachalato' means 'his inheritance' or 'his treasured possession'.
[PSA.106.41] Yahveh gave them into the hand of the nations, and their haters ruled over them. [§]
Vayittenem be-yad goyim vayimshlu bahem soneihem.
'Vayittenem' means 'and (He) gave them', 'be-yad' means 'in the hand of', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'vayimshlu' means 'and they ruled', 'bahem' means 'over them', 'soneihem' means 'their haters' or 'their enemies'. The pronoun 'He' refers to Yahveh, the name of God rendered as 'Yahveh'.
[PSA.106.42] And they pressed their enemies, and they bowed under their hand. [§]
Vayilchatzum oyvehem vayikannu tachat yam.
'Vayilchatzum' means 'and they pressed' or 'crushed', 'oyvehem' means 'their enemies', 'vayikannu' means 'and they bowed', 'tachat' means 'under', 'yam' means 'their hand'.
[PSA.106.43] Many times He will rescue them, and they are stubborn in their counsel, and they persist in their sin. [§]
Pe'amim rabbot yatzileim ve'hema yamru ba'atzatam vayammochu ba'avonam.
'Pe'amim' means 'times', 'rabbot' means 'many', together 'many times'. 'Yatzileim' is a verb meaning 'He will rescue them', the subject being God. 'Ve'hema' means 'and they'. 'Yamru' means 'they are stubborn' or 'they rebel'. 'Ba'atzatam' means 'in their counsel' or 'according to their advice'. 'Vayammochu' means 'and they become established' or 'they persist'. 'Ba'avonam' means 'in their sin'.
[PSA.106.44] He saw their distress when he heard their cry. [§]
Vayar batsar lahem beshamo et rinatam.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'batsar' means 'in the distress', 'lahem' means 'to them' or 'their', 'beshamo' means 'when he heard', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'rinatam' means 'their cry' or 'their song'.
[PSA.106.45] And He remembered His covenant to them, and He relented with abundant kindness. [§]
Vayizkor lahem berito vayinachem kerov chasdav.
'Vayizkor' means 'and He remembered', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'berito' means 'His covenant', 'vayinachem' means 'and He relented', 'kerov' means 'abundant', 'chasdav' means 'His kindness' (referring to God).
[PSA.106.46] He gave them mercy before all who turned back. [§]
Vayiten otam le-rakhim lifnei kol-shoveihem.
'Vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'otam' means 'them', 'le-rakhim' means 'for mercy' or 'with compassion', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'kol' means 'all', 'shoveihem' means 'their returners' (those who turn back).
[PSA.106.47] Save us, Yahveh our the Gods, and gather us from the nations, to give thanks for your holy name, to proclaim in your praise. [§]
Hoschienu Yahveh Eloheinu veKavtseinu min haggoyim lehodot le-shem Kadshekha le-hishtabach bi-tehilateka.
'Hoschienu' means 'save us', 'Yahveh' is the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'Eloheinu' means 'our the Gods' (Elohim = the Gods), 'veKavtseinu' means 'and gather us', 'min' means 'from', 'haggoyim' means 'the nations', 'lehodot' means 'to give thanks', 'le-shem' means 'for the name of', 'Kadshekha' means 'your holy', 'le-hishtabach' means 'to proclaim', 'bi-tehilateka' means 'in your praise'.
[PSA.106.48] Blessed Yahveh God of Israel from eternity and forever, and all the people said Amen, Praise Yah. [§]
Baruch Yahveh Elohei Yisrael min haolam vead haolam veamar kol haam amen halleluyah.
'Baruch' means 'Blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of El meaning 'God (of)', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'min' means 'from', 'haolam' means 'the world' or 'eternity', 'vead' means 'and forever', 'veamar' means 'and said', 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'amen' is a declaration of agreement, 'hallelu' means 'praise' and 'Yah' is a short form of Yahveh.
PSA.107
[PSA.107.1] Give thanks to Yahveh, for He is good; for His lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Hodu laYahveh ki tov ki leolam chasdo.
'Hodu' means 'give thanks', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'tov' means 'good', the second 'ki' repeats 'because', 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting', 'chasdo' means 'His lovingkindness' (referring to Yahveh's steadfast love).
[PSA.107.2] They will say, the redeemed of Yahveh, who He has redeemed from the hand of the enemy. [§]
Yomru geulei Yahveh asher gealam mid tsar.
'Yomru' means 'they will say', 'geulei' means 'the redeemed (of)', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'gealam' means 'has redeemed them', 'mid' means 'from the hand of', and 'tsar' means 'the enemy'.
[PSA.107.3] And from the ends of the earth He gathers them, from the east, from the west, from the north, and from the sea. [§]
u-mearatzot kivtzam mi-mizrach u-mi-maarav mi-tsafon u-mi-yam.
'u' means 'and', 'mearatzot' means 'from the ends of the earth', 'kivtzam' means 'gathers them', 'mi-mizrach' means 'from the east', 'u-mi-maarav' means 'and from the west', 'mi-tsafon' means 'from the north', 'u-mi-yam' means 'and from the sea'.
[PSA.107.4] They wander in the desert, in desolation, the road of a city dwelling they did not find. [§]
Ta'u ba-midbar bi-shimon derech ir mishav lo matsau.
'Ta'u' means 'they wander', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the desert', 'bi-shimon' means 'in desolation', 'derech' means 'road', 'ir' means 'city', 'mishav' means 'dwelling', 'lo' means 'not', 'matsau' means 'they found'.
[PSA.107.5] Hungry, also thirsty, their souls will be covered in them. [§]
Re'eveem gam-tzme'im nafsham bahem tit'ataf.
'Re'eveem' means 'hungry', 'gam-tzme'im' means 'also thirsty', 'nafsham' means 'their souls', 'bahem' means 'in them', 'tit'ataf' means 'will be covered' or 'will be enveloped'.
[PSA.107.6] And they cried out to Yahveh in their distress; from their pits He will deliver them. [§]
Vayitz'aku el-Yahveh batzar lahem mimetzukotehem yatsilem
'Vayitz'aku' means 'and they cried out', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'batzar' means 'in distress', 'lahem' means 'for them' (their), 'mimetzukotehem' means 'from their pits' (from their trouble), 'yatsilem' means 'He will deliver them'.
[PSA.107.7] And He led them in a straight way to walk to the settlement city. [§]
Vayadrichém be-derekh yesharah lalekhet el-ir moshev.
'Vayadrichém' means 'and He led them', 'be-derekh' means 'in the way', 'yesharah' means 'straight', 'lalekhet' means 'to walk', 'el-ir' means 'to the city', 'moshev' means 'settlement' or 'dwelling place'.
[PSA.107.8] Give thanks to Yahveh for his lovingkindness and his wonders, O sons of man. [§]
Yodu laYahveh chasdo ve-niflaotav liBnei adam.
'Yodu' means 'give thanks', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God), 'chasdo' means 'his lovingkindness', 've-niflaotav' means 'and his wonders', 'liBnei' means 'to the sons of', 'adam' means 'human' or 'man'.
[PSA.107.9] For Yahveh satisfies a thirsty soul and a hungry soul fills with good. [§]
Ki hishbi'a nefesh shokeqah ve'nefesh re'evah mileh tov.
'Ki' means 'for', 'hishbi'a' means 'He (Yahveh) satisfies', 'nefesh' means 'soul', 'shokeqah' means 'thirsty', 've'' means 'and', 'nefesh' again means 'soul', 're'evah' means 'hungry', 'mileh' means 'fills', 'tov' means 'good'. The verb 'hishbi'a' carries the implied divine subject YHVH, which is rendered as 'Yahveh' in the translation.
[PSA.107.10] Those who dwell in darkness and the deep, prisoners of misery and iron. [§]
Yoshevei choshech ve-tzalmut asirei oni u-barzel.
"Yoshevei" means "those who dwell" or "those who sit". "Choshech" means "darkness". "Ve" is the conjunction "and". "Tzalmut" means "the deep" or "the depths". "Asirei" means "prisoners" or "captives". "Oni" means "affliction", "misery" or "poverty". "U" is another conjunction "and". "Barzel" means "iron". The phrase therefore describes people who are living in darkness and deep gloom, held captive by misery and the harshness symbolized by iron.
[PSA.107.11] For they have perverted the words of God, and the counsel of the Most High is broken. [§]
Ki himru imrei El v'atzat Elyon natsu.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'himru' means 'they have perverted' or 'they have turned', 'imrei' is the construct form meaning 'the words of', 'El' means 'God', 'v' is the conjunction 'and', 'atzat' means 'counsel' or 'advice', 'Elyon' means 'the Most High' (a title for God), 'natsu' means 'are broken' or 'have been cut off'.
[PSA.107.12] And he humbled them in toil, their hearts are faint, and there is no helper. [§]
Vayachna be'emal libam, kashelu ve'ein ozer.
'Vayachna' means 'and humbled', from the root kn'a; 'be'emal' means 'in toil' or 'with labor'; 'libam' means 'their heart' (their inner being); 'kashelu' means 'they have become faint' or 'weak'; 've'ein' means 'and there is no'; 'ozer' means 'help' or 'helper'.
[PSA.107.13] And they cried out to Yahveh in their distress, he will save them from their bonds. [§]
Vayizaku el Yahveh ba tzar lahem mimetzukoteihem yoshiehem.
'Vayizaku' means 'and they cried out', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ba' means 'in', 'tzar' means 'distress' or 'trouble', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'mimetzukoteihem' means 'from their bonds' or 'from their prisons', 'yoshiehem' means 'he will save them'.
[PSA.107.14] He will bring them out from darkness and death, and will break their bonds. [§]
Yotzi'em mechoshech ve-tsal'mavet u-mosrotam yenatek.
'Yotzi'em' means 'He will bring them out', 'mechoshech' means 'from darkness', 've-tsal'mavet' means 'and death', 'u-mosrotam' means 'and their bonds', 'yenatek' means 'will break'.
[PSA.107.15] Give thanks to Yahveh for his lovingkindness and his wonders, O sons of man. [§]
Yodu laYahveh chasdo ve-niflaotav liBnei adam.
'Yodu' means 'give thanks', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God), 'chasdo' means 'his lovingkindness', 've-niflaotav' means 'and his wonders', 'liBnei' means 'to the sons of', 'adam' means 'human' or 'man'.
[PSA.107.16] Because he broke copper doors and fastened iron hinges. [§]
ki shivar daltot nechoshet u brihei barzel gidea.
'ki' means 'because', 'shivar' means 'he broke', 'daltot' means 'doors (plural)', 'nechoshet' means 'copper', 'u' means 'and', 'brihei' is the construct form of 'ri' meaning 'hinges' or 'joints', so 'brihei barzel' means 'iron hinges', 'gidea' is a verb form of the root G-D-ʿ meaning 'to bind' or 'to fasten', here understood as 'to fasten' or 'to secure'.
[PSA.107.17] The evildoers are removed from the way of their transgression, and they shall be humbled by their sins. [§]
evilim miderekh pisham umeavonoteihem yit'anu.
'evilim' means 'evildoers', 'miderekh' means 'from the way' or 'off the path', 'pisham' means 'their transgression' or 'their sin', 'umeavonoteihem' means 'and from their sins', 'yit'anu' means 'they shall be humbled' or 'they shall be brought low'.
[PSA.107.18] All that their soul finds detestable, they have come to the gates of death. [§]
Kol okhel tet\'ev nafsham vayaggiu ad sha\'arei mavet.
'Kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'okhel' means 'food' or 'that which is eaten', 'tet\'ev' means 'is detestable' or 'causes disgust', 'nafsham' means 'their soul' (their life), 'vayaggiu' means 'and they reached' or 'and they came to', 'ad' means 'to' or 'until', 'sha\'arei' means 'gates of', and 'mavet' means 'death'.
[PSA.107.19] And they cried out to Yahveh in their distress, he will save them from their bonds. [§]
Vayizaku el Yahveh ba tzar lahem mimetzukoteihem yoshiehem.
'Vayizaku' means 'and they cried out', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ba' means 'in', 'tzar' means 'distress' or 'trouble', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'mimetzukoteihem' means 'from their bonds' or 'from their prisons', 'yoshiehem' means 'he will save them'.
[PSA.107.20] He sends his word and heals them, and delivers them from their destruction. [§]
Yishlach devaro veyirpa'em vimmallet mishchitotam.
'Yishlach' means 'he will send', 'devaro' means 'his word', 'veyirpa\'em' means 'and he will heal them', 'vimmallet' means 'and he will deliver/save them', 'mishchitotam' means 'from their ruin' or 'from their destruction'.
[PSA.107.21] Let them give thanks to Yahveh for his kindness and his wonders to the children of man. [§]
Yo-doo lah-Yah-veh khas-doh veh-neef-lah-o-tav liv-ney ah-dam.
'Yo-doo' means 'they will give thanks', 'lah-Yah-veh' means 'to Yahveh', 'khass-doh' means 'his kindness', 'veh-neef-lah-o-tav' means 'and his wonders', 'liv-ney' means 'to the children of', 'ah-dam' means 'man'.
[PSA.107.22] And they shall offer sacrifices of thanksgiving and recount his deeds with joy. [§]
ve-yizbechu zivchei todah vi-sapru ma'asei v'rinah.
've' means 'and', 'yizbechu' means 'they shall sacrifice', 'zivchei' means 'sacrifices of' (construct form), 'todah' means 'thanksgiving', 'vi' means 'and', 'sapru' means 'they shall recount', 'ma'asei' means 'the deeds of', 'v'rinah' means 'with joy' or 'with singing'.
[PSA.107.23] Those who go down to the sea in ships are the ones who work in many waters. [§]
Yordei ha-yam ba'aniyot ose melacha be-mayim rabbim.
'Yordei' means 'those who go down', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 'ba'aniyot' means 'in ships', 'ose' means 'those who do', 'melacha' means 'work', 'be-mayim' means 'in waters', 'rabbim' means 'many'.
[PSA.107.24] They saw the works of Yahveh and his wonders in the sanctuary. [§]
Hem ra'u ma'asei Yahveh ve-nifle'otav bi-metzula.
'Hem' means 'they', 'ra'u' means 'saw', 'ma'asei' means 'the works of', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 've-nifle'otav' means 'and his wonders', 'bi-metzula' means 'in the sanctuary'.
[PSA.107.25] And he said, and he established a wind of a branch, and its wave was lifted up. [§]
Vayomer vayaamed ruach se'arah vatteromem galav.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'vayaamed' means 'and he stood or established', 'ruach' means 'wind' or 'spirit', 'se'arah' means 'a branch' or 'support', 'vatteromem' means 'and it was lifted up', 'galav' means 'its wave' or 'his wave'.
[PSA.107.26] The heavens will rise, the depths will descend, and their souls will be confounded in evil. [§]
Yaalu shamayim yeredu tehomot nafsham berah timogag.
'Yaalu' means 'they rise' or 'they go up', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'yeredu' means 'they go down' or 'they descend', 'tehomot' means 'the depths', 'nafsham' means 'their souls', 'berah' means 'in evil' or 'by wickedness', 'timogag' means 'they will be confounded' or 'they will be bewildered'.
[PSA.107.27] They will stumble and stagger like a drunk, and all their wisdom will be perverted. [§]
Yachogu ve-yanu'u kashikkor ve-khol-chakhamatam titbala.
'Yachogu' means 'they will stumble', 've-yanu'u' means 'and they will stagger', 'kashikkor' means 'like a drunk', 've-khol-chakhamatam' means 'and all their wisdom', 'titbala' means 'will be perverted or confused'.
[PSA.107.28] They cried out to Yahveh in their distress, and He brought them out of their troubles. [§]
Vayitz'aku el Yahveh batzar lahem u-mimtzukoteihem yotzi'em.
'Vayitz'aku' means 'they cried out', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'batzar' means 'in distress', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'u-mimtzukoteihem' means 'and from their troubles', 'yotzi'em' means 'He will bring them out'.
[PSA.107.29] A storm rises for the darkness, and they hushed their waves. [§]
Yaqem se'arah lidmamah vayekheshu galleihem.
'Yaqem' means 'rises' or 'stands up', 'se'arah' means 'storm', 'lidmamah' means 'for the darkness' (literally 'to darkness'), 'vayekheshu' means 'and they fell silent' or 'they were hushed', 'galleihem' means 'their waves' or 'their rolling'.
[PSA.107.30] And they rejoiced because they will be at rest, and he led them to the region of their desire. [§]
Va-yism'chu ki yishtoku va-yanchem el-mechoz cheftzam.
'Va-yism'chu' means 'and they rejoiced', 'ki' means 'because', 'yishtoku' means 'they will be at rest/quiet', 'va-yanchem' means 'and he led them', 'el' means 'to', 'mechoz' means 'region or place', 'cheftzam' means 'of their desire or longing'.
[PSA.107.31] Give thanks to Yahveh for his lovingkindness and his wonders, O sons of man. [§]
Yodu laYahveh chasdo ve-niflaotav liBnei adam.
'Yodu' means 'give thanks', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God), 'chasdo' means 'his lovingkindness', 've-niflaotav' means 'and his wonders', 'liBnei' means 'to the sons of', 'adam' means 'human' or 'man'.
[PSA.107.32] And they will lift up God in the assembly of the people, and in the dwelling of the elders they will praise Him. [§]
vi-yormemu'hu biqahal-am u‑v‑moshav zekenim yehaleluhu.
'vi-yormemu'hu' means 'and they will lift up Him', 'biqahal-am' means 'in the assembly of the people', 'u‑v‑moshav' means 'and in the dwelling', 'zekenim' means 'elders', 'yehaleluhu' means 'they will praise Him'. The pronoun 'Him' refers to the divine One, which we render as 'God' according to the literal naming rule.
[PSA.107.33] He makes rivers in the desert and water springs for the thirsty. [§]
Yassem neharot lemidbar u-motzei mayim le-tzimmaon.
'Yassem' means 'he will cause' or 'he makes', 'neharot' means 'rivers', 'lemidbar' means 'to the desert', 'u' is the conjunction 'and', 'motzei' (here from the root מצא) is used idiomatically for 'springs' or 'places where water is found', 'mayim' means 'water', 'le-tzimmaon' means 'for the thirsty'.
[PSA.107.34] Land of fruit for plowing, away from the evil of its dwellers. [§]
Eretz peri limlecha me'ra'at yoshevei bah.
'Eretz' means 'land' or 'earth', 'peri' means 'fruit' (as in fruitfulness), 'limlecha' means 'for plowing' or 'for cultivation', 'me'ra'at' means 'from the evil' or 'away from the evil', 'yoshevei' means 'those who dwell' or 'inhabitants', and 'bah' means 'in it' referring back to the land.
[PSA.107.35] He will make the desert a pool of water, and the dry land for those who find water. [§]
Yashem midbar la'aggam mayim ve'eretz tziyah lemotzaei mayim.
'Yashem' means 'will make' or 'will cause'. 'midbar' means 'desert' or 'wilderness'. 'la'aggam' means 'to a pool' (where 'aggam' is 'pool' or 'reservoir'). 'mayim' means 'water'. 've'eretz' means 'and land'. 'tziyah' means 'dry' or 'parched'. 'lemotzaei' means 'for those who find' (plural). 'mayim' again means 'water'.
[PSA.107.36] And the hungry settled there, and they established a dwelling city. [§]
Vayoshév sham re'evim vayichonnu ir moshev.
'Vayoshév' means 'and (he) settled', 'sham' means 'there', 're'evim' means 'the hungry', 'vayichonnu' means 'and (they) built/established', 'ir' means 'city', 'moshev' means 'dwelling' or 'habitation'.
[PSA.107.37] And they sowed fields and planted vineyards, and they produced abundant fruit. [§]
Vayizreu sadot vayitte'u keramim vayasu p'ri tevuah.
'Vayizreu' means 'and they sowed', 'sadot' means 'fields', 'vayitte'u' means 'and they planted', 'keramim' means 'vineyards', 'vayasu' means 'and they made' or 'produced', 'p'ri' means 'fruit', 'tevuah' means 'abundance' or 'fullness'.
[PSA.107.38] Yahveh blessed them and they increased greatly, and their livestock was not diminished. [§]
Vayevarkhem vayirbu meod uvehemtam lo yamit.
'Vayevarkhem' means 'and Yahveh blessed them', the verb 'bless' with the implicit divine subject Yahveh. 'Vayirbu' means 'and they increased', referring to the people. 'Meod' means 'greatly'. 'Uvehemtam' means 'and their livestock', from 'behem' (livestock) with the suffix 'tam' (their). 'Lo' means 'not'. 'Yamit' means 'diminish' or 'decrease'. The verse therefore says that Yahveh blessed the people, they multiplied greatly, and their livestock was not reduced.
[PSA.107.39] They humbled themselves and shouted for joy from the prison of trouble and sorrow. [§]
Vayyimatu Vayyishohu Meotzer Raah Veyagon.
'Vayyimatu' means 'and they humbled (themselves)', 'Vayyishohu' means 'and they shouted for joy', 'Meotzer' means 'from prison', 'Raah' means 'evil' or 'trouble', 'Veyagon' means 'and sorrow'.
[PSA.107.40] He pours scorn upon the noble and confounds them in chaos; there is no way. [§]
Shofech buz al nedivim vayata'em betohu lo-darekh.
'Shofech' means 'pours out', 'buz' means 'scorn' or 'contempt', 'al' means 'upon', 'nedivim' means 'the noble ones' or 'generous persons', 'vayata'em' means 'and confounds' or 'makes them bewildered', 'betohu' means 'in the void' or 'in chaos', 'lo-darekh' means 'no way' or 'no path'.
[PSA.107.41] And Evyon left Shechem and placed it like a flock of families. [§]
vayisaggev Evyon me'oni vayasem ka-tzon mishpachot.
'vayisaggev' means 'and he went up/left', 'Evyon' is the proper name Abimelech, 'me'oni' means 'from Shechem', 'vayasem' means 'and he placed/put', 'ka-tzon' means 'like a flock', 'mishpachot' means 'of families'.
[PSA.107.42] The righteous will see and rejoice, and every wickedness has cut off its mouth. [§]
Yir'u yesharim veyismachu ve-khol avlah kaptsa pihah.
'Yir'u' means 'the righteous will see', 'yesharim' means 'the righteous', 'veyismachu' means 'and rejoice', 've-khol' means 'and every', 'avlah' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity', 'kaptsa' means 'has cut off' or 'has stunted', 'pihah' means 'its mouth'.
[PSA.107.43] Who is wise and will keep these and will understand the mercies of Yahveh. [§]
Mi chacham ve-yishmor eile ve-yitbonenu chasdei Yahveh.
'Mi' means 'who', 'chacham' means 'wise', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'yishmor' means 'will keep' or 'will guard', 'eile' means 'these', the second 've' again means 'and', 'yitbonenu' means 'will understand' or 'will contemplate', 'chasdei' means 'mercies of', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
PSA.108
[PSA.108.1] Song of a psalm of David. [§]
Shir Mizmor leDavid.
'Shir' means 'song', 'Mizmor' means 'psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (a genitive indicating authorship).
[PSA.108.2] My heart is steadfast, the Gods; I will sing and I will make melody, also my glory. [§]
Nakhon libi Elohim ashira vaazammera af-kebodi.
'Nakhon' means 'firm' or 'steady', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (the plural form used for God), 'ashira' means 'I will sing', 'vaazammera' means 'and I will make melody' or 'and I will praise', 'af' means 'also' or 'even', 'kebodi' means 'my glory'.
[PSA.108.3] Awake, harp and lyre; I will awaken the dawn. [§]
Urah ha-nevel ve-kinor a'irah shahar.
'Urah' means 'awake' (imperative). 'ha-nevel' means 'the harp'. 've-kinor' means 'and the lyre' (or pipe). 'a'irah' means 'I will awaken'. 'shahar' means 'dawn' or 'morning'.
[PSA.108.4] I will praise you among the peoples, Yahveh, and I will sing to you among the nations. [§]
odkha baamim Yahveh vaazammerkha bal-ummim.
'odkha' means 'I will praise you', 'baamim' means 'among the peoples', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vaazammerkha' means 'and I will sing to you', 'bal-ummim' means 'among the nations'.
[PSA.108.5] Because your mercy is great above the heavens and your truth reaches to the clouds. [§]
Ki gadol me'al shamayim chasdecha ve'ad shchakhim amit'cha.
'Ki' means 'because', 'gadol' means 'great', 'me'al' means 'above' or 'over', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'chasdecha' means 'your mercy' (literally 'your lovingkindness'), 've'ad' means 'and to' or 'and until', 'shchakhim' means 'clouds', 'amit'cha' means 'your truth' (literally 'your faithfulness'). The pronoun 'your' refers to the addressed God.
[PSA.108.6] Rise up over the heavens the Gods and over all the earth your glory. [§]
Ruma al-shamayim Elohim ve'al kol ha-aretz kevodekha.
'Ruma' means 'rise up', 'al' means 'on' or 'over', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 've'al' means 'and over', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'kevodekha' means 'your glory'.
[PSA.108.7] In order that your friends may be rescued, save with your right hand and answer me. [§]
lema'an yechalketsun yedidekha hoshia yemincha vaaneini
'lema'an' means 'for the sake of' or 'in order that', 'yechalketsun' means 'they may be rescued', 'yedidekha' means 'your friends' or 'your beloved ones', 'hoshia' means 'save!' (imperative), 'yemincha' means 'your right hand', 'vaaneini' means 'and answer me' or 'and hear me'.
[PSA.108.8] the Gods spoke in his holy; I will rejoice, I will divide your, and valley booths I will strengthen. [§]
Elohim diber bekadsho e'alozah achalka shekhem ve'emek sukot amaded.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'bekadsho' means 'in his holy (place or holiness)', 'e'alozah' means 'I will rejoice', 'achalka' means 'I will divide', 'shekhem' means 'your' (plural possessive), 've'emek' means 'and valley', 'sukot' means 'booths' or 'tabernacles', 'amaded' means 'I will strengthen' or 'I will make firm'.
[PSA.108.9] Gilead is mine, Manasseh is mine; Ephraim is the support of my head, Judah is my portion. [§]
Lee Gil'ad lee Menasheh veEphrayim ma'oz roshi Yehudah mechokeki.
'Lee' means 'to me' or 'mine', 'Gil'ad' is a place name meaning 'heap of testimony', 'Menasheh' is a tribal name meaning 'causing to forget', 'veEphrayim' means 'and Ephraim', 'ma'oz' means 'stronghold' or 'support', 'roshi' means 'of my head', 'Yehudah' is a tribal name meaning 'praise' or 'thanksgiving', 'mechokeki' means 'my portion' or 'my share'.
[PSA.108.10] Moab, a pot of my washing; upon Edom I will cast my sandal upon a pestle to the ground. [§]
Moav sir rachtsi al-edom ashlich na'ali al-peleshet etroa.
'Moav' means 'Moab', a region east of the Jordan. 'sir' means 'pot' or 'cauldron'. 'rachtsi' means 'my washing' (literally 'my bath'). 'al' means 'upon' or 'against'. 'Edom' is the name 'Edom', a neighboring nation. 'ashlich' means 'I will cast' or 'I will throw'. 'na'ali' means 'my sandal' (plural 'shoes' is 'sandal'). 'al-peleshet' means 'upon a pestle' (a grinding stone). 'etroa' is a form of the verb meaning 'to the ground' or 'to the earth', indicating the final destination of the thrown sandal.
[PSA.108.11] Who will bring me out of the city, out of the stronghold? Who will guide me to Edom? [§]
Mi yobileini ir mi-btsar mi nachani ad edom.
'Mi' means 'who', 'yobileini' means 'will bring me', 'ir' means 'city', 'mi-btsar' means 'from a stronghold', the second 'mi' means 'who', 'nachani' means 'will guide me', 'ad' means 'to', 'edom' means 'Edom' (a region).
[PSA.108.12] Is it not the Gods have forsaken us, and will not the Gods go out in our armies. [§]
halo Elohim zenachtanu velo tsetse Elohim b'tziv'oteinu.
'halo' means 'Is it not', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'zenachtanu' means 'you have forsaken us', 'velo' means 'and not', 'tsetse' means 'you will go out', 'b'tziv'oteinu' means 'in our armies'.
[PSA.108.13] Give us help in distress, and false salvation of man. [§]
Havah lanu ezrat mitsar ve-shav teshuat adam.
'Havah' means 'give', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'ezrat' means 'help', 'mitsar' means 'distress' or 'tight place', 've-shav' means 'and false' or 'and vain', 'teshuat' means 'salvation' or 'deliverance', 'adam' means 'man' or 'human'.
[PSA.108.14] By the Gods we will make might, and he will crush our enemies. [§]
be'elohim na'aseh chayil ve'hu yavus tzarenu.
'be' means 'by', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'na'aseh' means 'we will do or make', 'chayil' means 'strength or might', 've' means 'and', 'hu' means 'he or it', 'yavus' means 'will bring to ruin or crush', 'tzarenu' means 'our oppressors or enemies'.
PSA.109
[PSA.109.1] To the chief musician, a psalm of David, God of my praise, do not be silent. [§]
lamnatzeach leDavid mizmor Elohei tehllati al techerash.
'lamnatzeach' means 'to the chief musician', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'mizmor' means 'a psalm', 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'tehllati' means 'my praise', 'al' means 'do not', 'techerash' means 'be silent'.
[PSA.109.2] Because the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of deceit have opened against me; they speak to me with a lying tongue. [§]
ki pi rasha u'pi mirmah alai patachu dibru eti leshon shaker.
'ki' means 'because', 'pi' means 'mouth', 'rasha' means 'wicked', 'u'pi' means 'and mouth', 'mirmah' means 'of deceit', 'alai' means 'against me', 'patachu' means 'they have opened', 'dibru' means 'they have spoken', 'eti' means 'against me' or 'to me', 'leshon' means 'tongue' or 'language', 'shaker' means 'false' or 'lying'.
[PSA.109.3] And words of hatred surrounded me, and they fought against me out of spite. [§]
ve-dibrei sinah sevavuni vayilachamuni chinam.
've' means 'and', 'dibrei' means 'words (of)', 'sinah' means 'hatred', 'sevavuni' means 'surrounded me', 'vayilachamuni' means 'and they fought against me', 'chinam' means 'out of spite' or 'in malicious contempt'.
[PSA.109.4] In spite of my love they will despise me, and I am prayer. [§]
tachat ahavati yistenu'ni va'ani tefillah.
'tachat' means 'under' or 'in spite of', 'ahavati' means 'my love', 'yistenu'ni' means 'they will despise me', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'tefillah' means 'prayer'.
[PSA.109.5] And they placed evil upon me instead of good, and hatred instead of my love. [§]
Vayasisimu alai raah tachat tovah ve sinah tachat ahavati.
'Vayasisimu' means 'and they placed', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'raah' means 'evil', 'tachat' means 'instead of' or 'under', 'tovah' means 'good', 've' means 'and', 'sinah' means 'hatred', 'ahavati' means 'my love'.
[PSA.109.6] May the wicked be appointed over him, and the adversary will stand on his right. [§]
Hafked alav rasha ve satan yaamod al-yemino.
'Hafked' means 'appoint' or 'place', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'rasha' means 'the wicked', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'satan' means 'adversary' or 'the accuser', 'yaamod' means 'will stand', 'al' means 'on', 'yemino' means 'his right'.
[PSA.109.7] In his judgment the wicked will go out and his prayer will be for sin. [§]
behishpato yetse rasha uteplato tihyeh lachata.
'behishpato' means 'in his judgment', 'yetse' means 'will go out', 'rasha' means 'the wicked', 'uteplato' means 'and his prayer', 'tihyeh' means 'will be', 'lachata' means 'for sin'.
[PSA.109.8] His days will be few; his appointed time will take another. [§]
Yihyu-yamav meatim pekudato yikkach achar.
'Yihyu' means 'may be', 'yamav' means 'his days', 'meatim' means 'few', 'pekudato' means 'his appointed time', 'yikkach' means 'will take', 'achar' means 'another'.
[PSA.109.9] May his sons be orphans and his wife a widow. [§]
Yihyu-vanav yitomim ve ishto almanah.
'Yihyu' means 'may [they] be', 'vanav' means 'his sons', 'yitomim' means 'orphaned' or 'orphan', 've' means 'and', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'almanah' means 'widow'.
[PSA.109.10] And they caused his sons to shake, and they asked, and they sought from their swords. [§]
ve noa yanuu banav ve shie lu ve darshu mecharvoteyhem
've' means 'and', 'noa' means 'to move' or 'to shake', 'yanuu' is a verb meaning 'they caused to shake' or 'they shook', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'shie lu' means 'they asked', 'darshu' means 'they sought', 'mecharvoteyhem' means 'from their swords'. The phrase describes a group causing the sons of someone to be shaken, then asking and seeking something from the swords belonging to them.
[PSA.109.11] He will search the dweller of all that is his, and foreigners will despise him. [§]
Yenakesh nosheh lekol asher lo ve-yavozzu zarim yeghi'o.
'Yenakesh' means 'he will search' (future of the verb N-K-Sh); 'nosheh' means 'the dweller' (a noun derived from the verb for dwelling); 'lekol' means 'to/for all'; 'asher' means 'that/which'; 'lo' means 'his' (possessive suffix); 've-yavozzu' means 'and they will despise' (future of the verb b-z-z with a conjunction); 'zarim' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners'; 'yeghi'o' means 'they will approach' or 'they will come near' (future of the verb g-y-h).
[PSA.109.12] Let not be to him a drawing of kindness, and let not be gracious to his offspring. [§]
Al-yehi-lo moshech chesed ve-al-yehi chonen li-tomav.
'Al' means 'let not' (negative imperative). 'yehi' means 'be' or 'let it be'. 'lo' means 'to him' or 'for him'. 'moshech' comes from the root meshach 'to draw, pull', here understood as 'one who draws' or 'drawing'. 'chesed' means 'lovingkindness, kindness'. 've' means 'and'. The second 'al' repeats the negative. 'yehi' again means 'be'. 'chonen' means 'gracious, compassionate'. 'li' means 'to me' but here combined with the following word as a construct; 'tomav' (from the broken form) is taken as 'his offspring' or 'his descendants'.
[PSA.109.13] May his end be cut off; in a later generation their name will be erased. [§]
Yehiy akharito lehakrit be-dor achar yimmach shemam.
'Yehiy' means 'let it be' (imperative of be), 'akharito' means 'his end', 'lehakrit' means 'to cut off', 'be-dor' means 'in a generation', 'achar' means 'later' or 'another', 'yimmach' means 'he will erase', 'shemam' means 'their name'.
[PSA.109.14] May the guilt of his fathers be remembered to God Yahveh, and the sin of his mother not be erased. [§]
Yizaker avon avotav el-Yahveh vechatat imo al-timmach.
'Yizaker' means 'may be remembered', 'avon' means 'guilt or iniquity', 'avotav' means 'of his fathers', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to God Yahveh', 'vechatat' means 'and the sin', 'imo' means 'of his mother', 'al-timmach' means 'let not be erased'.
[PSA.109.15] They shall be always before Yahveh, and (He) will cut off their remembrance from the land. [§]
Yihyu neged Yahveh tamid veyakret me'eretz zikhram.
'Yihyu' means 'they shall be', 'neged' means 'before' or 'opposite', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'tamid' means 'always', 'veyakret' means 'and (He) will cut off', 'me\'eretz' means 'from the land', 'zikhram' means 'their remembrance' or 'their memory'.
[PSA.109.16] Because he did not remember to do kindness and pursued a poor and needy man and hardened the heart to kill. [§]
ya'an asher lo zachar asot chesed vayirdoof ish-ani ve'evyon ve'nicha'eh levav lemotet.
'ya'an' means 'because', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'lo' means 'not', 'zachar' means 'remembered', 'asot' means 'to do', 'chesed' means 'kindness' or 'mercy', 'vayirdoof' means 'and pursued', 'ish-ani' means 'a poor man', 've'evyon' means 'and a needy (poor) one', 've'nicha'eh' means 'and hardened', 'levav' means 'the heart', 'lemotet' means 'to kill' (infinitive).
[PSA.109.17] And he loved a curse, and it came to him, and he does not desire a blessing, and it was removed from him. [§]
vay'ehav qelalah vatevo'ehhu velo chafetz bivracha vatrichak mimmennu.
'vay'ehav' means 'and he loved', 'qelalah' means 'a curse', 'vatevo'ehhu' means 'and it came to him', 'velo' means 'and not', 'chafetz' means 'desires', 'bivracha' means 'a blessing' (literally 'in blessing'), 'vatrichak' means 'and it was removed', 'mimmennu' means 'from him'.
[PSA.109.18] And he/she clothed a curse as his measure, and she came like water within him, and like oil in his bones. [§]
Vayilbash klelah k'mado watavo kamayim beqirbo vekashamen be'atzmotav.
'Vayilbash' means 'and (he/she/it) dressed/clothed', 'klelah' means 'a curse', 'k'mado' means 'as his measure' (a simile), 'watavo' means 'and she came', 'kamayim' means 'like water', 'beqirbo' means 'in his interior/within him', 'vekashamen' means 'and like oil', 'be'atzmotav' means 'in his bones'.
[PSA.109.19] Let it be for him as a garment he may clothe himself with, and as a belt he may bind it continually. [§]
Tehi-lo keveged ya'te u'lemezach tamid yachgereha.
'Tehi' means 'let it be', 'lo' means 'for him', 'keveged' means 'as a garment', 'ya'te' (ya'ateh) means 'he will wrap' or 'he may clothe', 'u'lemezach' means 'and as a belt', 'tamid' means 'always' or 'continually', 'yachgereha' means 'he will bind it' (it).
[PSA.109.20] This is the deed of my scoffers from Yahveh, and those who speak evil against my soul. [§]
Zot peullat shotnai me'eth Yahveh vehadovrim ra al nafshi.
'Zot' means 'this', 'peullat' means 'deed' or 'work', 'shotnai' means 'my scoffers' or 'those who mock me', 'me'eth' means 'from the hand of' or 'by', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'vehadovrim' means 'and those who speak', 'ra' means 'evil', 'al nafshi' means 'against my soul'.
[PSA.109.21] And you Yahveh my Lord, do for me for the sake of your name, because your lovingkindness is good, save me. [§]
ve'atta Yahveh adonai ase-iti lemaan shemekha ki tov chasdeka hatsileni.
've'atta' means 'and you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'adonai' means 'my Lord', 'ase-iti' means 'do for me' (literally 'make for me'), 'lemaan' means 'for the sake of', 'shemekha' means 'your name', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'tov' means 'good', 'chasdeka' means 'your lovingkindness' (from the root chesed), 'hatsileni' means 'save me' or 'rescue me'.
[PSA.109.22] Because I am poor and destitute, and my heart is empty within me. [§]
kee ah-nee veh ev-yon ah-noh-kee veh lee-bee khah-lal beh-keer-bee.
'kee' means 'because', 'ah-nee' means 'poor', 'veh' means 'and', 'ev-yon' means 'destitute' or 'needy', 'ah-noh-kee' is the archaic first person pronoun 'I', 'lee-bee' means 'my heart', 'khah-lal' means 'is empty' or 'is broken', 'beh-keer-bee' means 'in my innermost being' or 'within me'.
[PSA.109.23] Like the shade of its branches I have walked, I was raised like a lion. [§]
ke tzel kinnotoh nehe lakhti nin'arti ka'arbeh.
'ke' means 'like', 'tzel' means 'shade', 'kinnotoh' means 'its branches', 'nehe lakhti' means 'I have walked', 'nin'arti' means 'I was raised' or 'I was young', 'ka'arbeh' means 'like a lion'.
[PSA.109.24] My knees have become weak from fasting, and my flesh has become thin from oil. [§]
Birchay kashelu mitzom uvasari kahash mishamen.
'Birchay' means 'my knees', 'kashelu' means 'have become weak', 'mitzom' means 'from fasting', 'uvasari' means 'and my flesh', 'kahash' means 'has become thin', 'mishamen' means 'from oil'.
[PSA.109.25] And I was a disgrace to them; they will see me, they will turn their heads. [§]
va ani hayiti cherpah lahem yiruni yeniyun roshem.
'va' means 'and', 'ani' means 'I', 'hayiti' means 'was' (first person singular), 'cherpah' means 'a disgrace' or 'reproach', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'yiruni' means 'they will see me' (future 3pl with first person object), 'yeniyun' means 'they will move/turn' (future 3pl of the verb 'to move'), 'roshem' means 'their heads'.
[PSA.109.26] Help me, Yahveh my God, save me according to your kindness. [§]
Azreni Yahveh Elohai Hoshieni Kechasdeka.
