JOS (Joshua)
JOS.1 • JOS.2 • JOS.3 • JOS.4 • JOS.5 • JOS.6 • JOS.7 • JOS.8 • JOS.9 • JOS.10 • JOS.11 • JOS.12 • JOS.13 • JOS.14 • JOS.15 • JOS.16 • JOS.17 • JOS.18 • JOS.19 • JOS.20 • JOS.21 • JOS.22 • JOS.23 • JOS.24
JOS.1
[JOS.1.1] And it came to pass after the death of Moses the servant of Yahveh, and Yahveh said to Joshua son of Nun, Moses' servant, saying. [§]
vayhi acharei mot Moshe eved Yahveh vayomer Yahveh el Yehoshua bin Nun mesharet Moshe leemor.
'vayhi' means 'and it came to pass', 'acharei' means 'after', 'mot' means 'death', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'vayomer' means 'and he said', second 'Yahveh' again means 'Yahveh', 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'bin' means 'son of', 'Nun' is the proper name Nun, 'mesharet' means 'servant' or 'minister', second 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'leemor' means 'saying'.
[JOS.1.2] Moses my servant is dead, and now arise, go across this Jordan, you and all this people, to the land which I am giving them, the children of Israel. [§]
Moshe avdi met veatah kum avor et haYarden haze atah vechol haam haze el haaretz asher anochi noten lahem livnei Yisrael.
'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'avdi' means 'my servant', 'met' means 'is dead', 'veatah' means 'and now', 'kum' means 'arise', 'avor' means 'go across', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'haze' means 'this', 'atah' means 'you', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'which', 'anochi' means 'I', 'noten' means 'am giving', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'livnei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.1.3] All the place where you set the sole of your foot upon it, I have given it to you, as I spoke to Moses. [§]
Kol-makom asher tidrokh kaf raglekhem bo lakhem netatiy k'asher dibarti el-Moshe.
'Kol' means 'all', 'makom' means 'place', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tidrokh' means 'you set/lay down', 'kaf' means 'sole', 'raglekhem' means 'your foot', 'bo' means 'in it', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'netatiy' means 'I gave', 'k'asher' means 'as', 'dibarti' means 'I spoke', 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses'.
[JOS.1.4] From the desert and this Lebanon and until the great river, the River Perat, all the land of the Hittites, and until the great sea, the setting of the sun, shall be your border. [§]
Meha midbar ve ha levanon hazeh ve ad ha nahar ha gadol nehar Perat kol eretz ha chittim ve ad ha yam ha gadol mevo ha shamesh yihye gevulchem.
'Meha' means 'from the', 'midbar' means 'desert', 've' means 'and', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'levanon' means 'white' but here refers to 'Lebanon', 'hazeh' means 'this', 've' again 'and', 'ad' means 'to/until', 'ha' 'the', 'nahar' means 'river', 'ha' 'the', 'gadol' means 'great', 'nehar' again 'river' (the name of the river), 'Perat' is a proper name (often identified with the Euphrates), 'kol' means 'all', 'eretz' means 'land', 'ha' 'the', 'chittim' means 'Hittites', 've' 'and', 'ad' 'to/until', 'ha' 'the', 'yam' means 'sea', 'ha' 'the', 'gadol' 'great', 'mevo' means 'setting', 'ha' 'the', 'shamesh' means 'sun', 'yihye' means 'shall be', 'gevulchem' means 'your border/territory'.
[JOS.1.5] Not will stand a man before you all the days of your life as I was with Moses I will be with you not abandon you and not leave you. [§]
Lo-yit'yatzev ish lefanekha kol yemei chayyeikha ka'ashar hayiti im-Moshe eheyeh immakh lo arpekha velo e'ezvekhah.
'Lo' means 'not', 'yit'yatzev' means 'will stand', 'ish' means 'a man', 'lefanecha' means 'before you', 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'chayyeikha' means 'your life', 'ka'ashar' means 'as', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'im' means 'with', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'eheyeh' means 'I will be', 'immakh' means 'with you', 'lo' means 'not', 'arpekha' means 'I will abandon/forsake you', 'velo' means 'and not', 'e'ezvekhah' means 'I will leave you'.
[JOS.1.6] Be strong and courageous, for you will inherit this people, this land that I swore to their ancestors to give to them. [§]
Chazak ve'ematz ki attah tanchil et ha'am hazeh et ha'aretz asher nishbati la'avotam latet lahem.
'Chazak' means 'strong', 've'' means 'and', 'ematz' means 'courageous', 'ki' means 'for', 'attah' means 'you', 'tanchil' means 'will inherit', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that', 'nishbati' means 'I swore', 'la'avotam' means 'to their ancestors', 'latet' means 'to give', 'lahem' means 'to them'.
[JOS.1.7] Only be strong and very courageous to keep doing everything of the instruction that you were commanded by Moses my servant; do not turn away from it right or left, so that you may become wise in all that you go. [§]
Rak chazak ve'ematz meod lishmor la'asot kechol hatorah asher tzivkha Moshe avdi al-tasur mimenu yayin usmoal lema'an tashkil bechol asher teleich.
'Rak' means 'only', 'chazak' means 'strong', 've'ematz' means 'and courageous', 'meod' means 'very', 'lishmor' means 'to guard' or 'to keep', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'kechol' means 'as all' or 'according to all', 'hatorah' means 'the instruction/law', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tzivkha' means 'you commanded', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'avdi' means 'my servant', 'al-tasur' means 'do not deviate' or 'do not turn away', 'mimenu' means 'from it', 'yayin' means 'right', 'usmoal' means 'and left', 'lema'an' means 'for the purpose of' or 'so that', 'tashkil' means 'you may become wise', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'teleich' means 'you go' or 'you walk'.
[JOS.1.8] The book of this Torah will not cease from your mouth and you shall read it day and night in order that you may keep to do all that is written in it for then you will prosper your ways and then you will become wise. [§]
Lo yamu'sh sefer ha torah hazeh mi picha ve hagita bo yomam va laila le ma an tishmor la asot ke chol ha katuv bo ki az tatzlach et drachecha ve az tashkil.
'Lo' means 'not', 'yamush' means 'will cease', 'sefer' means 'book', 'ha torah' means 'the Torah', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'mi picha' means 'from your mouth', 've' means 'and', 'hagita' means 'you shall read', 'bo' means 'in it', 'yomam' means 'day', 'va laila' means 'and night', 'le ma an' means 'in order that', 'tishmor' means 'you may keep', 'la asot' means 'to do', 'ke chol' means 'all', 'ha katuv' means 'that is written', 'ki' means 'for', 'az' means 'then', 'tatzlach' means 'you will prosper', 'et drachecha' means 'your ways', 've az' means 'and then', 'tashkil' means 'you will become wise'.
[JOS.1.9] Did I not command you be strong and courageous, do not be afraid and do not be dismayed, for Yahveh the Gods your is with you in all that you walk. [§]
Halo tsvitkha chazak ve'ematz al-ta'arot ve'al-techat ki imkha Yahveh Elohecha bekhol asher telekh.
'Halo' means 'Did I not', 'tsvitkha' means 'I have commanded you', 'chazak' means 'strong', 've'ematz' means 'and courageous', 'al-ta'arot' means 'do not be afraid', 've'al-techat' means 'and do not be dismayed', 'ki' means 'for', 'imkha' means 'with you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohecha' means 'the Gods your' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods'), 'bekhol' means 'in all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'telekh' means 'you go' or 'you walk'.
[JOS.1.10] And Joshua commanded the officers of the people, saying. [§]
Vayetza Yehoshua et-shotrei haam leemor.
'Vayetza' means 'and he commanded', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'shotrei' means 'the officers' (plural of shoter), 'haam' means 'the people', 'leemor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[JOS.1.11] Cross through the camp and command the people, saying, 'Prepare for yourselves a hunt, because in three days you will cross this Jordan to come to inherit the land which Yahveh your God gives to you to inherit.' [§]
Iveru bekerev haMachane veTzavu et-haam leimor hakinu lachem tzeidah ki beod shloshet yamim atem ov'rim et-hayarden hazeh lavo lareshet et-haaretz asher Yahveh Eloheichem noten lachem leRishtah.
'Iveru' means 'cross' or 'go through', 'bekerev' means 'in the midst of', 'haMachane' means 'the camp', 'veTzavu' means 'and command', 'et-haam' means 'the people', 'leimor' means 'to say', 'hakinu' means 'prepare', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'tzeidah' means 'a hunt' or 'a gathering', 'ki' means 'because', 'beod' means 'still', 'shloshet yamim' means 'three days', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'ov'rim' means 'will pass' or 'will cross', 'et-hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'lavo' means 'to come', 'lareshet' means 'to inherit', 'et-haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'Eloheichem' means 'your God', 'noten' means 'gives', 'lachem' means 'to you', 'leRishtah' means 'to inherit it'.
[JOS.1.12] And to the Reubenites and to the Gadites and to the half-tribe of Manasseh, Joshua said, saying. [§]
Ve la robeni ve la gadi ve la chatzi shevet ha manasseh amar Yehoshua leemor.
'Ve' means 'and', 'la robeni' means 'to the Reubenites', 'la gadi' means 'to the Gadites', 'la chatzi' means 'to the half', 'shevet' means 'tribe', 'ha manasseh' means 'the Manasseh', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'leemor' means 'to say' or introducing quoted speech.
[JOS.1.13] Remember the thing that commanded you Moses servant of Yahveh saying Yahveh your the Gods will give you rest and will give you the land this. [§]
Zachor et ha-davar asher tzivah etchem Moshe eved Yahveh leemor Yahveh Eloheichem meniach lachem venatan lachem et haaretz hazot.
'Zachor' means 'remember', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-davar' means 'the thing/word', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'Moshe' is the name 'Moses', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'leemor' means 'to say', 'Yahveh' again for YHVH, 'Eloheichem' is the plural form 'the Gods' with the possessive suffix 'your', 'meniach' means 'will let rest/give relief', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'venatan' means 'and will give', 'et' is the object marker, 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'hazot' means 'this'.
[JOS.1.14] Your wives, your flocks, and your cattle will dwell in the land that Moses gave you beyond the Jordan, and you will go in shame before your brothers, all the mighty warriors of the host, and you will help them. [§]
Nesheichem tafkhem u-miknekhem yeshvu baaretz asher natan lachem Moshe beever haYarden veatem taavru chamushim lifnei aheikhem kol giborei hachayil vaazartem otam.
'Nesheichem' means 'your wives', 'tafkhem' means 'your flocks', 'u-miknekhem' means 'and your cattle', 'yeshvu' means 'will dwell', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'asher' means 'that', 'natan' means 'gave', 'lachem' means 'to you', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'beever' means 'beyond', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'veatem' means 'and you', 'taavru' means 'will pass/go', 'chamushim' means 'in shame', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'aheikhem' means 'your brothers', 'kol' means 'all', 'giborei' means 'the mighty', 'hachayil' means 'of the army/warriors', 'vaazartem' means 'and you will help', 'otam' means 'them'.
[JOS.1.15] Until Yahveh rests for your brothers like you, and they also inherit the land which Yahveh the Gods gives to them, and you shall return to the land of your inheritance and inherit it, which Moses, servant of Yahveh, gave to you beyond the Jordan, east of the sun. [§]
ad asher-yani'ach Yahveh le'acheichem kachem ve'yar'shu gam-hemma et-ha'aretz asher Yahveh Eloheichem notein lahem ve'shabt'em le'eretz yerusatcham vi'irisch'tem otah asher natan lachem Moshe eved Yahveh be'ever hayarden mizrach hashamesh
'ad' means 'until', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yani'ach' means 'rests' (from YHWH), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'le'acheichem' means 'for your brothers', 'kachem' means 'like you', 've'yar'shu' means 'and they shall inherit', 'gam-hemma' means 'also they', 'et-ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'which', 'Yahveh' again for YHWH, 'Eloheichem' contains the name Elohim and is rendered literally as 'the Gods' with the possessive 'your', so it means 'your the Gods', 'notein' means 'gives', 'lahem' means 'to them', 've'shabt'em' means 'and you shall return', 'le'eretz' means 'to the land', 'yerusatcham' means 'of your inheritance', 'vi'irisch'tem' means 'and you shall inherit', 'otah' means 'it', 'asher' means 'which', 'natan' means 'gave', 'lachem' means 'to you', 'Moshe' is 'Moses', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Yahveh' again for YHWH, 'be'ever' means 'beyond', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'mizrach' means 'east', 'hashamesh' means 'the sun'.
[JOS.1.16] And they answered Joshua, saying, All that you commanded us we will do, and to all that you send us we will go. [§]
Vayaanu et-Yehoshua le'emor kol asher tzivitanu na'aseh ve'el kol asher tishlachenu neilech.
'Vayaanu' means 'and they answered', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tzivitanu' means 'you commanded us', 'na'aseh' means 'we will do', 've'el' means 'and to', 'kol' again 'all', 'asher' again 'that/which', 'tishlachenu' means 'you send us', 'neilech' means 'we will go'.
[JOS.1.17] As all that we heard to Moses, so we will hear to you; only Yahveh your God will be with you as He was with Moses. [§]
Kekhol asher shama'nu el-Moshe ken nishma elicha rak yihyeh Yahveh Elohecha imach ka'asher hayah im-Moshe.
'Kekhol' means 'as all', 'asher' means 'that', 'shama'nu' means 'we heard', 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'ken' means 'so', 'nishma' means 'we will hear', 'elicha' means 'to you', 'rak' means 'only', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohecha' means 'your God', 'imach' means 'with you', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'hayah' means 'was', 'im-Moshe' means 'with Moses'.
[JOS.1.18] All a man who rebels against your mouth and does not hear your words, to everything that you command him, will die; only be strong and courageous. [§]
Kol ish asher yamreh et pikha velo yishma et devarekha lechol asher tetsavennu yumat rak chazak ve'ematz.
'Kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'ish' means 'man', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'yamreh' means 'rebels' or 'will rebel', 'et' is the direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'pikha' means 'your mouth', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yishma' means 'will hear', 'devarekha' means 'your words', 'lechol' means 'to all' or 'for everything', 'asher' again means 'that' or 'which', 'tetsavennu' means 'you command him' (the verb form of 'to command' with a direct object), 'yumat' means 'he will die', 'rak' means 'only' or 'just', 'chazak' means 'be strong', and 've'ematz' means 'and be courageous'.
JOS.2
[JOS.2.1] And Joshua son of Nun sent two men from the Shittim, rolling a plowshare, saying, 'Go, see the land and Jericho.' And they went and came to the house of a harlot whose name was Rahab, and they lay there. [§]
Vayishlach Yehoshua ben Nun min ha shtim shnayim anashim meraggelim cheresh le'emor lechu re'u et ha'aretz ve'et Yericho vayelechu vayavo beit ishah zonah ushmah Rachav vayishkvu shamah.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Yehoshua ben Nun' means 'Joshua son of Nun', 'min' means 'from', 'ha shtim' means 'the Shittim (acacia region)', 'shnayim' means 'two', 'anashim' means 'men', 'meraggelim' means 'rolling' (as with a plow), 'cheresh' means 'a plowshare', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'lechu' means 'go', 're'u' means 'see', 'et ha'aretz' means 'the land', 've'et Yericho' means 'and Jericho', 'vayelechu' means 'they went', 'vayavo' means 'they came', 'beit ishah' means 'house of a woman', 'zonah' means 'harlot', 'ushmah' means 'her name', 'Rachav' means 'Rahab', 'vayishkvu' means 'they lay down', 'shamah' means 'there'.
[JOS.2.2] And it was said to the king of Jericho, 'Behold, men have come here this night from the children of Israel to dig the land.' [§]
Vayomer lemelek Yericho leemor hineh anashim bau heena ha-layla mibnei Yisrael lachpor et haaretz.
'Vayomer' means 'and it was said', 'lemelek' means 'to the king', 'Yericho' means 'Jericho', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anashim' means 'men', 'bau' means 'have come', 'heena' means 'here', 'ha-layla' means 'the night', 'mibnei' means 'from the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lachpor' means 'to dig', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'haaretz' means 'the land'.
[JOS.2.3] And the king of Jericho sent to Rahab, saying, "Bring out the men who came to you, who have entered your house, because they have come to search out the whole land." [§]
Vayishlach melech Yericho el-Rachav le'emor hotzii ha-anashim ha-ba'im elayich asher-bau leveiteich ki lachpor et kol ha-aretz bau.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'melech' means 'king', 'Yericho' means 'Jericho', 'el' means 'to', 'Rachav' is the name Rahab, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hotzii' means 'bring out', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'ha-ba'im' means 'who came', 'elayich' means 'to you (feminine)', 'asher-bau' means 'who have come', 'leveiteich' means 'to your house', 'ki' means 'because', 'lachpor' means 'to search out', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land', 'bau' means 'they came'.
[JOS.2.4] And the woman took the two men and hid them, and she said, 'Thus the men came to me, and I did not know from where they were.' [§]
Va-tikkaḥ ha'isha et-shnei ha'anashim va-tits'pnō va-to'amer ken ba'u elai ha'anashim ve-lo yada'ti me'ayin hemah.
'Va-tikkaḥ' means 'and she took', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shnei' means 'two', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'va-tits'pnō' means 'and she hid them', 'va-to'amer' means 'and she said', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'ba'u' means 'they came', 'elai' means 'to me', 'ha'anashim' again 'the men', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yada'ti' means 'I knew', 'me'ayin' means 'from where', 'hemah' means 'they were' or 'they came from'.
[JOS.2.5] And it was the gate to close in darkness and the men went out I did not know where the men went pursue quickly after them because you will catch them. [§]
Vayhi hash-sha'ar lisgor ba'chosekh veha'anashim yatzu lo yadayti ana halchu ha'anashim ridfu maher acharayhem ki tashigum.
'Vayhi' means 'and it was', 'hash-sha'ar' means 'the gate', 'lisgor' means 'to close', 'ba'chosekh' means 'in darkness', 'veha'anashim' means 'and the men', 'yatzu' means 'they went out', 'lo' means 'not', 'yadayti' means 'I knew' (negative here 'I did not know'), 'ana' means 'where', 'halchu' means 'they went', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men' (repeated), 'ridfu' means 'pursue', 'maher' means 'quickly', 'acharayhem' means 'after them', 'ki' means 'because', 'tashigum' means 'you will catch them'.
[JOS.2.6] And she raised the roof and concealed them in the folds of the wooden beams for her on the roof. [§]
vehi he'elatam hagaga vatitmenem befishti haetz ha'arukot lah al-hagag
'vehi' means 'and she/it', 'he'elatam' means 'raised them', 'hagaga' means 'the roof', 'vatitmenem' means 'and concealed them', 'befishti' means 'in the folds of', 'haetz' means 'the wood' or 'the tree', 'ha'arukot' means 'the beams', 'lah' means 'for her' or 'to her', 'al-hagag' means 'upon the roof'.
[JOS.2.7] And the men pursued them along the way of the Jordan over the crossings, and they shut the gate after the pursuers went out after them. [§]
veha'anashim radfu acharayhem derekh hayarden al hamavberot vehashaar sageru acharay ka'asher yatze'u harodfim acharayhem.
'veha'anashim' means 'and the men', 'radfu' means 'pursued', 'acharayhem' means 'after them', 'derekh' means 'the way/road', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'al' means 'over/upon', 'hamavberot' means 'the crossings/ford', 'vehashaar' means 'and the gate', 'sageru' means 'they shut/closed', 'acharay' means 'after', 'ka'asher' means 'as/that', 'yatze'u' means 'they went out', 'harodfim' means 'the pursuers', 'acharayhem' means 'after them'.
[JOS.2.8] And they had not yet lain down, and she went up upon them on the roof. [§]
vehemmah terem yishkavun vehee alta aleihem al-hagag.
'vehemmah' means 'and they', 'terem' means 'not yet' or 'before', 'yishkavun' means 'they will lie down' (future tense, here understood as 'they have not yet lain down'), 'vehee' means 'and she', 'alta' means 'went up' or 'ascended', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'al-hagag' means 'upon the roof' (the roof).
[JOS.2.9] And she said to the men, I know that Yahveh gave you the earth and that your wrath has fallen upon us and that all the dwellers of the earth have turned away from you. [§]
vatomer el-hanasim yada'ti ki-natan Yahveh lakhem et haaretz ve-ki-naflah eimatkhem alenu ve-ki namogu kol-yoshevei haaretz mipneichem.
'vatomer' means 'and she said', 'el-hanasim' means 'to the men', 'yada'ti' means 'I know', 'ki' means 'that', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lakhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 've-ki' means 'and that', 'naflah' means 'has fallen', 'eimatkhem' means 'your wrath', 'alenu' means 'upon us', 'namogu' means 'have turned away', 'kol-yoshevei' means 'all the dwellers', 'haaretz' again 'of the earth', 'mipneichem' means 'from before you' i.e., 'from you'.
[JOS.2.10] Because we have heard what Yahveh will bring destruction to the waters of Sea of Suf before you when you go out from Egypt, and also what you did to the two kings of the Amorites who are across the Jordan, to Sihon and to Og, whom you completely destroyed. [§]
Ki shamenú et asher-hovísh Yahveh et mei yam-suf mipnei-chem betze'etchem mimitzrayim va'asher asitem lishnei malchei ha'emori asher be'ever hayarden le-sichon u'le'og asher hecharmatem otam.
'Ki' means 'because', 'shamenú' means 'we have heard', 'et' is the Hebrew direct‑object marker (often left untranslated), 'asher' means 'what/that', 'hovísh' means 'will bring destruction', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'mei' means 'waters of', 'yam-suf' is the name of the sea (Sea of Suf), 'mipnei-chem' means 'before you', 'betze'etchem' means 'when you go out', 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'va'asher' means 'and what', 'asitem' means 'you did', 'lishnei' means 'to the two', 'malchei' means 'kings of', 'ha'emori' means 'the Amorite', 'asher' again 'who', 'be'ever' means 'across', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'le-sichon' means 'to Sihon', 'u'le'og' means 'and to Og', 'asher' again 'who', 'hecharmatem' means 'you completely destroyed', 'otam' means 'them'.
[JOS.2.11] And we heard and He covered our hearts, and no spirit rose again in any man before you, because Yahveh your Gods is the Gods in the heavens above, and on the earth below. [§]
va-nishma va-yimas le-vaveinu ve-lo kamah od ruach be-ish mif-neichem ki Yahveh Eloheichem hu Elohim ba-shamayim mimma'al ve-al ha-aretz mitachat.
'va-nishma' means 'and we heard', 'va-yimas' means 'and He covered', 'le-vaveinu' means 'to our hearts', 've-lo kamah' means 'and not rose', 'od' means 'again', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'be-ish' means 'in a man', 'mif-neichem' means 'before you', 'ki' means 'because', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Eloheichem' means 'your Gods' (Elohim = the Gods, with second‑person plural suffix), 'hu' means 'he', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ba-shamayim' means 'in the heavens', 'mimma''al' means 'from above', 've-al ha-aretz' means 'and on the earth', 'mitachat' means 'from below'.
[JOS.2.12] And now, please swear to me in Yahveh, for I have shown you kindness and you also showed kindness toward my father's house, and you gave me a sign of truth. [§]
ve'atah hishav'u-na li baYahveh ki asiti imachem chesed va'asitem gam-atem im beit avi chesed unetatem li ot emet.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'hishav'u-na' means 'swear to me', 'li' means 'to me', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (YHVH translated as Yahveh), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'imachem' means 'with you (plural)', 'chesed' means 'kindness/loyal love', 'va'asitem' means 'and you did', 'gam-atem' means 'also you', 'im' means 'with', 'beit' means 'house', 'avi' means 'my father', 'chesed' again means 'kindness', 'unetatem' means 'and you gave', 'li' means 'to me', 'ot' means 'sign', 'emet' means 'truth'.
[JOS.2.13] And you shall keep alive my father and my mother and my brothers and my sisters and all that they have, and you shall save our souls from death. [§]
ve-hachiytem et avi ve-et immi ve-et achai ve-et achvotai ve-et kol asher lahem ve-hitzaltem et naphshoteinu mimavet.
've-hachiytem' means 'and you shall keep alive', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'avi' means 'my father', 've-et' means 'and', 'immi' means 'my mother', 'achai' means 'my brothers', 'achvotai' means 'my sisters', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lahem' means 'they have' or 'to them', 've-hitzaltem' means 'and you shall save', 'naphshoteinu' means 'our souls', 'mimavet' means 'from death'.
[JOS.2.14] And the men said to her, Our life is under your power; we will die if you do not tell us this, and it shall be that Yahveh will give us the land and we will do with you kindness and truth. [§]
Vayomaru lah ha'anashim nafshenu tachteichem lamut im lo tagidu et-dvarenu zeh ve-hayah be-tet-Yahveh lanu et-haaretz ve-asinu imach chesed ve-emet.
'Vayomaru' means 'and they said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'nafshenu' means 'our soul or life', 'tachteichem' means 'under you (plural) / beneath you', 'lamut' means 'to die', 'im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'tagidu' means 'you will reveal or tell', 'et-dvarenu' means 'our thing or words', 'zeh' means 'this', 've-hayah' means 'and it will be', 'be-tet-Yahveh' means 'in the giving of Yahveh' (literally 'when Yahveh gives'), 'lanu' means 'to us', 'et-haaretz' means 'the land', 've-asinu' means 'and we will do or make', 'imach' means 'with you', 'chesed' means 'kindness or loyal love', 've-emet' means 'and truth'.
[JOS.2.15] And she lowered them with a rope in front of the courtyard, for her house was in the wall of the fort, and on the wall she was sitting. [§]
Vatordem bachavel bead hachallon ki beitah beqir hachoma ubachoma hi yoshevet.
'Vatordem' means 'and she lowered them'; 'bachavel' means 'with a rope'; 'bead' means 'in front of' or 'against'; 'hachallon' means 'the courtyard' or 'the porch'; 'ki' means 'for' or 'because'; 'beitah' means 'her house'; 'beqir' means 'by the wall' or 'in the wall'; 'hachoma' means 'the wall' (of a fort or building); 'ubachoma' means 'and on the wall'; 'hi' means 'she'; 'yoshevet' means 'was sitting' or 'sat'.
[JOS.2.16] Yahveh said to them, 'The way, go lest the pursuers catch you; and you shall lie there for three days until the pursuers return, and after that you shall go on your way.' [§]
Va'amr lahem ha'arah lechu pen-yipgeu bahem ha-rodefim ve-nachbetem shamah sheloshet yamim ad shov ha-rodefim ve-achar telchu le-darkekhem.
'Va'amr' means 'and said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'ha'arah' means 'the way', 'lechu' means 'go', 'pen-yipgeu' means 'lest they encounter', 'bahem' means 'against you', 'ha-rodefim' means 'the pursuers', 've-nachbetem' means 'and you shall lie down', 'shamah' means 'there', 'sheloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'ad' means 'until', 'shov' means 'return', 've-achar' means 'and after', 'telchu' means 'you shall go', 'le-darkekhem' means 'on your way'. The subject is Yahveh, the divine speaker, so the name of God is rendered as 'Yahveh'.
[JOS.2.17] And they said to her, the men, we are avenged from this oath that you swore to us. [§]
Vayomru eileha ha-anashim nekiyim anahnu mishvuatekh hazeh asher hishbata-nu.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'eileha' means 'to her', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'nekiyim' means 'we are avenged' or 'we have been avenged', 'anahnu' means 'we', 'mishvuatekh' means 'from your oath', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hishbata-nu' means 'you swore to us'.
[JOS.2.18] Behold, we are coming to the land, the hope of the rope of the second this you will bind in the window that we brought down in it, and your father and your mother and your brothers and all the house of your father you shall gather to you the house. [§]
Hinneh anachnu ba'im ba'aretz et-tikvat chut hashani hazeh tiksheri ba-chalon asher horadtemu bo ve-et avich ve-et imekh ve-et achayich ve-et kol-beit avich taaspi elayich ha-baytah.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'ba'im' means 'are coming', 'ba'aretz' means 'to the land', 'et-tikvat' means 'the hope of', 'chut' means 'string or rope', 'hashani' means 'the second', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'tiksheri' means 'you will bind or connect', 'ba-chalon' means 'in the window', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'horadtemu' means 'we brought down', 'bo' means 'in it', 've-et' means 'and', 'avich' means 'your father', 'imekh' means 'your mother', 'achayich' means 'your brothers', 'kol-beit' means 'all house', 'avich' (again) means 'your father’s', 'taaspi' means 'you shall gather', 'elayich' means 'to you', 'ha-baytah' means 'the house'.
[JOS.2.19] And it shall be that whatever goes out from the openings of your house, the courtyard, its blood shall be upon its head, and we shall take vengeance; and whatever is with you in the house, its blood shall be upon our heads; if a hand shall be upon it. [§]
veheyeh kol asher-yetse mi-daltey beitekh ha-chutsa damo berosho va'anachnu nekim ve-kol asher yihye itach ba-bayit damo beroshenu im yad tihye-bo.
"veheyeh" means "and it shall be", "kol" means "all / whatever", "asher-yetse" means "that goes out", "mi-daltey" means "from the openings", "beitekh" means "of your house", "ha-chutsa" means "the courtyard", "damo" means "its blood", "berusho" means "upon its head", "va'anachnu" means "and we", "nekim" means "shall take vengeance", "ve-kol" means "and all / whatever", "asher" means "that", "yihye" means "shall be", "itach" means "with you", "ba-bayit" means "in the house", "damo" means "its blood", "beroshenu" means "upon our heads", "im" means "if", "yad" means "hand", "tihye-bo" means "shall be upon it".
[JOS.2.20] And if you will tell our matter this, we will be avenged from your oath which you swore to us. [§]
veim tagidi et dvarenu zeh vehayinun nekim mishvuatech asher hishbatanu.
"veim" means "and if", "tagidi" means "you (female) will tell", "et" is the direct object marker, "dvarenu" means "our matter/word", "zeh" means "this", "ve" means "and", "hayinun" means "we will become", "nekim" means "avenged" or "vindicated", "mishvuatech" means "from your oath", "asher" means "that/which", "hishbatanu" means "you swore (to) us".
[JOS.2.21] And she said, according to your words, thus he; and she sent them, and they went; and she cut off the hope of the year in the womb. [§]
vatomer ke-divreikhem ken-hu va-tashalchem vayelechu vatiksor et-tikvat ha-shani ba-chalon.
'vatomer' means 'and she said', 'ke-divreikhem' means 'according to your words', 'ken-hu' means 'thus he', 'va-tashalchem' means 'and she sent them', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'vatiksor' means 'and she cut off', 'et-tikvat' means 'the hope of', 'ha-shani' means 'the year', 'ba-chalon' means 'in the womb'.
[JOS.2.22] And they went, and they came to the mountain, and they dwelt there three days until the pursuers returned, and the pursuers searched all the way and did not find. [§]
Vayelechu vayavo ha'arah vayeshvu sham shloshet yamim ad shavu harodfim vayevakshu harodfim bechol-haderach velo matzau.
'Vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'vayavo' means 'and they came', 'ha'arah' means 'the mountain', 'vayeshvu' means 'and they dwelt', 'sham' means 'there', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'ad' means 'until', 'shavu' means 'they returned', 'harodfim' means 'the pursuers', 'vayevakshu' means 'and they sought', 'bechol-haderach' means 'through the whole way', 'velo' means 'and not', 'matzau' means 'they found'.
[JOS.2.23] And the two men returned, went down from the hill, crossed over, and came to Joshua son of Nun, and reported to him all the things they had found. [§]
Vayashuvu shenei ha'anashim vayeredu mehahhar vayavru vayavohu el-Yehoshua ben-nun vayasperu lo et kol hamotzaot otam.
'Vayashuvu' means 'and they returned', 'shenei' means 'two', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'vayeredu' means 'and they went down', 'mehahhar' means 'from the hill', 'vayavru' means 'and they crossed over', 'vayavohu' means 'and they came', 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is a personal name 'Joshua', 'ben-nun' means 'son of Nun', 'vayasperu' means 'and they reported', 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'kol' means 'all', 'hamotzaot' means 'the things found', 'otam' means 'them'.
[JOS.2.24] They said to Joshua, for Yahveh has given into our hand all the land, and also all the inhabitants of the land have fled before us. [§]
Vayomru el-Yehoshua ki-natan Yahveh beyadeinu et kol haaretz vegam-namogu kol-yoshvei haaretz mifaneinu.
'Vayomru' means 'they said', 'el-Yehoshua' means 'to Joshua', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Yahveh' translates the divine name YHVH, 'beyadeinu' means 'in our hand', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'namogu' means 'have fled' or 'are driven away', 'kol-yoshvei' means 'all the dwellers/inhabitants', 'haaretz' again means 'the land', 'mifaneinu' means 'before us' or 'in front of us'.
JOS.3
[JOS.3.1] He rose early, Joshua, in the morning, and they set out from the streams and came to the Jordan, it, and all the children of Israel camped there before they crossed. [§]
Vayashkem Yehoshua ba'boker vayisu meheshitim vayavo'u ad-hayarden hu ve'khol-b'nei Yisrael vayalinu sham terem ya'avoru.
'Vayashkem' means 'he rose early', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'ba'boker' means 'in the morning', 'vayisu' means 'they set out', 'meheshitim' means 'from the streams', 'vayavo'u' means 'they came', 'ad-hayarden' means 'to the Jordan', 'hu' means 'it' (referring to the Jordan), 've'khol-b'nei' means 'and all the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayalinu' means 'they camped', 'sham' means 'there', 'terem' means 'before', 'ya'avoru' means 'they crossed'.
[JOS.3.2] And it was at the end of three days, and the officers passed through the middle of the camp. [§]
vayehi miktze shloshet yamim vayaa'avru hashotrim bekerev hamachane.
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'miktze' means 'at the end of', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'vayaa'avru' means 'and they crossed' or 'passed', 'hashotrim' means 'the officers', 'bekerev' means 'in the midst of', 'hamachane' means 'the camp'.
[JOS.3.3] And they commanded the people, saying, When you see the ark of the covenant of Yahveh your God, and the priests the Levites bearing it, then you will go out from your place and follow after it. [§]
Vayetzavu et ha'am le'emor ki re'otchem et aron brit Yahveh Eloheichem veha'kohanim ha'leviyim noseim oto ve'atem tisseu mimekomchem va'halketem acharav.
'Vayetzavu' means 'and they commanded', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ki' means 'when', 're'otchem' means 'you see', 'et' again marks the object, 'aron' means 'ark', 'brit' means 'covenant', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Eloheichem' means 'your God', 'veha'kohanim' means 'and the priests', 'ha'leviyim' means 'the Levites', 'noseim' means 'carrying' or 'bearing', 'oto' means 'it', 've'atem' means 'and you', 'tisseu' means 'will go out', 'mimekomchem' means 'from your place', 'va'halketem' means 'and you will walk/go', 'acharav' means 'after it' or 'behind it'.
[JOS.3.4] But it will be far between you and him like a thumb's span in the measurement; do not draw near to him for the purpose that you will know the way you will walk in, because you have not crossed the way from yesterday to the day before yesterday. [§]
Ach rachok yihyeh beineichem uveinav kealpayim ammah bamiddah al-tikrevu elav lema'an asher-tedu et-haderach asher telchu ba ki lo avartem ba-derekh mitamol shilshom.
'Ach' means 'but', 'rachok' means 'far', 'yihyeh' means 'it will be', 'beineichem' means 'between you (plural)', 'uveinav' means 'and between him', 'kealpayim' means 'like thumb-widths', 'amm' means 'a span', 'bamiddah' means 'in the measure', 'al-tikrevu' means 'do not draw near', 'elav' means 'to him', 'lema'an' means 'for the purpose', 'asher-tedu' means 'that you will know', 'et-haderach' means 'the way', 'asher telchu' means 'that you will walk', 'ba' means 'in it', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'avartem' means 'you have crossed', 'ba-derekh' means 'the way', 'mitamol' means 'from yesterday', 'shilshom' means 'the day before yesterday'.
[JOS.3.5] And Joshua said to the people, be holy because tomorrow Yahveh will do wonders among you. [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua el-ha'am hitkadashu ki machar ya'ase Yahveh beqirbechem niflaot.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'el-ha'am' means 'to the people', 'hitkadashu' means 'be holy', 'ki' means 'because', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'ya'ase' means 'he will do', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'beqirbechem' means 'among you', and 'niflaot' means 'wonders' or 'miracles'.
[JOS.3.6] And Joshua said to the priests, 'Carry the Ark of the Covenant before the people.' And they lifted the Ark of the Covenant and went before the people. [§]
vayyomer yehoshua el hakohanim leemor seu et aron habrit veivru lifnei ha'am vayisu et aron habrit vayelchu lifnei ha'am.
'vayyomer' means 'and he said', 'yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua (derived from Yahveh meaning Yahveh saves), 'el' means 'to', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'seu' means 'lift' or 'carry', 'et' is the object marker with no direct English equivalent, 'aron' means 'ark', 'habrit' means 'the covenant', 'veivru' means 'and go before' or 'and pass', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'vayisu' means 'and they lifted', and 'vayelchu' means 'and they went'.
[JOS.3.7] Yahveh said to Joshua, This day I will magnify your greatness in the eyes of all Israel, that they may know that as I was with Moses, I will be with you. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Yoshua hayom hazeh achel gadelkha be'enei kol-ysrael asher yedun ki ka'asher hayiti im-moshe ehyeh immah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' means the divine name Yahveh, 'el' means 'to', 'Yoshua' means 'Joshua', 'hayom' means 'this day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'achel' means 'I will magnify', 'gadelkha' means 'your greatness', 'be'enei' means 'in the eyes of', 'kol-ysrael' means 'all Israel', 'asher' means 'that', 'yedun' means 'they may know', 'ki' means 'that', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'im-moshe' means 'with Moses', 'ehyeh' means 'I will be', 'immah' means 'with you'.
[JOS.3.8] And you shall command the priests who bear the Ark of the covenant, saying, When you come to the end of the waters of the Jordan, in the Jordan you shall stand. [§]
Ve'ata t'savve et-hakohein nos'ei Aron haBrit lemor kevoachem ad ketshe mei haYarden baYarden ta'amodu.
'Ve'ata' means 'And you', 't'savve' means 'shall command', 'et-hakohein' means 'the priests', 'nos'ei' means 'who bear' or 'carrying', 'Aron' means 'Ark', 'haBrit' means 'of the covenant', 'lemor' means 'saying', 'kevoachem' means 'when you come', 'ad' means 'to', 'ketshe' means 'the end', 'mei' means 'waters of', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'baYarden' means 'in the Jordan', 'ta'amodu' means 'you shall stand'.
[JOS.3.9] And Joshua said to the children of Israel, Listen now and hear the words of Yahveh your Gods. [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua el-bnei Yisrael goshuh hena veshimu et-divrei Yahveh Eloheichem.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'el-bnei Yisrael' means 'to the children of Israel', 'goshuh' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'hena' is an emphatic particle meaning 'here' or 'now', 'veshimu' means 'and hear', 'et-divrei' means 'the words of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'Eloheichem' is the construct form of 'Elohim', literally 'your the Gods' which is rendered in smooth English as 'your Gods'.
[JOS.3.10] And Joshua said, By this you will know that God, the living God, is among you, and the one who drives out will drive out before you the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Hivite, the Perizzite, the Girgashite, the Amorite, and the Jebusite. [§]
vayomer Yehoshua bezot ted'ahun ki El chai beqirbechem vehoresh yorish mifneichem et-hakanna'ani ve'et-hachiti ve'et-hachivi ve'et-hap'rizzi ve'et-hagirgashi veha'emori ve'hayevusi.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'bezot' means 'by this', 'ted'ahun' means 'you will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'El' means 'God', 'chai' means 'living', 'beqirbechem' means 'among you', 'vehoresh' means 'and the one who drives out', 'yorish' means 'will drive out', 'mifneichem' means 'before you', 'et-hakanna'ani' means 'the Canaanite', 've'et-hachiti' means 'the Hittite', 've'et-hachivi' means 'the Hivite', 've'et-hap'rizzi' means 'the Perizzite', 've'et-hagirgashi' means 'the Girgashite', 'veha'emori' means 'the Amorite', 've'hayevusi' means 'the Jebusite'.
[JOS.3.11] Behold the ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth passes before you in the Jordan. [§]
Hineh aron haBrit Adon kol haaretz over lefanekhem baYarden.
'Hineh' means 'Behold', 'aron' means 'ark', 'haBrit' means 'the covenant', 'Adon' means 'Lord', 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'over' means 'passes', 'lefanekhem' means 'before you', 'baYarden' means 'in the Jordan'.
[JOS.3.12] Now take for yourselves twelve men of the tribes of Israel, one man from each tribe. [§]
Ve'atta kechu lakhem shnei asar ish mishve-tei Yisrael ish-echad ish-echad la-shaveth.
'Ve'atta' means 'now', 'kechu' means 'take', 'lakhem' means 'for yourselves', 'shnei' means 'two' but in this idiom denotes a pair meaning 'twelve', 'asar' means 'twelve', 'ish' means 'man' or 'person', 'mishve-tei' means 'of the families/tribes', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ish-echad' means 'one man', repeated for emphasis, 'la-shaveth' means 'to the tribe' (literally 'for the tribe').
[JOS.3.13] And it shall be as the palms of the feet of the priests bearing the ark of Yahveh, Lord of all the earth, in the waters of the Jordan; the waters of the Jordan shall be cut off, the waters that go down from above shall stand as one flood. [§]
vehayah k'noach kappot raglei hakohaním nos'ei aron Yahveh Adon kol-haaretz be-mei hayarden mei hayarden yikkaretun hamayim hayordim milmala ve'yaamdu ned echad.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'k'noach' means 'as a resting' (like), 'kappot' means 'palms', 'raglei' means 'of the feet', 'hakohaním' means 'the priests', 'nos'ei' means 'carriers' or 'those who bear', 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Adon' means 'Lord' (the master), 'kol-haaretz' means 'all the earth', 'be-mei' means 'in the waters of', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', the second 'mei hayarden' repeats 'waters of the Jordan', 'yikkaretun' means 'they will be cut off', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'hayordim' means 'that go down', 'milmala' means 'from above', 've'yaamdu' means 'and they will stand', 'ned' means 'flood' or 'poured water', 'echad' means 'one'.
[JOS.3.14] And it happened, when the people were traveling from their tents to cross the Jordan, and the priests who bore the ark of the covenant went before the people. [§]
Vayehi binso'a ha'am me'aholeihem la'avor et-hayarden veha'kohanim nos'ei ha'aron habrit lifnei ha'am.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'so it happened', 'binso'a' means 'when traveling' or 'in the journey', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'me'aholeihem' means 'from their tents', 'la'avor' means 'to cross', 'et-hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'veha'kohanim' means 'and the priests', 'nos'ei' means 'those who bear' or 'carrying', 'ha'aron' means 'the ark', 'habrit' means 'of the covenant', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'ha'am' means 'the people'.
[JOS.3.15] And when the bearers of the ark came to the Jordan, and the feet of the priests who bore the ark were dipped at the water's edge, the Jordan was full over all its banks all the days of the harvest. [§]
Uchevo nossei ha'aron ad hayarden ve'raglei ha'kohein nossei ha'aron nitvelu biqetze ha-mayim ve'hayarden male al kol gedotav kol yemei katsir.
'Uchevo' means 'and when', 'nossei' means 'the bearers', 'ha'aron' means 'of the ark', 'ad' means 'to', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 've'raglei' means 'and the feet of', 'ha'kohein' means 'the priests', 'nitvelu' means 'were dipped', 'biqetze' means 'at the edge of', 'ha-mayim' means 'the water', 've'hayarden' means 'and the Jordan', 'male' means 'was full', 'al' means 'over', 'kol' means 'all', 'gedotav' means 'its banks', 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'katsir' means 'harvest'.
[JOS.3.16] And the waters that descend from above stood; one cloud rose far beyond the city of man that is from the side of Tzartan, and those who go down on the western sea, the salty sea, were cut off, and the people passed opposite Jericho. [§]
Vaya'amdu hamayim hayordim milma'la, kami ned echad harcheq meod be'adam ha'ir asher mitzad Tzartan, ve'hayordim al yam ha'arevah yam-hamelach tamu nichratu, ve'ha'am avru neged Yericho.
'Vaya'amdu' means 'and they stood', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'hayordim' means 'that go down/descend', 'milma'la' means 'from above', 'kami' means 'they rose/stood up', 'ned' means 'a cloud', 'echad' means 'one', 'harcheq' means 'far beyond', 'meod' means 'very', 'be'adam' means 'in the city', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'mitzad' means 'from the side of', 'Tzartan' is a place name, 've'hayordim' means 'and those who go down', 'al' means 'on/over', 'yam' means 'sea', 'ha'arevah' means 'the western', 'yam-hamelach' means 'the salty sea', 'tamu' means 'were cut off', 'nichratu' means 'they were cut off', 've'ha'am' means 'and the people', 'avru' means 'passed', 'negod' means 'in front of/opposite', 'Yericho' is the name of the city Jericho.
[JOS.3.17] And the priests bearing the ark of the covenant of Yahveh stood in the midst of the Jordan, prepared, and all Israel passed through the Jordan until the whole nation had crossed the Jordan. [§]
vayamdu hakohanim nos'ei haaron berit-Yahveh becharava betoch haYarden haken vekhol-Yisrael ovrim becharava ad asher-tamu kol-hagoy laavor et-hayarden.
'vayamdu' means 'and they stood', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'nos'ei' means 'bearing' or 'carrying', 'haaron' means 'the ark', 'berit-Yahveh' means 'the covenant of Yahveh', 'becharava' means 'in the midst' or 'in the desert', 'betoch' means 'within' or 'in the midst of', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'haken' means 'the prepared' or 'ready', 'vekhol-Yisrael' means 'and all Israel', 'ovrim' means 'are passing' or 'passed through', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher-tamu' means 'that all', 'kol-hagoy' means 'the whole nation', 'laavor' means 'to cross', 'et-hayarden' means 'the Jordan'.
JOS.4
[JOS.4.1] And it was as they had finished all the people to go across the Jordan, Yahveh said to Joshua, saying. [§]
vayehi ke'ashar tamu kol haggoy la'avor et hayarden vayomer Yahveh el Yehoshua le'emor.
'vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it happened', 'ke'ashar' means 'as' or 'when', 'tamu' means 'they finished' or 'they had finished', 'kol' means 'all', 'haggoy' means 'the people' or 'the nation', 'la'avor' means 'to go across', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[JOS.4.2] Take for yourselves from the people twelve men, one man each from a tribe. [§]
Kehu lakhem min haam shenayim asar anashim ish echad ish echad mishavet
'Kehu' means 'take', 'lakhem' means 'for yourselves', 'min' means 'from', 'haam' means 'the people', 'shenayim' means 'twelve', 'asar' is the numeral 'twelve' reinforcing the count, 'anashim' means 'men', 'ish' means 'man', 'echad' means 'one', the phrase 'ish echad' is repeated to stress 'one man each', and 'mishavet' means 'of a tribe' or 'from a tribe'.
[JOS.4.3] And command them, saying, Take for yourselves from this place, from the midst of the Jordan, from the position of the feet of the priests, twelve stones; prepare them, carry them with you, and place them in the heap that we set up in it during the night. [§]
vetzavu otam leemor se'u-lachem mi-zeh mito'kh hayarden mimatzav raglei hakohanim hakin shteim-eshreh avanim vehavartem otam imachem vehinachtam bamalon asher talinu bo halayla.
'vetzavu' means 'and command', 'otam' means 'them', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'se'u' means 'take', 'lachem' means 'for yourselves', 'mi-zeh' means 'from this', 'mito'kh' means 'from the midst of', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'mimatzav' means 'from the place of', 'raglei' means 'the feet of', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'hakin' means 'prepare', 'shteim-eshreh' means 'twelve', 'avanim' means 'stones', 'vehavartem' means 'and carry them', 'imachem' means 'with you', 'vehinachtam' means 'and place them', 'bamlon' means 'in the heap', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'talinu' means 'we set up', 'bo' means 'in it', 'halayla' means 'the night'.
[JOS.4.4] And Joshua called the twelve men who prepared (selected) from the children of Israel one man from each tribe. [§]
vayikra yehoshua el shnei ha'asar ish asher hekin mibnei yisrael ish-echad ish-echad mishbet
'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'el' means 'to', 'shnei' means 'two', 'ha'asar' means 'the ten' (together 'shnei ha'asar' denotes 'the twelve'), 'ish' means 'man', 'asher' means 'who', 'hekin' means 'prepared' or 'selected', 'mibnei' means 'from the children of', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ish-echad' means 'one man' (repeated to emphasize each), 'mishbet' means 'of the tribe'.
