JUD (Saint Jude's letter)
JUD.1
JUD.1
[JUD.1.1] Judas, servant of Jesus Christ, brother of James, to those in God the Father beloved and in Jesus Christ kept called. [§]
Ioudas Iesou Christou doulos, adelphos de Iakobou, tois en Theos patri egapemenois kai Iesou Christo teteremenoi kletois;
"Ioudas" means "Judas"; "Iesou" means "of Jesus"; "Christou" means "Christ"; "doulos" means "servant"; "adelphos" means "brother"; "de" means "and"; "Iakobou" means "of James"; "tois" means "to the" (dative plural); "en" means "in"; "Theos" means "God"; "patri" means "Father"; "egapemenois" means "beloved"; "kai" means "and"; "Iesou" means "of Jesus"; "Christo" means "Christ"; "teteremenoi" means "kept" or "preserved"; "kletois" means "called".
[JUD.1.2] Grace to you and peace and love be multiplied. [§]
eleos humin kai eirene kai agape plethynthei.
'eleos' means 'grace' or 'mercy', 'humin' means 'to you' (plural), 'kai' means 'and', 'eirene' means 'peace', 'agape' means 'love', 'plethynthei' is a subjunctive verb meaning 'let it be increased' or 'be multiplied'.
[JUD.1.3] Beloved, making every effort I felt compelled to write to you concerning our common salvation, urging you to contend with the once‑delivered holy faith. [§]
Agapetoi, pasan spoudein poioumenos graphein hymin peri tes koines hemon soterias ananken eschon grapssai hymin parakalon epagōnizesthai tē hapax paradotheiē tois hagiois pistei.
'Agapetoi' means 'Beloved', 'pasan' means 'all', 'spoudein' means 'effort' (accusative of 'spoudē'), 'poioumenos' means 'making' (present participle of 'poieō'), 'graphein' means 'to write', 'hymin' means 'to you' (dative plural of 'hume'), 'peri' means 'concerning', 'tes' is the genitive article 'the', 'koines' means 'common', 'hemon' means 'our', 'soterias' means 'salvation', 'ananken' means 'necessity' or 'need', 'eschon' means 'I had' or 'I felt compelled', 'grapssai' means 'to write' (infinitive), 'parakalon' means 'exhorting' or 'urging' (present participle of 'parakaleō'), 'epagōnizesthai' means 'to contend' or 'to strive', 'tē' is the dative article 'the', 'hapax' means 'once' or 'one time', 'paradotheiē' means 'delivered' or 'handed down' (dative singular perfect passive participle of 'paradidōmi'), 'tois' means 'to the', 'hagiois' means 'holy', 'pistei' means 'faith' (dative singular of 'pistis').
[JUD.1.4] For some men, who formerly were prewritten for this judgment, the ungodly, having transferred the grace of our God into profanity and denying the only master and Lord of us, Jesus Christ. [§]
pareisedusan gar tines anthropoi, hoi palai proggrammenoi eis touto to krima, asebeis, ten tou theou hemon charita metatithentes eis aselgeian kai ton monon deposten kai kyrion hemon Iesoun Christon arnoumenoi.
'pareisedusan' means 'they came in', 'gar' means 'for', 'tines' means 'some', 'anthropoi' means 'people' or 'men', 'hoi' is the definite article 'the', 'palai' means 'formerly', 'proggrammenoi' means 'prewritten' or 'preordained', 'eis' means 'into' or 'for', 'touto' means 'this', 'to' means 'the', 'krima' means 'judgment', 'asebeis' means 'the ungodly' or 'the profane', 'ten' is the accusative article 'the', 'tou' is the genitive article 'of the', 'theou' means 'God' (translated literally as God), 'hemon' means 'our', 'charita' means 'grace', 'metatithentes' means 'having transferred', 'aselgeian' means 'into profanity' or 'into irreverence', 'kai' means 'and', 'ton' is the accusative article 'the', 'monon' means 'only', 'deposten' means 'master' (translated as master), 'kyrion' means 'Lord' (Kyrios translated as Lord), 'hemon' means 'of us', 'Iesoun Christon' means 'Jesus Christ', and 'arnoumenoi' means 'denying'. The divine names are rendered literally: 'theou' = God, 'kyrion' = Lord, and 'deposten' = master.