'Azreni' means 'help me', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'Hoshieni' means 'save me', 'Kechasdeka' means 'according to your kindness'.
[PSA.109.27] And let them know that your hand has made this, you Yahveh. [§]
ve yedeu ki yadcha zot atah Yahveh asitah.
've' means 'and/let', 'yedeu' means 'they shall know', 'ki' means 'that', 'yadcha' means 'your hand', 'zot' means 'this (feminine)', 'atah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asitah' means 'you made it'.
[PSA.109.28] Let them curse, but you will bless; they rose and were ashamed, and your servant will rejoice. [§]
Yekallelū hemmah ve'atah tevarekh kamū vayyeboshū ve'avdekh yismaḥ.
'Yekallelū' means 'they will curse', 'hemmah' means 'they', 've'atah' means 'but you', 'tevarekh' means 'will bless', 'kamū' means 'they rose', 'vayyeboshū' means 'and they were ashamed', 've'avdekh' means 'and your servant', 'yismaḥ' means 'will rejoice'.
[PSA.109.29] They will clothe themselves with contempt as a garment, and they will wrap it around them like a mantle. [§]
Yilbeshu sotnai k'limah ve'ya'atu kam'eil bashtam.
'Yilbeshu' means 'they will put on' (future third person plural of the verb 'to clothe'), 'sotnai' means 'contempt' or 'scorn', 'k'limah' means 'as a garment', 've'ya'atu' means 'and they will bind/wrap', 'kam'eil' means 'like a mantle' (a type of cloak), 'bashtam' means 'around them' or 'upon them'.
[PSA.109.30] I will thank Yahveh greatly with my mouth, and among many I will praise Him. [§]
Odeh Yahveh me'od befi u'vetoch rabbim ahalenu.
'Odeh' means 'I will thank', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'me'od' means 'greatly', 'befi' means 'with my mouth', 'u'vetoch' means 'and among', 'rabbim' means 'many', 'ahalenu' means 'I will praise Him'.
[PSA.109.31] For he will stand at the right of the strong to save the judges of his soul. [§]
ki yaamod lemin ebyon lehoshia mishofthei nafsho.
'ki' means 'for', 'yaamod' means 'he will stand', 'lemin' means 'to the right (of)', 'ebyon' means 'the strong' or 'the mighty', 'lehoshia' means 'to save' or 'to rescue', 'mishofthei' means 'judges of', 'nafsho' means 'his soul'.
PSA.110
[PSA.110.1] To David, a psalm, a saying of Yahveh: to my Lord, sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool beneath your feet. [§]
leDavid mizmor ne'um Yahveh laAdoni shev li-mini ad ashít oyveicha hadom le-raglecha.
"leDavid" means "to David", "mizmor" means "psalm", "ne'um" means "saying", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of the Tetragrammaton YHVH, "laAdoni" means "to my Lord" (Adonai = my Lord), "shev" means "sit", "li-mini" means "at my right hand", "ad" means "until", "ashít" means "I cause/put", "oyveicha" means "your enemies", "hadom" means "a footstool", "le-raglecha" means "under your feet".
[PSA.110.2] Yahveh will send your staff of might from Zion, go forth in the midst of your enemies. [§]
Matteh-uzzecha yishlach Yahveh miTziyon redeh be'kerev oyevecha.
'Matteh' means 'staff' or 'rod', 'uzzecha' means 'your might' (your power). Together 'Matteh-uzzecha' = 'your staff of might'. 'Yishlach' means 'will send'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'MiTziyon' means 'from Zion'. 'Redeh' means 'go forth' or 'move'. 'Be'kerev' means 'in the midst of' or 'among'. 'Oyevecha' means 'your enemies'.
[PSA.110.3] Your people, offerings on the day of your strength in the holy courts, from the womb of early morning, to you dew of your offspring. [§]
ammekha nedavot be yome cheilekha be hadrei qodesh merachem mishchar lekha tal yildutekha.
'ammekha' means 'your people', 'nedavot' means 'offerings', 'be yome' means 'on the day of', 'cheilekha' means 'your strength', 'be hadrei' means 'in the courts of', 'qodesh' means 'the holy', 'merachem' means 'from the womb', 'mishchar' means 'of early morning', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'tal' means 'dew', 'yildutekha' means 'your offspring' or 'your children'.
[PSA.110.4] Yahveh swore and will not relent you priest forever upon my word my righteous king. [§]
nishba Yahveh ve lo yinachem atah-kohen leolam al-dibrati malchi-tzedek.
'nishba' means 'swore', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God (YHVH), 've lo' means 'and not', 'yinachem' means 'will relent' (future negative), 'atah' means 'you', 'kohen' means 'priest', combined as 'atah-kohen' meaning 'you priest', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'al' means 'upon', 'dibrati' means 'my word', combined as 'al-dibrati' meaning 'upon my word', 'malchi' means 'my king', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness' or 'righteous', combined as 'malchi-tzedek' meaning 'my righteous king'.
[PSA.110.5] My Lord, upon your right hand, will crush the kings on the day of his wrath. [§]
Adonai al-yemincha machatz be-yom-apo melachim.
'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'al' means 'upon', 'yemincha' means 'your right hand', 'machatz' means 'will crush' or 'crushes', 'be-yom' means 'in the day', 'apo' means 'of his anger' or 'of his wrath', 'melachim' means 'kings'.
[PSA.110.6] He will judge in the nations, full of valleys, crushing the head upon a great land. [§]
Yadin baggoiyim maleh gewiyyot machatz rosh al erets rabbah.
'Yadin' means 'he will judge', 'baggoiyim' means 'in the nations', 'maleh' means 'full', 'gewiyyot' means 'valleys', 'machatz' means 'crushes' or 'stomps', 'rosh' means 'head', 'al' means 'upon', 'erets' means 'land', 'rabbah' means 'great' or 'large'.
[PSA.110.7] From a stream along the way he will drink, therefore he lifts his head. [§]
Minnachal baderekh yiste alken yarim rosh.
'Minnachal' means 'from a stream', 'baderekh' means 'on the road' or 'along the way', 'yiste' means 'he will drink', 'alken' means 'therefore' or 'because of that', 'yarim' means 'he lifts' or 'he raises', 'rosh' means 'head'.
PSA.111
[PSA.111.1] Praise Yah! I will thank Yahveh with all my heart, in secret with the upright and the congregation. [§]
Hal'lu Yah! Odeh Yahveh bechol levav be sod yesharim ve edah.
'Hal'lu' means 'Praise' (imperative plural). 'Yah' is the short form of the divine name, rendered here as 'Yah'. 'Odeh' means 'I will give thanks' or 'I will thank'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'Bechol' means 'in all' or 'with all'. 'Levav' means 'heart'. 'Be' is the preposition 'in' or 'with', and 'sod' means 'secret' or 'in secret'. 'Yesharim' means 'the upright' (plural). 'Ve' is the conjunction 'and'. 'Edah' means 'the congregation' or 'the assembly'.
[PSA.111.2] Great are the works of Yahveh, desired by all who have desires. [§]
G'dolim maasei Yahveh derushim lechol chepzteihem.
'G'dolim' means 'great', 'maasei' means 'works', 'Yahveh' is the literal name for YHVH, 'derushim' means 'are sought after' or 'desired', 'lechol' means 'for all', and 'chepzteihem' means 'their desires'.
[PSA.111.3] Glory and splendor are God's work, and God's righteousness stands forever. [§]
Hod ve-hadar pa'alo ve-tsidkato omedet la'ad.
'Hod' means 'glory', 've-hadar' means 'and splendor', 'pa'alo' means 'His work' (the work of the one spoken of), 've-tsidkato' means 'and His righteousness' (justice of the one spoken of), 'omedet' means 'stands', 'la'ad' means 'forever'. The pronoun 'His' is understood to refer to God.
[PSA.111.4] Remembrance he made of his wonders, gracious and merciful Yahveh. [§]
Zecher asah le-niflaotav chanun ve-rachum Yahveh.
'Zecher' means 'remembrance' or 'memory', 'asah' means 'made' or 'did', 'le-niflaotav' means 'of his wonders' (niflaot = wonders, av = his), 'chanun' means 'gracious', 've-rachum' means 'and merciful', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.111.5] He gave offspring to those who fear him; he will remember his covenant forever. [§]
Teref natan li-ireav yizkor leolam berito.
'Teref' means 'young animal' or 'offspring', 'natan' means 'gave', 'li-ireav' means 'to those who fear him', 'yizkor' means 'will remember', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'berito' means 'his covenant'.
[PSA.111.6] The strength of his works declared to his people that he would give them an inheritance among the nations. [§]
Koach ma'asav higid le'amo latet lahem nachalat goyim.
'Koach' means 'strength', 'ma'asav' means 'of his works', 'higid' means 'he announced' or 'he declared', 'le'amo' means 'to his people', 'latet' means 'to give', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'goyim' means 'nations'.
[PSA.111.7] The works of his hands are truth and judgment; all his decrees are faithful. [§]
Ma'asei yadav emet u-mishpat ne'emanim kol-pikkudav.
'Ma'asei' means 'works of', 'yadav' means 'his hands', 'emet' means 'truth', 'u-mishpat' means 'and judgment', 'ne'emanim' means 'faithful', 'kol-pikkudav' means 'all his commandments' or 'all his decrees'.
[PSA.111.8] Established forever, for eternity, made in truth and uprightness. [§]
Semucheem la'ad le'olam, asuyim be'emet ve'yashar.
'Semucheem' means 'established', 'la'ad' means 'forever', 'le'olam' means 'for eternity', 'asuyim' means 'made', 'be'emet' means 'in truth', 've'yashar' means 'and upright'.
[PSA.111.9] Redeemer sent to his people, commanded forever his covenant; his name is holy and awesome. [§]
Pedut shalach leamo tzivah leolam berito kadosh venora shmo.
'Pedut' means 'redeemer', 'shalach' means 'sent', 'leamo' means 'to his people', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'berito' means 'his covenant', 'kadosh' means 'holy', 'venora' means 'and awesome', 'shmo' means 'his name'.
[PSA.111.10] The beginning of wisdom is the fear of Yahveh; good insight belongs to all who practice it; his praise stands forever. [§]
Reshit chokhma yirat Yahveh sekhel tov lechol oseihem tehilato omedet laad.
'Reshit' means 'beginning', 'chokhma' means 'wisdom', 'yirat' means 'fear (of)', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'sekhel' means 'understanding' or 'good insight', 'tov' means 'good', 'lechol' means 'to all' or 'for all', 'oseihem' means 'those who do them' (i.e., those who practice), 'tehilato' means 'his praise', 'omedet' means 'stands' or 'is established', 'laad' means 'forever'.
PSA.112
[PSA.112.1] Praise Yahveh! Blessed is the man who fears Yahveh; he greatly delights in his commandments. [§]
Hallelū Yah! Ashrei ish yarei et Yahveh b'mitzvotav chafetz meod.
'Hallelū' means 'praise', 'Yah' is a shortened form of the divine name YHVH which we render as 'Yahveh', 'Ashrei' means 'blessed', 'ish' means 'man', 'yarei' means 'who fears', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'b''mitzvotav' means 'in his commandments', 'chafetz' means 'delights', 'meod' means 'greatly' or 'very'.
[PSA.112.2] A mighty one in the earth will be his seed; a generation of the upright will be blessed. [§]
Gibor ba'aretz yihyeh zaro dor yasharim yevorach.
'Gibor' means 'mighty' or 'hero', 'ba'aretz' means 'in the earth', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'zaro' means 'his seed' or 'his offspring', 'dor' means 'generation', 'yasharim' means 'the upright' or 'the righteous ones', 'yevorach' means 'will bless' or 'will be blessed'.
[PSA.112.3] Wealth and riches are in his house, and his righteousness stands forever. [§]
hon veosher bebeito vtzidkato omedet laad.
'hon' means 'wealth', 'veosher' means 'and riches', 'bebeito' means 'in his house', 'vtzidkato' means 'and his righteousness', 'omedet' means 'stands', 'laad' means 'forever'.
[PSA.112.4] He shines in darkness a light for the upright, compassionate and merciful and righteous. [§]
Zarach ba choshech or layesharim channun ve'rachum ve'tzadik.
'Zarach' means 'shines' or 'rises', 'ba' means 'in', 'choshech' means 'darkness', 'or' means 'light', 'layesharim' means 'for the upright', 'channun' means 'compassionate', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'rachum' means 'merciful', 've' again 'and', 'tzadik' means 'righteous'.
[PSA.112.5] A good man is generous and lends, and he judges his words with justice. [§]
tov ish chonen u-malveh yekalkel dvarav be-mishpat.
'tov' means 'good', 'ish' means 'man', 'chonen' means 'generous', 'u-malveh' means 'and lends', 'yekalkel' means 'he judges or settles', 'dvarav' means 'his words', 'be-mishpat' means 'with justice'.
[PSA.112.6] Because forever it shall not be shaken, as an everlasting memorial the righteous will be. [§]
Ki le'olam lo yimmot lezekher olam yihye tzadik.
'Ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'lo' means 'not', 'yimmot' means 'shall be shaken', 'lezekher' means 'as a memorial', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'yihye' means 'will be', 'tzadik' means 'the righteous'.
[PSA.112.7] He does not fear a bad report; his heart is steadfast, trusting in Yahveh. [§]
Mishshmuah raah lo yira nachon libo batuach baYahveh.
'Mishshmuah' means 'a report' or 'news', 'raah' means 'bad' or 'evil', together they convey 'bad report'. 'Lo' means 'not'. 'Yira' means 'to fear'. 'Nachon' means 'firm' or 'steadfast'. 'Libo' means 'his heart'. 'Batuach' means 'confident' or 'trusting'. 'BaYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', with 'Yahveh' being the literal translation of YHVH.
[PSA.112.8] He steadies his heart and will not fear until he sees his distress. [§]
Samukh libbo lo yira ad asher yireh vetsarav.
'Samukh' means 'firm' or 'steady', 'libbo' means 'his heart', 'lo yira' means 'will not fear', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher' means 'that/when', 'yireh' means 'he sees', 'vetsarav' means 'in his troubles' or 'in his distress'.
[PSA.112.9] He scattered, gave to the poor; his righteousness stands forever; his horn will be lifted up with honor. [§]
pizzar natan la'evyonim tzidkato omedet la'ad karno tarum bechavod.
'pizzar' means 'scattered' or 'sprinkled', 'natan' means 'gave', 'la'evyonim' means 'to the poor', 'tzidkato' means 'his righteousness', 'omedet' means 'stands' or 'endures', 'la'ad' means 'forever', 'karno' means 'his horn', 'tarum' means 'will be lifted up' or 'exalted', 'bechavod' means 'with honor' or 'in glory'.
[PSA.112.10] The wicked one will see, and his teeth will gnash, and he will be humbled; the desire of the wicked will be destroyed. [§]
Rasha yireh vecha'as shinav yachrok venamas taavah rashaim toved.
'Rasha' means 'wicked one', 'yireh' means 'will see', 'vecha'as' means 'and his teeth', 'shinav' means 'his teeth', 'yachrok' means 'will gnash', 'venamas' means 'and (he) will be humbled', 'taavah' means 'desire', 'rashaim' means 'of the wicked', 'toved' means 'will be destroyed'.
PSA.113
[PSA.113.1] Praise Yah! Praise, servants of Yahveh, praise the name of Yahveh. [§]
Halleloo Yah Halleloo avdei Yahweh Halleloo et-shem Yahweh.
'Halleloo' is the imperative form of the verb meaning 'praise'. 'Yah' is a shortened form of the divine name YHWH, rendered in full as Yahveh. 'avdei' means 'servants of'. 'Yahweh' (YHWH) is translated as 'Yahveh' per the given mapping. 'et' is a direct‑object marker that has no English equivalent. 'shem' means 'name'. The phrase repeats the command to praise.
[PSA.113.2] May the name of Yahveh be blessed from now and forever. [§]
Yehi shem Yahveh mevorach me'ata ve'ad olam.
'Yehi' means 'let it be' or 'may it be', 'shem' means 'name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mevorach' means 'blessed', 'me'ata' means 'from now', 've'ad olam' means 'and forever'.
[PSA.113.3] From the east of the sun to its setting, the name of Yahveh is praised. [§]
Mimmizrach-shemesh ad-mevo'o mehullal shem Yahveh.
'Mimmizrach' means 'from the east', 'shemesh' means 'sun', 'ad' means 'to' or 'until', 'mevo'o' means 'its going down' (its setting), 'mehullal' means 'praised' (a participle), 'shem' means 'name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the tetragrammaton YHVH.
[PSA.113.4] Exalted over all nations is Yahveh, and his glory is over the heavens. [§]
Ram al kol goyim Yahveh al ha shamayim kvódo.
'Ram' means 'exalted' or 'high', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'kol' means 'all', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', and 'kvódo' (k'vodo) means 'his glory'.
[PSA.113.5] Who, as Yahveh our God, the Exalter, to sit? [§]
Mi kaYahveh Eloheinu ha-maggivi lashavet.
'Mi' means 'who', 'ka' means 'as' or 'like', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Eloheinu' means 'our God' (literally 'the Gods of us'), 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'maggivi' is a participle meaning 'one who raises' or 'exalter', and 'lashavet' is the infinitive 'to sit'.
[PSA.113.6] The one who brings low to see in the heavens and on the earth. [§]
ha mashpili lirot ba-shamaim uba-aretz.
'ha' is the Hebrew definite article meaning 'the'. 'mashpili' is a noun derived from the verb mashpil meaning 'one who brings low' or 'humble-maker'. 'lirot' is the infinitive construct of the verb 'to see', meaning 'to see'. 'ba-shamaim' combines the preposition 'ba' (in the) with 'shamaim' (heavens), thus 'in the heavens'. 'u' is the conjunction 'and'. 'ba-aretz' combines 'ba' (in/on the) with 'aretz' (earth), thus 'on the earth'.
[PSA.113.7] Uplift from the dust the poor, raise from the ash the needy. [§]
Mekimi meafar dal, meashpot yarim evyon.
'Mekimi' means 'Uplift' (imperative), 'meafar' means 'from dust', 'dal' means 'poor', 'meashpot' means 'from ash', 'yarim' means 'raise' (imperative), 'evyon' means 'the needy'.
[PSA.113.8] Let me sit with the nobles, with the nobles of his people. [§]
Lehoshivi im nedivim im nedivei ammo.
'Lehoshivi' means 'let me seat' or 'to cause to sit', 'im' means 'with', 'nedivim' means 'nobles' or 'the noble ones', the second 'im' again means 'with', 'nedivei' is the construct form meaning 'nobles of', and 'ammo' means 'his people' or 'his nation'.
[PSA.113.9] My restorer, desolate the house, mother of the sons, rejoice, praise Yahveh. [§]
Moshivi Akeret habayit em-habanim smecha hallelu-yah.
'Moshivi' means 'my restorer', 'Akeret' means 'barren' or 'desolate', 'habayit' means 'the house', 'em-habanim' means 'mother of the sons', 'smecha' means 'rejoice' (imperative), 'hallelu-yah' means 'praise Yahveh' (praise the LORD).
PSA.114
[PSA.114.1] When Israel went out from Egypt, the house of Jacob from the strong people. [§]
B'tse'ot Yisrael mi-Mitzrayim beit Ya'akov me'am lo'ez.
'B'tse'ot' means 'at the going out' or 'when (the) exiting', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mi-Mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'beit' means 'house', 'Ya'akov' means 'Jacob', 'me'' means 'from', 'am' means 'people', and 'lo'ez' is a rare form meaning 'the strong' or 'the mighty'. The verse therefore recounts the departure of Israel from Egypt and the movement of Jacob's descendants away from a powerful people.
[PSA.114.2] Judah was for his holiness, Israel his dominions. [§]
Hayetah Yehudah lekadosho Yisrael mamshlotav.
'Hayetah' means 'was' (feminine past of to be). 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', a proper name. 'lekadosho' is a construct of 'le' (to/for) + 'kadosh' (holy) + 'o' (his), meaning 'for his holiness' or 'to his holy one'. 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', another proper name. 'mamshlotav' is from 'mamshalah' (dominion, rule) with the suffix 'av' (his), meaning 'his dominions' or 'his realms'.
[PSA.114.3] The sea saw and fled, the Jordan will turn back. [§]
Hayyam raah vayanos hayarden yisob leachor.
'Hayyam' means 'the sea', 'raah' means 'saw', 'vayanos' means 'and fled', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'yisob' means 'will turn', 'leachor' means 'to the rear' or 'backward'.
[PSA.114.4] The mountains danced like goats; the hills like flocks of sheep. [§]
heharim rakdu keelim gevot kibnei-tson.
'heharim' means 'the mountains', 'rakdu' means 'danced', 'keelim' means 'like goats', 'gevot' means 'the hills', 'kibnei-tson' means 'like flocks of sheep'.
[PSA.114.5] What to you, O sea, that you rush? The Jordan turns backward. [§]
Mah lecha hayyam ki tanus hayarden tissov leachor.
'Mah' means 'what', 'lecha' means 'to you' (masculine singular), 'hayyam' means 'the sea', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'tanus' is the verb 'you rush' or 'you surge', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'tissov' means 'turns back' or 'reverses', 'leachor' means 'to the rear' or 'backward'.
[PSA.114.6] The mountains will dance like oxen, the hills like the lambs of the flock. [§]
heharim tirkedu keelim gevaot kivnei-tzon.
'heharim' means 'the mountains', 'tirkedu' means 'will dance', 'keelim' means 'like oxen', 'gevaot' means 'the hills', 'kivnei-tzon' means 'like the children of the flock' (i.e., lambs).
[PSA.114.7] Before the Lord I am humbled, earth, before God Jacob. [§]
Milifnei Adon chuli aretz milifnei Eloh Ya'akov.
'Milifnei' means 'before' or 'from before'. 'Adon' is a divine name meaning 'Lord' (translated as 'Lord'). 'Chuli' means 'humble' or 'humbled'. 'Aretz' means 'earth' or 'land'. 'Eloh' is the singular form of the divine name meaning 'God'. 'Ya'akov' is the personal name Jacob. The verse presents two parallel statements: the speaker is humbled before the Lord, and the earth is humbled before God Jacob.
[PSA.114.8] The Overturner, the Rock, a pool of water, like a flood to its spring water. [§]
ha hofki ha tzur agam mayim chalamis le ma'yn o mayim
'ha' means 'the'; 'hofki' means 'overturner' (one who turns or overturns); 'tzur' means 'rock' (used as a title for God); 'agam' means 'pool' or 'reservoir'; 'mayim' means 'water'; 'chalamis' means 'like a flood' or 'as a torrent'; 'le' means 'to' or 'for'; 'ma'yn' means 'spring' or 'source'; the final 'mayim' again means 'water'.
PSA.115
[PSA.115.1] Not to us, Yahveh; not to us, but to your name give glory, because of your lovingkindness, because of your truth. [§]
Lo lanu Yahveh lo lanu ki le-shimkha ten kavod al chasdecha al amitecha.
'Lo' means 'not', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'le-shimkha' means 'to your name', 'ten' means 'give', 'kavod' means 'glory', 'al' means 'upon' or 'because of', 'chasdecha' means 'your lovingkindness', 'amitecha' means 'your truth'.
[PSA.115.2] Why do the nations say, 'Where, please, are their Gods?' [§]
Lamah yom'ru ha-goyim aiyyeh-na elohiehem.
'Lamah' means 'why', 'yom'ru' means 'they say', 'ha-goyim' means 'the nations', 'aiyyeh' means 'where', 'na' is an emphatic particle often rendered 'please' or a plea, and 'elohiehem' means 'their Gods' (the word 'elohim' translated as 'the Gods' with the suffix 'hem' meaning 'their').
[PSA.115.3] Our God in heaven does everything that He desires. [§]
ve Eloheinu ba shamayim kol asher chafetz asah.
've' means 'and', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God' (El = God, with a first‑person plural suffix), 'ba' means 'in', 'shamayim' means 'heaven', 'kol' means 'all' or 'everything', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'chafetz' means 'desires' or 'wants', 'asah' means 'does' or 'makes'.
[PSA.115.4] Their idols are silver and gold, the work of human hands. [§]
Atzavehem kesef ve zahav maaseh ydei adam.
'Atzavehem' means 'their idols', 'kesef' means 'silver', 've' means 'and', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'maaseh' means 'work' or 'craft', 'ydei' means 'of the hand of', 'adam' means 'a man' or 'human'.
[PSA.115.5] Their mouth shall not speak; their eyes shall not see. [§]
Peh-lahem ve-lo yedaberu einayim lahem ve-lo yiru.
'Peh' means 'mouth', 'lahem' is the suffix meaning 'their', so 'peh-lahem' = 'their mouth'. 'Ve-lo' means 'and not' or 'but not'. 'Yedaberu' is a verb meaning 'they will speak'. 'Einayim' means 'eyes'. 'Lahem' again means 'to them' or 'their'. The second 've-lo' repeats 'and not'. 'Yiru' is a verb meaning 'they will see'.
[PSA.115.6] Ears to them, and they will not hear; also to them, and they will not become deaf. [§]
Ozneihem ve'lo yishma'u af lahem ve'lo yerichun.
'Ozneihem' means 'ears (to them)', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yishma'u' means 'they will hear', 'af' means 'also' or 'even', 'lahem' means 'to them', the second 've'lo' again means 'and not', and 'yerichun' is a verb from the root r‑y‑ch meaning 'to become deaf' or 'to be mute', here rendered 'they will not become deaf'.
[PSA.115.7] Their hands, and they will not restrain their feet, and they will not walk; they will not be ashamed in their old age. [§]
Yedeihem ve lo yemishun ragleihem ve lo yehaleku lo-yehgu big'ronam.
'Yedeihem' means 'their hands', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yemishun' means 'they will restrain' (negative here: 'they will not restrain'), 'ragleihem' means 'their feet', 'yehaleku' means 'they will walk', 'lo-yehgu' means 'they will not be ashamed', 'big'ronam' means 'in their old age' or 'when they are old'.
[PSA.115.8] Like them they will be their makers, all who trust in them. [§]
ke-moh-hem yi-he-yu o-sei-hem kol asher bo-te-ach ba-hem.
'ke-moh-hem' means 'like them', 'yi-he-yu' means 'they will be', 'o-sei-hem' means 'their makers' or 'those who do them', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'bo-te-ach' means 'trusts' (from the root betach), 'ba-hem' means 'in them'.
[PSA.115.9] Israel trust in Yahveh, He is his help and his shield. [§]
Yisrael betach baYahveh ezram u-magnam hu.
'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'betach' means 'trust', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'ezram' means 'his help', 'u-magnam' means 'and his shield', 'hu' means 'he (is)'.
[PSA.115.10] Aaron's house, trust in Yahveh; He is your help and your shield. [§]
Beit Aharon bittchu baYahveh ezram u-magnam hu.
'Beit' means 'house', 'Aharon' is the proper name Aaron, 'bittchu' is the imperative verb 'trust' addressed to a group, 'ba' is the preposition 'in', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ezram' means 'your help', 'u' means 'and', 'magnam' means 'your shield', 'hu' means 'he/it' and refers back to Yahveh.
[PSA.115.11] Those who fear Yahveh, trust in Yahveh; He is their help and their shield. [§]
Yirei Yahveh bitachu baYahveh ezram u'magnam hu.
'Yirei' means 'those who fear', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bitachu' means 'trust' (imperative plural), 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'ezram' means 'their help', 'u'magnam' means 'and their shield', 'hu' means 'he/it (is)'.
[PSA.115.12] Yahveh, remember us; bless the house of Israel; bless the house of Aaron. [§]
Yahveh zekharnu yevarekh yevarekh et beit Yisrael yevarekh et beit Aaron.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the divine name. 'zekharnu' comes from the root meaning 'remember' with the suffix '-nu' meaning 'us', so it means 'remember us'. 'yevarekh' is a verb form of the root 'bless' meaning 'bless' (imperative or jussive). It appears three times, each indicating a call to bless. 'et' is a Hebrew direct‑object marker and is not rendered in English. 'beit' means 'house of'. 'Yisrael' is the proper name Israel. 'Aaron' is the proper name Aaron. The structure is a series of petitions to Yahveh.
[PSA.115.13] Bless the ones who fear Yahveh, the small with the great. [§]
Yevarekh yirei Yahveh haqtannim im-hag'dolim.
'Yevarekh' means 'bless', 'yirei' means 'those who fear', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'haqtannim' means 'the small' or 'the lowly', 'im' means 'with' and 'hag'dolim' means 'the great' or 'the mighty'.
[PSA.115.14] Yahveh will add upon you, upon you, and upon your children. [§]
Yosef Yahveh alaykhem alaykhem ve'al bneikhem.
'Yosef' means 'will add' or 'will increase', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'alaykhem' means 'upon you' (plural), repeated for emphasis, 've'al' means 'and upon', 'bneikhem' means 'your children'.
[PSA.115.15] Blessed are you, O Yahveh, who makes heaven and earth. [§]
Beruchim atem laYahveh oseh shamayim vaaretz.
'Beruchim' means 'Blessed', 'atem' means 'you' (plural), 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God), 'oseh' means 'who makes' or 'who does', 'shamayim' means 'heaven(s)', and 'vaaretz' means 'and earth'.
[PSA.115.16] The heavens are Yahveh's and the earth He gave to the sons of man. [§]
hashamayim shamayim laYahveh vehaaretz natan livnei adam.
'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'shamayim' repeats 'heavens', 'laYahveh' means 'of Yahveh' (Yahveh's), 'vehaaretz' means 'and the earth', 'natan' means 'gave', 'livnei' means 'to the sons', 'adam' means 'of man'.
[PSA.115.17] The dead will not praise Yahveh, nor all those who go down into silence. [§]
Lo ha-mettim yehallu-yah ve-lo chol yordei duma.
'Lo' means 'not', 'ha-mettim' means 'the dead', 'yehallu' means 'they will praise', 'yah' is a short form of YHVH and is translated as 'Yahveh', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'chol' means 'all', 'yordei' means 'those who go down' or 'descenders', 'duma' means 'silence' or 'muteness'.
[PSA.115.18] And we will bless Yah from now and forever, praise Yah. [§]
Va'anachnu nebarech Yah meatah ve'ad-olam hallelu-yah.
'Va'anachnu' means 'and we', 'nebarech' means 'will bless', 'Yah' is the short form of the divine Name, 'meatah' means 'from now', 've'ad-olam' means 'and forever', 'hallelu-yah' means 'praise Yah'.
PSA.116
[PSA.116.1] I love, because Yahveh hears my voice, my prayer. [§]
Ahavti ki yishma Yahveh et koli tachanunai.
'Ahavti' means 'I love', 'ki' means 'because', 'yishma' means 'he will hear', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is a direct‑object marker and is not rendered in English, 'koli' means 'my voice', 'tachanunai' means 'my prayer' or 'my supplication'.
[PSA.116.2] For he has inclined his ear to me, and in my days I will call. [§]
ki hita ozno li uveyamai ekra.
'ki' means 'for', 'hita' means 'has inclined' or 'turned', 'ozno' means 'his ear', 'li' means 'to me', 'uveyamai' means 'in my days', 'ekra' means 'I will call' or 'I will cry out'.
[PSA.116.3] They have bound me with the cords of death and the pits of Sheol have caught me; I am in distress and sorrow I shall find. [§]
Aphafuni chevlei-mavet u-metzarei sheol metzavuni tzara ve-yagon emtza.
"Aphafuni" means "they have bound me"; "chevlei-mavet" means "the cords of death"; "u-metzarei" means "and the pits of"; "sheol" means "the realm of the dead"; "metzavuni" means "have caught me"; "tzara" means "distress"; "ve-yagon" means "and sorrow"; "emtza" means "I will find".
[PSA.116.4] In the name of Yahveh I will call, O Yahveh, save my soul. [§]
Uveshem Yahveh ekra anah Yahveh maltah nafshi.
'Uveshem' means 'in the name (of)', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ekra' means 'I will call' or 'I cry out', 'anah' is an emphatic address meaning 'O', the second 'Yahveh' again refers to the divine name, 'maltah' means 'save' or 'deliver', and 'nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[PSA.116.5] Gracious Yahveh and righteous and our God has compassion. [§]
Channun Yahveh ve-tsaddik ve-Eloheinu merachem.
'Channun' means 'gracious' or 'compassionate', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 've-tsaddik' means 'and righteous', 've-Eloheinu' means 'and our God' (the word Elohim is rendered as 'the Gods', but in the phrase Eloheinu it functions as the singular 'our God'), 'merachem' means 'has compassion' or 'shows mercy'.
[PSA.116.6] Yahveh, the watcher of the meek, my lowliness, and He will save me. [§]
Shomer petayim Yahveh daloti ve li yehoshia.
'Shomer' means 'watcher' or 'preserver', 'petayim' refers to 'the meek or the poor', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'daloti' means 'my poverty' or 'my lowliness', 've' means 'and', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', and 'yehoshia' is a future verb meaning 'he will save'.
[PSA.116.7] Return my soul to my rest, for Yahveh has shown favor upon me. [§]
Shuvi nafshi limnuachayich ki Yahveh gamal alayich.
'Shuvi' means 'return' or 'turn back', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'limnuachayich' means 'to my rest' (the place of repose), 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'gamal' means 'has shown favor' or 'has been gracious', 'alayich' means 'upon me' (literally 'on me').
[PSA.116.8] Because you have delivered my soul from death, my eyes from tears, my feet from the pit. [§]
Ki hilatzta nafshi mimavet et-eini min-dimah et-ragli middechi.
'Ki' means 'because', 'hilatzta' means 'you have delivered' (addressed to God), 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'mimavet' means 'from death', 'et-eini' means 'my eyes', 'min-dimah' means 'from tears', 'et-ragli' means 'my feet', 'middechi' means 'from the pit'. The verb 'hilatzta' is second‑person masculine singular, referring to the divine deliverer, identified as Yahveh in this translation tradition.
[PSA.116.9] I will walk before Yahveh in the lands of the living. [§]
et-halech lifnei Yahveh be-artsot ha-chayim.
'et-halech' means 'I will walk', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'be-artsot' means 'in the lands', 'ha-chayim' means 'the living'.
[PSA.116.10] I have believed because I will speak; I answered very much. [§]
He'emanti ki adaber ani aniti meod.
'He'emanti' means 'I have believed', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'adaber' means 'I will speak' (future first‑person), 'ani' means 'I', 'aniti' means 'I answered' or 'I responded', 'meod' means 'exceedingly' or 'very'.
[PSA.116.11] I said in my haste, every man lies. [§]
Ani amarti bechafzi kol ha'adam kozev.
'Ani' means 'I', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'bechafzi' means 'in my haste', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'ha'adam' means 'man' or 'person', 'kozev' means 'lies' or 'is a liar'.
[PSA.116.12] What shall I answer to Yahveh? All his recompense is upon me. [§]
mah-ashiv laYahveh kol tagmulohihi alai.
'mah' means 'what', 'ashiv' means 'shall I answer' or 'shall I bring back', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'tagmulohihi' means 'his recompense' (the noun tagmul with the possessive suffix -hi for 'his'), and 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'on me'.
[PSA.116.13] I will lift the cup of salvations, and in the name of Yahveh I will call. [§]
Kos-yeshuot essa u-beshem Yahveh ekra.
'Kos' means 'cup', 'yeshuot' means 'salvations' (plural of salvation), 'essa' means 'I will lift' or 'raise', 'u-beshem' means 'and in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'ekra' means 'I will call' or 'proclaim'.
[PSA.116.14] I will fulfill my vow to Yahveh before all his people. [§]
Nedarai laYahveh ashallam negda-na lekol-ammo.
'Nedarai' means 'my vow', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'ashallam' means 'I will fulfill' or 'I will pay', 'negda-na' means 'before us' (negda = before, -na = us), 'lekol-ammo' means 'to all his people' (le = to, kol = all, am = people, -mo = his).
[PSA.116.15] Precious in the eyes of Yahveh is the death of his saints. [§]
Yaqar be'inei Yahveh ha-mavetah lechasav.
'Yaqar' means 'precious' or 'dear', 'be'inei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ha-mavetah' means 'the death' (the noun death with the definite article), 'lechasav' means 'to his saints' (literally 'of his faithful ones').
[PSA.116.16] I, Yahveh, because I am your servant, I, your servant, son of your truth, you opened to my instruction. [§]
Anah Yahveh ki-ani avdeka ani-avdeka ben-amatheka pittachta lemoserai.
'Anah' means 'I'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH; 'ki-ani' means 'because I'; 'avdeka' means 'your servant'; 'ani-avdeka' repeats 'I, your servant'; 'ben-amatheka' means 'son of your truth'; 'pittachta' means 'you opened'; 'lemoserai' means 'to my teaching' or 'for my instruction'.
[PSA.116.17] To you I will sacrifice a thanksgiving sacrifice, and in the name of Yahveh I will call. [§]
Lecha ezbah zebach todah uveshem Yahveh ekrah.
'Lecha' means 'to you', 'ezbah' means 'I will sacrifice', 'zebach' means 'sacrifice', 'todah' means 'thanksgiving', 'uveshem' means 'in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'ekrah' means 'I will call'.
[PSA.116.18] I will fulfill my vow to Yahveh before all his people. [§]
Nedarai laYahveh ashallam negda-na lekol-ammo.
'Nedarai' means 'my vow', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'ashallam' means 'I will fulfill' or 'I will pay', 'negda-na' means 'before us' (negda = before, -na = us), 'lekol-ammo' means 'to all his people' (le = to, kol = all, am = people, -mo = his).
[PSA.116.19] In the courts of the house of Yahveh, in the inner courts of Jerusalem, praise Yah. [§]
Bechatztrot beit Yahveh betochechi Yerushalem hallu-Ya.
'Bechatztrot' means 'in the courts', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'betochechi' means 'in the inner courts', 'Yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem', 'hallu' means 'praise', and 'Ya' is a short form of Yahweh used in the imperative phrase.
PSA.117
[PSA.117.1] Praise Yahveh, all nations; exult Him, all peoples. [§]
Halleloo et-Yahveh kol-goyim shavchoo-hoo kol-haummim.
'Halleloo' means 'praise' (imperative plural), 'et' is a direct‑object marker and is not rendered in English, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'kol' means 'all', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'shavchoo-hoo' means 'exalt Him' or 'praise Him' (imperative plural with a pronoun suffix), and 'haummim' means 'the peoples' (with 'kol' again meaning 'all').
[PSA.117.2] For his kindness has prevailed over us, and the truth of Yahveh endures forever; praise Yah. [§]
Ki gavar alenu chasdo ve'emet-Yahveh le'olam hallu-yah.
'Ki' means 'for', 'gavar' means 'has prevailed', 'alenu' means 'over us', 'chasdo' means 'his kindness', 've'emet' means 'and the truth', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'hallu' means 'praise', 'yah' is a shortened form of the divine name and is kept as such.
PSA.118
[PSA.118.1] Give thanks to Yahveh, for He is good, for His lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Hodu laYahveh ki tov ki leolam chasdo.
'Hodu' means 'give thanks', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the literal translation of YHVH), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'tov' means 'good', the second 'ki' repeats the causal conjunction, 'leolam' means 'forever', and 'chasdo' means 'His lovingkindness' (literally 'His kindness').
[PSA.118.2] Let Israel say, 'For forever Yahveh's lovingkindness.' [§]
Yo mar na Yisrael ki leolam chasdo.
'Yo' means 'he will', 'mar' is part of the verb 'say'; together 'yomar' means 'he will say'. 'na' is a particle meaning 'please' or 'now' used for emphasis. 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'. 'ki' means 'for' or 'because'. 'leolam' means 'forever' (literally 'to eternity'). 'chasdo' means 'his lovingkindness', the 'his' referring to the divine being Yahveh.
[PSA.118.3] Let the house of Aaron say, 'His kindness endures forever.' [§]
Yomru na beit Aharon ki leolam chasdo.
'Yomru' means 'let them say', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'please' or 'indeed', 'beit' means 'house' or 'family', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his kindness' or 'his lovingkindness'.
[PSA.118.4] Let them say, 'Fear Yahveh, for his lovingkindness endures forever.' [§]
Yo'emru-na yirei Yahveh ki le'olam chasdo.
'Yo'emru' means 'let them say', '-na' adds a pleading or emphatic tone, 'yirei' means 'those who fear' or 'the fearful ones', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'eternally', 'chasdo' means 'his lovingkindness' or 'his grace'.