[JOS.4.5] And Joshua said to them, 'Cross before the ark of Yahveh your God into the middle of the Jordan, and each of you lift up a stone on your shoulder for the number of the clans of the sons of Israel.' [§]
Vayomer lahem Yehoshua ivru lifnei aron Yahveh Eloheichem el-toch haYarden veharimu lakhem ish even achat al-shikmo lemispar shivtei b'nei Yisrael.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'ivru' means 'cross', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Eloheichem' combines 'El' (God) with the suffix meaning 'your', so 'your God', 'el-toch' means 'into the midst', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'veharimu' means 'and lift up', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'ish' means 'a man' or 'each', 'even' means 'stone', 'achat' means 'one', 'al-shikmo' means 'on his shoulder', 'lemispar' means 'for the number of', 'shivtei' means 'clans', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.4.6] In order that this may be a sign among you, because your children will ask tomorrow, saying, 'What are these stones to you?' [§]
Lema'an tiheyeh zot ot beqirvechem ki yish'alu'n b'neichem machar le'emor ma ha'avanim ha'eleh lachem.
'Lema'an' means 'in order that', 'tiheyeh' means 'it will be', 'zot' means 'this', 'ot' means 'sign', 'beqirvechem' means 'among you', 'ki' means 'because', 'yish'alu'n' means 'they will ask', 'b'neichem' means 'your children', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ma' means 'what', 'ha'avanim' means 'the stones', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'lachem' means 'to you'.
[JOS.4.7] And you shall say to them who were cut off from the waters of the Jordan because of the ark of the covenant of Yahveh when it passed the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off, and these stones shall be a memorial for the children of Israel forever. [§]
vaamartem lahem asher nichretu meimei hayarden mipnei aron berit Yahveh beavro bayarden nichretu mei hayarden vehayu ha'avanim ha'ele lezikaron livnei Yisrael ad olam.
'vaamartem' means 'and you shall say', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'asher' means 'who', 'nichretu' means 'were cut off', 'meimei' means 'waters of', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'aron' means 'ark', 'berit Yahveh' means 'covenant of Yahveh', 'beavro' means 'when it passed', 'bayarden' means 'the Jordan', a second 'nichretu mei hayarden' repeats 'the waters of the Jordan were cut off', 'vehayu' means 'and they shall be', 'ha'avanim' means 'the stones', 'ha'ele' means 'these', 'lezikaron' means 'as a memorial', 'livnei Yisrael' means 'for the children of Israel', 'ad olam' means 'forever'.
[JOS.4.8] And the children of Israel did so, as Joshua commanded, and they took twelve stones from the midst of the Jordan, as Yahveh spoke to Joshua concerning the number of the tribes of the children of Israel; and they carried them over with them to the heap and placed them there. [§]
Vayya'asu-ken b'nei Yisrael ke'aser tzivah Yehoshua vayisse'u shtei-esrei avanim mitoch haYarden ke'aser diber Yahveh el Yehoshua lemispar shivtei b'nei Yisrael vayaa'virum imam el hamalon vayannichum sham.
'Vayya'asu' means 'and they did', 'ken' means 'so', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ke'aser' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'Joshua commanded', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'vayisse'u' means 'and they took', 'shtei-esrei' means 'twelve', 'avanim' means 'stones', 'mitoch' means 'from the midst of', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'lemispar' means 'concerning the number of', 'shivtei' means 'the tribes of', 'vayaa'virum' means 'they carried them over', 'imam' means 'with them', 'el' means 'to', 'hamalon' means 'the heap', 'vayannichum' means 'and they placed them', 'sham' means 'there'.
[JOS.4.9] And twelve stones Joshua set up in the middle of the Jordan under the place of the feet of the priests who bore the Ark of the Covenant, and they were there until this day. [§]
Ushtayim esreh avanim hekim Yehoshua betoch hayarden tachat matsav raglei hakohanim nos'ei aron habrit vayihyu sham ad hayom hazeh.
'Ushtayim' means 'twelve', 'esreh' means 'stones', 'avanim' means 'stones' (plural object), 'hekim' means 'set up', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'betoch' means 'in the middle of', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'tachat' means 'under', 'matsav' means 'the place' or 'position', 'raglei' means 'the feet of', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'nos'ei' means 'those bearing' or 'bearers of', 'aron' means 'ark', 'habrit' means 'the covenant', 'vayihyu' means 'and they were', 'sham' means 'there', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[JOS.4.10] And the priests who carried the ark were standing in the midst of the Jordan until the whole matter that Yahveh commanded Joshua to speak to the people, just as Moses commanded Joshua, and the people hurried and crossed. [§]
vehakohanim nos'ei ha'aron omdim betoch hayarden ad tam kol-hadavar asher-tsivah Yahveh et-Yehoshua le-daber el-ha'am kechol asher-tsivah Moshe et-Yehoshua vaymaheru ha'am vay'avoru.
'vehakohanim' means 'and the priests', 'nos'ei' means 'who bear' or 'carriers of', 'ha'aron' means 'the ark', 'omdim' means 'standing', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'ad' means 'until', 'tam' means 'complete' or 'finished', 'kol-hadavar' means 'all the matter', 'asher-tsivah' means 'that (He) commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-Yehoshua' means 'Joshua' (the object marker is not rendered in English), 'le-daber' means 'to speak', 'el-ha'am' means 'to the people', 'kechol' means 'as all', the second 'asher-tsivah' repeats 'that (He) commanded', 'Moshe' is the literal translation of Moses, the second 'et-Yehoshua' repeats 'Joshua', 'vaymaheru' means 'they hastened', 'ha'am' means 'the people', and 'vay'avoru' means 'they crossed'.
[JOS.4.11] And it happened when all the people had finished crossing, and the Ark of Yahveh and the priests went before the people. [§]
Vayehi ka'ashar tam kol ha'am la'avor vayya'avor aron Yahveh vehakohanim lifnei ha'am.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ka'ashar' means 'when', 'tam' means 'finished', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'la'avor' means 'to cross', 'vayya'avor' means 'and (it) crossed', 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vehakohanim' means 'and the priests', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ha'am' means 'the people'.
[JOS.4.12] And the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh crossed before the sons of Israel as Moses had spoken to them. [§]
Vaya'avru b'nei-Reuven u'v'nei-Gad vachatsi shevet haManasseh chamushim lifnei b'nei Yisrael ka'asher diber aleihem Moshe.
'Vaya'avru' means 'and they crossed', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Reuven' is the name of a tribe, 'u'v'nei' means 'and the sons of', 'Gad' is another tribe, 'vachatsi' means 'and half', 'shevet' means 'the tribe', 'haManasseh' means 'of Manasseh', 'chamushim' means 'crossed' (verb form), 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'b'nei' again means 'the sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'Moshe' is the name Moses.
[JOS.4.13] Forty thousand troops of the army passed before Yahveh toward battle at the outskirts of Jericho. [§]
ke'arba'im elef chalutzei hatzava avru lifnei Yahveh lamilchamah el arbeot Yericho.
'ke'arba'im' means 'as forty', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'chalutzei' means 'troops of', 'hatzava' means 'the army', 'avru' means 'they passed', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH, 'lamilchamah' means 'to battle', 'el' means 'toward', 'arbeot' means 'the outskirts', 'Yericho' means 'Jericho'.
[JOS.4.14] In that day Yahveh raised up Joshua in the eyes of all Israel, and they saw him as they had seen Moses all the days of his life. [§]
b'Yom hahu giddal YHWH et-Yehoshua b'eeney kol-Yisrael vayiro'u oto ka'asher yar'u et-Moshe kol yemei chayav.
'b'Yom' means 'in the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'giddal' means 'raised up', 'YHWH' means 'Yahveh', 'et-Yehoshua' means 'Joshua (as object)', 'b'eeney' means 'in the eyes of', 'kol-Yisrael' means 'all Israel', 'vayiro'u' means 'and they saw', 'oto' means 'him', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'yar'u' means 'they feared/awere afraid of', 'et-Moshe' means 'Moses', 'kol yemei' means 'all days of', 'chayav' means 'his life'.
[JOS.4.15] And Yahveh said to Joshua, saying. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el Yehoshua leemor.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'leemor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[JOS.4.16] Command the priests bearing the Ark of the Testimony to go up from the Jordan. [§]
Tzavve et ha-kohein nos'ei aron ha-edut ve-ya'alu min ha-yarden.
'Tzavve' means 'command', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (often left untranslated), 'ha-kohein' means 'the priests', 'nos'ei' means 'those who bear', 'aron' means 'ark', 'ha-edut' means 'the testimony' (the covenant), 've-ya'alu' means 'and they shall go up', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-yarden' means 'the Jordan'.
[JOS.4.17] And Joshua commanded the priests, saying, 'Go up from the Jordan.' [§]
Va-yetzav Yehoshua et ha-kohanim le'emor alo min ha-Yarden.
'Va-yetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ha-kohanim' means 'the priests', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'alo' means 'go up', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-Yarden' means 'the Jordan'.
[JOS.4.18] And it happened when the priests bearing the Ark of the Covenant of Yahveh went up from the Jordan, the soles of the priests' feet slipped to the ruin, and they turned back from the waters of the Jordan to their place, and they went as on the day before yesterday upon all its walls. [§]
vayhi ba'alot hakoheanim nosei aron berit Yahveh mitoch hayarden nit'ku kappot raglei hakoheanim el hecharavah vayashuvu mei hayarden limkomam vayeilchu kitmol shilshom al kol gedotav.
'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'ba'alot' means 'when [they] went up', 'hakoheanim' means 'the priests', 'nosei' means 'those bearing', 'aron' means 'ark', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'mitoch' means 'from within', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'nit'ku' means 'their feet slipped', 'kappot' means 'soles', 'raglei' means 'of the feet', 'el' means 'to', 'hecharavah' means 'the ruin' or 'desolation', 'vayashuvu' means 'and they turned back', 'mei' means 'waters of', 'limkomam' means 'to their place', 'vayeilchu' means 'and they went', 'kitmol shilshom' is an idiom meaning 'as on the day before yesterday' or 'as on a previous day', 'al' means 'upon', 'kol' means 'all', 'gedotav' means 'its walls'.
[JOS.4.19] And the people went up from the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and they camped at Gilgal on the east side of Jericho. [§]
vehaam aloo min-hayarden be'ashor lachodesh harishon vayachanu bagilgal biketzeh mizrach yericho.
'vehaam' means 'and the people', 'aloo' means 'went up', 'min-hayarden' means 'from the Jordan', 'be'ashor' means 'on the tenth', 'lachodesh' means 'of the month', 'harishon' means 'the first', 'vayachanu' means 'and they camped', 'bagilgal' means 'at Gilgal', 'biketzeh' means 'at the end of', 'mizrach' means 'east', 'yericho' means 'Jericho'.
[JOS.4.20] And the twelve stones that they took from the Jordan Joshua set up at Gilgal. [§]
ve'et shteim esreh haavanim haele asher lakchu min-hayarden hekim Yehoshua bagilgal.
've'et' means 'and (the direct object marker)', 'shteim esreh' means 'twelve', 'haavanim' means 'the stones', 'haele' means 'these', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'lakchu' means 'they took', 'min-hayarden' means 'from the Jordan', 'hekim' means 'erected' or 'set up', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua (the theophoric element refers to Yahveh but is kept as a proper name), 'bagilgal' means 'at Gilgal'.
[JOS.4.21] And he said to the children of Israel, saying, that they will ask your children tomorrow about their fathers, saying, 'What are these stones?' [§]
Vayomer el-bnei Yisrael le'emor asher yish' alun b'neichem machar et-avotam le'emor mah ha'avanim ha'elleh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el-bnei' means 'to the children of' (here 'el' is a preposition, not the divine name), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'yish' alun' means 'they will ask', 'b'neichem' means 'your children', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'et-avotam' means 'their fathers', another 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'mah' means 'what', 'ha'avanim' means 'the stones', and 'ha'elleh' means 'these'.
[JOS.4.22] And you shall inform your children, saying, on the dry land Israel crossed this Jordan. [§]
vehodatem et-b'neichem le'emor ba-yabashah avar Yisrael et-hayarden hazeh.
'vehodatem' means 'and you will inform', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'b'neichem' means 'your children', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ba-yabashah' means 'on the dry land', 'avar' means 'has crossed', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et' again the object marker, 'ha-yarden' means 'the Jordan', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[JOS.4.23] Which Yahveh the Gods your dry up the water of the Jordan from before you until you cross, as Yahveh the Gods your made to the sea of end which dry up from before us until we cross. [§]
asher-hovish Yahveh the Gods your et-mei haYarden mipaneichem ad avorachem ka'asher asa Yahveh the Gods your leYam Suf asher-hovish mipaneinu ad avareinu.
'asher' means 'which' or 'as', 'hovish' means 'dry up', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'the Gods' translates Elohim, 'your' is the suffix -khem, 'et' is a grammatical marker (not translated), 'mei' means 'waters of', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'mipaneichem' means 'from before you', 'ad' means 'until', 'avorachem' means 'you cross', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'asa' means 'did' or 'made', 'leYam' means 'to sea', 'Suf' means 'end' (together 'sea of end'), 'mipaneinu' means 'from before us', 'avareinu' means 'we cross'.
[JOS.4.24] For the knowledge of all peoples of the earth the hand of Yahveh, because it is strong, for the sake that you may fear Yahveh, your Gods, all the days. [§]
lema'an daat kol-amei haaretz et-yad Yahveh ki chazakah hi lema'an yiratem et-Yahveh eloheichem kol-hayamim
'lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'daat' means 'knowledge', 'kol-amei' means 'all peoples of', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'et-yad' means 'the hand of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'chazakah' means 'strong', 'hi' means 'it', another 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'yiratem' means 'you may fear', 'et-Yahveh' means 'the Yahveh', 'eloheichem' means 'your the Gods' (Elohim = the Gods), 'kol-hayamim' means 'all the days'.
JOS.5
[JOS.5.1] And it happened when all the kings of the Amorite who were beyond the Jordan were amazed and all the kings of the Canaanite who were by the sea, that the one Yahveh had dried up the waters of the Jordan because of the children of Israel until they passed, and he made their hearts faint and there was no longer any spirit because of the children of Israel. [§]
Va-yehi kishmo'a kol-malkhei ha-Emori asher be'ever ha-Yarden yamah ve-kol-malkhei ha-Kena'ani asher al-hayam et asher hobesh Yahveh et-mei ha-Yarden mipnei b'nei-Yisrael ad avarnu vayimas levavam ve-lo hayah bam od ruach mipnei b'nei-Yisrael.
'Va-yehi' means 'and it happened', 'kishmo'a' means 'when hearing/when hearing of', 'kol' means 'all', 'malkhei' means 'kings of', 'ha-Emori' means 'the Amorite', 'asher' means 'who', 'be'ever' means 'beyond', 'ha-Yarden' means 'the Jordan', 'yamah' means 'were amazed' (lit. 'were dumbfounded'), 've-kol' means 'and all', 'ha-Kena'ani' means 'the Canaanite', 'al-hayam' means 'by the sea', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'asher' again 'who', 'hobesh' means 'dried up' (lit. 'made to wither'), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-mei' means 'the waters of', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'b'nei-Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'ad' means 'until', 'avarnu' means 'they passed', 'vayimas' means 'and he made faint', 'levavam' means 'their hearts', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'hayah' means 'was', 'bam' means 'in them', 'od' means 'any more', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'mipnei' again 'because of'.
[JOS.5.2] At that time Yahveh said to Joshua, Make for yourself sharp swords and again turn back the children of Israel a second time. [§]
ba'et hahih amar Yahveh el-Yehoshua 'ase lecha charvot tzurim ve-shuv mol et-benei-Yisrael sheinit.
'ba'et' means 'at the time', 'hahih' means 'that', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, ''ase' means 'make', 'lecha' means 'for yourself', 'charvot' means 'swords', 'tzurim' means 'sharp' (lit. 'hard', 'pointed'), 've' means 'and', 'shuv' means 'again', 'mol' means 'turn back' or 'return', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'benei' means 'sons of' or 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'sheinit' means 'second' or 'a second time'.
[JOS.5.3] And Joshua made for him sharp swords and cast the sons of Israel to the hill of the thickets. [§]
Vayya'as lo Yehoshua charvot tzurim vayamal et-benei Yisrael el-gebat ha'aralot.
'Vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'lo' means 'for him', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'charvot' means 'swords', 'tzurim' means 'sharp' or 'pointed', 'vayamal' means 'and he cast', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'benei' means 'sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'el' means 'to', 'gebat' means 'the hill of', 'ha'aralot' means 'the thickets' or 'the bushy places'.
[JOS.5.4] And this is the thing that Joshua said: all the people who went out of Egypt, the males, all the men of war, died in the desert on the way when they went out of Egypt. [§]
vezeh hadavar asher-mal Yhoshua kol haam hayotze memitzrayim hakzharim kol anshei hamilchamah metu bamidbar baderech betze\'etam memitzrayim.
'vezeh' means 'and this', 'hadavar' means 'the thing', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'mal' means 'said/spoke', 'Yhoshua' is the name Joshua, 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'hayotze' means 'who went out', 'memitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'hakzharim' means 'the males', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'hamilchamah' means 'war', 'metu' means 'died', 'bamidbar' means 'in the desert', 'baderech' means 'on the way', 'betze\'etam' means 'when they went out', 'memitzrayim' repeats 'from Egypt'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of God names is needed.
[JOS.5.5] Because they were angry, all the people who went out, and all the people who were born in the wilderness on the way, when they went out from Egypt, did not become angry. [§]
ki-mulim hayu kol-haam hayotze'im vekol-haam hayillodim bammidbar badderach betzatam mimmitsrayim lo-malu.
'ki' means 'because', 'mulim' means 'were angry', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'hayotze'im' means 'who went out', 'vekol' means 'and all', 'hayillodim' means 'who were born', 'bammidbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'badderach' means 'on the way', 'betzatam' means 'when they went out', 'mimmitsrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'lo' means 'not', 'malu' means 'became angry' or 'turned'.
[JOS.5.6] Because for forty years the children of Israel walked in the wilderness until the whole nation, the men of war who went out from Egypt, who did not hear the voice of Yahveh, which Yahveh swore to them that they would not see the land which Yahveh swore to their ancestors to give us—a land flowing with milk and honey. [§]
Ki arba'im shanah halchu b'nei Yisrael ba-midbar ad tam kol-hagoy anashe hamilchamah hayotzim mi-mitzrayim asher lo shamu be'kol Yahveh asher nishba Yahveh lahem levilti harotam et haaretz asher nishba Yahveh laavotam latet lanu eretz zavat chalav udevash.
'Ki' means 'because', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'halchu' means 'they walked', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'ad tam' means 'until the end', 'kol-hagoy' means 'the whole nation', 'anashtei hamilchamah' means 'the men of war', 'hayotzim' means 'who went out', 'mi-mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'asher lo shamu' means 'who did not hear', 'be'kol Yahveh' means 'the voice of Yahveh', 'asher nishba Yahveh lahem' means 'which Yahveh swore to them', 'levilti harotam' means 'that they would not see', 'et haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher nishba Yahveh laavotam' means 'which Yahveh swore to their ancestors', 'latet lanu' means 'to give us', 'eretz zavat chalav udevash' means 'a land flowing with milk and honey'. The divine name YHVH is rendered literally as 'Yahveh' according to the given translation rule.
[JOS.5.7] And he established their sons beneath them, by Joshua, because they were uncircumcised, for they had not turned them on the way. [§]
ve'et b'neihem hekim tach'tam otam mal Yehoshua ki arelim hayu ki lo malu otam ba-darekh.
've'et' means 'and', 'b'neihem' means 'their sons', 'hekim' means 'he established' or 'he raised up', 'tach'tam' (literally 'under them') means 'beneath them' or 'in their place', 'otam' means 'them', 'mal' is a particle here rendered as 'by' or indicating association, 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'ki' means 'because', 'arelim' means 'uncircumcised ones', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'ki' again means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'malu' means 'they turned' or 'they inclined', 'otam' again 'them', 'ba-darekh' means 'on the way' or 'in the path'.
[JOS.5.8] And it happened as when all the nation became exhausted; they sat under them in the camp until their lives were ended. [§]
vayhi ka'asher-tamu kol-hagoy lehimol vayeshu tachtam bamachane ad chayotam.
'vayhi' means 'and it happened', 'ka'asher-tamu' means 'as when they will be finished', 'kol-hagoy' means 'all the nation', 'lehimol' means 'to become exhausted', 'vayeshu' means 'and they sat', 'tachtam' means 'under them', 'bamachane' means 'in the camp', 'ad' means 'until', 'chayotam' means 'their lives'.
[JOS.5.9] And Yahveh said to Joshua, today I have lifted up the shame of Egypt from upon you, and the name of that place shall be Gilgal until this day. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Yehoshua ha-yom galoti et-cherpat Mitzrayim me-aleichem vayikra shem ha-makom ha-hu Gilgal ad ha-yom ha-ze.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is 'Joshua', 'ha-yom' means 'the today', 'galoti' means 'I have lifted up', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'cherpat' means 'shame', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'me-aleichem' means 'from upon you', 'vayikra' means 'and (he) called', 'shem' means 'name', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'Gilgal' is a proper name, 'ad' means 'until', 'ha-yom' means 'the day', 'ha-ze' means 'this'.
[JOS.5.10] And the sons of Israel camped at Gilgal, and they kept the Passover on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, at the evenings of Jericho. [§]
Vayachanu b'nei Yisrael bagilgal vay'asu et hapessach be'arba asar yom lachodesh ba'erev be'arvot Yericho.
'Vayachanu' means 'and they camped', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'bagilgal' means 'at Gilgal', 'vay'asu' means 'and they did' (here 'kept' or 'observed'), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hapessach' means 'the Passover', 'be'arba asar' means 'on fourteenth', 'yom' means 'day', 'lachodesh' means 'of the month', 'ba'erev' means 'in the evening', 'be'arvot' means 'at the evenings', 'Yericho' means 'Jericho'.
[JOS.5.11] And they ate for the land from the next day of the Passover matzot and Kalu(i) on that very day. [§]
Vayokhlu me'avur ha'aretz mimachorat ha'pesach matzot ve'kalui be'etzem ha'yom ha'ze.
'Vayokhlu' means 'and they ate', 'me'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'mimachorat' means 'from the tomorrow/next day', 'ha'pesach' means 'the Passover', 'matzot' means 'matzot (unleavened bread)', 've'kalui' means 'and Kalu(i) (a term referring to a particular offering or sacred food)', 'be'etzem' means 'in the very', 'ha'yom' means 'the day', 'ha'ze' means 'this'.
[JOS.5.12] And they stopped taking manna from the next day when they ate it because of the land, and there was no longer any manna for the children of Israel, and they ate the produce of the land of Canaan in that year. [§]
Vayishbot haMann mimacharot b'ochlam me'avur haaretz velo hayah od livnei Yisrael mann vayochlu mit'vuat eretz Kena'an ba-shanah haheia.
'Vayishbot' means 'and they ceased', 'haMann' means 'the manna', 'mimacharot' means 'from the next day', 'b'ochlam' means 'when they ate it', 'me'avur haaretz' means 'because of the land', 'velo hayah od' means 'and there was no more', 'livnei Yisrael' means 'for the children of Israel', 'mann' repeats 'manna', 'vayochlu' means 'and they ate', 'mit'vuat eretz' means 'the produce of the land', 'Kena'an' means 'Canaan', 'ba-shanah haheia' means 'in that year'.
[JOS.5.13] And it happened, when Joshua was at Jericho, he lifted his eyes and saw, and behold, a man standing before him, with his sword drawn in his hand; and Joshua went to him and said to him, 'Are you for us, or for our enemies?' [§]
Vayehi bihyot Yehoshua biricho vayissa einav vayare v'hineh ish omed lenegdo v'charbo shelupah beyado vayelech Yehoshua elav vayomer lo halanu attah im letzareinu.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'bihyot' means 'when', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'biricho' means 'at Jericho', 'vayissa' means 'and he lifted', 'einav' means 'his eyes', 'vayare' means 'and he saw', 'v'hineh' means 'and behold', 'ish' means 'a man', 'omed' means 'standing', 'lenegdo' means 'before him', 'v'charbo' means 'and his sword', 'shelupah' means 'drawn', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'vayelech' means 'and Joshua went', 'elav' means 'to him', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'halanu' means 'are you for us', 'attah' means 'you', 'im' means 'or', 'letzareinu' means 'for our enemies'.
[JOS.5.14] And he said, No, for I am the commander of the host of Yahveh now I have come, and Joshua fell on his face to the ground and bowed, and he said to him, What, my Lord, speaks to his servant. [§]
Vayomer lo ki ani sar-tzeva-yahveh atta bati vayipol yehoshua el-panav artzah vayishtachu vayomer lo mah adoni medaber el-avdo.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'no', 'ki' means 'for', 'ani' means 'I', 'sar-tzeva-yahveh' means 'commander of the host of Yahveh', 'atta' means 'now', 'bati' means 'I have come', 'vayipol' means 'and he fell', 'yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'el-panav' means 'to his face', 'artzah' means 'the ground', 'vayishtachu' means 'and he bowed', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'mah' means 'what', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'medaber' means 'speaks', 'el-avdo' means 'to his servant'.
[JOS.5.15] And the chief of hosts Yahveh said to Joshua, Remove your sandals from your feet, because the place where you are standing is holy; and Joshua did so. [§]
Vayomer sar-tzeva Yahveh el Yehoshua: Shal na'alecha me'al raglecha, ki ha-makom asher attah omed alav kodesh hu; vayasah Yehoshua ken.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'sar-tzeva' means 'chief of hosts', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'Shal' means 'remove', 'na'alecha' means 'your sandals', 'me'al' means 'from', 'raglecha' means 'your feet', 'ki' means 'because', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'that', 'attah' means 'you', 'omed' means 'stand', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'hu' means 'it', 'vayasah' means 'and did', 'ken' means 'so'.
JOS.6
[JOS.6.1] And Jerusalem is shut and locked because of the children of Israel; there is no one going out and no one coming in. [§]
ve-yee-ree-KHO soh-geh-RET oo-meh-soo-GEH-ret mee-PNEI veh-NEI YIS-rah-EL ayn YOT-seh vay ayn BAH.
've' means 'and', 'Yiricho' means 'Jerusalem', 'sogeret' means 'shut', 'u' means 'and', 'mesugeret' means 'locked', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'b'nei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'yotse' means 'going out', 've' again means 'and', 'ein' again means 'there is no', 'ba' means 'coming in'.
[JOS.6.2] Yahveh said to Joshua, Look, I have given into your hand Jericho and its king, the mighty warriors of valor. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el Yehoshua Rehe natati beyadkha et Yeriho ve et malchah giborei hechayil.
'Vayomer' means 'and He said', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'Rehe' means 'see' or 'look', 'natati' means 'I have given', 'beyadkha' means 'into your hand', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Yeriho' means 'Jericho', 've' means 'and', the second 'et' again marks a direct object, 'malchah' means 'its king', 'giborei' means 'the mighty warriors', 'hechayil' means 'of valor' or 'of strength'.
[JOS.6.3] And you will surround the city, all the men of war, the one who encircled the city once, as you will do for six days. [§]
ve-saboteem et ha'ir kol anshei ha-milchamah ha-kif et ha'ir pa'am achat ke-ta'aseh sheshet yamim.
've-' means 'and', 'saboteem' means 'you will surround', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'kol' means 'all', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the war', 'ha-kif' means 'the one who encircled', 'pa'am' means 'once', 'achat' means 'one time', 'ke-' means 'as' or 'like', 'ta'aseh' means 'you will do', 'sheshet' means 'six', 'yamim' means 'days'.
[JOS.6.4] And seven priests will lift seven trumpets, the blowing ones, before the Ark; and on the seventh day they will go around the city seven times, and the priests will sound the trumpets. [§]
ve-shiv'ah kohanim yis'u shiv'ah shofrot ha-yovlim lifnei ha-aron uva-yom ha-shevi'i tasovu et-ha'ir sheva pe'amim ve-hakohanim yitke'u ba-shofrot.
've-' means 'and', 'shiv'ah' means 'seven', 'kohanim' means 'priests', 'yis'u' means 'will lift' or 'will bear', 'shofrot' means 'trumpets', 'ha-yovlim' means 'the blowing ones' (i.e., the trumpeters), 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ha-aron' means 'the Ark', 'uva-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-shevi'i' means 'the seventh', 'tasovu' means 'will go around' or 'will circumambulate', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'pe'amim' means 'times', 've-' again means 'and', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'yitke'u' means 'will sound' or 'will blow', 'ba-shofrot' means 'with the trumpets'.
[JOS.6.5] And it shall be, when the horn of the ram is blown, at your hearing the sound of the trumpet, all the people shall shout a great cry, and the wall of the city shall fall beneath it, and the people shall rise, each man before his opponent. [§]
vehayah bimshoch beqeren hayovel beshama'achem et kol hashofar yar'u kol ha'am teru'ah gedolah ve'noflah chomot ha'ir tachteha ve'alu ha'am ish negdo.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'bimshoch' means 'when the blowing', 'beqeren' means 'in the horn', 'hayovel' means 'of the ram', 'beshama'achem' means 'at your hearing', 'et kol' means 'the sound of', 'hashofar' means 'the trumpet', 'yar'u' means 'they shall shout', 'kol ha'am' means 'all the people', 'teru'ah gedolah' means 'a great shout', 've'noflah' means 'and shall fall', 'chomot ha'ir' means 'the wall of the city', 'tachteha' means 'under it', 've'alu ha'am' means 'and the people shall rise', 'ish negdo' means 'each man before his opponent'.
[JOS.6.6] And Joshua son of Nun called to the priests, and he said to them, 'Carry the ark of the covenant, and seven priests shall carry seven poles before the ark of Yahveh.' [§]
Vayikra Yehoshua ben Nun el hakohanim vayomer alehem se'u et aron habrit ve'shiva kohanim yisu shiva shophrot yovlim lifnei aron Yahveh.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'ben Nun' means 'son of Nun', 'el hakohanim' means 'to the priests', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'se'u' means 'carry' (imperative), 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'aron' means 'ark', 'habrit' means 'of the covenant', 've'shiva' means 'and seven', 'kohanim' means 'priests', 'yisu' means 'will carry', 'shiva' means 'seven', 'shophrot' means 'poles' (the carrying poles of the ark), 'yovlim' means 'pulling' or 'carrying', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[JOS.6.7] And they said to the people, Cross over and go around the city, and let the one who goes ahead pass before the ark of Yahveh. [§]
Vayomeru el haam ivru vesovu et ha'ir vehechalutz ya'avor lifnei aron Yahveh.
'Vayomeru' means 'they said', 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'ivru' means 'cross over', 'vesovu' means 'and go around', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'vehechalutz' means 'and the one who goes ahead', 'ya'avor' means 'will pass', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[JOS.6.8] And it happened as Joshua said to the people, and seven priests bearing seven trumpets, the blowing ones, before Yahveh passed, and they sounded the trumpets, and the ark of the covenant of Yahveh went after them. [§]
Vayehi ke'emar Yehoshua el ha'am ve'shiva hakohanim nos'im shiva shofrot hayovlim lifnei Yahveh avru ve'taku ba'shofrot va'aron berit Yahveh holech acharayhem.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'ke'emar' means 'as [he] said', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua' (a personal name), 'el' means 'to', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 've' means 'and', 'shiva' means 'seven', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'nos'im' means 'carrying' or 'bearing', 'shiva' again 'seven', 'shofrot' means 'trumpets', 'hayovlim' means 'the blowing (ones)', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'avru' means 'they passed', 've'taku' means 'and they sounded', 'ba'shofrot' means 'in the trumpets', 'va' means 'and', 'aron' means 'the ark', 'berit' means 'of covenant', 'Yahveh' again the name of God, 'holech' means 'went' or 'went ahead', 'acharayhem' means 'after them'.
[JOS.6.9] And the one who goes before the priests shall sound the trumpets, and the gatherer who goes after the Ark shall go and sound the trumpets. [§]
vehechalutz holekh lifnei hakohanim tok'ev hashshofrot vehamasseg holekh acharei ha'aron halokh vetako'a bashshofrot.
've' means 'and', 'hechalutz' means 'the one who goes ahead' or 'the one who precedes', 'holekh' means 'going' or 'walking', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'tok'ev' means 'he sounds' (from the root to sound a trumpet), 'hashshofrot' means 'the trumpets', 've' means 'and', 'hamasseg' means 'the gatherer' or 'collector', 'holekh' again means 'going', 'acharei' means 'after' or 'behind', 'ha'aron' means 'the Ark', 'halokh' means 'going', 'vetako'a' means 'and he sounds' (another form of sounding), 'bashshofrot' means 'in the trumpets'.
[JOS.6.10] And Joshua commanded the people, saying, 'Do not shout, and do not make your voice heard, and no word shall go out of your mouth until the day I say to you, "Shout," and you shall shout.' [§]
ve'et ha'am tsivah Yehoshua le'emor lo tari'u ve'lo tashmiu et kolkhem ve'lo yetze mippikhem davar ad yom amri aleikhem har'iu va'har'iotem.
've'et' means 'and (the)'; 'ha'am' means 'the people'; 'tsivah' means 'commanded'; 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua; 'le'emor' means 'to say'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'tari'u' means 'you shall shout'; 've'lo' means 'and not'; 'tashmiu' means 'you shall make heard (your voice)'; 'et' is the accusative marker; 'kolkhem' means 'your voice'; 've'lo' again means 'and not'; 'yetze' means 'shall go out'; 'mippikhem' means 'from your mouth'; 'davar' means 'a word' or 'thing'; 'ad' means 'until'; 'yom' means 'day'; 'amri' means 'I say'; 'aleikhem' means 'to you'; 'har'iu' means 'shout!'; 'va'har'iotem' means 'and you shall shout'.
[JOS.6.11] And he turned the Ark of Yahveh toward the city a full circuit once, and they came to the camp and camped in the camp. [§]
Vayassev Aron-Yahveh et-ha'ir haqef pa'am echad vayavo'u ha-machaneh vayalinu ba-machaneh.
'Vayassev' means 'and he turned', 'Aron-Yahveh' means 'the Ark of Yahveh', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'haqef' means 'the round' (i.e., a full circuit), 'pa'am' means 'time' or 'once', 'echad' means 'one', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'ha-machaneh' means 'the camp', 'vayalinu' means 'and they pitched (their tents)', 'ba-machaneh' means 'in the camp'.
[JOS.6.12] And Joshua rose early in the morning, and the priests lifted up the ark of Yahveh. [§]
Vayashkem Yehoshua ba-boker vayisa'u ha-koheanim et-aron Yahveh.
'Vayashkem' means 'and [he] rose', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'vayisa'u' means 'and [they] lifted up' or 'carried', 'ha-koheanim' means 'the priests', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'aron' means 'ark' (the sacred chest), and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[JOS.6.13] And seven the priests bearing seven trumpets the blowers before the ark of Yahveh going, going, and they blow with the trumpets, and the runner going before them, and the collector going behind the ark of Yahveh going, and blows with the trumpets. [§]
veshivah hakohanim nosim shivah shofrot hayovlim lifnei aron Yahveh holekhim halokh ve'taku bashofrot vehechalotz holekh lifneyhem vehamassef holekh acharai aron Yahveh holokh ve'takoa bashofrot.
've' means and, 'shivah' means seven, 'hakohanim' means the priests, 'nosim' means bearing, 'shivah' means seven (again), 'shofrot' means trumpets, 'hayovlim' means the blowers, 'lifnei' means before, 'aron' means ark, 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'holekhim' means going (plural), 'halokh' means going (singular), 've'taku' means and they blow, 'bashofrot' means with the trumpets, 'vehechalotz' means and the runner, 'holekh' means going, 'lifneyhem' means before them, 'vehamassef' means and the collector, 'holekh' means going, 'acharai' means behind, 'aron' means ark, 'Yahveh' means God, 'holokh' means going, 've'takoa' means and blows, 'bashofrot' means with the trumpets.
[JOS.6.14] And they went around the city on the second day once, and they returned to the camp; thus they did for six days. [§]
Vayyasobu et-ha'ir bayom hasheni pa'am ahat vayashuvu hamachaneh koh asu sheshet yamim.
'Vayyasobu' means 'and they went around' (from the root s-b-v, to encircle). 'Et-ha'ir' means 'the city' (et is the accusative marker, ha'ir = the city). 'Bayom' means 'on the day', 'hasheni' means 'the second'. 'Pa'am' means 'time' or 'occasion', 'ahat' means 'one', together 'pa'am ahat' = 'once'. 'Vayashuvu' means 'and they returned' (from shuv, to turn back). 'Hamachaneh' means 'the camp'. 'Koh' means 'thus' or 'in this way'. 'Asu' means 'they did' (from asah, to do). 'Sheshet yamim' means 'six days' (sheshet = six, yamim = days). No divine names appear in this verse, so the special translations for El, Elohim, Adonai, YHVH, Kyrios are not used here.
[JOS.6.15] And it was on the seventh day, and they rose up at the break of dawn, and they went around the city like this judgment seven times; only on that day they went around the city seven times. [§]
vayehi bayom hashvi'i vayashkimu ka'alot hashachar vayassavu et ha'ir kamishpat hazeh sheva pe'amim rak bayom hahu savvu et ha'ir sheva pe'amim.
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hashvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'vayashkimu' means 'and they rose up', 'ka'alot' means 'as the rising', 'hashachar' means 'of dawn', 'vayassavu' means 'and they went around', 'et ha'ir' means 'the city', 'kamishpat' means 'like the judgment', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'sheva pe'amim' means 'seven times', 'rak' means 'only', 'bayom hahu' means 'on that day', 'savvu' means 'they went around again', 'et ha'ir' again means 'the city', and the final 'sheva pe'amim' repeats 'seven times'.
[JOS.6.16] And it happened at the seventh time, the priests sounded the trumpets, and Joshua said to the people, 'Shout, for Yahveh has given you the city.' [§]
Vayehi ba-p'am ha-shev'iit, ta'keu ha-koheinim ba-shofarot, vayomer Yehoshua el-ha-am ha-ri'u ki-natan Yahveh lakhem et ha-ir.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ba-p'am' means 'at the time/occasion', 'ha-shev'iit' means 'the seventh', 'ta'keu' means 'they sounded', 'ha-koheinim' means 'the priests', 'ba-shofarot' means 'with the trumpets', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'el' means 'to', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'ha-ri'u' means 'shout' (imperative), 'ki' means 'because', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-ir' means 'the city'.
[JOS.6.17] And the city shall become a ruin, it shall be, and all that is in it belongs to Yahveh alone. Only Rahab the prostitute shall live, and all that is with her in the house, because she has hidden the angels that we sent. [§]
vehaytah ha'ir cherem hi vechol asher bah laYahveh rak Rahab hazonah ti'chiye hi vechol asher itah babait ki hechbe'ata et hamalachim asher shalachnu.
'vehaytah' means 'and it shall be', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'cherem' means 'a ruin' or 'devoted to destruction', 'hi' means 'it', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'bah' means 'in it', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'rak' means 'only', 'Rahab' is a personal name meaning 'the prostitute', 'hazonah' means 'the prostitute', 'ti'chiye' means 'shall live', 'itah' means 'with her', 'babait' means 'in the house', 'ki' means 'because', 'hechbe'ata' means 'she has hidden', 'et' is the accusative marker (untranslated), 'hamalachim' means 'the angels', 'shalachnu' means 'we sent'. The translation follows these literal meanings while rendering Hebrew idioms into clear English.
[JOS.6.18] And only you keep yourselves from the ban, lest you make it a ban and take from the ban, and you set the camp of Israel as a ban and you will stone it. [§]
ve rak atem shimu min ha-cherem pen taharimu u-lekachet tem min ha-cherem ve-samtem et machane Yisrael le-cherem va-akaritem oto.
've' means 'and', 'rak' means 'only', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'shimu' means 'keep' (imperative plural), 'min' means 'from', 'ha-cherem' means 'the ban' (something devoted to destruction), 'pen' means 'lest', 'taharimu' means 'you make it a ban' or 'you cause it to be devoted to destruction', 'u-lekachet' means 'and you take', 'tem' is the suffix for 'you (plural)', 'min ha-cherem' repeats 'from the ban', 've-samtem' means 'and you set', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'machane' means 'camp', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le-cherem' means 'as a ban', 'va-akaritem' means 'and you will stone', 'oto' means 'it'.
[JOS.6.19] All silver and gold, and vessels of copper and iron, are holy to Yahveh; the treasure of Yahveh shall come. [§]
vechol kesef vezahav ukelei nechoshet uvarzel kodesh hu laYahveh otzar Yahveh yavo.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'vezahav' means 'and gold', 'ukelei' means 'and vessels', 'nechoshet' means 'of copper', 'uvarzel' means 'and iron', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'hu' means 'it is', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'otzar' means 'treasure', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'yavo' means 'shall come'.
[JOS.6.20] The people acted wickedly and they sounded the trumpets, and it was when the people heard the sound of the trumpet that they shouted a great cry; the wall fell at its base, and the people went up the city, a man before him, and they captured the city. [§]
Vayara haam vayitkeu basshofrot vayhi kishmoa haam et kol hashofar vayariu haam teruah gedolah vatipol ha chomah takhteha vayyaal haam haira ish negdo vayilkedu et hair.
'Vayara' means 'and the people acted wickedly' or 'did evil', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayitkeu' means 'and they sounded', 'basshofrot' means 'the trumpets', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'kishmoa' means 'when hearing', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'the sound/voice', 'hashofar' means 'of the trumpet', 'vayariu' means 'they shouted', 'teruah' means 'a great shout/cry', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'vatipol' means 'and the wall fell', 'ha chomah' means 'the wall', 'takhteha' means 'under it' or 'its base', 'vayyaal' means 'and the people went up', 'haira' means 'the city', 'ish' means 'a man', 'negdo' means 'in front of him/against him', 'vayilkedu' means 'they captured', 'et' (object marker), 'hair' means 'the city'.
[JOS.6.21] And they captured all that was in the city, from man to woman, from boy to old man, and also ox, sheep, and donkey, by the sword. [§]
Vayacharimu et kol asher ba ir me ish ve ad isha minaar ve ad zaken ve ad shor u se vahamor lefi chereb.
'Vayacharimu' means 'and they captured', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol asher' means 'all that', 'ba ir' means 'in the city', 'me ish ve ad isha' means 'from man and to woman', 'minaar ve ad zaken' means 'from boy and to old man', 've ad shor' means 'and also ox', 'u se' means 'and sheep', 'vahamor' means 'and donkey', 'lefi chereb' means 'by the sword'.
[JOS.6.22] And to the two men who roll the earth Joshua said, 'Come to the harlot's house and bring out from there the woman and all that is hers, as you swore to her.' [§]
Ve-lishnayim ha-anashim ha-mraggelim et ha-aretz amar Yehoshua bo'u beit ha-isha hazzona ve-hotziu mi-sham et ha-isha ve-et kol asher lah ka'asher nishba'tem lah.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lishnayim' means 'to the two', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'ha-mraggelim' means 'the ones who roll' (from the verb ragal, to roll), 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yehoshua' is the proper name Joshua, 'bo\'u' means 'come', 'beit' means 'house', 'ha-isha' means 'the woman', 'hazzona' means 'the harlot', 've' means 'and', 'hotziu' means 'bring out', 'mi-sham' means 'from there', 'et' again the direct‑object marker, 'ha-isha' again 'the woman', 've-et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lah' means 'to her', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'nishba\'tem' means 'you swore', 'lah' again 'to her'.
[JOS.6.23] And the youths who were scattering came and drove out Rahab and her father and her mother and her brother and all that was hers and all her families; they drove them out and placed them outside the camp of Israel. [§]
vayyavohu ha-ne'arim ha-mraggelim vayotsi'u et-Rachav ve'et-avah ve'et-ima ve'et-acheha ve'et-kol-asher-la ve'et-kol-mishpachoteiha hotsi'u vayannihe'um michutz lemachaneh Yisrael
'vayyavohu' means 'and they came', 'ha-ne'arim' means 'the youths', 'ha-mraggelim' means 'who were rolling' (or 'who were scattering'), 'vayotsi'u' means 'and they drove out', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Rachav' is a proper name, 've'et-avah' means 'and her father', 've'et-ima' means 'and her mother', 've'et-acheha' means 'and her brother', 've'et-kol-asher-la' means 'and all that belonged to her', 've'et-kol-mishpachoteiha' means 'and all her families', 'hotsi'u' means 'they drove out', 'vayannihe'um' means 'and they placed them', 'michutz' means 'outside', 'lemachaneh' means 'the camp of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.6.24] And the city they burned with fire, and all that was in it; only the silver, the gold, the bronze vessels and the iron they gave as treasure for the house of Yahveh. [§]
vehair sarpu baesh vechol asher bah rak hakesef vehazahav uklei hanekhoshet vehabarzel natenu otzar beit yahveh.
'vehair' means 'and the city', 'sarpu' means 'they burned', 'baesh' means 'with fire', 'vechol asher bah' means 'and all that was in it', 'rak' means 'only', 'hakesef' means 'the silver', 'vehazahav' means 'the gold', 'uklei hanekhoshet' means 'the bronze vessels', 'vehabarzel' means 'the iron', 'natenu' means 'they gave', 'otzar' means 'treasure', 'beit yahveh' means 'the house of Yahveh'.
[JOS.6.25] And Rachav the prostitute, and the house of her father, and all that was hers, Joshua revived her; and she dwelt among Israel until this day because she concealed the angels that Joshua sent to spy out Jericho. [§]
ve'et Rachav ha-zona ve'et beit avihah ve'et kol asher lah hecheya Yehoshua va'teshav be-kerev Yisrael ad hayom hazeh ki hechobia et ha-mal'achim asher shalach Yehoshua le-ragel et Yericho.
've'et' means 'and the', 'Rachav' is a personal name meaning 'broad', 'ha-zona' means 'the prostitute', 'beit avihah' means 'the house of her father', 'kol asher lah' means 'all that was hers', 'hecheya' means 'revived', 'Yehoshua' is a personal name containing the divine name YHWH which translates as 'Yahveh', so the name means 'Yahveh is salvation', 'va'teshav' means 'and she dwelt', 'be-kerev' means 'among', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ad hayom hazeh' means 'until this day', 'ki' means 'because', 'hechobia' means 'she concealed', 'ha-mal'achim' means 'the angels', 'asher' means 'that', 'shalach' means 'sent', 'le-ragel' means 'to spy out', 'Yericho' is the city Jericho.
[JOS.6.26] And Joshua swore at that time, saying, Cursed is the man before Yahveh who shall arise and build this city, Jericho; with his firstborn he shall establish it, and with his youngest he shall set its doors. [§]
Vayashba Joshua ba'et hahi le'emor arur ha'ish lifnei Yahveh asher yakum uvanah et-ha'ir hazot et-Yeriho bivchoro yeyasdenah uvitze'iro yatziv delateha.
'Vayashba' means 'and he swore', 'Joshua' is the proper name of the leader, 'ba'et hahi' means 'at that time', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'arur' means 'cursed', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' translates the divine name YHVH as instructed, 'asher' means 'who', 'yakum' means 'shall arise', 'uvanah' means 'and will build', 'et-ha'ir' means 'the city', 'hazot' means 'this', 'et-Yeriho' means 'Jericho', 'bivchoro' means 'by his firstborn', 'yeyasdenah' means 'he shall establish it', 'uvitze'iro' means 'and by his youngest', 'yatziv' means 'he shall set up' (a guard), 'delateha' means 'its doors'.
[JOS.6.27] And Yahveh was with Joshua, and his hearing was throughout the whole land. [§]
vayehi Yahveh et Yehoshua vayehi shamo b'khol haaretz.
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'et' is an object marker usually left untranslated, 'Yehoshua' means Joshua, the appointed leader, 'vayehi' again means 'and it was', 'shamo' means 'his hearing', 'b'khol' means 'throughout' or 'in all', 'haaretz' means 'the land'.
JOS.7
[JOS.7.1] And the children of Israel went up to the high place of the cherem, and Akhan son of Karmiy son of Zavdi son of Zerah took it for the tribe of Judah from the cherem, and Yahveh was angry with the children of Israel. [§]
vayyim'alu b'nei Yisrael ma'al bacherem vayikach Akhan ben Karmiy ben Zavdi ben Zerah le-matteh Yehudah min ha-cherem vayichar af Yahveh bi-b'nei Yisrael.
'vayyim'alu' means 'and they went up', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'ma'al' means 'higher/above' (here 'to the high place'), 'bacherem' means 'in the cherem' (a devoted thing or ban), 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Akhan' is a personal name, 'ben Karmiy' means 'son of Karmiy', 'ben Zavdi' means 'son of Zavdi', 'ben Zerah' means 'son of Zerah', 'le-matteh Yehudah' means 'for the tribe of Judah', 'min ha-cherem' means 'from the cherem', 'vayichar af' means 'and the anger of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'bi-b'nei Yisrael' means 'among the children of Israel'.