[JUD.1.5] But I want to remind you, knowing that you once learned everything that Jesus, who saved the people from the land of Egypt, destroyed the second group of those who did not believe. [§]
Hypomnesai de humas boulomai, eidotas humas hapax panta hoti Iesous laon ek ges Aigyptou sosas to deuteron tous me pisteusantas apolesen,
'Hypomnesai' means 'to remind', 'de' means 'but', 'humas' means 'you (plural)', 'boulomai' means 'I want', 'eidotas' means 'knowing', 'hapax' means 'once', 'panta' means 'everything', 'hoti' means 'that', 'Iesous' means 'Jesus', 'laon' means 'the people', 'ek' means 'from', 'ges' means 'land', 'Aigyptou' means 'Egypt', 'sosas' means 'having saved', 'to' means 'the', 'deuteron' means 'second', 'tous' means 'those', 'me' means 'not', 'pisteusantas' means 'believing', 'apolesen' means 'destroyed'.
[JUD.1.6] And the angels who have not kept their own authority, but having abandoned their own dwelling place, are brought into the judgment of a great day, bound with everlasting chains, kept under darkness. [§]
aggelous te tous me terēsantas ten heauton archen all' apolipontas to idion oiketerion eis krisin megalēs hēmeras desmois aidiois hypo zophon tetērēken
'aggelous' means 'angels', 'te' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'tous' is the accusative plural article 'the' for masculine nouns, 'me' means 'not', 'terēsantas' (from "tereo") means 'having kept' or 'preserving', 'ten' is the accusative singular feminine article 'the', 'heauton' means 'their own', 'archen' means 'authority' or 'rule', 'all'' is a contraction of 'alla' meaning 'but', 'apolipontas' (from "apolipo") means 'having abandoned', 'to' is the neuter article 'the', 'idion' means 'own', 'oiketerion' means 'dwelling place', 'eis' means 'into', 'krisin' (from "krisis") means 'judgment', 'megalēs' means 'great', 'hēmeras' means 'day', 'desmois' (from "desmos") means 'chains', 'aidiois' means 'eternal' or 'everlasting', 'hypo' means 'under', 'zophon' means 'darkness' or 'gloom', 'tetērēken' is the perfect form of "tereō" meaning 'has kept' or 'has maintained'.
[JUD.1.7] as Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities around them in the same manner as these having committed sexual immorality and having gone after another flesh are presented as a sign of eternal fire, bearing the penalty. [§]
hos Sodoma kai Gomorra kai hai peri autas poleis ton homoion tropon toutois ekporneusasai kai apelthousan opisō sarkos heteras, prokeitai deigma puros aioniou dikin hypechousai.
'hos' means 'as', 'Sodoma' means 'Sodom', 'kai' means 'and', 'Gomorra' means 'Gomorrah', 'kai' again means 'and', 'hai' means 'the' (feminine plural), 'peri' means 'around/about', 'autas' means 'them', 'poleis' means 'cities', 'ton' is the accusative article 'the', 'homoion' means 'similar' or 'the same', 'tropon' means 'way' or 'manner', 'toutois' means 'to these' (these people), 'ekporneusasai' is a participle meaning 'having committed sexual immorality' (literally 'having prostituted themselves'), 'kai' means 'and', 'apelthousan' means 'having gone away' or 'having departed', 'opisō' means 'behind' or 'after', 'sarkos' means 'flesh', 'heteras' means 'another' (feminine accusative), 'prokeitai' means 'are presented' or 'are set forth', 'deigma' means 'sign' or 'example', 'puros' means 'fire', 'aioniou' means 'eternal', 'dikin' means 'judgment' or 'penalty', 'hypechousai' is a participle meaning 'bearing' or 'enduring'.