[PSA.118.5] From the distress I called Yah; He answered me in the spaciousness, Yah. [§]
Min ha-me-tzar karati Yah anani ba-marchav Yah.
'Min' means 'from', 'ha-me-tzar' means 'the distress' or 'the press', 'karati' means 'I called', 'Yah' is the short form of YHVH, 'anani' means 'He answered me', 'ba-marchav' means 'in the spaciousness' or 'in the broad place', the second 'Yah' repeats the divine name.
[PSA.118.6] Yahveh is for me; I will not be afraid of what a man will do to me. [§]
Yahveh li lo ira ma-yaaseh li adam.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'. 'lo' means 'not'. 'ira' means 'I will fear' (from the root y-r-'). 'ma-yaaseh' is a compound meaning 'what will do' (ma = what, yaaseh = will do). The second 'li' again means 'to me'. 'adam' means 'man' or 'a person'. So the phrase says that the speaker trusts Yahveh for himself and will not be afraid of anything a man might do to him.
[PSA.118.7] Yahveh is for me as my help, and I will see my enemies. [§]
Yahveh li beozri vaani ereh besonei.
'Yahveh' translates the divine name YHVH; 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'; 'beozri' combines 'be-' (in/with) and 'ozri' (my help), meaning 'in my help'; 'vaani' means 'and I'; 'ereh' means 'I will see' or 'I see'; 'besonei' combines 'be-' (among) and 'sonei' (my haters or enemies), meaning 'among my enemies'.
[PSA.118.8] It is good to trust in Yahweh rather than to trust in man. [§]
Tov lechasot baYahveh mibtoach baadam.
'Tov' means 'good', 'lechasot' means 'to trust' (literally 'to rely'), 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahweh', 'mibtoach' means 'rather than trusting' (literally 'than trusting'), 'baadam' means 'in man'.
[PSA.118.9] Good to take refuge in Yahveh, trust among the generous. [§]
tov lachasot baYahveh mibto'ah bindivim.
'tov' means 'good', 'lachasot' means 'to take refuge' or 'to shelter', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'mibto'ah' means 'trust' or 'reliance', 'bindivim' means 'among the generous' or 'with the generous'.
[PSA.118.10] All nations have surrounded me in the name of Yahveh because I am humbled. [§]
Kol-goyim sevavuni be-shem Yahveh ki amilam.
'Kol-goyim' means 'all nations', 'sevavuni' means 'have surrounded me', 'be-shem' means 'in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH as instructed, 'ki' means 'because', and 'amilam' is understood here as a form of the verb meaning 'I am humbled' or 'I have been humbled'.
[PSA.118.11] Surround me, also surround me, in the name of Yahveh, for I will endure. [§]
Sabbuni gam sevabuni be'shem Yahveh ki amilam.
'Sabbuni' means 'surround me', 'gam' means 'also', 'sevabuni' means 'surround me' (repetition for emphasis), 'b'shem' means 'in the name', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'amilam' is a verb from the root 'amal' meaning 'to labor' or 'to endure', here taken as 'I will endure'.
[PSA.118.12] Surround me like swarming bees that gnaw, like fire that cuts, in the name of Yahveh, for I will endure. [§]
sabuni kidborim doachu ke'esh kotzim b'shem Yahveh ki amilam.
'sabuni' means 'surround me'; 'kidborim' means 'like bees'; 'doachu' means 'they gnaw'; 'ke'esh' means 'like fire'; 'kotzim' means 'thorns' or 'cutters'; 'b'shem' means 'in the name of'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH; 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'; 'amilam' is a verb form meaning 'I will endure' or 'I will stand firm'.
[PSA.118.13] Pressure has driven me to fall, and Yahveh helped me. [§]
Dachoh dechitani linpol vayYahveh azarani.
'Dachoh' means 'pressure' or 'crushing', 'dechitani' means 'you have driven me' (from the root d-ch-h, to press or push), 'linpol' means 'to fall', 'vayYahveh' means 'and Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered literally as Yahveh), and 'azarani' means 'helped me' (from the root ‘azar, to help).
[PSA.118.14] My strength and my song, Yah, became my salvation. [§]
azi veezimrat yah vayeh li lishuah.
'azi' means 'my strength', 'veezimrat' means 'and song', 'yah' is the short form of the divine name Yahveh, 'vayeh' means 'and it was', 'li' means 'to me', 'lishuah' means 'for salvation' or 'my salvation'.
[PSA.118.15] A voice of shout and salvation in the tents of the righteous; the right hand of Yahveh does strength. [§]
Kol rinnah vi'shua be'ahlei tzaddikim yemin Yahveh oseh chayil.
'Kol' means 'voice' or 'sound', 'rinnah' means 'shout' or 'joyful song', 'vi'shua' means 'and salvation', 'be'ahlei' means 'in the tents of', 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous', 'yemin' means 'right hand', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'oseh' means 'does' or 'makes', and 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'might'.
[PSA.118.16] The right hand of Yahveh is exalted; the right hand of Yahveh performs mighty deeds. [§]
Yemin Yahveh romemah, yemin Yahveh osa chayil.
'Yemin' means 'right hand', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'romemah' means 'exalted' or 'raised up', 'osa' means 'does' or 'makes', 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'mighty deeds'.
[PSA.118.17] I will not die, for I will live, and I will recount the works of Yah. [§]
Lo amut ki echiyeh vaasaper ma'asei Yah.
'Lo' means 'not', 'amut' means 'I will die', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'echiyeh' means 'I will live', 'va' means 'and', 'asaper' means 'I will recount' or 'I will count', 'ma'asei' means 'the works of', 'Yah' is a short form of the divine name YHVH and is rendered literally as 'Yah'.
[PSA.118.18] Yahveh will keep me safe and death will not take me. [§]
Yasor yisserani Yah ve lamavet lo netananí.
'Yasor' means 'will keep' or 'will protect', 'yisserani' means 'will bind me' or 'will hold me securely', 'Yah' is the shortened form of YHVH and is rendered as 'Yahveh', 've' means 'and', 'lamavet' means 'to death' or 'against death', 'lo' means 'not', 'netananí' means 'will give me' or 'will allow', referring here to death taking the speaker.
[PSA.118.19] Open to me the gates of righteousness; I will go into them and give thanks to Yahveh. [§]
Pithchu-li Sha'arei-tzedek Avo-bam Odeh Yah
'Pithchu' means 'open', 'li' means 'to me', forming 'open to me'. 'Sha'arei' means 'gates of', and 'tzedek' means 'righteousness', together 'gates of righteousness'. 'Avo' means 'I will go/enter', and 'bam' means 'into them', so 'I will go into them'. 'Odeh' means 'I will give thanks'. 'Yah' is a short form of the divine name YHVH, which is translated here as 'Yahveh' per the given guidelines.
[PSA.118.20] This is the gate of Yahveh; the righteous will enter in it. [§]
zeh ha sha'ar la yahveh tzadikim yavo'u bo.
'zeh' means 'this', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'sha'ar' means 'gate', 'la' combined with 'yahveh' means 'of Yahveh', 'yahveh' is the divine name, 'tzadikim' means 'the righteous', 'yavo'u' means 'they will come/enter', 'bo' means 'in it'.
[PSA.118.21] I will thank Yahveh because Yahveh answered me and Yahveh became to me salvation. [§]
Odka ki anita'ni vatehi li lishuah.
'Odka' means 'I will thank', 'ki' means 'because', 'anita'ni' means 'you answered me', 'vatehi' means 'and you became', 'li' means 'to me', 'lishuah' means 'salvation'. The pronoun 'you' refers to the Divine Name YHVH, which is rendered literally as 'Yahveh' in the translation.
[PSA.118.22] The stone that the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. [§]
Eben ma'asu habonim hayta le'rosh pinna.
'Eben' means 'stone', 'ma'asu' means 'they have rejected', 'habonim' means 'the builders', 'hayta' means 'has become', 'le'rosh' means 'for a chief/head', 'pinna' means 'cornerstone'.
[PSA.118.23] This was wonderful in our eyes by Yahveh. [§]
Me'et Yahveh hayta zot hi niflat be'eyneynu.
'Me'et' means 'by' or 'from the hand of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'hayta' means 'was', 'zot' means 'this', 'hi' means 'it' (feminine pronoun referring to 'this'), 'niflat' means 'marvelous' or 'wonderful', and 'be'eyneynu' means 'in our eyes' (literally 'in the eyes of us').
[PSA.118.24] This is the day Yahveh has made; let us rejoice and be glad in it. [§]
zeh hayom asa Yahveh nagilah ve nismicha bo.
'zeh' means 'this', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'asa' means 'made' or 'has made', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'nagilah' means 'let us rejoice', 've' means 'and', 'nismicha' means 'let us be glad', 'bo' means 'in it'.
[PSA.118.25] Please, Yahveh, save us, please, Yahveh, cause us to prosper. [§]
Ano Yahveh hoshia na, ano Yahveh hatslichah na.
'Ano' means 'please', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'hoshia' means 'save', 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please' again, 'hatslichah' means 'make us succeed' or 'grant us prosperity', the final 'na' repeats the polite request.
[PSA.118.26] Blessed is the one who comes in the name of Yahveh, we bless you from Yahveh's house. [§]
Baruch ha-ba be-shem Yahveh be-rakhnukhem mi-beit Yahveh.
'Baruch' means 'blessed', 'ha-ba' means 'the one who comes', 'be-shem' means 'in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'be-rakhnukhem' means 'we bless you (plural)', 'mi-beit' means 'from the house of', the second 'Yahveh' again refers to the divine name.
[PSA.118.27] God Yahveh and He enlightened us, bind the festival in the clouds until the horns of the altar. [§]
El Yahveh va-ya'er lanu isru-chag ba'avotim ad karnot ha-mizbeach.
'El' means 'God'; 'Yahveh' is the rendered form of YHVH; 'va-ya'er' means 'and He enlightened' or 'and He showed'; 'lanu' means 'to us'; 'isru' means 'bind' and 'chag' means 'festival', together 'bind the festival'; 'ba'avotim' means 'in the clouds'; 'ad' means 'until'; 'karnot' means 'horns'; 'ha-mizbeach' means 'the altar'.
[PSA.118.28] My God you and I will thank my the Gods I will exalt you. [§]
Eli attah ve'odekha Elohai arummekha.
'Eli' means 'my God' (El = God), 'atah' means 'you', 've' means 'and', 'odekha' means 'I will thank you', 'Elohai' means 'my the Gods' (Elohim = the Gods), 'arummekha' means 'I will exalt you'.
[PSA.118.29] Give thanks to Yahveh, for he is good; his love endures forever. [§]
Hodu l'Yahveh ki tov ki le'olam chasdo.
'Hodu' means 'give thanks', 'l'Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'tov' means 'good', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his love' or 'his kindness'.
PSA.119
[PSA.119.1] Blessed are those who are pure in the way, who walk in the law of Yahveh. [§]
Ashrei temimei-darekh ha-holkim be-torat Yahveh.
'Ashrei' means 'Blessed', 'temimei' means 'those who are blameless' or 'pure', 'darekh' means 'way' or 'path', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'holkim' means 'walk', 'be' is a preposition meaning 'in', 'torat' means 'law' or 'instruction', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHWH meaning the LORD.
[PSA.119.2] Blessed are those who keep Yahveh's testimonies; with all heart they will seek Yahveh. [§]
Ashrey Notzrey Edotav B'khol Lev Yidreshuhu.
'Ashrey' means 'Blessed', 'Notzrey' means 'keepers of', 'Edotav' means 'Yahveh's testimonies', 'B'khol' means 'with all', 'Lev' means 'heart', 'Yidreshuhu' means 'they will seek Yahveh'.
[PSA.119.3] Indeed they have not done injustice, they walked in his ways. [§]
Af lo pa'alu avlah bidrachav halchu.
'Af' means 'indeed' or 'certainly', 'lo' means 'not', 'pa'alu' means 'they have done', 'avlah' means 'injustice' or 'wickedness', 'bidrachav' means 'in his ways', 'halchu' means 'they walked'.
[PSA.119.4] You have commanded your statutes to be kept exceedingly. [§]
Attah tzivita pikudecha lishmor meod.
'Attah' means 'you' (addressing God), 'tzivita' means 'you have commanded', 'pikudecha' means 'your statutes' or 'your decrees', 'lishmor' means 'to keep' or 'to guard', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
[PSA.119.5] Perhaps my ways will be established to keep your statutes. [§]
Achlay yichonu drakhai lishmor chukeikha.
'Achlay' means 'perhaps' or 'my desire', 'yichonu' means 'they will be established' (third person masculine plural verb), 'drakhai' means 'my ways', 'lishmor' means 'to keep' (infinitive construct), 'chukeikha' means 'your statutes' (plural of chok, law or decree).
[PSA.119.6] Then I shall not be ashamed when I look at all your commandments. [§]
Az lo-evosh behabiti el kol mitzvoteicha.
'Az' means 'then', 'lo' means 'not', 'evosh' means 'I shall be ashamed', 'behabiti' means 'when I look' or 'when I behold', 'el' means 'at' or 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 'mitzvoteicha' means 'your commandments'.
[PSA.119.7] I will thank Yahveh with an upright heart as I learn Yahveh's righteous judgments. [§]
Odeka be-yosher levav be-lamdi mishpetei tzedekha.
'Odeka' means 'I will thank you', 'be-yosher' means 'with uprightness' or 'in righteousness', 'levav' means 'heart', 'be-lamdi' means 'as I learn' or 'when I learn', 'mishpetei' means 'the judgments' or 'the statutes', 'tzedekha' means 'your righteousness' (referring to Yahveh's righteousness). The pronoun 'you' in 'Odeka' is taken to refer to Yahveh, the divine name.
[PSA.119.8] I will keep your statutes; do not abandon me forever. [§]
et chukecha eshmor al taazveni ad meod.
'et' is the direct object marker, often untranslated; 'chukecha' means 'your statutes' (plural of law or decree); 'eshmor' means 'I will keep' or 'I will observe'; 'al' means 'do not'; 'taazveni' means 'abandon me'; 'ad' means 'until' or 'to'; 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly', used here idiomatically for 'forever' or 'ever'.
[PSA.119.9] By what shall a young man merit his way to keep according to Yahveh's word. [§]
Bammeh yizakeh na'ar et-orcho lishmor kidvareka.
'Bammeh' means 'by what' or 'in what way'. 'Yizakeh' is the verb 'shall merit' or 'shall gain'. 'Na'ar' means 'young man' or 'youth'. 'Et-orcho' means 'his way' or 'his path' (the direct object marker 'et' is untranslatable in English). 'Lishmor' means 'to keep' or 'to guard'. 'Kidvareka' is a construct phrase meaning 'according to your word', where 'your' refers to the divine name YHVH; following the prescribed translation, YHVH is rendered as 'Yahveh', so the phrase becomes 'according to Yahveh's word'.
[PSA.119.10] With all my heart I have sought you; do not let me stray from your commandments. [§]
Bechol libi darashteka al tashgeni mimitzvotecha.
'Bechol' means 'in all', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'darashteka' means 'I have sought you', 'al' means 'do not', 'tashgeni' means 'let me stray', 'mimitzvotecha' means 'from your commandments'.
[PSA.119.11] In my heart I have hidden your word, so that I may not sin against you. [§]
B'levi tzafanti imratecha lema'an lo echet'alach.
'B'levi' means 'in my heart', 'tzafanti' means 'I have hidden', 'imratecha' means 'your word', 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of' or 'so that', 'lo' means 'not', 'echet'alach' means 'I will sin against you'.
[PSA.119.12] Blessed are you, Yahveh; teach me your statutes. [§]
Baruch atah Yahveh lamde-nee chukecha.
'Baruch' means 'blessed', 'atah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lamde-nee' means 'teach me', 'chukecha' means 'your statutes'.
[PSA.119.13] On my tongue I have counted all the judgments of your mouth. [§]
bisfatay sifarti kol mishpetei-picha.
'bisfatay' means 'on my tongue', 'sifarti' means 'I have counted' or 'I have spoken', 'kol' means 'all', 'mishpetei' means 'judgments' (the plural construct form of 'mishpat'), 'picha' means 'your mouth' referring to the mouth of God.
[PSA.119.14] I rejoice in the way of your testimonies as in all of them. [§]
bederach edvotekha sasti ke'al kol-hon.
'bederach' means 'in the way' or 'on the path', 'edvotekha' means 'your testimonies', 'sasti' means 'I rejoice' or 'I am glad', 'ke'al' means 'as' or 'like', 'kol-hon' means 'all (of them)' or 'everything'.
[PSA.119.15] In your commands I shall rejoice, and I shall look at your ways. [§]
b'fikudecha ashicha ve'evita orchotecha.
'b' means 'in', 'fikudecha' means 'your commands' (plural of command/statute), 'ashicha' means 'I shall rejoice' or 'I will be glad', 've' means 'and', 'evita' means 'I shall look' or 'I will behold', 'orchotecha' means 'your ways' (plural of way/path).
[PSA.119.16] I will delight in your statutes; I will not forget your word. [§]
Bechukotekha eshta'asha lo eshkach devarkha.
'Bechukotekha' means 'in your statutes', 'esh-ta'asha' means 'I will delight' (literally 'I will rejoice'), 'lo' means 'not', 'eshkach' means 'I will forget', 'devarkha' means 'your word'.
[PSA.119.17] May the reward for your servant be life, and I will keep your word. [§]
Gemol al avdecha echyeh ve'eshmera devaricha.
'Gemol' means 'reward', 'al' means 'for' or 'upon', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'echyeh' means 'I will live' or 'life', 've'eshmera' means 'and I will keep', 'devaricha' means 'your word'.
[PSA.119.18] Open my eyes and I will behold wondrous things from your law. [§]
Gal einai ve abbitah niflaot mitoretekha.
'Gal' means 'open', 'einai' means 'my eyes', 've' means 'and', 'abbitah' means 'I will look' or 'I will behold', 'niflaot' means 'wondrous things' or 'miracles', 'mitoretekha' means 'from your law/teaching'.
[PSA.119.19] I am a stranger in the land; do not hide your commandments from me. [§]
Ger anokhi baaretz al-tastir mimmeni mitzvotecha.
'Ger' means 'stranger' or 'foreigner', 'anokhi' means 'I', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'al' means 'do not', 'tastir' means 'hide', 'mimmeni' means 'from me', 'mitzvotecha' means 'your commandments' (addressed to God).
[PSA.119.20] My soul has been humbled, longing for your judgments at all times. [§]
Garsah nafshi le-taavah el mishpatecha bechol et.
"Garsah" means "has become weary" or "has been humbled", "nafshi" means "my soul", "le-taavah" means "to longing" (the construct expresses a desire), "el" means "to", "mishpatecha" means "your judgments" (addressed to God), "bechol" means "in all", and "et" means "time" or "times".
[PSA.119.21] You have incited evildoers; cursed are those who stray from your commandments. [§]
Ga'ar-ta ze-dee-m a-ru-rim ha-sho-gim mi-mits-vo-te-cha.
'Ga'ar-ta' means 'you have incited' or 'you have stirred up', 'ze-dee-m' means 'evildoers' or 'wicked ones', 'a-ru-rim' means 'cursed', 'ha-sho-gim' means 'the wayward' or 'those who go astray', 'mi-mits-vo-te-cha' means 'from your commandments'.
[PSA.119.22] Remove from me shame and disgrace, for I have kept your testimonies. [§]
Gal me'alai cherpah vavuz ki edotekha natsarti.
'Gal' means 'remove' or 'cast away', 'me'alai' means 'from me', 'cherpah' means 'shame' or 'mockery', 'vavuz' means 'and disgrace', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'edotekha' means 'your testimonies' ('edot' = testimonies, 'kha' = your), 'natsarti' means 'I have kept' or 'I have guarded'.
[PSA.119.23] Also the princes will sit in me, they will speak; Yahveh's servant will rejoice in Yahveh's statutes. [§]
Gam yashvu sarim bi nidbaru avdecha yashiach bechukecha.
'Gam' means 'also', 'yashvu' means 'they will sit', 'sarim' means 'princes', 'bi' means 'in me', 'nidbaru' means 'they will speak', 'avdecha' means 'Yahveh's servant' (literal translation of 'your servant' with the divine name), 'yashiach' means 'will rejoice', 'bechukecha' means 'in Yahveh's statutes' (literal translation of 'in your statutes').
[PSA.119.24] Even your testimonies, my perplexities, the men of my counsel. [§]
Gam-edoteikha shaashuai anshei atsati.
'Gam' means 'even' or 'also', 'edoteikha' means 'your testimonies', 'shaashuai' means 'my perplexities' or 'my bewilderings', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'atsati' means 'my counsel' or 'my advice'.
[PSA.119.25] My soul has clung to dust; revive me according to your word. [§]
Dabkah le'afar nafshi chayeni kidvarekha.
'Dabkah' means 'has clung' or 'is stuck', 'le'afar' means 'to dust', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'chayeni' means 'revive me' or 'give life to me', 'kidvarekha' means 'according to your word' (the suffix '-kha' is the second‑person masculine singular possessive, referring to God).
[PSA.119.26] I have counted my ways, and you answered me; teach me your statutes. [§]
Derachai sipparti vataaneini lamdeni huchekha.
'Derachai' means 'my ways', 'sipparti' means 'I have counted', 'vataaneini' means 'and you answered me', 'lamdeni' means 'teach me', 'huchekha' means 'your statutes'.
[PSA.119.27] Teach me the way of your statutes, and I will rejoice in your wonders. [§]
Derekh-pikkudeikha havineni ve'ashicha beniflaotekha.
'Derekh' means 'way', 'pikkudeikha' means 'your statutes', 'havinen'i' means 'teach me' or 'make me understand', 've'ashicha' means 'and I will rejoice', 'beniflaotekha' means 'in your wonders'.
[PSA.119.28] My soul drifts in turmoil, Yahveh's word sustains me. [§]
dalpah nafshi mitugah kayemeni kidvarekha
'dalpah' means 'drifts' or 'goes adrift', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'mitugah' means 'in turmoil' or 'tossed about', 'kayemeni' means 'establishes me' or 'sustains me', 'kidvarekha' means 'according to your word'. In the context of the psalm the pronoun 'your' refers to YHVH, which is translated literally as 'Yahveh', so 'your word' becomes 'Yahveh's word'.
[PSA.119.29] Remove the way of falsehood from me, and be gracious to me with your instruction. [§]
derekh-sheqer haser mimeni ve-toratekha chaneni.
'derekh' means 'way', 'sheqer' means 'falsehood' or 'lying'. 'haser' is the imperative form of 'to remove', meaning 'remove'. 'mimeni' means 'from me'. 've' is a conjunction meaning 'and'. 'toratekha' means 'your instruction' or 'your law'. 'chaneni' means 'be gracious to me' or 'show me favor'.
[PSA.119.30] I have chosen the way of faith; I have placed your judgments. [§]
Derekh-emunah bacharti mishpatecha shiviti.
'Derekh' means 'way' or 'road', 'emunah' means 'faith' or 'trust', 'bacharti' means 'I have chosen', 'mishpatecha' means 'your judgments', 'shiviti' means 'I have placed' or 'I have set'.
[PSA.119.31] I have clung to your testimonies, Yahveh; do not shame me. [§]
davakti beedotecha Yahveh al-tevisheni.
'davakti' means 'I have clung', 'beedotecha' means 'to your testimonies', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al-tevisheni' means 'do not shame me' or 'do not cause me to be ashamed'.
[PSA.119.32] The way of your commandments I run because you broaden my heart. [§]
Derekh-mitzvotecha arutz ki tarchiv libi.
'Derekh' means 'way' or 'path', 'mitzvotecha' means 'your commandments', 'arutz' means 'I run' or 'I will run', 'ki' means 'because', 'tarchiv' means 'you will broaden' or 'you will expand', 'libi' means 'my heart'.
[PSA.119.33] Teach me, Yahveh, the way of your statutes, and I will keep them to the end. [§]
Horenni Yahveh derekh chukecha ve'etzrena ekeb.
'Horenni' means 'teach me', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'derekh' means 'the way', 'chukecha' means 'your statutes', 've' means 'and', 'etzrena' means 'I will keep', 'ekeb' means 'to the end'.
[PSA.119.34] Give me understanding that I may keep your law and preserve it with all my heart. [§]
Havinneni ve'etzra toratecha ve'eshmernah vechol lev.
'Havinneni' means 'understand me' or 'give me understanding', 've'etzra' means 'and I will keep', 'toratecha' means 'your law', 've'eshmernah' means 'and I will preserve it', 'vechol lev' means 'with all heart'.
[PSA.119.35] Lead me in the path of your commandments, for I have taken pleasure in them. [§]
Hadriqeni binetiv mitzvotekha ki bo chafatsi.
'Hadriqeni' means 'lead me', 'binetiv' means 'in the path', 'mitzvotekha' means 'your commandments', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'bo' means 'in them', 'chafatsi' means 'I have taken pleasure' or 'I desire'.
[PSA.119.36] Turn my heart toward your testimonies, and not toward wickedness. [§]
Hat libbi el edvotekha ve al el batza.
'Hat' means 'turn' (imperative), 'libbi' means 'my heart', 'el' means 'toward', 'edvotekha' means 'your testimonies' (edut = testimony, -ekha = your), 've' means 'and', 'al' means 'not', 'el' again 'toward', 'batza' means 'wickedness' or 'evil'.
[PSA.119.37] Turn my eyes away from seeing vain things; revive me in your ways. [§]
Haaver einai mer'ot shav bidrachkha hayyeni.
'Haaver' means 'turn away (imperative)', 'einai' means 'my eyes', 'mer'ot' means 'from seeing', 'shav' means 'vain' or 'worthless', 'bidrachkha' means 'in your ways', 'hayyeni' means 'revive me' or 'give me life'.
[PSA.119.38] Establish for Yahveh's servant Yahveh's word which is for the fear of Yahveh. [§]
Haquem leavadekha imratekha asher le-yiratekh.
'Haquem' means 'Establish' (imperative of rise/establish). 'leavadekha' means 'to/for your servant' (le- = to/for, aved = servant, -kha = your). 'imratekha' means 'your word' (imrah = word, -kha = your). 'asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'le-yiratekh' means 'for the fear of you' (le- = for, yirat = fear, -ekh = of you). The pronoun 'your' refers to the divine name YHVH, which is rendered as 'Yahveh' in this translation.
[PSA.119.39] My disgraceful transgression, which I have committed, because your judgments are good. [§]
ha'aver cherpati asher yagorti ki mishpatecha tovim.
'ha'aver' means 'the transgression', 'cherpati' means 'my shame' or 'my disgrace', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'yagorti' means 'I have sinned' or 'I have committed', 'ki' means 'because', 'mishpatecha' means 'your judgments' (from mishpat = judgment, with second‑person masculine singular suffix), 'tovim' means 'are good'.
[PSA.119.40] Behold, I have desired your commandments; in your righteousness grant me life. [§]
Hineh taavti lefikudeka be tzidkateka chayeni.
'Hineh' means 'Behold', 'taavti' means 'I have desired', 'lefikudeka' means 'your commandments', 'be' means 'in' (a preposition), 'tzidkateka' means 'your righteousness', 'chayeni' means 'grant me life' or 'keep me alive'.
[PSA.119.41] And your lovingkindness, Yahveh, will bring me your salvation, as you have spoken. [§]
Vi-vooni chasadecha Yahveh teshuatcha ke-imaratecha.
'Vi-vooni' means 'and (He) will bring me', 'chasadecha' means 'your lovingkindness', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'teshuatcha' means 'your salvation', 'ke-imaratecha' means 'as you have spoken'.
[PSA.119.42] And I will answer the scoffer with a word because I have trusted in your word. [§]
ve'aneh chor'fi davar ki-batakti bidvarecha.
've' means 'and', 'aneh' means 'I will answer', 'chor'fi' means 'my scoffer', 'davar' means 'word', 'ki' means 'because', 'batakti' means 'I have trusted', 'bidvarecha' means 'in your word'.
[PSA.119.43] And do not escape from the mouth of the word of truth forever, for I shall be weak because of your judgment. [§]
veal-tatzel mi-pi devar-emet ad-meod ki le-mishpatecha yichalti.
'veal' means 'and not', 'tatzel' means 'you will escape' or 'you will save', 'mi-pi' means 'from the mouth of', 'devar' means 'word', 'emet' means 'truth', 'ad-meod' means 'to the utmost' or 'forever', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'le-mishpatecha' means 'to your judgment', 'yichalti' means 'I shall be weak' or 'I shall become sick'.
[PSA.119.44] And I will keep your law always, forever and ever. [§]
Ve'eshmera toratekha tamid le'olam va'ed.
'Ve'eshmera' means 'and I will keep' or 'and I will guard', 'toratekha' means 'your law' (the law of God), 'tamid' means 'always', 'le'olam' means 'forever', and 'va'ed' means 'and ever', reinforcing the idea of perpetual duration.
[PSA.119.45] And I will walk in the spaciousness because I have sought your statutes. [§]
ve'ethelekha varachavah ki pikudeikha darashti.
've' means 'and', 'et' (as part of 'ethelm') from the verb 'to walk' meaning 'I will walk', 'ka' is a suffix indicating first person singular, 'varachavah' means 'in the spaciousness' or 'in the broad places', 'ki' means 'because', 'pikudeikha' means 'your statutes' or 'your precepts', 'darashti' means 'I have sought' or 'I have inquired'.
[PSA.119.46] And I will speak in your testimonies before the kings, and I will not be ashamed. [§]
Va'adabrah be'odetecha neged melachim velo evosh.
'Va'adabrah' means 'And I will speak', 'be'odetecha' means 'in your testimonies', 'neged' means 'before', 'melachim' means 'kings', 'velo' means 'and not', 'evosh' means 'be ashamed'.
[PSA.119.47] And I will delight in your commandments which I have loved. [§]
ve'eshtasa be'mitzvotecha asher ahavti.
've' means 'and', 'eshtasa' means 'I will delight', 'be' means 'in', 'mitzvotecha' means 'your commandments' ('mitzvah' = commandment, 'cha' = your), 'asher' means 'which' or 'that', 'ahavti' means 'I have loved' or 'I loved'.
[PSA.119.48] And I will lift my hands to the Lord's commandments which I have loved, and I will rejoice in the Lord's statutes. [§]
ve'esa kappai el mitzvoteikha asher ahavti ve'asichah bechukeikha.
've' means 'and', 'esa' means 'I will lift', 'kappai' means 'my hands', 'el' means 'to' or 'unto', 'mitzvoteikha' means 'your commandments' (here rendered as 'the Lord's commandments'), 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'ahavti' means 'I love' or 'I have loved', 've' again means 'and', 'asichah' means 'I will rejoice', 'bechukeikha' means 'your statutes' (rendered as 'the Lord's statutes'). The verse is a declaration of devotion, offering one's hands to obey the commands of the Lord and expressing joy in keeping the Lord's statutes.
[PSA.119.49] Remember the word to your servant concerning that which you have pitied me. [§]
Zekhor dabar le'avdecha al asher yichalteni.
'Zekhor' means 'remember', 'dabar' means 'word' or 'thing', 'le'avdecha' means 'to your servant' (addressed to God), 'al' means 'concerning' or 'about', 'asher' means 'that which', 'yichalteni' is a verb form meaning 'you have pitied me' (from the root chalal, to have compassion).
[PSA.119.50] This is my comfort in my affliction, for your word revived me. [§]
Zot nechamati beani ki imratekha chiyateni.
'Zot' means 'this', 'nechamati' means 'my comfort', 'beani' means 'in my affliction', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'imratekha' means 'your word' (addressed to God), 'chiyateni' means 'revived me' or 'gave me life'.
[PSA.119.51] The wicked have pursued me greatly; I have not turned away from your instruction. [§]
Zedim heletzuni ad-meod miToratecha lo natiti.
'Zedim' means 'wicked ones', 'heletzuni' means 'have pursued me' or 'have chased me', 'ad-meod' means 'extremely' or 'to a great degree', 'miToratecha' means 'from your instruction' (referring to God's law), 'lo' means 'not', 'natiti' means 'I have turned away' (in the negative sense: I have not turned away).
[PSA.119.52] I remembered your judgments from eternity, Yahveh, and I was comforted. [§]
Zakharti mishpatecha me'olam Yahveh va'etnacham.
'Zakharti' means 'I remembered', 'mishpatecha' means 'your judgments', 'me'olam' means 'from eternity' or 'forever', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'va'etnacham' means 'and I took comfort' or 'and I was comforted'.
[PSA.119.53] Snare, you have seized me from the wicked, abandoners of your law. [§]
Zal'afa achazatni mereshaiim ozvei toratecha.
'Zal'afa' means 'snare' or 'trap', 'achazatni' means 'you have taken hold of me', 'mereshaiim' means 'from the wicked', 'ozvei' means 'abandoners of', 'toratecha' means 'your law'.
[PSA.119.54] Your statutes have become songs to me in the house of my dwelling. [§]
Zemirot hayu li chukeikha beveit megurai.
'Zemirot' means 'songs' or 'psalms', 'hayu' means 'were' or 'have become', 'li' means 'to me', 'chukeikha' means 'your statutes' (from the root 'chok' = law or ordinance), 'beveit' means 'in the house of', 'megurai' means 'my dwelling' or 'my habitation'.
[PSA.119.55] I remembered your name, Yahveh, at night, and I kept your law. [§]
Zacharuti balayla shimkha Yahveh va'eshmera toratekha.
'Zacharuti' means 'I remembered', 'balayla' means 'at night', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'va'eshmera' means 'and I kept', 'toratekha' means 'your law'.
[PSA.119.56] This was to me because I kept your commandments. [§]
Zot hayetah li ki pikkudeikha natsarti.
'Zot' means 'this', 'hayetah' means 'was' (feminine past), 'li' means 'to me', 'ki' means 'because', 'pikkudeikha' means 'your commandments', 'natsarti' means 'I have kept' or 'I have guarded'.
[PSA.119.57] Yahveh is my portion; I have said to keep your words. [§]
Chelki Yahveh amarti lishmor devarecha.
'Chelki' means 'my portion', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'amarti' means 'I have said', 'lishmor' means 'to keep', 'devarecha' means 'your words'.
[PSA.119.58] I have set my face before you with all my heart; be gracious to me according to your promise. [§]
khiliti panecha bechol lev chaneni keimratecha.
'khiliti' means 'I have set' or 'I have presented', 'panecha' means 'your face' (in the sense of presence before you), 'bechol lev' means 'with all heart', 'chaneni' means 'be gracious to me', 'keimratecha' means 'according to your promise' (literally 'as your word').
[PSA.119.59] I have considered my ways and I will turn my feet to your testimonies. [§]
Khisavti drakhai va'ashiva raglai el-edotecha.
'Khisavti' means 'I have considered', 'drakhai' means 'my ways', 'va'ashiva' means 'and I will turn/return', 'raglai' means 'my feet', 'el' means 'to', 'edotecha' means 'your testimonies' (the covenant signs of the Lord).
[PSA.119.60] I was silent and not perplexed, that I might keep your commandments. [§]
Hashti ve lo hitmahmati lishmor mitzvotecha.
'Hashti' means 'I was silent', 've lo' means 'and not', 'hitmahmati' means 'I was perplexed' (here negated as 'I was not perplexed'), 'lishmor' means 'to keep', 'mitzvotecha' means 'your commandments'.
[PSA.119.61] The cords of the wicked have bound me; I have not forgotten your law. [§]
chevlei reshaim ivduni toratekha lo shachti.
'chevlei' means 'cords', 'reshaim' means 'of the wicked', 'ivduni' means 'have bound me' or 'have oppressed me', 'toratekha' means 'your law' (addressed to the Lord), 'lo' means 'not', 'shachti' means 'I have forgotten'.
[PSA.119.62] At the midpoint of the night I will rise to give thanks to you for your righteous judgments. [§]
Chatsot-layla akum lehodot lakh al mishpetei tzidkecha.
'Chatsot' means 'half', 'layla' means 'night', together 'half of the night'; 'akum' means 'I will rise'; 'lehodot' means 'to give thanks'; 'lakh' means 'to you' (addressing God); 'al' means 'for' or 'because of'; 'mishpetei' means 'judgments of'; 'tzidkecha' means 'your righteousness' or 'your righteous judgments'.
[PSA.119.63] I am a companion to all who fear you and to those who keep your commands. [§]
Chaver ani lekol-asher yere'ucha uleshomrei pikudecha.
'Chaver' means 'companion' or 'friend', 'ani' means 'I', 'lekol' means 'to all' or 'for all', 'asher' means 'who', 'yere'ucha' means 'fear you' (with 'you' referring to God), 'uleshomrei' means 'and to those who keep/observe', 'pikudecha' means 'your commands' (the commands of God).
[PSA.119.64] Your lovingkindness, Yahveh, fills the earth; teach me your statutes. [§]
chasdecha yahveh maleah haaretz chukecha lamdeni.
'chasdecha' means 'your lovingkindness', 'yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH meaning 'Yahveh', 'maleah' means 'fills' or 'is full', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'chukecha' means 'your statutes', 'lamdeni' means 'teach me' or 'instruct me'.
[PSA.119.65] Good you have done with your servant Yahveh according to your word. [§]
Tov asita im avdeka Yahveh kidbarke.
'Tov' means 'good', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'im' means 'with', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'kidbarke' means 'according to your word'.
[PSA.119.66] Good taste and knowledge you have taught me, because I have believed in your commandments. [§]
tov ta'am ve-da'at lamdeni ki b'mitzvotecha he'emanti.
'tov' means 'good', 'ta'am' means 'taste', 've-da'at' means 'and knowledge', 'lamdeni' means 'you have taught me', 'ki' means 'because', 'b'mitzvotecha' means 'in your commandments', 'he'emanti' means 'I have believed'.
[PSA.119.67] Before I answer I am erring, and now I have kept your word. [§]
Terem e'aneh ani shogeg ve'atah imratecha shamarti.
'Terem' means 'before', 'e'aneh' means 'I will answer' (future verb), 'ani' means 'I', 'shogeg' means 'wandering' or 'erring', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'imratecha' means 'your word', 'shamarti' means 'I have kept' or 'I have guarded'.
[PSA.119.68] Good are you, O God, and gracious; teach me your statutes. [§]
Tov-atta u'metiv lamdeini hukkeikha.
'Tov' means 'good', 'atta' means 'you', the prefix 'u' means 'and', 'metiv' means 'kind' or 'gracious', 'lamdeini' means 'teach me', and 'hukkeikha' means 'your statutes' or 'your decrees'.
[PSA.119.69] They have dealt falsehood and wickedness against me; I with all my heart cherish your commandments. [§]
Taflu alai sheker zedim; Ani bechol-lev etzor pikudeicha.
'Taflu' means 'they have dealt' or 'they have acted', 'alai' means 'against me', 'sheker' means 'falsehood' or 'lie', 'zedim' means 'wicked' or 'malicious', 'Ani' means 'I', 'bechol-lev' means 'with all heart', 'etzor' means 'I cherish' or 'I hold dear', 'pikudeicha' means 'your commandments' (the statutes of Yahveh).
[PSA.119.70] I have bruised their hearts like milk; I have made a mockery of your law. [§]
Tafash kachelav livbam ani toratcha shiashati.
'Tafash' means 'I have pressed or bruised', 'kachelav' means 'like milk', 'livbam' means 'their hearts', 'ani' means 'I', 'toratcha' means 'your law', 'shiashati' means 'I have made a mockery of'.
[PSA.119.71] It is good for me because I have been afflicted, that I may learn Yahveh's statutes. [§]
Tov li ki uneti lema'an elmad chukecha.
'Tov' means 'good', 'li' means 'to me', 'ki' means 'because', 'uneti' means 'I have been afflicted', 'lema'an' means 'in order that', 'elmad' means 'that I may learn', 'chukecha' means 'your statutes' (referring to the statutes of Yahveh).
[PSA.119.72] Your law of the mouth is better to me than a thousand pieces of gold and silver. [§]
tov li torat pichah me'alfei zahav vakesef.
'tov' means 'good' or 'pleasant', 'li' means 'to me', 'torat' means 'the law' or 'instruction', 'pichah' means 'of your mouth', 'me'alfei' means 'more than thousands of', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'vakesef' means 'and silver'.
[PSA.119.73] Your hand made me and formed me; make me understand, and I will learn your commandments. [§]
Yadeikha asuni veichonenu havineni ve'elmedah mitzvoteykha.
'Yadeikha' means 'your hand', 'asuni' means 'made me', 'veichonenu' means 'and formed me', 'havineni' means 'make me understand', 've'elmedah' means 'and I will learn', 'mitzvoteykha' means 'your commandments'.