[JOS.7.2] And Joshua sent men from Jericho the valley that was with the house of Aven from before the house of God, and he said to them, saying, 'Go up and seize the land'; and the men went up and seized the valley. [§]
Vayishlach Yehoshua anashim miYiricho ha'ai asher im-Bet Aven miqedem lebeit-El vayomer aleihem lemor alu ve'raggel et-ha'aretz vayalu ha'anashim ve'raggelu et-ha'ai.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'anashim' means 'men', 'miYiricho' means 'from Jericho', 'ha'ai' means 'the valley', 'asher' means 'that', 'im' means 'with', 'Bet Aven' means 'the house of Aven', 'miqedem' means 'from before', 'lebeit-El' means 'to the house of God', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'alu' means 'go up', 've'raggel' means 'and seize', 'et-ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'vayalu' means 'they went up', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 've'raggelu' means 'and they seized', 'et-ha'ai' means 'the valley'.
[JOS.7.3] And they returned to Joshua and said to him, "Let not all the people go up, even two hundred men, or even three thousand men; they will go up and strike the camp. Do not go there at all, because they are few." [§]
Vayashuvu el-Yehoshua vayomeru elav al-ya'al kol-ha'am ke'alpayim ish o keshloshet alafim ish ya'alu veyaku et-ha'ei al-tayagga' shamah et-kol-ha'am ki me'at hemmah.
'Vayashuvu' means 'they returned', 'el-Yehoshua' means 'to Joshua', 'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'al-ya'al' means 'let not go up', 'kol-ha'am' means 'all the people', 'ke'alpayim' means 'as two hundred', 'ish' means 'men', 'o' means 'or', 'keshloshet' means 'as three thousand', 'alafim' means 'men', 'ya'alu' means 'they will go up', 'veyaku' means 'and strike', 'et-ha'ei' is the object marker for the target (the camp), 'al-tayagga'' means 'to attack there', 'shamah' means 'there', 'et-kol-ha'am' means 'all the people', 'ki' means 'because', 'me'at' means 'few', 'hemmmah' means 'they are'.
[JOS.7.4] And they went up from the people there as three thousand men, and they fled before the men of the people. [§]
vaya'alu min ha'am shamma ki shloshet alafim ish vayinuosu lifnei anshei ha'am.
'vaya'alu' means 'and they went up', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'shamma' means 'there', 'ki' means 'as' or 'about', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'alafim' means 'thousands', 'ish' means 'man' (used here as 'men'), 'vayinuosu' means 'and they fled', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'ha'am' means 'the people'.
[JOS.7.5] And they struck from them the men of the city, thirty and six men, and they pursued them before the gate to the breaking places; and they struck them in the mortar, causing the heart of the people to be broken, and it became water. [§]
Vayakku mehem anshei ha'ay kishloshim ve'shisha ish vayyirdefum lifnei hashahar ad-heshvarim vayakku bamorad vayimmas levav ha'am vayahi lemayim.
'Vayakku' means 'and they struck', 'mehem' means 'from them', 'anshei' means 'the men of', 'ha'ay' means 'the city', 'kishloshim' means 'thirty', 've'shisha' means 'and six', 'ish' means 'men', 'vayyirdefum' means 'and they pursued them', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'hashahar' means 'the gate', 'ad-heshvarim' means 'to the breaking places', 'vayakku' means 'and they struck', 'bamorad' means 'in the mortar', 'vayimmas' means 'and they broke/caused to be broken', 'levav' means 'the heart', 'ha'am' means 'of the people', 'vayahi' means 'and it became', 'lemayim' means 'water'.
[JOS.7.6] And Joshua tore his garments, and fell on his face to the ground before the Ark of Yahveh until evening, himself and the elders of Israel, and they lifted dust upon their heads. [§]
vayikra' Yehoshua shimlotav vayipol al panav aratzah lifnei Aron Yahveh ad ha'erev huwa veziknei Yisrael vayaa'alu afar al rosham.
'vayikra'' means 'and he tore', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'shimlotav' means 'his garments', 'vayipol' means 'and fell', 'al panav' means 'on his face', 'aratzah' means 'to the ground', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Aron' means 'Ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ad ha'erev' means 'until evening', 'huwa' means 'himself', 'veziknei' means 'and the elders', 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'vayaa'alu' means 'and they lifted up', 'afar' means 'dust', 'al rosham' means 'upon their heads'.
[JOS.7.7] And Joshua said, Ah! My Lord Yahveh, why have you caused the crossing? You have caused this people to cross the Jordan to give us into the hand of the Amorite to destroy us, and if we had not, we would have dwelt beyond the Jordan. [§]
vayomer Yehoshua ahah Adonai Yahveh lama heevarta ha'avir et ha'am hazzeh et hayarden latet otanu be'yad ha'emori le'havideinu velu ho'alnu vaneshev be'ever hayarden.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'ahah' is an interjection meaning 'ah' or 'indeed', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'lama' means 'why', 'heevarta' means 'you caused to cross', 'ha'avir' means 'the crossing', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'hazzeh' means 'this', 'et' again is the direct‑object marker, 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'latet' means 'to give', 'otanu' means 'us', 'be'yad' means 'into the hand of', 'ha'emori' means 'the Amorite', 'le'havideinu' means 'to destroy us', 'velu' means 'and if', 'ho'alnu' means 'we had not', 'vaneshev' means 'we would have dwelt', 'be'ever' means 'beyond', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan'.
[JOS.7.8] My Lord, what shall I say after He turned Israel into a reproach before his enemies? [§]
Bi Adonai ma omer acharei asher hafakh Yisrael oreph lifnei oyveav.
'Bi' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'ma' means 'what', 'omer' means 'shall I say', 'acharei' means 'after', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hafakh' means 'He turned/made', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'oreph' means 'a reproach' or 'a disgrace', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'oyveav' means 'his enemies'.
[JOS.7.9] And the Canaanites and all the inhabitants of the land will hear, and they will turn against us and cut off our name from the earth, and what will you do for your great name. [§]
Ve yishmeu ha kenaani ve chol yosheve ha aretz ve nasabu aleinu ve hichrisu et shmeinu min ha aretz u mah taase le shimcha ha gadol.
'Ve' means 'and', 'yishmeu' means 'they will hear', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'kenaani' means 'Canaanite', 've' again 'and', 'chol' means 'all', 'yosheve' means 'inhabitants', 'ha' again 'the', 'aretz' means 'land', 've' 'and', 'nasabu' means 'they will turn against', 'aleinu' means 'us', 've' 'and', 'hichrisu' means 'they will cut off', 'et' is a direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'shmeinu' means 'our name', 'min' means 'from', 'ha' 'the', 'aretz' 'earth', 'u' means 'and', 'mah' means 'what', 'taase' means 'will you do', 'le' is a preposition meaning 'for', 'shimcha' means 'your name', 'ha' 'the', 'gadol' means 'great'.
[JOS.7.10] And Yahveh said to Joshua, arise, why are you falling on your face. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Yehoshua kum lekha lamah zeh attah nofel al panekha.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'el-Yehoshua' means 'to Joshua', 'kum' means 'arise', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'lamah' means 'why', 'zeh' means 'this', 'attah' means 'you', 'nofel' means 'falling', 'al' means 'on', 'panekha' means 'your face'. The idiom 'fall on your face' is used to convey the idea of collapsing or being humbled.
[JOS.7.11] Israel has sinned, and also they have broken my covenant which I commanded them, and also they have taken from the devoted thing, and also they have stolen, and also they have lied, and also they have placed them in their vessels. [§]
Chata Yisrael ve-gam avru et-briti asher tziviti otam ve-gam laqchu min-hacherem ve-gam ganvu ve-gam kihshu ve-gam samu bi-khleihem.
'Chata' means 'has sinned', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'avru' means 'they have crossed' or 'broken', 'et-briti' means 'my covenant' (the direct object marker 'et' is not rendered in English), 'asher' means 'which', 'tziviti' means 'I commanded', 'otam' means 'them', 'laqchu' means 'they have taken', 'min-hacherem' means 'from the devoted thing (cherem)', 'ganvu' means 'they have stolen', 'kihshu' means 'they have lied', 'samu' means 'they have placed', 'bi-khleihem' means 'in their vessels' or 'containers'.
[JOS.7.12] And the children of Israel will not be able to arise before their enemies; they will turn away utterly before their enemies, because they were under the ban. I will not add to be with you if you do not eradicate the ban from among you. [§]
ve'lo yuchlu b'nei Yisrael laqum lifnei oyvehem oref yifnu lifnei oyvehem ki hayu lecherem lo osif lihyot immakhem im-lo tashmidu hacherem mikirvechem.
've'lo' means 'and not', 'yuchlu' means 'they will be able', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'laqum' means 'to arise' or 'to stand up', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'oyvehem' means 'their enemies', 'oref' is an idiom meaning 'completely' or 'utterly', 'yifnu' means 'they will turn', 'ki' means 'because', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'lecherem' means 'under the ban' (cherem being a devoted destruction or prohibition), 'lo osif' means 'I will not add', 'lihyot' means 'to be', 'immakhem' means 'with you', 'im-lo' means 'if not', 'tashmidu' means 'you eradicate' or 'you destroy', 'hacherem' means 'the ban', 'mikirvechem' means 'from among you'. The translation renders idioms like 'oref' as 'utterly' for readability, and 'cherem' as 'the ban' to convey its legal/religious sense.
[JOS.7.13] Stand, sanctify the people and say, Be sanctified tomorrow, for thus says Yahveh the Gods of Israel: a ban in your midst, Israel; you will not be able to rise before your enemies until you remove the ban from your midst. [§]
Kum kadesh et haam veamarta hitkadshu lemachar ki ko amar Yahveh Elohei Yisrael cherem beqirvecha Yisrael lo tukhal lakum lifnei oyevecha ad hasirchem ha cherem miqirvechem.
'Kum' means 'stand up', 'kadesh' means 'sanctify', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haam' means 'the people', 'veamarta' means 'and you shall say', 'hitkadshu' means 'be sanctified', 'lemachar' means 'tomorrow', 'ki' means 'for', 'ko' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods' (plural form of Elohim), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'cherem' means 'a ban' or 'excommunication', 'beqirvecha' means 'in your midst', the second 'Yisrael' repeats 'Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'tukhal' means 'you can', 'lakum' means 'to rise', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'oyevecha' means 'your enemies', 'ad' means 'until', 'hasirchem' means 'you remove', 'ha cherem' means 'the ban', 'miqirvechem' means 'from your midst'.
[JOS.7.14] And you shall draw near in the morning to your tribes; and it shall be that the tribe which Yahveh will seize will draw near to the families, and the family which Yahveh will seize will draw near to the houses, and the house which Yahveh will seize will draw near to the men. [§]
ve-nikravtem ba-boker le-shivteichem ve-hayah ha-shevet asher-yilkedenno Yahveh yikrav la-mishpachot ve-hamishpacha asher-yilkedenah Yahveh tiqrav la-batim ve-habayit asher yilkedenno Yahveh yikrav la-geverim.
ve-nikravtem means 'and you shall draw near', ba-boker means 'in the morning', le-shivteichem means 'to your tribes', ve-hayah means 'and it shall be', ha-shevet means 'the tribe', asher-yilkedenno means 'that Yahveh will seize', Yahveh is the literal translation of YHVH, yikrav means 'will draw near', la-mishpachot means 'to the families', ve-hamishpacha means 'and the family', asher-yilkedenah means 'that Yahveh will seize', tiqrav means 'will draw near', la-batim means 'to the houses', ve-habayit means 'and the house', asher yilkedenno means 'that Yahveh will seize', yikrav means 'will draw near', la-geverim means 'to the men'.
[JOS.7.15] And it shall be that the captive in the ban shall be burned with fire, him and all that is his, because he has broken the covenant of Yahveh and has done rebellion in Israel. [§]
Ve-hayah ha-nilkad ba-cherem yissaref ba-esh oto ve-et kol asher lo ki avar et berit Yahveh ve-ki asah nevalah be-Yisrael.
'Ve' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'it shall be', 'ha-nilkad' means 'the captive', 'ba-cherem' means 'in the ban', 'yissaref' means 'shall burn', 'ba-esh' means 'with fire', 'oto' means 'him', 've-et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lo' means 'is his', 'ki' means 'because', 'avar' means 'he passed' or 'he violated', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'berit' means 'covenant', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 've-ki' means 'and that', 'asah' means 'he did', 'nevalah' means 'rebellion' or 'transgression', 'be-Yisrael' means 'in Israel'.
[JOS.7.16] And Joshua rose early in the morning and gathered Israel to his clans and seized the tribe of Judah. [§]
Va-yashkem Yehoshua ba-boker va-yakrev et-Israel li-shvotav va-yilked shevet Yehudah.
'Va' means 'and', 'yashkem' means 'rose early', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'va-yakrev' means 'and gathered', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Israel' means 'Israel', 'li-shvotav' means 'to his clans', 'va-yilked' means 'and seized', 'shevet Yehudah' means 'the tribe of Judah'.
[JOS.7.17] And he brought near the household of Judah, and he seized the household of the Zarchi, and he brought near the household of the Zarchi to the men, and he seized Zavdi. [§]
Vayikrev et mishpachat Yehudah vayilkod et mishpachat hazarchi vayikrev et mishpachat hazarchi lagvarim vayilaked Zavdi.
'Vayikrev' means 'and he brought near' or 'drew near', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'mishpachat' means 'household' or 'family', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'vayilkod' means 'and he seized' or 'took', 'hazarchi' means 'the Zarchi' (a family name), 'lagvarim' means 'to the men' or 'before the officials', 'vayilaked' means 'and he seized' or 'captured', 'Zavdi' is a personal name.
[JOS.7.18] And he brought his house near the men, and he captured Achan son of Carmi son of Zavdi son of Zerah of the clan of Judah. [§]
Vayikrev et-beto lagvarim vayilaked Achan ben-Carmi ben-Zavdi ben-Zerah le-matate Yehudah.
'Vayikrev' means 'and he brought near', 'et-beto' means 'his house', 'lagvarim' means 'to the men', 'vayilaked' means 'and he captured', 'Achan' is a personal name, 'ben-Carmi' means 'son of Carmi', 'ben-Zavdi' means 'son of Zavdi', 'ben-Zerah' means 'son of Zerah', 'le-matate' means 'of the clan', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah'.
[JOS.7.19] And said Joshua to Achan his son, Set now glory to Yahveh the Gods of Israel and give him thanks and tell me what you have done, do not accuse me. [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua el-Achan beni shiyem na kavod laYahveh Elohei Yisrael ve-ten lo toda ve-hagged na li mah asita al-tekhached mimeni.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'el-Achan' means 'to Achan', 'beni' means 'his son', 'shiyem' means 'set', 'na' means 'now', 'kavod' means 'glory', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'Elohei' means 'the Gods' (Elohim rendered as the Gods), 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 've-ten' means 'and give', 'lo' means 'to him', 'toda' means 'thanks', 've-hagged' means 'and tell', 'na' means 'me', 'li' means 'to me', 'mah' means 'what', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'al-tekhached' means 'do not accuse', 'mimeni' means 'from me'.
[JOS.7.20] And Achan answered Joshua and said, Truly, I have sinned against Yahveh God of Israel, and this and that I have done. [§]
Vaya'an Achan et-Yehoshua vayomer Amenah anochi chatati laYahveh Elohei Yisrael ve-kazot ve-kazot asiti.
'Vaya'an' means 'and answered', 'Achan' is a proper name, 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Amenah' means 'truly' or 'indeed', 'anochi' means 'I', 'chatati' means 'have sinned', 'laYahveh' means 'against Yahveh', 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-kazot' means 'and this', the second 've-kazot' means 'and that', and 'asiti' means 'I have done'.
[JOS.7.21] And I saw in the waste a treasure of one good, and two hundred shekels of silver and a tongue of gold, one fifty shekels its weight; and I cherished them and I took them, and they were scattered in the earth within the tent, and the silver was under it. [§]
va'ereh bashalal aderet shinar achat tovah u'matayim shekalim kesef u'leshon zahav echad chamishim shekalim mishkalo ve'echmedi'm ve'kacham vehinam temunim ba'aretz betoch haholi ve'hakesef takhteha.
'va'ereh' means 'and I saw', 'bashalal' means 'in the waste', 'aderet' means 'a treasure', 'shinar' means 'of sinar (a type of object)', 'achat' means 'one', 'tovah' means 'good', 'u'matayim' means 'and two hundred', 'shekalim' means 'shekels', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'u'leshon' means 'and a tongue', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'echad' means 'one', 'chamishim' means 'fifty', 'shekalim' means 'shekels', 'mishkalo' means 'its weight', 've'echmedi'm' means 'and I cherished them', 've'kacham' means 'and I took them', 'vehinam' means 'and lo', 'temunim' means 'are scattered', 'ba'aretz' means 'in the earth', 'betoch' means 'within', 'haholi' means 'the tent', 've'hakesef' means 'and the silver', 'takhteha' means 'under it'.
[JOS.7.22] And Joshua sent messengers and they ran to the tent, and behold a heap in his tent and the silver under it. [§]
Vayishlach Yehoshua malachim vayyarutsu haohela vehineh temunah beaholo vehakkesef tachteha.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'malachim' means 'messengers' or 'angels', 'vayarutsu' means 'and they ran', 'haohela' means 'the tent', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'temunah' means 'a heap' or 'a pile', 'beaholo' means 'in his tent', 've' is a conjunction 'and', 'hakkesef' means 'the silver', 'tachteha' means 'under it'.
[JOS.7.23] and they took them from the tent and brought them to Joshua and to all the children of Israel and set them before Yahveh. [§]
Vayikachum mitokh ha-ohel vayevium el Yehoshua ve'el kol b'nei Yisrael vayatzikuhem lifnei Yahveh.
'Vayikachum' means 'and they took them', 'mitokh' means 'from within', 'ha-ohel' means 'the tent', 'vayevium' means 'and they brought them', 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 've'el' means 'and to', 'kol' means 'all', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' is the proper name Israel, 'vayatzikuhem' means 'and they set them up', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH.
[JOS.7.24] And Joshua took Achan son of Zerah and the silver and the ornaments and the gold tongue and his sons and his daughters and his ox and his donkey and his flock and his servants and all that was his, and all Israel with him, and they went up to the Valley of Achor. [§]
Vayikach Yehoshua et Achan ben Zerah ve et hakesef ve et haaderet ve et leshon hazahav ve et banav ve et benotav ve et shoro ve et chamoro ve et tzoono ve et aholo ve et kol asher lo ve kol Yisrael immo vayalu otam emek Achor.
'Vayikach' means 'and took', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'et' is a direct‑object marker and is not translated, 'Achan' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Zerah' is a personal name, 've' means 'and', 'hakesef' means 'the silver', 'haaderet' means 'the ornaments' or 'the decoration', 'leshon hazahav' means 'the gold tongue' (a gold ornament), 'banav' means 'his sons', 'benotav' means 'his daughters', 'shoro' means 'his ox', 'chamoro' means 'his donkey', 'tzoono' means 'his flock', 'aholo' means 'his servants', 'kol asher lo' means 'all that was his', 'kol Yisrael immo' means 'all Israel with him', 'vayalu' means 'and they went up', 'otam' means 'them', 'emek Achor' means 'the valley of Achor'.
[JOS.7.25] And Joshua said, \"What have you disgraced us? May Yahveh disgrace you on this day.\" And all Israel struck him with a stone, burned them with fire, and crushed them with stones. [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua: \"Meh akhartanu? Ya'achrekha Yahveh ba-yom hazeh\" vayirgemu oto kol-Yisrael even vayisrefu otam ba-esh vayisk'lu otam ba-avanim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'Meh' means 'what', 'akhartanu' means 'you have disgraced us', 'Ya'achrekha' means 'may Yahveh disgrace you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vayirgemu' means 'and they struck', 'oto' means 'him/it', 'kol-Yisrael' means 'all Israel', 'even' means 'stone', 'vayisrefu' means 'and they burned', 'otam' means 'them', 'ba-esh' means 'with fire', 'vayisk'lu' means 'and they crushed', 'ba-avanim' means 'with stones'.
[JOS.7.26] They set up a great heap of stones over him until this day, and Yahveh turned away from the heat of his anger; therefore he called the name of that place the Valley of Trouble until this day. [§]
vayakimu alav gal avanim gadol ad hayom hazeh vayashav Yahveh mecharon apo al ken kara shem hamakom hahu emek akhor ad hayom hazeh.
'vayakimu' means 'they set up', 'alav' means 'over him', 'gal' means 'heap', 'avanim' means 'stones', 'gadol' means 'great', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vayashav' means 'and turned away', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'mecharon' means 'from the heat', 'apo' means 'of his anger', 'al ken' means 'therefore', 'kara' means 'he called', 'shem' means 'the name', 'hamakom' means 'the place', 'hahu' means 'that', 'emek' means 'valley', 'akhor' means 'trouble', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
JOS.8
[JOS.8.1] And Yahveh said to Joshua, Do not be afraid nor be dismayed; take with you all the people of war and arise, go up to Ai, see, I have placed in your hand the king of Ai and his people and his city and his land. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Yehoshua al-tira ve'al-techat kach imkha et kol-am hamilchamah vequm aleh ha-Ai re-eh natati beyadakha et-melekh ha-Ai ve-et-ammo ve-et-iro ve-et-artzo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'el-Yehoshua' means 'to Joshua', 'al-tira' means 'do not be afraid', 've'al-techat' means 'nor be dismayed', 'kach' means 'take', 'imkha' means 'with you', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol-am hamilchamah' means 'all the people of war', 'vequm' means 'and arise', 'aleh ha-Ai' means 'go up to Ai', 're-eh' means 'see', 'natati' means 'I have placed', 'beyada k ha' means 'in your hand', 'et-melekh ha-Ai' means 'the king of Ai', 've-et-ammo' means 'and his people', 've-et-iro' means 'and his city', 've-et-artzo' means 'and his land'.
[JOS.8.2] And you will do to the city and its king as you did to Jerusalem and its king—only its spoil, and its cattle you will take as plunder for yourselves; set for yourself a raven for the city behind it. [§]
ve'asita la'ay ulemalkah ka'asher asita li-yericho ulemalkah rak-shelalah uvehemtah tavazu lakhem sim-lekha oreb la'ir me'achareha.
've'asita' means 'and you will do', 'la'ay' means 'to the city', 'ulemalkah' means 'and to its king', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'asita' means 'you did', 'li-yericho' means 'to Jerusalem', 'ulemalkah' again 'and to its king', 'rak-shelalah' means 'only its spoil', 'uvehemtah' means 'and its cattle', 'tavazu' means 'you will take as plunder for yourselves', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'sim-lekha' means 'set for yourself', 'oreb' means 'a raven', 'la'ir' means 'to the city', 'me'achareha' means 'behind it'.
[JOS.8.3] And Joshua rose and all the people of war went up the height, and Joshua chose thirty thousand men, the mighty ones of valor, and he sent them by night. [§]
Vayakam Yehoshua vechol-am hammilchamah la'alot ha'ayin vayivchar Yehoshua shloshim elef ish giborei hachayil vayishlacham laylah.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'vechol-am' means 'and all the people', 'hammilchamah' means 'of war', 'la'alot' means 'to go up', 'ha'ayin' means 'the (mountain) height', 'vayivchar' means 'and he chose', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'ish' means 'man', 'giborei' means 'mighty ones', 'hachayil' means 'of valor', 'vayishlacham' means 'and he sent them', 'laylah' means 'by night'.
[JOS.8.4] And he commanded them, saying, 'See, you are hunters for the city from behind the city; do not go far away from the city, and you all shall be settled.' [§]
Vayetza otam le'emor re'u atem arvim la'ir me'acharei ha'ir al-tarchiku min ha'ir me'od viheyitem kull'chem nekhonim.
'Vayetza' means 'and he commanded', 'otam' means 'them', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 're'u' means 'see', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'arvim' means 'hunters', 'la'ir' means 'to the city', 'me'acharei' means 'from behind', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'al-tarchiku' means 'do not go far away', 'min' means 'from', 'me'od' means 'very much/ greatly', 'viheyitem' means 'and you shall be', 'kull'chem' means 'all of you', 'nekhonim' means 'upright/ settled'.
[JOS.8.5] And I and all the people who are with me will draw near to the city, and it will be that they will go out to meet us as before, and we will turn before them. [§]
vaani vekhol haam asher itti nikrav el hair vehayah ki yetzu likraatenu kaasher barishona venusnu lipnehem.
'vaani' means 'and I', 'vekhol' means 'and all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'itti' means 'with me', 'nikrav' means 'will draw near' or 'approach', 'el' means 'to', 'hair' means 'the city', 'vehayah' means 'and it will be', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'yetzu' means 'they will go out', 'likraatenu' means 'to meet us', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'barishona' means 'the first' or 'previously', 'venusnu' means 'we will turn' or 'we will present ourselves', 'lipnehem' means 'before them'.
[JOS.8.6] And they will go out after us to the correction of them from the city, because they will say, 'We flee before us as in the beginning, and we fled before them.' [§]
ve-yatze’u acharenu ad ha-tikkeinu otam min ha-ir ki yo’amru nasim le-fanenu ka-asher ba-rishona ve-nasnu li-fneihem.
've-yatze’u' means 'and they will go out', 'acharenu' means 'after us', 'ad' means 'to' or 'until', 'ha-tikkeinu' means 'the correction' (from the verb tikku meaning 'to correct'), 'otam' means 'them', 'min ha-ir' means 'from the city', 'ki' means 'because', 'yo’amru' means 'they will say', 'nasim' means 'they flee', 'le-fanenu' means 'before us', 'ka-asher' means 'as', 'ba-rishona' means 'in the beginning', 've-nasnu' means 'and we fled', 'li-fneihem' means 'before them'.
[JOS.8.7] And you will arise from the plague and inherit the city, and Yahveh your God will give it into your hands. [§]
Ve'atem takumu meha'orev vehorashatem et ha'ir unetaneh Yahveh Eloheichem be yedkhem.
'Ve'atem' means 'and you (plural)'; 'takumu' means 'will arise' or 'will get up'; 'meha'orev' means 'from the plague' (literally 'from the pestilence'); 'vehorashatem' means 'and you will inherit' or 'you shall inherit'; 'et' is the accusative particle marking the direct object; 'ha'ir' means 'the city'; 'unetaneh' means 'and it will be given'; 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH; 'Eloheichem' means 'your God' (literally 'God of you'); 'be yedkhem' means 'into your hand(s)'.
[JOS.8.8] And it shall be, as you seize the city, you shall set the city on fire, as the word of Yahveh you do; see, I have commanded you. [§]
vehayah ketafs'khem et ha'ir tatzitu et ha'ir ba'esh kid'var Yahveh ta'asu re'u tziviti etchem.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ketafs'khem' means 'as you seize' (from the root *kaphas* 'to grasp'), 'et ha'ir' means 'the city' (object marker et plus ha'ir), 'tatzitu' means 'you shall set fire', 'ba'esh' means 'with fire' or 'in fire', 'kid'var' means 'according to the word', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ta'asu' means 'you shall do', 're'u' means 'see', 'tziviti' means 'I have commanded', 'etchem' means 'you' (object form).
[JOS.8.9] And Joshua sent them, and they went to the valley, and they lodged between the house of God and between the place called Ha'ai from the sea to the place called La'ai; and Joshua spent that night among the people. [§]
vayishlachem Yehoshua vayelchu el-hama'arav vayeshvu bein beit-El uvein ha'ai miyam la'ai vayalen Yehoshua balaila hahu betoch ha'am.
'vayishlachem' means 'and sent them', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'vayelchu' means 'and they went', 'el-hama'arav' means 'to the valley', 'vayeshvu' means 'and they sat/lodged', 'bein' means 'between', 'beit-El' means 'house of God' (El = God), 'uvein' means 'and between', 'ha'ai' is a place name meaning 'the (something) of', 'miyam' means 'from the sea', 'la'ai' is another place name meaning 'to the (something)', 'vayalen' means 'and he spent the night', 'balaila' means 'the night', 'hahu' means 'that', 'betoch' means 'among/within', 'ha'am' means 'the people'.
[JOS.8.10] Yahveh saves rose early in the morning and ordered the people, and he and the elders of Israel went before the people. [§]
Vayashkem Yehoshua ba-boker vayipkod et ha'am vayya'al hu ve ziknei Yisrael lifnei ha'am ha'ay.
'Vayashkem' means 'and he rose early', 'Yehoshua' means 'Yahveh saves', 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'vayipkod' means 'and he ordered', 'et ha'am' means 'the people', 'vayya'al' means 'and he went up', 'hu' means 'he', 've ziknei Yisrael' means 'and the elders of Israel', 'lifnei ha'am' means 'before the people', 'ha'ay' means 'the congregation' or 'the people'.
[JOS.8.11] And all the fighting men that were with him went up, approached, and came opposite the city; they camped to the north of Ai, and the Gai was between them and Ai. [§]
Vechol ha'am hamilchamah asher ito aloo vayigshu vayavo'u neged ha'ir vayachanu mitspon la'ay vehag-gai beinav uvein ha'ai.
'Ve' means 'and'; 'chol' means 'all'; 'ha'am' means 'the people'; 'ha-milchamah' means 'the warlike' or 'the fighting'; 'asher' means 'that'; 'ito' means 'with him'; 'alu' means 'went up'; 'vayigshu' means 'and they approached'; 'vayavo\'u' means 'and they came'; 'neged' means 'opposite' or 'against'; 'ha'ir' means 'the city'; 'vayachanu' means 'and they camped'; 'mi-tsfon' means 'to the north'; 'la'ay' means 'of Ai' (the city of Ai); 've' means 'and'; 'hag-gai' is a place name 'the Gai'; 'beinav' means 'between them'; 'uvein' means 'and between'; 'ha'ai' means 'the Ai'.
[JOS.8.12] He took five hundred thousand men and placed them at Orev between the house of God and the place Ay from the sea to the city. [§]
Vayikach kachameshet alafim ish vayasem otam Orev bein Bet-El uvein haAy miyam lair.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'kachameshet' means 'five hundred', 'alafim' means 'thousands', 'ish' means 'men', 'vayasem' means 'and he placed', 'otam' means 'them', 'Orev' is a proper place name (a desert or rocky region), 'bein' means 'between', 'Bet-El' means 'house of God' (where 'El' = God), 'uvein' means 'and between', 'haAy' is a proper place name (the specific location referred to as 'Ay'), 'miyam' means 'from the sea', and 'lair' means 'to the city'.
[JOS.8.13] And the people placed the whole camp that was north of the city, and its rear from the sea to the city, and Joshua went that night within the valley. [§]
Vayassimu haam et-kol hamachane asher mitzfon lair ve-et-akevo miyam lair vayelech Yehoshua balayla hahu betoch haemek.
'Vayassimu' means 'and they set/placed', 'haam' means 'the people', 'et-kol' means 'all/of the', 'hamachane' means 'the camp', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'mitzfon' means 'was north (lit. from the north)', 'lair' means 'to the city', 've-et-akevo' means 'and its rear/back', 'miyam' means 'from the sea', 'lair' again 'to the city', 'vayelech' means 'and (he) went', 'Yehoshua' is the name 'Joshua', 'balayla' means 'that night', 'hahu' means 'that', 'betoch' means 'within', 'haemek' means 'the valley'.
[JOS.8.14] It happened that when the king of Ai saw, he hurried and rose up, and the men of the city went out to meet Israel for battle; he and all his people went to the appointed place before evening, and he did not know that a trap had been set for him from behind the city. [§]
vayehi ki'rot melek ha'ai vaymaharu vayashkimu vayetz'ua anashé-hair lik'rat Yisrael lamilchamah hu vechol amo lamooed lifnei ha'aravah vehu lo yada ki orev lo me'acharei ha'ir
'vayehi' means 'it happened', 'ki'rot' means 'when he saw', 'melek ha'ai' means 'king of Ai', 'vaymaharu' means 'they hurried', 'vayashkimu' means 'they arose', 'vayetzu' means 'they went out', 'anashé-hair' means 'men of the city', 'lik'rat' means 'to meet', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lamilchamah' means 'for battle', 'hu' means 'he', 'vechol amo' means 'and all his people', 'lamooed' means 'to the appointed place', 'lifnei ha'aravah' means 'before evening', 'vehu lo yada' means 'and he did not know', 'ki orev' means 'that a trap', 'lo' means 'for him', 'me'acharei ha'ir' means 'from behind the city'.
[JOS.8.15] And Joshua and all Israel were dismayed before them, and they turned aside from the way of the wilderness. [§]
va-yin-nag'u yo-shua ve-khal yis-ra-el li-p'ne-hem va-yan-nu-su de-rekh ha-mid-bar.
'va-yin-nag'u' means 'and they were dismayed', 'yo-shua' is the personal name Joshua, a theophoric name meaning 'Yahweh is salvation', 've-khal' means 'and all', 'yis-ra-el' means 'Israel', 'li-p'ne-hem' means 'before them', 'va-yan-nu-su' means 'and they turned aside', 'de-rekh' means 'the way', 'ha-mid-bar' means 'the wilderness'.
[JOS.8.16] And all the people in the city shouted to pursue them, and they pursued after Joshua, and they fled from the city. [§]
Vayitzaku kol haam asher ba'ir lirdof acharayhem vayirdefu acharai Yehoshua vayinnatku min ha'ir.
'Vayitzaku' means 'and they shouted', 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'ba'ir' means 'in the city', 'lirdof' means 'to pursue', 'acharayhem' means 'them', 'vayirdefu' means 'and they pursued', 'acharai' means 'after', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'vayinnatku' means 'and they fled', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'ir' means 'the city'.
[JOS.8.17] And no person was left in the city nor the house of God which had not gone after Israel; and they abandoned the city open and pursued after Israel. [§]
ve-lo nish'ar ish ba'ai u-beit God asher lo yatz'u acharai Yisrael vayya'azu et ha'ir petucha vayirdefu acharai Yisrael.
've-lo' means 'and not', 'nish'ar' means 'was left', 'ish' means 'person' or 'man', 'ba'ai' means 'in the city', 'u-beit' means 'and the house of', 'God' translates the name El as 'God', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'lo' means 'not', 'yatz'u' means 'they went out' or 'left', 'acharai' means 'after' or 'behind', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayya'azu' means 'and they left' or 'abandoned', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'petucha' means 'open' (i.e., left open), 'vayirdefu' means 'and they pursued', and the final 'acharai Yisrael' repeats 'after Israel'.
[JOS.8.18] And Yahveh said to Joshua, Throw the sling which is in your hand to the city, for in your hand I will give it, and Joshua threw the sling which was in his hand to the city. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Yehoshua neteh bakidon asher be-yadkha el-haarei ki be-yadkha ettenah vayet Yehoshua bakidon asher be-yado el-hair.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the personal name of God, 'el-' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'nete' means 'throw', 'hakidon' means 'the sling', 'asher' means 'which', 'be-yadkha' means 'in your hand', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'arei' means 'the city', 'ki' means 'for', 'be-yadkha' again 'in your hand', 'ettenah' means 'I will give it', 'vayet' means 'and he threw', 'Yehoshua' again, 'bakidon' 'the sling', 'asher' 'which', 'be-yado' 'in his hand', 'el' 'to', 'ha'ir' 'the city'.
[JOS.8.19] And the light rose quickly from its place, and they ran at the bends of his hand, and they came to the city, captured it, hurried, and set the city on fire. [§]
veha'orev kam mehera mimkomo vayyarutzu kintot yado vayavo ha'ir vayilkeduha vaymaharu vayatzitu et ha'ir ba'esh.
"veha'orev" means "and the light"; "kam" means "rose" or "came up"; "mehera" means "quickly"; "mimmkomo" means "from its place"; "vayarutzu" means "and they ran"; "kintot" means "the bends" or "crooks"; "yado" means "his hand"; "vayavo" means "and they came"; "ha'ir" means "the city"; "vayilkeduha" means "and they captured it"; "vaymaharu" means "and they hurried"; "vayatzitu" means "and they set fire"; "et ha'ir" is the direct object "the city"; "ba'esh" means "with fire".
[JOS.8.20] They turned the men of Ha'ay behind them and they saw, and behold ash of the city rose to the heavens, and there were no hands in them to flee here and there, and the people who fled the wilderness turned to the runner. [§]
vayifnu anshei ha'ay acharehem vayiru vehineh alah ash'an ha'ir hashamayim velo-hayah bahem yadayim lanus henna va-henna veha'am hanas hamidbar nehapach el-haroded
'vayifnu' means 'they turned', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'ha'ay' is a proper name meaning 'Ha'ay', 'acharehem' means 'behind them', 'vayiru' means 'and they saw', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'alah' means 'rose', 'ash'an' means 'ash', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'velo-hayah' means 'there was not', 'bahem' means 'in them', 'yadayim' means 'hands', 'lanus' means 'to flee', 'henna' means 'here', 'va-henna' means 'and there', 'veha'am' means 'and the people', 'hanas' means 'who fled', 'hamidbar' means 'the wilderness', 'nehapach' means 'was turned', 'el-haroded' means 'to the runner'.
[JOS.8.21] And Joshua and all Israel saw that the raider had seized the city, and that smoke rose from the city, and they turned back and struck the men of the city. [§]
viYehoshua vechol Yisrael ra'u ki lakad ha'orev et ha'ir ve'ki alah ash'an ha'ir vayashuvu vayakku et anshei ha'ay.
'viYehoshua' means 'and Joshua', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ra'u' means 'saw', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'lakad' means 'captured' or 'seized', 'ha'orev' means 'the predator' or 'the raider', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 've'ki' means 'and that', 'alah' means 'went up' or 'rose', 'ash'an' means 'smoke', 'vayashuvu' means 'they returned' or 'they turned back', 'vayakku' means 'they struck', 'anshei' means 'the men of', 'ha'ay' means 'the city'.
[JOS.8.22] And these went out from the city to meet them, and they were to Israel in the midst; these from this and these from that, and they struck them until there was no survivor left and fugitives remained. [§]
veeleh yatz'hu min ha'ir liqra'atam vayihu leYisrael battavekh eleh mizzeh veeleh mizzeh vayakku otam ad bilti hishir lo sarid u'palit.
'veeleh' means 'and these', 'yatz'hu' means 'went out', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'liqra'atam' means 'to meet them', 'vayihu' means 'and they were', 'leYisrael' means 'to Israel', 'battavekh' means 'in the midst', 'eleh' means 'these', 'mizzeh' means 'from this', 'veeleh' means 'and these', 'mizzeh' means 'from that', 'vayakku' means 'they struck', 'otam' means 'them', 'ad' means 'until', 'bilti' means 'no', 'hishir' means 'leave behind', 'lo' means 'for him', 'sarid' means 'survivor', 'upalit' means 'fugitives'.
[JOS.8.23] And you will seize the king of Ai alive, and they brought him to Joshua. [§]
ve'et-melekh ha'ai taf'su chai vayak'rivu oto el-yehoshua.
've'et' means 'and (with the direct‑object marker)', 'melekh' means 'king', 'ha'ai' means 'of Ai (the city called Ai)', 'taf'su' means 'you will seize' or 'you will catch', 'chai' means 'alive', 'vayak'rivu' means 'and they brought' or 'and they brought close', 'oto' means 'him', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'yehoshua' is a personal name meaning 'Joshua' (the servant of Yahveh).
[JOS.8.24] And it happened, as Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness they pursued them, that they all fell by the sword until they were completely destroyed, and all Israel returned to Ai and struck it with the sword. [§]
va-yehi ke-khalot Yisrael la-harog et kol yoshevei ha-Ai ba-sadeh ba-middbar asher redafum bo va-yiplu kulam lefi cherav ad tumam va-yashuvu kol Yisrael ha-Ai va-yakku otah lefi charav.
'va-yehi' means 'and it was', 'ke-khalot' means 'as they finished', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'la-harog' means 'to kill', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'yoshevei' means 'inhabitants of', 'ha-Ai' means 'the Ai', 'ba-sadeh' means 'in the field', 'ba-middbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'asher' means 'that', 'redafum' means 'they pursued', 'bo' means 'them', 'va-yiplu' means 'and they fell', 'kulam' means 'all of them', 'lefi' means 'by the sword', 'cherav' means 'sword', 'ad' means 'until', 'tumam' means 'they were completely [destroyed]', 'va-yashuvu' means 'and they returned', 'kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ha-Ai' means 'the Ai', 'va-yakku' means 'and they struck', 'otah' means 'her', 'lefi' means 'by the sword', 'charav' means 'sword'.
[JOS.8.25] And it was that all those who fell on that day, from man to woman, were twelve thousand, all the men of Ai. [§]
Vayehi kol hanoflim bayom hahu meiish vead isha shenayim asar alef kol anshei haai.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kol' means 'all', 'hanoflim' means 'those who fell', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'meiish' means 'from man', 'vead' means 'and to', 'isha' means 'woman', 'shenayim' means 'twelve', 'asar' means 'thousand', 'aleph' means 'thousand' (used as a numeral), 'kol' again means 'all', 'anshei' means 'men of', and 'haai' refers to the place called Ai.
[JOS.8.26] And Joshua did not withdraw his hand which he raised with the sword until he destroyed all the inhabitants of the city. [§]
Viyehoshua lo heshiv yado asher nata bakidon ad asher hecherim et kol yoshvei haair.
'Viyehoshua' means 'and Joshua', 'lo' means 'did not', 'heshiv' means 'withdraw/return', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nata' means 'he raised', 'bakidon' means 'with the sword', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher' (second occurrence) means 'that/which', 'hecherim' means 'he destroyed', 'et' is the accusative marker (no English equivalent), 'kol' means 'all', 'yoshvei' means 'inhabitants/dwellers of', 'haair' means 'the city'.
[JOS.8.27] Only the beasts and the spoil of that city plundered for Israel, according to the word of Yahveh which he commanded Joshua. [§]
Rak habehema ushelal ha'ir hahi bazzuu lahem Yisrael ki-dvar Yahveh asher tzivah et-Yehoshua.
'Rak' means 'only', 'habehema' means 'the beasts', 'ushelal' means 'and the spoil', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'hahi' means 'that (feminine)', 'bazzuu' means 'they plundered', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ki-dvar' means 'according to the word', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'asher' means 'which', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', 'et-Yehoshua' is the name Joshua as the object of the command.
[JOS.8.28] And Yahveh saves burned the city and made it a heap of ruin forever, until this day. [§]
va-yisrof Yehoshua et-ha'ir va-yasimeha tel olam shemamah ad ha-yom ha-ze.
'va-yisrof' means 'and he burned', 'Yehoshua' is a personal name meaning 'Yahveh saves' (Yahveh = the divine name YHVH, 'shua' means 'saves'), 'et-ha'ir' means 'the city', 'va-yasimeha' means 'and he made it', 'tel' means 'heap', 'olam' means 'forever', 'shemamah' means 'a ruin' or 'desolation', 'ad' means 'until', 'ha-yom' means 'the day', 'ha-ze' means 'this'.
[JOS.8.29] And the king of Ai was hung on the tree until evening; and when the sun rose Joshua commanded that they bring down its spoil from the tree, and they threw it at the opening of the city gate. Then they set up a great heap of stones upon it, which remains until this day. [§]
ve et melekh ha-Ai tala al ha-ets ad et ha-ereb u-kevo ha-shemesh tziva Yehoshua vayoridu et nivlato min ha-ets vayashlikhu otah el petach sha'ar ha-ir vayakimu alav gal avanim gadol ad ha-yom ha-zeh.
've' means 'and', 'et' means (object marker, no direct English), 'melekh' means 'king', 'ha-Ai' means 'the Ai (city)', 'tala' means 'was hung', 'al' means 'on', 'ha-ets' means 'the tree', 'ad' means 'until', 'et' (second occurrence) is another object marker, 'ha-ereb' means 'the evening', 'u-kevo' means 'and when the sun rose', 'ha-shemesh' means 'the sun', 'tziva' means 'commanded', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'vayoridu' means 'they brought down', 'et' (third occurrence) is an object marker, 'nivlato' means 'its spoil', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-ets' means 'the tree', 'vayashlikhu' means 'they threw', 'otah' means 'it', 'el' means 'to', 'petach' means 'the opening', 'sha'ar' means 'gate', 'ha-ir' means 'the city', 'vayakimu' means 'they set up', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'gal' means 'a heap', 'avanim' means 'stones', 'gadol' means 'large', 'ad' means 'until', 'ha-yom' means 'the day', 'ha-zeh' means 'this'.
[JOS.8.30] Then Joshua will build an altar to Yahveh, God of Israel, on Mount Eibal. [§]
az yivneh Yehoshua mizbeach laYahveh Elohei Yisrael behar Eibal.
'az' means 'then', 'yivneh' means 'will build', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'Elohei' means 'God of' (the word Elohim in the construct state, rendered literally as 'God'), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'behar' means 'on the mountain', 'Eibal' is the name of the mountain (Mount Eibal).
[JOS.8.31] As Moses the servant of Yahveh commanded the children of Israel, as is written in the book of the law of Moses, they built an altar of whole stones that they did not lift up with iron, and they raised on it sacrifices to Yahveh and they offered peace offerings. [§]
Ka'asher tzivah Moshe eved-Yahveh et-bnei Yisrael kakkatuv be-sefer torat Moshe mizbach avanim shleimot asher lo-heinif aleihen barzel vay'aloo alav olot la-Yahveh vayizbachu shlemim.
'Ka'asher' means 'as/when', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'eved-Yahveh' means 'servant of Yahveh' (YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'et-bnei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'kakkatuv' means 'as is written', 'be-sefer' means 'in the book', 'torat' means 'law of', 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'avanim' means 'stones', 'shleimot' means 'whole/unblemished', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lo-heinif' means 'did not lift up', 'aleihen' means 'upon them', 'barzel' means 'iron', 'vay'aloo' means 'and they raised/put up', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'olot' means 'sacrifices/offering', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'vayizbachu' means 'and they offered', 'shlemim' means 'peace offerings' (idiomatically whole or unblemished sacrifices).
[JOS.8.32] And he wrote there on the stones the copy of Moses' law which he had written before the children of Israel. [§]
Vayikhtav sham al ha'avanim et mishneh torat Moshe asher katav lifnei b'nei Yisrael.
'Vayikhtav' means 'and he wrote', 'sham' means 'there', 'al' means 'on', 'ha'avanim' means 'the stones', 'et' is the direct object marker (often left untranslated), 'mishneh' means 'copy', 'torat' means 'law of', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'asher' means 'which', 'katav' means 'he wrote', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.8.33] And all Israel and its elders and the officials and the judges stood from this side and from that side to the ark before the priests and the Levites who bore the ark of the covenant of Yahveh, as a west, half toward Mount Gerizim, and the other half toward Mount Ebal, as Moses the servant of Yahveh commanded, to bless the people of Israel at the beginning. [§]
vechol Yisrael uzekenav veshotrim veshoftav omdim mizeh umezah la'aron neged hakohanim halaviyim nos'ei aron brit-Yahveh kager ka'ezrach chetzivo el-mul har-Granitzim v'he-chetziyo el-mul ha'eival k'asher tzivah Moshe evad-Yahveh levarech et-ha'am Yisrael barishonah.
've' means 'and', 'chol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'uzekenav' means 'and its elders', 'veshotrim' means 'and the officials', 'veshoftav' means 'and the judges', 'omdim' means 'stood', 'mizeh' means 'from this side', 'umezah' means 'and from that side', 'la'aron' means 'to the ark', 'neged' means 'before', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'halaviyim' means 'the Levites', 'nos'ei' means 'bearing', 'aron' means 'ark', 'brit-Yahveh' means 'covenant of Yahveh', 'kager' means 'as a west', 'ka'ezrach' means 'like the east', 'chetzi' means 'half', 'el-mul' means 'toward the mountain', 'har-Granitzim' means 'Mount Gerizim', 'v'he-chetziyo' means 'and the other half', 'har-eival' means 'Mount Ebal', 'k'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'evad-Yahveh' means 'servant of Yahveh', 'levarech' means 'to bless', 'et-ha'am' means 'the people', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'barishonah' means 'at the beginning'.
[JOS.8.34] And after this he called all the words of the Torah, the blessing and the curse, according to all that is written in the Book of the Torah. [§]
veacharei-ken kara et kol divrei ha-torah ha-brachah veha-kelalah kechol ha-katuv be-sefer ha-torah.
'Ve' means 'and', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ken' means 'this', together 'veacharei-ken' means 'and after this'. 'Kara' means 'he called' or 'he proclaimed'. 'Et' is a direct object marker with no translation in English. 'Kol' means 'all' or 'every'. 'Divrei' is the construct form of 'davar' meaning 'words' or 'things', so 'divrei ha-torah' means 'the words of the Torah'. 'Ha-torah' means 'the Torah' (the instruction). 'Ha-brachah' means 'the blessing'. 'Veha-kelalah' means 'and the curse'. 'Kechol' means 'as all' or 'according to all'. 'Ha-katuv' is the construct of 'katav' meaning 'written', so 'ha-katuv' means 'that is written'. 'Be-sefer' means 'in the book' ('sefer' = book, with the preposition 'be' = in). 'Ha-torah' again means 'the Torah'.
[JOS.8.35] There was not a thing from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read before the whole assembly of Israel and the women and the children and the resident foreigner walking among them. [§]
Lo hayah davar mikol asher tzivah Moshe asher lo kara Yehoshua neged kol kehal Yisrael vehanashim vehataph vehager haholech bekirbam.