[JUD.1.8] Likewise, these also, while dreaming, defile the flesh, but they reject the Lordship, they reject the glories, and they blaspheme. [§]
Homoios men toi kai houtoi enupniazomenoi sarka men miainousin kyrioteta de ahetosin de doxas de blasphemosin.
'Homoios' means 'likewise', 'men' is a particle indicating contrast, 'toi' is part of the phrase 'men toi' adding emphasis, 'kai' means 'and', 'houtoi' means 'these', 'enupniazomenoi' means 'dreaming' (present participle), 'sarka' means 'flesh', the second 'men' again marks contrast, 'miainousin' means 'they defile', 'kyrioteta' means 'Lordship' (from kyrios meaning 'Lord'), 'de' means 'but', 'ahetosin' means 'they reject', the next 'de' again means 'but', 'doxas' means 'glories', the final 'de' means 'but', and 'blasphemosin' means 'they blaspheme'.
[JUD.1.9] But Michael the archangel, when he was in dispute with the devil and was speaking about Moses' body, did not dare to bring a judgment of blasphemy, but he said: May the Lord rebuke you. [§]
ho de Michael ho archangel, hote to diabolos diakrinomenos dielgeto peri tou Moseos somatos, ouk etolmesen krisin epenegein blasphemias all' eipen; epitimesai soi kyrios.
'ho' means 'the' (masc nom sg). 'de' means 'but' or 'however'. 'Michael' is a proper name meaning 'who is like God'. 'archangel' means 'chief angel' (arch- + angel). 'hote' means 'when'. 'to' means 'the' (neut dat). 'diabolos' means 'devil' (adversary). 'diakrinomenos' is a participle meaning 'being distinguished' or 'being in dispute'. 'dielgeto' is an imperfect middle/passive verb meaning 'was speaking' or 'was discussing'. 'peri' means 'about' or 'concerning'. 'tou' is the genitive article 'of the'. 'Moseos' is the genitive of 'Moses', meaning 'of Moses'. 'somatos' means 'body'. 'ouk' means 'not'. 'etolmesen' is aorist active meaning 'did not dare'. 'krisin' is accusative of 'krisis', meaning 'judgment' or 'decision'. 'epenegein' is an infinitive meaning 'to bring' or 'to bring forth'. 'blasphemias' is genitive singular meaning 'of blasphemy'. 'all'' is a contraction of 'alla', meaning 'but'. 'eipen' means 'he said'. 'epitimesai' is aorist infinitive of 'epitimao', meaning 'to rebuke' or 'to chastise'. 'soi' is dative singular meaning 'to you'. 'kyrios' is a title for God translated as 'Lord'.
[JUD.1.10] These, however, blaspheme about what they do not know, and what they naturally understand as irrational beasts, they are destroyed in those things. [§]
houtoi de hosa men ouk oidasin blasphēmousin, hosa de physiokos hos ta aloga zoa epistantai, en toutois ptheirontai.
'houtoi' means 'these', 'de' means 'however' or 'but', 'hosa' means 'what' (neuter plural), 'men' contrasts with 'de' meaning 'on the one hand', 'ouk' means 'not', 'oidasin' means 'they know', 'blasphēmousin' means 'they blaspheme', 'de' again introduces the contrast 'but', 'hosa' again 'what', 'physiokos' means 'naturally' or 'by nature', 'hos' means 'as', 'ta aloga' means 'the irrational' or 'the senseless', 'zoa' means 'animals', 'epistantai' means 'they understand' or 'they perceive', 'en toutois' means 'in these (things)', 'ptheirontai' means 'they are destroyed' or 'they are ruined'.
[JUD.1.11] Woe to them, because they went in the way of Cain and were poured out in the error of Balaam and were destroyed in the dispute of Kore. [§]
ouai autois, hoti te hodo tou Kain eporeuthesan kai te plane tou Balam misthou exechuthesan kai te antilogia tou Kore apolonto.
'ouai' means 'woe', 'autois' means 'to them', 'hoti' means 'because', 'te hodo tou Kain' means 'the way of Cain', 'eporeuthesan' means 'they went', 'te plane tou Balam' means 'the error of Balaam', 'misthou' means 'of the wage/penalty' (intensifying the error), 'exechuthesan' means 'they poured out', 'te antilogia tou Kore' means 'the dispute of Kore', 'apolonto' means 'they were destroyed'.