[PSA.119.74] He will fear you; they will see me and rejoice, because I am afflicted for your word. [§]
Yirekha yiru'uni veyismachu ki lidvarkha yichalti.
'Yirekha' means 'he will fear you', with 'you' referring to Yahveh. 'Yiru'uni' means 'they will see me'. 'Veyismachu' means 'and they will rejoice'. 'Ki' means 'because'. 'Lidvarkha' means 'by your word' (your = Yahveh's). 'Yichalti' means 'I have become afflicted' or 'I am afflicted'. The verse therefore says that those who fear Yahveh will see me and rejoice, because I am afflicted for your word.
[PSA.119.75] I have known Yahveh that your righteousness and your judgments are true, and your faithfulness has sustained me. [§]
Yadati Yahveh ki tzedek mishpateicha ve emunah initanih.
'Yadati' means 'I have known', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'ki' means 'that', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness', 'mishpateicha' means 'your judgments', 've' means 'and', 'emunah' means 'faithfulness', 'initanih' means 'you have sustained me' (or 'you have upheld me').
[PSA.119.76] Please let Yahveh's grace comfort me, as Yahveh's word to his servant. [§]
Yehi na chasdecha le-nachameni ke-imratecha le-avdecha.
'Yehi' means 'let it be' or 'may it be'. 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please'. 'chasdecha' means 'your grace' (the noun 'chesed' = grace, kindness, with the second‑person singular suffix '-cha' = your). 'le-nachameni' is 'to comfort me' (le‑ = to, nacham = comfort, -eni = me). 'ke-imratecha' means 'as your word' (ke‑ = as, imrah = word, -cha = your). 'le-avdecha' means 'to your servant' (le‑ = to, avod = servant, -cha = your). The possessive pronouns 'your' refer to the divine name YHVH, which is rendered literally as 'Yahveh' in the English translation.
[PSA.119.77] Your mercy comes to me and I will live, because your Torah is my delight. [§]
Yevuni rachamecha ve'echye ki toratcha shashuai.
'Yevuni' means 'they will come to me', 'rachamecha' means 'your mercy', 've'echye' means 'and I will live', 'ki' means 'because', 'toratcha' means 'your teaching (the Torah)', 'shashuai' means 'my delight'.
[PSA.119.78] The wicked will be ashamed, because falsehood has deceived me; I will speak in your commands. [§]
Yevoshu zedim ki shekar ivtuni ani ashiyach b'fikudekha.
'Yevoshu' means 'will be ashamed', 'zedim' means 'the wicked', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'shekar' means 'falsehood', 'ivtuni' means 'has deceived me', 'ani' means 'I', 'ashiyach' means 'will speak' or 'will converse', 'b'fikudekha' means 'in your command(s)'.
[PSA.119.79] Those who fear you will return to me and will know your testimonies. [§]
Yashuvu li y'ree'ekha ve-yod'ei edotekha.
'Yashuvu' means 'they will return', 'li' means 'to me', 'y'ree'ekha' means 'those who fear you', 've' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'yod'ei' means 'will know', 'edotekha' means 'your testimonies'.
[PSA.119.80] May my heart be pure in your statutes, so that I will not be ashamed. [§]
Y'hi libi tamim bechukecha lema'an lo evosh.
'Y'hi' means 'let be' (imperative of to be), 'libi' means 'my heart', 'tamim' means 'whole, blameless, pure', 'bechukecha' means 'in your statutes', 'lema'an' means 'in order that' or 'so that', 'lo' means 'not', 'evosh' means 'I be ashamed' (first person singular verb).
[PSA.119.81] My soul has been spent for your salvation; I have become weak for your word. [§]
Kaleta li-tshua-tkha nafshi li-dvarkha yichalti.
'Kaleta' means 'has been spent' or 'is exhausted', 'li-tshua-tkha' means 'for your salvation', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'li-dvarkha' means 'for your word', 'yichalti' means 'I have become weak' or 'I am weary'.
[PSA.119.82] My eyes are weary at your word, saying, When will you comfort me. [§]
kalu einai leimratekha le'emor matai tenachameni.
'kalu' means 'are weary', 'einai' means 'my eyes', 'leimratekha' means 'to your word', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'matai' means 'when', 'tenachameni' means 'you will comfort me'.
[PSA.119.83] For I was like a wanderer in the wilderness; I have not forgotten your statutes. [§]
ki hayiti kenoad beqitor hukekha lo shakhachti.
'ki' means 'for', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'kenoad' is taken as 'like a wanderer', 'beqitor' is taken as 'in the wilderness', 'hukekha' means 'your statutes', 'lo' means 'not', 'shakhachti' means 'I have forgotten'.
[PSA.119.84] How many days of your servant? When will you bring judgment against my pursuers. [§]
kammah yemei avdecha matai taaseh b'rodfai mishpat.
'kammah' means 'how many', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'matai' means 'when', 'taaseh' means 'you will do/bring about', 'b'rodfai' means 'against my pursuers' (the preposition bet with the noun 'rodfei' plus first person singular suffix), 'mishpat' means 'judgment'.
[PSA.119.85] They have given me wicked speech that is not according to your law. [§]
Karu li zedim sihot asher lo ketoratekha.
'Karu' means 'they have given' or 'they have placed', 'li' means 'to me', 'zedim' means 'wickedness' or 'evil', 'sihot' means 'speech' or 'talk', 'asher' means 'that', 'lo' means 'not', 'ketoratekha' means 'according to your law' (with 'kha' referring to the divine address).
[PSA.119.86] All your commandments are faith; falsehood pursues me, help me. [§]
Kol-mitzvoteikha emunah sheker redafuni azreni.
'Kol' means 'all', 'mitzvoteikha' means 'your commandments', 'emunah' means 'faith', 'sheker' means 'falsehood', 'redafuni' means 'pursue me' or 'they pursued me', 'azreni' means 'help me'.
[PSA.119.87] A little they have exhausted me on the earth, and I have not forsaken your commands. [§]
kim'at killuni baaretz va'ani lo-azavti pikudecha.
'kim\'at' means 'a little' or 'for a short time', 'killuni' means 'they have exhausted me' (from the root K-L-L meaning 'to finish, kill'), 'baaretz' means 'on the earth', 'va\'ani' means 'and I', 'lo-azavti' means 'I have not forsaken', 'pikudecha' means 'your commands' or 'your ordinances'.
[PSA.119.88] By your kindness you give me life and I will keep the testimony of your mouth. [§]
kechasdecha chayeni veeshmera eduth picha.
'ke' means 'by' or 'according to', 'chasde' means 'kindness' or 'grace', 'cha' means 'your' (second person masculine singular); 'chayeni' means 'you give me life' (verb 'to live' with suffix 'me'); 've' means 'and', 'eshmera' means 'I will keep' (future of 'keep, guard'); 'eduth' means 'testimony' or 'witness'; 'picha' means 'your mouth' ('pi' = mouth, 'cha' = your).
[PSA.119.89] Forever Yahveh, your word stands in the heavens. [§]
Le'olam Yahveh devarkha nitzav bashamayim.
'Le'olam' means 'forever', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'devarkha' means 'your word' (with 'kh' representing the Hebrew 'kh' sound), 'nitzav' means 'stands', and 'bashamayim' means 'in the heavens'.
[PSA.119.90] For generation after generation your faithfulness; you have established the earth and it stands. [§]
Le-dor va-dor emunathekha konanta eretz va-taamod.
'Le-dor' means 'for a generation', 'va-dor' means 'and a generation' (together indicating 'for generation after generation'), 'emunathekha' means 'your faithfulness', 'konanta' means 'you have established', 'eretz' means 'the earth', 'va-taamod' means 'and it stands' (or 'and it has stood').
[PSA.119.91] Your judgments stood today because all are your servants. [§]
Le-mishpatyecha amdu hayom ki hakol avadecha.
'Le-mishpatyecha' means 'your judgments', 'amdu' means 'stood' (third person plural past), 'hayom' means 'today', 'ki' means 'because', 'hakol' means 'all', 'avadecha' means 'your servants'.
[PSA.119.92] If your law were not my delight, then I would be lost in my pride. [§]
lulei toratekha sha'ashu'ai az avadti be'anayi.
'lulei' means 'if not', 'toratekha' means 'your law', 'sha'ashu'ai' means 'my delight' (the root sha'ashu' conveys joy or pleasure), 'az' means 'then', 'avadti' means 'I was lost' or 'I perished', 'be'anayi' means 'in my pride' or 'in my arrogance'.
[PSA.119.93] Forever I will not forget your commandments, for in them you have given me life. [§]
Le'olam lo eshkach pikkutekha ki bam hiyyitani.
'Le'olam' means 'forever', 'lo' means 'not', 'eshkach' means 'I will forget', 'pikkutekha' means 'your commandments', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'bam' means 'in them', 'hiyyitani' means 'you have given me life' (literally 'you revived me').
[PSA.119.94] To you I, save me, for I have sought your commands. [§]
Lecha ani hoshiena ki pikudecha darashti.
'Lecha' means 'to you', 'ani' means 'I', 'hoshiena' means 'save me', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'pikudecha' means 'your commands' (literally 'your statutes'), 'darashti' means 'I have sought'.
[PSA.119.95] Let the wicked hope to destroy me; I will build your testimonies. [§]
Li kivu resha'im le'abbdeni edotecha etbonan.
'Li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'kivu' means 'hope' (imperative form, 'let [them] hope'), 'resha'im' means 'the wicked', 'le'abbdeni' means 'to destroy me' (the verb 'abad' = to ruin, with first‑person object), 'edotecha' means 'your testimonies' (the plural of 'eduth' = covenant or testimony, with the second‑person singular suffix), and 'etbonan' means 'I will build' (first‑person singular imperfect of 'bonah' = to build). No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name is needed.
[PSA.119.96] For all that perishes, I have seen the end; the breadth of your command is exceedingly great. [§]
lechol tekla ra'iti ketz rakhavah mitzvateka meod
'lechol' means 'for all' or 'to every', 'tekla' means 'will be ended' or 'is perished', 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'ketz' means 'an end', 'rakhavah' means 'broadness' or 'great extent', 'mitzvateka' means 'your command', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
[PSA.119.97] How I have loved your law; it is my delight all day. [§]
Ma ahavti toratekha kol hayom hi sichi.
'Ma' means 'how' or 'what', 'ahavti' means 'I have loved', 'toratekha' means 'your law', 'kol' means 'all', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hi' means 'it is', 'sichi' means 'my conversation' or 'my delight'.
[PSA.119.98] From my enemies you make me wise; your commandments, because they are forever for me. [§]
Me oyvai tehakmeeni mitzvotecha ki leolam hi li.
'Me' means 'from', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', together 'Me oyvai' = 'from my enemies'. 'tehakmeeni' means 'you make me wise' or 'you give me wisdom'. 'mitzvotecha' means 'your commandments'. 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'. 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting'. 'hi' means 'they are' (referring to the commandments). 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'.
[PSA.119.99] From all my teachers I have learned, because your testimonies are a discourse to me. [§]
Mik-kol melammedai hiskalti ki edvotecha sicha li.
'Mik-kol' means 'from all', 'melammedai' means 'my teachers', 'hiskalti' means 'I have learned' or 'I have become wise', 'ki' means 'because', 'edvotecha' means 'your testimonies', 'sicha' means 'conversation' or 'discourse', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'.
[PSA.119.100] The elders have understood, because I have kept your commands. [§]
Mizqenim etvonan ki pikkutcha natzarti.
'Mizqenim' means 'the elders'. 'etvonan' is the first person singular perfect of the verb meaning 'I have understood' or 'I understand'. 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'. 'pikkutcha' means 'your commands' (the 'your' referring to the deity). 'natzarti' means 'I have kept' or 'I have obeyed'.
[PSA.119.101] From every evil road I have set my feet, that I may keep your word. [§]
Mi khal orach ra ka li ti rag lai le maan esh mor de va re cha.
'Mi' means 'from', 'khal' means 'all', 'orach' means 'road', 'ra' means 'evil', 'ka li ti' means 'I have set/placed', 'rag lai' means 'my feet', 'le maan' means 'in order that', 'esh mor' means 'I may keep/guard', 'de va re cha' means 'your word'.
[PSA.119.102] I have not turned away from your judgments, for you have taught me. [§]
Mimishpatecha lo-sarti ki attah horetani.
'Mimishpatecha' means 'from your judgments', 'lo' means 'not', 'sarti' means 'I turned away' (negative construction gives 'I have not turned away'), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'attah' means 'you', 'horetani' means 'you have taught me'.
[PSA.119.103] How sweet to my palate are your words, like honey to my mouth. [§]
Ma nimletzu lechi imratekha midvash lefi.
'Ma' means 'how', 'nimletzu' means 'are they sweet' (literally 'they are sweetened'), 'lechi' means 'to my palate', 'imratekha' means 'your words', 'midvash' means 'like honey', 'lefi' means 'to my mouth'.
[PSA.119.104] From your commands I will build; therefore I have hated every false path. [§]
mippikkudecha etbonan al-ken saneiti kol-orach shaker.
'mippikkudecha' means 'from your commands'; 'etbonan' means 'I will build'; 'al-ken' means 'therefore' or 'because of that'; 'saneiti' means 'I hated'; 'kol-orach' means 'all way' or 'every path'; 'shaker' means 'lie' or 'falsehood'.
[PSA.119.105] Yahveh's word is a lamp for my foot and a light for my path. [§]
Ner le-ragli devarecha ve-or li-netivati.
'Ner' means 'lamp', 'le-ragli' means 'for my foot', 'devarecha' means 'your word' (here 'your' refers to YHVH, so rendered as 'Yahveh's word'), 've-or' means 'and light', 'li-netivati' means 'for my path'.
[PSA.119.106] I have sworn and I will keep the judgments of your righteousness. [§]
Nishbati vaakiyem li shmor mishpetei tzidkecha.
'Nishbati' means 'I have sworn', 'vaakiyem' means 'and I will keep' (literally 'and I will establish'), 'li shmor' means 'to keep' or 'to observe', 'mishpetei' means 'the judgments of', and 'tzidkecha' means 'your righteousness' (referring to the righteousness of God).
[PSA.119.107] I have been humbled greatly, Yahveh, grant me life according to your word. [§]
Na'aneiti ad-me'od Yahveh chayyeni kidvarcha.
'Na'aneiti' means 'I have been humbled', 'ad-me'od' means 'to a great degree' or 'greatly', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'chayyeni' means 'grant me life' or 'revive me', 'kidvarcha' means 'according to your word'.
[PSA.119.108] Utterances of my mouth, please Yahveh, and your judgments teach me. [§]
Nidvot pi retze-na Yahveh u-mishpatecha lamdeni.
'Nidvot' means 'utterances', 'pi' means 'my mouth', 'retze-na' means 'please be pleased', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'u-' means 'and', 'mishpatecha' means 'your judgments', 'lamdeni' means 'teach me'.
[PSA.119.109] My soul is always in my palm, and I have not forgotten your Torah. [§]
Nafshi bechap pi tamid ve-toratekha lo shachti.
'Nafshi' means 'my soul', 'bechap' means 'in (my) palm', 'pi' is the suffix indicating 'my' (my palm), 'tamid' means 'always', 've' means 'and', 'toratekha' means 'your Torah', 'lo' means 'not', 'shachti' means 'I have forgotten'.
[PSA.119.110] The wicked gave a morsel to me, and you will not bring from your commands. [§]
natnu reshahim pach li umipikudecha lo taiti.
'natnu' means 'they gave', 'reshahim' means 'wicked (people)', 'pach' means 'a morsel' or 'piece of bread', 'li' means 'to me', 'umipikudecha' means 'and from your commands', 'lo' means 'not', 'taiti' means 'you will bring' (feminine singular).
[PSA.119.111] I have inherited your testimonies forever, for they are the joy of my heart. [§]
Nachalti edvotekha leolam ki sason libi hemmah.
'Nachalti' means 'I have inherited', 'edvotekha' means 'your testimonies', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'sason' means 'joy', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'hemmah' means 'they' referring to the testimonies.
[PSA.119.112] I have set my heart to do your statutes forever because. [§]
Natiti libi la'asot chukecha leolam ekeb.
'Natiti' means 'I have set', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'chukecha' means 'your statutes', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'ekeb' means 'because' or 'as a result'.
[PSA.119.113] I have hated the scoffers, and I have loved your law. [§]
Se'afim saneti ve toratekha ahavti.
'Se'afim' is a plural noun meaning 'the scoffers' or 'the despised ones'. 'Saneti' is the verb 'I have hated'. 'Ve' is the conjunction 'and'. 'Toratekha' means 'your law' (the law belonging to the addressed God). 'Ahavti' is the verb 'I have loved'.
[PSA.119.114] You are my cover and my shield; I wait for your word. [§]
sitr i u-magini atah li-dvarcha yichalti.
'sitr i' means 'my cover', 'u-magini' means 'and my shield', 'atah' means 'you are', 'li-dvarcha' means 'to your word', 'yichalti' means 'I wait for' or 'I cling to'.
[PSA.119.115] Turn away from me, evildoers, and I will keep the commandments of my God. [§]
Suru mi-meni m're'im ve'etzrah mitzvot Elohai.
'Suru' means 'turn away', 'mi' means 'from', 'meni' means 'me', 'm're'im' means 'wicked ones' or 'evildoers', 've' means 'and', 'etzrah' means 'I will keep' or 'I will guard', 'mitzvot' means 'commandments', 'Elohai' means 'my God'.
[PSA.119.116] Support me as your word, and I will live, and do not shame me in my feast. [§]
Samkheni ke-imratecha ve'echyeh ve'al tevisheni misbri.
'Samkheni' means 'support me' (from the verb samach 'to support' plus the suffix -ni 'me'), 'ke-imratecha' means 'as your word' (ke = as, imrah = word, -cha = your), 've'echyeh' means 'and I will live' (ve = and, echyeh = I will live), 've'al' means 'and not', 'tevisheni' means 'shame me' (verb bishah 'to shame' with second‑person masculine singular imperfect prefix te‑ and object suffix -eni 'me'), 'misbri' means 'from my feast' (mi = from, sber = feast, -i = my).
[PSA.119.117] Help me, and I will be saved, and I will uphold your statutes always. [§]
se'aden i ve'ivashah ve'eshah bechukeika tamid
'se'aden' means 'help me', 'i' is the first-person singular suffix attached to the verb, 've'ivashah' means 'and I will be saved', 've'eshah' means 'and I will serve' or 'uphold', 'bechukeika' means 'in your statutes' (your = second-person singular masculine possessive, statutes = legal or divine commands), 'tamid' means 'always' or 'continually'.
[PSA.119.118] You have removed all the erring ones from your statutes, for they are a falsehood. [§]
Salita kol shogim mechukeikah ki sheker tarmitam.
'Salita' means 'you have removed', 'kol' means 'all', 'shogim' means 'the erring ones' or 'those who go astray', 'mechukeikah' means 'from your statutes', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'sheker' means 'falsehood' or 'lie', 'tarmitam' means 'you have made them a fraud' or 'you have turned them into a lie'.
[PSA.119.119] You have silenced all the wicked of the earth; therefore I have loved your testimonies. [§]
sigim hisbata kol risheei aretz lakein ahavti edotecha.
'sigim' means 'you have silenced', 'hisbata' means 'you have struck' (a verb form of 'strike'), 'kol' means 'all', 'risheei' means 'the wicked' (plural construct), 'aretz' means 'earth', 'lakein' means 'therefore', 'ahavti' means 'I have loved', 'edotecha' means 'your testimonies' (plural).
[PSA.119.120] I have kept from your chastening with my flesh, and I have feared your judgments. [§]
Samar mipachdeka b'sari u'mimmishpateikha yareiti.
'Samar' means 'I have kept', 'mi' means 'from', 'pachdeka' means 'your chastening' (from the root pachad, to rebuke), 'b' means 'in' or 'with', 'sari' means 'my flesh', 'u' means 'and', 'mimmishpateikha' means 'from your judgments', 'yareiti' means 'I feared' or 'I was in awe of'.
[PSA.119.121] I have done justice and righteousness; do not abandon me to my oppressors. [§]
Asiti mishpat vatzedek bal tanikheni leoshkai.
'Asiti' means 'I have done', 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'justice', 'vatzedek' means 'and righteousness', 'bal' is an Aramaic negative imperative meaning 'do not', 'tanikheni' means 'you will abandon me' or 'you will leave me', and 'leoshkai' means 'to my oppressors' (dative form of 'my oppressors').
[PSA.119.122] Evening, your servant, for good, do not let the wicked oppress me. [§]
Erev avadekha letov al-yaashkuni zedim.
'Erev' means 'evening', 'avadekha' means 'your servant', 'letov' means 'for good' or 'to a good end', 'al' means 'do not', 'yaashkuni' (from the root 'ashaq') means 'they will oppress me' or 'they will act wickedly toward me', 'zedim' means 'the wicked' or 'impious people'.
[PSA.119.123] My eyes are exhausted for your salvation and for the word of your righteousness. [§]
Einai kallu lishuatecha ulemrat tzedkecha.
'Einai' means 'my eyes', 'kallu' means 'have become weak' or 'are exhausted', 'lishuatecha' means 'for your salvation', 'ulemrat' means 'and for the saying' or 'and for the word', 'tzedkecha' means 'your righteousness'.
[PSA.119.124] Do with your servant according to your lovingkindness and teach me your statutes. [§]
Aseh im avdecha kechesdecha vechukecha lamdeni.
'Aseh' means 'do' or 'act', 'im' means 'with', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'kechesdecha' means 'according to your lovingkindness', 'vechukecha' means 'and your statutes', 'lamdeni' means 'teach me'.
[PSA.119.125] I am your servant; understand me, and I will know your testimonies. [§]
Avdecha ani havineni ve'eda edotecha.
'Avdecha' means 'your servant', 'ani' means 'I', 'havineni' means 'understand me', 've'eda' means 'and I will know', 'edotecha' means 'your testimonies'.
[PSA.119.126] It is time to act for Yahveh; they have broken your law. [§]
Et la'asot laYahveh haferu toratekha.
'Et' means 'time', 'la'asot' means 'to do' or 'to act', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'haferu' means 'they have broken', 'toratekha' means 'your law'.
[PSA.119.127] Therefore I love your commandments more than gold and silver. [§]
al-ken ahavti mitzvoteykha mi zahav u-mi paz.
'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'ahavti' means 'I love', 'mitzvoteykha' means 'your commandments', 'mi' before a noun expresses 'more than', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'u-' means 'and', 'paz' means 'silver'.
[PSA.119.128] Therefore I will serve all the commands of all, I hated every false path. [§]
al-ken kol-pikkudei kol yisharti kol-orach sheker saneti.
'al-ken' means 'therefore' or 'for this reason', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'pikkudei' is the construct form of 'pikkud' meaning 'command' or 'ordinance', together 'kol-pikkudei' means 'all commands', the second 'kol' intensifies 'all', 'yisharti' is a first‑person future verb meaning 'I will serve' or 'I will keep', 'kol-orach' means 'every way' or 'all paths', 'sheker' means 'falsehood' or 'lie', and 'saneti' means 'I hated'.
[PSA.119.129] Wonders of your testimonies; therefore I will guard them with my soul. [§]
pl'ot edvotekha al-ken netzarotam nafshi.
'pl'ot' means 'wonders' or 'miracles', 'edvotekha' means 'your testimonies' (genitive plural of 'edah'), 'al-ken' means 'therefore' or 'for this reason', 'netzarotam' means 'I will guard them' (first person singular future of 'natzar' with the object suffix 'them'), 'nafshi' means 'my soul' (possessive).
[PSA.119.130] The opening of your words will shine, making mouths understand. [§]
Petach d'varecha ya'er mevin petayim.
'Petach' means 'opening' or 'doorway', 'd'varecha' means 'your words', 'ya'er' means 'will shine' or 'will give light', 'mevin' means 'understanding' or 'makes understand', 'petayim' means 'mouths' (plural). The phrase describes how the opening or entrance of someone's words provides illumination that enables mouths to understand.
[PSA.119.131] My mouth is opened and I shouted, because I have become weary of your commandments. [§]
Pi pa'arti va'eshafa ki le-mitzvoteikha yaavti.
'Pi' means 'my mouth', 'pa'arti' means 'I have opened (my mouth)', 'va'eshafa' means 'and I shouted', 'ki' means 'because', 'le-mitzvoteikha' means 'to your commandments', 'yaavti' means 'I have become weary'.
[PSA.119.132] Turn to me and have mercy on me as a just judgment for the lovers of your name. [§]
P'neh elai vechaneni ke-mishpat le'ohavei shemecha.
'P'neh' means 'turn' (imperative), 'elai' means 'to me', together 'turn to me'. 'vechaneni' means 'and show me mercy' (from the verb chanan, to be gracious). 'ke-mishpat' means 'as judgment' or 'in a just manner'. 'le'ohavei' means 'for the lovers of' (literally 'to the lovers of'), and 'shemecha' means 'your name'.
[PSA.119.133] Prepare my times in your word, and do not rule over me with any iniquity. [§]
Pe'ama'i haken be-imratekha ve'al tashlet bi kol aven.
'Pe'ama'i' means 'my times' or 'my appointed moments', 'haken' is the imperative 'prepare' or 'set', 'be-imratekha' means 'in your word', 've'al' means 'and not', 'tashlet' is the negative imperative 'you shall rule' or 'you shall dominate', 'bi' means 'over me', 'kol' means 'all' or 'any', 'aven' means 'iniquity' or 'wickedness'.
[PSA.119.134] Redeem me from the oppression of man, and I will keep your statutes. [§]
Pdeini me'oshek adam ve'eshmera pikkudecha.
'Pdeini' means 'Redeem me', 'me'oshek' means 'from oppression', 'adam' means 'man', 've'eshmera' means 'and I will keep/guard', 'pikkudecha' means 'your statutes'.
[PSA.119.135] Your face, the Light, in your servant; teach me your statutes. [§]
panecha ha'er be'avdecha ve'lammedeni et-chukekha
'panecha' means 'your face', 'ha'er' means 'the Light', 'be'avdecha' means 'in your servant', 've'lammedeni' means 'and teach me', 'et-chukekha' means 'your statutes'.
[PSA.119.136] Streams of water will descend my eyes because they have not kept your law. [§]
Palgei-mayim yardu einai al lo-shamru toratecha.
'Palgei' means 'streams' (the construct form of 'streams'), 'mayim' means 'water', together 'Palgei-mayim' means 'streams of water'. 'Yardu' means 'will go down' or 'will descend'. 'Einai' means 'my eyes'. 'Al' means 'on' or 'because'. 'Lo' means 'not'. 'Shamru' means 'they kept' or 'they observed'. 'Toratecha' means 'your law' (Torah = law, the suffix -cha = your).
[PSA.119.137] You are righteous, Yahveh, and your judgments are upright. [§]
Tzadik attah Yahveh ve-yashar mishpatecha.
'Tzadik' means 'righteous', 'attah' means 'you (are)', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'yashar' means 'upright', 'mishpatecha' is the construct 'your judgments' (mishpat = judgment, -echa = your).
[PSA.119.138] You commanded righteousness, your testimonies, and great faith. [§]
Tzivita tzedek edotecha ve'emunah meod.
'Tzivita' means 'you commanded', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness', 'edotecha' means 'your testimonies', 've'emunah' means 'and faith', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
[PSA.119.139] My jealousy has seized me because they have forgotten your words, my enemies. [§]
tzimmetani kinati ki shachchu dvarkha tzarai.
'tzimmetani' means 'my anger' or 'my jealousy', 'kinati' means 'my jealousy', 'ki' means 'because', 'shachchu' means 'they have forgotten', 'dvarkha' means 'your words', 'tzarai' means 'my enemies'.
[PSA.119.140] Your word is very severe, and I will love your servant. [§]
Tzerufah imratekha meod veavdeka ahevah.
'Tzerufah' means 'severe' or 'tight', 'imratekha' means 'your word', 'meod' means 'very', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'ahevah' means 'I will love it/her'.
[PSA.119.141] I am young and I despise your statutes; I have not forgotten them. [§]
Tzair anokhi ve nivezhe pikudeikha lo shachti.
'Tzair' means 'young', 'anokhi' means 'I', 've' means 'and', 'nivezhe' means 'I despise', 'pikudeikha' means 'your statutes' (the commands of the Lord), 'lo' means 'not', 'shachti' means 'I have forgotten'.
[PSA.119.142] Your righteousness is everlasting, and your law is truth. [§]
Tsidkatecha tzedek le'olam ve-toratecha emet.
'Tsidkatecha' means 'your righteousness', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness' or 'justice', 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting', 've' means 'and', 'toratecha' means 'your law' or 'your teaching', 'emet' means 'truth'.
[PSA.119.143] Distress and pressing have found me; from your commandments is my delight. [§]
Tzar-u-matzok metzavuni mi-tsvotekha sha'ashui.
'Tzar' means 'tightness' or 'distress', 'u' means 'and', 'matzok' means 'pressing' or 'being pressed', 'metzavuni' means 'they have found me', 'mi-tsvotekha' means 'from your commandments', 'sha'ashui' means 'my delight' or 'my joy'.
[PSA.119.144] Righteousness, your testimony forever; understand me and I will live. [§]
Tzedek edvotekha leolam havineni veechyeh.
'Tzedek' means 'righteousness', 'edvotekha' means 'your testimony', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'havineni' means 'understand me', 'veechyeh' means 'and I will live'.
[PSA.119.145] I have called with all my heart, answer me, Yahveh, I will keep your statutes. [§]
Qara'eti bechol lev aneni Yahveh hukeikha etso'ra.
'Qara'eti' means 'I have called', 'bechol' means 'with all', 'lev' means 'heart', 'aneni' means 'answer me', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'hukeikha' means 'your statutes', 'etso'ra' means 'I will keep'.
[PSA.119.146] I called you, save me, and I will keep your testimonies. [§]
kera'tikha hoshieniy veeshmara edoteikha.
'kera'tikha' means 'I called you', 'hoshieniy' means 'save me', 'veeshmara' means 'and I will keep', 'edoteikha' means 'your testimonies' or 'your covenant signs'.
[PSA.119.147] I have gone before in the wind and have listened to your words; I shall be ashamed. [§]
Kidamti baneshef va'ashave'ah lidvarkha yichalti.
'Kidamti' is the first‑person singular perfect of קדם meaning 'I have gone before' or 'I have set before'. 'Baneshef' is the construct 'in the breath/wind', literally 'in the wind' (נשף = breath, wind). 'Va'ashave'ah' is the conjunction וַ + the first‑person singular perfect of שׁוּעַ meaning 'and I have listened' or 'and I have paid attention'. 'Lidvarkha' is לִ + your words, meaning 'to your words' or 'to the words of you'. 'Yichalti' is the imperfect of חאל (to be ashamed) with a third‑person masculine singular prefix, literally 'he will be ashamed'; in context it conveys 'I shall be ashamed'.
[PSA.119.148] Advance, my eyes, cymbals, for conversation, according to your word. [§]
Kiddemu einai ashmuroth lashich beimratecha.
'Kiddemu' is the masculine plural imperative form of the verb meaning 'advance' or 'go forward'. 'Einai' means 'my eyes'. 'Ashmuroth' is the plural noun meaning 'cymbals' (musical instruments). 'Lashich' is the infinitive with the preposition 'to', meaning 'to converse' or 'for conversation'. 'Beimratecha' is the prepositional phrase meaning 'in your word' or 'according to your saying'.
[PSA.119.149] My voice, listen, as your lovingkindness, Yahveh, as your judgment, revive me. [§]
Koli shimaah kechasdeka Yahveh kemishpateka chayeni.
'Koli' means 'my voice', 'shimaah' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'kechasdeka' means 'as your lovingkindness', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'kemishpateka' means 'as your judgment', and 'chayeni' means 'revive me' or 'make me live'.
[PSA.119.150] The pursuers of immorality draw near, yet they are far from your instruction. [§]
Karvu rodfei zimmah mitoratekha rachaku.
'Karvu' means 'draw near' (imperative plural), 'rodfei' means 'pursuers of' or 'those who chase', 'zimmah' means 'illicit sexual immorality' (often rendered as 'fornication' or 'adultery'), 'mitoratekha' means 'from your instruction' (mit- = from, Torah = law/instruction, -kha = your), 'rachaku' means 'they are far' or 'far away'.
[PSA.119.151] You are near, Yahveh, and all your commandments are true. [§]
Karohv ahtah Yahveh ve-khol mitzvoh-teh-khah eh-met.
'Karohv' means 'near', 'ahtah' means 'you (singular)', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've-khol' means 'and all', 'mitzvoh-teh-khah' means 'your commandments', 'eh-met' means 'truth' or 'true'.
[PSA.119.152] Long ago I have known your testimonies, for you have established them forever. [§]
Qedem yadati me'idotecha ki le'olam yesadetam.
'Qedem' means 'long ago' or 'before'; 'yadati' means 'I have known'; 'me'idotecha' means 'your testimonies' (literally 'from your testimonies'); 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'; 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'eternally'; 'yesadetam' means 'you established them' (verb in perfect 2nd person masculine singular).
[PSA.119.153] See my poverty and divide me, for your law I have not forgotten. [§]
Re'eh ani ve-chal'tzeni ki toratekha lo shakachti.
'Re'eh' means 'see', 'ani' means 'my poverty' or 'my affliction', 've' means 'and', 'chal'tzeni' means 'divide me' or 'cut me in two', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'toratekha' means 'your law' (torah = law, -kha = your), 'lo' means 'not', 'shakachti' means 'I have forgotten'.
[PSA.119.154] Quarrel, my conflict, and redeem me according to Yahveh's word, keep me alive. [§]
Ribah ribi uge'leni le'imratekha chayeni.
'Ribah' means 'quarrel' or 'argument'; 'ribi' means 'my quarrel' or 'my conflict'; 'uge'leni' means 'and redeem me'; 'le'imratekha' means 'according to your word' (the word of Yahveh); 'chayeni' means 'keep me alive' or 'grant me life'.
[PSA.119.155] Salvation is far from the wicked, because they have not sought your statutes. [§]
Rachok mereshachim yeshuah ki hukkeikha lo darashu.
'Rachok' means 'far' or 'distant', 'mereshachim' means 'from the wicked', 'yeshuah' means 'salvation', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'hukkeikha' means 'your statutes' (the laws of the LORD), 'lo' means 'not', and 'darashu' means 'they sought' or 'they inquired'.
[PSA.119.156] Your mercies are great, Yahveh, as your judgments keep me alive. [§]
Rachamecha rabbim Yahveh k'mishpatecha chayyeni.
'Rachamecha' means 'your mercies', 'rabbim' means 'are great', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'k'' means 'as' or 'according to', 'mishpatecha' means 'your judgments', and 'chayyeni' means 'you keep me alive' or 'make me live'.
[PSA.119.157] Many are my pursuers and my enemies; from your testimonies I have not turned away. [§]
Rabbim rodefai ve-tzarai meedotekha lo natiti.
'Rabbim' means 'many', 'rodefai' means 'my pursuers', 've-tzarai' means 'and my enemies', 'meedotekha' means 'from your testimonies', 'lo' means 'not', 'natiti' means 'I have lifted' or 'I have turned'.
[PSA.119.158] I saw traitors and I will be struck, that your word they have not kept. [§]
Raiti bogdim vaetekotetah asher imratekha lo shamru.
'Raiti' means 'I saw', 'bogdim' means 'traitors', 'vaetekotetah' is a verb form meaning 'and I will be struck' (from a root that can mean to cut or strike), 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'imratekha' means 'your word', 'lo' means 'not', 'shamru' means 'they kept' or 'they obeyed'.
[PSA.119.159] See, I have loved your precepts, Yahveh, by your lovingkindness you have given me life. [§]
Reeh ki pikudecha ahavti Yahveh ke chasdecha chayeni.
'Reeh' means 'see', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'pikudecha' means 'your precepts' or 'your statutes', 'ahavti' means 'I have loved', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ke' means 'as' or 'by', 'chasdecha' means 'your lovingkindness' (literally 'your mercy'), 'chayeni' means 'you have given me life' or 'you have revived me'.
[PSA.119.160] The chief of your word is truth, and forever all judgment of your righteousness. [§]
rosh-devarcha emet u'leolam kol mishpat tzidkecha.
'rosh' means 'head' or 'chief', 'devarcha' means 'your word', 'emet' means 'truth', 'u' means 'and', 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting', 'kol' means 'all', 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'justice', 'tzidkecha' means 'your righteousness'.
[PSA.119.161] Enemies pursue me, yet your words are fear to my heart. [§]
Sarim Redafuni Chinam Umidvarekha Pachad Libi.
'Sarim' means 'enemies', 'Redafuni' means 'they pursue me', 'Chinam' means 'still' or 'even so', 'Umidvarekha' means 'and your words', 'Pachad' means 'fear', 'Libi' means 'my heart'.
[PSA.119.162] I rejoice because of your word, as one who brings out great spoil. [§]
Sas anokhi al-imratekha ke-motse shalal rav.
'Sas' means 'rejoice', 'anokhi' means 'I', 'al' means 'because of' or 'at', 'imratekha' means 'your word', 'ke' is a comparative particle meaning 'like' or 'as', 'motse' (from the root mts) means 'one who brings out' or 'extractor', 'shalal' means 'spoil, plunder', 'rav' means 'many, great'.
[PSA.119.163] I have hated falsehood and I will despise your law; I have loved. [§]
Sheker saneti va'ata'evah toratekha ahavti.
'Sheker' means 'falsehood', 'saneti' means 'I have hated', 'va\'ata'evah' means 'and I will despise', 'toratekha' means 'your law' (addressing God), 'ahavti' means 'I have loved'.
[PSA.119.164] For seven days I have praised you for your righteous judgments. [§]
Sheva bayom hilaltecha al mishpetei tzedkekha.
'Sheva' means 'seven', 'bayom' means 'day' or 'days'; together they convey 'seven days'. 'hilaltecha' means 'I have praised you', with the second person singular masculine referring to God. 'al' means 'for' or 'because of'. 'mishpetei' means 'the judgments of'. 'tzedkekha' means 'your righteousness', where 'your' is a reference to God.
[PSA.119.165] Great peace to those who love your Torah, and there is no stumbling block for them. [§]
Shalom rav le'ohavei toratecha ve ein lamo mikshol.
'Shalom' means 'peace', 'rav' means 'great' or 'abundant', 'le'ohavei' means 'to the lovers of' (le = to, ohavei = lovers), 'toratecha' means 'your Torah' (Torah = instruction, law; -techa = your), 've' means 'and', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'lamo' means 'for them', 'mikshol' means 'obstacle' or 'stumbling block'.
[PSA.119.166] I have kept for your salvation, Yahveh, and I have done your commandments. [§]
shivarti li'shuat'cha Yahveh u'mitzvoteycha asiti.
'Shivarti' means 'I have kept' (from the root shavar). 'Li' means 'to' or 'for'. 'Shuat'cha' means 'your salvation'. 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHWH. 'U' means 'and'. 'Mitzvoteycha' means 'your commandments'. 'Asiti' means 'I have done' or 'I made'.
[PSA.119.167] My soul kept your testimonies and I love them greatly. [§]
shamra nafshi edotecha va'ohavem meod.
'shamra' means 'kept', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'edotecha' means 'your testimonies', 'va' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'ohavem' means 'I love them', 'meod' means 'greatly' or 'very'.
[PSA.119.168] I have kept your statutes and your testimonies, for all my ways are before you. [§]
shamarti pkudeikha ve'edotekha ki kol-derachai negdeka.
'shamarti' means 'I have kept', 'pkudeikha' means 'your statutes', 've' means 'and', 'edotekha' means 'your testimonies', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'kol' means 'all', 'derachai' means 'my ways', 'negdeka' means 'before you' or 'in your presence'.
[PSA.119.169] May my joy draw near before you, Yahveh, according to your word, teach me. [§]
Tiqrav rinnati lefanekha Yahveh kidvarkha havineni.
'Tiqrav' means 'will draw near' or 'will approach'. 'Rinnati' means 'my song' or 'my joy'. 'Lefanekha' means 'before you' (lit. 'to your presence'). 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHWH. 'Kidvarkha' means 'according to your word' (lit. 'as your word'). 'Havineni' means 'make me understand' or 'teach me'.
[PSA.119.170] Let my petition come before you, as your word; save me. [§]
Tavo tehinnati lefanekha keimratekha hatzilleni.