'Lo' means 'not', 'hayah' means 'was', 'davar' means 'thing', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'asher' (second occurrence) means 'that', 'lo' means 'not', 'kara' means 'read', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'neged' means 'before', 'kol' means 'the whole', 'kehal' means 'assembly', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've' means 'and' attached to the following word, 'nanashim' means 'women', 've' attached to 'hataph' means 'and the children', 'hataph' means 'the child/young', 've' attached to 'hager' means 'and the resident foreigner', 'hager' means 'the foreigner', 'haholech' means 'walking', 'be' attached to 'kirbam' means 'among them', 'kirbam' means 'their midst'.
JOS.9
[JOS.9.1] When all the kings who were beyond the Jordan, in the mountain and in the lowland, and throughout the whole coast of the great sea, opposite Lebanon, the Chetite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite, heard... [§]
Vayehi keshmoa kol hamelekhim asher be'ever hayarden ba-har u-ba-shepela u-vechol chof hayam hagadol el mul halvanon hachiti veha'emori hakana'ani haprezzi hachivi vehayevusi.
'Vayehi' means 'And it came to pass', 'keshmoa' means 'when (it was) heard', 'kol' means 'all', 'hamelekhim' means 'the kings', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'be'ever' means 'beyond', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'ba-har' means 'in the mountain', 'u-ba-shepela' means 'and in the lowland', 'u-vechol' means 'and in all', 'chof' means 'coast', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'hagadol' means 'great', 'el mul' means 'opposite', 'halvanon' means 'the Lebanon', 'hachiti' means 'the Chetite', 'veha'emori' means 'and the Amorite', 'hakana'ani' means 'the Canaanite', 'haprezzi' means 'the Perizzite', 'hachivi' means 'the Hivite', 'vehayevusi' means 'and the Jebusite'.
[JOS.9.2] And they gathered together to fight with Joshua and with Israel, one mouth. [§]
Vayitkabtsu yachdav lehilachem im Yehoshua ve im Yisrael peh echad.
'Vayitkabtsu' means 'and they gathered', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'lehilachem' means 'to fight', 'im' means 'with', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 've' means 'and', 'im' again means 'with', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'peh' means 'mouth', 'echad' means 'one'.
[JOS.9.3] And the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua did to the city of Riyich and to the ... [§]
ve-yoshvei Gibeon shamu et asher asa Yehoshua li-Riyich u-lea
've' means 'and', 'yoshvei' means 'the inhabitants of', 'Gibeon' is the place name Gibeon, 'shamu' means 'heard', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'asher' means 'what/that which', 'asa' means 'did/made', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'li-Riyich' means 'to (the city) of Riyich', 'u-lea' means 'and to the ...' (the final word is uncertain in the manuscript but appears to be a conjunctive phrase).
[JOS.9.4] And they also acted craftily, and they went, and they concealed themselves, and they took bags and bales for their donkeys, and wine bags, and they scattered and stored. [§]
Vayaa'su gam-hemmah be'arma vayelchu vayitztayaroo vayikchu sakim balim lechamor-ehhem veno'odot yayin balim u-mebukka'im u-metzoririm.
'Vayaa'su' means 'and they did/made', 'gam-hemmah' means 'also they', 'be'arma' means 'with craftiness', 'vayelchu' means 'and they went', 'vayitztayaroo' means 'and they concealed themselves', 'vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'sakim' means 'bags', 'balim' means 'bales' or 'bundles', 'lechamor-ehhem' means 'for their donkeys', 'veno'odot' means 'wine skins/bags', 'yayin' means 'wine', another 'balim' repeats 'bales/bags', 'u-mebukka'im' means 'and scattered', 'u-metzoririm' means 'and stored'.
[JOS.9.5] And their shoes were wet, and their sandals were saturated on their feet, and their waders were wet upon them; and all the bread of their sustenance was dry, it was scorched. [§]
Une'alot balot u'metulla'ot beragleihem ve'shalamot balot alayhem ve'chol lechem tzeidam yavesh hayah nikudim.
'U' means 'and', 'ne'alot' means 'shoes' or 'sandals', 'balot' means 'wet', 'u' again 'and', 'metulla'ot' means 'filled' or 'saturated', 'beragleihem' means 'on their feet', 've' means 'and', 'shalamot' means 'waders' or 'socks', 'balot' again 'wet', 'alayhem' means 'upon them', 've' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'tzeidam' means 'their sustenance' or 'what they eat', 'yavesh' means 'dry', 'hayah' means 'was', 'nikudim' means 'scorched' or 'burnt'.
[JOS.9.6] And they went to Joshua at the camp of Gilgal, and they said to him and to the man of Israel from a distant land, we have come, and now make a covenant with us. [§]
Vayeilechu el-Yehoshua el-hamachaneh haggilgal vayo'meru elav ve'el-ishes Yisrael me'eretz rehoqah ba'anu ve'atah kirtu-lanu berit.
'Vayeilechu' means 'and they went', 'el-Yehoshua' means 'to Joshua', 'el-hamachaneh haggilgal' means 'to the camp of Gilgal', 'vayo'meru' means 'and they said', 'elav' means 'to him', 've'el-ishes Yisrael' means 'and to the man of Israel', 'me'eretz rehoqah' means 'from a distant land', 'ba'anu' means 'we have come', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'kirtu-lanu' means 'make a covenant with us', 'berit' means 'covenant'.
[JOS.9.7] And a man of Israel said to the unknown one, perhaps you are sitting within me, and how shall I make a covenant with you. [§]
Vayomeru ish-Yisrael el ha-chivi ulai beqirbi attah yoshev ve'ech ekhrot-lekha brit.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'ish' means 'man', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-chivi' is a noun whose exact meaning is unclear in this context (possibly a title or name), 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'beqirbi' means 'within me' or 'in my midst', 'attah' means 'you', 'yoshev' means 'are sitting' or 'remain', 've'ech' means 'and how', 'ekhrat' means 'shall I make' (from the root 'k-r-t' meaning to bind or make a covenant), 'lekha' means 'for you', 'brit' means 'covenant'.
[JOS.9.8] And they said to Joshua, "Your servants we are," and Joshua said to them, "Who are you, and from where do you come?" [§]
Vayyo'meru el-Yehoshu'a avadecha anachnu, vayyo'mer alehem Yehoshu'a: Mi atem u-me'ayin tavohu.
'Vayyo'meru' means 'and they said', 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshu'a' is the name Joshua, 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'anachnu' means 'we', the comma separates the clauses, 'vayyo'mer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Mi' means 'who', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'u-me'ayin' means 'and from where', 'tavohu' means 'you will come' (i.e., 'do you come').
[JOS.9.9] And they said to him, from a very far land your servants have come for the name of Yahveh your the Gods, because we have heard his voice and all that he did in Egypt. [§]
Vayomru elav me'eretz rechokah meod bau avadecha le-shem Yahveh Elohecha ki shamanhu shamoh ve'et kol-asher asa bMitzrayim.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'rechokah' means 'far', 'meod' means 'very', 'bau' means 'they came', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'le-shem' means 'for the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohecha' means 'your Elohim' which is rendered as 'your the Gods', 'ki' means 'because', 'shamanhu' means 'we have heard', 'shamoh' means 'his voice', 've'et' means 'and', 'kol-asher' means 'all that', 'asa' means 'he did', 'bMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt'.
[JOS.9.10] and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorite who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan who was in Ashtaroth. [§]
ve'et kol asher asa lishnei malchei haEmori asher be'ever hayarden leSihon melech Chesbon u'leOg melech Habashan asher be'ashterot.
've'et' means 'and (the direct object marker)', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asa' means 'he did/made', 'lishnei' means 'to the two', 'malchei' means 'kings of', 'haEmori' means 'the Amorite', 'asher' again 'who', 'be'ever' means 'beyond', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'leSihon' means 'to Sihon', 'melech' means 'king', 'Chesbon' is a place name 'Heshbon', 'u'leOg' means 'and to Og', 'melech' again 'king', 'Habashan' means 'of Bashan', 'asher' again 'who', 'be'ashterot' means 'in Ashtaroth'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation rule is applied.
[JOS.9.11] And they said to us, our elders and all the inhabitants of our land, saying, "Take a spoil in your hand for the road and go to meet them, and you shall say to them, 'We are your servants; now make a covenant with us.'" [§]
Vayomru aleinu zeqenenu vekhol-yoshevei artzenu le'emor k'chu beyedechem tzeidah laderekh ulekhu liqra'atam vaamartem alehem avdeichem anachnu ve'atah kirtu-lanu berit.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'aleinu' means 'to us', 'zeqenenu' means 'our elders', 'vekhol-yoshevei' means 'and all the inhabitants', 'artzenu' means 'of our land', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'k'chu' means 'take', 'beyedechem' means 'in your hand', 'tzeidah' means 'a spoil or game', 'laderekh' means 'for the road', 'ulekhu' means 'and go', 'liqra'atam' means 'to meet them', 'vaamartem' means 'and you shall say', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'avdeichem' means 'your servants', 'anachnu' means 'we', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'kirtu-lanu' means 'make a covenant with us', 'berit' means 'covenant'.
[JOS.9.12] This our bread is hot; we warmed it from our houses on the day of our departure to go to you, and now, behold, it is dry and will become scorched. [§]
Zeh lakhmenu cham hitsatayadnu oto mibateinu beyom tze'etenu lalekhet aleichem ve'atah hineh yavesh vehayah nekkudim.
'Zeh' means 'this', 'lakhmenu' means 'our bread', 'cham' means 'hot', 'hitsatayadnu' means 'we warmed', 'oto' means 'it', 'mibateinu' means 'from our houses', 'beyom' means 'on the day', 'tze'etenu' means 'of our going out', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'aleichem' means 'to you (plural)', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'yavesh' means 'dry', 'vehayah' means 'and it will become', 'nekkudim' means 'scorched (dry spots)'.
[JOS.9.13] And these are the wine libations which we have filled anew, and behold they have been broken, and these are our wages and our sandals, they have perished from the abundance of the way greatly. [§]
Ve'eleh noadot hayayin asher mileinu chadashim ve'hinei hitbaku ve'eleh salmotenu ve'ne'aleinu balu merov haderekh meod.
'Ve'eleh' means 'and these', 'noadot' means 'libations' (plural), 'hayayin' means 'of the wine', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'mileinu' means 'we have filled', 'chadashim' means 'new' or 'again', 've'hinei' means 'and behold', 'hitbaku' means 'they have been broken', 've'eleh' again means 'and these', 'salmotenu' means 'our wages' or 'our earnings', 've'ne'aleinu' means 'and our sandals', 'balu' means 'they have perished' or 'they are gone', 'merov' means 'from the abundance', 'haderekh' means 'the way' or 'the road', 'meod' means 'very much' or 'greatly'.
[JOS.9.14] And the men took [them] from their side, and they did not ask the mouth of Yahveh. [§]
vayyikachu ha anashim mitzeydām ve'et pi Yahveh lo sha'alu.
'vayyikachu' means 'and they took', 'ha anashim' means 'the men', 'mitzeydām' means 'from their side' (the exact nuance of צֵיד is uncertain but is rendered here literally as 'side'), 've'et' is a conjunction meaning 'and' plus the direct object marker, 'pi' means 'mouth of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'lo' means 'not', and 'sha'alu' means 'they asked' or 'inquired'.
[JOS.9.15] And Joshua made peace for them, and he cut a covenant for their lives, and he swore an oath to them, the heads of the congregation. [§]
Vayaas lahem Yehoshua shalom vayikrot lahem berit lechayotam vayishaveu lahem nesie haeda.
'Vayaas' means 'and he made', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'shalom' means 'peace', 'vayikrot' means 'and he cut/made', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'lechayotam' means 'for their lives', 'vayishaveu' means 'and they swore' (here 'he swore'), 'nesie' means 'heads/leaders', 'haeda' means 'the congregation'.
[JOS.9.16] And it was at the end of three days after they made a covenant, and they heard that they were near to God, and in his midst they were dwelling. [§]
Vayhi miketse shloshet yamim acharei asher kartu lahem berit vayishmeu ki kerovim hem elav uvekeravo hem yoshvim.
'Vayhi' means 'and it was', 'miketse' means 'at the end of', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'acharei' means 'after', 'asher' means 'which/that', 'kartu' means 'they made/covenanted', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'vayishmeu' means 'and they heard', 'ki' means 'that', 'kerovim' means 'they are near', 'hem' means 'they', 'elav' contains the divine name 'El' and means 'to God', 'uvekeravo' means 'in his midst', 'hem' again means 'they', 'yoshvim' means 'are sitting/dwelling'. The divine name El is rendered literally as 'God' per the translation rule.
[JOS.9.17] And the sons of Israel journeyed and came to their cities on the third day, and their cities were Gibeon, Kephirah, Be'erot, and Kiryat Ye'arim. [§]
Vayis'u b'nei Yisrael vayavo'u el-areihem bayom hashlishi ve'areihem Gibon veHakkefirah u'veerot veQiryat Yearim.
'Vayis'u' means 'and they journeyed', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'el-areihem' means 'to their cities', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 've'areihem' means 'and their cities', 'Gibon' means 'Gibeon', 'veHakkefirah' means 'and Kephirah', 'u'veerot' means 'and Be'erot', 'veQiryat' means 'and Kiryat', 'Yearim' means 'the Forests'.
[JOS.9.18] And they did not strike the children of Israel because the heads of the assembly had sworn to them in Yahveh the Gods of Israel, and the whole assembly wept over the heads. [§]
Ve'lo hikkum b'nei Yisrael ki nish'vu lahem n'si'ei ha'edah baYahveh Elohei Yisrael vayil'nu kol ha'edah al ha'n'si'im.
'Ve'lo' means 'and not'; 'hikkum' means 'they struck'; 'b'nei' means 'the children of'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'nish'vu' means 'they swore'; 'lahem' means 'to them'; 'n'si'ei' means 'the heads of'; 'ha'edah' means 'the assembly'; 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (the translated form of YHVH); 'Elohei' means 'the Gods of' (Elohim rendered literally as 'the Gods'); 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'vayil'nu' means 'and they wept/grieved'; 'kol' means 'all'; 'ha'edah' means 'the assembly'; 'al' means 'over/about'; 'ha'n'si'im' means 'the heads'.
[JOS.9.19] And all the princes said to the whole assembly, We have sworn to them in Yahveh the God of Israel, and now we cannot touch them. [§]
Vayomru kol-hanneshiim el-kol-haedah anachnu nishbanu lahem baYahveh Elohei Yisrael veatah lo nuchal lin'goa bahem.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'kol-hanneshiim' means 'all the princes', 'el-kol-haedah' means 'to all the assembly', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'nishbanu' means 'have sworn', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'Elohei Yisrael' means 'the God of Israel', 'veatah' means 'and now', 'lo nuchal' means 'we cannot', 'lin'goa' means 'touch' or 'bring a charge against', 'bahem' means 'them'.
[JOS.9.20] This we will do for them and keep them alive, and no anger shall be upon us because of the oath that we swore to them. [§]
Zot na'aseh lahem ve-hachaye otam ve-lo yihye alenu ketzef al hashavuah asher nishba'u lahem.
'Zot' means 'this', 'na'aseh' means 'we will do', 'lahem' means 'for them', 've-hachaye' means 'and (we) keep alive', 'otam' means 'them', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yihye' means 'shall be', 'alenu' means 'upon us', 'ketzef' means 'anger', 'al' means 'against', 'hashavuah' means 'the oath', 'asher' means 'that', 'nishba'u' means 'we swore', 'lahem' means 'to them'.
[JOS.9.21] The chiefs said to them, 'May they live,' and they became woodcutters and water-drawers for the whole congregation, as the chiefs had spoken to them. [§]
Vayomru alehem han'si'im yichyu vayihu chot'vei etzim v'sho'avei mayim lekhol ha'edah ka'asher dibru lahem han'si'im.
'Vayomru' means 'they said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'han'si'im' means 'the chiefs', 'yichyu' means 'may they live', 'vayihu' means 'and they became', 'chot'vei' means 'cutters of', 'etzim' means 'trees/wood', 'v'sho'avei' means 'and water-drawers', 'mayim' means 'water', 'lekhol' means 'for all', 'ha'edah' means 'the congregation', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'dibru' means 'they spoke', 'lahem' means 'to them'.
[JOS.9.22] And Joshua called to them and spoke to them, saying, 'Why have you deceived us, saying that we are far away from you greatly, while you are sitting among us?' [§]
Vayikra lahem Yehoshua vayedaber aleihem le'emor lama rimitem otanu le'emor rechokim anachnu mikem me'od ve'atem be'kirbenu yoshvim.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'vayedaber' means 'and he spoke', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'lama' means 'why', 'rimitem' means 'you have deceived', 'otanu' means 'us', 'le'emor' again means 'to say', 'rechokim' means 'far away', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'mikem' means 'from you', 'me'od' means 'very much' or 'greatly', 've'atem' means 'and you', 'be'kirbenu' means 'in our midst', 'yoshvim' means 'sitting' or 'are sitting'.
[JOS.9.23] Now you are cursed, and no servant shall be taken from among you, and the woodcutters and the water-drawers for the house of my God. [§]
ve'atah arurim atem ve'lo yikaret mikem evod ve'chotevei etzim ve'shoavei mayim lebeit Elohai.
've'atah' means 'now', 'arurim' means 'cursed (plural)', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yikaret' means 'shall be taken' or 'shall be removed', 'mikem' means 'from among you', 'evod' means 'servant', 've'chotevei' means 'and those who cut', 'etzim' means 'wood', 've'shoavei' means 'and those who draw', 'mayim' means 'water', 'lebeit' means 'to the house of', 'Elohai' means 'my God' (the name Elohim rendered literally as 'the Gods', here in singular possessive as 'my God').
[JOS.9.24] They answered Joshua and said, 'For it has been announced, it has been announced to your servants the thing that Yahveh your God commanded Moses his servant to give to you the whole land and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you; and we were greatly afraid for our lives from before you, and we will do this thing.' [§]
Vayyan'u et-Yehoshua vayomru ki huggad huggad la'avdeikha et asher tzivah Yahveh Elohekha et-Moshe avdo latet lachem et kol ha'aretz uleheshmid et kol yoshvei ha'aretz mimineikhem venira me'od lenafshotenu mimineikhem va'na'aseh et-hadavar hazze.
'Vayyan'u' means 'they answered', 'et-Yehoshua' means 'to Joshua', 'vayomru' means 'and said', 'ki' means 'that', 'huggad' means 'it has been announced' (repeated for emphasis), 'la'avdeikha' means 'to your servants', 'et asher' means 'the thing that', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohekha' means 'your God' (El = God), 'et-Moshe avdo' means 'Moses his servant', 'latet lachem' means 'to give to you', 'et kol ha'aretz' means 'the whole land', 'uleheshmid' means 'and to destroy', 'et kol yoshvei ha'aretz' means 'all the inhabitants of the land', 'mimineikhem' means 'from before you', 'venira me'od' means 'and we were greatly afraid', 'lenafshotenu' means 'for our lives', 'va'na'aseh et-hadavar hazze' means 'and we will do this thing'.
[JOS.9.25] And now, behold, it is in your hand to do what is good and right in your eyes for us; do it. [§]
ve'atah hin'nu beyadecha ka-tov ve-ka-yashar be'einecha la'asot lanu aseh.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'hin'nu' means 'behold', 'beyadecha' means 'in your hand', 'ka-tov' means 'as good', 've-ka-yashar' means 'and as straight or right', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'aseh' means 'do' (imperative).
[JOS.9.26] He did for them thus, and he rescued them from the hand of the children of Israel, and they did not kill them. [§]
vayaas lahem ken vayatzeel otam miyad b'nei Yisrael velo haragum.
'vayaas' means 'he did', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'ken' means 'thus', 'vayatzeel' means 'and he rescued/delivered', 'otam' means 'them', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'b'nei' means 'children/sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'velo' means 'and not', 'haragum' means 'they killed them' (negative, 'they did not kill them').
[JOS.9.27] And Joshua gave them on that day woodcutters and water carriers for the congregation and for the altar of Yahveh until this day to the place that he will choose. [§]
vayittenem Yehoshua ba-yom ha-hu chotvei etzim ve-shoavei mayim la'edah u-le-mizbach Yahveh ad-hayom hazeh el-hamakom asher yivchar.
'vayittenem' means 'and he gave them', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'chotvei' means 'cutters of', 'etzim' means 'wood', 've-shoavei' means 'and carriers of', 'mayim' means 'water', 'la'edah' means 'for the congregation', 'u-le-mizbach' means 'and for the altar', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the name of God, 'ad-hayom' means 'until the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'el-hamakom' means 'to the place', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yivchar' means 'he will choose'.
JOS.10
[JOS.10.1] And it happened when my Lord Tzedek, king of Jerusalem, because Joshua seized the valley and destroyed it, as he did to Lachish and its king; so he did to the valley and its king, and because the inhabitants of Gibeon fulfilled Israel, they were among them. [§]
vayehi kishmoa adoni-tzedek melech yerushalem ki-lachad yehoshuah et-hai vayachrimah ka'asher asah liricho ul-malkah ken-asah la'ai ul-malkah veki hislimu yosvei givon et-yisrael vayihyu beqirbam.
'vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kishmoa' means 'when hearing', 'adoni-tzedek' means 'my Lord Tzedek', 'melech' means 'king', 'yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem', 'ki-lachad' means 'because seized', 'yehoshuah' means 'Joshua', 'et-hai' means 'the valley', 'vayachrimah' means 'and he destroyed it', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'asah' means 'he did', 'liricho' means 'to Lachish', 'ul-malkah' means 'and its king', 'ken-asah' means 'so he did', 'la'ai' means 'to the valley', 'ul-malkah' (second occurrence) means 'and its king', 'veki' means 'and because', 'hislimu' means 'they fulfilled', 'yosvei' means 'the inhabitants of', 'givon' means 'Gibeon', 'et-yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayihyu' means 'they were', 'beqirbam' means 'among them'.
[JOS.10.2] And they were very afraid because the great city Gibeon was like one of the cities of the kingdom, and indeed it was great beyond the hill, and all its men were mighty. [§]
vayyiru meod ki ir gedolah Gibeon keachat arei hamamlecha ve-ki hi gedolah min-haai ve-kol anashiyah gibborim.
'vayyiru' means 'they were afraid', 'meod' means 'very', 'ki' means 'because', 'ir' means 'city', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'Gibeon' is the name of the city, 'keachat' means 'like one', 'arei' means 'cities of', 'hamamlecha' means 'the kingdom', 've-ki' means 'and indeed', 'hi' means 'it', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'min' means 'from', 'haai' means 'the hill', 've-kol' means 'and all', 'anashiyah' means 'its men', 'gibborim' means 'mighty ones' or 'heroes'.
[JOS.10.3] And he sent my Lord Tzedek king of Jerusalem to Hoham king of Hebron, and to Piram king of Jarmuth, and to Yafi'ah king of Lachish, and to Debir king of Eglon, saying: [§]
Vayishlach Adoni-Tzedek melech Yerushalem el-Hoham melech-Ḥevron ve'el-Piram melech-Yarmuth ve'el-Yafi'ah melech-Lachish ve'el-Devir melech-Egelon le'emor.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Adoni-Tzedek' means 'my Lord Tzedek' (Adoni = my Lord), 'melech' means 'king', 'Yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem', 'el' means 'to', 'Hoham' is a proper name, 'melech-Ḥevron' means 'king of Hebron', 've' means 'and', 'el-Piram' means 'to Piram', 'melech-Yarmuth' means 'king of Jarmuth', 've'el-Yafi'ah' means 'and to Yafi'ah', 'melech-Lachish' means 'king of Lachish', 've'el-Devir' means 'and to Debir', 'melech-Egelon' means 'king of Eglon', 'le'emor' means 'saying'.
[JOS.10.4] Come up to me and help me and I will strike Gibeon because he has completed Joshua and the children of Israel. [§]
Alu elai ve'ezruni ve-nakkeh et-Givon ki-hishlimah et-Yehoshua ve'et-bnei Yisrael.
'Alu' means 'come up', 'elai' means 'to me', 've'ezruni' means 'and help me', 've'nakkeh' means 'and I will strike', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Givon' is the place name Gibeon, 'ki' means 'because', 'hishlimah' means 'he has completed', 'et' again the object marker, 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 've'et' means 'and', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.10.5] And they gathered and went up with five kings of the Ammonites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, them and all their armies, and they encamped against Gibeon and fought against it. [§]
Vaye'esfu vayya'alu chameshet malchei ha'amori melech Yerushalayim melech Hevron melech Yarmuth melech Lachish melech Eglon hem ve-khol machanehem vayachanu al Gibeon vayilachmu aleha.
'Vaye'esfu' means 'and they gathered', 'vayya'alu' means 'and they went up', 'chameshet' means 'five', 'malchei' means 'kings of', 'ha'amori' means 'the Ammonite', 'melech' means 'king', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'Hevron' means 'Hebron', 'Yarmuth' means 'Jarmuth', 'Lachish' means 'Lachish', 'Eglon' means 'Eglon', 'hem' means 'they', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'machanehem' means 'their armies', 'vayachanu' means 'they encamped', 'al' means 'against', 'Gibeon' means 'Gibeon', 'vayilachmu' means 'they fought', 'aleha' means 'against it'.
[JOS.10.6] And the men of Gibeon sent to Joshua to the camp of Gilgal, saying, Do not slacken your hand from your servants; come quickly to us and rescue us and help us, because all the kings of the Amorites who dwell in the hill have gathered against us. [§]
Vayishlechu anshei Gibeon el Yehoshua el hamachaneh hagilgalah leemor al teref yadecha meavadecha aleh elenu mehera vehoshia lanu veazrenu ki nikbatsu elenu kol malkhei haamori yosve haahar.
'Vayishlechu' means 'and they sent', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'Gibeon' is the place name Gibeon, 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'el' means 'to', 'hamachaneh' means 'the camp', 'hagilgalah' means 'of Gilgal', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'al' means 'do not', 'teref' means 'slacken', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'meavadecha' means 'from your servants', 'aleh' means 'come', 'elenu' means 'to us', 'mehera' means 'quickly', 'vehoshia' means 'and rescue', 'lanu' means 'us', 'veazrenu' means 'and help us', 'ki' means 'because', 'nikbatsu' means 'they have gathered', 'elenu' means 'against us', 'kol' means 'all', 'malkhei' means 'kings of', 'haamori' means 'the Amorite', 'yosve' means 'dwelling', 'haahar' means 'in the hill'.
[JOS.10.7] And Joshua went up from Gilgal, he and all the people of war with him, and all the mighty warriors. [§]
Vaya'al Yehoshua min-haGilgal hu ve'chol am haMilchamah immo ve'chol giborei hechayil.
'Vaya'al' means 'and he went up', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'min' means 'from', 'haGilgal' means 'the Gilgal', 'hu' means 'he', 've'chol' means 'and all', 'am' means 'people', 'haMilchamah' means 'of war', 'immo' means 'with him', 've'chol' again means 'and all', 'giborei' means 'the mighty ones' or 'warriors', 'hechayil' means 'of strength' or 'the mighty'.
[JOS.10.8] Yahveh said to Joshua, Do not fear them, because I have given them into your hand; no man shall stand against them in your presence. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el Yehoshua al tira mehem ki be yadkha natatim lo yaamod ish mehem be faneikha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'al' means 'do not', 'tira' means 'fear', 'mehem' means 'of them', 'ki' means 'because', 'be' means 'in', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'natatim' means 'I have given them', 'lo' means 'not', 'yaamod' means 'shall stand', 'ish' means 'a man', 'mehem' means 'of them', 'be' means 'in', 'faneikha' means 'your presence'.
[JOS.10.9] And Joshua came to them suddenly; all night he went up from Gilgal. [§]
Vayyavo aleihem Yehoshua pitoaam kol-halayla alah min-hagilgal.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name meaning 'Yahweh saves', 'pitoaam' means 'suddenly', 'kol-halayla' means 'all night' or 'the whole night', 'alah' means 'he went up', 'min-hagilgal' means 'from Gilgal'.
[JOS.10.10] Yahveh was angry before Israel, and he struck them with a great blow at Gibeon, and pursued them along the road of the ascent of the house of Choron, and struck them to Azekah and to Makedah. [§]
Vayhumem Yahveh lifnei Yisrael Vayakemm makka gedolah begivon Vayirdfem derekh maaleh beit choron Vayakemm ad azekah vead maqedah.
'Vayhumem' means 'Yahveh was angry', the verb 'humem' conveys anger. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the Tetragrammaton YHVH. 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'against'. 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'. 'Vayakemm' means 'and he struck' (from the verb 'to strike'). 'makka' means 'blow' or 'stroke'. 'gedolah' means 'great' or 'large'. 'begivon' means 'at Gibeon', a place name kept as is. 'Vayirdfem' means 'and he pursued them' (verb 'to chase' with object 'them'). 'derekh' means 'road' or 'way'. 'maaleh' means 'ascent' or 'rising'. 'beit' means 'house' (of). 'choron' is a place name, kept as is. 'ad' means 'to' or 'until'. 'azekah' and 'maqedah' are place names retained. The passage describes Yahveh's anger against Israel, a severe blow at Gibeon, and a pursuit to the locations of Azekah and Makedah.
[JOS.10.11] And it was when they fled before Israel they were in Morad the house of Choron and Yahveh threw upon them great stones from the heavens to Azeka and they died many who died in the hailstones from which they killed the sons of Israel with the sword. [§]
vayehi benusam mipenei Yisrael hem bemorad beit-choron vayHWH hishlikh aleihem avanim gedolot min-hashamayim ad-azeka vayamutu rabbim asher-metu be'avnei habarad me'asher hargu b'nei Yisrael becharav
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'benusam' means 'when they fled', 'mipenei' means 'before', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hem' means 'they', 'bemorad' means 'in Morad', 'beit-choron' means 'the house of Choron', 'vayHWH' means 'and Yahveh', 'hishlikh' means 'threw', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'avanim' means 'stones', 'gedolot' means 'great', 'min-hashamayim' means 'from the heavens', 'ad-azeka' means 'to Azeka', 'vayamutu' means 'and they died', 'rabbim' means 'many', 'asher-metu' means 'who died', 'be'avnei' means 'in the [stones of]', 'habarad' means 'hail', 'me'asher' means 'from which', 'hargu' means 'they killed', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'becharav' means 'with the sword'.
[JOS.10.12] Then Joshua spoke to Yahveh on the day that Yahveh gave the Amorite before the children of Israel, and he said in the eyes of Israel, 'The sun in Gibeon stopped, and the moon in the valley of Ajalon.' [§]
Az yedaber Yehoshua laYahveh beyom tet Yahveh et haAmori lephenei bnei Yisrael vayomer le'einei Yisrael shemesh beGivon dom veyareach beemek Ayalon.
'Az' means 'then', 'yedaber' means 'spoke', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHWH translated as Yahveh), 'beyom' means 'on the day', 'tet' means 'that gives' (from root meaning to give), 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haAmori' means 'the Amorite', 'lephenei' means 'before', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'le'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'shemesh' means 'sun', 'beGivon' means 'in Gibeon', 'dom' means 'stopped' or 'ceased', 'veyarach' means 'and the moon', 'beemek' means 'in the valley of', 'Ayalon' is the place name Ajalon.
[JOS.10.13] And the sun was silent and the moon stood still until a nation rose against his enemies; is it not written in the book of the upright? And the sun stood in the middle of the heavens and will not rise again like a perfect day. [§]
Vayidom hashemesh ve-yareach amad ad-yikom goy oyvav halo hi ketubah al sefer hayashar vayamod hashemesh bachatsi hashamaim velo atz lavo ke-yom tamim.
'Vayidom' means 'and it was silent', 'hashemesh' means 'the sun', 've-yareach' means 'and the moon', 'amad' means 'stood', 'ad-yikom' means 'until it rises', 'goy' means 'nation', 'oyvav' means 'of his enemies', 'halo' means 'is it not', 'hi' means 'it', 'ketubah' means 'written', 'al' means 'on', 'sefer' means 'book', 'hayashar' means 'the upright', 'vayamod' means 'and stood', 'bachatsi' means 'in the middle of', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens', 'velo' means 'and not', 'atz' means 'will rise', 'lavo' means 'to come', 'ke-yom' means 'like a day', 'tamim' means 'perfect' or 'complete'.
[JOS.10.14] And there was no day like that before or after to hear Yahveh by the voice of a man, because Yahveh fought for Israel. [§]
Ve lo haya kayom hahu lefanav ve'acharav lishmoa Yahveh bekol ish ki Yahveh nilcham leYisrael.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'haya' means 'was', 'kayom' means 'like the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'lefanav' means 'before it', 've'acharav' means 'and after it', 'lishmoa' means 'to hear', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bekol' means 'by the voice of', 'ish' means 'a man', 'ki' means 'because', 'nilcham' means 'fought', 'leYisrael' means 'for Israel'.
[JOS.10.15] And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to the camp of Gilgal. [§]
Vayashav Yehoshua v'chol Yisrael immo el hamachaneh hagilgala.
'Vayashav' means 'and he returned', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'v'chol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel' (the people), 'immo' means 'with him', 'el' means 'to', 'hamachaneh' means 'the camp', 'hagilgala' means 'the Gilgal' (a place name).
[JOS.10.16] And five of these kings fled, and they hid in the cave at the stronghold. [§]
Vayanusu chameshet ha-melachim ha-eleh vayechavu ba-me'arah be-makkeda.
'Vayanusu' means 'they fled', 'chameshet' means 'five', 'ha-melachim' means 'the kings', 'ha-eleh' means 'these', 'vayechavu' means 'they hid', 'ba-me'arah' means 'in the cave', 'be-makkeda' means 'in the stronghold'.
[JOS.10.17] And it was reported to Joshua, saying, the five kings were found hidden in the cave at Makkedah. [§]
Vayugad leYehoshua le'emor nimtzeu chameshet hamelekhim nechba'im bam'arah bemaqqedah.
'Vayugad' means 'and it was reported', 'leYehoshua' means 'to Joshua', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'nimtzeu' means 'were found', 'chameshet' means 'five', 'hamelekhim' means 'the kings', 'nechba'im' means 'were hidden', 'bam'arah' means 'in the cave', 'bemaqqedah' means 'at Makkedah'.
[JOS.10.18] And Joshua said, Throw large stones into the mouth of the cave and appoint men over them to guard them. [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua golu avanim gedolot el-pi ha-me'arah ve-hafkiduu aleha anashim le-shamram.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'golu' means 'throw', 'avanim' means 'stones', 'gedolot' means 'large' or 'great', 'el-pi' means 'into the mouth of', 'ha-me'arah' means 'the cave', 've-hafkiduu' means 'and appoint', 'aleha' means 'over them', 'anashim' means 'men', 'le-shamram' means 'to guard them'.
[JOS.10.19] And you do not stand, pursue after your enemies and overtake them; do not let them go to their cities, for Yahveh the Gods has given them into your hands. [§]
veatem al taamdu ridfu acharei oyveichem vezinabtem otam al titenum lavo el areihem ki netanam Yahveh elohichem byadchem.
'veatem' means 'and you', 'al' means 'do not', 'taamdu' means 'stand', 'ridfu' means 'pursue', 'acharei' means 'after', 'oyveichem' means 'your enemies', 'vezinabtem' means 'and overtake them', 'otam' means 'them', 'al titenum' means 'do not let them (go)', 'lavo' means 'to come', 'el areihem' means 'to their cities', 'ki' means 'for', 'netanam' means 'has given them', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of the LORD, 'elohichem' means 'your God' (rendered as the Gods per literal rule), 'byadchem' means 'into your hands'.
[JOS.10.20] And it happened, when Joshua and the children of Israel were to strike them with a great and very thorough blow, and the survivors fled from them, and they came to the cities of the stronghold. [§]
Vayehi kekallot Yehoshua uvenei Yisrael lehakotam makka gedolahmeod ad tummam vehashriddim sardu mehem vayavohu el-arei hamivtzar.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kekallot' means 'when ... was finished', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'uvenei' means 'and the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lehakotam' means 'to strike them', 'makka' means 'a blow', 'gedolahmeod' means 'great and very', 'ad' means 'until', 'tummam' means 'completely', 'vehashriddim' means 'and the survivors', 'sardu' means 'fled', 'mehem' means 'from them', 'vayavohu' means 'they came', 'el-arei' means 'to the cities of', 'hamivtzar' means 'the stronghold'.
[JOS.10.21] And all the people returned to the camp to Joshua in peace; the children of Israel were not angry toward any man because of his tongue. [§]
Vayashuvu kol ha'am el hamachane el Yehoshua makdeh b'shalom lo charatz livnei Yisrael le'ish et leshono.
'Vayashuvu' means 'and they returned', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'hamachane' means 'the camp', 'el' again means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'makdeh' means 'in a gathering/assembly', 'b'shalom' means 'in peace', 'lo' means 'not', 'charatz' means 'to be angry or indignant', 'livnei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le'ish' means 'to any man', 'et' is a grammatical marker, 'leshono' means 'his tongue'.
[JOS.10.22] And Joshua said, Open the mouth of the cave and bring out for me the five kings these from the cave. [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua pithu et pi ha-mearah ve-hotziu elai et hameshet ha-melachim ha-elle min ha-mearah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'pithu' means 'open' (imperative plural), 'et' is the direct‑object marker (untranslated), 'pi' means 'mouth', 'ha-mearah' means 'the cave', 've-hotziu' means 'and bring out', 'elai' means 'to me', 'hameshet' means 'five', 'ha-melachim' means 'the kings', 'ha-elle' means 'these', 'min' means 'from', the second 'ha-mearah' again means 'the cave'.
[JOS.10.23] And they did so, and they brought out to him the six kings these from the cave: the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon. [§]
Vayya'asu ken vayotzi'u elav et-chameshet hamelekhim ha'eleh min-hame'arah et-melekh Yerushalayim et-melekh Chevron et-melekh Yarmut et-melekh Lakish et-melekh Egloon.
'Vayya'asu' means 'and they did', 'ken' means 'so', 'vayotzi'u' means 'and they brought out', 'elav' means 'to him', 'et-chameshet' means 'the five' (used here idiomatically for six), 'hamelekhim' means 'the kings', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'min-hame'arah' means 'from the cave', 'et-melekh' means 'the king of', followed by the city names: 'Yerushalayim' (Jerusalem), 'Chevron' (Hebron), 'Yarmut' (Jarmuth), 'Lakish' (Lachish), 'Egloon' (Eglon).
[JOS.10.24] And it happened that they brought these kings to Joshua, and Joshua called all the men of Israel, and he said to the officers of the men of war, 'Come with him; draw near and place your feet upon the chariots of these kings.' So they drew near and placed their feet upon their chariots. [§]
Vayehi kehotziam et-hamelachim ha'eleh el-Yehoshua vayikra Yehoshua el-kol ish Israel vayomer el-ketzinei anshei ha-milchamah hehalchu ito kirbu simu et-ragleichem al-tzavarei ha-melachim ha'eleh vayikrevu vayassimu et-ragleihem al-tzavareihhem.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kehotziam' means 'as they brought out', 'et-hamelachim' means 'the kings', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'el-Yehoshua' means 'to Joshua' (Joshua contains the divine element YHWH, literally 'Yahveh saves'), 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'el-kol ish Israel' means 'to all the men of Israel', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el-ketzinei anshei ha-milchamah' means 'to the officers of the men of war', 'hehalchu ito' means 'they went with him', 'kirbu' means 'draw near', 'simu' means 'place', 'et-ragleichem' means 'your feet', 'al-tzavarei' means 'upon the chariots', 'ha-melachim' means 'the kings', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'vayikrevu' means 'they drew near', 'vayassimu' means 'they placed', 'et-ragleihem' means 'their feet', 'al-tzavareihhem' means 'upon their chariots'. The divine name YHWH appears in the theophoric element 'Yeh' of Yehoshua, which is rendered literally as 'Yahveh'.
[JOS.10.25] Joshua said to them, Do not be afraid and do not faint; be strong and courageous, for thus Yahveh will act toward all your enemies whom you are fighting. [§]
Vayomer aleihem Yehoshua al-tiru ve-al-techatu hizku ve-imtzu ki kahi ya'aseh Yahveh lechol oyveikhem asher atem nilchamim otam.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'aleehem' means 'to them', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'al-tiru' means 'do not be afraid', 've-al-techatu' means 'and do not be fainthearted', 'hizku' means 'be strong', 've-imtzu' means 'and be courageous', 'ki' means 'for', 'kahi' means 'thus', 'ya'aseh' means 'will do', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lechol' means 'to all', 'oyveikhem' means 'your enemies', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'nilchamim' means 'are fighting', 'otam' means 'them'.
[JOS.10.26] Joshua struck them; after that he killed them and hung them upon five trees, and they were hanging on the trees until the evening. [§]
Vayakhem Yehoshua acharei-ken vayemithem vayit'lem al chamisha etzim vayihu teluyim al-ha'etzim ad ha'arev.
'Vayakhem' means 'he struck them', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'acharei-ken' means 'after that', 'vayemithem' means 'he killed them', 'vayit'lem' means 'he hanged them', 'al' means 'upon', 'chamisha' means 'five', 'etzim' means 'trees or sticks', 'vayihu' means 'they became' or 'they were', 'teluyim' means 'hung', 'al-ha'etzim' means 'upon the trees', 'ad' means 'until', 'ha'arev' means 'the evening'.
[JOS.10.27] And it happened at the time when the sun went down Joshua ordered that they be taken down from the trees and he threw them into the cave where they had hidden there, and they placed large stones at the mouth of the cave up to this very day. [§]
Vayehi le'et bo ha'shemesh tzivah Yehoshua vayoridum me'al ha'etzim vayashlikhum el-hame'arah asher nechbeu sham vayassimu avanim gedolot al-pi hame'arah ad etzem hayom hazeh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'le'et' means 'at the time', 'bo' means 'when', 'ha'shemesh' means 'the sun', 'tzivah' means 'ordered', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'vayoridum' means 'and he brought them down', 'me'al' means 'from', 'ha'etzim' means 'the trees', 'vayashlikhum' means 'and he threw them', 'el-hame'arah' means 'into the cave', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nechbeu' means 'were hidden', 'sham' means 'there', 'vayassimu' means 'and they placed', 'avanim' means 'stones', 'gedolot' means 'large', 'al-pi' means 'at the mouth of', 'hame'arah' means 'the cave', 'ad' means 'up to', 'etzem' means 'the very', 'hayom' means 'day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[JOS.10.28] And Joshua captured Makedah that day, and he struck it with the sword, and he put its king to death, and he left no survivor of all the souls that were in it, and he did to the king of Makedah as he had done to the king of Jericho. [§]
ve'et-Makedah lakad Yehoshua ba-yom ha-hu va-yakkehah lefi-cherav ve'et-malkah hecherem otam ve'et-kol-hannefesh asher-ba lo hisheir sarid va-ya'as le-melekh Makedah ka-asher asah le-melekh Yeriho.
've' means 'and', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'Makedah' is the name of the city Makedah, 'lakad' means 'captured', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'ba' is the preposition 'in', 'yom' means 'day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'va-yakkehah' means 'and he struck it', 'lefi' means 'with the edge of', 'cherav' means 'sword', 've' again 'and', 'et' accusative, 'malkah' means 'her king', 'hecherem' means 'he put to death', 'otam' means 'them', 've' 'and', 'et' accusative, 'kol' means 'all', 'hannefesh' means 'the souls/lives', 'asher' means 'that', 'ba' means 'were in', 'lo' means 'not', 'hisheir' means 'left', 'sarid' means 'survivor', 'va-ya'as' means 'and he did', 'le-melekh' means 'to the king of', 'Makedah' the city name again, 'ka-asher' means 'as (he) who', 'asah' means 'did', 'le-melekh' means 'to the king of', 'Yeriho' is the name Jericho.
[JOS.10.29] And Joshua passed, and all Israel with him, from Makkedah to Libnah, and fought with Libnah. [§]
Vayaavor Yehoshua vechol Yisrael immo mimakkeda livna vayilachem im livna.
'Vayaavor' means 'and he passed', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'vechol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'immo' means 'with him', 'mimakkeda' means 'from Makkedah', 'livna' means 'to Libnah' (the place name), 'vayilachem' means 'and warred/fought', 'im' means 'with', the second 'livna' again refers to the place Libnah.
[JOS.10.30] And Yahveh also gave her into the hand of Israel and her king, and he struck her with the sword and all the soul that was in her; he left no remnant in her, and he made for her king as he had done to the king of Jericho. [§]
vayiten Yahveh gam-otah be-yad Yisrael ve-et-malkah vayakkeh lefi-cherav ve-et-kol-hannefesh asher-bah lo-hishair bah sarid vayaa-as le-malkah ka-asher asa le-melk Yericho.
'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'gam-otah' means 'also her', 'be-yad' means 'in the hand of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-et-malkah' means 'and her king', 'vayakkeh' means 'and he struck', 'lefi-cherav' means 'with the sword', 've-et-kol-hannefesh' means 'and all the soul', 'asher-bah' means 'that were in her', 'lo-hishair' means 'did not leave', 'bah' means 'in her', 'sarid' means 'remnant', 'vayaa-as' means 'and he made', 'le-malkah' means 'for her king', 'ka-asher' means 'as', 'asa' means 'he did', 'le-melk' means 'to the king of', 'Yericho' means 'Jericho'.
[JOS.10.31] And Joshua passed, and all Israel with him, from Lebanah to Kadesh; and he encamped against it, and he fought against it. [§]
va-ya'avor Yehoshua ve-khol Yisrael immo milivnah Lakisha va-yichan aleha va-yilachem bah.
'va-ya'avor' means 'and he passed', 'Yehoshua' is a personal name meaning 'Yahveh is salvation' (Yahveh = the divine name), 've-khol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'immo' means 'with him', 'milivnah' means 'from Lebanah', 'Lakisha' means 'to Kadesh', 'va-yichan' means 'and he encamped', 'aleha' means 'against it', 'va-yilachem' means 'and he fought', 'bah' means 'against it' (the same object).
[JOS.10.32] And Yahveh gave Lachish into the hand of Israel; they captured it on the second day and struck it with the sword, and all the souls that were in it, just as all that he had done to Lebanon. [§]
Vayitten Yahveh et Lachish be yad Yisrael vayilkedah ba yom hasheni vayakkeha lefi cherav ve et kol nefesh asher ba kechol asher asah lelivnah.
'Vayitten' means 'and gave', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH, 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Lachish' is the name of a city, 'be yad' means 'into the hand of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayilkedah' means 'and they captured it', 'ba yom hasheni' means 'on the second day', 'vayakkeha' means 'and they struck it', 'lefi cherav' means 'with the sword', 've et' means 'and the', 'kol nefesh' means 'all the souls/people', 'asher ba' means 'that were in it', 'kechol' means 'as all', 'asher asah' means 'that he had done', 'lelivnah' means 'to Lebanon'.
[JOS.10.33] Then Horam, king of Gezer, went up to help Lakish, and Yehoshua struck him and his people, until there was no survivor left for him. [§]
Az alah Horam melekh Gezer la'azor et-Lakish vayakkehu Yehoshua ve'et am-o ad bilti hisha'ir lo sarid.
'Az' means 'then', 'alah' means 'went up', 'Horam' is a personal name, 'melek' means 'king', 'Gezer' is a place name, 'la'azor' means 'to help', 'et-Lakish' means 'Lakish (object marker)', 'vayakkehu' means 'and struck him', 'Yehoshua' is a personal name, 've'et' means 'and (object marker)', 'am-o' means 'his people', 'ad' means 'until', 'bilti' means 'not', 'hisha'ir' means 'leaving', 'lo' means 'for him', 'sarid' means 'survivor' or 'remnant'.
[JOS.10.34] And Joshua passed, and all Israel with him, from Milakhish (the place of the calf), and they camped against it and fought against it. [§]
Vayaavor Yehoshua vechol Yisrael imo milakhish eglona vayachanu aleha vayilachamu aleha.
'Vayaavor' means 'and he passed', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'imo' means 'with him', 'milakhish' is a place name literalized as 'from Milakhish', 'eglona' means 'the calf' (a proper name of a location), 'vayachanu' means 'and they camped', 'aleha' means 'against it', 'vayilachamu' means 'and they fought', 'aleha' again means 'against it'.
[JOS.10.35] They seized her on that day, struck her with a sword, and burned all the life that was in her on that day, just as everything that was done at Lachish. [§]
Vayilkeduhā ba-yom hāhu vayakkūhā le-fi-cherav ve-et kol ha-nefesh asher bāh ba-yom hāhu he‑cherim ke‑khol asher asa le‑Lakhish.
'Vayilkeduhā' means 'they seized her', 'ba‑yom hāhu' means 'on that day', 'vayakkūhā' means 'they struck her', 'le‑fi‑cherav' means 'with the edge of a sword', 've‑et' is the object marker, 'kol ha‑nefesh' means 'all the soul/life', 'asher bāh' means 'that was in her', 'he‑cherim' means 'they burned', 'ke‑khol' means 'as all/everything', 'asher asa' means 'that was done', 'le‑Lakhish' means 'to/at Lachish' (a city).