[JUD.1.12] These are the ones in your loves, fledgling sprouts united without fear, shepherding themselves, dry clouds carried by winds, autumn trees fruitless that have died twice and have been uprooted. [§]
houtoi eisin hoi en tais agapais humon spilades synevochoumenoi aphobos, heautous poimanontes, nephelai anydroi hypo anemon parapheromenai, dentra phthinoporina akarpa dis apothonta ekrizothenta,
'houtoi' means 'these', 'eisin' means 'are', 'hoi' means 'the', 'en' means 'in', 'tais' means 'the (plural dative)', 'agapais' means 'loves', 'humon' means 'your', 'spilades' means 'sprouts' or 'fledglings', 'synevochoumenoi' means 'being united together', 'aphobos' means 'without fear', 'heautous' means 'themselves', 'poimanontes' means 'shepherding', 'nephelai' means 'clouds', 'anydroi' means 'waterless' or 'dry', 'hypo' means 'by', 'anemon' means 'winds', 'parapheromenai' means 'being carried', 'dentra' means 'trees', 'phthinoporina' means 'autumnal', 'akarpa' means 'fruitless', 'dis' means 'twice', 'apothonta' means 'having died', 'ekrizothenta' means 'having been uprooted'.
[JUD.1.13] Fierce sea waves striking their own shame, stars wander, to which the gloom of darkness has been kept for eternity. [§]
kymata agria thalasses epaphrizonta tas heauton aisychinas, asteres planetai ois ho zophos tou skotous eis aiona tetērētai.
'kymata' means 'waves', 'agria' means 'fierce', 'thalasses' means 'of the sea', 'epaphrizonta' means 'striking' or 'bursting upon', 'tas' is the accusative article 'the', 'heauton' means 'their own', 'aisychinas' means 'shames' (accusative plural), 'asteres' means 'stars', 'planetai' means 'wander', 'ois' means 'to which' (dative relative), 'ho' means 'the', 'zophos' means 'gloom' or 'darkness', 'tou' means 'of the', 'skotous' means 'darkness', 'eis' means 'for' or 'into', 'aiona' means 'eternity' or 'age', 'tetērētai' means 'has been kept' or 'preserved'.
[JUD.1.14] And the seventh prophet from Adam Enoch said, Behold, the Lord has come in his holy myriads. [§]
Proephteusen de kai toutois hebdomos apo Adam Enoch legon; idou elthen kyrios en hagiais myriasin autou
'Proephteusen' means 'prophesied', 'de' means 'and/but', 'kai' means 'also/and', 'toutois' means 'to these/those', 'hebdomos' means 'the seventh', 'apo' means 'from', 'Adam' is the name 'Adam', 'Enoch' is the name 'Enoch', 'legon' means 'said', 'idou' means 'behold', 'elthen' means 'has come', 'kyrios' means 'Lord' (the literal translation of the divine title), 'en' means 'in', 'hagiais' means 'holy', 'myriasin' means 'myriads' (plural of ten thousand), 'autou' means 'his'.
[JUD.1.15] to render judgment against all and to rebuke every soul concerning all the works of their impiety which they have committed and concerning all the harsh things which they spoke against him, sinners impious. [§]
poiese krisin kata panton kai elegxai pasan psuchen peri panton ton ergon asebias auton hon esebesan kai peri panton ton skliron hon elalesan kat autou hamartoloi asebeis.
'poiese' means 'to make' or 'to render', 'krisin' means 'judgment', 'kata' means 'against' or 'according to', 'panton' means 'all', 'kai' means 'and', 'elegxai' means 'to rebuke' or 'to examine', 'pasan' means 'every', 'psuchen' means 'soul', 'peri' means 'concerning' or 'about', 'ton' is the definite article 'the', 'ergon' means 'work' (plural here = works), 'asebias' means 'impiety' or 'unrighteousness', 'auton' means 'their', 'hon' means 'which', 'esebesan' means 'they have acted impiously', 'skliron' means 'harsh' or 'severe', 'elalesan' means 'they spoke', 'kat' is a form of 'against', 'autou' means 'him', 'hamartoloi' means 'sinners', and 'asebeis' means 'impious'.