'Tavo' means 'let (it) come', 'tehinnati' means 'my petition' or 'my prayer', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'keimratekha' means 'as your word', 'hatzilleni' means 'save me' or 'deliver me'.
[PSA.119.171] My lips will utter praise, because you teach me your statutes. [§]
Tabba'na sefatai tehilla ki telammedeni chukeika.
'Tabba'na' means 'my lips will answer/utter', 'sefatai' means 'my lips', 'tehilla' means 'praise', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'telammedeni' means 'you will teach me', 'chukeika' means 'your statutes' (the laws or decrees of God).
[PSA.119.172] My tongue answers your word, for all your commandments are righteousness. [§]
Ta'an le'shoni imratek ki kol-mitzvoteik tzedek.
'Ta'an' means 'answer', 'le'shoni' means 'my tongue', 'imratek' means 'your word' (referring to Yahveh), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'kol' means 'all', 'mitzvoteik' means 'your commandments' (the commands of Yahveh), 'tzedek' means 'righteousness' or 'justice'.
[PSA.119.173] May your hand be to help me, because I have chosen your statutes. [§]
Tehi-yadkha le'azreni ki pikkudeikha bacharti.
'Tehi' means 'let it be' (imperative), 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'le'azreni' means 'to help me', 'ki' means 'because', 'pikkudeikha' means 'your statutes' or 'your commands', 'bacharti' means 'I have chosen'.
[PSA.119.174] I have desired your salvation, Yahveh, and your law is my delight. [§]
Taavti lishuatecha Yahveh ve-toratecha shaashuai.
'Taavti' means 'I have desired', 'lishuatecha' means 'your salvation', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 've-toratecha' means 'and your law' or 'and your teaching', 'shaashuai' means 'my delight' or 'my joy'.
[PSA.119.175] Revive my soul that I may praise you, and your judgment will help me. [§]
Techi napshi, u-tehallelka, u-mishpateka ya'azreini.
'Techi' means 'revive', 'napshi' means 'my soul'; 'u-tehallelka' means 'and I will praise you'; 'u-mishpateka' means 'and your judgment'; 'ya'azreini' means 'will help me'.
[PSA.119.176] I have gone astray like a ram that is lost seeking your servant, for I have not forgotten your commandments. [§]
ta'iti ke'she oved baqesh avdecha ki mitzvoteicha lo shachti
'ta'iti' means 'I have gone astray', 'ke'she' means 'like a ram', 'oved' means 'lost', 'baqesh' means 'seeking', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'mitzvoteicha' means 'your commandments', 'lo' means 'not', 'shachti' means 'I have forgotten'.
PSA.120
[PSA.120.1] Song of the Ascents to Yahveh: in my distress I called, and He answered me. [§]
Shir haMa'alot el-Yahveh ba-tzaratah li karati vayaneni.
'Shir' means 'song', 'haMa'alot' means 'the ascents', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ba-tzaratah' means 'in the distress', 'li' means 'to me', 'karati' means 'I called', and 'vayaneni' means 'and He answered me'.
[PSA.120.2] Yahveh, deliver my soul from a lying lip, from a deceitful tongue. [§]
Yahveh hatzeela nafshi mi-sfat-sheker mi-lashon remiyah.
'Yahveh' is the divine name rendered as Yahveh. 'hatzeela' means 'deliver' or 'save'. 'nafshi' means 'my soul'. 'mi-' is the preposition 'from'. 'sfat' means 'lip' and 'sheker' means 'false' or 'lying', so 'sfat-sheker' is 'lying lip'. 'lashon' means 'tongue' and 'remiyah' means 'deceitful', so 'lashon remiyah' is 'deceitful tongue'.
[PSA.120.3] What will He give you, and what will He add to you, a deceitful tongue. [§]
Mah yitten lecha u-mah yossif lecha lashon remiyah.
'Mah' means 'what', 'yitten' means 'will give', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'u' means 'and', the second 'mah' also means 'what', 'yossif' means 'will add' or 'increase', the second 'lecha' again means 'to you', 'lashon' means 'tongue', and 'remiyah' means 'deceitful' or 'lying'.
[PSA.120.4] Half of the mighty wise with the bones of the dead. [§]
chitsei gibor shnunim im gachlei retamim.
'chitsei' means 'half' (construct form, 'half of'), 'gibor' means 'mighty one' or 'hero', 'shnunim' is the plural of 'shanan' meaning 'wise' so it means 'the wise', 'im' means 'with', 'gachlei' is a form of the root 'gachal' meaning 'bones' or 'remnants', thus 'gachlei' = 'bones of', and 'retamim' is a plural noun meaning 'the dead' or 'the departed'.
[PSA.120.5] Alas for me, because I have dwelt too long; I have lived among the tents of Kedar. [§]
Oyah li ki garti meshekh shakanti im ahlei kedar.
'Oyah' means 'Alas', 'li' means 'to me', 'ki' means 'because', 'garti' means 'I have dwelt', 'meshekh' means 'too long', 'shakanti' means 'I have lived', 'im' means 'with', 'ahlei' means 'the tents', 'kedar' refers to the region or people of Kedar, often understood as 'the tents of Kedar', i.e., a nomadic desert dwelling.
[PSA.120.6] My soul is greatly troubled among those who hate peace. [§]
Rabbat shachnah-la nafshi im sone shalom.
'Rabbat' means 'great' or 'abundant', 'shachnah' (from the root shakan) means 'midst' or 'inner part', '-la' is a pronoun suffix meaning 'to it/her', together 'shachnah-la' conveys 'in the midst of', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'im' means 'with' or 'among', 'sone' is the participle of 'sane' meaning 'hating', and 'shalom' means 'peace'.
[PSA.120.7] I am peace, and I will speak to them about war. [§]
Ani shalom ve-chi adaber hemmah lamilchamah.
'Ani' means 'I', 'shalom' means 'peace', 've-chi' means 'and because' or 'and that', 'adaber' means 'I will speak', 'hemmah' means 'to them' or 'them', 'lamilchamah' means 'for war' or 'about war'.
PSA.121
[PSA.121.1] Song for the ascents: I will lift my eyes to the mountains, from where will my help come. [§]
Shir lamma'alot esa einay el ha-harim me'eyn yavo ezri.
'Shir' means 'song', 'lamma'alot' means 'for the ascents' or 'to the uplifts', 'esa' means 'I will lift', 'einay' means 'my eyes', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-harim' means 'the mountains', 'me'eyn' means 'from where', 'yavo' means 'will come', 'ezri' means 'my help'.
[PSA.121.2] My help from Yahveh, who makes heaven and earth. [§]
Ezri me'im Yahveh oseh shamayim vaaretz.
'Ezri' means 'my help', 'me'im' means 'from', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'oseh' means 'who makes', 'shamayim' means 'heaven(s)', 'vaaretz' means 'and earth'.
[PSA.121.3] Do not let your foot be slipped; do not let your keeper slumber. [§]
Al-yitten lamot raglecha al-yanoom shomercha.
'Al' means 'do not', 'yitten' means 'let [it] give' or 'allow', 'lamot' means 'to slip' or 'to be moved', 'raglecha' means 'your foot', 'al' again means 'do not', 'yanoom' means 'slumber' or 'sleep', 'shomercha' means 'your keeper' or 'your guard'.
[PSA.121.4] Behold, the one who does not slumber nor sleep, the Keeper of Israel. [§]
Hineh lo-yanum ve-lo yishan shomer Yisrael.
'Hineh' means 'behold' or 'see', 'lo-yanum' means 'shall not slumber' (lo = not, yanum = slumber), 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yishan' means 'sleep', 'shomer' means 'keeper' or 'watcher', and 'Yisrael' means 'Israel' (the people of Israel). The phrase together identifies the one who watches over Israel as never sleeping.
[PSA.121.5] Yahveh your keeper; Yahveh your shade on your right hand. [§]
Yahveh shomercha Yahveh tzilcha al yad yemincha.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, the personal name of God. 'shomercha' means 'your keeper' or 'who watches over you'. 'tzilcha' means 'your shade' or 'protective shadow'. 'al' means 'on' or 'upon'. 'yad' means 'hand'. 'yemincha' is a compound of 'yemin' (right) and the suffix '-cha' (your), meaning 'your right hand'. The verse poetically assures divine protection and shelter.
[PSA.121.6] By day the sun does not strike, and the moon is in the night. [§]
Yomam hashmesh lo yakekha veyareach balaila.
'Yomam' means 'by day' or 'daytime', 'hashmesh' means 'the sun', 'lo' means 'not', 'yakekha' is a future verb meaning 'will strike' or 'will beat', 'veyareach' means 'and the moon', 'balaila' means 'in the night'.
[PSA.121.7] Yahveh will keep you from all evil, He will keep your soul. [§]
Yahveh yishmerecha mikol ra yishmor et nafshecha.
'Yahveh' means the divine name YHWH, 'yishmerecha' means 'will keep you', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'ra' means 'evil', 'yishmor' means 'will keep', 'et' is a grammatical particle with no English equivalent, 'nafshecha' means 'your soul'.
[PSA.121.8] Yahveh will keep your going out and your coming in from now and forever. [§]
Yahveh yishmar tsetcha uvocha meata vead olam.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'yishmar' means 'will keep' or 'will protect'. 'tsetcha' means 'your going out' or 'your departure'. 'uvocha' means 'and your coming in' or 'your return'. 'meata' means 'from now' or 'from this time onward'. 'vead' means 'and forever'. 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'eternity'.
PSA.122
[PSA.122.1] Song of the Ascents of David. I was glad when they said to me, Let us go into the house of Yahveh. [§]
Shir ha-Ma'alot le-David Samachti be-omerim li beit Yahveh neilech.
'Shir' means 'song', 'ha-Ma'alot' means 'the ascents' (songs sung by pilgrims climbing to Jerusalem), 'le-David' means 'of David' indicating authorship. 'Samachti' means 'I was glad', 'be-omerim' means 'when they said', 'li' means 'to me', 'beit' means 'the house', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, and 'neilech' means 'let us go' (imperative plural).
[PSA.122.2] Our feet were standing in your gates, Jerusalem. [§]
omdot hayu ragleinu bishesarayich yerushalem
'omdot' means 'stood', 'hayu' means 'were', 'ragleinu' means 'our feet', 'bishesarayich' means 'in your gates', 'yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem'.
[PSA.122.3] Jerusalem, the built, like a city that is joined together. [§]
Yerushalayim habenuyah ke'ir shechubrah-lah yahdav.
'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem'; 'habenuyah' means 'the built' (a feminine noun referring to a city); 'ke'ir' means 'like a city' or 'as a city'; 'shechubrah' means 'that is joined' or 'that is bound'; '-lah' is a suffix meaning 'to it' referring to the city; 'yahdav' means 'together'. The phrase depicts Jerusalem as a constructed place that resembles a city which is joined together.
[PSA.122.4] There the tribes of YaH are a testimony to Israel to give thanks to the name Yahveh. [§]
shesam alu shevatim shivtei-YaH edut leYisrael lehodot leshem Yahveh.
'shesam' means 'there', 'alu' means 'they went up' or 'rose', 'shevatim' means 'tribes', 'shivtei-YaH' means 'the tribes of YaH' (YaH being a short poetic form of the divine name YHVH, rendered here as YaH), 'edut' means 'testimony' or 'witness', 'leYisrael' means 'to Israel', 'lehodot' means 'to give thanks', 'leshem' means 'to the name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.122.5] Because there they have set thrones for judgment, thrones for the house of David. [§]
Ki shammah yashvu kisot lemispat, kisot lebeit David.
'Ki' means 'because', 'shammah' means 'there', 'yashvu' means 'they have sat' or 'they have been placed', 'kisot' means 'thrones', 'le-mishpat' means 'for judgment', 'le-beit David' means 'to the house of David' (i.e., belonging to the house of David).
[PSA.122.6] Ask for peace, Jerusalem; they shall be at peace, your lovers. [§]
Shaalu shalom Yerushalem yishlau ohevaich.
'Shaalu' means 'ask' (imperative plural), 'shalom' means 'peace', 'Yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem', 'yishlau' means 'they shall be at peace' (future third person plural of the verb for peace), 'ohevaich' means 'your lovers' (plural noun 'lovers' with the feminine singular possessive suffix 'your').
[PSA.122.7] Let peace be within your walls, and prosperity within your towers. [§]
Yehi shalom becheilekh shalvah bearmenotaykh.
'Yehi' means 'let it be', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'becheilekh' means 'in your strength' (often understood as 'within your walls'), 'shalvah' means 'prosperity' or 'tranquility', 'bearmenotaykh' means 'in your palaces or towers'.
[PSA.122.8] For the sake of my brother and my friend, let me speak peace to you. [§]
Le-ma'an achai ve-re'ay adabberah-na shalom bakh.
'Le-ma'an' means 'for the sake of', 'achai' means 'my brother', 've-re'ay' means 'and my friend', 'adabberah-na' means 'let me speak' or 'I will speak, please', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'bakh' means 'to you' or 'with you'.
[PSA.122.9] For the sake of the house of Yahveh our God, I will ask good for you. [§]
Lema'an beit Yahveh Eloheinu avaksah tov lakh.
'Lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Eloheinu' means 'our God', 'avaksah' means 'I will ask' or 'I will seek', 'tov' means 'good', 'lakh' means 'to you' (feminine singular).
PSA.123
[PSA.123.1] Song of the ascents, to you I have lifted my eyes, the One who dwells in the heavens. [§]
Shir ha-ma'alot eleikha nasati et einai ha-yoshevi ba-shamayim.
'Shir' means 'song', 'ha-ma'alot' means 'of the ascents', 'eleikha' means 'to you' (addressing God), 'nasati' means 'I have lifted', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'einai' means 'my eyes', 'ha-yoshevi' means 'the one who dwells or sits', 'ba-shamayim' means 'in the heavens'.
[PSA.123.2] Behold, as the eyes of servants look toward the hand of their masters, as the eyes of a maid toward the hand of her mistress, so our eyes look toward Yahveh our God until He have mercy upon us. [§]
Hineh ke'eynei avadim el-yad adonaihem ke'eynei shifchah el-yad gevirtah ken einenu el-Yahveh Eloheinu ad sheyachaneinu.
'Hineh' means 'Behold', 'ke'eynei' means 'as the eyes of', 'avadim' means 'servants', 'el-yad' means 'to the hand of', 'adonaihem' means 'their masters' (Adonai = my Lord), 'shifchah' means 'maid', 'gevirtah' means 'her mistress', 'ken' means 'so', 'einenu' means 'our eyes', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'Eloheinu' means 'our God' (Elohim = the Gods, but in singular context), 'ad' means 'until', 'sheyachaneinu' means 'He have mercy upon us'.
[PSA.123.3] Have mercy on us, Yahveh, have mercy on us, for we are greatly filled with contempt. [§]
chanenu yahveh chanenu ki rav sabanu buz.
'chanenu' means 'have mercy on us', 'yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, the divine name, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'rav' means 'greatly' or 'much', 'sabanu' comes from the root 'saba' meaning 'to be sated, to be full', here it conveys 'we have become full', and 'buz' means 'contempt' or 'scorn'.
[PSA.123.4] Great satiety for her, our soul, the mockery, the lilies, the contempt for the proud. [§]
Rabbat shav'ah-la nafshenu ha-la'ag ha-sha'ananim ha-buz li-ge'yonim.
'Rabbat' means 'great' or 'abundant'. 'Shav'ah-la' means 'satiety for her' (shav'ah = fullness, -la = to her). 'Nafshenu' means 'our soul' (nafesh = soul, -enu = our). 'Ha-la'ag' means 'the mockery' (la'ag = mockery). 'Ha-sha'ananim' means 'the lilies' (sha'ananim = lilies). 'Ha-buz' means 'the contempt' or 'the scorn' (buz = contempt). 'Li-ge'yonim' means 'for the proud' (ge'yonim = proud, li- = for).
PSA.124
[PSA.124.1] Song of the Ascents of David, unless Yahveh that was for us, please say, Israel. [§]
Shir ha-ma'alot leDavid lulei Yahveh shehayah lanu yomar na Yisrael.
'Shir' means 'song', 'ha-ma'alot' means 'the ascents', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (or 'by David'), 'lulei' means 'unless' or 'if not', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'shehayah' means 'that was', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'yomar' means 'he will say', '-na' is a polite particle meaning 'please', 'Yisrael' is the name 'Israel'.
[PSA.124.2] If not Yahveh, who would have been for us when we rise, man. [§]
lulei yahveh shehayah lanu bekum alenu adam.
'lulei' means 'if not', 'yahveh' is the literal name of the LORD, 'shehayah' means 'that would have been', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'bekum' means 'when we rise' or 'at our rising', 'alenu' means 'upon us' or 'for us', 'adam' means 'man' (addressing humanity).
[PSA.124.3] Then life, they have devoured us, in the bitterness of their mouths we have built. [§]
Azai chayyim be-la'nu ba'charot afam banu.
'Azai' means 'then' or 'therefore', 'chayyim' means 'life', 'be-la'nu' (b'la'nu) is from the root l‑ʿ‑n meaning 'to devour' and here conveys 'they have devoured us', 'ba'charot' (ba'charot) comes from the root charah meaning 'bitter' and is rendered as 'in bitterness', 'afam' means 'their mouths', and 'banu' means 'we have built' or 'we have made'.
[PSA.124.4] When the waters swept us, a stream passed over our souls. [§]
Azai ha-mayim shtfanu nachla avar al-nafshenu.
'Azai' means 'when', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters', 'shtfanu' means 'swept us' (from the verb sh-t-f meaning to wash or sweep), 'nachla' means 'a stream' or 'torrent', 'avar' means 'passed', 'al' means 'over', 'nafshenu' means 'our souls'.
[PSA.124.5] Then the waters that overflowed passed over our souls. [§]
Azai avar al-napseinu hamayim hazeydonim.
'Azai' means 'then' or 'now', 'avar' means 'passed' or 'went over', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'napseinu' means 'our soul' (collectively 'our souls'), 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'hazeydonim' means 'the overflowing' (plural, indicating excess or surge).
[PSA.124.6] Blessed is Yahveh who has not given us a portion for their teeth. [§]
Baruch Yahveh shelo notanu terf leshinehem.
'Baruch' means 'Blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'shelo' means 'who has not', 'notanu' means 'given us' (past tense), 'terf' means 'a portion' or 'share', and 'lishinehem' means 'to their teeth' (literally 'for their teeth').
[PSA.124.7] Our soul, like a bird, escaped from a snare of traps; the snare is broken and we have been saved. [§]
nafsheinu ke tzippor nimelta mi pach yokshim ha pach nishbar va anachnu nimlatnu.
'nafsheinu' means 'our soul', 'ke' means 'like', 'tzippor' means 'bird', 'nimelta' means 'escaped' or 'fled', 'mi' means 'from', 'pach' means 'snare' or 'trap', 'yokshim' means 'traps' (plural), 'ha' is the definite article 'the', the second 'pach' again means 'snare', 'nishbar' means 'is broken', 'va' means 'and', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'nimlatnu' means 'we have escaped' or 'we have been saved'.
[PSA.124.8] Help us in the name of Yahveh, who made heaven and earth. [§]
Ezrenu be-shem Yahveh oseh shamayim vaaretz.
'Ezrenu' means 'Help us', 'be-shem' means 'in the name (of)', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'oseh' means 'who makes' or 'who made', 'shamayim' means 'heaven', 'vaaretz' means 'and earth'.
PSA.125
[PSA.125.1] Song of the ascents, those who trust in Yahveh are like the mountain of Zion; it shall not be moved, forever it will remain. [§]
Shir ha-ma'alot ha-botchim baYahveh ke-har Tziyon lo yimot le-olam yeshab.
'Shir' means 'song', 'ha-ma'alot' means 'the ascents', 'ha-botchim' means 'the trusting (those who trust)', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'ke-har' means 'like the mountain', 'Tziyon' means 'Zion', 'lo' means 'not', 'yimot' means 'shall be moved', 'le-olam' means 'forever', 'yeshab' means 'will remain' or 'will dwell'.
[PSA.125.2] Jerusalem the hills around it and Yahveh around his people from now and forever. [§]
Yerushalayim ha-ramim saviv lah vYahveh saviv leammo meatah vead olam.
'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'ha-ramim' means 'the hills', 'saviv' means 'around', 'lah' means 'to it', 'vYahveh' means 'and Yahveh' (YHVH translated as 'Yahveh'), 'saviv' again means 'around', 'leammo' means 'to his people', 'meatah' means 'from now', 'vead olam' means 'and forever'.
[PSA.125.3] Because the rod of the wicked will not cease upon the lot of the righteous, so that the righteous will not send their hands in injustice. [§]
Ki lo yanuch shevet hareshah al goral ha-tzadikim lemaan lo-yishlu ha-tzadikim beavlah yedeihem.
'Ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yanuch' means 'will cease' or 'rest', 'shevet' means 'rod' or 'scepter', 'hareshah' means 'the wicked' (literally 'the evildoer'), 'al' means 'upon', 'goral' means 'lot' or 'destiny', 'ha-tzadikim' means 'the righteous', 'lemaan' means 'in order that' or 'so that', 'lo-yishlu' means 'they will not send', 'beavlah' means 'in injustice' or 'by fraud', 'yedeihem' means 'their hands'.
[PSA.125.4] Yahveh does good to the good and to the upright in their hearts. [§]
Heityvah Yahveh latovim ve leisharim be livotam.
'Heityvah' means 'does good', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'latovim' means 'to the good (people)', 've' means 'and', 'leisharim' means 'to the upright', 'be livotam' means 'in their hearts'.
[PSA.125.5] And those who plot their schemes, Yahveh will guide the workers of iniquity, peace upon Israel. [§]
veha mattim akalkalotam yolihem Yahveh et poalei haaven shalom al Yisrael.
'veha' means 'and the', 'mattim' means 'those who plot' or 'schemers', 'akalkalotam' means 'their schemes' or 'their deceit', 'yolihem' means 'will lead' or 'will guide', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is a direct object marker, 'poalei' means 'workers' or 'doers', 'haaven' means 'the iniquity' or 'wickedness', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'al' means 'upon', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
PSA.126
[PSA.126.1] Song of ascents. When Yahveh restored Zion, we were like dreamers. [§]
Shir ha-ma'alot be-shuv Yahveh et-shivat Tziyon hayinu kecholemim.
'Shir' means 'song', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'ma'alot' means 'ascents' (or 'steps'), together 'Shir ha-ma'alot' = 'Song of ascents'. 'be' is a preposition meaning 'when' or 'in the event that', 'shuv' means 'returns' or 'turns back', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the divine name. 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no English equivalent). 'shivat' means 'the return' or 'the restoration', from the root 'shuv' meaning 'return'. 'Tziyon' is the literal name for 'Zion', the city of Jerusalem. 'hayinu' means 'we were'. 'ke' is a comparative particle meaning 'like' or 'as', and 'cholemim' (cholemim) means 'dreamers' or 'those who dream'.
[PSA.126.2] Then my mouth will be filled with laughter and our tongue with song. Then the nations will say, "Yahveh has magnified his deeds concerning these." [§]
Az yimmale s'khok pinu uleshoneinu rinah az yomru bagoyim higgil Yahveh la'asot im eleh.
'Az' means 'then'; 'yimmale' means 'will be filled'; 's'khok' means 'laughter'; 'pinu' means 'my mouth'; 'uleshoneinu' means 'and our tongue'; 'rinah' means 'with singing' or 'song'; 'yomru' means 'they will say'; 'bagoyim' means 'among the nations'; 'higgil' means 'has magnified' or 'has greatly increased'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH; 'la'asot' means 'to do' or 'to act'; 'im' means 'with' or 'concerning'; 'eleh' means 'these'. The verse therefore speaks of joy filling the speaker’s mouth and tongue, followed by the nations proclaiming that Yahveh has performed great deeds concerning these people.
[PSA.126.3] Yahveh has magnified (made great) toward us; we are glad. [§]
Higdil Yahveh la'asot imanu hayinu smechim.
'Higdil' means 'has magnified' or 'has made great'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'la'asot' means 'to do' or 'for the purpose of doing'. 'imanu' means 'with us' or 'toward us'. 'hayinu' means 'we are' or 'we have become'. 'smechim' means 'glad' or 'joyful'.
[PSA.126.4] Return, Yahveh, our captivity like the dew of the west. [§]
Shuvah Yahveh et-shevitenu ka'afikim banegev.
'Shuvah' means 'return' (imperative), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'shevitenu' means 'our captivity' or 'our exiles', 'ka'afikim' means 'like the dew', and 'banegev' means 'in the west' or 'of the west'.
[PSA.126.5] The sowers with tears, with rejoicing, will reap. [§]
Ha-zorei'im be-dima'ah be-rinnah yiktzoru.
'Ha' means 'the', 'zorei'im' means 'sowers', 'be-dima'ah' means 'with tears', 'be-rinnah' means 'with song' or 'with rejoicing', 'yiktzoru' means 'they will reap'.
[PSA.126.6] The one who walks will go, and weeping bearing the load of the seed, he will come and return with a shout, bearing his gifts. [§]
Ha-lokh ye-lekh u-va-ko no-seh me-shek ha-za-ra bo-ya-vo be-ri-nah no-seh a-lu-mo-tav.
'Ha-lokh' means 'the one who walks/going', 'ye-lekh' means 'will go', 'u-va-ko' means 'and weeping', 'no-seh' means 'bearing', 'me-shek' means 'the load', 'ha-za-ra' means 'of the seed', 'bo-ya-vo' means 'he will come and return', 'be-ri-nah' means 'with a shout/joyful cry', 'no-seh' again means 'bearing', 'a-lu-mo-tav' means 'his gifts/offerings'.
PSA.127
[PSA.127.1] Song of the Ascents to Solomon. If Yahveh does not build a house, its builders labor in vain; if Yahveh does not guard a city, the watchman stays awake in vain. [§]
Shir ha Ma'alot li Shlomo im Yahveh lo yivne bayit shav amlu bonav bo im Yahveh lo yishmar ir shav shakad shomer.
'Shir' means 'song', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'Ma'alot' means 'ascents' (a collection of psalms), 'li' means 'to', 'Shlomo' is the name 'Solomon', 'im' means 'if', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'lo' means 'not', 'yivne' means 'builds', 'bayit' means 'house', 'shav' means 'in vain', 'amlu' means 'they labor', 'bonav' means 'its builders', 'bo' means 'in it', 'yishmar' means 'guards', 'ir' means 'city', 'shak' (here 'shakad') means 'watchman', 'shomer' means 'who watches/keeps guard'.
[PSA.127.2] Foolishness to you, those who awaken after sleep, who eat the bread of the grasses, so he will give his beloved sleep. [§]
shav lachem mashkimei kum meacharei-shevet okhlei lechem haatzavim ken yiten li-yedido shena.
'shav' means 'foolishness' or 'vanity', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'mashkimei' means 'those who awaken', 'kum' means 'to rise', 'meacharei-shevet' means 'after sleep', 'okhlei' means 'those who eat', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'haatzavim' means 'the grasses' (or 'the weeds'), 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', 'yiten' means 'he will give', 'li-yedido' means 'to his beloved', 'shena' means 'sleep'.
[PSA.127.3] Behold the inheritance of Yahveh, sons are a reward, the fruit of the womb. [§]
Hinneh Nachalat Yahveh Banim Sachar Pri HaBaten.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'Nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'Banim' means 'sons', 'Sachar' means 'reward', 'Pri' means 'fruit', 'Ha' is the definite article 'the', and 'Baten' means 'womb'.
[PSA.127.4] Like spears in the hand of a mighty man, so are the sons of the youths. [§]
kechitzim be yad gibbor ken b'nei ha-neurim.
'kechitzim' means 'like spears' (or sharp points), 'be yad' means 'in the hand of', 'gibbor' means 'a mighty man' or 'warrior', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'ha-neurim' means 'the youths' (young men).
[PSA.127.5] Blessed is the man who fills his ash‑pile from them; it shall not become dry, because they will speak of enemies at the gate. [§]
Ashrei ha-gever asher mil'eh et-ashpato me-hem lo yevoshu ki yedabru et-oyvim ba-sha'ar.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'happy', 'ha-gever' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'mil'eh' means 'fills', 'et-ashpato' means 'his ash-pile' (ashpah = waste, ash = ash), 'me-hem' means 'from them', 'lo' means 'not', 'yevoshú' means 'will become dry', 'ki' means 'because', 'yedabru' means 'they will speak', 'et-oyvim' means 'the enemies', 'ba-sha'ar' means 'at the gate'.
PSA.128
[PSA.128.1] Song of Ascents: Blessed is every one who fears Yahveh, the one who walks in his ways. [§]
Shir ha-ma'alot ashrei kol-yere Yahveh ha-holekh bi-drakhav.
'Shir' means 'song', 'ha-ma'alot' means 'the ascents', together the title 'Song of Ascents'. 'Ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'happy'. 'Kol' means 'every' or 'all'. 'Yere' is the verb root for 'fear', here 'yere' means 'who fear'. 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH. 'Ha-holekh' means 'the one who walks'. 'Bi-drakhav' means 'in his ways' (literally 'in his paths').
[PSA.128.2] May your hand reach, for you will eat your happiness and it will be good to you. [§]
yegia kappaykha ki toechel ashrecha ve tov lakh.
'yegia' means 'will reach', 'kappaykha' means 'your hand(s)', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'toechel' means 'you will eat', 'ashrecha' means 'your happiness' or 'your good', 've' means 'and', 'tov' means 'good', 'lakh' means 'to you'.
[PSA.128.3] Your wife is like a fruitful vine in the corners of your house; your children are like olive seedlings surrounding your table. [§]
Eshetkha kegefen poriyah beyarketei veiteka banekha kishtelei zeytim saviv leshulchanecha.
'Eshetkha' means 'your wife', 'kegefen' means 'like a vine', 'poriyah' means 'fruitful' or 'bearing fruit', 'beyarketei' means 'in the corners/edges', 'veiteka' means 'of your house', 'banekha' means 'your children', 'kishtelei' means 'like the plantings' or 'like seedlings', 'zeytim' means 'olives' (olive trees), 'saviv' means 'around' or 'surrounding', 'leshulchanecha' means 'to your table' or 'on your banquet table'.
[PSA.128.4] Behold, for indeed a man who fears Yahveh will be blessed. [§]
Hinneh ki-ken yevo'rach gaver y'reh Yahveh.
'Hinneh' means 'behold', 'ki-ken' means 'for indeed' or 'that indeed', 'yevo'rach' means 'will bless' (future tense of bless), 'gever' means 'a man', 'y'reh' means 'who fears', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[PSA.128.5] May Yahveh bless you from Zion, and may you see the goodness of Jerusalem all the days of your life. [§]
Yevarekhcha Yahveh miTzion u-re'eh be-tov Yerushalayim kol yemei chayekha.
'Yevarekhcha' means 'He will bless you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the Divine Name YHWH, 'miTzion' means 'from Zion', 'u-re'eh' means 'and see', 'be-tov' means 'in goodness', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'chayekha' means 'your life'.
[PSA.128.6] And see, grandchildren, peace upon Israel. [§]
ure'eh banim levanekha shalom al yisrael.
'ure'eh' means 'and see', 'banim' means 'sons' or 'children', 'levanekha' means 'to your sons' (literally 'to your children'), together 'banim levanekha' conveys the idea of 'grandchildren' or 'your offspring', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'al' means 'upon', and 'yisrael' means 'Israel'.
PSA.129
[PSA.129.1] Song of ascents. My great distress from my youth, please let Israel say. [§]
Shir ha-maalot rabbah tzeraruni min-neurai yomar na Yisrael.
'Shir' means 'song', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'maalot' means 'ascents' (songs sung on the way up), 'rabbah' means 'great' or 'much', 'tzeraruni' means 'my distress' or 'my anguish', 'min' means 'from', 'neurai' means 'my youth', 'yomar' means 'let say' or 'may say', 'na' is a particle of entreaty meaning 'please', 'Yisrael' is the proper name Israel.
[PSA.129.2] Much distress has been upon me from my youth, even they could not for me. [§]
Rabbat tzararuni min-neurai gam lo yaklu li.
'Rabbat' means 'great' or 'much'; 'tzararuni' means 'they have caused distress to me' (tzarar = distress, -uni = to me); 'min-neurai' means 'from my youth'; 'gam' means 'also' or 'even'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'yaklu' means 'they could'; 'li' means 'for me' or 'to me'.
[PSA.129.3] Upon my back the mute have become mute, they have prolonged for their answer. [§]
Al-gavi charshu chorshim he'erichu lema'anotam.
'Al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'gavi' means 'my back', 'charshu' means 'they have become mute or deaf', 'chorshim' means 'the mute or deaf (plural)', 'he'erichu' means 'they have prolonged or lengthened', 'lema'anotam' means 'for their answer(s)'.
[PSA.129.4] Yahveh the righteous cuts off the fathers of the wicked. [§]
Yahveh tsaddik kitsetz avot reshaim.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'tsaddik' means 'righteous' or 'the righteous one'. 'kitsetz' means 'cuts off' or 'cuts down'. 'avot' means 'fathers' (ancestral forebears). 'reshaim' means 'the wicked' or 'wicked ones'. The phrase therefore says that the righteous Yahveh cuts off the fathers of the wicked.
[PSA.129.5] They shall be ashamed and confounded, all the haters of Zion. [§]
Yevoshu veyisogu achar kol sonei Tzion.
'Yevoshu' means 'they will be ashamed', 'veyisogu' means 'and they will be confounded or turned aside', 'achar' means 'back' or 'behind', 'kol' means 'all', 'sonei' means 'haters of', 'Tzion' means 'Zion'.
[PSA.129.6] They shall be like thatch roofs that are dry. [§]
Yihyu kahatzir gagot shekadm at shalaf yavesh.
'Yihyu' means 'they shall be', 'kahatzir' means 'like a thatch', 'gagot' means 'roofs', 'shekadm at' means 'that is before' or 'that is in front of', 'shalaf' means 'dry', 'yavesh' means 'dry'.
[PSA.129.7] It is not full; his hand gathers the harvest and his share is bitter. [§]
Shelo mille kappo kotzer vechitzno meamer.
'Shelo' means 'not' or 'it is not'. 'Mille' means 'full' or 'filled'. 'Kappo' means 'his hand' or 'his palm'. 'Kotzer' means 'harvest' or 'reaper'. 'Vechitzno' means 'and his portion' or 'and his share'. 'Meamer' means 'bitter' or 'causing bitterness'.
[PSA.129.8] And they did not say, 'the blessing of Yahveh to you'; we blessed you in the name of Yahveh. [§]
Ve'lo amru ha'ovrim birkat Yahveh aleichem berachnu etchem b'shem Yahveh.
'Ve'lo' means 'and not', 'amru' means 'they said', 'ha'ovrim' means 'the passing ones', 'birkat' means 'blessing of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'aleichem' means 'to you (plural)', 'berachnu' means 'we blessed', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'b'shem' means 'in the name of', and the final 'Yahveh' again translates YHVH.
PSA.130
[PSA.130.1] Song of Ascents from the depths I called you Yahveh. [§]
Shir haMa'alot mi-maamakim karaticha Yahveh.
'Shir' means 'song', 'haMa'alot' means 'of the ascents' (the ascent songs), 'mi' means 'from', 'maamakim' means 'depths', 'karaticha' means 'I called you' (first person singular imperfect with a direct object suffix), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.130.2] my Lord hear my voice, let your ears be attentive to the sound of my pleas. [§]
Adonai shimea beqoli tiheyena oznecha kashuvot leqol tachanunai.
'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'shimea' means 'hear', 'beqoli' means 'my voice', 'tiheyena' means 'let them be', 'oznecha' means 'your ears', 'kashuvot' means 'attentive/quick to listen', 'leqol' means 'to the sound', 'tachanunai' means 'of my pleas'.
[PSA.130.3] If sins you keep, Yah, my Lord, who will stand. [§]
Im avonot tishmar yah Adonai mi ya'amod.
'Im' means 'if', 'avonot' means 'sins', 'tishmar' means 'you keep/guard', 'yah' is the short form of the divine name YHVH and is rendered as 'Yah', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'mi' means 'who', 'ya'amod' means 'will stand'.
[PSA.130.4] For forgiveness is with you, in order that you may be seen. [§]
Ki-immecha ha-selichah lemaan tiware.
'Ki' means 'for', 'immecha' means 'with you', 'ha-selichah' means 'the forgiveness', 'lemaan' means 'for the purpose of' or 'in order that', 'tiware' is a verb meaning 'you will be seen' or 'you may be seen'.
[PSA.130.5] I waited for Yahveh, my soul waited, and I have hoped in his word. [§]
Kiviti Yahveh kivta nafshi ve-ldvaro hochulti.
'Kiviti' means 'I waited' or 'I hoped', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'kivta' means 'wait' (imperative or verb form), 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 've-ldvaro' means 'and to his word' (ve = and, l = to, dvaro = his word), 'hochulti' means 'I have hoped' or 'I have placed my hope'.
[PSA.130.6] My soul to my Lord, from the morning watch, watchmen of the morning. [§]
Nafshi laAdoni mishomrim laboker shomrim laboker.
'Nafshi' means 'my soul', 'laAdoni' means 'to my Lord' (Adonai is rendered as 'my Lord'), 'mishomrim' means 'from the watchmen/guards', 'laboker' means 'of the morning' or 'in the morning', 'shomrim' means 'watchmen/guards', and the second 'laboker' repeats the same meaning.
[PSA.130.7] Israel longs to Yahveh because with Yahveh is the lovingkindness and many with him redemption. [§]
Ya-chel Yis-ra-el el-Yahveh ki im-Yahveh ha-chesed ve-harbeh im-mo pe-doot.
'Ya-chel' means 'longs', 'Yis-ra-el' means 'Israel', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'with', the second 'Yahveh' again refers to the divine name, 'ha-chesed' means 'the lovingkindness', 've' means 'and', 'harbeh' means 'many', 'im-mo' means 'with him', and 'pe-doot' means 'redemption'.
[PSA.130.8] And he will redeem Israel from all his sins. [§]
vehu yipdeh et Yisrael mikol avonotav.
've' means 'and', 'hu' means 'he', 'yipdeh' means 'will redeem', 'et' is a grammatical marker for a direct object (not translated), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'avonotav' means 'his sins'.
PSA.131
[PSA.131.1] Song of the Ascents of David. Yahveh not exalted my heart and not lifted my eyes and I did not walk in great things and in wonders from me. [§]
shir ha-ma'alot le-David Yahveh lo-gavah libi ve-lo-ramu einay ve-lo-hilakti bigdolot u-ve-niflaot mimeni.
"shir" means "song", "ha-ma'alot" means "the ascents", "le-David" means "of David", "Yahveh" is the literal name for YHVH, "lo" means "not", "gavah" means "raised" or "exalted", "libi" means "my heart", "ve-lo" means "and not", "ramu" means "raised" or "lifted", "einay" means "my eyes", "ve-lo" again means "and not", "hilakti" means "I have walked", "bigdolot" means "in great things" or "in lofty matters", "u-ve-niflaot" means "and in wonders", "mimeni" means "from me" or "by me".
[PSA.131.2] If I have not weighed and kept silent my soul like a heap upon its mother, like a heap upon me my soul. [§]
im lo shiviti ve-domamti nafshi ke-gamul aley immo ka-gamul alai nafshi.
'im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'shiviti' means 'I have weighed' or 'I have measured', 've-domamti' means 'and I have kept silent', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'ke-gamul' means 'like a heap' or 'as a burden', 'aley' means 'upon' or 'on', 'immo' means 'its mother', 'ka-gamul' means 'as a heap' again, 'alai' means 'upon me', and the final 'nafshi' repeats 'my soul'. The phrase uses a poetic simile comparing the speaker's soul to a heap or burden placed on a mother and on the speaker himself.
[PSA.131.3] May Israel hope in Yahveh from now and forever. [§]
Yachel Yisrael el Yahveh meatah vead olam.
'Yachel' means 'may hope' or 'shall hope', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'el' is a preposition meaning 'in' or 'toward', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'meatah' means 'from now' (literally 'from this time'), 'vead' means 'and forever', 'olam' means 'eternity' or 'everlasting'.
PSA.132
[PSA.132.1] Song of the Ascents. Remember Yahveh, of David, all his burdens. [§]
shir ha-ma'alot zechor Yahveh leDavid et kol unnotoh.
'shir' means 'song', 'ha-ma'alot' means 'the ascents' (the songs sung on the way up to Jerusalem), 'zechor' is the imperative verb 'remember', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'leDavid' means 'to David' or 'of David', 'et' is the direct‑object marker and is not rendered in English, 'kol' means 'all', 'unnotoh' means 'his burdens' (the burdens belonging to him).