[JOS.10.36] And Joshua and all Israel with him went up from the camp of Chevronah and fought against it. [§]
Vaya'al Yehoshua vechol Yisrael imo me'eglon chevrona vayillaḥamu aleha.
'Vaya'al' means 'and he went up', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'vechol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'imo' means 'with him', 'me'eglon' means 'from the camp/encampment', 'chevrona' is a place name meaning 'Chevronah' (the encampment), 'vayillaḥamu' means 'and they fought', 'aleha' means 'against it' or 'upon it'.
[JOS.10.37] And they took her and struck her with a sword, and her king and all her cities and all the souls that were in her; they left no survivor, just as they had done to Aglon; and they destroyed her and all the souls that were in her. [§]
vayilkeduha vayakukuha lefi chereb ve'et malkah ve'et kol areyah ve'et kol hanefesh asher ba lo hishair sarid kechol asher asah leeglon vayacharem otah ve'et kol hanefesh asher ba.
'vayilkeduha' means 'and they took her', 'vayakukuha' means 'and they struck her', 'lefi chereb' means 'with a sword', 've'et malkah' means 'and her king', 've'et kol areyah' means 'and all her cities', 've'et kol hanefesh' means 'and all the souls', 'asher ba' means 'that were in her', 'lo hishair' means 'did not leave', 'sarid' means 'a survivor', 'kechol' means 'as [in] all', 'asher asah' means 'that (they) did', 'leeglon' means 'to Aglon', 'vayacharem' means 'and they destroyed', 'otah' means 'her', the final 've'et kol hanefesh' and 'asher ba' repeat 'and all the souls that were in her'.
[JOS.10.38] And Joshua turned back, and all Israel with him, the word, and he fought against it. [§]
vayashav Yehoshua vechol Yisrael immo devirah vayilachem aleha.
'vayashav' means 'and he turned/returned', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'vechol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'immo' means 'with him', 'devirah' means 'the word' (from 'davar'), 'vayilachem' means 'and he fought', 'aleha' means 'against it/her'.
[JOS.10.39] And they captured it, its king, and all its cities; they struck them with the sword, burned all the souls that were in it, leaving no survivor, as he did to Chebron. So he did to Debir and its king, and as he did to Lebanon and its king. [§]
Vayilkedah ve'et-malkah ve'et-kol-areiha vayakum lefi-cherav vayacharimu et-kol-nefesh asher-bah lo hishair sarid ka'asher asa lechebron ken-asa lidvirah ulemalkah veka'asher asa lelivnah ulemalkah.
'Vayilkedah' means 'and (they) captured it', 've'et-malkah' means 'and its king', 've'et-kol-areiha' means 'and all its cities', 'vayakum' means 'and they struck them', 'lefi-cherav' means 'with the sword', 'vayacharimu' means 'and they burned', 'et-kol-nefesh' means 'all the souls', 'asher-bah' means 'that were in it', 'lo' means 'not', 'hishair' means 'left', 'sarid' means 'a survivor', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'asa' means 'he did', 'lechebron' means 'to Chebron', 'ken-asa' means 'so he did', 'lidvirah' means 'to Debir', 'ulemalkah' means 'and its king', 'veka'asher' means 'and as', 'lelivnah' means 'to Lebanon', the final 'ulemalkah' again means 'and its king'.
[JOS.10.40] And Joshua struck all the land, the hills, the valley, the lowland, and the Philistines, and all their kings; he left not a survivor, and he burned all the souls, as Yahveh God of Israel commanded. [§]
Vayakkeh Yehoshua et-kol ha-aretz ha-har ve-hanegev ve-hashphela ve-ha-ashedot ve-et kol-malkhehem lo hishier sarid ve-et kol-haneshamah hecherim ka'asher tzivah Yahveh Elohei Yisrael.
'Vayakkeh' means 'and he struck', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land', 'ha-har' means 'the hills', 've-hanegev' means 'and the valley', 've-hashphela' means 'and the lowland', 've-ha-ashedot' means 'and the Philistines', 've-et' means 'and', 'kol-malkhehem' means 'all their kings', 'lo' means 'not', 'hishi er' (hishi’er) means 'left any remaining', 'sarid' means 'survivor', 've-et' means 'and', 'kol-haneshamah' means 'all the souls', 'hecherim' means 'he burned', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'God of', and 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.10.41] And Joshua struck them from Kadesh Barnea to Azah, and all the land of Goshen, and to Gibeon. [§]
Vayakkem Yehoshua miKadesh Barnea ve'ad-Azah ve'et kol-eretz Goshen ve'ad-Givon.
'Vayakkem' means 'And he struck', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'miKadesh' means 'from Kadesh', 'Barnea' is the place name Barnea, 've'ad-Azah' means 'and to Azah', 've'et' is a conjunctive particle meaning 'and' (object marker), 'kol-eretz' means 'all the land', 'Goshen' is the place name Goshen, 've'ad-Givon' means 'and to Gibeon'.
[JOS.10.42] And all these kings and their land Joshua captured once because Yahveh the Gods of Israel fought for Israel. [§]
ve'et kol ha-melachim ha'eleh ve'et artzam lakad Yehoshua pa'am echat ki Yahveh Elohei Yisrael nilcham leYisrael.
've'et' means 'and (the direct object marker)', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-melachim' means 'the kings', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 've'et' again means 'and (the direct object marker)', 'artzam' means 'their land', 'lakad' means 'captured' or 'seized', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'pa'am' means 'once' or 'one time', 'echat' means 'once/one', 'ki' means 'because', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'the Gods of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'nilcham' means 'waged war against' or 'fought', 'leYisrael' means 'for Israel'.
[JOS.10.43] And Joshua and all Israel with him returned to the camp at Gilgal. [§]
Vayashav Yehoshua vechol Yisrael imo el hamachaneh hagilgala.
'Vayashav' means 'and he returned'; 'Yehoshua' means 'Yahweh is salvation', with the divine element 'Yah' representing the name YHVH which is rendered as 'Yahveh' in translation; 'vechol' means 'and all'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'imo' means 'with him'; 'el' means 'to'; 'hamachaneh' means 'the camp' (the gathering place for worship); 'hagilgala' means 'the Gilgal', a place name meaning 'the circle' or 'rolling'.
JOS.11
[JOS.11.1] And it happened, when Yabin king of Hazor heard, he sent to Joab king of Madon, and to king of Shimron, and to king of Akshaph. [§]
Vayehi kishmo'a Yabin melek Chatzor vayishlach el Yobav melek Madon ve'el melek Shimron ve'el melek Akshaph.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kishmo'a' means 'when (he) heard', 'Yabin' is a proper name meaning 'Yabin', 'melek' means 'king', 'Chatzor' is the city name 'Hazor', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'el' means 'to', 'Yobav' is the name 'Joab', 'melek Madon' means 'king of Madon', 've'el' means 'and to', 'melek Shimron' means 'king of Shimron', 've'el' again means 'and to', 'melek Akshaph' means 'king of Akshaph'.
[JOS.11.2] And to the kings who are from the north, in the mountain and in the desert, the south, harps, and in the lowland, and the wings of a generation from the sea. [§]
ve'el ha-melachim asher mitzpon ba-har u-va-aravah Negev kinorot u-ba-shpela u-ve-nafot dor mi-yam.
've'el' means 'and to', 'ha-melachim' means 'the kings', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'mitzpon' means 'from the north', 'ba-har' means 'in the mountain', 'u-va-aravah' means 'and in the desert', 'Negev' means 'the south', 'kinorot' means 'harps' (or stringed instruments), 'u-ba-shpela' means 'and in the lowland', 'u-ve-nafot' means 'and in the wings', 'dor' means 'generation' or 'offspring', 'mi-yam' means 'from the sea'.
[JOS.11.3] The Canaanite from the east and the sea, and the Amorite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Jebusite in the hill, and the Hivite under Hermon in the land of the north. [§]
haKnaani mimizrah umiyam vahaAmori vahaChiti vahaPerizzi vahaYevusi baHar vahaChivi tachat Chermon beEretz haMitzpah.
'haKnaani' means 'the Canaanite', 'mimizrah' means 'from the east', 'umiyam' means 'and (from) the sea', 'vahaAmori' means 'and the Amorite', 'vahaChiti' means 'and the Hittite', 'vahaPerizzi' means 'and the Perizzite', 'vahaYevusi' means 'and the Jebusite', 'baHar' means 'in the hill', 'vahaChivi' means 'and the Hivite', 'tachat' means 'under', 'Chermon' is a proper name (Mount Hermon), 'beEretz' means 'in the land', 'haMitzpah' means 'of the north'.
[JOS.11.4] They and all their camps went out with them, a great multitude like the sand on the sea shore, very many, and many horses and chariots, exceedingly many. [§]
vayetzeu hem vechol-machanehem imam am rav kakhol asher al-sfat-hayam larob ve-sus va-rekeb rav-meod
'vayetzeu' means 'they went out', 'hem' means 'they', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'machanehem' means 'their camps', 'imam' means 'with them', 'am' means 'people', 'rav' means 'great', 'kakhol' means 'like the sand', 'asher' means 'that', 'al' means 'on', 'sfat' means 'shore', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'larob' means 'greatly', 've-sus' means 'and horses', 'va-rekeb' means 'and chariots', 'rav-meod' means 'very many'.
[JOS.11.5] And they gathered all these kings and they came and camped together at the waters of Merom to fight with Israel. [§]
Vayiva'adu kol ha-melachim ha-elle vayavo'u vayachannu yachdav el-mei Merom le-hilachem im Yisrael.
'Vayiva'adu' means 'and they gathered/assembled', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-melachim' means 'the kings', 'ha-elle' means 'these', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'vayachannu' means 'and they camped', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'el-mei' means 'to the waters of', 'Merom' is a place name, 'le-hilachem' means 'to fight', 'im' means 'with', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.11.6] And Yahveh said to Joshua, do not be afraid before them, for tomorrow at this time I will give all of them as spoil before Israel; I will break their horses and I will burn their chariots with fire. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Yehoshua al tira mipnehem ki mahar ka et hazot anochi noten et kulam chalalim lifnei Yisrael et suseiham teaker ve et markavothem tishrof baesh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH meaning the divine name, 'el-Yehoshua' means 'to Joshua', 'al tira' means 'do not be afraid', 'mipnehem' means 'before them', 'ki' means 'because', 'mahar' means 'tomorrow', 'ka et hazot' means 'at this time', 'anochi' means 'I', 'noten' means 'will give', 'et kulam' means 'all of them', 'chalalim' means 'as spoil', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yisrael' is the name of Israel, 'et suseiham' means 'their horses', 'teaker' means 'I will break', 've et markavothem' means 'and their chariots', 'tishrof' means 'I will burn', 'baesh' means 'with fire'.
[JOS.11.7] And Joshua came and all the war band with him against them over the high waters suddenly and they fell there. [§]
Va-yavo Yehoshua ve-kol-am ha-milchamah immo al-hem al-mei merom pitom va-yiplu bahem.
'Va-yavo' means 'and came', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 've-kol-am' means 'and all the people', 'ha-milchamah' means 'of war' (the war band), 'immo' means 'with him', 'al-hem' means 'against them' or 'upon them', 'al-mei' means 'over the waters', 'merom' means 'high' or 'lofty', 'pitom' means 'suddenly', 'va-yiplu' means 'and they fell', 'bahem' means 'in them' or 'there'.
[JOS.11.8] And Yahveh gave them into the hand of Israel, and they struck them, and they pursued them to great Sidon, and to the burning waters, and to the opening of Mitzpeh eastward, and they struck them until there was none left for them, a remnant. [§]
vayittenem Yahveh beyd-Israel vayakkum vayirdfumm ad-Tsidon raba ve'ad mishrefot mayim ve'ad bikat Mitzpeh mizracha vayakkum ad-bilti hisair-lem sarid
'vayittenem' means 'and he gave them', 'Yahveh' means 'YHWH', 'beyad-Israel' means 'into the hand of Israel', 'vayakkum' means 'and they struck them', 'vayirdfumm' means 'and they pursued them', 'ad-Tsidon' means 'to Sidon', 'raba' means 'great', 've'ad' means 'and to', 'mishrefot' means 'burning', 'mayim' means 'waters', 've'ad' means 'and to', 'bikat' means 'the opening of', 'Mitzpeh' means 'Mitzpeh', 'mizracha' means 'to the east', 'vayakkum' means 'and they struck them', 'ad-bilti' means 'until none', 'hisair-lem' means 'left for them', 'sarid' means 'remnant'.
[JOS.11.9] And Joshua made for them as Yahveh had said: he burned their horses and their chariots in fire. [§]
Vayya'as lahem Yehoshua ka'asher amar-lo Yahveh et-suseihem iqqer ve-et-markevoteihem saraf ba'esh.
'Vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'amar-lo' means 'he said to him', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'et-suseihem' means 'their horses', 'iqqer' means 'burn', 've-et-markevoteihem' means 'and their chariots', 'saraf' means 'he burned', 'ba'esh' means 'in fire'.
[JOS.11.10] And Joshua returned at that time and seized Hazor and its king, he struck him with the sword, because Hazor formerly was the head of all these kingdoms. [§]
Vayashuv Yehoshua ba'et hahee vayilkod et-Chatzor ve'et malchah hiqqah becheret ki Chatzor lefaním hi rosh kol ha-mamlachot ha-eleh.
'Vayashuv' means 'and he returned', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'ba'et' means 'at the time', 'hahee' means 'that (specific) one', 'vayilkod' means 'and he seized', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Chatzor' means 'Hazor' (a city), 've'et' means 'and (the) (object)', 'malchah' means 'its king', 'hiqqah' means 'he struck', 'becheret' means 'with a sword', 'ki' means 'because', 'lefaním' means 'formerly' or 'in former times', 'hi' means 'it', 'rosh' means 'head' or 'chief', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-mamlachot' means 'the kingdoms', 'ha-eleh' means 'these'.
[JOS.11.11] They killed every living being that was in it by the sword of destruction; no breath was left, and the firebrand burned in fire. [§]
vayyakhu et kol hanefesh asher ba lefi cherav hacharem lo notar kol neshama ve et chatzor saraf ba esh
'vayyakhu' means 'they struck' or 'they killed', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'kol' means 'all', 'hanefesh' means 'the soul' or 'the living being', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'ba' means 'in it', 'lefi' means 'according to' or 'by the edge of', 'cherav' means 'sword', 'hacharem' is a construct form meaning 'of destruction' or 'of the ban', 'lo' means 'not', 'notar' means 'was left', 'kol' again 'any', 'neshama' means 'breath' or 'life', 've' is a conjunction 'and', 'et' again the object marker, 'chatzor' means 'firebrand' or 'torch', 'saraf' means 'burned', 'ba' means 'in' or 'by', 'esh' means 'fire'.
[JOS.11.12] And all the cities of the kings these and all their kings Joshua killed and he struck them with the blazing sword as Moses commanded, the servant of Yahveh. [§]
ve'et kol arei ha-melachim ha-elle ve'et kol malcheihem lakad Yehoshua vayakkem lefi cherev hecherim otam ka'asher tzivah Moshe eved Yahveh.
"ve'et" means "and [the object marker]", "kol" means "all", "arei" means "cities", "ha-melachim" means "the kings", "ha-elle" means "these", "ve'et" again is "and [the object marker]", "kol" again "all", "malcheihem" means "their kings", "lakad" means "killed", "Yehoshua" is the proper name Joshua, "vayakkem" means "and he struck", "lefi" means "with the sword of", "cherev" means "sword", "hecherim" means "blazing" or "flaming", "otam" means "them", "ka'asher" means "as", "tzivah" means "he commanded", "Moshe" is the proper name Moses, "eved" means "servant", and "Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH.
[JOS.11.13] Only all the cities that stand on Tilam Israel did not burn them; except me, Joshua burned Hazor alone. [§]
rak kol-he'arim ha'omdot al-tilam lo sharafam Yisrael zulati et-chatzor levadah saraf Yehoshua.
'rak' means 'only', 'kol' means 'all', 'he'arim' means 'the cities', 'ha''omdot' means 'that stand', 'al' means 'on', 'tilam' is a place name, 'lo' means 'not', 'sharafam' means 'they burned', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'zulati' means 'except me', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'chatzor' means 'Hazor (a city)', 'levadah' means 'alone' or 'by itself', 'saraf' means 'burned', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua'.
[JOS.11.14] All the plunder of these cities and the livestock the children of Israel seized for themselves; they killed every man with the sword until they destroyed them, leaving no soul alive. [§]
vechol shelal ha'arim ha'eleh vehabhemah bazzu lahem bnei Yisrael rak et kol haadam hiku lefi cherav ad hishmidam otam lo hishairu kol neshama.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'shelal' means 'the spoil', 'ha'arim' means 'of the cities', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'vehabhemah' means 'and the livestock', 'bazzu' means 'they seized', 'lahem' means 'for themselves', 'bnei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'rak' means 'only', 'et kol haadam' means 'all the men', 'hiku' means 'they killed', 'lefi cherav' means 'by the sword', 'ad hishmidam' means 'until they destroyed them', 'otam' emphasizes 'them', 'lo hishairu' means 'they left none', 'kol neshama' means 'any soul'.
[JOS.11.15] Just as Yahveh commanded Moses his servant, so Moses commanded Joshua, and likewise Joshua did not remove a word from all that Yahveh had commanded Moses. [§]
ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et Moshe avdo ken tzivah Moshe et Yehoshua ve'ken asah Yehoshua lo hesir davar mikol asher tzivah Yahveh et Moshe.
'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'avdo' means 'his servant', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', the second 'tzivah' again means 'commanded', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 've'ken' means 'and likewise', 'asah' means 'did', 'lo' means 'not', 'hesir' means 'removed' or 'took away', 'davar' means 'word' or 'matter', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'asher' means 'that which', and the final 'tzivah' and 'Yahveh' repeat earlier meanings.
[JOS.11.16] And Joshua took all this land, the mountain, and all the Negev, and all the land of Goshen, and the Shpela, and the Arabah, and the mountain of Israel and its Shpela. [§]
Vayikach Yehoshua et-kol ha-aretz hazot ha-har ve-et kol ha-Negev ve-et kol eretz ha-Goshen ve-et ha-shpela ve-et ha-Arava ve-et har Yisrael u-shpelo.
'Vayikach' means 'and took', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land', 'hazot' means 'this', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 've-et' means 'and', 'ha-Negev' means 'the Negev (southern region)', 'ha-Goshen' means 'the Goshen (land in the north)', 'ha-shpela' means 'the Shpela (lowland or plain)', 'ha-Arava' means 'the Arabah (a desert plain)', 'har Yisrael' means 'the mountain of Israel', 'u-shpelo' means 'and its Shpela (its lowland)'.
[JOS.11.17] From the divided mountain the rising goat and up to Baal Gad in the valley of Lebanon beneath Mount Hermon and all their kings I seized and struck them and killed them. [§]
min ha-har hechalak ha-oleh se'ir ve'ad Baal Gad beviqa'at ha-Levanon tachat har-Chermon ve'et kol-malkhehem lakad vayakkem vayemitam.
'min' means 'from', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'hechalak' means 'the divided', 'ha-oleh' means 'the rising/upgoing', 'se'ir' means 'goat', 've'ad' means 'and up to', 'Baal' is the name Baal, 'Gad' is the place name Gad, 'beviqa'at' means 'in the valley of', 'ha-Levanon' means 'Lebanon', 'tachat' means 'under', 'har' means 'mountain', 'Chermon' means 'Hermon', 've'et' is a conjunction meaning 'and' (accusative particle), 'kol' means 'all', 'malkhehem' means 'their kings', 'lakad' means 'I seized', 'vayakkem' means 'and I struck them', 'vayemitam' means 'and I killed them'.
[JOS.11.18] Joshua made war against all these kings for many days. [§]
Yamim rabbim asah Yehoshua et-kol ha-melakhim ha-elle milchamah.
'Yamim' means 'days', 'rabbim' means 'many' or 'much', 'asah' means 'made' or 'did', 'Yehoshua' is the proper name 'Joshua', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-melakhim' means 'the kings', 'ha-elle' means 'these', and 'milchamah' means 'war' or 'battle'.
[JOS.11.19] There was no city that exiled toward the children of Israel without the Hivite inhabitants of Gibeon; they took everything in war. [§]
Lo hayta ir asher hishlima el-bnei Yisrael bilti hachivi yoshvei Gibon et-hacol lakhu ba-milchamah.
'Lo' means 'not', 'hayta' means 'was', 'ir' means 'city', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hishlima' means 'exiled' or 'sent away', 'el' means 'to/toward', 'bnei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'bilti' means 'without', 'hachivi' means 'the Hivite', 'yoshvei' means 'inhabitants of', 'Gibon' means 'Gibeon', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hacol' means 'everything', 'lakhu' means 'they took', 'ba-milchamah' means 'in war'.
[JOS.11.20] For from Yahveh it became to strengthen their heart for gathering the battle of Israel for the purpose of their destruction without prayer for them, because for the purpose of their extermination as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
Ki me'et Yahveh haytah lechazek et-libam likrat ha milchamah et-Yisrael lema'an ha charimam levilti heyot-hem techinah ki lema'an ha shmidam ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et-Moshe.
'Ki' means 'for', 'me'et' means 'from the hand of', 'Yahveh' is the divine name, 'haytah' means 'became', 'lechazek' means 'to strengthen', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'libam' means 'their heart', 'likrat' means 'for the gathering', 'ha milchamah' means 'the battle', 'et-Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'ha charimam' means 'their destruction', 'levilti' means 'without', 'heyot-hem' means 'being for them', 'techinah' means 'prayer', 'ki' means 'because', 'lema'an' again 'for the sake of', 'ha shmidam' means 'their extermination', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'et-Moshe' means 'to Moses'.
[JOS.11.21] And Joshua came at that time and cut off the Anakites from the mountain, from Hebron, from Debir, from Enav, and from all the hill country of Judah and from all the hill country of Israel; with their towns he destroyed them, Joshua. [§]
vayavo yehoshu'a ba'et hahi vayakret et-hanaqim min-hahar min-chevron min-devir min-anav u-mikol har yehudah u-mikol har yisrael im-areihem hecherimam yehoshu'a
'vayavo' means 'and came', 'yehoshu'a' means 'Joshua', 'ba'et' means 'at the time', 'hahi' means 'that', 'vayakret' means 'and cut off', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hanaqim' means 'the Anakites', 'min' means 'from', 'hahar' means 'the mountain', 'chevron' is a place name 'Hebron', 'devir' is a place name 'Debir', 'anav' is a place name 'Enav', 'u-mikol' means 'and from all', 'har' means 'the hill', 'yehudah' means 'Judah', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'im-areihem' means 'with their towns', 'hecherimam' means 'he destroyed them'.
[JOS.11.22] No giants remain in the land of the children of Israel; only in Gaza, in Gath, and in Ashdod remain. [§]
Lo notar anaqim be eretz b'nei Yisrael rak be'Azza be'Gat u've'Ashdod nisharu.
'Lo' means 'not', 'notar' means 'remained' or 'left', 'anaqim' means 'giants', 'be' means 'in', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons/children', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'rak' means 'only', 'be'Azza' means 'in Gaza', 'be'Gat' means 'in Gath', 'u've'Ashdod' means 'and in Ashdod', 'nisharu' means 'remain' or 'are left'.
[JOS.11.23] And Joshua took all the land just as Yahveh had spoken to Moses, and Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel according to their portions to their tribes, and the land was quiet from war. [§]
vayikach Yehoshua et kol haaretz kechol asher diber Yahveh el Moshe vayyitnah Yehoshua lenachala leYisrael kemachlokotam leshivtehem vehaaretz shaketa mimilchama.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'kechol' means 'as all' or 'just as', 'asher' means 'that which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayyitnah' means 'and he gave it', 'lenachala' means 'as an inheritance', 'leYisrael' means 'to Israel', 'kemachlokotam' means 'according to their portions', 'leshivtehem' means 'to their tribes', 'vehaaretz' means 'and the land', 'shaketa' means 'was quiet', 'mimilchama' means 'from war'.
JOS.12
[JOS.12.1] And these are the kings of the land who struck down the children of Israel and took over their land beyond the Jordan east of the sun, from the stream Arnon to Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah eastward. [§]
ve-eleh malchei haaretz asher hiku bnei Yisrael va-yirshu et-aretzam be-ever ha-yarden mizracha ha-shemesh min-nachal Arnon ad har Hermon ve-khol ha-aravah mizrachah.
've' means 'and', 'eleh' means 'these', 'malchei' means 'kings of', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'hiku' means 'they struck down', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'va-yirshu' means 'and they inherited' or 'took over', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'aretzam' means 'their land', 'be-ever' means 'beyond', 'ha-yarden' means 'the Jordan', 'mizracha' means 'east', 'ha-shemesh' means 'the sun', 'min' means 'from', 'nachal' means 'stream' or 'brook', 'Arnon' is a proper name, 'ad' means 'to', 'har' means 'mountain', 'Hermon' is a proper name, 've' means 'and', 'khol' means 'all', 'ha-aravah' means 'the Arabah (a desert valley)', 'mizrachah' means 'eastward'. The translation renders each term literally, preserving the geographic and narrative details.
[JOS.12.2] Sihon the Amorite king who dwells in Heshbon rules from Aroer, which is on the bank of the Arnon stream, and within the valley, and the half of Gilead, and up to the Jabbok stream, the border of the children of Ammon. [§]
Sihon melech haamori hayoshev beHeshbon moshel meAroer asher al-sfat nachal Arnon vetoch hanachal vachatzi haGilad vead yabboq hanachal gevul bnei Ammon.
'Sihon' is a proper name, 'melech' means 'king', 'haamori' means 'the Amorite', 'hayoshev' means 'who dwells', 'beHeshbon' means 'in Heshbon', 'moshel' means 'rules' or 'governs', 'meAroer' means 'from Aroer', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'al-sfat nachal' means 'on the bank of the stream', 'Arnon' is the name of a river, 'vetoch hanachal' means 'and within the valley/stream', 'vachatzi haGilad' means 'and the half of Gilead', 'vead yabboq hanachal' means 'and up to the Jabbok stream', 'gevul' means 'border', 'bnei Ammon' means 'the children of Ammon'.
[JOS.12.3] And the desert to the sea of lamps east, and to the sea of the desert, the salty sea east, the way of the house of the upright, and from the right under the ash spots of the fence. [§]
veha'aravah ad yam kinrot mizrachah ve'ad yam ha'aravah yam hamelach mizrachah derekh beit hayeshimot u-mitteiman tachat ashdot hapisgah.
'veha'aravah' means 'and the desert', 'ad' means 'to', 'yam' means 'sea', 'kinrot' means 'candles' (lit. lamps), 'mizrachah' means 'east', 've'ad' means 'and to', 'ha'aravah' means 'the desert', 'yam hamelach' means 'the salty sea', 'derekh' means 'way' or 'road', 'beit' means 'house', 'hayeshimot' means 'the upright' (i.e., the just), 'u-mitteiman' means 'and from the right', 'tachat' means 'under', 'ashdot' means 'ash places' or 'ash spots', 'hapisgah' means 'the fence' or 'border'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special name translation is needed.
[JOS.12.4] And the border of Og, king of Bashan, beyond the healers, who dwells in the pillars and in the wilderness. [§]
Ugebul og melech habashan miyeter harepaiim hayyoshev be'astrot uve'edrei.
'Ugebul' means 'and the border', 'og' is the proper name Og, 'melech' means 'king', 'habashan' means 'of Bashan', 'miyeter' means 'beyond' or 'more than', 'harepaiim' means 'the healers' (physicians), 'hayyoshev' means 'who dwells' or 'who sits', 'be'astrot' means 'in the pillars' (literally 'in the staffs'), 'uve'edrei' means 'and in the wilderness' or 'in the wild places'.
[JOS.12.5] And its border extends to Mount Hermon, to Salcah, and to the whole region of Bashan, up to the boundary of the Geshurites and the Maachites, and the half of Gilead, the boundary of Sihon, king of Heshbon. [§]
Umoshel behar Hermon uvesalkah uvechol habashan ad-gevul hageshuri vehaMaachati vachtzi haggilad gevul Sichon Melech Chesvon.
'Umoshel' means 'and its border', 'behar' means 'in the mountain', 'Hermon' is the name of a mountain, 'uvesalkah' means 'and to Salcah' (a place name), 'uvechol' means 'and to all', 'habashan' means 'the Bashan region', 'ad' means 'up to', 'gevul' means 'boundary', 'hageshuri' means 'the Geshurites' (people of Geshur), 'vehaMaachati' means 'and the Maachites' (people of Maachah), 'vachtzi' means 'and the half', 'haggilad' means 'of Gilead' (region), 'gevul Sichon' means 'the boundary of Sihon', 'Melech' means 'king', 'Chesvon' is the name of the city Heshbon.
[JOS.12.6] Moses, servant of Yahveh, and the children of Israel struck them, and he gave it; Moses, servant of Yahveh, as inheritance to the Reubenites, to the Gadites, and to the half‑tribe of Manasseh. [§]
Moshe eved Yahveh u'vnei Yisrael hikoom vayittenah Moshe eved Yahveh yerusha laruvbeni ve'lagadi ve'lahetzi shevet hamnasseh.
'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'u'vnei' means 'and the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hikoom' means 'they struck them', 'vayittenah' means 'and he gave it', 'yerusha' means 'inheritance', 'laruvbeni' means 'to the Reubenites', 've'lagadi' means 'and to the Gadites', 've'lahetzi' means 'and to the half', 'shevet' means 'tribe', 'hamnasseh' means 'of Manasseh'.
[JOS.12.7] And these are the kings of the land which Yahveh saves struck Joshua and the children of Israel across the Jordan to the south from Baal Gad in the valley of Lebanon and up to the divided mountain that rises Se'irah, and Yahveh saves gave it to the tribes of Israel as their inheritance according to their allotments. [§]
ve'eleh malchei ha'aretz asher hika Yehoshua u'venei Yisrael be'ever haYarden yamah miBa'al Gad beviqa'at haLevanon ve'ad ha-har hechalk ha'oleh Se'irah vayitnah Yehoshua le'shibtei Yisrael yerusha k'machal'kotam.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'malchei' means 'kings of', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hika' means 'struck', 'Yehoshua' is a theophoric name containing YHWH and literally means 'Yahveh saves', 'u'venei' means 'and the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'be'ever' means 'across', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'yamah' means 'south', 'miBa'al' means 'from Baal', 'Gad' is a place name, 'beviqa'at' means 'in the valley of', 'haLevanon' means 'the Lebanon', 've'ad' means 'and up to', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'hechalk' means 'the divided', 'ha'oleh' means 'that rises', 'Se'irah' is a place name, 'vayitnah' means 'and he gave it', 'le'shibtei' means 'to the tribes of', 'yerusha' means 'inheritance', 'k'machal'kotam' means 'according to their shareings'. The divine name YHWH appears within 'Yehoshua' and is rendered as 'Yahveh' per the translation rule.
[JOS.12.8] In the mountain and in the lowland and in the Arabah and in Ashdod and in the desert and in the Negeb, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. [§]
ba har uva shephela uva aravah uva ashdot uva midbar uva negav ha chiti ha emori ve ha knaani ha perizzi ha chivi ve ha yevusi.
'ba' means 'in the', 'har' means 'mountain', 'uva' means 'and in the', 'shephela' means 'lowland', 'aravah' means 'Arabah (the plain)', 'ashdot' means 'Ashdod (a city)', 'midbar' means 'desert', 'negav' means 'Negeb (southern region)', 'ha chiti' means 'the Hittite', 'ha emori' means 'the Amorite', 've' means 'and', 'ha knaani' means 'the Canaanite', 'ha perizzi' means 'the Perizzite', 'ha chivi' means 'the Hivite', 'ha yevusi' means 'the Jebusite'.
[JOS.12.9] One king of Jericho, one king of Ai, who is from beside the house of God, one. [§]
Melech Yericho echad Melech ha'ai asher-mitsad beit-El echad.
'Melech' means 'king', 'Yericho' is the city of Jericho, 'echad' means 'one', 'ha'ai' means 'the Ai' (another city), 'asher' means 'who', 'mitsad' means 'from beside' or 'by the side of', 'beit-El' means 'house of El' where 'El' is translated as 'God', and the final 'echad' again means 'one'.
[JOS.12.10] One king of Jerusalem, one king of Hebron. [§]
Melekh Yerushalayim ekhad, melek Hevron ekhad.
'Melekh' means 'king', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'ekhad' means 'one', 'Hevron' means 'Hebron'. The structure repeats the phrase 'one king' for two cities.
[JOS.12.11] One king of Ramoth, one king of Lachish. [§]
Melekh Yarmuth echad melekh Lachish echad.
'Melekh' means 'king', 'Yarmuth' is the place name Ramoth, 'echad' means 'one', 'Lachish' is the place name Lachish. The phrase repeats the pattern of stating a single king for each location.
[JOS.12.12] One king of Eglon, one king of Gezer. [§]
Melek Eglon echad melek Gezer echad.
'Melek' means 'king', 'Eglon' is a proper name of a city, 'echad' means 'one', the second 'Melek' again means 'king', 'Gezer' is a proper name of a city, and the final 'echad' again means 'one'. The phrase lists one king for each of the two cities.
[JOS.12.13] One king of the sanctuary, one king of the fence. [§]
Melekh dvir echad melek geder echad.
'Melekh' means 'king', 'dvir' means 'inner sanctuary' or 'holy of holies', 'echad' means 'one', 'geder' means 'fence' or 'enclosure'.
[JOS.12.14] One king of Charmah, one king of Arad. [§]
Melekh Charmah echad, Melekh Arad echad.
'Melekh' means 'king', 'Charmah' is a proper name of a place, 'echad' means 'one'. The phrase 'Melekh Charmah echad' therefore means 'one king of Charmah', and 'Melekh Arad echad' means 'one king of Arad'.
[JOS.12.15] One king over his children, one king over their inheritance. [§]
Melekh livnah echad melek adullam echad.
'Melekh' means 'king'. 'livnah' is the construct form of 'livneh' meaning 'of his children' (livneh = children, -ah = his). 'echad' means 'one'. The second 'Melekh' again means 'king'. 'adullam' is a plural noun meaning 'their inheritance' or 'their portion' (from the root that denotes a share or allotted part). The final 'echad' again means 'one'.
[JOS.12.16] One is the king of Makeda, one is the king of the house of God. [§]
Melech Makeda echad Melech Beit-El echad.
'Melech' means 'king', 'Makeda' is a proper name (the queen of Sheba), 'echad' means 'one', the second 'Melech' again means 'king', 'Beit-El' is a compound where 'Beit' means 'house' and 'El' (according to the given rule) means 'God', and the final 'echad' again means 'one'.
[JOS.12.17] One king of apple, one king of pepper. [§]
Melekh tappuach echad melek cheper echad.
'Melekh' means 'king', 'tappuach' means 'apple', 'echad' means 'one', the second 'Melekh' again means 'king', 'cheper' means 'pepper' (a type of spice), and the final 'echad' again means 'one'.
[JOS.12.18] One king, Afeq; one king of Sharon. [§]
Melech Afeq echad Melech Lasharon echad.
'Melech' means 'king', 'Afeq' is a proper name, 'echad' means 'one', the second 'Melech' again means 'king', 'Lasharon' means 'of Sharon' (Sharon being a place name), the final 'echad' means 'one'.
[JOS.12.19] One king of Midian, one king of Chatzor. [§]
Melekh Madon echad melek Chatzor echad.
'Melekh' means 'king', 'Madon' is a proper name referring to Midian, 'echad' means 'one', 'Chatzor' is a proper name of a region or people often rendered as Chatzor, and the phrase repeats the structure: 'king of Madon one; king of Chatzor one.' The parallelism emphasizes that there is a single ruler for each of the two groups.
[JOS.12.20] King Shimron Meravon one, King Akshaf one. [§]
Melech Shimron Meravon echad, Melech Akshaf echad.
'Melech' means 'king'. 'Shimron' is a proper name (a place or person) and is left as Shimron. 'Meravon' is a proper name and is left as Meravon. 'echad' means 'one'. The second clause repeats 'Melech' (king), 'Akshaf' (a proper name) and 'echad' (one).
[JOS.12.21] King, you will answer one; king of Megiddo, one. [§]
Melekh ta'anakh echad; melekh Megiddo echad.
'Melekh' means 'king', 'ta'anakh' is the verb 'you will answer' (second‑person masculine singular), 'echad' means 'one', and 'Megiddo' is a proper name of a city used here in the genitive sense 'of Megiddo'. The semicolon separates the two parallel clauses.
[JOS.12.22] One holy king, one king Yaknaam to Carmel. [§]
Melekh Qedesh Echad Melekh-Yaknaam Lakarmel Echad.
'Melekh' means 'king', 'Qedesh' means 'holy', 'Echad' means 'one', 'Melekh-Yaknaam' means 'king Yaknaam' (a proper name), 'Lakarmel' means 'to Carmel', the second 'Echad' again means 'one'.
[JOS.12.23] King of a generation to the fallen generation one, king of nations to roll one. [§]
Melekh Dor le'nafat Dor echad Melekh-goyim legilgal echad.
'Melekh' means 'king'. 'Dor' means 'generation' or 'age'. 'le'nafat' is a construct form of the verb *nafa* meaning 'to fall' or 'to be cast down', thus rendered 'to the fallen'. The second 'Dor' repeats 'generation'. 'echad' means 'one'. 'Melekh-goyim' is a compound meaning 'king of nations'. 'legilgal' comes from the root *galal* meaning 'to roll' or 'to turn around', here taken as 'to roll' or 'to turn'. The final 'echad' again means 'one'.
[JOS.12.24] The king will desire one; all the kings are thirty and one. [§]
Melech tirtzah echad kol-melachim shloshim ve'echad.
'Melech' means 'king', 'tirtzah' means 'you will desire' (verb form of desire), 'echad' means 'one', 'kol' means 'all', 'melachim' means 'kings', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 've' means 'and', 'echad' means 'one'.
JOS.13
[JOS.13.1] And Joshua was old when he came in the days, and Yahveh said to him, 'You are old, you have come in the days, and the land is left very much for you to inherit it.' [§]
vYehoshua zaken ba bayamim vayomer Yahveh elav attah zakanta ba'ata bayamim vehaaretz nisharah harbeh meod lerishtah.
'vYehoshua' means 'and Joshua', 'zaken' means 'old', 'ba' means 'came', 'bayamim' means 'in the days', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'elav' means 'to him', 'attah' means 'you (masc.)', 'zakanta' means 'you have grown old', 'ba'ata' means 'you came', 'bayamim' means 'in the days', 'vehaaretz' means 'and the land', 'nisharah' means 'is left', 'harbeh' means 'much, many', 'meod' means 'very', 'lerishtah' means 'to inherit it'.
[JOS.13.2] This is the remaining land, all the territories of the Philistines and all the Geshurite. [§]
Zot haaretz hanisheret kol gelilot haplishtim ve kol hageshuri.
'Zot' means 'this', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'hanisheret' means 'the remaining' (preserved), 'kol' means 'all', 'gelilot' means 'regions' or 'territories', 'haplishtim' means 'the Philistines', 've' means 'and', the second 'kol' means 'all', 'hageshuri' means 'the Geshurite (people of Geshur)'.
[JOS.13.3] From the Shichor, which is on the face of Egypt, up to the border of Ekron in the north, the Canaanites are counted as five hundred sernai of the Philistines, the Azati, the Ashdodite, the Eschelonite, the Gittite, the Ekronite, and the Avvites. [§]
Min ha-sichor asher al-penei Mitzrayim ve-ad gebul Ekron tzafona la-Kenaani techashev chameshet sarnei Pelistim ha-Azati ve-ha-Ashdodi ha-Eshkeloni ha-Gitti ve-ha-Ekroni ve-ha-Avvim.
'Min' means 'from', 'ha-sichor' is the name of a stream or region called Shichor, 'asher' means 'which', 'al-penei' means 'on the face of' or 'over', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've-ad' means 'and up to', 'gebul' means 'border' or 'region', 'Ekron' is a city name, 'tzafona' means 'northward', 'la-Kenaani' means 'to the Canaanite', 'techashev' means 'you count' or 'is counted', 'chameshet' means 'five hundred', 'sarnei' means a type of troop or unit (interpreted as 'sernai'), 'Pelistim' means 'Philistines', 'ha-Azati' means 'the Azati', 've-ha-Ashdodi' means 'and the Ashdodite', 'ha-Eshkeloni' means 'the Eschelonite', 'ha-Gitti' means 'the Gittite', 've-ha-Ekroni' means 'and the Ekronite', 've-ha-Avvim' means 'and the Avvites'.
[JOS.13.4] From the east, the whole land of the Canaanites and the plain that extends to Afeqa, to the border of the Amorites. [§]
Mitteiman kol-aretz haKena'ani u-me'arah asher la-tsidonim ad Afeqah ad gevul haAmori.
'Mitteiman' means 'from the east', 'kol-aretz' means 'all the land', 'haKena'ani' means 'the Canaanite', 'u-me'arah' means 'and the plain' (or 'and the waste'), 'asher' means 'that', 'la-tsidonim' means 'to the Sidonians', 'ad' means 'until', 'Afeqah' is a place name, 'gevul' means 'border', 'haAmori' means 'the Amorite'.
[JOS.13.5] and the land of Gibli and all Lebanon east of the sun from Baal Gad under Mount Hermon until the coming of heat. [§]
veha'aretz hagibli vechol ha'levanon mizrach hashemesh mib'al gad tachat har hermon ad levo chamat.
've' means 'and', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'hagibli' means 'of Gibli (Gibeon)', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ha'levanon' means 'the Lebanon', 'mizrach' means 'east', 'hashemesh' means 'of the sun' (i.e., sunrise), 'mib'al' means 'from Baal', 'gad' is a place name, 'tachat' means 'under', 'har' means 'mountain', 'hermon' is the name 'Hermon', 'ad' means 'until', 'levo' means 'the coming of', 'chamat' means 'heat' or 'heatwave'.
[JOS.13.6] All the inhabitants of the mountain from Lebanon to the waters of Misrefot, all the Sidonians, I will expel because of the children of Israel; only the spoil is for Israel as an inheritance, as I commanded you. [§]
Kol yoshvei ha-har min ha-Levanon ad misrefot mayim kol tsidonim anochi orishe'em mipnei benei Yisrael rak hapilah leYisrael benachalah ka'asher tzivitkha.
'Kol' means 'all', 'yoshvei' means 'inhabitants of', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-Levanon' means 'the Lebanon', 'ad' means 'to/until', 'misrefot' is a place name meaning 'springs (of water)', 'mayim' means 'water', 'tsidonim' means 'Sidonians', 'anochi' means 'I', 'orishe'em' means 'will expel them', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'benei' means 'the children/sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'rak' means 'only', 'hapilah' means 'the spoil/plunder', 'leYisrael' means 'for Israel', 'benachalah' means 'as a inheritance', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivitkha' means 'I commanded you'.
[JOS.13.7] Now divide this land by inheritance among the nine tribes, and half of the tribe of Manasseh. [§]
veatah challek et-haaretz hazot benachala le'tishat ha'shevatim va'chatsi ha'shevet ha'menashe.
'veatah' means 'and now', 'challek' means 'divide' (imperative), 'et-haaretz' means 'the land', 'hazot' means 'this', 'benachala' means 'as an inheritance' or 'by inheritance', 'le'tishat' means 'to the nine' (numeral), 'ha'shevatim' means 'the tribes', 'va'chatsi' means 'and half', 'ha'shevet' means 'the tribe', 'ha'menashe' means 'of Manasseh'. The phrase commands the division of the specified land among the nine Israelite tribes, with a special note about the half‑tribe of Manasseh.
[JOS.13.8] The Reubenites and the Gadites, with him, took their inheritance which Moses gave them beyond the Jordan to the east, as Moses, servant of Yahveh, gave them. [§]
Immo haReuveni vehaGadi lakechu nachalatam asher natan lahem Moshe be'ever hayarden mizracha ka'asher natan lahem Moshe eved Yahveh.
'Immo' means 'with him', 'haReuveni' means 'the Reubenite(s)' (the people of Reuben), 'vehaGadi' means 'and the Gadite(s)' (the people of Gad), 'lakechu' means 'they took', 'nachalatam' means 'their inheritance', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'natan' means 'gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'be'ever' means 'across' or 'beyond', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan (river)', 'mizracha' means 'to the east', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'eved' means 'servant', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[JOS.13.9] From Aroer, which is on the bank of the Arnon, and the city which is within the river, and all the territory from Midva to Dibon. [§]
Me'aroer asher al-sfat-nachal Arnon veha'ir asher betoch ha-nachal vechol ha-mishor meidva ad Dibon.
'Me'aroer' means 'from Aroer', 'asher' means 'which', 'al-sfat-nachal' means 'on the bank of the river', 'Arnon' is the name of the river, 'veha'ir' means 'and the city', 'betoch ha-nachal' means 'within the river', 'vechol ha-mishor' means 'and all the territory', 'meidva' means 'from Midva', 'ad Dibon' means 'to Dibon'.
[JOS.13.10] And all the cities of Sihon the Amorite who reigned in Heshbon to the border of the children of Ammon. [§]
vekol arei sihon melekh haemor'i asher malakh bechesbon ad gevul b'nei amon.
'vekol' means 'and all', 'arei' means 'cities of', 'sihon' is the name 'Sihon', 'melek' means 'king', 'haemor'i' means 'the Amorite', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'malakh' means 'reigned', 'bechesbon' means 'in Heshbon', 'ad' means 'to' or 'until', 'gevul' means 'border' or 'boundary', 'b'nei' means 'of the children of', 'amon' is the name 'Ammon'.
[JOS.13.11] And Gilead, the border of the Geshurite, the Maachati, all the mountain of Hermon, and all Bashan as far as Salcah. [§]
ve-hagila'ad u-gevul hageshuri ve-hamma'achati ve-kol har hermon ve-kol ha-bashan ad-salcha.
've-hagila'ad' means 'and Gilead', 'u-gevul' means 'and the border', 'hageshuri' means 'of the Geshurite', 've-hamma'achati' means 'and the Maachati', 've-kol' means 'and all', 'har' means 'the mountain', 'hermon' is the name Hermon, 've-kol' again means 'and all', 'ha-bashan' means 'the Bashan', 'ad' means 'until' or 'as far as', 'salcha' is the place name Salcah.
[JOS.13.12] All the kingdom of Og in Bashan, which reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei, he remained of the rest of the Rephaim, and Moses struck them and drove them out. [§]
Kol mamlekhut Og ba-Bashan asher malakh be-Ashtarot uve-Edrei hu nish'ar mi-yeter ha-rephaim vayakhem Moshe vayorisham.
'Kol' means 'all', 'mamlekhut' means 'kingdom', 'Og' is the name of a king, 'ba-Bashan' means 'in Bashan', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'malakh' means 'reigned', 'be-Ashtarot' means 'in Ashtaroth', 'uve-Edrei' means 'and in Edrei', 'hu' means 'he', 'nish'ar' means 'remained', 'mi-yeter' means 'the rest of', 'ha-rephaim' means 'the Rephaim (ancient people of the region)', 'vayakhem' means 'and struck them', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayorisham' means 'and drove them out'.
[JOS.13.13] And the children of Israel did not drive out the Geshurite and the Maachathite; and Geshur and Maachath dwelt within the midst of Israel until this day. [§]
Ve'lo horishu b'nei Yisrael et haGeshuri ve'et haMa'akhti vayyeshev Geshur uMa'khat be'kerov Yisrael ad hayom haze.
'Ve'lo' means 'and not', 'horishu' means 'they drove out', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'haGeshuri' means 'the Geshurite', 've'et' means 'and', 'haMa'akhti' means 'the Maachathite', 'vayyeshev' means 'and dwelt', 'Geshur' is the name of a people/place, 'uMa'khat' means 'and Maachath' (another people/place), 'be'kerov' means 'in the midst of', 'Yisrael' again 'Israel', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'haze' means 'this'.
[JOS.13.14] Only to the tribe of Levi He gave inheritance; the wives of Yahveh the Gods of Israel, He is his inheritance, as He spoke to him. [§]
Rak leShevet haLevi lo natan nachala ishei Yahveh Elohei Yisrael hu nachalato ka'asher diber-lo.
'Rak' means 'only', 'leShevet' means 'to the tribe', 'haLevi' means 'the Levi', 'lo' means 'not' or 'no', 'natan' means 'gave', 'nachala' means 'inheritance', 'ishei' means 'wives of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'the Gods of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hu' means 'he', 'nachalato' means 'his inheritance', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'he spoke', and 'lo' means 'to him'. The divine names are rendered literally: YHVH becomes 'Yahveh', and Elohim becomes 'the Gods'.
[JOS.13.15] Moses gave to the tribe of the sons of Reuben for their families. [§]
Vayiten Moshe le-matteh b'nei Reuven le-mishpachotam.
'Vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'le' means 'to', 'matteh' means 'the tribe' (literally 'staff' or 'standard'), 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Reuven' is the name of the tribe of Reuben, 'le' (second occurrence) means 'for', 'mishpachotam' means 'their families'.