[JUD.1.16] These are gossiping half-dead according to their own desires, walking, and their mouths speak excessively loudly, marveling at faces for the sake of benefit. [§]
houtoi eisin gongystai mempsimoiroi kata tas epithymias heauton poreuomenoi, kai to stoma auton lalei hyperogka, thavmazontes prosopa ophleias charin.
'houtoi' means 'these', 'eisin' means 'are', 'gongystai' means 'gossiping' or 'making noise', 'mempsimoiroi' means 'half-dead' (literally 'half-living'), 'kata' means 'according to', 'tas' is the accusative plural article 'the', 'epithymias' means 'desires', 'heauton' means 'of themselves', 'poreuomenoi' means 'walking' or 'going', 'kai' means 'and', 'to' means 'the', 'stoma' means 'mouth', 'auton' means 'their', 'lalei' means 'speaks', 'hyperogka' means 'excessively loud' (over- + 'ogka' from 'ogkos' meaning 'loud'), 'thavmazontes' means 'marveling' or 'being amazed', 'prosopa' means 'faces', 'ophleias' means 'benefit' or 'use', 'charin' means 'for the sake of' or 'because of'.
[JUD.1.17] But you, beloved, remember the words that were spoken earlier by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ. [§]
Hymeis de, agapetoi, mnestheite ton rhematon ton proeirmenon hypo ton apostolon tou kyriou hemon Iesou Christou.
'Hymeis' means 'you (plural)', 'de' is a conjunction often rendered 'but' or 'now', 'agapetoi' means 'beloved', 'mnestheite' means 'remember', 'ton rhematon' means 'the words', 'ton proeirmenon' means 'the previously spoken', 'hypo' means 'by', 'ton apostolon' means 'the apostles', 'tou kyriou' means 'of the Lord' (kyrios is translated as 'Lord'), 'hemon' means 'our', 'Iesou Christou' means 'Jesus Christ'.
[JUD.1.18] Because we said to you that at the end of the age they will be indulgent ones according to their own desires, walking with the ungodly. [§]
hoti elegon humin ep eschatou chronou esontai empaitai kata tas heauton epithymias poreuomenoi ton asebeion.
'hoti' means 'because' or 'that', 'elegon' means 'we were saying' or 'we said', 'humin' means 'to you', 'ep' is a contraction of 'epi' meaning 'at' or 'on', 'eschatou' means 'the end' (genitive of 'eschatos'), 'chronou' means 'time', 'esontai' means 'they will be', 'empaitai' means 'ones who will indulge' or 'enjoyers', 'kata' means 'according to' or 'against', 'tas' is the accusative plural article 'the', 'heauton' means 'their own', 'epithymias' means 'desires', 'poreuomenoi' means 'going' or 'walking', 'ton' is the genitive plural article 'of the', 'asebeion' means 'ungodly' or 'the ungodly'.
[JUD.1.19] These are the ones who set apart, soulish, without spirit. [§]
Houtoi eisin hoi apodiorizontes, psychikoi, pneuma me echontes.
'Houtoi' means 'these', 'eisin' means 'are', 'hoi' is the definite article 'the', 'apodiorizontes' means 'those who set apart or determine', 'psychikoi' means 'soulish' or 'pertaining to the soul', 'pneuma' means 'spirit', 'me' means 'not', and 'echontes' means 'having'.
[JUD.1.20] You, beloved, being built up in your most holy faith, praying in the holy spirit. [§]
Hymeis de, agapetoi, epikodoumenoi heautous tei hagiotati humon pistei, en pneumati agioi proseuchomenoi,
'Hymeis' means 'you (plural)', 'de' is a particle meaning 'but' or 'and', 'agapetoi' means 'beloved', 'epikodoumenoi' means 'building up' or 'being built up', 'heautous' means 'themselves' or 'yourself', 'tei' is the dative article 'the', 'hagiotati' is the superlative of 'holy', meaning 'most holy', 'humon' means 'your', 'pistei' is the dative of 'faith', meaning 'in faith', 'en' means 'in', 'pneumati' is the dative of 'spirit', meaning 'in the spirit', 'agioi' means 'holy', and 'proseuchomenoi' means 'praying' (present participle).