[PSA.132.2] Who has sworn by Yahveh, an oath to the champion Jacob. [§]
asher nishba' le-Yahveh nadar la-avir Yaakov.
'asher' means 'who', 'nishba'' means 'has sworn', 'le-Yahveh' means 'by Yahveh', 'nadar' means 'made an oath', 'la-avir' means 'to the champion' (avir = champion, hero), 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob.
[PSA.132.3] If I go into the tent of my house, if I rise upon the couch of my delight. [§]
Im avo be'ohel beiti im e'eleh al eresh yetsu'ai.
'Im' means 'if', 'avo' means 'I go' or 'I enter', 'be'ohel' means 'in the tent', 'beiti' means 'of my house', the second 'im' again means 'if', 'e'eleh' means 'I ascend' or 'I rise', 'al' means 'upon', 'eresh' means 'couch' or 'bed', 'yetsu'ai' means 'my delight' (from the root meaning pleasure or enjoyment).
[PSA.132.4] If I give a year to my eyes, my eyelids will have sleep. [§]
Im eten shenat le'eynai le'afappai tenuma.
'Im' means 'if', 'eten' means 'I will give', 'shenat' means 'a year', 'le'eynai' means 'to my eyes', 'le'afappai' means 'to my eyelids', 'tenuma' means 'sleep'.
[PSA.132.5] Until I find a place for Yahveh, the dwelling places for Jacob's hero. [§]
ad-emtsa makom leYahveh mishkanot leavir Yaakov.
'ad' means 'until', 'emtsa' means 'I find', 'makom' means 'a place', 'leYahveh' means 'for Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'mishkanot' means 'dwelling places' or 'habitations', 'leavir' means 'for the hero' (abir means 'hero' or 'mighty one'), 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob' (the patriarch).
[PSA.132.6] Behold, we heard it in the dust, we found it in the forest fields. [§]
Hinneh - shma'anuha beefratah metzanuha b'sdei-yaar.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'shma'anuha' means 'we heard it', 'beefratah' means 'in the dust', 'metzanuha' means 'we found it', 'b'sdei-yaar' means 'in the fields of the forest'.
[PSA.132.7] He will be brought to his dwelling places, he bows to the red foot. [§]
Nabo'ah le-mishkenotav nish-tachaveh la-hadom raglav.
'Nabo'ah' comes from the root b-'- meaning 'to bring' and in this form means 'he will be brought' or 'he will come'. 'Le-mishkenotav' means 'to his dwelling places' (mishkenot = dwellings, -av = his). 'Nish-tachaveh' is the reflexive verb 'to bow' in the third person singular, 'he bows'. 'La-hadom' is the preposition 'to' plus 'hadom' meaning 'red' (the color of blood). 'Raglav' is 'his foot' (ragl = foot, -av = his).
[PSA.132.8] Rise Yahveh for your rest, you and the Ark of your strength. [§]
Kuma Yahveh limnuchatekh ata ve'aron uzzekha.
'Kuma' means 'rise', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'limnuchatekh' means 'for your rest', 'ata' means 'you', 've' means 'and', 'aron' means 'ark', 'uzzekha' means 'your strength'.
[PSA.132.9] Your priests will put on righteousness, and your faithful will shout for joy. [§]
Kohaneykha yilbeshu tzedek vachasidekha yerannenun.
'Kohaneykha' means 'your priests', 'yilbeshu' means 'they will put on' or 'they will clothe', 'tzedek' means 'righteousness' or 'justice', 'vachasidekha' means 'and your faithful ones' (literally 'your holy ones'), 'yerannenun' means 'they shall shout' or 'they shall rejoice'.
[PSA.132.10] For the sake of David your servant, do not turn away the face of your Messiah. [§]
Ba'avur David avdecha al-tashev p'nei meshichecha.
'Ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'David' is a proper name, 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'al-tashev' means 'do not turn away', 'p'nei' means 'the face of', 'meshichecha' means 'your Messiah'.
[PSA.132.11] Yahveh swears to David truth; he will not return from it; from the fruit of your womb I will set you on a throne. [§]
Nishba' Yahveh leDavid emet lo yashuv mimenna mipri bitnekha ashit lekhise lakh.
'Nishba'' means 'swears', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'emet' means 'truth', 'lo' means 'not', 'yashuv' means 'return', 'mimenna' means 'from it', 'mipri' means 'from the fruit', 'bitnekha' means 'of your womb', 'ashit' means 'I will set', 'lekhise' means 'to a throne', 'lakh' means 'your'.
[PSA.132.12] If they keep your children my covenant and my testimonies this I will teach them also their children forever they will sit to the throne your. [§]
im-yishmeru banecha beriti ve-edoti zo alammedem gam-b'neihem adei-ad yeshvu lekise lakh.
'im' means 'if', 'yishmeru' means 'they keep/guard', 'banecha' means 'your children', 'beriti' means 'my covenant', 've' means 'and', 'edoti' means 'my testimonies', 'zo' means 'this', 'alammedem' means 'I will teach them', 'gam' means 'also', 'b'neihem' means 'their children', 'adei-ad' means 'forever', 'yeshvu' means 'they will sit', 'lekise' means 'to the throne', 'lakh' means 'your'.
[PSA.132.13] For Yahveh has chosen Zion, its for his dwelling. [§]
ki-bachar Yahveh be-tziyon ivah lemoshav lo.
'ki' means 'for', 'bachar' means 'chose' or 'has chosen', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'be-tziyon' means 'in Zion', 'ivah' is the feminine pronoun 'its', 'lemoshav' means 'for a dwelling' or 'as a habitation', 'lo' means 'his' or 'to him'.
[PSA.132.14] This is my rest forever; here I will sit because I will cause her to die. [§]
Zot menuchati adei ad po eshev ki ivitiha.
'Zot' means 'this', 'menuchati' means 'my rest', 'adei' means 'forever', 'ad' is an intensifier meaning 'ever', together 'adei ad' emphasizes endlessness, 'po' means 'here', 'eshev' means 'I will sit', 'ki' means 'because', 'ivitiha' means 'I will cause her to die' (feminine object).
[PSA.132.15] May her righteousness be blessed; I will bless her, and I will satisfy her poverty with bread. [§]
Tseidah barekh avarekh evyonaha ashbiah lachem.
'Tseidah' means 'her righteousness', 'barekh' means 'blessed' (verb), 'avarekh' means 'I will bless', 'evyonaha' means 'her poverty', 'ashbiah' means 'I will satisfy', 'lachem' means 'with bread'.
[PSA.132.16] And her priests will clothe salvation, and her faithful will sing, they will sing. [§]
ve'khohaneyha albish yeshah va'chasideha rannen yerannen.
've' means 'and', 'khohaneyha' means 'her priests', 'albish' means 'will clothe', 'yeshah' means 'salvation', 'va' means 'and', 'chasideha' means 'her faithful ones', 'rannen' means 'sing (imperative)', 'yerannen' means 'they will sing'.
[PSA.132.17] There I will cause a horn to sprout for David; I have prepared a lamp for my anointed. [§]
Sham atzmi'ach keren leDavid arakti ner limashichi.
'Sham' means 'there', 'atzmi'ach' is the first person future form of 'to cause to sprout' meaning 'I will cause to grow', 'keren' means 'horn', 'leDavid' means 'for David', 'arakatI' means 'I have prepared' or 'I have arranged', 'ner' means 'lamp' or 'light', 'limashichi' means 'for my anointed' (the one who is anointed).
[PSA.132.18] I will clothe his enemies with shame, and a twig will sprout upon him. [§]
Oy'evav al'bish boshet ve'alaiv yatzitz nitzar.
'Oy'evav' means 'his enemies', 'al'bish' means 'I will clothe', 'boshet' means 'shame', 've'alaiv' means 'and upon him', 'yatzitz' means 'will sprout' or 'will flourish', 'nitzar' means 'a twig' or 'branch'.
PSA.133
[PSA.133.1] Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brothers to dwell together. [§]
Shir ha-ma'alot leDavid hineh mah tov u-ma na'im shevet achim gam yachad.
'Shir' means 'song', 'ha' means 'the', 'ma'alot' means 'ascents' (a term for psalms), 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'mah' means 'how', 'tov' means 'good', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', the second 'mah' means 'how' again, 'na'im' means 'pleasant', 'shevet' means 'dwelling' or 'sitting', 'achim' means 'brothers' or 'brethren', 'gam' means 'also', 'yachad' means 'together' or 'in unity'.
[PSA.133.2] Like the good oil on the head, it descends onto the elder Aaron's beard, which then flows down onto the mouth of his measures. [§]
ka-shemen ha-tov al ha-rosh yored al ha-zakan zakan Aharon she-yored al pi midotav.
'ka-shemen' means 'like the oil', 'ha-tov' means 'the good', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha-rosh' means 'the head', 'yored' means 'descends' or 'flows down', 'ha-zakan' means 'the elder' or 'the old', 'zakan Aharon' means 'the elder Aaron' (referring to Aaron's beard), 'she-yored' means 'which descends', 'pi' means 'the mouth', 'midotav' means 'of his measures' (or 'of his measures/characteristics').
[PSA.133.3] Like the dew of Hermon that descends upon the hills of Zion, because there Yahveh commanded the blessing of life forever. [§]
ke tal cheremon sheyored al-harrei tziyon ki sham tzivah Yahveh et-habrakah chayyim ad-haolam.
'ke' means 'like', 'tal' means 'dew', 'cheremon' means 'Hermon' (a mountain name), 'sheyored' means 'that descends', 'al' means 'upon', 'harrei' means 'the hills of', 'tziyon' means 'Zion', 'ki' means 'because', 'sham' means 'there', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'habrakah' means 'the blessing', 'chayyim' means 'life', 'ad' means 'until', 'haolam' means 'the world' or 'forever'.
PSA.134
[PSA.134.1] Song of ascents. Behold, bless Yahveh, all the servants of Yahveh who stand in the house of Yahveh in the night. [§]
Shir haMa'alot Hineh barchu et-Yahveh kol avdei Yahveh ha'omdim bebeit Yahveh ba'leilot.
'Shir' means 'song', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'Ma'alot' means 'ascents', 'Hineh' means 'behold', 'barchu' means 'bless' (imperative plural), 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no translation), 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'kol' means 'all', 'avdei' means 'servants of', 'ha'omdim' means 'the standing' or 'those who stand', 'bebeit' means 'in the house of', 'ba'leilot' means 'in the night'.
[PSA.134.2] Lift up your holy hands and bless Yahveh. [§]
Soo-yeh-dekhem ko-desh u-var-ku et Yahveh.
'Soo' means 'lift' or 'raise', 'yeh-dekhem' means 'your hands', 'ko-desh' means 'holy' (as an adjective describing the hands), 'u' means 'and', 'var-ku' means 'bless', 'et' is the Hebrew direct‑object marker (not translated), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[PSA.134.3] May Yahveh bless you from Zion, the Creator of heavens and earth. [§]
Yevarekhkha Yahveh miMitziyon Oseh shamayim vaaretz.
'Yevarekhkha' means 'he will bless you', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH, 'miMitziyon' means 'from Zion', 'Oseh' means 'who makes' or 'Creator', 'shamayim' means 'heaven(s)', 'vaaretz' means 'and earth'.
PSA.135
[PSA.135.1] Praise Yah, praise the name of Yahveh, praise the servants of Yahveh. [§]
Hallelu Yah hallelu et-shem Yahveh hallelu avdei Yahveh.
'Hallelu' means 'praise' (imperative plural). 'Yah' is a short form of the divine name YHWH, rendered here as the personal name Yah. 'et' is a particle marking the direct object. 'shem' means 'name'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH. 'avdei' means 'servants of' (with the construct state). 'Yahveh' again is the literal rendering of the divine name.
[PSA.135.2] Those who stand in the house of Yahveh in the courts of the house of our God. [§]
She'omdim bebeit Yahveh bechatzrot beit Eloheinu.
'She' means 'those who', 'omdim' means 'stand' (from the root 'amad' to stand), together 'She'omdim' = 'those who stand'. 'Be' is the preposition 'in', 'beit' means 'house', so 'bebeit' = 'in the house of'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'Be' again means 'in', 'chatzrot' is the plural of 'chatzar' meaning 'courtyard' or 'court', so 'bechatzrot' = 'in the courts'. 'Beit' again means 'house of', and 'Eloheinu' is 'our God' (the literal translation of 'Elohim' with the possessive suffix).
[PSA.135.3] Praise Yah! For Yahveh is good; sing to his name, for it is pleasant. [§]
Halleluyah ki tov Yahveh zammeru leshmo ki naim.
'Halleluyah' means 'praise Yah', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'tov' means 'good', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'zammeru' means 'sing', 'leshmo' means 'to his name', and 'naim' means 'pleasant'.
[PSA.135.4] Because Jacob chose Yahveh, Israel is his inheritance. [§]
kee-Ya'akov ba-khar lo Yah yis-rael lees-goo-lah-toh.
'כי' means 'because', 'יַעֲקֹב' means 'Jacob', 'בָּחַר' means 'chose', 'לו' means 'for him', 'יָהּ' is the short form of YHVH and is translated as 'Yahveh', 'יִשְׂרָאֵל' means 'Israel', 'לִסְגּוּלָה' means 'as his portion' or 'his inheritance'.
[PSA.135.5] For I know that Yahveh is great, and my Lord is above all the Gods. [§]
Ki ani yadati ki gadol Yahveh va'adoneinu mikhol elohim.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ani' means 'I', 'yadati' means 'knew' or 'I have known', 'gadol' means 'great', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'va'adoneinu' means 'and my Lord' (Adonai = my Lord, with the suffix indicating 'our' but we keep the literal name translation), 'mikhol' means 'above' or 'from all', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[PSA.135.6] All that Yahveh desires has been made in the heavens and on the earth, in the seas and in all the depths. [§]
Kol asher chafetz Yahveh asah ba-shamayim u-va-aretz ba-yamim ve-kol tehomot.
'Kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'chafetz' means 'desires' or 'wills', 'Yahveh' is the literal English rendering of YHVH, 'asah' means 'made' or 'did', 'ba-shamayim' means 'in the heavens', 'u-va-aretz' means 'and on the earth', 'ba-yamim' means 'in the seas', 've-kol' means 'and all', 'tehomot' means 'depths' or 'the deep places'.
[PSA.135.7] The lifter of carriers from the edge of the earth, lightning for the rain, made a source of wind from its storages. [§]
maaleh nsiim miketz haaretz berakim lamatar asah motze ruach meotsrotav.
'maaleh' means 'lifter' or 'one who raises', 'nsiim' means 'carriers' or 'bearers', 'miketz' means 'edge' or 'tip', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'berakim' means 'lightning', 'lamatar' means 'for the rain', 'asah' means 'made' or 'caused', 'motze' means 'produces' or 'brings forth', 'ruach' means 'wind' (or spirit), 'meotsrotav' means 'from its storages' or 'from its treasures'.
[PSA.135.8] He struck the firstborn of Egypt, from man to beast. [§]
Shehikka bechoray Mitzrayim me'adam ad-behema.
'Shehikka' means 'who struck', 'bechoray' means 'the firstborn', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'me'adam' means 'from man', 'ad-behema' means 'to beast'.
[PSA.135.9] He sent signs and wonders among you, O Egypt, to Pharaoh and all his servants. [§]
Shalach otot u-moftim betokhechi Mitzrayim beparoh uvechol avadav.
'Shalach' means 'sent', 'otot' means 'signs', 'u-moftim' means 'and wonders', 'betokhechi' means 'among you', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'beparoh' means 'to Pharaoh' (or 'against Pharaoh'), 'uvechol avadav' means 'and all his servants'.
[PSA.135.10] that He struck many nations and killed mighty kings. [§]
Shehikka goyim rabbim ve-harag melachim atzumim.
'Shehikka' means 'that He struck', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'rabbim' means 'many', 've-harag' means 'and killed', 'melachim' means 'kings', 'atzumim' means 'mighty'.
[PSA.135.11] To Shechem the Amorite king, and to Og the Bashan king, and to all the kingdoms of Canaan. [§]
Le-sichon melech ha-emori u-le-Og melech ha-bashan u-le-kol mamlachot Kena'an.
'Le' means 'to', 'sichon' is the place name Shechem, 'melech' means 'king', 'ha-emori' means 'the Amorite', 'u' means 'and', 'le' again means 'to', 'Og' is a personal name, 'ha-bashan' means 'the Bashan', 'le-kol' means 'to all', 'mamlachot' means 'kingdoms', 'Kena'an' is the name Canaan.
[PSA.135.12] And He will give their land as an inheritance, an inheritance to Israel his people. [§]
ve-natan artzam nachalah nachalah le-Yisrael ammo.
've-natan' means 'and He will give', 'artzam' means 'their land', 'nachalah' means 'inheritance' (repeated for emphasis), 'le-Yisrael' means 'to Israel', 'ammo' means 'His people'.
[PSA.135.13] Yahveh, your name forever; Yahveh, your remembrance for generation after generation. [§]
Yahveh shimkha leolam Yahveh zichrekha le-dor vador.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'shimkha' means 'your name' (shim = name, -kha = your). 'leolam' means 'forever' (le = for, olam = eternity). The second clause repeats 'Yahveh'. 'zichrekha' means 'your remembrance' (zichr = remembrance, -kha = your). 'le-dor vador' means 'for generation after generation' (dor = generation, v = and, dor = generation).
[PSA.135.14] For Yahveh will judge his people, and He will have compassion on his servants. [§]
Ki-yadin Yahveh ammo ve'al avadav yitnecham.
'Ki' means 'for', 'yadin' means 'will judge', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'ammo' means 'his people', 've'al' means 'and on' or 'and over', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'yitnecham' means 'will have compassion' or 'will pity'.
[PSA.135.15] The carved images of the nations, silver and gold, the work of a man's hand. [§]
Atzabei ha-goyim kesef ve-zahav ma'aseh yedei adam.
'Atzabei' means 'carved images' or 'idols', 'ha-goyim' means 'the nations', 'kesef' means 'silver', 've-zahav' means 'and gold', 'ma'aseh' means 'work' or 'manufacture', 'yedei' means 'of the hand(s) of', 'adam' means 'man' or 'human'.
[PSA.135.16] Their mouth shall not speak; their eyes shall not see. [§]
Peh-lahem ve-lo yedaberu einayim lahem ve-lo yiru.
'Peh' means 'mouth', 'lahem' is the suffix meaning 'their', so 'peh-lahem' = 'their mouth'. 'Ve-lo' means 'and not' or 'but not'. 'Yedaberu' is a verb meaning 'they will speak'. 'Einayim' means 'eyes'. 'Lahem' again means 'to them' or 'their'. The second 've-lo' repeats 'and not'. 'Yiru' is a verb meaning 'they will see'.
[PSA.135.17] They have ears, yet they do not hear; indeed there is no spirit in their mouth. [§]
Oz'naim lahem ve lo ya'azinu af ein-yesh ruach befihem.
'Oz'naim' means 'ears', 'lahem' means 'to them' or 'their', 've lo' means 'and not', 'ya'azinu' means 'they will hear' (third person masculine plural verb), 'af' means 'indeed' or 'but', 'ein-yesh' is a idiom meaning 'there is no', 'ruach' means 'spirit, breath, or wind', and 'befihem' means 'in their mouth'.
[PSA.135.18] Like them they will be their makers, all who trust in them. [§]
ke-moh-hem yi-he-yu o-sei-hem kol asher bo-te-ach ba-hem.
'ke-moh-hem' means 'like them', 'yi-he-yu' means 'they will be', 'o-sei-hem' means 'their makers' or 'those who do them', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'bo-te-ach' means 'trusts' (from the root betach), 'ba-hem' means 'in them'.
[PSA.135.19] House of Israel, bless Yahveh; house of Aaron, bless Yahveh. [§]
Beit Yisrael barchu et Yahveh Beit Aharon barchu et Yahveh.
'Beit' means 'house', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'barchu' means 'bless' (imperative plural), 'et' is a direct‑object marker that is usually not rendered in English, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the personal name of God, 'Aharon' means 'Aaron'. The verse calls both the house of Israel and the house of Aaron to bless Yahveh.
[PSA.135.20] House of Levi, bless Yahveh; those who fear Yahveh, bless Yahveh. [§]
Beit haLevi barchu et Yahveh yirei Yahveh barchu et Yahveh.
'Beit' means 'house', 'haLevi' means 'of Levi', 'barchu' means 'bless' (imperative plural), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'yirei' means 'those who fear', the phrase repeats 'barchu et Yahveh' meaning 'bless Yahveh' again.
[PSA.135.21] Blessed Yahveh from Zion who dwells in Jerusalem, praise Yah. [§]
Baruch Yahveh miTzion shoken Yerushalayim hal'lu-Ya.
'Baruch' means 'Blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'miTzion' means 'from Zion', 'shoken' means 'dwelling' or 'who dwells', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'hal'lu' means 'praise', 'Ya' is a short form of Yahveh meaning 'Yah'.
PSA.136
[PSA.136.1] Give thanks to Yahveh, for He is good, for His lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Hodu laYahveh ki tov ki leolam chasdo.
'Hodu' means 'give thanks', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the literal translation of YHVH), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'tov' means 'good', the second 'ki' repeats the causal conjunction, 'leolam' means 'forever', and 'chasdo' means 'His lovingkindness' (literally 'His kindness').
[PSA.136.2] Give thanks to the God of the Gods, because his mercy is forever. [§]
Hodu leElohei haElohim ki leolam chasdo.
'Hodu' means 'Give thanks', 'leElohei' means 'to the God of', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'ki' means 'because', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his mercy' or 'his lovingkindness'.
[PSA.136.3] Give thanks to the Lord of lords, for his lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Hodu la'Adonei ha'adonim ki le'olam chasdo.
'Hodu' means 'Give thanks', 'la'Adonei' means 'to the Lords' (literally 'to the Lord(s)'), 'ha'adonim' means 'the Lords', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his lovingkindness' (the steadfast love of God).
[PSA.136.4] For the one who does great wonders alone, because his lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Le'ose nifla'ot gedolot levado ki le'olam chasdo.
'Le'ose' means 'to the one who does' or 'for the one who does'; 'nifla'ot' means 'wonders' or 'miraculous deeds'; 'gedolot' means 'great' (plural feminine); 'levado' means 'alone' or 'by himself'; 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'; 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting'; 'chasdo' means 'his lovingkindness' or 'his steadfast love'.
[PSA.136.5] To God, the Maker of the heavens with understanding, for his mercy endures forever. [§]
Le'oseh ha-shamayim bi-t'vunah ki le-olam chasdo.
'Le'oseh' means 'to the one who makes', referring to God the Creator; 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens'; 'bi-t'vunah' means 'with understanding' or 'wisely'; 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'; 'le-olam' means 'forever' or 'eternally'; 'chasdo' means 'his kindness' or 'his mercy'.
[PSA.136.6] He who spreads the earth upon the waters, for his lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Le-roka ha-aretz al-hamayim ki le-olam chasdo.
'Le-roka' means 'to the one who spreads', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'al-hamayim' means 'upon the waters', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'le-olam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his lovingkindness'.
[PSA.136.7] To the one who makes great lights, because His kindness endures forever. [§]
Le'oseh orim gedolim ki le'olam chasdo.
'Le'oseh' means 'to the one who makes', 'orim' means 'lights', 'gedolim' means 'great', 'ki' means 'because', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'His kindness'.
[PSA.136.8] The sun rules the day, for his lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Et ha-shemesh lememshelet ba-yom ki le-olam chasdo.
"Et" is the Hebrew direct‑object marker and is not rendered in English. "Ha-shemesh" means "the sun". "Lememshelet" is a construct form from the verb meaning "to rule" or "to govern", thus "for rule" or "to rule". "Ba-yom" means "in the day". "Ki" introduces a cause or reason, translated as "because" or "for". "Le-olam" means "forever" or "eternally". "Chasdo" is a noun meaning "his lovingkindness" or "his steadfast love".
[PSA.136.9] the moon and the stars to the rulers of the night, for God's kindness forever. [§]
et-hayare'ach ve'kokhavim lememshalot ba-layla ki le-olam chasdo.
'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hayare'ach' means 'the moon', 've' means 'and', 'kokhavim' means 'stars', 'lememshalot' means 'to the rulers', 'ba-layla' means 'of the night', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'le-olam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'His kindness', referring to the kindness of God.
[PSA.136.10] To the smiter of Egypt in their firstborn, for his mercy forever. [§]
Le makeh Mitzrayim bivchoreihem ki le olam chasdo.
'Le' means 'to' or 'for', 'makeh' means 'the smiter' (from the root meaning 'to strike'), 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'bivchoreihem' means 'in their firstborn' (with 'bi' indicating 'in', 'v' as a conjunction, and 'choreihem' meaning 'their firstborn'), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'le olam' means 'forever' (with 'le' as a preposition and 'olam' meaning 'age' or 'eternity'), 'chasdo' means 'his mercy' or 'his lovingkindness'.
[PSA.136.11] And Israel went out from among them, because Yahveh's steadfast love is forever. [§]
Vayotze Yisrael mitokham ki leolam chasdo.
'Vayotze' means 'and went out', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mitokham' means 'from among them', 'ki' means 'because', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his steadfast love' (referring to Yahveh).
[PSA.136.12] With a strong hand and a stretched arm, for his lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
be-yad chazakah u-vi-zroa netuya ki leolam chasdo.
'be-yad' means 'with a hand', 'chazakah' means 'strong', 'u-vi-zroa' means 'and with an arm', 'netuya' means 'stretched out', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his lovingkindness'.
[PSA.136.13] He who measures the depths of the sea, for his mercy lasts forever. [§]
Le-go-zer yam-suf li-gza-rim ki le-ol-am chas-do.
'Le-go-zer' means 'who measures', 'yam-suf' means 'sea depth', 'li-gza-rim' means 'the measures', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'le-ol-am' means 'forever', 'chas-do' means 'his kindness' (referring to God's mercy).
[PSA.136.14] and He will bring Israel through it, for His kindness endures forever. [§]
vehe'evir Yisrael betokho ki leolam chasdo.
'vehe'evir' means 'and He will cause to pass/bring through', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'betokho' means 'within it' or 'through it', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'His kindness' (the kindness belonging to God).
[PSA.136.15] And Pharaoh and his army awoke in the Sea of Reeds, for his mercy endures forever. [§]
ve niera Paroh ve cheilo beyam-suf ki le'olam chasdo.
've' means 'and', 'niera' means 'awoke' or 'was awakened', 'Paroh' is the name 'Pharaoh', 've' again means 'and', 'cheilo' means 'his army', 'beyam-suf' means 'in the Sea of Reeds' (the Red Sea), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his mercy' or 'his steadfast love'.
[PSA.136.16] To lead his people in the desert, for His mercy endures forever. [§]
Lemolich ammo ba-midbar ki leolam chasdo.
'Lemolich' means 'to lead' or 'to bring forth', 'ammo' means 'his people', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the desert', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'His kindness' or 'His mercy'.
[PSA.136.17] To the smiter of great kings, for His mercy forever. [§]
Leh-mah-keh meh-lah-keem geh-doh-leem kee leh-olam khas-doh.
'Leh' means 'to/for', 'mah-keh' means 'the smiter' (one who strikes), 'meh-lah-keem' means 'kings', 'geh-doh-leem' means 'great' (plural), 'kee' means 'because/for', 'leh-olam' means 'forever', 'khas-doh' means 'His mercy' (the mercy of God).
[PSA.136.18] And he kills the kings, the mighty, because his lovingkindness is forever. [§]
vayaharog melachim addirim ki leolam chesed.
'vayaharog' means 'and he kills' or 'and he will kill', 'melachim' means 'kings', 'addirim' means 'mighty ones' or 'great ones', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting', 'chesed' means 'lovingkindness', 'kindness', or 'covenant faithfulness'.
[PSA.136.19] To Sihon, king of the Amorites, for his mercy forever. [§]
Le Sihoon melek haamori ki leolam chasdo.
'Le' means 'to' or 'for', 'Sihoon' is a proper name (Sihon), 'melek' means 'king', 'haamori' means 'the Amorite' (an inhabitant of ancient Amurru), 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'eternally', 'chasdo' means 'his mercy' or 'his graciousness'.
[PSA.136.20] And to Og, king of Bashan, for his mercy endures forever. [§]
u leog melek habashan ki leolam chasdo.
'u' means 'and', 'leog' means 'to Og' (a personal name), 'melek' means 'king', 'habashan' means 'of Bashan' (a region), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting', 'chasdo' means 'his mercy' (referring to God).
[PSA.136.21] And he will give their land as an inheritance, for his grace endures forever. [§]
ve-natan artzam le-nachala ki le-olam chasdo.
've' means 'and', 'natan' means 'will give', 'artzam' means 'their land', 'le-nachala' means 'as an inheritance', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'le-olam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his grace' or 'his lovingkindness'.
[PSA.136.22] Inheritance for Israel, Yahveh's servant, because Yahveh's lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Nachala leYisrael avdo ki le'olam chasdo.
'Nachala' means 'inheritance' or 'portion'. 'leYisrael' means 'to/for Israel'. 'avdo' means 'his servant', where the pronoun refers to Yahveh, so it is rendered as 'Yahveh's servant'. 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'. 'le'olam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting'. 'chasdo' means 'his lovingkindness', again referring to Yahveh, rendered as 'Yahveh's lovingkindness'.
[PSA.136.23] The One who humbled us remembered us, for his lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Shevshifleinu zakar lanu ki le'olam chasdo.
'Shevshifleinu' comes from the root sh-p-l meaning 'to humble' and is rendered here as 'the One who humbled us'. 'Zakar' means 'remembered'. 'Lanu' means 'us'. 'Ki' means 'for' or 'because'. 'Le'olam' means 'forever' or 'eternally'. 'Chasdo' means 'His lovingkindness' (literally 'His grace').
[PSA.136.24] He delivered us from our troubles, because his lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Vayifrekenu mitzarenu ki leolam chasdo.
'Vayifrekenu' means 'and He delivered or broke us', 'mitzarenu' means 'from our troubles', 'ki' means 'because', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'His lovingkindness' (referring to God).
[PSA.136.25] He gives bread to all flesh, for his kindness endures forever. [§]
Noten lechem lekhol basar ki leolam chasdo.
'Noten' means 'gives', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'lekhol' means 'to all', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'chasdo' means 'his kindness'.
[PSA.136.26] Give thanks to God of the heavens, for his lovingkindness endures forever. [§]
Hodu le-El ha-shamayim ki le-olam chasdo.
'Hodu' means 'Give thanks', 'le-El' means 'to God', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'ki' means 'for', 'le-olam' means 'forever' or 'for eternity', 'chasdo' means 'His lovingkindness'.
PSA.137
[PSA.137.1] On the rivers of Babylon there we sat and we wept in our remembrance of Zion. [§]
Al naharot Babel sham yashavnu gam-bachinu bezikhrenu et Tzion.
'Al' means 'on', 'naharot' means 'rivers', 'Babel' means 'Babylon', 'sham' means 'there', 'yashavnu' means 'we sat', 'gam' means 'also', 'bachinu' means 'we wept', 'bezikhrenu' means 'in our remembrance', 'et' is a grammatical marker for the direct object (not translated), 'Tzion' means 'Zion'.
[PSA.137.2] Upon evenings within it we have lifted our lyres. [§]
Al arevim betokhah talinu kinoroteinu.
'Al' means 'upon', 'arevim' means 'evenings', 'betokhah' means 'within it', 'talinu' means 'we have lifted' or 'we raised', 'kinoroteinu' means 'our lyres' or 'our harps'.
[PSA.137.3] For there they asked us, our return, words of song and our little ones' joy; sing to us from the song of Zion. [§]
Ki sham shealunu shovenu dibrei-shir ve'tolalenu simchah shiru lanu mishir tziyon.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'sham' means 'there', 'shealunu' means 'they asked us' (from the root 'to ask'), 'shovenu' means 'our return' or 'our returning' (from the root 'to return'), 'dibrei-shir' means 'words of song', 've'tolalenu' means 'and our little ones' or 'our infants' (from the root 'to be a child'), 'simchah' means 'joy', 'shiru' means 'sing' (imperative), 'lanu' means 'to us' or 'for us', 'mishir' means 'from a song' (literally 'from song'), and 'tziyon' means 'Zion'.
[PSA.137.4] How shall I sing the song of Yahveh in a foreign land? [§]
Eich nashir et-shir Yahveh al admat nechar.
'Eich' means 'how', 'nashir' means 'shall I sing', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shir' means 'song', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al' means 'on' or 'in', 'admat' means 'the ground/land', 'nechar' means 'foreign' or 'strange'.
[PSA.137.5] If I forget you, Jerusalem, let my right hand be forgotten. [§]
Im eshkahek Yerushalayim tishkach yemini.
'Im' means 'if', 'eshkahek' means 'I forget you', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'tishkach' means 'let (it) be forgotten' (imperative, second person masculine), 'yemini' means 'my right hand'.
[PSA.137.6] My tongue will stick to my palate if I do not remember you; if I do not raise Jerusalem upon the head of my joy. [§]
Tidbak le-shoni lechiki im lo ezkrekhi im lo a'aleh et Yerushalayim al rosh simchati.
'Tidbak' means 'will stick' or 'adhere', 'le-shoni' means 'to my tongue', 'lechiki' means 'to my palate', 'im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'ezkrekhi' means 'I will remember you' (feminine singular), the second 'im lo' repeats 'if not', 'a'aleh' means 'I will lift' or 'raise', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'al' means 'upon', 'rosh' means 'head' or 'crown', and 'simchati' means 'my joy'.
[PSA.137.7] Remember Yahveh, O sons of Edom, the day of Jerusalem, the ones who say 'burn, burn', the people of the foundation in her. [§]
Zekhor Yahveh livnei Edom et yom Yerushalem ha'omrim aru aru am hayesod bah.
'Zekhor' means 'remember', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'livnei' means 'to the sons of' (literally 'for the children of'), 'Edom' is the proper name Edom, 'et' is a direct‑object marker that has no lexical meaning, 'yom' means 'day', 'Yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem', 'ha'omrim' means 'the ones who say', 'aru' (repeated) means 'they will burn', 'am' means 'people', 'hayesod' means 'the foundation', and 'bah' means 'in her'.
[PSA.137.8] Daughter of Babylon, the desolate one, blessed is he who will repay you your recompense that you repaid us. [§]
bat-Babel hashshadudah ashrei sheyashlem-lach et-gemulekh shegamalat lanu.
'bat-Babel' means 'daughter of Babylon', 'hashshadudah' means 'the desolate one', 'ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'happy', 'sheyashlem-lach' means 'who will repay you', 'et-gemulekh' means 'your recompense', 'shegamalat' means 'that you repaid', 'lanu' means 'to us'.
[PSA.137.9] Blessed is the one who takes hold and shatters your children to the rock. [§]
Ashrei sheyyo'achaz ve'niftz et olalayich el ha'sala.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed', 'sheyyo'achaz' means 'who takes hold', 've'niftz' means 'and shatters', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'olalayich' means 'your offspring/children', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'sala' means 'the rock'.
PSA.138
[PSA.138.1] To David: I will thank you with all my heart before the Gods I will sing to you. [§]
LeDavid odkha bechol-libbi neged Elohim azamerkha.
'LeDavid' means 'to David', 'odkha' means 'I will thank you', 'bechol-libbi' means 'with all my heart', 'neged' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal plural form of God), 'azamerkha' means 'I will sing to you'.
[PSA.138.2] I will bow to your holy temple and I will give thanks to your name for your lovingkindness and for your truth because you have magnified above all your name your word. [§]
Esh'tachaveh el-heychal kadshekha ve'odeh et-shemecha al-chasdecha ve'al-amitecha ki-higdalta al kol shimmcha imratecha.
'Esh'tachaveh' means 'I will bow', 'el-heychal' means 'to the temple', 'kadshekha' means 'your holy (place)', 've'odeh' means 'and I will give thanks', 'et-shemecha' means 'your name', 'al-chasdecha' means 'for your lovingkindness', 've'al-amitecha' means 'and for your truth', 'ki-higdalta' means 'because you have magnified', 'al kol shimmcha' means 'above all your name', 'imratecha' means 'your word'.
[PSA.138.3] On the day I called and you answered me, you refresh my soul with strength. [§]
Be-yom ka-ra-ti va-ta-a-ne-ni tar-hi-ve-ni be-naf-shi oz.
'Be-yom' means 'on the day', 'ka-ra-ti' means 'I called', 'va-ta-a-ne-ni' means 'and you answered me', 'tar-hi-ve-ni' means 'you refresh me' (root r-h-b, idea of revitalizing), 'be-naf-shi' means 'in my soul', 'oz' means 'strength'.
[PSA.138.4] All the kings of the earth will give thanks to Yahveh because they have heard your words. [§]
Yoducha Yahveh kol malkei eretz ki shamu imrei pikha.
'Yoducha' means 'they will give thanks to you', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'kol' means 'all', 'malkei' means 'kings of', 'eretz' means 'the earth', 'ki' means 'because', 'shamu' means 'they have heard', 'imrei' means 'the words of', 'pikha' means 'your mouth'.
[PSA.138.5] And they shall sing in the ways of Yahveh, for the glory of Yahveh is great. [§]
Ve-yashiru be-darchei Yahveh ki gadol kevod Yahveh.
'Ve' means 'and', 'yashiru' means 'they shall sing', 'be-darchei' means 'in the ways of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'gadol' means 'great', 'kevod' means 'glory', and the second 'Yahveh' again refers to the divine name.
[PSA.138.6] For Yahveh is high, and the low will see, and the lofty from afar will know. [§]
Ki ram Yahveh ve-shafal yireh ve-gavoh mi-merachaq yadah.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ram' means 'high', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'shafal' means 'low' or 'humble', 'yireh' means 'will see', 've' again means 'and', 'gavoh' means 'high' or 'lofty', 'mi' means 'from', 'merachaq' means 'afar' or 'a distance', 'yadah' means 'will know' or 'will recognize'.
[PSA.138.7] If I go in the midst of trouble, you will revive me; against the anger of my enemies you will send your hand and you will save me with your right hand. [§]
Im elekh beqerev tsarah techayeni al af oyevai tishlach yadecha ve-toshieini yeminecha.
'Im' means 'if'; 'elekh' means 'I go' or 'I will go'; 'beqerev' means 'in the midst of'; 'tsarah' means 'trouble' or 'distress'; 'techayeni' means 'you will revive me' or 'you will make me alive'; 'al' means 'against' or 'upon'; 'af' means 'anger' or 'fury'; 'oyevai' means 'my enemies'; 'tishlach' means 'you will send'; 'yadecha' means 'your hand'; 've-toshieini' means 'and you will save me'; 'yeminecha' means 'your right (hand)'.
[PSA.138.8] Yahveh will avenge on my behalf; Yahveh, your lovingkindness endures forever, the works of your hands, do not cease. [§]
Yahveh yigmor baadi Yahveh chasdecha leolam maasei yadecha al-teref.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'yigmor' means 'will avenge' or 'will repay'. 'baadi' means 'on my behalf' or 'in my place'. The second 'Yahveh' repeats the divine name. 'chasdecha' means 'your lovingkindness' (your mercy). 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting'. 'maasei' means 'the works' (of). 'yadecha' means 'your hands'. 'al-teref' means 'do not cease' or 'do not delay'.
PSA.139
[PSA.139.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David: Yahveh examined me and you have known. [§]
Lam-natzeach le-David mizmor Yahveh chakar'tani vateda.
'Lam' means 'to the', 'natzeach' means 'chief musician', 'le-David' means 'of David', 'mizmor' means 'psalm', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'chakar'tani' means 'you examined me', 'vateda' means 'and you have known'.
[PSA.139.2] You knew I sat and I rose, you built for my enemy from afar. [§]
atah yad'at shivti ve-kumi banta lerei merachok.
'atah' means 'you', 'yad\'at' means 'you knew', 'shivti' means 'I sat', 've-kumi' means 'and I rose', 'banta' is taken as the verb 'you built' (masculine singular past), 'lerei' means 'for my enemy', 'merachok' means 'from afar'. The verse contains no divine name, so the standard literal meanings are used.
[PSA.139.3] My way and my portion you have sown, and you have guarded all my paths. [§]
Archi ve-riv'i zerita ve-chol-d'rachei hiskantah.