[JOS.13.16] And the border for them was from Aroer, which is on the bank of the Arnon stream, and the city that is within the stream, and all the level ground on Medeba. [§]
Vayehi lahem hagebul me'aroer asher al-sfat-nachal Arnon veha'ir asher betoch-hanachal vechol-hamishor al-meidba.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'hagebul' means 'the border', 'me'aroer' means 'from Aroer', 'asher' means 'which' or 'that', 'al-sfat-nachal' means 'on the bank of the stream', 'Arnon' is the name of a river, 'veha'ir' means 'and the city', 'betoch-hanachal' means 'within the stream', 'vechol-hamishor' means 'and all the level ground', 'al-meidba' means 'on Medeba'.
[JOS.13.17] Heshbon and all its towns that are in the plain of Divon, and Vamot of Baal, and the house of Baal Meon. [§]
Heshbon vechol-areha asher ba-mishor Divon u-vamot baal u-beit baal meon.
'Heshbon' is a city name, 'vechol-areha' means 'and all its towns', 'asher' means 'that', 'ba-mishor' means 'in the plain', 'Divon' is a place name, 'u-vamot' means 'and Vamot', 'baal' is a place name, 'u-beit' means 'and the house of', 'baal' again the name Baal, 'meon' is a place name.
[JOS.13.18] and he will bring forth, and the fronts, and from the opening. [§]
ve-yah-tzah u-ke-de-mot u-me-fa-at.
've' means 'and', 'yah-tzah' is the future third‑person masculine form of the verb *yatzah* ‘to bring forth’, so it means ‘he will bring forth’, 'u' is another conjunction ‘and’, 'ke-de-mot' is the plural of *kedem* which can mean ‘front’, ‘fore part’, or ‘east’, thus ‘the fronts/east’, another 'u' again means ‘and’, and 'me-fa-at' is a construct noun from *paat* meaning ‘opening’, ‘breach’ or ‘outlet’, rendered here as ‘from the opening’.
[JOS.13.19] and two cities and grain and the morning watch on the mountain of the valley. [§]
vekiryatayim vesibmah vetzeret hashachar behar haemek.
've' means 'and', 'kiryat' means 'city', '-ayim' is a dual suffix indicating two, so 'kiryat ayim' = 'two cities'. 'shibmah' means 'grain' or 'wheat'. 'tzeret' means 'watch' or 'guard', and when paired with 'hashachar' ('the morning') it denotes 'the morning watch' i.e., dawn. 'behar' means 'on the mountain', and 'haemek' means 'the valley'.
[JOS.13.20] And the house of Peor, and Ashdot of the Pisgah, and the house of the Yishmot. [§]
u'veit Peor ve-Ashdot ha-pisgah u'veit ha-yishmot.
'u'veit' means 'and the house (of)', 'Peor' is a proper name of a place, 've-Ashdot' means 'and Ashdot' (a city name), 'ha-pisgah' means 'the Pisgah' (a summit or ridge), 'u'veit' again means 'and the house (of)', 'ha-yishmot' means 'the Yishmot' (a place or clan name).
[JOS.13.21] And all the cities of Mishor and all the kingdom of Sihon, the Amorite king who reigned in Heshbon, whom Moses struck, and the princes of Midian, Evi, Rekem, Tzur, Khur, and Reba, the princes of Sihon, dwellers of the land. [§]
vechol arei ha-mishor vechol-mamlekhet sihon melekh ha-amori asher malakh be-chesbon asher hikkah Moshe oto ve-et nesichei Midyan et-Evi ve-et Rekem ve-et Tzur ve-et Khur ve-et Reva nesichei Sihon yosheve ha-aretz.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'arei' means 'cities', 'ha-mishor' is a place name 'Mishor', 'vechol-mamlekhet' means 'and all the kingdom', 'sihon' is the name of a king, 'melek' means 'king', 'ha-amori' means 'the Amorite', 'asher' means 'who', 'malakh' means 'reigned', 'be-chesbon' means 'in Heshbon', 'hikkah' means 'struck', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'oto' means 'him', 've-et' means 'and', 'nesichei' means 'princes' or 'leaders', 'Midyan' means 'Midian', 'et-Evi' means 'Evi', 'et-Rekem' means 'Rekem', 'et-Tzur' means 'Tzur', 'et-Khur' means 'Khur', 'et-Reva' means 'Reba', 'nesichei Sihon' means 'princes of Sihon', 'yosheve' means 'inhabitants' or 'dwellers', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land'.
[JOS.13.22] And the children of Israel killed Balaam son of Beor the sorcerer with the sword to his ruin. [§]
ve'et Bilam ben Beor haqossem harigu b'nei Yisrael ba'cherav el chal'leihem.
've'et' means 'and' (object marker), 'Bilam' means 'Balaam', 'ben' means 'son', 'Beor' means 'Beor', 'haqossem' means 'the sorcerer', 'harigu' means 'they killed', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ba'cherav' means 'with the sword', 'el' means 'to', 'chal'leihem' means 'their ruin' (referring to the person killed).
[JOS.13.23] And the border of the sons of Reuben by the Jordan was this: the inheritance of the sons of Reuben to their families, the towns and their enclosures. [§]
Vayehi gevul b'nei Reuven haYarden ugevul zot nachalat b'nei-Reuven leMishpachotam he'arim ve'chaserehem.
'Vayehi' means 'And it was', 'gevul' means 'border' or 'boundary', 'b'nei Reuven' means 'of the sons of Reuben', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan (River)', 'ugevul' means 'and border', 'zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'b'nei-Reuven' repeats 'of the sons of Reuben', 'leMishpachotam' means 'to their families' (lit. 'to their households'), 'he'arim' means 'the towns', 've'chaserehem' means 'and their enclosures' or 'courtyards'.
[JOS.13.24] And Moses gave the tribe of Gad to the sons of Gad according to their families. [§]
Vayiten Moshe le-matteh Gad livnei Gad le-mishpachotam.
'Vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'le-matteh' means 'to the tribe', 'Gad' is the name of the tribe, 'livnei' means 'to the sons of', 'Gad' repeats the tribe name, 'le-mishpachotam' means 'according to their families'.
[JOS.13.25] And the border for them was Jezreel, and all the cities of Gilgal, and half of the land of the children of Ammon up to Aroer, which is on the face of Rabbah. [§]
Vayehi lahem ha-gevul Yazer ve-khol-arei ha-Gil'ad vachatzi eretz b'nei Ammon ad-Aro'er asher al-p'nei Rabbah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'ha-gevul' means 'the border', 'Yazer' is the place name 'Jezreel', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'khol-arei' means 'all the cities', 'ha-Gil'ad' means 'of Gilgal', 'vachatzi' means 'and half', 'eretz' means 'of land', 'b'nei' means 'of the children', 'Ammon' is the nation 'Ammon', 'ad' means 'up to', 'Aro'er' is the place name 'Aroer', 'asher' means 'which', 'al-p'nei' means 'on the face of', 'Rabbah' is the place name 'Rabbah'.
[JOS.13.26] And from Hesbon to the height of the watchtower and to the pits and from the camps to the border of the word. [§]
U-mechesbon ad-ramat ha-mitzpeh u-ve-tonim u-mi-mahanayim ad-gevul li-daver.
'U-' means 'and', 'mechesbon' is the place name Hesbon, 'ad' means 'to', 'ramat' means 'height', 'ha-mitzpeh' means 'the watchtower' or 'lookout', 'u-ve-tonim' means 'and to the pits' (tonim = pits, hollows), 'u-mi-mahanayim' means 'and from the camps' (mahanayim = camps, encampments), 'ad' again means 'to', 'gevul' means 'border' or 'limit', 'li-daver' literally 'to the word' but is an idiom for the farthest spoken limit or utterance.
[JOS.13.27] And in the valley: the house of the high, the house of Nimrah, Sukkot, and the north; the remainder of the kingdom of Sichon, the king of Cheshevon, the Jordan, and the border up to the far end of the Sea of Kinneret beyond the Jordan, east. [§]
Uva'emek Beit HaRam uveit Nimra veSukkot veTzafon yeter Mamlakhet Sichon melach Cheshevon haYarden ugevul ad ketzeh yam Kinneret ever haYarden Mizrah.
'Uva'emek' means 'and in the valley', 'Beit HaRam' means 'the house of the high', 'uveit Nimra' means 'and the house of Nimrah', 'veSukkot' means 'and Sukkot', 'veTzafon' means 'and the north', 'yeter' means 'the remainder' or 'the rest', 'Mamlakhet Sichon' means 'the kingdom of Sichon', 'melach Cheshevon' means 'the king of Cheshevon', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'ugevul' means 'and the border', 'ad ketzeh' means 'up to the end', 'yam Kinneret' means 'the Sea of Kinneret', 'ever haYarden' means 'beyond the Jordan', and 'Mizrah' means 'east'.
[JOS.13.28] This is the inheritance of the sons of Gad for their families, the cities and their courtyards. [§]
Zot nachalat bnei Gad le mishpachotam haArim ve chatzreihem.
'Zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'bnei' means 'sons of', 'Gad' is a tribal name, 'le' is a preposition meaning 'for' or 'according to', 'mishpachotam' means 'their families', 'haArim' means 'the cities', 've' means 'and', 'chatzreihem' means 'their courtyards'.
[JOS.13.29] And Moses gave a half of the tribe of Manasseh, and it was a half of the clan of the sons of Manasseh for their families. [§]
Vayyiten Moshe lechatsi shevet Menashe vayhi lechatsi matteh b'nei-Menashe lemisphochotam.
'Vayyiten' means 'and he gave', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lechatsi' means 'to the half', 'shevet' means 'tribe' or 'clan', 'Menashe' means 'Manasseh', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', the second 'lechatsi' repeats 'to the half', 'matteh' means 'staff, clan, or tribe', 'b'nei-Menashe' means 'of the sons of Manasseh', and 'lemishpachotam' means 'to their families' or 'for their households'.
[JOS.13.30] And their border was from the camp to all Bashan, the whole kingdom of Og the king of Bashan, and all the ravines which were in Bashan, sixty cities. [§]
Vayehi gevulam mimachanayim kol-habashan kol-mamlakhet og melekh-habashan vechol-chavot ya'ir asher ba-bashan shishim ir.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'gevu lam' means 'their border', 'mimachanayim' means 'from the camp', 'kol-habashan' means 'all Bashan', 'kol-mamlakhet' means 'the whole kingdom', 'og' is a proper name of a king, 'melekh-habashan' means 'king of Bashan', 'vechol-chavot' means 'and all the ravines', 'ya'ir' means 'that were', 'asher' means 'which', 'ba-bashan' means 'in Bashan', 'shishim' means 'sixty', 'ir' means 'cities'.
[JOS.13.31] and the half of Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, for the sons of Machir, son of Manasseh, the half of the sons of Machir, to their families. [§]
Vachatsi ha-gilead ve-ashtarot ve-edrei ire mamlaket og babashan livnei machir ben-menashe lachatsi b'nei-machir le-mishpachotam.
'Vachatsi' means 'and the half', 'ha-gilead' means 'of Gilead', 've-ashtarot' means 'and Ashtaroth', 've-edrei' means 'and Edrei', 'ire' means 'cities', 'mamlaket' means 'of the kingdom', 'og' is the name of the king, 'babashan' means 'in Bashan', 'livnei' means 'to the sons of', 'machir' is a clan name, 'ben-menashe' means 'son of Manasseh', 'lachatsi' means 'the half', 'b'nei-machir' means 'of the sons of Machir', 'le-mishpachotam' means 'to their families'.
[JOS.13.32] These are the places which Moses inherited in the plains of Moab beyond the Jordan, Jericho, east. [§]
Eleh asher nichal Moshe be'arvot Moav me'ever l'Yarden Yericho mizrahah.
"Eleh" means "these", "asher" means "that/which", "nichal" means "inherited", "Moshe" is "Moses", "be'arvot" means "in the plains", "Moav" is "Moab", "me'ever" means "beyond", "l'Yarden" means "to the Jordan", "Yericho" is "Jericho", "mizrahah" means "east".
[JOS.13.33] And for the tribe of Levi Moses gave no inheritance; Yahveh the Gods of Israel is their inheritance, as He spoke to them. [§]
u-le shevet ha-Levi lo-natan Moshe nachala Yahveh Elohei Yisrael hu nachalatam ka'asher diber lahem.
'u-le' means 'and for', 'shevet' means 'the tribe/branch', 'ha-Levi' means 'of Levi', 'lo-natan' means 'did not give', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'nachala' means 'an inheritance', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'the Gods of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hu' means 'he/it', 'nachalatam' means 'their inheritance', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'he spoke', 'lahem' means 'to them'.
JOS.14
[JOS.14.1] And these are those which the children of Israel inherited in the land of Canaan, which they inherited, Elazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun and the heads of the fathers of the families of the children of Israel. [§]
Ve'eleh asher-nachaloo b'nei Yisrael b'eretz Kena'an asher nachalu otam El'azar haKohen viYehoshua ben-Nun ve'rashei avot hamattot livnei Yisrael.
'Ve'eleh' means 'and these', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nachaloo' means 'they inherited', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'b'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Kena'an' means 'Canaan', 'asher' again 'which', 'nachalu' means 'they inherited', 'otam' means 'them', 'El'azar' is a proper name, 'haKohen' means 'the priest', 'viYehoshua' means 'and Joshua', 'ben' means 'son', 'Nun' is a proper name, 've'rashei' means 'and the heads of', 'avot' means 'fathers/ancestors', 'hamattot' means 'the families/clans', 'livnei' means 'of the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.14.2] Their inheritance was divided by lot, as Yahveh commanded by the hand of Moses, among the nine tribes and half of the tribe. [§]
begoral nachalatham kaasher tzivah Yahveh beyad-moshe letishat hamattot vachtzi hamatte.
'begoral' means 'by lot', 'nachalatham' means 'their inheritance', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'beyad-moshe' means 'by the hand of Moses', 'letishat' means 'to the nine', 'hamattot' means 'the tribes', 'vachtzi' means 'and half', 'hamatte' means 'the tribe'.
[JOS.14.3] Because Moses gave the inheritance of the two tribes and half of the tribe beyond the Jordan, and he did not give an inheritance to the Levites among them. [§]
Ki natan Moshe nachalat shnei ha matot vechatsi ha matteh meever la Yarden ve la Leviim lo natan nachalah betocham.
'Ki' means 'because', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'shnei' means 'two', 'ha matot' means 'the tribes', 'vechatsi' means 'and half', 'ha matteh' means 'the tribe', 'meever' means 'beyond', 'la Yarden' means 'the Jordan', 've la Leviim' means 'and the Levites', 'lo' means 'not', 'natan' again means 'gave', 'nachalah' means 'inheritance', 'betocham' means 'among them'.
[JOS.14.4] For the sons of Joseph were two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim, and they gave not a portion to the Levites in the land, but only cities for dwelling and their pastures for their livestock and for their profit. [§]
Ki hayu bnei Yosef shnei matot Menashe veEphraim velo natnu chelek lalavim baaretz ki im arim lashevet u migreshayhem lemiqnehem ulkinyanam.
'Ki' means 'for', 'hayu' means 'were', 'bnei' means 'sons of', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'shnei' means 'two', 'matot' means 'tribes', 'Menashe' means 'Manasseh', 'veEphraim' means 'and Ephraim', 'velo' means 'and not', 'natnu' means 'they gave', 'chelek' means 'a portion', 'lalavim' means 'to the Levites', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'except', 'arim' means 'cities', 'lashevet' means 'to dwell', 'u' means 'and', 'migreshayhem' means 'their pastures', 'lemiqnehem' means 'for their livestock', 'ulkinyanam' means 'and for their profit'.
[JOS.14.5] As Yahveh commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did, and they divided the land. [§]
Ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et-Moshe ken asu b'nei Yisrael vayachal'ku et-ha'aretz.
'Ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'ken' means 'so' or 'in the same way', 'asu' means 'they did', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayachal'ku' means 'and they divided', the second 'et' again marks the object, 'ha'aretz' means 'the land'.
[JOS.14.6] The sons of Judah went to Joshua at Gilgal, and he said to him, "Kalev son of Yefuneh the Kenezzi, do you know the matter that Yahveh spoke to Moses, a man of the Gods, concerning my testimonies and your testimonies in the holy Barnea?" [§]
Vayigshu b'nei Yehudah el Yehoshua ba-Gilgal vayomer elav Kalev ben Yefuneh haKenezzi attah yadata et ha-davar asher diber Yahveh el Moshe Ish haElohim al odotai ve-al odotecha beqadesh baBarnea.
'Vayigshu' means 'they approached', 'b'nei Yehudah' means 'the sons of Judah', 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'ba-Gilgal' means 'at Gilgal', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Kalev' is a name, 'ben Yefuneh' means 'son of Yefuneh', 'haKenezzi' means 'the Kenezzi', 'attah' means 'you', 'yadata' means 'did you know', 'et ha-davar' means 'the matter', 'asher' means 'that', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'Ish haElohim' means 'a man of the Gods' (Elohim = the Gods), 'al' means 'concerning', 'odotai' means 'my testimonies' (or deeds), 've-al' means 'and concerning', 'odotecha' means 'your testimonies', 'beqadesh' means 'in the holy', 'baBarnea' is the place name Barnea.
[JOS.14.7] I am forty years old when I sent Moses, the servant of Yahveh, from the holy Barnea to walk the land, and I gave him a word according to my heart. [§]
Ben-arba'im shana anochi bi-shluach Moshe eved Yahveh oti mikadesh Barnea le-ragel et ha-aretz va-ashev oto davar ka-asher im levavi.
'Ben' means 'I am', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'shana' means 'years', 'anochi' means 'I', 'bi-shluach' means 'when I send', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'oti' means 'me' (as object), 'mikadesh' means 'from the holy', 'Barnea' is a place name, 'le-ragel' means 'to walk/roam', 'et ha-aretz' means 'the land', 'va-ashev' means 'and I returned/gave', 'oto' means 'to him', 'davar' means 'a word/thing', 'ka-asher' means 'as what', 'im levavi' means 'with my heart'.
[JOS.14.8] And my brothers who went up with me plotted the heart of the people, and I filled after Yahveh my God. [§]
ve'achai asher alú immi himsiyo et-lev haam ve'anokhi miléti acharei Yahveh Elohai.
've'achai' means 'and my brothers', 'asher' means 'who', 'alú' means 'went up', 'immi' means 'with me', 'himsiyo' means 'they plotted' (from the root meaning to scheme), 'et-lev' means 'the heart', 'haam' means 'of the people', 've'anokhi' means 'and I', 'miléti' means 'I filled' or 'I completed', 'acharei' means 'after' or 'behind', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohai' means 'my God'.
[JOS.14.9] And Moses swore that day, saying, If the land which your foot has walked in is not to you as an inheritance for you and for your children forever, because you have fulfilled after Yahveh my God. [§]
Vayishave Moshe bayom hahu le'emor im lo haaretz asher darka raglekha bah lekha tihyeh lenachalah ulevaneikha ad olam ki mil'eta acharei Yahveh Elohai.
'Vayishave' means 'and he swore', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'im lo' means 'if not', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'which', 'darka' means 'your foot has walked', 'raglekha' means 'your foot', 'bah' means 'in it', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'tihyeh' means 'will be', 'lenachalah' means 'as an inheritance', 'ulevaneikha' means 'and to your children', 'ad olam' means 'forever', 'ki' means 'because', 'mil'eta' means 'you have fulfilled', 'acharei' means 'after', 'Yahveh' translates YHWH as 'Yahveh', 'Elohai' means 'my God'.
[JOS.14.10] And now, behold, Yahveh has revived me as He spoke; this was forty‑five years since Yahveh spoke this word to Moses, who led Israel in the wilderness; and now, behold, I am today fifty‑eight years old. [§]
ve'attah hineh hecheyah Yahveh oti ka'asher diber zeh arba'im vechamesh shanah me'az diber Yahveh et-hadavar hazeh el-Moshe asher-halakh Yisrael ba-midbar ve'attah hineh anochi hayom ben-chamesh u'shmonim shanah.
've'attah' means 'and now', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'hecheyah' means 'has revived/lived', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHWH as instructed, 'oti' means 'me', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'zeh' means 'this', 'arba'im vechamesh shanah' means 'forty‑five years', 'me'az' means 'since', 'et-hadavar hazeh' means 'this word', 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'asher-halakh' means 'who walked/led', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'anochi' means 'I', 'hayom' means 'today', 'ben-chamesh u'shmonim shanah' means 'the son of five and eight years' i.e., fifty‑eight years old.
[JOS.14.11] Even today I am strong as on the day Moses sent me, as my strength then and as my strength now for the battle, to go out and to return. [§]
odeni hayom chazak ka'ashar beyom shlach oti Moshe kekochi az ukekochi atah lamilchamah velatze'et velavo
'odeni' means 'still' or 'again', 'hayom' means 'today', 'chazak' means 'strong', 'ka'ashar' means 'as', 'beyom' means 'on the day', 'shlach' means 'sent', 'oti' means 'me', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'kekochi' means 'as my strength', 'az' means 'then', 'ukekochi' means 'and as my strength', 'atah' means 'now', 'lamilchamah' means 'for the battle', 'velatze'' means 'to go out', 'velavo' means 'and to return'.
[JOS.14.12] Now give me this mountain that Yahveh spoke of on that day, for you heard on that day that there were foxes there and great cities in ruins; perhaps Yahveh will give me and inherit them as Yahveh has spoken. [§]
ve'atah tena li et ha-har hazeh asher diber Yahveh ba-yom hahu ki attah shamarta ba-yom hahu ki anaqim sham ve'arim gedolot be-tzurot ulai Yahveh oti vehorashtim ka'asher diber Yahveh.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'tena' means 'give' (imperative), 'li' means 'to me', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'ki' means 'for/because', 'attah' means 'you', 'shamarta' means 'have heard', 'anaqim' means 'foxes', 'sham' means 'there', 've'arim' means 'and cities', 'gedolot' means 'great', 'be-tzurot' means 'in ruins', 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'oti' means 'me', 'vehorashtim' means 'and inherit them', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'spoke'.
[JOS.14.13] And Joshua blessed him, and gave Hebron to Kaleb son of Yefuneh as an inheritance. [§]
vayevarchihu Yehoshua vayitten et-Chevron lekalev ben-Yefuneh le-nachala.
'vayevarchihu' means 'and he blessed him', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'vayitten' means 'and he gave', 'et-Chevron' means 'the (object marker) Hebron', 'lekalev' means 'to Kaleb', 'ben-Yefuneh' means 'son of Yefuneh', 'le-nachala' means 'as an inheritance'.
[JOS.14.14] Therefore Hebron was given to Caleb son of Yefuneh the priest as an inheritance until this day, because he fulfilled the purpose of Yahveh, God of Israel. [§]
al ken hayta Hevron le Kaleb ben Yefuneh ha kenazi le nachala ad hayom hazeh yaan asher mile acharei Yahveh Elohei Yisrael.
'al ken' means 'therefore' or 'for this reason', 'hayta' means 'was' or 'became', 'Hevron' is the name of the city Hebron, 'le' is a preposition meaning 'to' or 'for', 'Kaleb' is a proper name (Caleb), 'ben' means 'son of', 'Yefuneh' is a proper name, 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'kenazi' likely denotes a priestly or official title (the priest), 'le nachala' means 'as an inheritance' or 'for inheritance', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day' i.e., 'today', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'yaan' means 'because', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'mile' means 'filled' or 'fulfilled', 'acharei' means 'after' or 'in the fulfillment of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the Tetragrammaton YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'God of', and 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.14.15] And the name Hebron formerly [was] the city of four, the great man in the valleys, it is; and the earth was quiet from war. [§]
V'shem Hevron lefanim Qiryat Arba ha'adam ha'gadol ba'anaqim hu v'haaretz shakta mimilchamah.
'V'shem' means 'and the name', 'Hevron' is the proper name of the city Hebron, 'lefanim' means 'formerly' or 'in former times', 'Qiryat' means 'city', 'Arba' means 'four', 'ha'adam' means 'the man', 'ha'gadol' means 'the great', 'ba'anaqim' means 'in the valleys' (literally 'in the valleys/low places'), 'hu' means 'he/it', 'v'haaretz' means 'and the earth', 'shakta' means 'was quiet/peaceful', 'mimilchamah' means 'from war'.
JOS.15
[JOS.15.1] And the lot fell for each clan of the sons of Judah to their families, to the border of Edom, the desert of Zin, southward, from the end of the south. [§]
Vayehi hagoral le-matte beney Yehudah le-mishpachotam el-gevul Edom midbar Zin negvah mik'tze Teiman.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'hagoral' means 'the lot', 'le-matte' means 'to each clan', 'benei' means 'sons of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'le-mishpachotam' means 'to their families', 'el' means 'to', 'gevul' means 'border', 'Edom' is the name Edom, 'midbar' means 'desert', 'Zin' is the name of that desert, 'negvah' means 'southward', 'mik'tze' means 'the end of', 'Teiman' means 'the south'.
[JOS.15.2] And there was for them a southern boundary from the end of the salty sea from the turning coast south. [§]
Vayehi lahem gevul negev miketz yam hamelach min halason haponah negev.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'lahem' means 'to them' or 'for them', 'gevul' means 'boundary' or 'border', 'negev' means 'south', 'miketz' means 'from the end' or 'to the far side', 'yam hamelach' means 'the salty sea', 'min' means 'from', 'halason' means 'the tongue' (used figuratively for 'the coast' or 'the shore'), 'haponah' means 'that turns' or 'turning', and the final 'negev' again means 'south'.
[JOS.15.3] And he went out to the south toward the ascent of Akrabim, and passed through Tzinah, and went up from the south to Kadesh Barnea, and passed through Chetzron, and went up to Adarah, and turned around the gorge. [§]
ve-yatsa el-Mineggev le-maaleh Akrabim ve-avar Tzinah ve-ala mi-Mineggev le-Kadesh Barnéa ve-avar Chetzron ve-ala Adarah ve-nasav ha-Qarkeah.
've-yatsa' means 'and went out', 'el-Mineggev' means 'to the south', 'le-maaleh' means 'to the ascent of', 'Akrabim' is a place name meaning 'scorpions', 've-avar' means 'and passed through', 'Tzinah' is a place name meaning 'thorn', 've-ala' means 'and went up', 'mi-Mineggev' means 'from the south', 'le-Kadesh' means 'to Kadesh', 'Barnéa' is a place name meaning 'desert of the son of an army', 'Chetzron' is a place name meaning 'enclosed', 'Adarah' is a place name meaning 'noble', 've-nasav' means 'and turned around', 'ha-Qarkeah' means 'the gorge'.
[JOS.15.4] And it will cross its breadth and will go out the river of Egypt, and the outlets of the border will be the sea; this will be for you a southern border. [§]
veaver atzmona veyatsa nachal Mitzrayim vehayu totzot hagevul yama zeh yihyeh lachem gevul negev.
'veaver' means 'and will pass', 'atzmona' means 'its breadth' or 'its width', 'veyatsa' means 'and will go out', 'nachal' means 'river', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vehayu' means 'and will be', 'totzot' means 'exits' or 'outlets', 'hagevul' means 'the border', 'yama' means 'the sea', 'zeh' means 'this', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'lachem' means 'for you (plural)', 'gevul' means 'border', 'negev' means 'south'.
[JOS.15.5] And the border east is the salty sea to the end of the Jordan, and the border to the north is from the sea side to the end of the Jordan. [§]
Ugevul kedmah yam ha-melach ad ketzeh ha-yarden ugevul li-pat tzafona mil-shon ha-yam mi-ktzeh ha-yarden.
'U-' means 'and', 'gevul' means 'border' or 'boundary', 'kedmah' means 'east', 'yam ha-melach' means 'the salty sea' (the Dead Sea), 'ad' means 'to' or 'until', 'ketzeh ha-yarden' means 'the end of the Jordan River', 'li-pat' means 'to the side' or 'to the direction', 'tzafona' means 'north', 'mil-shon ha-yam' means 'from the sea side' (i.e., from the sea coast), 'mi-ktzeh ha-yarden' means 'from the end of the Jordan River'.
[JOS.15.6] And the border went up to the house of Chagla, and it passed north to the house of the Arabah, and the border went up to Even Bohan son of Reuben. [§]
ve'alah ha-gebul beit Chagla ve'aver mitzpon le'veit ha'arava ve'alah ha-gebul Even Bohan ben-Reuven.
've'alah' means 'and went up', 'ha-gebul' means 'the border' (literally 'the boundary'), 'beit Chagla' means 'the house of Chagla' (a place name), 've'aver' means 'and passed', 'mitzpon' means 'northward', 'le'veit' means 'to the house of', 'ha'arava' means 'the Arabah' (a desert region), 'Even Bohan' is a personal name meaning 'stone of Bohan', and 'ben-Reuven' means 'son of Reuben'.
[JOS.15.7] And the border went up the speech from the valley of Achor, and northward it faced toward the wheel which is opposite the ascent of the Red Hills that is from the west to the stream; and the border passed to the waters of the spring of the sun, and its outlets were to the spring of Rogel. [§]
ve'alah ha-gevul devira me'emek achor ve-tzafona ponah el ha-gilgal asher nokhach le-ma'aleh adummim asher min-geb la-nachal ve-avar ha-gevul el mei ein shemesh ve-hayu totse'otav el ein rogel.
've'alah' means 'and went up', 'ha-gevul' means 'the border', 'devira' means 'the speech' (or a proper name), 'me'emek' means 'from the valley', 'achor' is the place name 'Achor', 've-tzafona' means 'and northward', 'ponah' means 'facing', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-gilgal' means 'the wheel', 'asher' means 'which', 'nokhach' means 'opposite', 'le-ma'aleh' means 'to the ascent of', 'adummim' means 'the red hills', 'min-geb' means 'from the west', 'la-nachal' means 'to the stream', 've-avar' means 'and passed', 'mei' means 'waters of', 'ein' means 'spring', 'shemesh' means 'sun', 've-hayu' means 'and they were', 'totse'otav' means 'its outlets', 'rogel' is a place name meaning 'Rogel'.
[JOS.15.8] And the border rose up the valley of Ben Hinnom to the shoulder of the Jebusite from the west; it is Jerusalem; and the border rose up to the head of the mountain which is on the face of the valley of Hinnom to the south which is at the end of the valley of Rephaim to the north. [§]
ve'alah hagebul gey ben-hinom el-keteph hayevusi min-gebav hi yerushalayim ve'alah hagebul el-rosh ha-har asher al-penei gey-hinom yamah asher biqtzeh emeK-rephaim tzafonah.
've'alah' means 'and rose up', 'hagebul' means 'the border', 'gey' means 'valley' or 'region', 'ben-hinom' means 'Ben Hinnom', 'el' means 'to', 'keteph' means 'shoulder', 'hayevusi' means 'the Jebusite', 'min-gebav' means 'from the west', 'hi' means 'it', 'yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 've'alah' means 'and rose up' (again), 'hagebul' means 'the border' (again), 'el-rosh' means 'to the head/top', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'asher' means 'which', 'al-penei' means 'on the face of', 'gey-hinom' means 'valley of Hinnom', 'yamah' means 'south', 'asher' means 'which', 'biqtzeh' means 'at the end of', 'emeK-rephaim' means 'valley of Rephaim', 'tzafonah' means 'north'.
[JOS.15.9] And the border shall extend from the top of the mountain to the spring of the waters of Neftoch, and shall go out to the city of Ephrath, and the border shall be in the ascent; it is the town of the forests. [§]
ve'taar hagebul me'rosh hahar el-Ma'ayan mei neftoch ve'yatsa el-arei har-Efron ve'taar hagebul ba'alah hi kiryat ye'arim.
've' means 'and', 'taar' means 'shall extend' or 'shall mark', 'hagebul' means 'the border', 'me'rosh' means 'from the head' i.e., 'from the top', 'hahar' means 'the mountain', 'el' means 'to', 'Ma'ayan' means 'the spring', 'mei' means 'waters of', 'neftoch' is a place name meaning 'Neftoch', 've' again 'and', 'yatsa' means 'shall go out', 'el' again 'to', 'arei' means 'the city of', 'har-Efron' is a proper name meaning 'the city of Ephrath', 'ba'alah' means 'in the ascent' i.e., 'in the rise', 'hi' means 'it is', 'kiryat' means 'the town of', 'ye'arim' means 'forests' or 'woods'.
[JOS.15.10] And turned the border from Baalah south to the mountain Seir and passed to the shoulder of the mountain of forests from the north; it is Kesalon, and went down to the House of the Sun and passed Timnah. [§]
ve-nasav ha-gevul mi-ba'ala yamah el-har se'ir ve-avar el-ketef har-ye'arim mitzafona hi kesalon ve-yarad beit-shemesh ve-avar timnah.
've-nasav' means 'and turned', 'ha-gevul' means 'the border', 'mi-ba'ala' means 'from Baalah', 'yamah' means 'south', 'el-har' means 'to the mountain', 'se'ir' means 'Seir', 've-avar' means 'and passed', 'el-ketef' means 'to the shoulder', 'har-ye'arim' means 'mountain of forests', 'mitzafona' means 'from the north', 'hi' means 'it is', 'kesalon' means 'Kesalon', 've-yarad' means 'and went down', 'beit-shemesh' means 'the House of the Sun', 've-avar' means 'and passed', 'timnah' means 'Timnah'.
[JOS.15.11] And the border went out to the shoulder of Ekron north, and the border turned to Shikrona, and it passed over the mountain of Baalah, and Yavnael went out, and the border's outlets were to the south. [§]
Veyatsa haggevul el keteph Ekron tzafona veta'ar haggevul shikronah veabar har-habaalah veyatsa Yavnael vehayu totzot haggevul yamma.
"Veyatsa" means "and went out", "haggevul" means "the border", "el" means "to", "keteph" means "the shoulder", "Ekron" is a proper place name, "tzafona" means "north", "veta'ar" means "and turned", "shikronah" is a proper place name, "veabar" means "and passed over", "har" means "the mountain", "habaalah" is a proper place name meaning "of Baalah", "vayatsa" means "and went out", "Yavnael" is a proper name, "vehayu" means "and were", "totzot" means "outlets", "yamma" means "south".
[JOS.15.12] And the border of the sea, the great sea, and this border is the border of the children of Judah around their families. [§]
u-gevul yam ha-yam ha-gadol u-gevul zeh gevul b'nei-yehuda saviv le-mishpechotam.
'u-gevul' means 'and the border', 'yam' means 'sea', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 'ha-gadol' means 'the great', 'u-gevul' again means 'and the border', 'zeh' means 'this', 'gevul' means 'border', 'b'nei-yehuda' means 'of the children of Judah', 'saviv' means 'around', 'le-mishpechotam' means 'to their families'.
[JOS.15.13] And to Kaleb the son of Yefuneh gave a share among the children of Judah according to Yahveh to Joshua the city of Arba, father of the donkey; it is Chevron. [§]
ulekhaleb ben-yefuneh natan chelek betoch bnei-yehudah el-pi Yahveh liYehoshua et-Kiryat Arba avi ha'anak hi chevron.
'ulekhaleb' means 'and to Kaleb', 'ben-yefuneh' means 'son of Yefuneh', 'natan' means 'gave', 'chelek' means 'a share' or 'portion', 'betoch' means 'within' or 'among', 'bnei-yehudah' means 'the children of Judah', 'el-pi' means 'according to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'liYehoshua' means 'to Joshua', 'et-Kiryat' means 'the city of', 'Arba' is a proper name, 'avi' means 'father', 'ha'anak' means 'the donkey', 'hi' means 'it is', and 'chevron' is a proper name.
[JOS.15.14] And he went out from there, Caleb, the three sons of the Anak—Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, the offspring of the Anak. [§]
Vayyoresh misham Kalev et shloshah b'nei ha'anak et Sheshai ve'et Achiman ve'et Talmai yelidei ha'anak.
'Vayyoresh' means 'and he went out', 'misham' means 'from there', 'Kalev' is the proper name 'Caleb', 'et' is the accusative marker often rendered as 'the' in English, 'shloshah' means 'three', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'ha'anak' means 'the Anak (giants)', 'Sheshai', 'Achiman', and 'Talmai' are proper names of those three sons, 'yelidei' means 'offspring of' or 'children of', and the final 'ha'anak' repeats 'the Anak'.
[JOS.15.15] And he went up from there to the inhabitants of Debir, and the name of Debir before was Kiryat Sefer. [§]
Vaya'al mishaam el-yoshvei Devir v'shem Devir lefanim Kiryat Sefer.
'Vaya'al' means 'and he went up', 'mishaam' means 'from there', 'el-yoshvei' means 'to the inhabitants of', 'Devir' is a place name, 'v'shem' means 'and the name', 'Devir' repeats the place name, 'lefanim' means 'before' or 'formerly', 'Kiryat Sefer' is another place name meaning 'city of the book'.
[JOS.15.16] And Kaleb said, 'who will strike the town of the book and capture her, and I will give him Aksah, my daughter, to a woman.' [§]
Vayomer Kaleb asher yakke et Qiryat sefer ulekadah venatati lo et Aksah biti leisha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Kaleb' is a personal name (literally 'dog' but used as a name), 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'yakke' means 'will strike' or 'will kill', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no translation), 'Qiryat' means 'town' or 'city', 'sefer' means 'book', 'ulekadah' means 'and capture her' or 'and seize her', 'venatati' means 'and I will give', 'lo' means 'to him', another 'et' is the object marker, 'Aksah' is a personal name, 'biti' means 'my daughter', and 'leisha' means 'to a woman'.
[JOS.15.17] And Atni'el son of Kenaz, brother of Caleb, captured it and gave him Achsah his daughter as a wife. [§]
vayilkedah Atni'el ben Kenaz achi Caleb vayitten lo et Achsah bitto leisha.
'vayilkedah' means 'and he captured (her/it)', 'Atni'el' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son', 'Kenaz' is a name, 'achi' means 'brother of', 'Caleb' is a name, 'vayitten' means 'and he gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Achsah' is a personal name, 'bitto' means 'his daughter', 'leisha' means 'as a wife'.
[JOS.15.18] And it was when she came, and she enticed him to ask for a field from his father, and she went down from the donkey, and he said to her, Kaleb, what are you doing? [§]
Vayehi bevo'ah, vat'sitehu lish'ol me'et-avihah sadeh, vatzinach me'al ha-chamor, vayomer-lah Kaleb ma-lach.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'bevo'ah' means 'when she came', 'vat'sitehu' means 'and she enticed him', 'lish'ol' means 'to ask', 'me'et-avihah' means 'from his father', 'sadeh' means 'field', 'vatzinach' means 'and she went down', 'me'al ha-chamor' means 'from on the donkey', 'vayomer-lah' means 'and he said to her', 'Kaleb' is a proper name meaning 'dog' or a personal name, 'ma' means 'what', 'lach' means 'are you going/doing'.
[JOS.15.19] And she said, 'Give me a blessing, because the land of the south you gave me, and you gave me water‑wells; and he gave her the upper wells and the lower wells.' [§]
Vataomer tena li beracha ki eretz ha-negev nitatani v'natata li gullot mayim vayiten lah et gullot iliyyot v'et gullot takhtiyyot.
'Vataomer' means 'and she said', 'tena' means 'give', 'li' means 'to me', 'beracha' means 'blessing', 'ki' means 'because', 'eretz' means 'land', 'ha-negev' means 'the south', 'nitatani' means 'you gave me', 'v'natata' means 'and you gave', 'gullot mayim' means 'water-wells', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'lah' means 'to her', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'gullot iliyyot' means 'upper wells', 'v'et' means 'and the', 'gullot takhtiyyot' means 'lower wells'.
[JOS.15.20] This is the inheritance of the tribe of Judah for their families. [§]
Zot nachalat mateh b'nei Yehudah le-mishpachotam.
'Zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'mateh' means 'tribe' (literally 'staff' or 'clan'), 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Yehudah' is the name Judah, 'le-mishpachotam' means 'to their families' or 'for their families'.
[JOS.15.21] And the cities were from the end of the clan of the children of Judah to the border of Edom in the south, Kabsiel, Edar, and Yagur. [§]
Vayihyu ha'arim miketze le-matte b'nei-yehuda el-gevul Edom ba-negevah Kabsze'el ve-Eder ve-Yagur.
'Vayihyu' means 'and they were', 'ha'arim' means 'the cities', 'miketze' means 'from the end', 'le-matte' means 'of the clan', 'b'nei-yehuda' means 'of the children of Judah', 'el-gevul' means 'to the border', 'Edom' is the name Edom, 'ba-negevah' means 'in the south', 'Kabsze'el' is a city name, 've-Eder' means 'and Edar' (city name), 've-Yagur' means 'and Yagur' (city name).
[JOS.15.22] and lament, and silence, and stubbornness. [§]
vekinah vedimona veadada.
've-' is the Hebrew conjunction meaning 'and'. 'kinah' (קִינָה) means 'a lament' or 'cry of mourning'. 'dimona' (דִימונה) is a rare poetic noun meaning 'silence' or 'muted speech', often used poetically for 'stillness'. 'adada' (עַדְעָדָה) is another obscure poetic noun meaning 'stubbornness' or 'hardness of heart', literally 'firm resolve'. The three words are linked by the conjunction 'and', listing three negative states.
[JOS.15.23] and holy, and courtyard, and (it) will be given. [§]
veqedesh vechatzoor ve-yitnan.
've' is the Hebrew conjunction meaning 'and'. 'qedesh' (קֶדֶש) denotes 'holy' or 'the holy thing'. 'chatzoor' (חָצֹור) refers to a 'courtyard' or an enclosed space. 'yitnan' (יִתְנָן) is the Niphal imperfect form of the verb 'to give' (נתן), meaning 'will be given' or 'shall be given'.
[JOS.15.24] Weight and a measure and offerings. [§]
Zif vatelem uve'alot.
'Zif' means 'weight' or 'measure of weight', 'vatelem' means 'and a measure' (a unit of weight or value), 'uve'alot' means 'and offerings' or 'and the things offered'.
[JOS.15.25] And a courtyard, one, and its offspring, a little courtyard; it is a courtyard. [§]
vechatsor chadatah ukriyyot chetsron hi chatsor.
've' means 'and', 'chatsor' means 'courtyard' or 'farm', 'chadatah' means 'one' (feminine), 'ukriyyot' means 'its children' or 'its offspring', 'chetsron' means 'little courtyard', 'hi' means 'it', and the final 'chatsor' repeats the word 'courtyard'.
[JOS.15.26] Truly, hear and be born. [§]
Amam ushema umoladah.
'Amam' means 'truly' or 'indeed'; 'ushema' is the conjunction 'and' plus the verb 'shama' meaning 'to hear' or 'listen'; 'umoladah' is the conjunction 'and' plus the noun 'moladah' meaning 'birth' or 'being born'.
[JOS.15.27] And the courtyard of Gadda and Chesmon and the house of Palet. [§]
Va chatsar Gadda ve cheshmon u beit Palet.
'Va' means 'and', 'chatsar' means 'courtyard' or 'court', 'Gadda' is a proper place name, 've' means 'and', 'cheshmon' is another proper place name, 'u' means 'and', 'beit' means 'house', 'Palet' is a proper place name.
[JOS.15.28] and the courtyard of the fox, the well of seven, and Bizotiyah. [§]
vachatzar shual uveir sheva ubizotiyah.
'vachatzar' means 'and courtyard', 'shual' means 'fox' (used here as a proper name), 'uveir' means 'and (in) the well', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'ubizotiyah' means 'and Bizotiyah' (a proper name).
[JOS.15.29] Owner and goats and bone. [§]
Baalah veiyim vaatzem.
'Baalah' means 'owner' or 'possessor', 'veiyim' means 'and goats', 'vaatzem' means 'and bone'.
[JOS.15.30] and birth, a fool, and a disgrace. [§]
ve'eltoled u'kesil ve'charmah.
've' means 'and', 'eltoled' means 'to be born' or 'birth', 'u' means 'and', 'kesil' means 'foolish', 've' again means 'and', 'charmah' means 'shame' or 'disgrace'.
[JOS.15.31] and metalwork and decoration and embellishment. [§]
ve-tziklag u-madmannah ve-sansannah.
"ve" means "and" (conjunction). "tziklag" is a noun referring to a type of ornamental metalwork or decorative shaping, often understood as "metalwork". "madmannah" is a noun denoting a decorative pattern or measured ornament, rendered here as "decoration". "sansannah" is a noun meaning a further ornamental detail or embellishment, translated as "embellishment".
[JOS.15.32] And to the gates, the messengers, the spring, and the pomegranate, all cities twenty‑nine and their courtyards. [§]
ulevot veshilchim veayin verimmon kol-areiim esrim vateisha vechatzrei hen.
'ulevot' means 'and to the gates', 'veshilchim' means 'and to the messengers/dispatches', 'veayin' means 'and (the) eye (often a spring)', 'verimmon' means 'and (the) pomegranate', 'kol-areiim' means 'all cities', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'vateisha' means 'and nine', 'vechatzrei hen' means 'and their courtyards'.
[JOS.15.33] In the low I will ask and I will be plagued and I will be ashamed. [§]
bashpela eshtaol vetzara veashna.
'bashpela' means 'in the low (place or condition)'. 'eshtaol' means 'I will ask' (future first person of the verb shaal). 'vetzara' means 'and I will be plagued' or 'and affliction'. 'veashna' means 'and I will be ashamed' (future first person of the verb ashana).
[JOS.15.34] and abandoned and the eye of the gardens apple and their eyes. [§]
vezanoch veein gannim tappuach vehaeinam.
'vezanoch' means 'and abandoned' or 'and forsaken', 'veein' means 'and eye' or 'and spring', 'gannim' means 'gardens', 'tappuach' means 'apple', 'vehaeinam' means 'and their eyes' or 'and the eyes'.
[JOS.15.35] Bitterness and their shame; they will be humbled and their strength broken. [§]
Yarmut ve'adullam sokho ve'azeka.
'Yarmut' is from the root y-r-m, meaning "bitterness". 'Ve' is the conjunction "and". 'Adullam' (from a-d-l) means "disgrace" or "shame" and with the suffix "-am" denotes "their disgrace". 'Sokho' (from s-k-h) conveys the idea of being humbled, ashamed, or brought low. 'Ve' again is "and". 'Azeka' (from a-z-q) refers to "strength" or "power"; with the suffix "-a" it indicates the state of that strength, i.e., "their strength" being broken or reduced.
[JOS.15.36] and two gates and two porches and the fence and two fences, fourteen cities and their courts. [§]
ve-sha'arayim ve-aditayim ve-hagederah u-gederotayim arim arba esreh ve-hatzeren.
've-sha'arayim' means 'and two gates', 've-aditayim' means 'and two porches', 've-hagederah' means 'and the fence', 'u-gederotayim' means 'and two fences', 'arim' means 'cities', 'arba esreh' means 'fourteen', 've-hatzeren' means 'and their courts'.
[JOS.15.37] A branch, a new one, and the tower of Gad. [§]
tze-nan vachadashah u-migdal-gad.
'tze-nan' means 'branch', 'vachadashah' means 'and a new (thing)', 'u-migdal-gad' means 'and the tower of Gad'.
[JOS.15.38] Dil'an and the Watcher and Yaqt God. [§]
ve-dil'an ve-hamitzpeh ve-yakte'el.
've' means 'and', 'dil'an' is a proper name left as transliterated, 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'mitzpeh' means 'watcher' or 'watchful one', and 'yakte'el' is a compound name ending in 'El' which is translated literally as 'God', so it is rendered as 'Yaqt God'.
[JOS.15.39] for a slaughter and a sprinkling and a kid. [§]
Lakish u'vatzkat ve'eglon.
'Lakish' is a transliteration of the Hebrew word לָכִישׁ meaning 'for a slaughter' (from the root related to killing). 'u'vatzkat' combines the conjunction 'u' (and) with וּבָצְקַת meaning 'a sprinkling' (from the verb to pour out). 've'eglon' combines the conjunction 've' (and) with וְעֶגְלֹן meaning 'a young goat' or 'kid'.
[JOS.15.40] and a cake and bread and a bowl. [§]
ve-kavon ve-lachmas ve-kitlish.
've' means 'and'. 'kavon' (כַבּוֹן) is a Hebrew noun meaning a cake or flat loaf, often a barley cake. 'lachmas' (לַחְמָס) is a form of the word for bread, denoting a piece or kind of bread. 'kitlish' (כִתְלִישׁ) is a rare noun referring to a small vessel, such as a bowl or shallow dish. The verse lists three items that were present.
[JOS.15.41] And the fences of the house of Dagon, and Naamah, and Makeda, sixteen cities, and their courtyards. [§]
Ugdorot beit-dagon v'na'ama u'makeda arim shesh-esreh v'hatzreihen.
'Ugdorot' means 'and the fences' (plural of fence). 'Beit-dagon' means 'the house of Dagon' (Dagon being a proper name). 'V'na'ama' means 'and Naamah' (a proper name). 'U'makeda' means 'and Makeda' (a proper name). 'Arim' means 'cities'. 'Shesh-esreh' means 'sixteen' (shesh = six, esreh = ten). 'V'hatzreihen' means 'and their courtyards' (plural of courtyard, with the suffix -hen indicating 'their').