[JUD.1.21] Keep yourselves in the love of God, awaiting the mercy of the Lord our Jesus Christ into eternal life. [§]
heautous en agapei theou teresate prosdechomenoi to eleos tou kyriou hemon Iesou Christou eis zoen aionion.
'heautous' means 'yourselves', 'en' means 'in', 'agapei' means 'love', 'theou' means 'of God', 'teresate' means 'keep' (imperative), 'prosdechomenoi' means 'awaiting', 'to' means 'the', 'eleos' means 'mercy', 'tou' means 'of the', 'kyriou' means 'Lord', 'hemon' means 'our', 'Iesou' means 'Jesus', 'Christou' means 'Christ', 'eis' means 'into', 'zoen' means 'life', 'aionion' means 'eternal'.
[JUD.1.22] and those whom you have mercy upon, being set apart, [§]
kai hous men eleate diakrinomenous,
'kai' means 'and', 'hous' means 'whom' (accusative plural), 'men' is a particle that adds emphasis like 'indeed' or 'on the one hand', 'eleate' means 'you show mercy', 'diakrinomenous' is a participle meaning 'being distinguished' or 'set apart'.
[JUD.1.23] but those you save from fire, seizing them, and those you have mercy on in fearful hatred, and the one taken from the flesh, the torn tunic. [§]
hous de sozete ek puros harpazontes, hous de eleate en phobo misountes kai ton apo tes sarkos espilomenon chitona.
'hous' means 'whom', 'de' means 'but' or 'yet', 'sozete' means 'you save', 'ek' means 'out of', 'puros' means 'fire', 'harpazontes' means 'seizing' or 'snatching', 'eleate' means 'you have mercy', 'en' means 'in', 'phobo' means 'fear', 'misountes' means 'hating', 'kai' means 'and', 'ton' means 'the one', 'apo' means 'from', 'tes' means 'the' (genitive feminine), 'sarkos' means 'flesh', 'espilomenon' means 'cast away' or 'separated', 'chitona' means 'tunic' or 'robe'.
[JUD.1.24] But to him who is able to guard you blameless and to stand before his glory, innocent in rejoicing. [§]
To de dunamenō phylaxai humas aptaistous kai stēsai katenopion tēs doxes autou amomous en agalliasei
'To' means 'to the one', 'de' means 'but', 'dunamenō' means 'who is able', 'phylaxai' means 'to guard', 'humas' means 'you (plural)', 'aptaistous' means 'blameless', 'kai' means 'and', 'stēsai' means 'to stand', 'katenopion' means 'before', 'tēs doxes' means 'the glory', 'autou' means 'his', 'amomous' means 'innocent', 'en' means 'in', 'agalliasei' means 'rejoicing'.
[JUD.1.25] To the only God, our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord, glory, greatness, power and authority before all ages, and now and into all ages, amen. [§]
mono theo soteri hemon dia Iesou Christou tou kyriou hemon doxa megalosyne kratos kai exousia pro pantos tou aionos kai nyn kai eis pantas tous aionas, amen.
'mono' means 'only', 'theo' means 'God', 'soteri' means 'Savior', 'hemoin' means 'our', 'dia' means 'through', 'Iesou' means 'Jesus', 'Christou' means 'Christ', 'tou kyriou' means 'the Lord', 'doxa' means 'glory', 'megalosyne' means 'greatness', 'kratos' means 'power', 'kai' means 'and', 'exousia' means 'authority', 'pro' means 'before', 'pantos' means 'all', 'tou aionos' means 'of the age/eternity', 'kai nyn' means 'and now', 'eis pantas tous aionas' means 'into all ages', 'amen' is the closing affirmation.