'Archi' means 'my road' or 'my way', 've-riv'i' means 'and my quarter/portion', 'zerita' means 'you sowed' (second person masculine singular of the verb 'to sow'), 've' means 'and', 'chol' means 'all', 'd'rachei' means 'my ways', and 'hiskantah' means 'you have guarded' or 'you have made safe' (from the root meaning to secure or protect).
[PSA.139.4] For there is no word in my tongue; behold, Yahveh knows all. [§]
ki ein milah bilshoni hen Yahveh yad'ata kolah.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ein' means 'there is no' or 'none', 'milah' means 'word' or 'speech', 'bilshoni' means 'in my tongue' (b- = 'in', -shon = 'tongue', -i = 'my'), 'hen' is an interjection meaning 'behold' or 'surely', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'yad'ata' (yad'ata) means 'knows' or 'has known' (third person singular perfect of the verb know), and 'kolah' means 'all' or 'everything'.
[PSA.139.5] Behind and before you bound me, and you placed your hand upon me. [§]
Achor vakedem tsartani vatashet alai kappecha.
'Achor' means 'behind', 'vakedem' means 'and before', 'tsartani' means 'you bound me', 'vatashet' means 'and you placed', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'kappecha' means 'your hand' (or 'your palm').
[PSA.139.6] A flood of knowledge from me overwhelms me; I cannot bear it. [§]
P'li'ah daat mime-ni nischgevah lo-ukhal lah.
'P'li'ah' means 'flood' or 'overflow', 'daat' means 'knowledge', 'mime-ni' means 'from me', 'nischgevah' (from the root sgav) conveys 'I am overwhelmed' or 'I am struck', 'lo-ukhal' means 'I cannot endure' or 'I cannot bear', and 'lah' is a pronoun meaning 'it' referring to the flood of knowledge.
[PSA.139.7] Where shall I go from your wind, and where shall I flee before you? [§]
ana elekh meruhekha ve'ana mippanecha evrach.
'ana' means 'where?', 'elekh' means 'I will go', 'meruhekha' means 'from your wind or spirit', 've'ana' means 'and where', 'mippanecha' means 'before you' or 'from before you', 'evrach' means 'I will flee'.
[PSA.139.8] If I draw the heavens there, you, and I will command Sheol, behold you. [§]
Im Esak Shamayim sham atah ve'atzita Sheol hinekha.
'Im' means 'if', 'Esak' is a verb meaning 'I will draw' or 'I will pour', 'Shamayim' means 'heavens', 'sham' means 'there', 'atah' means 'you', 've'atzita' is a verb phrase meaning 'and I will command' or 'and I will order', 'Sheol' is a proper name referring to the realm of the dead, and 'hinekha' means 'behold you' or 'look, you'.
[PSA.139.9] I will raise the wings of dawn, I will dwell in the far end of the sea. [§]
Esa kanfei-shachar eshkenah be'acharit yam.
'Esa' means 'I will lift' or 'raise', 'kanfei' means 'wings of', 'shachar' means 'dawn', 'eshkenah' means 'I will dwell' or 'settle', 'be'acharit' means 'in the far end' or 'at the extremity', 'yam' means 'sea'.
[PSA.139.10] Also there your hand will guide me and your right hand will support me. [§]
gam sham yadecha tancheni ve toachzeni yeminecha.
'gam' means 'also', 'sham' means 'there', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'tancheni' means 'will guide me', 've' means 'and', 'toachzeni' means 'will hold me' or 'will support me', 'yeminecha' means 'your right hand'.
[PSA.139.11] And I said, 'Only darkness will cast me, and night light for my sake.' [§]
Va'omar ach choshech yeshupeni ve-layla or ba'adeni.
'Va'omar' means 'and I said', 'ach' means 'only' or 'but', 'choshech' means 'darkness', 'yeshupeni' means 'will cast me' or 'will scatter me', 've-layla' means 'and night', 'or' means 'light', 'ba'adeni' means 'for my sake' or 'instead of me'.
[PSA.139.12] Even darkness does not become dark from you, and night is like day, shining as darkness is light. [§]
gam-ḥoshekh lo-yachshikh mimekha ve-layla kayom ya'ir kachashkha ka'orah.
'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'ḥoshekh' means 'darkness', 'lo' means 'not', 'yachshikh' means 'will become dark', 'mimekha' means 'from you', 've' means 'and', 'layla' means 'night', 'kayom' means 'as day', 'ya'ir' means 'will shine', 'kachashkha' means 'as darkness', 'ka'orah' means 'as light'.
[PSA.139.13] For you bought me from my mother’s womb. [§]
Ki atah kanita kil'otai tesukeni bebeten immi.
'Ki' means 'for', 'atah' means 'you', 'kanita' means 'you have bought' (from the root kanah meaning to purchase), 'kil'otai' means 'my innermost parts' or 'my being', 'tesukeni' means 'you have taken me' or 'you have set me', 'bebeten' means 'in the womb', 'immi' means 'my mother'.
[PSA.139.14] I praise you because you are awesome and wonderful; your works are wonderful, and my soul knows it very well. [§]
odkha al ki noraot niflaot maasekha ve nafshi yodaat meod.
'odkha' means 'I praise you', 'al' means 'for' or 'because', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'noraot' means 'awesome' or 'terrible' in a reverent sense, 'niflaot' means 'wonderful', 'maasekha' means 'your works', 've' means 'and', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'yodaat' means 'knows', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
[PSA.139.15] Myself is not hidden from you; what I have done in secret I have hidden in the depths of the earth. [§]
Lo nichad atzmi mimmekha asher useti baseter rukamti betachtiyot eretz.
'Lo' means 'not', 'nichad' means 'concealed', 'atzmi' means 'myself', 'mimmekha' means 'from you', 'asher' means 'that which', 'useti' means 'I have done', 'baseter' means 'in secret', 'rukamti' means 'I have hidden', 'betachtiyot' means 'in the depths', 'eretz' means 'earth'.
[PSA.139.16] My corpse, they have seen your eyes and on your scroll all will be written, days will be formed, and not one among them. [§]
Galmī ra'u einēkā ve'al-sifrēkā kulam yikkatevu yamim yitsuru ve'lo echad bahem.
'Galmī' means 'my corpse', 'ra'u' means 'they saw', 'einēkā' means 'your eyes', 've'al' means 'and on', 'sifrēkā' means 'your book/scroll', 'kulam' means 'all of them', 'yikkatevu' means 'will be written', 'yamim' means 'days', 'yitsuru' means 'will be formed', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'echad' means 'one', 'bahem' means 'among them'.
[PSA.139.17] And for me, how precious are your friends, God; what have they hardened their heads? [§]
ve li mah yakru re echa El me atzmu rashyehem.
've' means 'and', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'. 'mah' means 'what' or 'how'. 'yakru' is the verb 'to be precious' in the third person plural, 'they are precious'. 're echa' means 'your companions' or 'your friends'. 'El' is the name of God and is translated here as 'God'. 'me' means 'what'. 'atzmu' is a verb from the root 'atzam' meaning 'to become firm or hardened', here 'they have hardened'. 'rashyehem' means 'their heads'. The phrase as a whole is an ancient poetic expression questioning the value and stubbornness of the friends of the addressed person.
[PSA.139.18] I will count them from the sickness, and they will increase; I have arisen and I am still with you. [§]
espreym mechol yirbun hekitzoti veodi immahk.
'espreym' means 'I will count them', 'mechol' means 'from disease' or 'because of illness', 'yirbun' means 'they will increase' or 'they will multiply', 'hekitzoti' means 'I have awakened' or 'I have arisen', 'veodi' means 'and still' or 'and yet', 'immahk' means 'with you'. The phrase employs a rhetorical idiom about counting or reckoning in the context of affliction, followed by a statement of renewed vigor and continued presence with the addressed person.
[PSA.139.19] If you will kill God the wicked and men of blood, turn away from me. [§]
Im tiktoel Eloah rasha ve'anshei damim suru meni.
'Im' means 'if', 'tiktoel' means 'you will kill', 'Eloah' means 'God', 'rasha' means 'wicked', 've'anshei' means 'and the men of', 'damim' means 'blood', 'suru' means 'turn away' or 'depart', 'meni' means 'from me'.
[PSA.139.20] That they will say to you as a complaint, a false accusation in vain, your curse. [§]
asher yomrucha limzimmah nasu'a lashav arecha.
'asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'yomrucha' means 'they will say to you' (yomer + suffix 'cha' = to you). 'limzimmah' means 'for a complaint' or 'as a slander'. 'nasu'a' is a participle from the root nashah meaning 'raised' or 'carried', here understood as 'a false accusation' (something that is lifted up). 'lashav' means 'in vain' or 'for nothing'. 'arecha' is from the root 'ar' meaning 'curse' and with the suffix 'cha' means 'your curse' or 'your reproach'.
[PSA.139.21] Is it not those who hate you, Yahveh? I will hate, and I will tremble at your uprisings. [§]
Halo-meshaneikha Yahveh esna uvitkommeikha etkotat.
'Halo' means 'surely not' or 'is it not', 'meshaneikha' means 'those who hate you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'esna' means 'I will hate', 'uvitkommeikha' means 'and in your rebellions/uprisings', 'ektotat' means 'I will tremble' or 'shiver'.
[PSA.139.22] The purpose of hatred is that the haters were my enemies. [§]
Taklith sinah seneitim leoyvim hayu li.
'Taklith' means 'purpose' or 'aim', 'sinah' means 'hatred', 'seneitim' means 'the ones who hate' or 'haters', 'leoyvim' means 'to enemies' or 'for enemies', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'li' means 'to me' or 'my'. The construction reads as a statement that the aim of hatred results in those who hate becoming the speaker's enemies.
[PSA.139.23] Examine me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my thoughts. [§]
Chakreni El ve-da levavi, bechaneni ve-da sar'afai.
'Chakreni' means 'examine me' (from the root meaning to search or probe). 'El' means 'God' and is rendered literally as God. 've-da' means 'and know'. 'levavi' means 'my heart'. 'bechaneni' means 'test me' or 'try me' (from the root meaning to test or try). The second 've-da' again means 'and know'. 'sar'afai' is a noun form meaning 'my thoughts' or 'my inner motives', derived from the root related to inner intention.
[PSA.139.24] See whether the way of sorrow is in me, and guide me in the everlasting way. [§]
Ure'eh im derech otzev bi, un'cheni b'derech olam.
'Ure'eh' means 'see' with a conjunction 'and'. 'im' means 'if' or 'whether'. 'derech' means 'way' or 'path'. 'otzev' means 'grief' or 'sorrow'. 'bi' means 'in me'. 'un'cheni' means 'and guide me'. 'b'derech' means 'in the way'. 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'eternity'.
PSA.140
[PSA.140.1] To the chief musician, a Psalm of David. [§]
Lamnatshech mizmor leDavid.
'Lamnatshech' means 'to the chief musician', 'mizmor' means 'psalm' or 'song', 'leDavid' means 'of David' (belonging to David).
[PSA.140.2] Deliver me, Yahveh, from an evil man, from a man of violence, protect me. [§]
chal-tze'ni Yahveh me'adam ra me'ish chamasim tintzreni.
'chal-tze'ni' means 'deliver me', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'me'adam' means 'from a man', 'ra' means 'evil' or 'wicked', 'me'ish' means 'from a man', 'chamasim' means 'violent ones' or 'men of violence', 'tintzreni' means 'protect me' or 'keep me safe'.
[PSA.140.3] Who have plotted evils in the heart, every day they wage wars. [§]
asher chashvu raot belev kol yom yaguru milchamot.
'asher' means 'who' or 'that which', 'chashvu' means 'they thought' or 'they plotted', 'raot' means 'evils' (plural of evil), 'belev' means 'in the heart', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'yom' means 'day', 'yaguru' means 'they wage' or 'they fight', 'milchamot' means 'wars'.
[PSA.140.4] They have turned their tongues like a snake, wrathful beneath their lips, Selah. [§]
Shananu le'shonam kemo nachash chamat akshuv tachat s'fatayhem selah.
'Shananu' means 'they turned' or 'they have turned'; 'le\'shonam' means 'their tongue' or 'to their tongue'; 'kemo' means 'like' and 'nachash' means 'a snake'; 'chamat' means 'wrath' or 'anger' and 'akshuv' is a noun form meaning 'fury' or 'fierceness'; 'tachat' means 'under' or 'beneath'; 's'fatayhem' means 'their lips'; 'selah' is a liturgical term retained in translation.
[PSA.140.5] Guard me Yahveh from the hand of the wicked, from a man of violence protect me who plotted to overthrow my steps. [§]
shamereni Yahveh middei rasha meish chamasim tintzreni asher chashvu lidchot peamayi.
'shamereni' means 'guard me', 'Yahveh' is the rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'middei' means 'from the hand of', 'rasha' means 'wicked', 'meish' means 'from a man', 'chamasim' means 'of violence' (violent ones), 'tintzreni' means 'protect me', 'asher' means 'who', 'chashvu' means 'they plotted', 'lidchot' means 'to overthrow', 'peamayi' means 'my steps'.
[PSA.140.6] The proud have become satiated, a morsel for me; and cords have spread a net at the hand of a circle. The wicked have poured for me, pause. [§]
Tamnu-ge'im pah li vachavalim parsū reshēt le-yad ma'agal mokshīm shatū-li sela.
'Tamnu' means 'they have become full' or 'they are satiated', 'ge'im' means 'the proud' (plural), 'pah' means 'a morsel' or 'a bite', 'li' means 'to me', 'vachavalim' means 'and cords' or 'and ropes', 'parsū' means 'they have spread' or 'they have stretched', 'reshēt' means 'a net' (literally 'netting'), 'le-yad' means 'at the hand of' or 'by the hand of', 'ma'agal' means 'a circle' or 'a wheel', 'mokshīm' means 'the wicked' or 'the cruel', 'shatū-li' means 'they have drunk for me' (literally 'they have poured for me'), and 'sela' is a liturgical musical term meaning 'pause' or 'interlude'.
[PSA.140.7] I said to Yahveh, my God, you are; hear, Yahveh, the voice of my supplication. [§]
Amarti laYahveh Eli ata ha'azina Yahveh kol tahannui.
'Amarti' means 'I said', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'Eli' means 'my God', 'ata' means 'you are', 'ha'azina' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'kol' means 'voice', 'tahannui' means 'of my supplication' (the prayer I am making).
[PSA.140.8] Yahveh my Lord, the strength of my salvation, my covering for my head on the day of a kiss. [§]
Yahveh Adonai oz yeshuati sakkotha le-roshi be-yom nashek.
'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'oz' means 'strength', 'yeshuati' means 'my salvation', 'sakkotha' means 'covering' or 'protection', 'le-roshi' means 'for my head', 'be-yom' means 'in the day', 'nashek' means 'a kiss' (noun).
[PSA.140.9] Do not give, Yahveh, my desire for the wicked, his wrath; do not lift up, they will be raised. Selah. [§]
Al-titen Yahveh ma'avayei rasha zemamo Al-taphek yarumu selah.
'Al' means 'do not', 'titen' means 'you will give', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God (YHVH), 'ma'avayei' means 'my desire' or 'the desire of', 'rasha' means 'the wicked', 'zemamo' means 'his wrath', 'Al-taphek' means 'do not lift up', 'yarumu' means 'they will be lifted' or 'they will be raised', 'selah' is a musical/ liturgical term meaning a pause or solemn affirmation.
[PSA.140.10] The chief of my surrounding toil, his lips will cover it. [§]
Rosh mesivbay amal sefatheimo yachasemu.
'Rosh' means 'head' or 'chief', 'mesivbay' comes from the root s-b-b meaning 'to surround' with the prefix m and the ending bay, understood as 'my surrounding' or 'my circle', 'amal' means 'labor' or 'toil', 'sefatheimo' means 'his lips' (plural), 'yachasemu' means 'he will cover them' or 'it will be covered'.
[PSA.140.11] They will be shaken; upon them the stubble in fire will be brought down, and in their panic they will not rise. [§]
Yimmotu aleihem gechalim ba-esh yapilem be-mahamorot bal yakumu.
'Yimmotu' means 'they will be shaken' (verb, third person plural future), 'aleihem' means 'upon them' (preposition + pronoun), 'gechalim' means 'stubble' or 'dry grass' (noun, plural), 'ba-esh' means 'in fire' (preposition + noun), 'yapilem' means 'will bring down' or 'will cause to fall' (verb, third person singular future), 'be-mahamorot' means 'in their trembling' or 'in their panic' (construct form of mahmarah, 'terror'), 'bal' means 'not' (negative particle), 'yakumu' means 'they will rise/stand' (verb, third person plural future).
[PSA.140.12] A man of the tongue will not stand firm on the earth; a violent man is evil, and he will be driven away. [§]
ish lashon bal yichon baaretz ish-chamas ra ye tzudenu lemadchepot.
'ish' means 'man', 'lashon' means 'tongue', 'bal' means 'not', 'yichon' means 'will become upright' or 'stand firm', 'baaretz' means 'in the earth', 'ish-chamas' means 'man of violence', 'ra' means 'evil', 'ye tzudenu' means 'he will drive him out' (future third person), 'lemadchepot' is the infinitive construct meaning 'to push away' or 'to drive out'.
[PSA.140.13] I know that Yahveh will bring judgment for the poor, the judgment of the needy. [§]
Yadati ki yaaseh Yahveh din ani mishpat evyonim.
'Yadati' means 'I know', 'ki' means 'that', 'yaaseh' means 'he will do' or 'he will bring about', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'din' means 'judgment' or 'justice', 'ani' means 'the poor', 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'decree', 'evyonim' means 'the needy' or 'the poor'. The phrase 'din ani' expresses judgment for the poor, and 'mishpat evyonim' repeats the idea of judgment for the needy.
[PSA.140.14] But the righteous will acknowledge your name; the upright will sit before your presence. [§]
Akh tzaddikim yodu lishmekha yeshvu yesharim et-panekha.
'Akh' means 'but' or 'only'; 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous'; 'yodu' means 'will know' or 'will acknowledge'; 'lishmekha' means 'to your name' (your referring to Yahveh); 'yeshvu' means 'will sit'; 'yesharim' means 'the upright' (also 'the righteous'); 'et-panekha' means 'your face' or 'your presence' (again referring to Yahveh).
PSA.141
[PSA.141.1] A Psalm of David. Yahveh, I called you; be swift to me, listen to my voice when I call to you. [§]
Mizmor leDavid Yahveh keraticha chusa li haazina koli beqarei-lach.
'Mizmor' means 'song' or 'psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'Yahveh' is the name of God (YHVH), 'keraticha' means 'I called you', 'chusa' means 'hasten' or 'be swift', 'li' means 'to me', 'haazina' means 'listen', 'koli' means 'my voice', 'beqarei-lach' means 'when I call to you' or 'in my calling to you'.
[PSA.141.2] Let my prayer be established as incense before you, the lifting of my hands as the evening offering. [§]
tikun tefilati ketoret lefanekha mashat kappai minchat-arev.
'tikun' means 'let be set' or 'let be established', 'tefilati' means 'my prayer', 'ketoret' means 'incense', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'mashat' means 'lifting' or 'offering up', 'kappai' means 'my hands', 'minchat-arev' means 'evening offering'.
[PSA.141.3] Put, Yahveh, a guard over my mouth; keep a seal upon the lowliness of my lips. [§]
shita Yahveh shamra lefi nitzra al dal sfatai.
'shita' means 'put' (imperative), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'shamra' means 'guard' (imperative), 'lefi' means 'to my mouth', 'nitzra' means 'seal' or 'guard', 'al dal' means 'upon the poor' or 'upon the lowliness', and 'sfatai' means 'my lips'. The phrase 'dal sfatai' is an idiom for the low or humbled condition of one's speech.
[PSA.141.4] Do not set my heart for an evil matter, to become angry like a storm in wickedness against men who act in wickedness, and do not let their anger be in their delight. [§]
Al-tat-li-bi le-davar ra le-hit'olel alilot be-resha et-ishim po'alei aven u-val elcham be-mana'amehem.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tat-li-bi' is the verb form meaning 'you (singular) set/affect my heart', 'le-davar' means 'to a thing' or 'for a matter', 'ra' means 'evil', 'le-hit'olel' means 'to be angry' or 'to become upset', 'alilot' means 'blow(s)' or 'storm(s)', 'be-resha' means 'in wickedness', 'et' is the accusative marker introducing the object, 'ishim' means 'men', 'po'alei' means 'who act' or 'doers of', 'aven' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity', 'u-val' means 'and not', 'elcham' means 'their heat' or 'their anger', 'be-mana'amehem' means 'in their comforts' or 'in their delight'.
[PSA.141.5] The righteous will hide me, with lovingkindness, and He will establish me; oil upon my head—let my head not be diminished—because even now my prayer is among their evils. [§]
yehelmenei tzaddik chesed veyokhiheni shemen rosh al yani roshi ki od vete filati beraateyhem.
'yehelmenei' means 'he will hide me' (from the root meaning to conceal); 'tzaddik' means 'righteous one'; 'chesed' means 'lovingkindness' or 'mercy'; 'veyokhiheni' means 'and he will establish me' (from the root meaning to strengthen); 'shemen' means 'oil'; 'rosh' means 'head'; 'al' means 'not'; 'yani' is read as 'diminish' or 'decrease'; 'roshi' means 'my head'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'od' means 'still' or 'yet'; 'vete filati' means 'and my prayer'; 'beraateyhem' means 'in their evils' or 'among their troubles'.
[PSA.141.6] They were smitten by the hand of stone, their judges, and they heard my words because they were softened. [§]
Nishmetu bi-ydei sela shoftheihem ve-shamu amarai ki na'emu.
'Nishmetu' means 'they were smitten' (passive verb from shamat 'to strike down'), 'bi-ydei' means 'by the hand of', 'sela' means 'stone', 'shoftheihem' means 'their judges' (shofet = judge, -heihem = their), 've-shamu' means 'and they heard', 'amarai' means 'my words' (amar = word, -ai = my), 'ki' means 'because', 'na'emu' means 'they became softened or gentle' (from na'am 'to be soft, gentle').
[PSA.141.7] Like a cutter and a breaker in the earth, our bones are scattered according to the grave. [§]
kemo poleh u-bokea baaretz nifzru atsmeinu lefi sheol.
'kemo' means 'as' or 'like', 'poleh' means 'cutter' (one who cuts), 'u-bokea' means 'and breaker', 'baaretz' means 'in the earth', 'nifzru' means 'are scattered', 'atsmeinu' means 'our bones', 'lefi' means 'according to' or 'like', 'sheol' means 'the grave' or 'the realm of the dead'.
[PSA.141.8] Because to you Yahveh my Lord, my eyes look to you; I have taken refuge in you; do not crush my soul. [§]
Ki elekha Yahveh Adonai einay beka hasiti al-te'ar nafshi.
'Ki' means 'because', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'einay' means 'my eyes', 'beka' means 'in you', 'hasiti' means 'I have taken refuge', 'al-te'ar' means 'do not crush', 'nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[PSA.141.9] Guard me from the hands of those who plot against me and the traps of the workers of iniquity. [§]
shamremi midi pach yakshu li umokshot poalei aven
'shamremi' means 'guard me', 'midi' means 'from the hands of', 'pach' means 'the hand', 'yakshu' means 'they plot' or 'they devise', 'li' means 'against me', 'umokshot' means 'and the traps', 'poalei' means 'workers' or 'doers', 'aven' means 'iniquity' or 'evil'.
[PSA.141.10] The wicked will fall in his trap, and I will go on together until I pass. [§]
Yiplu bema kmorav resha'im yachad anochi ad-e'evor.
'Yiplu' means 'they will fall', 'bema' means 'in the', 'kmorav' means 'his trap' (so 'bema kmorav' = 'in his trap'), 'resha'im' means 'the wicked', 'yachad' means 'together', 'anochi' means 'I', 'ad' means 'until', 'e'evor' means 'I will pass' or 'I will go through'.
PSA.142
[PSA.142.1] A prayer of David when he was in the cave. [§]
Massekhil leDavid biheyoto bam'arah tefillah.
'Massekhil' means 'prayer' or 'petition', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'biheyoto' means 'when he was' or 'while he was', 'bam'arah' means 'in the cave', 'tefillah' means 'prayer'.
[PSA.142.2] My voice to Yahveh I will cry out; my voice to Yahveh I will plead. [§]
Koli el Yahveh ezak Koli el Yahveh etchanan.
'Koli' means 'my voice' (Kol = voice, -i = my), 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ezak' means 'I will cry out', the second 'Koli' repeats 'my voice', the second 'el' and 'Yahveh' repeat 'to Yahveh', and 'etchanan' means 'I will plead' or 'I will beg'.
[PSA.142.3] I will pour out before Yahveh my speech, my distress before Yahveh I will tell. [§]
Eshpoche lefanav sichi tzarati lefanav aggid.
'Eshpoche' means 'I will pour out'; 'lefanav' means 'before Him' and refers to the divine name YHVH, which is rendered as 'Yahveh'; 'sichi' means 'my speech' or 'my utterance'; 'tzarati' means 'my distress' or 'my complaint'; the second 'lefanav' again means 'before Yahveh'; 'aggid' means 'I will tell' or 'I will proclaim'. The pronoun 'him' in both occurrences is therefore translated as the literal name 'Yahveh'.
[PSA.142.4] My spirit is wrapped around me, and you know my way; I will go in this way, they have made a pit for me. [§]
behitatef alai ruhi veatta yadata netivati beorach-zu ahalekh tamnu pach li.
'behitatef' means 'being wrapped' or 'enfolded', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'ruhi' means 'my spirit', 'veatta' means 'and you', 'yadata' means 'you knew' or 'you know', 'netivati' means 'my path' or 'my way', 'beorach-zu' means 'in this way' (beorach = 'in the way', zu = 'this'), 'ahalekh' means 'I will go', 'tamnu' means 'they made' or 'they caused', 'pach' means 'a pit' or 'hole', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'.
[PSA.142.5] Look right and see, and I have no acquaintance, lost refuge from me, there is no seeker for my soul. [§]
Habbet yamin ve're'eh ve'ein li makir avad manos mimeni ein doresh le'nafshi.
'Habbet' means 'look', 'yamin' means 'right', 've're'eh' means 'and see', 've'ein li' means 'and I have none', 'makir' means 'acquaintance' or 'recognizer', 'avad' means 'lost', 'manos' means 'refuge', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'doresh' means 'seeker', 'le'nafshi' means 'for my soul'.
[PSA.142.6] I cried out to you Yahveh, I said, You are my refuge, my portion in the land of the living. [§]
Zaakti eilekha Yahveh amarti attah machsi chelki be eretz hachayim.
'Zaakti' means 'I cried out', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'amarti' means 'I said', 'attah' means 'you', 'machsi' means 'my refuge', 'chelki' means 'my portion', 'be' means 'in', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'hachayim' means 'of the living'.
[PSA.142.7] Listen to my song, for my frailty is great; rescue me from my pursuers, because they have found me. [§]
Hakshiva el-rinati ki-daloti meod hatzileni me-rodfei ki ametsu mimmeni.
'Hakshiva' means 'listen (imperative)', 'el-rinati' means 'to my song' or 'to my joy', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'daloti' means 'my weakness' or 'my frailty', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly', 'hatzileni' means 'save me' or 'rescue me', 'me-rodfei' means 'from my pursuers', the second 'ki' again means 'because', 'ametsu' means 'they have found', and 'mimmeni' means 'me' or 'against me'.
[PSA.142.8] You bring my soul out of the prison to give thanks to your name; in me the righteous will write because you will reward me. [§]
Hotsia mimasseger nafshi lehodot et-shemkha bi yachtiru tzaddikim ki tigmol alay.
'Hotsia' means 'brings out', 'mimasseger' means 'from prison', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'lehodot' means 'to give thanks', 'et-shemkha' means 'your name', 'bi' means 'in me', 'yachtiru' means 'they will write', 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous', 'ki' means 'because', 'tigmol' means 'you will reward', 'alay' means 'upon me'.
PSA.143
[PSA.143.1] A psalm of David, Yahveh. Hear my prayer; listen to my petitions; in your faithfulness answer me in your righteousness. [§]
Mizmor leDavid Yahveh shema tefilati ha'azina el-tachanunai be'emunateka aneini betzidkateka.
'Mizmor' means 'song' or 'psalm', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'shema' means 'hear', 'tefilati' means 'my prayer', 'ha'azina' means 'listen' or 'give ear', 'el' means 'to', 'tachanunai' means 'my petitions', 'be'emunateka' means 'in your faithfulness', 'aneini' means 'answer me', 'betzidkateka' means 'in your righteousness'.
[PSA.143.2] And do not go into judgment against your servant, for none shall be righteous before you, all living. [§]
Ve'al tavo be-mishpat et avdecha ki lo yitzdaq lefanekha kol chai.
'Ve' means 'and', 'al' means 'do not', 'tavo' means 'you shall go/enter', 'be-mishpat' means 'into judgment', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'yitzdaq' means 'shall be righteous', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'kol' means 'all', 'chai' means 'living' or 'alive'.
[PSA.143.3] Because the enemy pursued my soul, crushing my life to the earth, he has made me sit in darkness like the dead forever. [§]
Ki radaf oyev nafshi dika laaretz chayyati hoshivani bemachashakim kemeite olam.
'Ki' means 'Because', 'radaf' means 'pursued', 'oyev' means 'enemy', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'dika' means 'crushed' or 'oppressed', 'laaretz' means 'to the earth' or 'down to the ground', 'chayyati' means 'my life', 'hoshivani' means 'has caused me to sit' or 'has made me sit down', 'bemachashakim' means 'in darkness', 'kemeite' means 'like the dead', 'olam' means 'forever' or 'everlasting'.
[PSA.143.4] And my spirit wrapped upon me; within me my heart was amazed. [§]
vattita'atef alai ruchi betochi yishtomem libbi.
'vattita'atef' means 'and it wrapped' (from the verb to wrap or coil), 'alai' means 'upon me', 'ruchi' means 'my spirit', 'betochi' means 'in my interior' or 'within me', 'yishtomem' means 'it is amazed' or 'it marvels', 'libbi' means 'my heart'. The phrase describes the speaker's spirit being wrapped around them and their heart being astonished inside them.
[PSA.143.5] I have remembered days of old, I have praised in all your deeds, in the work of your hands I will rejoice. [§]
Zacharti yamim mikedem hagiti bechol-pa'olekha bema'aseh yadeikha asocheach.
'Zacharti' means 'I have remembered', 'yamim' means 'days', 'mikedem' means 'of old' or 'from before', 'hagiti' means 'I have praised', 'bekhol' means 'in all', 'pa'olekha' means 'your deeds/works', 'bema'aseh' means 'in the work', 'yadeikha' means 'of your hands', 'asocheach' means 'I will rejoice' or 'I will be glad'.
[PSA.143.6] I have spread my hands to you, my soul, like a stormy land, for you, selah. [§]
Perashti yaday eilekha nafshi ke'aretz aiefah lekha selah.
'Perashti' means 'I have spread', 'yaday' means 'my hands', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'ke'aretz' means 'like a land', 'aiefah' means 'stormy' or 'in turmoil', so 'ke'aretz aiefah' means 'like a stormy land', 'lekha' means 'for you', and 'selah' is a musical or liturgical pause in the text.
[PSA.143.7] Quickly answer me, Yahveh; my breath is exhausted; do not hide your face from me, lest I be cast down with those who go down into the pit. [§]
maher aneni Yahveh kaltah ruhi al-taster panecha mimeni vnimshalti im-yordei bor.
'maher' means 'quickly' or 'hasten', 'aneni' means 'answer me', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'kaltah' (from 'kalah') means 'has finished' or 'is exhausted', 'ruhi' means 'my breath' or 'my spirit', 'al-taster' means 'do not hide', 'panecha' means 'your face', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'vnimshalti' means 'and I will be humbled' or 'and I will be cast down', 'im-yordei' means 'with those who go down', 'bor' means 'pit'.
[PSA.143.8] Make me hear in the morning your lovingkindness, for in you I trusted; inform me the way I should go, for to you I have lifted up my soul. [§]
hashmiyeni ba'boker chasdeka ki-veka batakh'ti hodi'eni derekh-zu elekh ki-elekha nasati nafshi.
'hashmiyeni' means 'make me hear', 'ba'boker' means 'in the morning', 'chasdeka' means 'your lovingkindness', 'ki-veka' means 'for in you', 'batakh'ti' means 'I trusted', 'hodi'eni' means 'inform me', 'derekh-zu' means 'the way I should go', 'elekh' means 'I will go', 'ki-elekha' means 'for to you', 'nasati' means 'I have lifted up', 'nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[PSA.143.9] Save me from my enemies, Yahveh; to you I have taken shelter. [§]
hatzileni me'oyvai Yahveh elaykha kistit.
'hatzileni' means 'save me', 'me'oyvai' means 'from my enemies', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH and is translated as 'Yahveh', 'elaykha' means 'to you', and 'kistit' means 'I have hidden' or 'I have taken shelter'.
[PSA.143.10] Teach me to do your will, for you are my God, your good spirit guide me in the land of Mishor. [§]
lamme-dee la'a-soht retzoh-nekha ki attah Eloh-eye roo-khah toe-bah tan-kheh-nee be-eretz mishor.
'lamme-dee' means 'teach me'; 'la'a-soht' means 'to do'; 'retzoh-nekha' means 'your will'; 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'; 'attah' means 'you'; 'Eloh-eye' means 'my God' ('El' = God, with first‑person suffix); 'roo-khah' means 'your spirit'; 'toe-bah' means 'good'; together 'your good spirit'; 'tan-kheh-nee' means 'lead me' or 'guide me'; 'be-eretz' means 'in the land'; 'mishor' is a place name, meaning 'Mishor'.
[PSA.143.11] For the sake of your name Yahveh you will revive me; by your righteousness you will bring my soul out of distress. [§]
Le-ma'an shimkha Yahveh techayeni be-tzidkatekha totzi mitsara nafshi.
'Le-ma'an' means 'for the sake of', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'techayeni' means 'you will revive me', 'be-tzidkatekha' means 'by your righteousness', 'totzi' means 'you will bring out', 'mitsara' means 'distress', 'nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[PSA.143.12] And in your lovingkindness you will extinguish my enemies, and you will destroy all the oppressors of my soul, for I am your servant. [§]
U'vechasdecha tatzmiyt oyevai vehaavadta kol-tzorrei nafshi ki ani avdecha.
'U' means 'and', 'vechasdecha' means 'in your lovingkindness', 'tatzmiyt' means 'you will cut off' or 'extinguish', 'oyevi' means 'my enemies', 'vehaavadta' means 'and you will destroy', 'kol' means 'all', 'tzorrei' means 'the plotters/ oppressors', 'nafshi' means 'of my soul', 'ki' means 'for', 'ani' means 'I', 'avdecha' means 'your servant' (addressing God).
PSA.144
[PSA.144.1] To David. Blessed Yahveh, my rock, who trains my hands for battle, my fingers for war. [§]
LeDavid Baruch Yahveh tzuri hamlammed yaday lakrav etzvotai lamilchamah.
'LeDavid' means 'to David', 'Baruch' means 'blessed', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'tzuri' means 'my rock', 'hamlammed' means 'who trains', 'yaday' means 'my hands', 'lakrav' means 'for battle', 'etzvotai' means 'my fingers', 'lamilchamah' means 'for war'.
[PSA.144.2] My kindness and my fortress, my high place and my rescuer for me, my shield; and in it I have taken refuge, the one who descends my people beneath me. [§]
chasdi u-metzudati misgabi u-mefalti li magenni u-vo chasiti ha-roded ammi tachti.
'chasdi' means 'my kindness' or 'my mercy', 'u-metzudati' means 'and my fortress', 'misgabi' means 'my high place' or 'my lofty one', 'u-mefalti' means 'and my rescuer' or 'my deliverer', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'magenni' means 'my shield', 'u-vo' means 'and in it', 'chasiti' means 'I have taken refuge' or 'I have trusted', 'ha-roded' means 'the one who descends' or 'the one who dwells downwards', 'ammi' means 'my people', 'tachti' means 'under me' or 'beneath me'.
[PSA.144.3] Yahveh, what is man that you know him, son of man, and you have considered him. [§]
Yahveh ma adam vatedaehu ben enosh vatechashvehu.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'ma' means 'what'. 'adam' means 'man'. 'vatedaehu' combines 'v' (and) with 'tedae' (you know) and the suffix 'hu' (him), thus 'and you know him' or 'that you have known him'. 'ben' means 'son'. 'enosh' means 'human' or 'man', so 'ben enosh' is 'son of man'. 'vatechashvehu' is 'and you have considered him' ('v' = and, 'tachashve' = you consider, 'hu' = him).
[PSA.144.4] Man is vanity; his breath, his days are like a passing shadow. [§]
Adam lahevel damah yamav ketsel over.
'Adam' means 'man', 'lahevel' means 'is vanity' (hevel = vanity or futility), 'damah' means 'his breath', 'yamav' means 'his days', 'ketsel' means 'as a shadow', 'over' means 'passing' or 'that passes'.
[PSA.144.5] Yahveh, tilt your heavens and descend, strike the mountains and they shall be made. [§]
Yahveh hat shmecha ve-tered ga beharim ve-ye'ashanu.
'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH. 'hat' is the imperative form of 'tilt' or 'turn'. 'shmecha' means 'your heavens' (shamayim). 've-tered' means 'and you will descend' (imperative or narrative). 'ga' is a verb meaning 'strike' or 'smite'. 'beharim' means 'in the mountains'. 've-ye'ashanu' means 'and they will be made' or 'and they shall become'.
[PSA.144.6] Lightning, lightning, and scatter them; send your halves and be astonished. [§]
Berok barak utefitzem shelach chitzeka utehumem.
'Berok' means 'lightning', 'Barak' also means 'lightning' (a poetic repetition), 'Utefitzem' means 'and (you) scatter them', 'Shelach' means 'send' (imperative), 'Chitzeka' means 'your halves' or 'your split parts', 'Utehumem' means 'and (you) become bewildered / be astonished'.
[PSA.144.7] Send Yahveh's hand from the heavens, deliver me and rescue me from great waters, from the hand of foreigners. [§]
Shelach yadeikha mimarom petzeni ve hatzileini mimayim rabbim miyad bnei nechar.
'Shelach' means 'send', 'yadeikha' means 'your hand', 'mimarom' means 'from the heavens', 'petzeni' means 'deliver me', 've hatzileini' means 'and rescue me', 'mimayim' means 'from waters', 'rabbim' means 'great', 'miyad' means 'from the hand', 'bnei' means 'sons' or 'children', 'nechar' means 'foreigners'. The pronoun 'your' refers to the deity, which is rendered literally as Yahveh.
[PSA.144.8] who speak lies with their mouths, and their right hand is false. [§]
asher pihem diber shav vi-yeminam yemin shaker.
'asher' means 'who' or 'which', 'pihem' means 'their mouths', 'diber' means 'spoke' or 'said', 'shav' means 'falseness' or 'lies', 'vi-' is the conjunction 'and', 'yeminam' means 'their right hand', 'yemin' means 'right hand', and 'shaker' means 'falsehood' or 'deceit'.
[PSA.144.9] the Gods, a new song I will sing to you with a ten stringed harp I will sing to you. [§]
Elohim shir chadash ashira lecha, benevel asor azammerah lecha.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'shir' means 'song', 'chadash' means 'new', 'ashira' means 'I will sing', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'benevel' means 'with a lyre' or 'with a harp', 'asor' means 'ten' (referring to ten strings), 'azammerah' means 'I will sing' (a poetic form), and the final 'lecha' again means 'to you'.
[PSA.144.10] The one who gives salvation to the kings, the one who brings forth David his servant from an evil sword. [§]
ha-noten teshua la-melachim ha-potzeh et-David avdo me-cherav raah.
'ha-noten' means 'the one who gives', 'teshua' means 'salvation', 'la-melachim' means 'to the kings', 'ha-potzeh' means 'the one who brings forth', 'et-David' is the name David with the direct‑object marker (translated simply as 'David'), 'avdo' means 'his servant', 'me-cherav' means 'from a sword', 'raah' means 'evil' or 'bad'.
[PSA.144.11] Save me and rescue me from the hand of the foreigners whose lips speak lies, and whose right hand is a hand of falsehood. [§]
Petzeni ve-hatzileni mi-yad b'nei nechar asher pihem diber shav ve-yeminam yamin shakhr.