[JOS.15.42] White, fat, and smoke. [§]
livnah ve'eter ve'ashan.
'livnah' means 'white' or 'whiteness', 've'eter' means 'and fat', 've'ashan' means 'and smoke'.
[JOS.15.43] and he will open, and I will double, and I will set. [§]
ve-yiftach ve-ashnah u-netsiv.
've' means 'and', 'yiftach' means 'he will open', 'ashnah' means 'I will double' (first‑person imperfect of the verb meaning to double or increase), 'u' is a conjunction meaning 'and', and 'netsiv' means 'I will set' or 'place' (first‑person imperfect of the verb to set or appoint).
[JOS.15.44] and oppression and cruelty and a beginning nine cities and their courtyards. [§]
Ukeilah veakziv umaresha arim tesha vechatzreihen.
'Ukeilah' means 'and oppression', 'veakziv' means 'and cruelty', 'umaresha' means 'and a beginning' (or figuratively 'and rebellion'), 'arim' means 'cities', 'tesha' means 'nine', 'vechatzreihen' means 'and their courtyards'.
[JOS.15.45] Ekron and its daughters and its courtyards. [§]
Ekron ubenoteha vachatzereha.
'Ekron' means 'Ekron' (a city name or literally a hedge), 'u' means 'and', 'benoteha' means 'her daughters', 'vachatzereha' means 'and its courtyards'.
[JOS.15.46] From the back and from the right, all that is upon the hand of Ashdod and its courts. [§]
Meekron veyamah kol asher al yad Ashdod vechatzreihen.
'Meekron' means 'from the back', 'veyamah' means 'and from the right', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'al' means 'upon', 'yad' means 'hand', 'Ashdod' is the name of a city, 'vechatzreihen' means 'and its courts'.
[JOS.15.47] Ashdod, its daughters and its courtyards, strong; its daughters and its courtyards, to the river of Egypt, and the great sea, and its border. [§]
Ashdod benoteyha vachatzareiha azza benoteyha vachatzareiha ad-nachal Mitzrayim vehayam hagavol ugevul.
'Ashdod' is the name of the city. 'benoteyha' means 'her daughters' (literally 'the daughters of it'). 'vachatzareiha' means 'and her courtyards' (or 'forts'). 'azza' is the adjective 'strong' (or the name Azza). The phrase repeats 'benoteyha vachatzareiha' again. 'ad-nachal' means 'to the river' and 'Mitzrayim' is the proper name 'Egypt'. 'vehayam' means 'and the sea', 'hagavol' means 'the great', and 'ugevul' means 'and its border' or 'boundary'.
[JOS.15.48] And on the mountain the watcher and the giver and the gladdener. [§]
Uva har shamir ve'yatir ve'sokho.
'Uva' means 'and on', 'har' means 'the mountain', 'shamir' means 'watcher' (from the root shamar 'to keep, guard'), 've'yatir' means 'and giver' (from the root yatar 'to give, grant'), 've'sokho' means 'and gladdener' (from the root sakhah 'to be glad, rejoice').
[JOS.15.49] And Dana and the city of Sannah, it is a word. [§]
ve Dana ve Qiryat-Sannah hi dvar.
've' means 'and', 'Dana' is a proper name, 've' again means 'and', 'Qiryat' means 'city of', 'Sannah' is a proper name, 'hi' means 'she' or 'it', 'dvar' means 'word' or 'matter'.
[JOS.15.50] and grapes and I will drink and clouds. [§]
va'anav ve'esh'temo ve'aním.
'va'anav' means 'and grapes', 've'esh'temo' is the first‑person singular imperfect of the verb 'to drink' meaning 'and I will drink', and 've'aním' means 'and clouds'.
[JOS.15.51] and Goshen and Cholon and Giloah, eleven cities and their courtyards. [§]
vegoshen vecholon vegiloh arim achat-eshreh vechatzeihen.
've-' means 'and', 'goshen' is a proper name of a region, 'cholon' is a proper name of a region, 'giloh' is a proper name of a region, 'arim' means 'cities', 'achat-eshreh' is a compound meaning 'one and ten', i.e., eleven, 've-' again means 'and', 'chatzeihen' means 'their courtyards' or 'their courts'.
[JOS.15.52] Increase, be exalted, and be humbled. [§]
Arav ve-ruma ve-eshan.
'Arav' means 'increase' (a verb form of the root R-V-B, to become greater). 've' is the conjunction meaning 'and'. 'Ruma' means 'be lifted up' or 'be exalted' (from the root R-M-H). The second 've' again means 'and'. 'Eshan' is a verb form meaning 'to be ashamed' or 'to be humbled' (from the root Sh-?-N, used poetically for humiliation).
[JOS.15.53] And Yanim and the House of Apple and Apekah. [§]
veyanim ubeit-tappuach va'afekah.
've-' means 'and', 'yanim' is a proper name of a place (Yanim), 'ubeit-tappuach' means 'and the house of apple' (a place called House of Apple), 'va' means 'and', 'afekah' is a proper name of a place (Aphekah).
[JOS.15.54] And Chumta and Kiryat Arba, that is Hebron, and Zior, nine cities and their courtyards. [§]
vechumta veqiryat arba hi hevron ve tzi'or arim teshah vechatzreihen.
've' means 'and', 'chumta' is a proper place name, 've' again means 'and', 'qiryat' means 'city of', 'arba' means 'four', 'hi' means 'it is', 'hevron' is the city Hebron, 've' again means 'and', 'tzi'or' is a proper place name, 'arim' means 'cities', 'teshah' means 'nine', 've' again means 'and', 'chatzreihen' means 'their courtyards' or 'their villages'.
[JOS.15.55] Dwelling, a garden, and splendor, and abundance. [§]
Maon Karmel vazif ve-yuta.
'Maon' means 'dwelling place' or 'habitation'. 'Karmel' refers to a fertile, vine‑covered hill or garden (often rendered as 'Carmel' or 'orchard'). 'Vazif' is the conjunction 'and' plus 'zif', which in this context is understood as 'splendor' or 'beauty' (from the root meaning brightness). 'Ve-yuta' is the conjunction 'and' plus 'yuta', meaning 'abundance' or 'a plentiful flow' (from the root that denotes overflow or plenty).
[JOS.15.56] And he will sow God, and he will be honored, and he will be at ease. [§]
ve-yizrael ve-yakdeam ve-zanoach.
've' means 'and', 'yizrael' is formed from the verb 'yizra' meaning 'he will sow' and the divine name 'el' meaning 'God', so it literally means 'he will sow God', 'yakdeam' comes from the root k-d-m meaning 'to be honored' and translates as 'he will be honored', 'zanoach' derives from the root z-n-ḥ meaning 'to be at ease or content' and translates as 'he will be at ease'.
[JOS.15.57] The hill country and the plain, ten cities and their villages. [§]
ha-kaïn gib'ah ve-timnah arim eser ve-chatzreihen.
'ha-kaïn' means 'the hill country' (literally 'the hill'), 'gib'ah' reinforces the idea of 'hill' or 'high land', 've-timnah' means 'and the plain' (low land), 'arim' means 'cities', 'eser' means 'ten', and 've-chatzreihen' means 'and their courtyards' or 'villages'.
[JOS.15.58] Shatter the house of the rock and the wall. [§]
Chalchul beit-tzur ugedor.
'Chalchul' means 'to shatter or destroy', 'beit' means 'house', 'tzur' means 'rock' (so 'beit-tzur' is 'house of the rock'), and 'u' is the conjunction 'and', 'gedor' means 'wall' or 'fence'.
[JOS.15.59] and a meadow, and the house of mourning, and a settlement, six cities and their courtyards. [§]
u'ma'arah u'veit-anot v'eltekon arim shesh v'chatzrei hen.
'u'' means 'and', 'ma'arah' means 'meadow' or 'pasture', 'u'' again means 'and', 'beit-anot' means 'house of mourning' (anot = mourning or grief), 'v'' means 'and', 'eltekon' is a difficult word that likely comes from the root 'tkn' meaning 'to settle' and is taken here as 'a settlement' or 'a place of dwelling', 'arim' means 'cities', 'shesh' means 'six', 'v'' again means 'and', 'chatzrei' means 'courtyards' or 'inner courts', 'hen' means 'their'.
[JOS.15.60] Kiryat Baal, it is a city of forests and many towns, two, and their courtyards. [§]
Qiryat-Ba'al hiya Qiryat Ya'arim vehaRabba arim shtayim ve hatsreihen.
'Qiryat-Ba'al' means 'city of Baal', 'hiya' means 'it is', 'Qiryat' means 'city', 'Ya'arim' means 'forests', 'vehaRabba' means 'and many' or 'great', 'arim' means 'towns', 'shtayim' means 'two', 've' means 'and', 'hatsreihen' means 'their courtyards' or 'their courts'.
[JOS.15.61] In the desert, the house of the wilderness, judgment and its covering. [§]
bamiddbar beit ha'aravah midin usekakah.
'bamiddbar' means 'in the desert', 'beit' means 'house', 'ha'aravah' means 'the wilderness', 'midin' means 'judgment' or 'of judgment', 'usekakah' means 'and its covering' or 'and its awning'.
[JOS.15.62] And Nivshan, and the city of salt, and the spring of Gedi, six towns, and their courts. [§]
vehanivshan veir ha-melach veeyn Gedi arim shesh vechatsreihen.
've' means 'and' (a conjunction). 'hanivshan' is a proper name, likely a place, so it is left as Nivshan. 'veir' means 'and city'. 'ha-melach' means 'the salt', together 'the city of salt'. 'veeyn' means 'and spring' or 'and spring of'. 'Gedi' is a proper name meaning 'kid' (young goat) but here treated as a place name, so kept as Gedi. 'arim' means 'towns' (plural of 'city'), and 'shesh' means 'six'. 'vechatsreihen' means 'and their courts' or 'inner courtyards'. The phrase lists a series of locations and attributes.
[JOS.15.63] And the Jebusite dwelling in Jerusalem could not be driven out by the children of Judah, and the Jebusite lived among the children of Judah in Jerusalem until this day. [§]
ve'et ha-yevusi yoshevei Yerushalayim lo yakhlu bnei Yehudah lehorisham vayeshav ha-yevusi et bnei Yehudah birushalayim ad hayom hazeh.
've'et' means 'and (the)', 'ha-yevusi' means 'the Jebusite', 'yoshevei' means 'dwelling' or 'inhabitants', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'lo' means 'not', 'yakhlu' means 'they could', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'lehorisham' means 'to drive them out', 'vayeshev' means 'and he dwelt', 'et' is a direct object marker (no translation), 'birushalayim' means 'in Jerusalem', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
JOS.16
[JOS.16.1] And the lot went out for the sons of Joseph, from the Jordan to Jericho, to the waters of Jericho, from the east of the desert, climbing up from Jericho on the mountain, the house of God. [§]
Vayetze ha goral livnei Yosef miYarden Yericho lemei Yericho mizracha hamidbar oleh miriyicho ba-har beit El.
'Vayetze' means 'and went out', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'goral' means 'lot' (as in drawing lots), 'livnei' means 'for the sons of', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'miYarden' means 'from the Jordan', 'Yericho' refers to the city Jericho, 'lemei' means 'to the waters of', 'mizracha' means 'from the east', 'hamidbar' means 'the desert', 'oleh' means 'climbing up', 'miriyicho' means 'from Jericho', 'ba-har' means 'on the mountain', and 'beit El' means 'house of God' (with 'El' translated literally as 'God').
[JOS.16.2] And he went out from the house of God to Luzah and crossed to the long border of crowns. [§]
ve yatsa mi-beit el luza ve avar el-gevul haarki atarot.
've' means 'and', 'yatsa' means 'went out', 'mi-beit' means 'from house', 'el' means 'God', 'luza' is a proper name of a place, 've' again means 'and', 'avar' means 'crossed', 'el-gevul' means 'to the border', 'haarki' means 'the long', 'atarot' means 'crowns'.
[JOS.16.3] And he went down south to the border of the Yafleti, until the border of Lower Beit Horon, and to Gazer, and their going out shall be south. [§]
veyarad yamma el gevul hayafleti ad gevul beit choron tachton vead gazer vehayu totsoatav yamma.
'veyarad' means 'and went down', 'yamma' means 'south', 'el' means 'to', 'gevul' means 'border', 'hayafleti' means 'the Yafleti', 'ad' means 'until', 'beit' means 'house', 'choron' means 'Horon', 'tachton' means 'lower', 'vead' means 'and to', 'gazer' means 'Gazer', 'vehayu' means 'and they shall be', 'totsoatav' means 'their going out'.
[JOS.16.4] And the sons of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim. [§]
Vayinchalu banei Yosef Menashe veEphraim.
'Vayinchalu' means 'and they inherited' or 'and they possessed', 'banei' means 'the sons of', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'Menashe' is the name Manasseh, and 'veEphraim' means 'and Ephraim'.
[JOS.16.5] And there was a border of the sons of Ephraim to their families; and there was a border of their inheritance eastward, the borders of Adar up to the house of Horon the Most High. [§]
Vayehi gevul b'nei Ephraim le-mishpachotam vayehi gevul nachalatam mizrachah atrot Adar ad beit Choron Elyon.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'gevul' means 'border', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Ephraim' is the name of the tribe, 'le-mishpachotam' means 'to their families', 'vayehi' again means 'and it was', 'gevul' again means 'border', 'nachalatam' means 'their inheritance' or 'their portion', 'mizrachah' means 'to the east' or 'eastward', 'atrot' means 'borders' or 'courts', 'Adar' is a place name, 'ad' means 'until' or 'up to', 'beit' means 'house', 'Choron' is a place name, 'Elyon' means 'Most High'.
[JOS.16.6] And the boundary of the sea that runs from the north turned east toward the plain of Shiloh and passed from the east to its resting place. [§]
ve-yatsa ha-gevul ha-yamah ha-mikmetet mi-tzafon ve-nasav ha-gevul mi-zracha ta-anat shilo ve-avar oto mi-mizrah yanokha.
've' means 'and', 'yatsa' means 'went out' or 'issued', 'ha-gevul' means 'the boundary', 'ha-yamah' means 'the sea', 'ha-mikmetet' is a variant form meaning 'the turning' or 'the southern part', 'mi-tzafon' means 'from the north', 've-nasav' means 'and turned', 'mi-zracha' means 'to the east', 'ta-anat' is understood as a place name meaning 'the plain of', 'shilo' refers to the location Shiloh, 've-avar' means 'and passed', 'oto' means 'it', 'mi-mizrah' means 'from the east', 'yanokha' means 'to rest' or 'to settle'.
[JOS.16.7] And he went down from Yanokhah, crowns and his youth, and he struck his stone, and he went out the Jordan. [§]
veyarad mi-yanokhah atarot ve-na'aratah u-paga bi-yiricho veyatzah ha-yarden.
'veyarad' means 'and he went down', 'mi-yanokhah' means 'from Yanokhah' (a place name), 'atarot' means 'crowns', 've-na'aratah' means 'and his youth', 'u-paga' means 'and he struck/encountered', 'bi-yiricho' means 'in his yirich' (a term for a stone or pillar), 'veyatzah' means 'and he went out', 'ha-yarden' means 'the Jordan (river)'.
[JOS.16.8] From the orchard the border shall go to the sea, a stream of possession, and its outlets will be the sea; this is the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim for their families. [§]
mitappuach yelek hagebul yamma nachal kanah vehayu totsotav hayamma zot nachalat matte b'nei-efraim lemispechotam.
'mitappuach' means 'from the fruit' or 'from the orchard', 'yelek' means 'shall go', 'hagebul' means 'the border', 'yamma' means 'the sea', 'nachal' means 'stream' or 'brook', 'kanah' means 'possession' or 'claim', 'vehayu' means 'and they will be', 'totsotav' (tots'otav) means 'its outlets' or 'its discharges', 'hayamma' again 'the sea', 'zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance' or 'portion', 'matte' means 'staff' but idiomatically 'tribe', 'b'nei-efraim' means 'the sons of Ephraim', and 'lemispechotam' means 'to their families' or 'to their clans'. The phrase uses an ancient idiom of describing territorial boundaries in terms of natural landmarks (fruit, border, sea, streams). I render that idiom in clear English while preserving the literal elements.
[JOS.16.9] And the distinct cities of the sons of Ephraim within the inheritance of the sons of Manasseh, all the cities and their courtyards. [§]
Veha'aarim hamivdalot livnei Ephraim betoch nachalat b'nei Menashe kol ha'aarim vechatzreyhen.
'Ve' means 'and', 'ha'aarim' means 'the cities', 'hamivdalot' means 'the separated' or 'the distinct', 'livnei' means 'of the sons of', 'Ephraim' is the name of the tribe, 'betoch' means 'within', 'nachalat' means 'the inheritance', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Menashe' is the name of the tribe, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'aarim' again means 'the cities', 've' means 'and', 'chatzreyhen' means 'their courtyards'.
[JOS.16.10] And they did not drive out the Canaanite who lived in Gazer, and the Canaanite dwelt among the people of Ephraim to this very day, and it became a burden of labor. [§]
Ve lo horishu et haKna'ani hayoshev beGazer vayyeshev haKna'ani beKerev Ephraim ad hayom hazeh vayhi lemas oved Pe
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'horishu' means 'they drove out', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'haKna'ani' means 'the Canaanite', 'hayoshev' means 'who dwells', 'beGazer' means 'in Gazer', 'vayyeshev' means 'and he dwelt', 'beKerev' means 'among', 'Ephraim' is the tribe of Ephraim, 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'this day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vayhi' means 'and it became', 'lemas' means 'a plague' or 'a burden', 'oved' means 'working' or 'labor', 'Pe' is a paragraph marker.
JOS.17
[JOS.17.1] And it was the lot for the clan of Manasseh, for he was the firstborn Joseph to the buyer of the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead; for he was a warrior, and Gilead and Bashan were his. [§]
Vayehi haggoral le-matteh Menashe ki hu bechor Yosef le-machir bechor Menashe avi ha-Gilaad ki hu hayah ish milchamah vayhi-lo ha-Gilaad veha-Bashan.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'haggoral' means 'the lot', 'le-matteh' means 'to the clan', 'Menashe' means 'Manasseh', 'ki' means 'for', 'hu' means 'he', 'bechor' means 'firstborn', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'le-machir' means 'to the buyer', 'bechor Menashe' means 'firstborn of Manasseh', 'avi' means 'father', 'ha-Gilaad' means 'of Gilead', 'hayah' means 'was', 'ish milchamah' means 'a warrior', 'vayhi-lo' means 'and it was to him', 'veha-Bashan' means 'and Bashan'.
[JOS.17.2] And the remaining sons of Manasseh, according to their families, the sons of Abiezar, the sons of Helek, the sons of Asriel, the sons of Shechem, the sons of Chepher, and the sons of Shemidah; these are the male descendants of Manasseh the son of Joseph, according to their families. [§]
vaihi livnei menashe hanotarim lemisphochatam livnei aviezer ve livnei-chelek ve livnei asriel ve livnei-shechem ve livnei-chefer ve livnei shemidah alei bnei menashe ben-yosef hazekharim lemisphochatam
'vaihi' means 'and it happened', 'livnei' means 'the sons of', 'menashe' means 'Manasseh', 'hanotarim' means 'the remaining', 'lemi?sphochatam' means 'according to their families', 'aviezer' means 'Abiezar', 'chelek' means 'Helek', 'asriel' means 'Asriel', 'shechem' means 'Shechem', 'chefer' means 'Chepher', 'shemidah' means 'Shemidah', 'alei' means 'these are', 'bnei' means 'the sons of', 'ben-yosef' means 'son of Joseph', 'hazekharim' means 'the males', 'lemi?sphochatam' repeats 'according to their families'.
[JOS.17.3] And to Zelophehad son of Hefer son of Gilad son of Machir son of Menashe there were not sons for him because only daughters; and these are the names of his daughters: Machalah, Noa, Chagalah, Milkah and Tirzah. [§]
ve-li-tzelofhad ben-hefer ben-gilad ben-machir ben-menashe lo-hayu lo banim ki im banot ve-elleh shmoth benotav machalah ve-noah chagalah milkah ve-tirzah.
've' means 'and', 'li' means 'to/for', 'tzelofhad' is the personal name Zelophehad, 'ben' means 'son of', 'hefer' is the name Hefer, 'gilad' is the name Gilad, 'machir' is the name Machir, 'menashe' is the name Menashe, 'lo' means 'not', 'hayu' means 'were', 'lo' (second) means 'to him/for him', 'banim' means 'sons', 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'but', 'banot' means 'daughters', 've' means 'and', 'elleh' means 'these', 'shmoth' means 'names', 'benotav' means 'his daughters', 'machalah' is a female name Machalah, 've' means 'and', 'noah' is a female name Noa, 'chagalah' is a female name Chagalah, 'milkah' is a female name Milkah, 've' means 'and', 'tirzah' is a female name Tirzah.
[JOS.17.4] And they approached before Eleazar the priest and before Joshua son of Nun and before the leaders, to say, Yahveh commanded Moses to give us an inheritance among our brothers, and He gave them, by the mouth of Yahveh, an inheritance among the brothers of their fathers. [§]
Vatikeravneh lifnei Eleazar hakohen ve lifnei Yehoshua ben Nun ve lifnei hanesi'im le'emor Yahveh tzivah et Moshe latet lanu nachalah betoch achenu vayiten lahem el pi Yahveh nachalah betoch ahei avihe'n.
'Vatikeravneh' means 'and they approached', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Eleazar' is the name of the priest, 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 've' means 'and', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Nun' is the name, 'hanesi'im' means 'the leaders', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'et' is a particle introducing the object, 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'latet' means 'to give', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'nachalah' means 'inheritance', 'betoch' means 'among', 'achenu' means 'our brothers', 'vayiten' means 'and He gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'el pi' means 'by the mouth of', 'ahei' means 'brothers', 'avihe'n' means 'of their fathers'.
[JOS.17.5] And the cords of Menashe fell ten alone from the land of Gilead and Bashan that is beyond the Jordan. [§]
Vayiplu chablei Menashe asarah levad meEretz haGilad veHabashan asher meEber layarden.
'Vayiplu' means 'and they fell', 'chablei' means 'the cords', 'Menashe' is a proper name, 'asarah' means 'ten', 'levad' means 'alone' or 'only', 'meEretz' means 'from the land of', 'haGilad' means 'the Gilead', 'veHabashan' means 'and the Bashan', 'asher' means 'that', 'meEber' means 'beyond', 'layarden' means 'the Jordan'.
[JOS.17.6] Because the daughters of Manasseh inherited a share among his sons, and the land of Gilead was for the remaining sons of Manasseh. [§]
Ki benot Menashe nachalu nachala betoch banav ve'eretz haGilead hayetah livnei-Menashe hanotrim.
'Ki' means 'because', 'benot' means 'daughters', 'Menashe' is a proper name, 'nachalu' means 'inherited', 'nachala' means 'a share', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of', 'banav' means 'his sons', 've'eretz' means 'and the land', 'haGilead' means 'the Gilead', 'hayetah' means 'was', 'livnei-Menashe' means 'to the sons of Manasseh', 'hanotrim' means 'the remaining'.
[JOS.17.7] And the border of Menashe from Asher the Mikhmash which is opposite Shekem, and the border went to the right to the dwellers of the spring of Tappuach. [§]
Vayehi gevul-Menashe mei Asher ha-mikhmatah asher al-pnei Shekem vehalach ha-gevul el ha-yamin el yoshvei Ein Tappuach.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'gevul-Menashe' means 'border of Menashe', 'mei Asher' means 'from Asher', 'ha-mikhmatah' means 'the Mikhmash' (a place name), 'asher' means 'which', 'al-pnei' means 'in front of' or 'opposite', 'Shekem' is a place name, 'vehalach' means 'and went', 'ha-gevul' means 'the border', 'el ha-yamin' means 'to the right', 'el' means 'to', 'yoshvei' means 'the dwellers of', 'Ein' means 'spring' or 'well', 'Tappuach' is a place name meaning 'apple' or 'apple orchard'.
[JOS.17.8] To Manasseh there was a land of apple, and an apple toward the border of Manasseh for the sons of Ephraim. [§]
Limnashe hayta erets tappuach ve-tappuach el-gevul Minashe livnei Ephraim.
'Limnashe' means 'to Manasseh', 'hayta' means 'was', 'erets' means 'land', 'tappuach' means 'apple', 've-tappuach' means 'and apple', 'el' means 'to', 'gevul' means 'border', 'Minashe' means 'Manasseh', 'livnei' means 'to the sons of', 'Ephraim' means 'Ephraim'.
[JOS.17.9] And the border went down to the stream Kana, turning toward the stream; these cities are for Ephraim within the cities of Manasseh, and the border of Manasseh is north of the stream, and its exit was today. [§]
ve-yarad ha-gebul nachal kana negbeh la-nachal arim ha-elle le-Ephraim be-tokh arei Menashe u-gebul Menashe mitspon la-nachal va-yehi tots'otav hayyom.
've-yarad' means 'and went down', 'ha-gebul' means 'the border', 'nachal' means 'the stream', 'kana' is a proper name of a stream, 'negbeh' means 'bending' or 'turning', 'la-nachal' means 'to the stream', 'arim' means 'cities', 'ha-elle' means 'these', 'le-Ephraim' means 'for Ephraim', 'be-tokh' means 'within', 'arei' means 'the cities of', 'Menashe' is a tribal name, 'u-gebul' means 'and the border', 'mitspon' means 'north', 'va-yehi' means 'and it was', 'tots'otav' means 'its going out' or 'its exit', 'hayyom' means 'today'. The phrase 'went down the border' is an idiom meaning that the border descends or runs down to the named stream.
[JOS.17.10] Northward of Ephraim and northward of Manasseh; and the sea was its border; and in Asher they shall be struck from the north, and in Issachar from the east. [§]
Negvah leEphrayim veTzafona liMenashe vayehi hayam gevulo uveAsher yipgeun mitzafon uveIssachar mimizarach.
'Negvah' means 'northward' or 'to the north', 'leEphrayim' means 'to Ephraim', 'veTzafona' means 'and northward', 'liMenashe' means 'to Manasseh', 'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'gevulo' means 'its border', 'uveAsher' means 'in Asher', 'yipgeun' means 'they shall be struck' or 'they shall meet', 'mitzafon' means 'from the north', 'uveIssachar' means 'in Issachar', 'mimizarach' means 'from the east'.
[JOS.17.11] And it happened to Menashe in Yissakhar and in Ashar, the house of Shaan and its daughters, and Yivlaam and its daughters, and the inhabitants of Dor and its daughters, and the inhabitants of Ein Dor and its daughters, and the inhabitants of Taanech and its daughters, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and its daughters, three generations. [§]
Vayehi leMenashe b'Yissakhar u'veAshar beit Shaan u'venotah veyivlaam u'venotah ve'et yoshvei Dor u'venotah veyoshvei Ein Dor u'venotah veyoshvei Taanech u'venotah veyoshvei Megiddo u'venotah shloshet hanapet.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'leMenashe' means 'to Menashe', 'b'Yissakhar' means 'in Yissakhar', 'u'veAshar' means 'and in Ashar', 'beit Shaan' means 'house of Shaan', 'u'venotah' means 'and its daughters', 'veyivlaam' means 'and Yivlaam', the repeated 'u'venotah' means 'and its daughters', 've'et' is a conjunctive particle often rendered 'and the', 'yoshvei Dor' means 'inhabitants of Dor', the following 'u'venotah' again means 'and its daughters', similarly 'yoshvei Ein Dor' means 'inhabitants of Ein Dor', 'yoshvei Taanech' means 'inhabitants of Taanech', 'yoshvei Megiddo' means 'inhabitants of Megiddo', and finally 'shloshet hanapet' means 'three generations' or 'three families'.
[JOS.17.12] And the children of Manasseh could not drive out these cities, and the Canaanite dwelt in this land. [§]
Ve lo yachlu b'nei Menashe lehorish et ha'arim haelle vayowel haknaani l'shev baaretz hazot.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yachlu' means 'were able', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Menashe' is a proper name, 'lehorish' means 'to drive out', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha'arim' means 'the cities', 'haelle' means 'these', 'vayowel' means 'and the Canaanite dwelt', 'haknaani' means 'the Canaanite', 'l'shev' means 'to live', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'hazot' means 'this'.
[JOS.17.13] And it happened that the children of Israel grew strong, and they gave the Canaanite to be a slave, and the sojourner did not expel him. [§]
vayehi ki chazku b'nei Yisrael vayitnu et haknaani lamas vehoreish lo horisho.
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'chazku' means 'they grew strong', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'vayitnu' means 'and they gave', 'et' is a direct object marker and is not rendered in English, 'haknaani' means 'the Canaanite', 'lamas' means 'to enslave' or 'to make a servant', 'vehoreish' means 'and the sojourner', 'lo' means 'not', 'horisho' means 'did expel him'.
[JOS.17.14] And the sons of Joseph spoke to Joshua, saying, 'Why have you given me only one inheritance, one lot, and one rope, when I am a great multitude, until Yahveh has blessed me?' [§]
Vay'dab'ru b'nei Yosef et-Yehoshua le'emor madua natatah li nachala goral echad vechevel echad va'ani am-rov ad asher-ad-ko berachani Yahveh.
'Vay'dab'ru' means 'they spoke', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'et' is the direct‑object marker (often left untranslated), 'Yehoshua' is the proper name Joshua, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'madua' means 'why', 'natatah' means 'you gave', 'li' means 'to me', 'nachala' means 'inheritance', 'goral' means 'portion' or 'lot', 'echad' means 'one', 'vechevel' means 'and a cord/rope', the second 'echad' again means 'one', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'am-rov' means 'a great multitude', 'ad' means 'until' or 'as far as', 'asher-ad-ko' is an idiom meaning 'as far as you' or 'until this point', 'berachani' means 'blessed me', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[JOS.17.15] And he said to them Joshua, 'If you are a great people, go up yourself to the forest and go out there into the land of the Perizzites and the Rafaites, for a sharp ridge lies before you on the mountain of Ephraim.' [§]
Vayomer alehem Yehoshua im am rav attah ale lecha hayya'ara u'vereita lecha sham be'aretz haPerazi veharfa'im ki-atz lecha har-Ephraim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Yehoshua' is composed of 'Yahveh' (the divine name) and 'shua' meaning 'salvation', thus 'Yahveh-salvation', 'im' means 'if', 'am' means 'people', 'rav' means 'great' or 'many', 'attah' means 'you (singular)', 'ale' means 'go up', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'hayya'ara' means 'the forest', 'u'vereita' means 'and you shall go out', 'sham' means 'there', 'be'ere tz' means 'in the land of', 'haPerazi' means 'the Perizzite (land of the Perizzites)', 'veharfa'im' means 'and the Rafaites', 'ki' means 'for', 'atz' means 'a sharp ridge or obstacle', 'har-Ephraim' means 'the mountain of Ephraim'.
[JOS.17.16] And the sons of Joseph said, 'The mountain will not be found for us, and an iron chariot for all the Canaanites who dwell in the land of the valley, for the one in the house of Shan and its daughters, and for the one in the valley of Jezreel.' [§]
vayomaru bnei Yosef lo yimmatse lanu ha har ve rekhav barzel bechol ha kna'ani ha yoshev be eretz ha emek la'asher be veit Shan uvenoteha ve la'asher be emek Yizrael
'vayomaru' means 'and they said', 'bnei' means 'sons', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'lo' means 'not', 'yimmatse' means 'will be found', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'ha har' means 'the mountain', 've' means 'and', 'rekhav' means 'chariot', 'barzel' means 'iron', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'ha kna'ani' means 'the Canaanite', 'ha yoshev' means 'who dwells', 'be eretz' means 'in the land', 'ha emek' means 'of the valley', 'la'asher' means 'for the one who', 'be veit Shan' means 'in the house of Shan', 'uvenoteha' means 'and its daughters', 've la'asher' means 'and for the one who', 'be emek Yizrael' means 'in the valley of Jezreel'.
[JOS.17.17] You are a great people and great is your strength; no portion shall be yours. [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua el-bet Yosef le-Ephraim ve-li-Menashe lemor am rav attah ve-koach gadol lakh lo yihye lekha goral echad.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said'; 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua; 'el-bet' means 'to the house (of)'; 'Yosef' is the name Joseph; 'le-Ephraim' means 'to Ephraim'; 've-li-Menashe' means 'and to Manasseh'; 'lemor' means 'saying'; 'am' means 'people' or 'multitude'; 'rav' means 'great' or 'many'; 'attah' means 'you' (singular); 've-koach' means 'and strength'; 'gadol' means 'great'; 'lakh' means 'to you'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'yihye' means 'shall be'; 'lekha' means 'for you'; 'goral' means 'portion' or 'lot'; 'echad' means 'one'.
[JOS.17.18] For the mountain will be to you, because it is a forest, and in your fear, and it will be to you its exits, for he will drive out the Canaanite, for a chariot of iron is his, for he is strong. [§]
Ki har yiheyeh-lakh ki ya'ar hu u'vereito ve-hayah lekha tots'otav ki torish et hakena'ani ki rekeb barzel lo ki chazak hu.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'har' means 'the mountain', 'yiheyeh' means 'will be', 'lakh' means 'to you', 'ki' means 'because', 'ya'ar' means 'a forest', 'hu' means 'it is', 'u'vereito' means 'and your fear' (or 'and in your fear'), 've-hayah' means 'and it will be', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'tots'otav' means 'its exits' or 'its outgoings', 'ki' means 'for', 'torish' means 'he will drive out', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hakena'ani' means 'the Canaanite', 'ki' means 'for', 'rekeb' means 'chariot', 'barzel' means 'iron', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'his', 'ki' means 'for', 'chazak' means 'strong', 'hu' means 'he'.
JOS.18
[JOS.18.1] All the assembly of the children of Israel gathered at Shiloh, and they set up there the tent of meeting, and the land was subdued before them. [§]
Vayikahaloo kol-adat b'nei Yisrael Shiloh vayashkinu sham et-ohel Mo'ed vehaaretz nichbeshah lifneihem.
'Vayikahaloo' means 'and they gathered', 'kol-adat' means 'all the assembly', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'children of Israel', 'Shiloh' is a place name, 'vayashkinu' means 'and they camped', 'sham' means 'there', 'et-ohel' means 'the tent of', 'Mo'ed' means 'meeting', 'vehaaretz' means 'and the land', 'nichbeshah' means 'was subdued or occupied', 'lifneihem' means 'before them'.
[JOS.18.2] And they were omitted among the children of Israel who had not divided their inheritance, seven tribes. [§]
Vayivateru bi-b'nei Yisrael asher lo chal'ku et nachalatam shiva shevatim.
'Vayivateru' means 'and they were omitted' or 'were set apart', 'bi-b'nei' means 'among the children (of)', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'lo' means 'not', 'chal'ku' means 'they divided' or 'they allotted', 'et' is a grammatical direct‑object marker, 'nachalatam' means 'their inheritance', 'shiva' means 'seven', and 'shevatim' means 'tribes'.
[JOS.18.3] And Joshua said to the children of Israel, How long will you be lingering to come inherit the land that Yahveh the Gods of your ancestors gave to you. [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua el-bnei Yisrael ad ana atem mitrapim lavo lareshet et haaretz asher natan lakhem Yahveh Elohei avoteichem.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'el' means 'to', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ad' means 'until', 'ana' means 'how long', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'mitrapim' means 'are hesitating/lingering', 'lavo' means 'to come', 'lareshet' means 'to inherit', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'natan' means 'gave', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'the Gods of', 'avoteichem' means 'your ancestors'.
[JOS.18.4] Assign three men of the tribe for yourselves, and I will send them, and they will arise and walk in the land, and they will write it according to their inheritance, and they will come to me. [§]
Havu lachem shlosha anashim lashevet v'eshlahem v'yakumu v'yithalechu baaretz v'yichtvu otah lefi nachalatam v'yavohu elai.
'Havu' means 'Give', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'anashim' means 'men', 'lashevet' means 'for the tribe', 'v'eshlahem' means 'and I will send them', 'v'yakumu' means 'and they will arise', 'v'yithalechu' means 'and they will walk', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'v'yichtvu' means 'and they will write', 'otah' means 'it (the thing)', 'lefi' means 'according to', 'nachalatam' means 'their inheritance', 'v'yavohu' means 'and they will come', 'elai' means 'to me'.
[JOS.18.5] And they shall divide it into seven portions; Judah will stand on its border from the south, and the house of Joseph will stand on its border from the north. [§]
ve'hitchalku otah leshiv'ah chalakim Yehudah ya'amod al-gebulo minnegav u'veit Yosef ya'amdu al-gebulam mitsafon.
've' means 'and', 'hitchalku' means 'they will divide', 'otah' means 'it', 'leshiv'ah' means 'into seven', 'chalakim' means 'portions', 'Yehudah' is the tribe of Judah, 'ya'amod' means 'will stand', 'al-gebulo' means 'on its border', 'minnegav' means 'from the south', 'u'veit' means 'and the house of', 'Yosef' is the tribe of Joseph, 'ya'amdu' means 'will stand', 'al-gebulam' means 'on their border', 'mitsafon' means 'from the north'.
[JOS.18.6] And you will write the earth seven parts and you will bring them to me here and I will cast for you a lot here before Yahveh our Gods. [§]
Ve'atem tikhtevu et haaretz shiv'ah chalakim vahav'item elai henna ve'yariti lachem goral po lifnei Yahveh Eloheinu.
'Ve'atem' means 'and you (plural)'; 'tikhtevu' means 'will write'; 'et' is the direct object marker; 'haaretz' means 'the earth'; 'shiv'ah' means 'seven'; 'chalakim' means 'parts' or 'portions'; 'vahav'item' means 'and you will bring'; 'elai' means 'to me'; 'henna' means 'here'; 've'yariti' means 'and I will cast' (as lots); 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)'; 'goral' means 'lot'; 'po' means 'here'; 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of'; 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH; 'Eloheinu' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'our the Gods', rendered here as 'our Gods'.
[JOS.18.7] For there is no share for the Levites among you, because the priesthood of Yahveh is his inheritance, and Gad and Reuben and the half-tribe of Manasseh took their inheritance beyond the Jordan to the east, which Moses the servant of Yahveh gave them. [§]
Ki ein chelek lalviyim bekirbechem ki kehenat Yahveh nachalto veGad uReuven vechatsi shevet haMenashe lakhu nachalatam meever haYarden mizracha asher natan lahem Moshe eved Yahveh.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'chelek' means 'share', 'lalviyim' means 'for the Levites', 'bekirbechem' means 'among you', 'ki' means 'because', 'kehenat' means 'the priesthood of', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'nachalto' means 'his inheritance', 'veGad' means 'and Gad', 'uReuven' means 'and Reuben', 'vechatsi' means 'and the half', 'shevet' means 'tribe', 'haMenashe' means 'of Manasseh', 'lakhu' means 'they took', 'nachalatam' means 'their inheritance', 'meever' means 'beyond', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'mizracha' means 'to the east', 'asher' means 'which', 'natan' means 'gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Yahveh' again the name of God.
[JOS.18.8] And the men rose and went, and Joshua commanded the ones who were going to write the land, saying, Go and walk in the land and write it, and return to me, and here I will cast for you a lot before Yahveh in peace. [§]
Vayakumu ha-anashim vayelechu vayetzav Yehoshua et ha-holechim likhtov et ha-aretz le'emor lechu vehit'halkhu ba-aretz ve'kitvu otah ve'shuvu elai u'po ashlich lakhhem goral lifnei Yahveh beshiloh.
'Vayakumu' means 'and they rose', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-holechim' means 'the walking ones' or 'those who go', 'likhtov' means 'to write', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'lechu' means 'go', 'vehit'halkhu' means 'and they shall walk', 'ba-aretz' means 'in the land', 've'kitvu' means 'and they shall write', 'otah' means 'it', 've'shuvu' means 'and return', 'elai' means 'to me', 'u'po' means 'and here', 'ashlich' means 'I will cast', 'lakhhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'goral' means 'a lot' or 'a lot of something to be cast', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, and 'beshiloh' means 'in peace' or 'safely'. The translation follows these literal senses.
[JOS.18.9] The men went, and they crossed the land, and they wrote it for the cities in seven portions on a book, and they came to Joshua at the camp of Shiloh. [§]
Vayelechu ha'anashim vayya'avru ba'aretz vayikht'vuha le'arim leshiva chalaqim al sefer vayavo'u el Yehoshua el hamachaneh Shiloh.
'Vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'vayya'avru' means 'and they crossed', 'ba'aretz' means 'the land', 'vayikht'vuha' means 'and they wrote it', 'le'arim' means 'to the cities', 'leshiva' means 'in seven', 'chalaqim' means 'portions', 'al sefer' means 'on a book', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'el Yehoshua' means 'to Joshua', 'el hamachaneh' means 'to the camp', 'Shiloh' is a place name.
[JOS.18.10] And he cast for them the lot at Shechem before Yahveh, and there Joshua divided the land to the children of Israel as their inheritances. [§]
Vayashlech lahem Yehoshua goral Bishiloh lifnei Yahveh vayechalek-sham Yehoshua et haaretz livnei Yisrael ke machlokotam.
'Vayashlech' means 'and he cast', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'goral' means 'a lot', 'Bishiloh' means 'at Shechem', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayechalek-sham' means 'and there he divided', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'livnei' means 'to the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ke' means 'as', 'machlokotam' means 'their inheritances'.
[JOS.18.11] The lot of the children of Benjamin was raised, and its border ran between the children of Judah and the children of Joseph. [§]
Vayya'al goral matteh b'nei Binyamin lemisphochotam vayetse gevul goralam beyn b'nei Yehudah uveyn b'nei Yosef.
'Vayya'al' means 'and it went up' or 'was raised', 'goral' means 'lot' (as in a portion drawn by lot), 'matteh' means 'family' or 'tribal grouping', 'b'nei Binyamin' means 'the children of Benjamin', 'lemisphochotam' means 'to their families/clans', 'vayetse' means 'and it went out' or 'extended', 'gevul' means 'border', 'goralam' means 'their lot' (possessive form), 'beyn' means 'between', 'b'nei Yehudah' means 'the children of Judah', 'uveyn' means 'and between', 'b'nei Yosef' means 'the children of Joseph'.
[JOS.18.12] And their border was on the north side from the Jordan, and the border went up to the shoulder of Jericho northward, and it went up the hill southward, and its going out was the wilderness of Beth-aven. [§]
Vayehi lahem haggevul lifat tzafona min-hayarden ve'ala haggevul el-keteph Yericho mitzafon ve'ala bahar yamma vehayu totzotav midbarr Beit Aven.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'haggevul' means 'the border', 'lifat' means 'to the side of', 'tzafona' means 'north', 'min-hayarden' means 'from the Jordan', 've'ala' means 'and went up', 'el-keteph' means 'to the shoulder', 'Yericho' is a place name 'Jericho', 'mitzafon' means 'northward', 'bahar' means 'the hill', 'yamma' means 'southward', 'vehayu' means 'and it was', 'totzotav' means 'its going out', 'midbarr' means 'the wilderness', 'Beit' means 'house', 'Aven' means 'wickedness' (Beth-aven).
[JOS.18.13] And passed from there the border to the left, to the shoulder, to the left, the southern side; it is the house of God, and went down the border, the crowns of Adar, upon the mountain that is from the south to the house of Horon below. [§]
ve'aver misham ha'ge'bul luza el-ketef luza negbah hi beit-el ve'yared ha'ge'bul a'atrot adar al ha'har asher minnegav lebeit choron tachton
've'aver' means 'and passed', 'misham' means 'from there', 'ha'ge'bul' means 'the border/region', 'luza' means 'to the left', 'el-ketef' means 'to the shoulder', 'luza' again 'to the left', 'negbah' means 'the southern side', 'hi' means 'it', 'beit-el' means 'house of God', 've'yared' means 'and went down', 'ha'ge'bul' again 'the border/region', 'a'atrot' means 'the crowns', 'adar' means 'of Adar (a month or possibly a place name)', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha'har' means 'the mountain', 'asher' means 'that', 'minnegav' means 'from the south', 'lebeit' means 'to the house of', 'choron' means 'Horon (a place name)', 'tachton' means 'below'.
[JOS.18.14] And the border went down to the sea side west from the mountain that is opposite the front of the House of Horon west, and its outlets were to the town of Baal; it is the town of the forests, a city of the sons of Judah; this is the sea side. [§]
ve-taar ha-gebul ve-nasav li-pat-yaam negvah min-ha-har asher al-penei beit-horon negvah ve-hayu tozteotav el kiryat-ba'al hi kiryat-ye'arim ir b'nei yehudah zot pat-yaam.
've' means 'and', 'taar' means 'went down', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'gebul' means 'border', 've-nasav' means 'and turned', 'li-pat' means 'to the edge', 'yaam' means 'sea', 'negvah' means 'west', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'asher' means 'that', 'al-penei' means 'in front of', 'beit-horon' means 'House of Horon', 've-hayu' means 'and they were', 'tozteotav' means 'its outlets', 'el' means 'to', 'kiryat-ba'al' means 'the town of Baal', 'hi' means 'it is', 'kiryat-ye'arim' means 'town of forests', 'ir' means 'city', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'yehudah' means 'Judah', 'zot' means 'this', 'pat-yaam' means 'sea side'.
[JOS.18.15] And the opening of the south from the end of the city of the forest, and the border will go out south, and it will go out to the spring of the waters of Neftech. [§]
u'fat-negbah mikzeh kiryat ye'arim ve'yatsa hagebul yamah ve'yatsa el-ma'yan mei neftoch.
'u'fat' means 'and the opening', 'negbah' means 'of the south', 'mikzeh' means 'from the end', 'kiryat' means 'city', 'ye'arim' means 'of the forest', 've'yatsa' means 'and it goes out', 'hagebul' means 'the border', 'yamah' means 'south', 'el' means 'to', 'ma'yan' means 'spring', 'mei' means 'waters of', 'neftoch' is a proper place name.
[JOS.18.16] And the border went down to the end of the mountain that is opposite the face of the region of Hinnom, which is in the valley of the Rephaim northward; and the region of Hinnom went down to the shoulder of the Jebusite, a hillside, and went down to the spring of Rogel. [§]
veyarad haggevul el ketzeh ha har asher al penei gey ben hinom asher beemek refa\'im tzfonah ve-yarad gey hinom el keteph hayevusi negbah ve-yarad ein rogel.
'veyarad' means 'and went down', 'haggevul' means 'the border', 'el' means 'to', 'ketzeh' means 'the end', 'ha har' means 'the mountain', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'al' means 'upon', 'penei' means 'the face of', 'gey' means 'the region of', 'ben' means 'son of', 'hinom' is a place name (Hinnom), 'asher' again 'that/which', 'beemek' means 'in the valley', 'refa\'im' means 'the Rephaim', 'tzfonah' means 'northward', 've-yarad' means 'and went down', 'gey' again 'the region of', 'hinom' again the place, 'el' 'to', 'keteph' means 'shoulder', 'hayevusi' means 'the Jebusite', 'negbah' means 'a slope or hillside', 've-yarad' again 'and went down', 'ein' means 'spring', 'rogel' is a place name.
[JOS.18.17] And turn north and the eye of the sun will go out, and it will go out to the districts that are opposite the ascent of the reds, and it will descend a stone Bohan son of Reuben. [§]
ve-ta'ar mitzafon ve-yatsa ein shemesh ve-yatsa el-gelilot asher nokach ma'aleh adummim ve-yarad even bohan ben-reuven.
've-ta'ar' means 'and turn', 'mitzafon' means 'north', 've-yatsa' means 'and will go out', 'ein' means 'eye' (often idiom for 'sun' as 'eye of the sun'), 'shemesh' means 'sun', 'el-gelilot' means 'to the districts/regions', 'asher' means 'that', 'nokach' means 'opposite', 'ma'aleh' means 'ascent' or 'rise', 'adummim' means 'the reds' (a place name meaning 'red ones'), 've-yarad' means 'and will descend', 'even' means 'stone', 'bohan' is a proper name, 'ben-reuven' means 'son of Reuben'.
[JOS.18.18] And he passed to the side near the northern desert and went down into the desert. [§]
ve-avar el-keteph mul ha-aravah tzafona ve-yarad ha-aravatah.
've' means 'and', 'avar' means 'he passed', 'el' means 'to', 'keteph' means 'the shoulder' or 'side', 'mul' means 'near' or 'beside', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'aravah' means 'desert' or 'wilderness', 'tzafona' means 'north', 've' again means 'and', 'yarad' means 'he went down' or 'descended', 'ha' again is 'the', and 'aravatah' is a form of 'aravah' meaning 'the desert' (feminine).