'Petzeni' means 'save me' or 'deliver me', 've-hatzileni' means 'and rescue me', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'b'nei nechar' means 'the sons of a foreigner' or 'foreigners', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'pihem' means 'their mouth' or 'their lips', 'diber shav' means 'speak falsehood' or 'speak lies', 've-yeminam' means 'and their right hand', 'yamin shakhr' means 'a hand of falsehood' or 'a false right hand'.
[PSA.144.12] Which are our sons, like saplings, great in their youth; our daughters, like ornaments, beautifully adorned, the design of the temple. [§]
Asher baneinu kintiatim megudalim bin'ureihem benotenu k'zeviyot mechutavot tavnit heikhal.
'Asher' means 'that' or 'which'; 'baneinu' means 'our sons' or 'our children'; 'kintiatim' (from the root *kenet*) means 'like saplings' or 'as seedlings'; 'megudalim' (from *gadal*) means 'magnificent' or 'great'; 'bin'ureihem' means 'in their youth' or 'in their tender years'; 'benotenu' means 'our daughters'; 'k'zeviyot' means 'like ornaments' or 'as adornments'; 'mechutavot' (from *chutav*) means 'embellished' or 'adorned'; 'tavnit' means 'structure' or 'design'; 'heikhal' means 'temple' or 'house of worship'.
[PSA.144.13] Our disgrace fills, they bring forth from grain to grain our departure, the lifted, the raised, in our outskirts. [§]
mezaveinu mele'im mefikim miz zan el-za n tzooneinu ma'alipot merubavot bechutsoteinu.
'mezaveinu' means 'our disgrace' or 'our shame'; 'mele\'im' means 'they fill' or 'fill'; 'mefikim' means 'they bring forth' or 'produce'; 'miz zan' means 'from grain' or 'from provision'; 'el-za n' (el-za'n) means 'to grain' or 'to provision'; 'tzooneinu' means 'our going out' or 'our departure'; 'ma'alipot' means 'the lifted' or 'the ones who are raised up'; 'merubavot' means 'the raised' or 'the elevated'; 'bechutsoteinu' means 'in our outskirts' or 'in the corners of our land'.
[PSA.144.14] Our neighborhoods are cultivated; there is no breach, no exit, and no escape in our streets. [§]
Alupeinu mesubalim ein-peretz veein yotzet veein tsevachah birchovoteinu.
'Alupeinu' means 'our neighborhoods', 'mesubalim' means 'are cultivated', 'ein-peretz' means 'there is no breach', 'veein' means 'and there is no', 'yotzet' means 'exit', 'tsevachah' means 'escape', 'birchovoteinu' means 'in our streets'.
[PSA.144.15] Blessed is the people who are like him; blessed is the people that Yahveh is their God. [§]
Ashrei ha'am shekacha lo, ashrei ha'am sheYahveh Elohav.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'shekacha' is a compound of 'she' (that) and 'kacha' (like, similar to), so together it means 'who is like', 'lo' means 'him', the second clause repeats 'ashrei ha'am' ('blessed is the people'), 'sheYahveh' combines the relative particle 'she' (that) with the divine name YHWH rendered as 'Yahveh', and 'Elohav' is the Hebrew noun 'Eloah' (God) with the suffix '-av' meaning 'his', thus 'his God'.
PSA.145
[PSA.145.1] A psalm of David. I will exalt you, my God the King, and I will bless your name forever and ever. [§]
Tehillah leDavid Aroimkha Elohai haMelekh veAvarakha shimkha leolam vaed.
'Tehillah' means 'a psalm' or 'praise', 'leDavid' means 'of David', 'Aroimkha' means 'I will exalt you', 'Elohai' means 'my God', 'haMelekh' means 'the King', 'veAvarakha' means 'and I will bless', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'vaed' means 'and ever'.
[PSA.145.2] Every day I will bless you and I will praise your name forever and ever. [§]
B'khol yom avarkhekha va'ahalla shimkha le'olam va'ed.
'B'khol' means 'in all' or 'every', 'yom' means 'day', 'avarkhekha' means 'I will bless you', 'va'ahalla' means 'and I will praise', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'va'ed' means 'and ever'.
[PSA.145.3] Great Yahveh and greatly praised, and his greatness has no measure. [§]
Gadol Yahveh u-mehullal meod ve-li-gedulo ein heker.
'Gadol' means 'great', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'u-mehullal' means 'and praised', 'meod' means 'greatly' or 'very', 've-li-gedulo' means 'and to his greatness', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'heker' means 'measure' or 'limit'.
[PSA.145.4] From generation to generation shall praise Yahveh's works, and they shall proclaim Yahveh's mighty deeds. [§]
Dor le-dor yeshabach ma'asecha ve-geburotcha yagidu.
'Dor' means 'generation', 'le-dor' means 'to generation' (together 'Dor le-dor' means 'from generation to generation'), 'yeshabach' means 'will praise', 'ma'asecha' means 'your works', 've-geburotcha' means 'and your mighty deeds', 'yagidu' means 'they will tell' or 'they will proclaim'. The pronoun 'your' refers to Yahveh, the name of God, which is rendered literally as 'Yahveh'.
[PSA.145.5] Splendor of the glory of your glory and the words of your wonders I will speak. [§]
hadar kavod hodkha ve-dibre niflaotekha ashicha.
'hadar' means 'splendor' or 'glory of beauty'. 'kavod' means 'glory' or 'honor'. 'hodkha' is 'your glory' ('hod' = glory, '-kha' = your). 've-dibre' means 'and the words' ('ve' = and, 'dibre' = words). 'niflaotekha' means 'your wonders' ('niflaot' = wonders, '-kha' = your). 'ashicha' means 'I will speak' or 'I will utter'.
[PSA.145.6] And the strength of your wonders they will speak, and your greatness I will recount. [§]
veezuz noreotekha yomeru ugdullatekha asapperenna.
'veezuz' means 'and strength', 'noreotekha' means 'your wonders' or 'your awe-inspiring deeds', 'yomeru' means 'they will say' or 'they speak', 'ugdullatekha' means 'and your greatness', 'asapperenna' means 'I will recount' or 'I will tell'.
[PSA.145.7] They will proclaim the great remembrance of your goodness, and your righteousness will make us rejoice. [§]
Zecher rav-tuvkha yabbiu ve-tzidkatekha yerannenou.
'Zecher' means 'memory' or 'remembrance', 'rav' means 'great', 'tuvkha' means 'your goodness', together 'rav-tuvkha' means 'great goodness of you'. 'Yabbiu' (verb) means 'they will proclaim' or 'they will speak out'. 'Ve' is the conjunction 'and'. 'tzidkatekha' means 'your righteousness'. 'Yerannenou' (verb) means 'will cause us to rejoice' or 'will make us sing with joy'.
[PSA.145.8] Compassionate and merciful Yahveh, slow to anger and great in kindness. [§]
Chanun veRachum Yahveh erekh apayim uGdal chesed.
'Chanun' means 'compassionate' or 'gracious', 'veRachum' means 'and merciful', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'erekh' means 'long' or 'slow', 'apayim' refers to 'anger' (literally 'nostrils' metaphorically indicating wrath), 'uGdal' means 'and great', and 'chesed' means 'kindness' or 'loving‑kindness'.
[PSA.145.9] Good Yahveh to all and his mercy over all his works. [§]
Tov Yahveh la kol ve rachamav al kol maasav.
'Tov' means 'good', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'la' means 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 've' means 'and', 'rachamav' means 'his mercy', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'maasav' means 'his works'.
[PSA.145.10] They will give thanks to Yahveh, all your works, and your faithful ones will bless you. [§]
Yodu'kha Yahveh kol ma'asekha vehasidekha yevarkhukeha.
'Yodu'kha' means 'they will give thanks to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'kol' means 'all', 'ma'asekha' means 'your works', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'hasidekha' means 'your faithful ones', 'yevarkhukeha' means 'they will bless you'.
[PSA.145.11] They will proclaim the glory of your kingdom, and they will speak of your might. [§]
Kavod malkutcha yomru ugevuratcha yedabru.
'Kavod' means 'glory', 'malkutcha' means 'your kingdom', 'yomru' means 'they will say', 'ugevuratcha' means 'and your might/strength', 'yedabru' means 'they will speak'.
[PSA.145.12] To inform the children of man of his mighty deeds and the glory, splendor of his kingdom. [§]
Lehodi'a livnei haadam gevurotav vekhvod hadar malkuto.
'Lehodi'a' means 'to make known' or 'to inform', 'livnei' means 'to the sons' or 'to the children', 'haadam' means 'of man' or 'human', 'gevurotav' means 'his mighty deeds' (from 'gevurah' = might, with his suffix), 'vekhvod' means 'and the honor' or 'glory', 'hadar' means 'splendor' or 'beauty', 'malkuto' means 'his kingdom' (from 'malkut' = kingdom with his suffix).
[PSA.145.13] Your kingdom is the kingdom of all ages, and your dominion is throughout every generation. [§]
Malchutkha malchut kol-olamim u-memsheltkha be-chol dor va-dor.
'Malchutkha' means 'Your kingdom', 'malchut' means 'kingdom', 'kol-olamim' means 'all ages' or 'all worlds', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'memsheltkha' means 'Your dominion', 'be-chol' means 'in all' or 'throughout', 'dor' means 'generation' or 'era', 'va-dor' means 'and generation' (a poetic way to say 'through every generation').
[PSA.145.14] Yahveh upholds all the fallen and lifts up all the humbled. [§]
somech Yahveh lekol ha-noflim vezoqef lekol ha-kfupim.
'somech' means 'upholds' or 'supports', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lekol' means 'to all' or 'for all', 'ha-noflim' means 'the fallen' (those who have stumbled), 'vezoqef' means 'and lifts up' or 'and raises', 'ha-kfupim' means 'the humbled' (those who have been bowed down). The phrase follows Hebrew word order, with the conjunction 've' meaning 'and'.
[PSA.145.15] All eyes to you will be satisfied, and you give them their food in its time. [§]
Einay kol eilekha yishaberu ve'atah notein-lahhem et-akhlam be'ito.
'Einay' means 'eyes', 'kol' means 'all', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'yishaberu' means 'will be satisfied', 've'atah' means 'and you', 'notein-lahhem' means 'give to them', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'akhlam' means 'their food', 'be'ito' means 'in its time'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special name translation is needed.
[PSA.145.16] He opens your hand and satisfies every living creature with favor. [§]
Poteach et yadekha u-masbia lechol chai ratzon.
'Poteach' means 'opens', 'et' is the accusative particle marking the object, 'yadekha' means 'your hand', 'u-masbia' means 'and satisfies', 'lechol' means 'to all' or 'for every', 'chai' means 'living (creature)', 'ratzon' means 'with pleasure' or 'with favor'.
[PSA.145.17] Righteous Yahveh in all his ways, and faithful in all his works. [§]
Tzadik Yahveh bechol derachav vechassid bechol ma'asav.
'Tzadik' means 'righteous', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'bechol' means 'in all', 'derachav' means 'his ways', 'vechassid' means 'and faithful' (or 'devout'), 'ma'asav' means 'his works' or 'his deeds'.
[PSA.145.18] Near is Yahveh to all who call Him in truth. [§]
Karov Yahveh lechol koreav lechol asher yikrahu beemet.
'Karov' means 'near', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lechol' means 'to all', 'koreav' means 'those who call Him', the second 'lechol' again means 'to all', 'asher' means 'who', 'yikrahu' means 'call Him', and 'beemet' means 'in truth'.
[PSA.145.19] He will fulfill the desire of those who fear Him, and He will hear their cry and save them. [§]
retzon-yereav yaaseh ve'et-shavatham yishma veyoshiem
'retzon' means 'desire', 'yereav' means 'of the fearers (those who fear Him)', 'yaaseh' means 'He will do/fulfill', 've'et' means 'and', 'shavatham' means 'their cry', 'yishma' means 'He will hear', 'veyoshiem' means 'and He will save them'.
[PSA.145.20] Yahveh guards all his lovers, and He destroys all the wicked. [§]
Shomer Yahveh et kol ohevav ve'et kol hareshaim yashmid.
'Shomer' means 'protects' or 'guards', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'et' is a direct object marker with no English equivalent, 'kol' means 'all', 'ohevav' means 'his lovers' (those who love Yahveh), 've'et' means 'and also' (the second object marker), 'hareshaim' means 'the wicked' or 'evildoers', 'yashmid' means 'He will destroy' or 'He will wipe out'.
[PSA.145.21] Praise of Yahveh; my mouth will speak and bless all flesh, his holy name forever and ever. [§]
Tehillat Yahveh yedaber pi vivarech kol basar shem kodsho leolam vaed.
'Tehillat' means 'praise', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'yedaber' means 'will speak', 'pi' means 'my mouth', 'vivarech' means 'and will bless', 'kol' means 'all', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'shem' means 'name', 'kodsho' means 'his holy', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'vaed' means 'and ever'.
PSA.146
[PSA.146.1] Praise Yah! Praise, my soul, Yahveh. [§]
Halleluyah hal'li nafshi et Yahveh.
'Halleluyah' means 'praise Yah' (with 'Yah' being a short form of the divine name YHVH, rendered as Yahveh), 'hal'li' means 'praise', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', and 'et' is the Hebrew direct‑object marker (not rendered in English). 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[PSA.146.2] I will praise Yahveh in my life; I will sing to my God while I live. [§]
Ahal'la Yehovah bechayai azammerah leElohai beodai.
'Ahal'la' means 'I will praise', 'Yehovah' means 'Yahveh' (the name YHVH), 'bechayai' means 'in my life', 'azammerah' means 'I will sing', 'leElohai' means 'to my God' (El = God with first‑person possessive), 'beodai' means 'while I live'.
[PSA.146.3] Do not trust in the generous in a son of man who has no salvation. [§]
Al-tivtchu binadivim be-ben adam she-ein lo teshua.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tivtchu' means 'you (plural) trust', 'binadivim' means 'in the generous' (plural form of 'nadiv' = generous, noble), 'be-ben' means 'in the son', 'adam' means 'man' or 'human', 'she' is a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'that', 'ein' means 'there is not' or 'no', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'for him', 'teshua' means 'salvation' or 'rescues'.
[PSA.146.4] His spirit will go out, he will return to his ground; on that day his earrings were lost. [§]
Teitzeh ruho yashuv le'admato bayom hahu avdu eshtonotav.
'Teitzeh' means 'will go out', 'ruho' means 'his spirit', 'yashuv' means 'will return', 'le'admato' means 'to his ground/earth', 'bayom' means 'in the day', 'hahu' means 'that (specific) day', 'avdu' means 'were lost/disappeared', 'eshtonotav' means 'his earrings'.
[PSA.146.5] Blessed is the one who seeks Jacob's help, his need in Yahveh his God. [§]
Ashrei she'el Ya'akov be'ezro shivro al-Yahveh Elohav.
'Ashrei' means 'blessed' or 'happy'. 'She'el' is a verb form meaning 'who asks' or 'who seeks'. 'Ya'akov' is the proper name 'Jacob'. 'Be'ezro' means 'in his help' or 'with his assistance'. 'Shivro' derives from the root meaning 'thirst' or 'longing', here understood as 'his need' or 'his desire'. 'Al' means 'upon' or 'in'. 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH. 'Elohav' is the singular form of 'Elohim' with a possessive suffix, meaning 'his God'.
[PSA.146.6] Maker of the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them, the keeper of truth forever. [§]
Oseh shamayim va'aretz et ha-yam ve'et kol a-sher bam ha-shomer e-met le-olam.
'Oseh' means 'maker' or 'he who makes', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'va'aretz' means 'and earth', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 've'et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'a-sher' means 'that/which', 'bam' means 'in them', 'ha-shomer' means 'the keeper' or 'the watcher', 'e-met' means 'truth', 'le-olam' means 'forever' or 'for eternity'.
[PSA.146.7] He who makes justice for the guilty, gives bread to the hungry; Yahveh releases the prisoners. [§]
Ose mishpat la'ashukim, noten lechem la-re'evim, Yahveh matir asurim.
'Ose' means 'does' or 'makes', 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'justice', 'la'ashukim' means 'for the guilty' (plural), 'noten' means 'gives', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'la-re'evim' means 'to the hungry', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'matir' means 'releases' or 'sets free', and 'asurim' means 'prisoners' (those who are bound).
[PSA.146.8] Yahveh awakens the blind, Yahveh lifts the humbled, Yahveh loves the righteous. [§]
Yahveh pokeyach ivrim Yahveh zokeif kefupim Yahveh ohev tzaddikim.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'pokeyach' means 'awakening' or 'who opens (the eyes of)'. 'ivrim' means 'the blind'. 'zokeif' means 'lifting up' or 'raising'. 'kefupim' means 'the humbled' or 'the bowed down'. 'ohev' means 'loves'. 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous'.
[PSA.146.9] Yahveh watches the foreigners, the orphan and the widow, and He makes the way of the wicked crooked. [§]
Yahveh shomer et gerim yatom ve almanah yeodod ve derekh reshahim yeavet.
'Yahveh' is the personal name of God. 'shomer' means 'watcher' or 'guardian'. 'et' is a Hebrew particle marking the direct object. 'gerim' means 'foreigners' or 'sojourners'. 'yatom' means 'orphan'. 've' is the conjunction 'and'. 'almanah' means 'widow'. 'yeodod' is a verb meaning 'preserves' or 'protects'. 'derekh' means 'way' or 'road'. 'reshahim' means 'wicked' or 'evildoers'. 'yeavet' means 'makes crooked' or 'perverts'.
[PSA.146.10] Yahveh will reign forever, your God Zion for generation and generation, praise Yah. [§]
Yimloch Yahveh le'olam Elohayich Tzion le dor va dor Halleluyah.
'Yimloch' means 'will reign', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'Elohayich' means 'your God' (Eloah = God with a second‑person possessive suffix), 'Tzion' means 'Zion', 'le dor va dor' means 'for generation and generation', 'Halleluyah' means 'praise Yah' (a short form of Hallelu Yahweh).
PSA.147
[PSA.147.1] Praise Yahveh, for good is the song of our God, for pleasant and beautiful is the hymn. [§]
Halleluyah ki tov zamrah Eloheinu ki naim naava tehilla.
'Halleluyah' means 'Praise Yah', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'tov' means 'good', 'zamrah' means 'song' or 'praise', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God' (the literal rendering of the divine name Elohim with the possessive suffix), 'naim' means 'pleasant', 'naava' means 'beautiful' or 'lovely', and 'tehilla' means 'praise' or 'hymn'. The name 'Yah' is a shortened form of YHVH and is rendered as 'Yahveh' according to the literal naming rule.
[PSA.147.2] Yahveh who builds Jerusalem will gather the outcasts of Israel. [§]
Boneh Yerushalayim Yahveh nidchei Yisrael yichanes.
'Boneh' means 'builder' or 'who builds', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'nidchei' means 'the outcasts' (plural construct), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'yichanes' means 'will bring together' or 'will gather'.
[PSA.147.3] He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds. [§]
Ha rofeh le sh'vu-rei lev u mechabesh le atzvotam.
'Ha' means 'the', 'rofeh' means 'healer', 'le' means 'of' or 'for', 'sh'vu-rei' means 'broken (plural construct)', 'lev' means 'heart', so 'sh'vu-rei lev' means 'broken‑hearted', 'u' means 'and', 'mechabesh' means 'one who binds', 'le' means 'to/for', 'atzvotam' means 'their wounds'.
[PSA.147.4] He counts the number of the stars; for all of them he calls names. [§]
Moneh mispar lakokhavim lekullam shemot yikra.
'Moneh' means 'he counts', 'mispar' means 'the number', 'lakokhavim' means 'of the stars', 'lekullam' means 'for all of them', 'shemot' means 'names', 'yikra' means 'he will call' or 'he will name'.
[PSA.147.5] Great is our Lord and abundant in power; to his understanding there is no number. [§]
Gadol Adoneinu ve-rav koach li-t'vunato ein mispar.
'Gadol' means 'great', 'Adoneinu' means 'our Lord' (Adonai = my Lord, here in the plural possessive), 've-rav' means 'and abundant', 'koach' means 'strength' or 'power', 'li-t'vunato' means 'to his understanding/insight', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'mispar' means 'number' or 'count'.
[PSA.147.6] Yahveh counts the humble, He brings down the wicked to the ends of the earth. [§]
meoded anavim Yahveh mashpil reshʾaim adei-aretz.
'meoded' means 'counts' or 'appoints', 'anavim' means 'the humble', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'mashpil' means 'brings down' or 'lowers', 'reshʾaim' (reshaim) means 'the wicked', and 'adei-aretz' means 'to the ends of the earth' (literally 'until earth', indicating far over the earth).
[PSA.147.7] Answer Yahveh with thanksgiving, sing to our God with a harp. [§]
Enu laYahveh betodah zamru leEloheinu bechinor.
'Enu' means 'answer', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'betodah' means 'with thanksgiving', 'zamru' means 'sing', 'leEloheinu' means 'to our God', 'bechinor' means 'with a harp'.
[PSA.147.8] The one who covers the heavens with clouds, the one who prepares rain for the earth, the one who makes the mountains sprout grass. [§]
hamkasseh shamayim be'avim hammechin laaretz matar hamatzmich harim chatzir.
'hamkasseh' means 'the covering one', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'be'avim' means 'in clouds', 'hammechin' means 'the preparing one', 'laaretz' means 'for the earth', 'matar' means 'rain', 'hamatzmich' means 'the causing to sprout one', 'harim' means 'the mountains', 'chatzir' means 'grass'.
[PSA.147.9] He gives the beast its bread, to the raven's offspring that they call. [§]
notein livhema lachmah livnei orev asher yikrau.
'notein' means 'gives', 'livhema' means 'to the beast/animal', 'lachmah' means 'its bread' (literally 'to its bread'), 'livnei' means 'to the sons/offspring of', 'orev' means 'raven', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yikrau' means 'they will call' or 'they are called'.
[PSA.147.10] He does not desire the strength of the horse, nor the wisdom of the man. [§]
Lo bigevurat ha-sus yechpats lo-beshokei ha-ish yirtzeh.
'Lo' means 'not'. 'Bi' is a preposition meaning 'in' or 'by'. 'Gevurat' means 'strength' or 'might'. 'Ha-sus' is 'the horse'. 'Yechpats' is the verb 'he will desire' (from chafetz, to desire). The second clause: 'Lo' again means 'not'. 'Be' is the preposition 'in'. 'Shokei' is the construct plural of 'shok', meaning 'wisdom', 'cunning', or 'skill'. 'Ha-ish' means 'the man'. 'Yirtzeh' is the verb 'he will be pleased' or 'he will desire' (from ratzah). The verse therefore contrasts what he does not seek: the physical power of a horse and the cleverness/skill of a person.
[PSA.147.11] Yahveh desires his fearful ones, the ones longing for his kindness. [§]
Rotzeh Yahveh et-yereav et-hamiychalim lechasso.
'Rotzeh' means 'desires' or 'takes pleasure in', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'et' is a grammatical marker with no direct English equivalent, 'yereav' means 'his fearful ones' (those who fear Him), the second 'et' serves the same function, 'hamiychalim' means 'the longing ones' or 'those who hope', and 'lechasso' means 'for his kindness' or 'in his lovingkindness'.
[PSA.147.12] Praise, Jerusalem, Yahveh; praise your God, Zion. [§]
Shabchi Yerushalem et-Yahveh haleli Elohayich Tzion.
'Shabchi' is the feminine singular imperative meaning 'praise' addressed to Jerusalem, 'Yerushalem' is the name Jerusalem, 'et-Yahveh' means 'Yahveh' (the LORD, translating YHVH as Yahveh), 'haleli' is another feminine singular imperative meaning 'praise', 'Elohayich' is 'your God' (Eloah translated as God), and 'Tzion' is the name Zion. The verse addresses two places, Jerusalem and Zion, calling each to praise the deity.
[PSA.147.13] For your gates are strong, your sons are blessed in your midst. [§]
ki hizzak brihei shearayich berach banayich bekirbech.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'hizzak' means 'is strong' (from the verb chazak), 'brihei' means 'in the openings' (construct form of a word meaning breach or opening), 'shearayich' means 'your gates' (plural of sha'ar with second‑person feminine singular suffix), 'berach' means 'blessed' (verb form of barach), 'banayich' means 'your sons' (banay + second‑person feminine singular suffix), 'bekirbech' means 'in your midst' (be + kirb meaning interior, with the same suffix).
[PSA.147.14] He who sets your border shall give you peace, milk, wheat, and satisfy you. [§]
hasham-gvulekh shalom cheleb chitim yashbiach.
'hasham' means 'the One who sets', 'gvulekh' means 'your border', together they mean 'the One who sets your border'. 'shalom' means 'peace'. 'cheleb' means 'milk'. 'chitim' means 'wheat' or 'grain'. 'yashbiach' means 'will satisfy you' or 'will give you sustenance'.
[PSA.147.15] The one who sends his word to the earth runs his word swiftly. [§]
Hasholeach imrato arets ad-mehera yarutz d'varo.
'Hasholeach' means 'the one who sends', 'imrato' means 'his word' or 'his utterance', 'arets' means 'the earth', 'ad' means 'until' or 'to', 'mehera' means 'quickly' or 'swiftly', 'yarutz' means 'runs' (present tense), 'd'varo' means 'his word' again.
[PSA.147.16] He who gives snow like wool, like frost like ash he scatters. [§]
Ha-noten sheleg ka-tzemer kephor ka-efar yefazer.
'Ha-noten' means 'He who gives', 'sheleg' means 'snow', 'ka-tzemer' means 'like wool', 'kephor' means 'like frost', 'ka-efar' means 'like ash', 'yefazer' means 'he scatters'.
[PSA.147.17] Casting his baldness as a covering before his anger, who will stand? [§]
Mashlich karcho kfitim lifnei karato mi ya'amod.
"Mashlich" means "casting", "karcho" means "his baldness", "kfitim" means "as a covering", "lifnei" means "before", "karato" means "his anger", "mi" means "who", "ya'amod" means "will stand".
[PSA.147.18] He will send his word and crush it; he will make his spirit dwell, and water will flow. [§]
Yishlach devro veyamsem yashev ruacho yizlu mayim.
'Yishlach' means 'he will send', 'devro' means 'his word', 'veyamsem' means 'and he will crush/destroy it', 'yashev' means 'he will cause to sit or dwell', 'ruacho' means 'his spirit', 'yizlu' means 'they will flow or pour down', 'mayim' means 'water'.
[PSA.147.19] He declares his word to Jacob, his statutes and his judgments to Israel. [§]
Maggid d'varav leYaakov chukav u-mishpatai leYisrael.
'Maggid' means 'He who declares', 'd'varav' means 'his word', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'chukav' means 'his statutes', 'u-mishpatai' means 'and his judgments', 'leYisrael' means 'to Israel'. The pronoun 'his' refers to God, but the divine name itself is not written in the verse.
[PSA.147.20] He did not do so to every nation, and they do not know the judgments; Praise Yahveh. [§]
Lo asah ken lechol-goy u-mishpateem bal yid'um halelu-yah.
'Lo' means 'not', 'asah' means 'did' or 'made', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'lechol' means 'to every', 'goy' means 'nation', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'mishpateem' means 'judgments', 'bal' means 'not', 'yid'um' means 'they know them', 'halelu' is the imperative 'praise', 'yah' is the short form of the divine name YHVH, which we render as 'Yahveh'.
PSA.148
[PSA.148.1] Praise Yah! Praise Yahveh from the heavens; praise Him in the heights. [§]
Hallel Yah! Hallel et-Yahveh min ha-shamayim; halleluhu ba-meromim.
'Hallel' means 'Praise' (imperative plural). 'Yah' is a shortened form of the divine name YHVH, translated as 'Yahveh'. 'et' is a direct object marker, rendered here as 'the'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'min' means 'from'. 'ha' is the definite article 'the'. 'shamayim' means 'heavens'. 'halleluhu' means 'Praise Him', with 'hu' referring to the divine being already named. 'ba' is the preposition 'in' combined with the definite article. 'meromim' means 'heights' or 'high places'.
[PSA.148.2] Praise him, all his angels; praise him, all his hosts. [§]
Halleluhu kol mal'achav halleluhu kol tzeva'o.
'Halleluhu' means 'praise him', 'kol' means 'all', 'mal'achav' means 'his angels', the second 'Halleluhu' repeats 'praise him', and 'tzeva'o' means 'his hosts' or 'his armies'.
[PSA.148.3] Praise Him, sun and moon; praise Him, all stars of light. [§]
Halleluhu shemesh veyareach halleluhu kol-kokhvei or.
'Halleluhu' means 'praise Him', 'shemesh' means 'sun', 'veyareach' means 'and moon', 'halleluhu' repeats 'praise Him', 'kol' means 'all', 'kokhvei' means 'stars of', 'or' means 'light'.
[PSA.148.4] Praise Him, heavens of the heavens, and the waters that are above the heavens. [§]
Halleluhu shmei ha-shamayim ve-hamayim asher me'al ha-shamayim.
'Halleluhu' means 'Praise Him'. 'Shmei' means 'heavens of' (the plural construct form of 'shamayim' meaning 'heaven'). 'Ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens'. 'Ve' is a conjunction meaning 'and'. 'Hayamim' means 'the waters'. 'Asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'Me'al' means 'above' or 'upon'. 'Ha-shamayim' again means 'the heavens'.
[PSA.148.5] Praise the name of Yahveh, for he ordered and they were created. [§]
Yehallelú et-shem Yahveh ki hu tzivvá ve-nivraú.
'Yehallelú' means 'praise' (imperative plural), 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'shem' means 'name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'hu' means 'he', 'tzivvá' means 'ordered' or 'commanded', and 've-nivraú' means 'and they were created' (from the verb nibar).
[PSA.148.6] He established them forever, a decree given that shall not pass. [§]
Vayyamaidemeem laad leolam chak-natan velo yaavor.
'Vayyamaidemeem' means 'and he established them', 'laad' means 'forever', 'leolam' means 'for ever', 'chak-natan' means 'a decree [that] gave', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yaavor' means 'shall pass'.
[PSA.148.7] Praise Yahveh from the earth, sea monsters and all the deeps. [§]
Hal'lu et Yahveh min haaretz taninim vechol tehomot.
'Hal'lu' means 'Praise', 'et' is the direct object marker and is not translated, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'min' means 'from', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'taninim' means 'sea monsters' or 'sea creatures', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'tehomot' means 'the deeps' or 'the deep places'.
[PSA.148.8] Fire and hail, snow and frost, wind and storm—He does his word. [§]
Esh uvarad sheleg veqitor ruach searah osa dvaro.
'Esh' means 'fire', 'uvarad' means 'and hail', 'sheleg' means 'snow', 'veqitor' means 'and frost', 'ruach' means 'wind' (or spirit), 'searah' means 'storm', 'osa' means 'does/makes', 'dvaro' means 'his word' (i.e., what He says). The verse lists natural forces and then states that He carries out His word.
[PSA.148.9] the mountains and all the hills, a fruit tree and all cedars. [§]
heh ha-ramim ve-kol gevaot etz peri ve-kol arezim
'heh' means 'the' (masculine plural), 'ha-ramim' means 'mountains', 've-kol' means 'and all', 'gevaot' means 'hills', 'etz' means 'tree', 'peri' means 'fruit' (as a modifier 'fruit tree'), 've-kol' again means 'and all', 'arezim' means 'cedars'.
[PSA.148.10] The living creature and all domesticated animals, creeping thing and bird of wing. [§]
ha-chayah ve-khol-behemah remesh ve-tsippor kanaf.
'ha-chayah' means 'the living creature', 've-khol-behemah' means 'and all domesticated animals', 'remesh' means 'creeping thing', 've-tsippor' means 'and bird', 'kanaf' means 'wing' or 'of wing'.
[PSA.148.11] Kings of the earth and all the nations, princes and all the judges of the earth. [§]
Malkei eretz vechol le'umim sarim vechol shofthei aretz.
'Malkei' means 'kings', 'eretz' means 'earth', together 'kings of the earth'. 'vechol' means 'and all', 'le'umim' means 'nations' (peoples). 'sarim' means 'princes' or 'rulers'. 'vechol' again means 'and all', 'shofthei' means 'judges of', and 'aretz' again means 'earth'.
[PSA.148.12] Young men and also maidens, elders with youths. [§]
Bachurim ve-gam betulot zeqenim im ne'arim.
'Bachurim' means 'young men', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'betulot' means 'maidens' or 'virgins', 'zeqenim' means 'elders', 'im' means 'with', 'ne'arim' means 'young people' or 'boys'.
[PSA.148.13] Praise the name Yahveh, for his name alone is exalted; his glory is over the earth and the heavens. [§]
Yehalelu et-shem Yahveh ki-nisgav shemo levado hodo al-eretz ve-shamayim.
'Yehalelu' means 'praise' (imperative plural), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shem' means 'name', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'nisgav' means 'is exalted' or 'is lofty', 'shemo' means 'his name', 'levado' means 'alone' or 'by itself', 'hodo' means 'his glory', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'eretz' means 'earth', 've' means 'and', 'shamayim' means 'heavens'.
[PSA.148.14] And he lifted up a horn to his people, praise for all his faithful, for the children of Israel, his near people, praise Yahveh. [§]
va-yarem keren le'ammo tehilah lechol chasidav livnei Yisrael am kerovo halelu yah.
'va-yarem' means 'and he raised', 'keren' means 'horn', 'le'ammo' means 'to his people', 'tehilah' means 'praise', 'lechol chasidav' means 'for all his faithful', 'livnei' means 'for the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'am kerovo' means 'his near people', 'halelu yah' means 'praise Yahveh'.
PSA.149
[PSA.149.1] Praise Yah, sing to Yahveh a new song, his praise in the assembly of the faithful. [§]
Halleluyah shiru laYahveh shir chadash tehilato bikahal chasidim.
'Halleluyah' means 'praise Yah', 'shiru' means 'sing', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'shir' means 'song', 'chadash' means 'new', 'tehilato' means 'his praise', 'bikahal' means 'in the assembly', 'chasidim' means 'the faithful ones' or 'the faithful'.
[PSA.149.2] Israel will rejoice in his deeds, the children of Zion will rejoice in their king. [§]
Yismach Yisrael be'osav, b'nei Tziyon yagilu b'malkam.
'Yismach' means 'will rejoice', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'be'osav' means 'in his deeds' or 'in his work', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Tziyon' means 'Zion', 'yagilu' means 'will rejoice', 'b'malkam' means 'in their king' or 'with their king'.
[PSA.149.3] Let them praise Yahveh's name with cymbals, with tambourine, and with harp sing to Him. [§]
yehalelu shmo be-machol be-tof ve-kinor yizammeru-lo.
'yehalelu' means 'let them praise', 'shmo' means 'His name' (referring to Yahveh), 'be-machol' means 'with cymbals', 'be-tof' means 'with tambourine', 've-kinor' means 'and with harp', 'yizammeru' means 'they shall sing', 'lo' means 'to Him'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as 'Yahveh' per the translation rules.
[PSA.149.4] Because Yahveh desires his people, He will glorify the humble in salvation. [§]
Ki rotseh Yahveh be'ammo yefa'er anavim biyshua.
'Ki' means 'because', 'rotseh' means 'desires' or 'wants', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'be'ammo' means 'in his people', 'yefa'er' means 'will glorify' or 'beautify', 'anavim' means 'the humble', 'biyshua' means 'in salvation'.
[PSA.149.5] Let the faithful rise in honor and rejoice over their beds. [§]
Ya'alezu chasidim bechavod yerannenoo al mishkevetam.
'Ya'alezu' means 'let them rise' (imperative 3rd plural), 'chasidim' means 'the faithful' or 'the holy ones', 'bechavod' means 'with honor' or 'in honor', 'yerannenoo' means 'they shall rejoice' (future third plural), 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'mishkevetam' means 'their beds' (plural construct).
[PSA.149.6] They lift up God in their vigor, and a sword, flutes in their hand. [§]
Romemot El bigronam vecherav pipiyot beyadam.
'Romemot' means 'they raise up' or 'exaltations', 'El' means 'God', 'bigronam' means 'in their vigor' or 'in their youth', 'vecherav' means 'and a sword', 'pipiyot' means 'flutes' or 'pipes', 'beyadam' means 'in their hand'.
[PSA.149.7] To enact vengeance among the nations you shall rebuke without peoples. [§]
la'asot nekmah bagoyim tocHEchet bal-ummim.
'la'asot' means 'to do' or 'to make', 'nekmah' means 'vengeance' or 'revenge', 'bagoyim' means 'among the nations' (goyim = nations), 'tochechet' means 'you will rebuke' or 'you shall scold', 'bal-ummim' combines 'bal' (a negative or privative prefix meaning 'without' or 'no') with 'ummim' (peoples or nations), yielding the sense of 'without peoples' or 'no peoples'.
[PSA.149.8] To bind their kings with shackles, and their nobles with iron fetters. [§]
Le'esor malchehem be-zikim ve-nichbdehem be-chavlei barzel.
'Le\'esor' means 'to bind', 'malchehem' means 'their kings', 'be-zikim' means 'with shackles', 've-nichbdehem' means 'and their nobles', 'be-chavlei barzel' means 'with iron fetters'.
[PSA.149.9] To do among them a written judgment, splendor is his to all his faithful ones; Praise Yahveh. [§]
La'asot bahem mishpat katuv hadar hu lekhol chasidav hallelu yah.
'La'asot' means 'to do', 'bahem' means 'among them', 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'katuv' means 'written', 'hadar' means 'splendor', 'hu' means 'he', 'lekhol' means 'to all', 'chasidav' means 'his faithful ones', 'hallelu' means 'praise', 'yah' is the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh in literal translation.
PSA.150
[PSA.150.1] Praise Yahveh, praise God in his holy place; praise Him in the firmament of his strength. [§]
Halleluh Yah halleluh El b'kadsheh halleluhu birkia uzo.
'Halleluh' means 'praise (you all)', 'Yah' means 'Yahveh', 'halleluh' means 'praise (you all)' again, 'El' means 'God', 'b'kadsheh' means 'in his holy (place)', 'halleluhu' means 'praise Him', 'birkia' means 'in the firmament', 'uzo' means 'of his strength'.
[PSA.150.2] Praise Him in his mighty deeds; Praise Him abundantly for his greatness. [§]
Halleluho big'vurotav Halleluho kerov gudlo.
'Halleluho' means 'Praise Him', 'big'vurotav' means 'in his mighty deeds', the second 'Halleluho' repeats 'Praise Him', 'kerov' means 'abundantly' or 'in great quantity', and 'gudlo' means 'his greatness'.
[PSA.150.3] Praise Yahveh with the sound of the trumpet, praise Yahveh with the harp and the lyre. [§]
Hal'luhu bi-tekoa shofar, hal'luhu be-nevel ve-kinor.
'Hal'luhu' means 'praise him', referring to the deity Yahveh. 'Bi-tekoa' means 'with the sounding' or 'with the sound of'. 'Shofar' is a ram's horn used as a trumpet. 'Be-nevel' means 'with the harp' (nevel = harp). 'Ve-kinor' means 'and the lyre' (kinor = lyre). The verse calls for praising Yahveh using these musical instruments.
[PSA.150.4] Praise Him with a drum and dance; praise Him with stringed instruments and pipe. [§]
Haleluhu be-tof u-mahol Haleluhu be-minim ve-ugav.
'Haleluhu' means 'Praise Him', 'be-tof' means 'with a drum' (tofh = drum or timbrel), 'u-mahol' means 'and dance', the second 'Haleluhu' repeats 'Praise Him', 'be-minim' means 'with stringed instruments' (minim = plural of min, a type of harp or lyre), and 've-ugav' means 'and pipe' (ugav = a wind instrument).
[PSA.150.5] Praise God with the sound of hearing; praise God with the sound of shouting. [§]
Halleluhu be tsiltsetlei shama Halleluhu be tsiltsetlei teruah.
'Halleluhu' means 'Praise Him', with 'Him' understood as God. 'be' means 'with'. 'tsiltsetlei' is the plural construct of 'tsiltsal', meaning 'sounds' or 'clanging'. 'shama' means 'hearing' or 'listening'. 'teruah' means 'shouting' or 'clamor'. The verse therefore urges praising God using the sound of hearing and the sound of shouting.
[PSA.150.6] All the living being shall praise Yah; Praise Yah. [§]
Kol haneshamah tehallel Yah hallelu-Yah.
'Kol' means 'all', 'haneshamah' means 'the breath' or 'the living being', 'tehallel' means 'shall praise', 'Yah' is the short form of the divine name Yahveh, 'hallelu-Yah' is the imperative plural meaning 'praise Yah'.