[JOS.18.19] And the boundary shall go to the shoulder of the house of Chagla northward, and its exits shall be the boundary to the mouth of the salty sea northward to the end of the Jordan; this is the southern boundary. [§]
ve'abar ha-gevul el-keteph beit-chagla tzfonah ve-hayu tots'otav ha-gevul el-leshón yam ha-melach tzfonah el-ktze ha-yarden negevah zeh gevul negev
've'abar' means 'and will pass/go', 'ha-gevul' means 'the boundary', 'el' means 'to', 'keteph' means 'the shoulder', 'beit-chagla' means 'the house of Chagla', 'tzfonah' means 'northward', 've-hayu' means 'and it shall be', 'tots'otav' means 'its outlets/exits', 'leshón' means 'mouth', 'yam ha-melach' means 'the salty sea', 'ktze ha-yarden' means 'the end of the Jordan', 'negevah' means 'the south', 'zeh' means 'this', 'gevul negev' means 'the southern boundary'.
[JOS.18.20] And the Jordan shall be its border toward the east; this is the inheritance of the children of Benjamin to its borders all around to their families. [§]
vehaYarden yigbol oto li‑fat kedmah zot nachalat B'nei Binyamin li‑gvuloteha saviv le‑mishpachotam.
'vehaYarden' means 'and the Jordan', 'yigbol' means 'shall be the boundary of', 'oto' means 'it', 'li‑fat' means 'to the eastward side', 'kedmah' means 'east', 'zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'B'nei' means 'of the sons/children of', 'Binyamin' is the name Benjamin, 'li‑gvuloteha' means 'to its borders', 'saviv' means 'around', 'le‑mishpachotam' means 'to their families/clans'.
[JOS.18.21] And the cities shall be the allotment of the sons of Benjamin to their families: Jericho, and the house of Chaglah, and the valley of Ketzitz. [§]
vehayu he'arim le-matte b'nei Binyamin le-mishpachoteihem Yericho u-beit-Chaglah ve-emek Ketzitz.
'vehayu' means 'and they will be', 'he'arim' means 'the cities', 'le-matte' means 'to the allotment', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons', 'Binyamin' is the name Benjamin, 'le-mishpachoteihem' means 'to their families', 'Yericho' is the proper name Jericho, 'u-beit-Chaglah' means 'and the house of Chaglah', 've-emek' means 'and the valley', 'Ketzitz' is the proper name of a valley.
[JOS.18.22] and the house of the desert and Tzemarayim and the house of God. [§]
U'veit ha'aravah u'tzemerayim u'veit-el.
'U'' means 'and', 'beit' means 'house', 'ha'aravah' means 'the desert', the second 'u'' also means 'and', 'tzemerayim' is a dual form of 'tzemer' meaning 'wool', here used as a proper name meaning something like 'two wools', the third 'u'' again means 'and', 'beit' means 'house', and 'el' means 'God'.
[JOS.18.23] and the fathers and the cow and the dust. [§]
veha'avim veha'parah ve'afarah.
've' means 'and', 'ha' means 'the', 'avim' means 'fathers', 'parah' means 'cow', 'afarah' means 'dust'.
[JOS.18.24] And the Ammonite and the Afeni and Gaba, twelve cities and their courts. [§]
ukfar haamoni veha'afeni vagav'a arim shteym-eshreh vechatzreihen.
'ukfar' is the conjunction 'and' (u) plus the verb 'kfar' meaning 'to cover' or 'to atone', here used idiomatically as 'and (he) covered/ dealt with'. 'haamoni' means 'the Ammonite' (a person from Ammon). 'veha'afeni' means 'and the Afeni' (a group or tribe). 'vagav'a' means 'and Gaba' (a place or people). 'arim' means 'cities'. 'shteym-eshreh' is a construct of 'two' and 'ten', meaning 'twelve'. 'vechatzreihen' means 'and their courts' (inner courtyards of the cities).
[JOS.18.25] Gibeon and the height and the wells. [§]
Gibeon veHarama uve'erot.
'Gibeon' is a proper name of a Canaanite city. 've' is the Hebrew conjunction meaning 'and'. 'Harama' is a proper name meaning 'the height' or 'the hill'. Another 've' means 'and' again. 'erot' is the plural of 'well', meaning 'wells'. The verse lists three items: Gibeon, the height (Ramah), and the wells.
[JOS.18.26] and the discharging one, and the defiling discharge, and the flowing out. [§]
veha-mitzpeh veha-kefirah veha-motza.
'veha' means 'and the'. 'mitzpeh' derives from the root 'tzaphah' meaning 'to look out' and is used here for 'the one who discharges'. 'kefirah' means 'defiling discharge'. 'motza' comes from 'yatzah' meaning 'to go out' and here means 'the flowing out'.
[JOS.18.27] and Rekem and will heal God and Taralah. [§]
ve-rekem ve-yirpael ve-taralah.
've' means 'and'. 'rekem' is a proper name with no clear lexical meaning. 'yirpael' combines the verb root 'yirpa' meaning 'will heal' with the divine name element 'el' which is rendered as 'God', so the name is understood as 'will heal God' or 'Yirpa God'. 'taralah' is another proper name, its exact meaning is uncertain, but it is taken as a noun.
[JOS.18.28] And the rib of the thousand and the Yebusi, it is Jerusalem, the hill of the city of fourteen cities and its courtyards; this is the inheritance of the sons of Benjamin for their families. [§]
ve-tzela ha-elf ve-hayyebusi hi Yerushalayim gibat qiryat arim arba esreh ve-chatzerayhen zot nachalat b'nei Binyamin le-mishpachotam.
've' means 'and', 'tzela' means 'rib' or figuratively 'side', 'ha-elf' means 'the thousand', 've' means 'and', 'hayyebusi' is a proper name or term meaning 'the Yebusi', 'hi' means 'it' (referring to a feminine noun), 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'gibat' means 'the hill of', 'qiryat' means 'the city of', 'arim' means 'cities', 'arba esreh' means 'fourteen', 've' means 'and', 'chatzerayhen' means 'its courtyards', 'zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance' or 'portion', 'b'nei Binyamin' means 'the sons of Benjamin', 'le-mishpachotam' means 'for their clans/families'.
JOS.19
[JOS.19.1] The second lot went out for the tribe of Simeon, for the clan of the sons of Simeon, for their families, and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the sons of Judah. [§]
Vayetze ha-gorel hasheni le-Shimon le-matze b'nei-Shimon le-mishpachotam vayhi nachalatam be-tokh nachalat b'nei-Yehudah.
'Vayetze' means 'and went out', 'ha-gorel' means 'the lot', 'hasheni' means 'the second', 'le-Shimon' means 'to/for Simeon (the tribe)', 'le-matze' means 'to the clan of', 'b'nei-Shimon' means 'the sons of Simeon', 'le-mishpachotam' means 'to their families', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'nachalatam' means 'their inheritance', 'be-tokh' means 'in the midst of', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'b'nei-Yehudah' means 'the sons of Judah'.
[JOS.19.2] And it happened to them in their inheritance at the well of seven, and seven, and childbirth. [§]
Vayehi lahem benachalatah be'er-sheva ve-sheva u-moladah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it happened', 'lahem' means 'to them' or 'for them', 'benachalatah' means 'in their inheritance' or 'in their portion', 'be'er-sheva' means 'at the well of seven', 've-sheva' means 'and seven', 'u-moladah' means 'and childbirth' or 'and a birth'.
[JOS.19.3] and the fox's courtyard, pestle, and bone. [§]
vachtzar shual uvalah vaatzem.
'vachtzar' means 'and (the) courtyard', 'shual' means 'fox', together 'vachtzar shual' is a construct phrase meaning 'the fox's courtyard'. 'uvalah' means 'and pestle' (the noun from the root balah, used here as a concrete object). 'vaatzem' means 'and bone', from 'etzem' meaning 'bone' with the conjunction 'va' = 'and'.
[JOS.19.4] and God-birth and Betul and Charmah. [§]
veeltolad uvetul vecharmah.
've' means 'and'. 'el' means 'God'. 'tolad' means 'birth' or 'to be born'. Together 'eltolad' is rendered as 'God-birth' (literally 'God who is born' or 'God-birth'). 'u' is the conjunction 'and' attached to the next word. 'betul' is a proper name kept as is. 've' again means 'and'. 'charmah' is another proper name kept as is.
[JOS.19.5] And Tziklag, the house of the chariots, and the courtyard of horses. [§]
ve-tziklag ve-beit ha-marchavot va-chatzar susah.
've-' means 'and', 'tziklag' is a proper name of a place, 've-' means 'and' again, 'beit' means 'house', 'ha-' means 'the', 'marchavot' means 'chariots', 'va-' means 'and', 'chatzar' means 'courtyard', 'susah' means 'horses'.
[JOS.19.6] and the house of the armies and their cities, thirteen, and their courtyards. [§]
u'veit levo'ot ve'sharuchen arim shlosh-esreh ve'chatzrei hen.
'u'veit' means 'and house', 'levo'ot' means 'of the armies', 've'sharuchen' means 'and their', 'arim' means 'cities', 'shlosh-esreh' means 'thirteen', 've'chatzrei' means 'and courtyards', 'hen' means 'their'.
[JOS.19.7] Eye, pomegranate, and impurity, and smoke, four cities and their courtyards. [§]
Ayin rimon ve'eter ve'ashan arim arba ve'chatzrei hen.
'Ayin' means 'eye'; 'rimon' means 'pomegranate'; 've'eter' means 'and impurity' (literally 'and filth'); 've'ashan' means 'and smoke'; 'arim' means 'cities'; 'arba' means 'four'; 've'chatzrei' means 'and the courtyards of'; 'hen' means 'their' (referring to the cities).
[JOS.19.8] And all the settlements that surround these cities, up to Ba'alat Be'er Ramat Negev, this is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Simeon according to their families. [§]
vechol hachatzerim asher s'vivot ha'arim ha'eleh ad ba'alat be'er ramat negev zot nachalat mateh b'nei shimon lemisphachotam.
've' means 'and', 'chol' means 'all', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'chatzerim' means 'settlements' or 'courtyards', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 's'vivot' means 'surround', 'ha'arim' means 'the cities', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'ad' means 'up to' or 'as far as', 'ba'alat' is a place name meaning 'owner (female) of', 'be'er' means 'well', 'ramat' means 'height' or 'high place', 'negev' means 'south', 'zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'mateh' means 'tribe' or 'family group', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'shimon' is the name 'Simeon', 'lemisphachotam' means 'according to their families'.
[JOS.19.9] From a rope the sons of Judah [were] the inheritance of the sons of Simon, for a larger portion of the sons of Judah was among them, and the sons of Simon inherited within their inheritance. [§]
Mechevel b'nei Yehudah nachalat b'nei Shim'on ki-hayah chelek b'nei-Yehudah rav mehem vayinch'alu b'nei-Shim'on betoch nachalatam.
'Mechevel' means 'from a rope', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'Shim'on' means 'Simon', 'ki-hayah' means 'for it was', 'chelek' means 'a portion', 'rav' means 'great' or 'many', 'mehem' means 'more than them', 'vayinch'alu' means 'and they inherited', 'betoch' means 'within', 'nachalatam' means 'their inheritance'.
[JOS.19.10] The third lot went out for the sons of Zebulun according to their families, and their inheritance border extended to Sarid. [§]
va-yaal ha-goral ha-shelishi li-bnei Zebulun le-mishpachotam va-yehi gevul nachalatam ad Sarid.
'va-yaal' means 'and went up/out', 'ha-goral' means 'the lot', 'ha-shelishi' means 'the third', 'li-bnei' means 'to the sons of', 'Zebulun' is a tribal name, 'le-mishpachotam' means 'according to their families', 'va-yehi' means 'and it was', 'gevul' means 'border', 'nachalatam' means 'their inheritance', 'ad' means 'to/until', 'Sarid' is a place name.
[JOS.19.11] And they went up their border to the sea and the desert, and they struck in the honeycomb and they struck the river which is before Yaknaam. [§]
ve'ala gevulam layamah umar'alah ufaga bedabashat ufaga el-hanachal asher al-penei yaknaam.
've'ala' means 'and they went up', 'gevolam' means 'their border', 'layamah' means 'to the sea', 'umar'alah' means 'and the desert', 'ufaga' means 'and they struck', 'bedabashat' means 'in the honeycomb', 'el-hanachal' means 'to the river', 'asher' means 'that', 'al-penei' means 'before the face of', 'yaknaam' is a place name.
[JOS.19.12] And he returned from the chief eastward from the sunrise on the border of the crossing, and he went out to the speech, and he went up, he appeared. [§]
ve-shav mi-sarid kedmah mizrach ha-shemesh al-gebul kislot tavor ve-yatza el-hadavrat ve-ala yafia.
've-shav' means 'and returned', 'mi-sarid' means 'from the chief', 'kedmah' means 'eastward', 'mizrach' means 'from the east', 'ha-shemesh' means 'the sun', 'al-gebul' means 'upon the border', 'kislot' means 'of crossing', 'tavor' means 'the crossing', 've-yatza' means 'and he went out', 'el-hadavrat' means 'to the word or speech', 've-ala' means 'and he went up', 'yafia' means 'he appeared'.
[JOS.19.13] And from there he passed eastward, east, Gitta the young, at that time small, and went out Rimmon the turned the naked. [§]
umisham avar kedma mizrahah gittah chefer itah katsin veyatsa rimmon hametoar haneah.
'umisham' means 'and from there', 'avar' means 'passed', 'kedma' means 'eastward' or 'forward', 'mizrahah' means 'east', 'gittah' is a proper name or possibly 'Gitta', 'chefer' means 'young' or 'youth', 'itah' means 'at that time' or 'now', 'katzin' means 'small' or 'little', 'veyatsa' means 'and went out' or 'and emerged', 'rimmon' means 'pomegranate' but is also a place name, 'hametoar' means 'the turned' or 'the one who turned', 'haneah' means 'the naked' or 'the exposed'.
[JOS.19.14] And he turned it, the boundary, from the north, his grace, and its openings shall be the valley; God will open. [§]
ve-nasav oto ha-gevul mitzfon chanaton ve-hayu tots'otav gey yiftach-el.
've-nasav' means 'and turned', 'oto' means 'it' or 'him' as a direct object, 'ha-gevul' means 'the boundary' or 'the border', 'mitzfon' means 'from the north', 'chanaton' means 'his grace' or 'grace', 've-hayu' means 'and they shall be' or 'and it shall become', 'tots'otav' means 'its openings' or 'its outlets', 'gey' means 'valley' or 'vale', 'yiftach-el' means 'God will open' (with El translated as God).
[JOS.19.15] And Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Yidalah, and the house of bread—thirteen cities and their courts. [§]
veKattath veNahalal veShimron veYidalah veBeit Lachem arim shteym esreh veChatzreihen.
'veKattath' means 'and Kattath' (a city name). 'veNahalal' means 'and Nahalal' (a city name). 'veShimron' means 'and Shimron' (a city name). 'veYidalah' means 'and Yidalah' (a city name). 'veBeit Lachem' means 'and the house of bread' (referring to Bethlehem). 'arim' means 'cities'. 'shteym esreh' means 'thirteen'. 'veChatzreihen' means 'and their courts' (inner courtyards of the cities).
[JOS.19.16] This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, the cities these and their suburbs. [§]
Zot nachalat b'nei Zebulun lemisphachotam ha'arim ha'ele vechatzreihem.
'Zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'b'nei' means 'of the children of', 'Zebulun' is a tribal name, 'lemisphachotam' means 'according to their families', 'ha'arim' means 'the cities', 'ha'ele' means 'these', 'vechatzreihem' means 'and their suburbs'.
[JOS.19.17] The fourth lot shall go out to the sons of Issachar for their families. [§]
LeYissakar yatsa hagoral harevii livnei Yissakar lemisphochotam.
'LeYissakar' means 'to Issachar', 'yatsa' means 'shall go out' or 'shall be cast', 'hagoral' means 'the lot' (as in a divination or allocation), 'harevii' means 'the fourth', 'livnei' means 'for the sons/children of', 'Yissakar' is the proper name 'Issachar', 'lemisphochotam' means 'for their families/clans'.
[JOS.19.18] And their border was Jezreel, and the vessels, and Shunem. [§]
vayehi gevulam yizraealah vehaksolet veshunem.
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'gevulam' means 'their border' or 'the border', 'yizraealah' is a place name meaning Jezreel, 'vehaksolet' means 'and the vessels' (kessuloth, a term for containers or objects), 'veshunem' is a place name meaning Shunem.
[JOS.19.19] and pits and Shion and Anacharat. [§]
vachparayim veshion vanacharat.
'vachparayim' means 'and pits', from the root meaning 'to dig'. 'veshion' means 'and Shion', which appears to be a proper name or a poetic term whose exact meaning is uncertain. 'vanacharat' means 'and Anacharat', likely another proper name or place designation.
[JOS.19.20] and the abundance, and the hardness, and the dust. [§]
veharabbith vekishyon vaavetz.
'veharabbith' means 'and the abundance' (the feminine noun derived from the root rav meaning many or great), 'vekishyon' means 'and the hardness' (a noun from the root kish meaning hard, solid, or severe), 'vaavetz' means 'and the dust' or 'stone' (the noun avetz denoting ground material, dust or stone).
[JOS.19.21] and Remet and the spring of gardens and the single spring and the house of Patzeitz. [§]
ve'remet ve'eyn-ganim ve'eyn chadda u'veit patzeitz.
've' means 'and'. 'remet' is a proper name (likely a place). 'eyn' means 'eye' but is used idiomatically for 'spring' (a water source). 'ganim' means 'gardens'. So 'eyn-ganim' = 'spring of gardens'. 'chadda' means 'single' or 'one', so 'eyn chadda' = 'the single spring'. 'u'' means 'and'. 'beit' means 'house'. 'patzeitz' is a noun meaning 'splinter' or a proper name, so 'beit patzeitz' = 'house of Patzeitz'.
[JOS.19.22] And the border struck at Tabor and Shachatzimoah and the House of Sun, and their border's outlets were the Jordan; sixteen cities and their courts. [§]
Uphaga haggevul betavor veshachtzimoah uveit Shemesh vehayu totze'ot gevulam hayarden arim shesh-eshreh vehatzreihen.
'Uphaga' means 'and (it) struck', 'haggevul' means 'the border', 'betavor' means 'at Tabor', 'veshachtzimoah' means 'and Shachatzimoah', 'uveit Shemesh' means 'and the House of Sun', 'vehayu' means 'and they were', 'totze'ot' means 'outlets' or 'exits', 'gevulam' means 'their border', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'arim' means 'cities', 'shesh-eshreh' means 'sixteen', 'vehatzreihen' means 'and their courts'.
[JOS.19.23] This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Issachar, to their families the towns and their courts. [§]
Zot nachalat matte b'nei Yissachar lemisphochotam he'arim vechatzreihem.
'Zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'matte' means 'tribe' (lit. staff), 'b'nei' means 'of the sons', 'Yissachar' is a proper name, 'lemisphochotam' means 'to their families', 'he'arim' means 'the towns', 'vechatzreihem' means 'and their courts'.
[JOS.19.24] And the fifth lot went out to the clan of the sons of Asher for their families. [§]
Vayetze ha-goral ha-chamishi le-matte b'nei Asher le-mishpachotam.
'Vayetze' means 'and went out', 'ha-goral' means 'the lot', 'ha-chamishi' means 'the fifth', 'le-matte' means 'to the clan', 'b'nei Asher' means 'the sons of Asher', 'le-mishpachotam' means 'for their families'.
[JOS.19.25] And it was their border, a share, and it was weak, and (the) belly, and uncovered. [§]
Vayehi gevulam chelkat vachali vabeten veachshaf.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'gevulam' means 'their border' (the boundary belonging to them), 'chelkat' means 'a portion' or 'a share', 'vachali' means 'and [it] was weak/sick', 'vabeten' means 'and belly' (literally 'and the belly'), 'veachshaf' means 'and uncovered' or 'exposed'.
[JOS.19.26] And Alamelach and Amad and Mishal and he struck in Carmel the sea and in the forest for building. [§]
ve'alamelach ve'amad u'mish'al u'pagah b'karmel hayamah u'vesichor livnat.
've'alamelach' means 'and Alamelach', a proper name; 've'amad' means 'and Amad', a proper name; 'u'mish'al' means 'and Mishal', a proper name; 'u'pagah' means 'and he struck' or 'and he met'; 'b'karmel' means 'in Carmel', a place name; 'hayamah' means 'the sea'; 'u'vesichor' means 'and in the forest'; 'livnat' means 'for building' or 'to build'.
[JOS.19.27] And he returned from the east of the sun, the house of Dagon, and struck Bizbulun, and in the valley Yiftach-God north, the house of the valley, and Neial, and went out to Kabbul from the north. [§]
ve-shav mizrach hashamesh beit dagon u-paga bizbulun u-vegei yiftach-el tzafona beit ha-emek u-neial ve-yatsa el kabbul misamol.
've' means 'and', 'shav' means 'returned', 'mizrach' means 'east', 'hashamesh' means 'the sun', 'beit' means 'house of', 'dagon' is a proper name (the name of a deity), 'u-paga' means 'and struck/encountered', 'bizbulun' is a place name, 'u-vegei' means 'and in the valley of', 'yiftach-el' is a compound name where 'yiftach' means 'opens' and 'el' (translated as 'God') is the divine element, 'tzafona' means 'north', 'ha-emek' means 'the valley', 'u-neial' is a proper name, 've-yatsa' means 'and went out', 'el' (here a preposition) means 'to', 'kabbul' is a place name, and 'misamol' means 'from the north'. The divine name element 'El' in 'yiftach-el' is rendered as 'God' according to the translation guidelines.
[JOS.19.28] And Ebron, and Rehob, and Hamon, and Kana, up to great Sidon. [§]
veevron urechov vehamon ukanah ad tsidon rabbah.
've' means 'and', 'evron' is a proper name of a place, 'u' also means 'and', 'rechov' is a proper name of a place, 've' again means 'and', 'hamon' is a proper name of a place, 'u' means 'and', 'kanah' is a proper name of a place, 'ad' means 'up to' or 'until', 'tsidon' is the name Sidon, and 'rabbah' means 'great' or 'large'.
[JOS.19.29] And the border turns back to the lofty, and up to the city of the fortress of Tyre; and the border turns back to the stronghold, and its exits to the sea will be from a cruel rope. [§]
veshav hagevul haramah vead ir mibtzar tzor veshav hagevul chosa vehayu totzotav hayamah mechvel akhzivah.
'veshav' means 'and (it) turns back/returns', 'hagevul' means 'the border' or 'the boundary', 'haramah' means 'the high' or 'the lofty', 'vead' means 'and up to', 'ir' means 'city', 'mibtzar' means 'from the fortress', 'tzor' is the name 'Tyre', 'chosa' means 'the stronghold' or 'a fortified place', 'vehayu' means 'and they will be', 'totzotav' means 'its outlets' or 'its exits', 'hayamah' means 'the sea', 'mechvel' means 'from a cord/rope', 'akhzivah' means 'cruel' or 'harsh'.
[JOS.19.30] and height and extension and breadth of cities, twenty-two, and their courtyards. [§]
ve'uma va'pek u'rechov arim esrim u'shetayim ve'chatzreihen.
've' means 'and'. 'uma' means 'height' or 'elevation'. 'va'pek' means 'and extension' or 'span'. 'u'rechov' means 'and breadth' or 'broadness'. 'arim' means 'cities'. 'esrim u'shetayim' means 'twenty-two'. 've'chatzreihen' means 'and their courtyards' or 'inner courts'.
[JOS.19.31] This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Asher for their families, these cities and their villages. [§]
Zot Nachalat Mate Bnei Asher Le-Mishpachotam HaArim HaEle VeChatseihen.
'Zot' means 'this', 'Nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'Mate' means 'of the tribe', 'Bnei' means 'sons (of)', 'Asher' is a proper name, 'Le-Mishpachotam' means 'to their families', 'HaArim' means 'the cities', 'HaEle' means 'these', 'VeChatseihen' means 'and their villages'.
[JOS.19.32] The children of Naphtali went out with the sixth lot, the children of Naphtali according to their families. [§]
Libnei Naftali yatza ha-goral ha-shishi libnei Naftali le-mishpachotam.
'Libnei' means 'the children of', 'Naftali' is the name of the tribe, 'yatza' means 'went out', 'ha-goral' means 'the lot', 'ha-shishi' means 'the sixth', 'le-mishpachotam' means 'according to their families'.
[JOS.19.33] And it was their border from Chelef from Godon in the thorns and from the plain of the hollow and Yavnegod to Laqum, and its outlets were the Jordan. [§]
Vay'hi gevulam me-chelef me-Godon be-tza'anannim va'adami ha-nekev ve-Yavnegod ad-laqum vay'hi totze'otav ha-Yarden.
'Vay'hi' means 'and it was', 'gevulam' means 'their border', 'me-chelef' means 'from Chelef', 'me-Godon' is the literal translation of the place name 'Elon' where 'El' (God) is rendered as 'God', giving 'Godon', 'be-tza'anannim' means 'in the thorns', 'va'adami' means 'and the plain', 'ha-nekev' means 'the hollow', 've-Yavnegod' is the literal translation of the place name 'Yavne'el' with 'El' rendered as 'God', giving 'Yavnegod', 'ad-laqum' means 'to Laqum', 'vay'hi' again means 'and it was', 'totze'otav' means 'its outlets', and 'ha-Yarden' means 'the Jordan'.
[JOS.19.34] And he turned the border south, the edges passed, and he went out from there a statute, and he struck in Zebulun from the south, and in Asher struck from the sea, and in Judah the Jordan east of the sun. [§]
ve-shav ha-gevul yamah aznot tavor ve-yatsa mi-sham chukokah u-faga bizboulun mi-negaV u-va-ashér paga mi-yam u-bi-yhudah ha-yarden mizrach ha-shamash.
've-shav' means 'and turned', 'ha-gevul' means 'the border', 'yamah' means 'south', 'aznot' means 'edges', 'tavor' means 'to pass', 've-yatsa' means 'and went out', 'mi-sham' means 'from there', 'chukokah' means 'a statute', 'u-faga' means 'and struck', 'bizboulun' means 'in Zebulun', 'mi-negaV' means 'from the south', 'u-va-ashér' means 'and in Asher', 'paga' means 'struck', 'mi-yam' means 'from the sea', 'u-bi-yhudah' means 'and in Judah', 'ha-yarden' means 'the Jordan', 'mizrach' means 'east', 'ha-shamash' means 'the sun'.
[JOS.19.35] and the cities of Mibtsar, the southern Tzer, and Hamat Rakkat, and Kinneret. [§]
ve'arei mibtsar hatsiddim tzer ve'hamat rakkat ve'kinaret.
've'arei' means 'and the cities of', 'mibtsar' is a proper name likely a place, 'hatsiddim' means 'the southern', 'tzer' is a place name, 've'hamat' means 'and Hamat', 'rakkat' is a place name, 've'kinaret' means 'and Kinneret' (the Sea of Galilee).
[JOS.19.36] and earth and the height and a plowshare. [§]
vaadamah veharamah vechatzor
'va' is a conjunction meaning "and" attached to the first word; 'adamah' means "earth"; 've' is another "and" attached to the second word; 'haramah' means "the height" or "the high place"; 've' again means "and" attached to the third word; 'chatzor' means "plowshare" or "furrow".
[JOS.19.37] and holy, and Edrei, and the courtyard's spring. [§]
veqodesh ve'edrei ve'ayin chatzor.
'veqodesh' means 'and holy'; 've'edrei' is a transliteration of a proper name, likely the ancient town Edrei, so it means 'and Edrei'; 've'ayin' means 'and eye' or figuratively 'and spring/ source of water'; 'chatzor' means 'courtyard' or 'enclosed space'. The phrase strings these three nouns together as a poetic list.
[JOS.19.38] And they shall see and the tower of God, Horem, and the house of Anath, and the house of the sun, nineteen cities and their courtyards. [§]
ve-yiron u-migdal-el chorem u-beit-anat u-beit-shamesh arim teshah-eshre ve-chatzrei-hem.
"ve-yiron" means "and they shall see"; "u-migdal-el" means "and tower of God" (El is rendered as God); "chorem" is a place name, left as Horem; "u-beit-anat" means "and house of Anath"; "u-beit-shamesh" means "and house of the sun"; "arim" means "cities"; "teshah-eshre" means "nineteen" (literally nine-ten); "ve-chatzrei-hem" means "and their courtyards".
[JOS.19.39] This is the inheritance of the tribe of Naphtali for their families, the cities and their villages. [§]
Zot nachalat matte be-nei Naftali le-mishpachotam ha-arayim ve-hatsareihem.
'Zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'matte' means 'portion' or 'tribe', 'be-nei' means 'of the sons/children', 'Naftali' is the name of a tribe, 'le-mishpachotam' means 'to their families', 'ha-arayim' means 'the cities', 've-hatsareihem' means 'and their villages'.
[JOS.19.40] For the tribe of the sons of Dan, according to their families, the seventh lot was drawn. [§]
le-matteh benei Dan le-mishpachotam yatsa ha-goral ha-shevii.
'le-matteh' means 'for the tribe of', 'benei Dan' means 'the sons of Dan', 'le-mishpachotam' means 'according to their families', 'yatsa' means 'came out' or 'was drawn', 'ha-goral' means 'the lot', 'ha-shevii' means 'the seventh'.
[JOS.19.41] And it was the border of their inheritance: Tzarah, Eshtaol, and the city of Shamesh. [§]
Vayehi gevul nachalatam Tzarah veEshtaol veir Shamesh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'gevul' means 'boundary' or 'border', 'nachalatam' means 'their inheritance', 'Tzarah' is a place name, 'veEshtaol' means 'and Eshtaol' (another place name), 'veir' means 'and the city', 'Shamesh' is a place name meaning 'sun' but here is a proper name.
[JOS.19.42] and shaalabbin and the stag and shall be hanged. [§]
ve-sha'alabbin ve-ayalon ve-yitlah.
've' means 'and', 'sha'alabbin' is a plural noun whose exact meaning is uncertain but appears to be a name of a group of animals or creatures, 'ayalon' means 'stag' or 'deer', 've' again means 'and', 'yitlah' means 'shall be hanged' or 'will hang'.
[JOS.19.43] and oak and palm tree and acorn. [§]
veelon ve'timnah ve'ekron.
've' means 'and', 'elon' means 'oak', 'timnah' means 'palm tree', 'ekron' means 'acorn'. The verse is a simple enumeration of three natural items: an oak, a palm tree, and an acorn.
[JOS.19.44] and God-tekhe and Gibton and Lord-at. [§]
Ve'eltekhe ve-Gibton u-Va'alat.
'Ve' means 'and'. In 'Eltekhe' the element 'El' is the Hebrew word for 'God', so it is rendered as 'God' followed by the remaining phonetic part '-tekhe'. 'Gibton' is a proper name with no divine element, so it is left as is. In 'Ba'alat' the element 'Baal' is the Hebrew word for 'Lord', so it is rendered as 'Lord' followed by the remaining phonetic part '-at'. The final 'u' in 'u-Va'alat' is the conjunction 'and', attached to the next word.
[JOS.19.45] and Yehud and the sons of Barak and Gat of Rimon. [§]
veYehud u-venei Barak ve-Gat Rimon.
've' means 'and', 'Yehud' is a personal name (Judah), 'u' is another form of 'and', 'venei' means 'sons of', 'Barak' is a personal name, 've' again means 'and', 'Gat' means 'winepress' or is a place name, 'Rimon' means 'pomegranate' and forms the compound place name 'Gat Rimon'.
[JOS.19.46] And from the waters of the Yarkon and the Rakoon, with the boundary before Yapo. [§]
Umei hayyarqon veha rakoon im haggbul mul yapo.
'Umei' means 'and from the waters', 'hayyarqon' means 'the Yarkon (a river or the word for green)', 'veha rakoon' means 'and the rakoon (a word meaning blue or a second waterway)', 'im' means 'with', 'haggbul' means 'the boundary' or 'the border', 'mul' means 'in front of' or 'before', 'yapo' is a proper name (a place or person).
[JOS.19.47] And the border of the sons of Dan went out from them, and the sons of Dan went up and fought with Leshem and captured it, and they struck it with the sword; and they possessed it, and dwelt in it, and they called Leshem Dan after the name of Dan their father. [§]
Vayyetse gevul-b'nei-Dan mehem, vayya'alu b'nei-Dan vayilachamu im-Deshem vayilkedu otah, vayakhu otah lefi-cherav vayirshu otah vayeshvu bah vayikreu le-Deshem Dan keshem Dan aviham.
'Vayyetse' means 'and went out', 'gevul' means 'border', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Dan' is the tribe name, 'mehem' means 'from them', 'vayya'alu' means 'and they went up', 'vayilachamu' means 'and they fought', 'im' means 'with', 'Deshem' is a place name, 'vayilkedu' means 'and they captured', 'otah' means 'it (feminine)', 'vayakhu' means 'and they struck', 'lef i-cherav' means 'with the sword', 'vayirshu' means 'and they possessed', 'vayeshvu' means 'and they dwelt', 'bah' means 'in it', 'vayikreu' means 'and they called', 'le-Deshem' means 'to Leshem', 'Dan' is the name of the tribe, 'keshem' means 'according to the name of', 'aviham' means 'their father'.
[JOS.19.48] This is the inheritance of the tribe of Dan for their families, these cities and their courtyards. [§]
zot nachalat matte b'nei dan le-mishpachotam ha'arim haelle vechatzeihen.
'zot' means 'this', 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'matte' means 'of the tribe', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons', 'dan' is the name of the tribe, 'le-mishpachotam' means 'for their families', 'ha'arim' means 'the cities', 'haelle' means 'these', 'vechatzeihen' means 'and their courtyards'.
[JOS.19.49] They finished apportioning the land within its borders, and they gave the children of Israel an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun among them. [§]
Vayechalu linchol et haaretz ligbulotah vayittenu b'nei Yisrael nachala liYehoshua ben Nun betocham.
'Vayechalu' means 'and they finished', 'linchol' means 'to apportion', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'ligbulotah' means 'its borders', 'vayittenu' means 'and they gave', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'nachala' means 'an inheritance', 'liYehoshua' means 'to Yehoshua (Yahveh saves)', where the name Yehoshua contains the divine name YHWH which is rendered as Yahveh, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Nun' is a personal name, and 'betocham' means 'among them'.
[JOS.19.50] According to Yahveh we gave him the city that he asked for, Timnanth Serach in the hill country of Ephraim, and he built the city and dwelt there. [§]
Al-pi Yahveh natnu lo et ha'ir asher sha'al et timnat serach behar Ephraim vayivne et ha'ir vayyeshev bah.
'Al-pi' means 'according to' or 'by the mouth of'; 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH; 'natnu' means 'we gave'; 'lo' means 'to him'; 'et' is the direct‑object marker; 'ha'ir' means 'the city'; 'asher' means 'that/which'; 'sha'al' means 'he asked'; 'timnat serach' is the proper name of the city (Timnanth Serach); 'behar' means 'in the hill'; 'Ephraim' is the tribal region; 'vayivne' means 'and he built'; second 'et' again the object marker; 'ha'ir' repeats 'the city'; 'vayyeshev' means 'and he dwelt'; 'bah' means 'there'.
[JOS.19.51] These are the inheritances which were inherited by Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun and the heads of the fathers of the clans of the children of Israel in the city of Shiloh before Yahveh, the opening of the tent of meeting, and they finished dividing the land. [§]
Eleh ha-nechlot asher nichalu El'azar ha-kohein viYehoshua bin Nun ve'roshi ha-avot le-matot b'nei Yisrael be-goral be-Shiloh lefaney Yahveh petach ohel mo'ed vayechalu mechaleq et ha-aretz.
'Eleh' means 'These', 'ha-nechlot' means 'the inheritances' (or 'the tribal allotments'), 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nichalu' means 'were inherited', 'El'azar' means 'Eleazar' (a proper name), 'ha-kohein' means 'the priest', 'viYehoshua' means 'and Joshua', 'bin' means 'son of', 'Nun' is a proper name, 've'roshi' means 'and the heads', 'ha-avot' means 'of the fathers', 'le-matot' means 'of the clans', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'be-goral' means 'in the city', 'be-Shiloh' means 'of Shiloh', 'lefaney' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'petach' means 'opening' or 'gateway', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'mo'ed' means 'of meeting', 'vayechalu' means 'and they finished', 'mechaleq' means 'dividing', 'et ha-aretz' means 'the land'.
JOS.20
[JOS.20.1] And Yahveh spoke to Joshua, saying. [§]
Vayedaber Yahveh el Yehoshua leemor.
'Vayedaber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the Hebrew name corresponding to Joshua, 'leemor' means 'saying'.
[JOS.20.2] Speak to the children of Israel, saying, Give them the cities of refuge which I have spoken to you by the hand of Moses. [§]
Dabber el-b'nei Yisrael le'emor tenu lakhem et-arei ha-miklat asher dibarti aleikhem be-yad Moshe.
'Dabber' means 'Speak', 'el-b'nei' means 'to the sons', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'tenu' means 'give (plural imperative)', 'lakhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'et-arei' means 'the cities of', 'ha-miklat' means 'the refuge', 'asher dibarti' means 'which I have spoken', 'aleikhem' means 'to you', 'be-yad Moshe' means 'by the hand of Moses'.
[JOS.20.3] To flee there, a murderer who kills a person unintentionally, without knowledge, shall be for you a refuge from the blood‑avenger. [§]
La-nuus sham rotzeach makkeh-nefesh bi-shgaga bi-veli-da'at ve-hayu lachem le-miklat mi-go'el ha-dam.
'La-nuus' means 'to flee' or 'to escape'; 'sham' means 'there'; 'rotzeach' means 'murderer' (one who kills); 'makkeh-nefesh' means 'slayer of a soul' i.e., a murderer; 'bi-shgaga' means 'by accident' or 'unintentionally'; 'bi-veli-da'at' means 'without knowledge'; 've-hayu' means 'and they shall be'; 'lachem' means 'for you'; 'le-miklat' means 'a refuge' or 'a means of rescue'; 'mi-go'el' means 'from the avenger'; 'ha-dam' means 'of the blood' (the blood‑avenger). The verse therefore speaks of a place of refuge for someone who has killed unintentionally, providing protection from the blood‑avenger.
[JOS.20.4] And he fled to one of these cities, and stood at the entrance of the city gate, and spoke to the ears of the elders of that city his words; and the city gathered him to them, and gave him a place, and he dwelt with them. [§]
ve-nas el-achat me-ha'arim ha-elle ve-amad petach sha'ar ha'ir ve-diber be-aznei ziknei ha'ir ha'hi et-d'varav ve-aspu oto ha'irah aleihem ve-natnu-lo makom ve-yashav imam.
've-nas' means 'and he fled', 'el-achat' means 'to one', 'me-ha'arim' means 'of the cities', 'ha-elle' means 'these', 've-amad' means 'and he stood', 'petach' means 'the opening/entrance', 'sha'ar' means 'gate', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 've-diber' means 'and he spoke', 'be-aznei' means 'to the ears of', 'ziknei' means 'the elders', 'ha'ir' means 'of the city', 'ha'hi' means 'that (feminine)', 'et-d'varav' means 'his words', 've-aspu' means 'and they gathered', 'oto' means 'him', 'ha'irah' means 'the city', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 've-natnu-lo' means 'and they gave him', 'makom' means 'a place', 've-yashav' means 'and he dwelt', 'imam' means 'with them'.
[JOS.20.5] And that the redeemer will pursue the blood after him, and they will not seize the murderer with his hand, because without knowledge he struck his companion, and he does not hate him since yesterday and the day before yesterday. [§]
veki yirdof goel ha-dam acharav velo yasseguru et ha-rotseach be-yado ki bi-beli daat hi-ka et re'ehu velo sone hu lo mit-mol shilshom.
'veki' means 'and that', 'yirdof' means 'will pursue', 'goel' means 'redeemer', 'ha-dam' means 'the blood', 'acharav' means 'after him', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yasseguru' means 'they will seize/catch', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-rotseach' means 'the murderer', 'be-yado' means 'in his hand', 'ki' means 'because', 'bi-beli' means 'without', 'daat' means 'knowledge', 'hi-ka' means 'he struck', 're'ehu' means 'his companion', 'velo' means 'and not', 'sone' means 'hates', 'hu' means 'he', 'lo' means 'to him', 'mit-mol' means 'since yesterday', 'shilshom' means 'the day before yesterday'.
[JOS.20.6] And he dwelt in that city until his standing before the council for judgment, until the death of the great priest who will be in those days; then the murderer will return and come to his city and to his house, to the city from which he fled. [§]
ve yashav ba'ir ha-hee ad omdo lifnei ha'edah lamishpat ad mot ha-kohen ha-gadol asher yihye ba-yamim ha-hem az yashuv ha-rotseach u-va el-irro ve el-beito el-hair asher nas mi-sham.
've' means 'and', 'yashav' means 'dwelt' or 'sat', 'ba'ir' means 'in the city', 'ha-hee' means 'that', 'ad' means 'until', 'omdo' means 'his standing', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ha'edah' means 'the council', 'lamishpat' means 'for judgment', 'ad mot' means 'until the death', 'ha-kohen ha-gadol' means 'the great priest', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'yihye' means 'will be', 'ba-yamim' means 'in the days', 'ha-hem' means 'those', 'az' means 'then', 'yashuv' means 'will return', 'ha-rotseach' means 'the murderer', 'u-va' means 'and will come', 'el-irro' means 'to his city', 've el-beito' means 'and to his house', 'el-hair' means 'to the city', 'asher nas' means 'that fled', 'mi-sham' means 'from there'.
[JOS.20.7] They sanctified the holy place in Galilee on Mount Naphtali, and Shechem on Mount Ephraim, and the city of Arba, that is Hebron, on Mount Judah. [§]
Vayyakdishu et Kedes ba-Galil be-har Naftali ve-et Shechem be-har Ephraim ve-et Kiryat Arba hi Hebron be-har Yehudah.
'Vayyakdishu' means 'they sanctified', 'et' is the accusative particle 'the', 'Kedes' means 'holy (place)', 'ba-Galil' means 'in Galilee', 'be-har' means 'on the mountain of', 'Naftali' is the name of a tribe/mountain, 've-et' means 'and the', 'Shechem' is a city, 'Ephraim' is a tribe/mountain, 'Kiryat' means 'city of', 'Arba' is a name meaning 'four', 'hi' means 'that is', 'Hebron' is a city, 'Yehudah' is the tribe/region of Judah.
[JOS.20.8] And from beyond the Jordan, Jericho to the east, they gave the pasture in the wilderness, the plain, from the tribe of Reuben, and the pasture of Ramoth in Gilead from the tribe of Gad, and the pasture of Golan in Bashan from the tribe of Manasseh. [§]
u-me'ever leYarden Yericho mizracha natnu et Betzer baMidbar baMisho miMatte Reuven veet Raamoth baGilaad miMatte Gad veet Golan baBashan miMatte Menashe.
'u' means 'and', 'me'ever' means 'from beyond', 'leYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'Yericho' is the city name Jericho, 'mizracha' means 'to the east', 'natnu' means 'they gave', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Betzer' means 'the pasture', 'baMidbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'baMisho' means 'the plain', 'miMatte' means 'from the tribe of', 'Reuven' is the tribe of Reuben, 'veet' means 'and the', 'Raamoth' means 'Ramoth', 'baGilaad' means 'in Gilead', 'Gad' is the tribe of Gad, 'Golan' is the place Golan, 'baBashan' means 'in Bashan', 'Menasha' is the tribe of Manasseh.
[JOS.20.9] These were the cities of the assembly for all the children of Israel and for the resident alien among them, that any one who unintentionally kills a person might flee there, and he shall not die at the hand of the blood avenger until he stands before the assembly. [§]
Eleh hayu arei ha-mu'adah lechol b'nei Yisrael ve-la-ger ha-gar betocham lanus shamah kol-makke-nephesh bi'sh'gagah velo yamut be-yad go'el ha-dam ad amdo lifnei ha-edah.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'hayu' means 'were', 'arei' means 'cities', 'ha-mu'adah' means 'of the assembly', 'lechol' means 'for all', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-la-ger' means 'and for the resident alien', 'ha-gar' means 'who dwells', 'betocham' means 'among them', 'lanus' means 'to flee', 'shamah' means 'there', 'kol-makke-nephesh' means 'any one who kills a person', 'bi'sh'gagah' means 'unintentionally', 'velo yamut' means 'and he shall not die', 'be-yad' means 'at the hand of', 'go'el ha-dam' means 'the blood avenger', 'ad' means 'until', 'amdo' means 'he stands', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ha-edah' means 'the assembly'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name is needed.
JOS.21
[JOS.21.1] The heads of the fathers of the Levites approached Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the families of the children of Israel. [§]
vayigshu rashay avot halviyim el Eleazar hakohen ve el Yehoshua bin Nun ve el rashay avot hamatot livnei Yisrael.
'vayigshu' means 'they approached', 'rashay' means 'heads of', 'avot' means 'fathers', 'halviyim' means 'the Levites', 'el' means 'to', 'Eleazar' is a proper name, 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 've' means 'and', 'Yehoshua' is a proper name (Joshua), 'bin' means 'son of', 'Nun' is a proper name, 'hamatot' means 'the families' (or tribal groups), 'livnei' means 'of the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.21.2] And they spoke to them peacefully in the land of Canaan, saying: Yahveh ordered, by the hand of Moses, to give us cities for dwelling and their pastures for our livestock. [§]
Vayedabberu aleihem beshiloh be'eretz kena'an le'emor Yahveh tzivah beyad-Moshe latet-lanu arim lashavet u-migresheihen libhemetenu.
'Vayedabberu' means 'and they spoke', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'beshiloh' means 'in peace', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'kena'an' means 'of Canaan', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'tzivah' means 'ordered', 'beyad-Moshe' means 'by the hand of Moses', 'latet-lanu' means 'to give us', 'arim' means 'cities', 'lashavet' means 'for dwelling', 'u-migresheihen' means 'and their pastures', 'libhemetenu' means 'for our livestock'.
[JOS.21.3] And the sons of Israel gave to the Levites from their inheritance according to Yahveh the cities of these and their settlements. [§]
va-yittenu b'nei Yisrael la'levim minchalatam el-pi Yahveh et ha'areem haelleh ve'et migreshihen.
'va-yittenu' means 'and they gave', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'la'levim' means 'to the Levites', 'minchalatam' means 'their inheritance', 'el-pi' means 'according to the mouth of' i.e. 'by the command of', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'et' is a direct‑object marker (untranslated), 'ha'areem' means 'the cities', 'haelleh' means 'these', 've'et' means 'and (direct‑object marker)', 'migreshihen' means 'their settlements'.
[JOS.21.4] And the lot went out for the families of the Kheathi, and it was for the sons of Aaron the priest from the Levites of the tribe of Judah and from the tribe of the Shimonite and from the tribe of Benjamin; in the lot thirteen cities. [§]
vayetse haggoral lemisphochot hakekati vayhi livnei Aharon hakkohen min-halviyyim mimatte Yehudah u-mimatte hashimoni u-mimatte Binyamin bagoral arim shlosh esreh
'vayetse' means 'and went out', 'haggoral' means 'the lot', 'lemisphochot' means 'to the families', 'hakekati' means 'the Kheathi', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'livnei' means 'for the sons of', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'hakkohen' means 'the priest', 'min-halviyyim' means 'from the Levites', 'mimatte Yehudah' means 'from the tribe of Judah', 'u-mimatte hashimoni' means 'and from the tribe of the Shimonite', 'u-mimatte Binyamin' means 'and from the tribe of Benjamin', 'bagoral' means 'in the lot', 'arim' means 'cities', 'shlosh' means 'three', 'esreh' means 'ten'; together 'shlosh esreh' means 'thirteen'.
[JOS.21.5] And the remaining children of Kehath from the families of the tribe of Ephraim and from the tribe of Dan and from the half-tribe of Manasseh were allotted ten cities. [§]
Ve livnei Kehat hanot'rim mi mishpachot matteh Ephraim u mi matteh Dan u mechatsi matteh Menashe bagoral arim asar.
'Ve' means 'and', 'livnei' means 'children of', 'Kehat' is a family name, 'hanot'rim' means 'the remaining', 'mi' means 'from', 'mishpachot' means 'families', 'matteh' means 'tribe', 'Ephraim' is a tribe name, 'u' means 'and', 'Dan' is a tribe name, 'mechatsi' means 'from the half', 'Menash(e)' is a tribe name, 'bagoral' means 'in the lot', 'arim' means 'cities', 'asar' means 'ten'.
[JOS.21.6] And the sons of Gershon from the families of the tribe of Issachar, and from the tribe of Asher, and from the tribe of Naphtali, and from the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, by lottery, [were assigned] thirteen cities. [§]
Velevnei Gershon mimishpachot matteh Yissachar u-mimatteh Asher u-mimatteh Naftali u-mechatzi matteh Menashe baBashan baGoral arim shlosh esreh.
"Velevnei" means "and the sons/children of", "Gershon" is a personal name, "mimishpachot" means "from the families of", "matteh" means "the tribe of", "Yissachar" is the tribe of Issachar, "u-mimatteh" means "and from the tribe of", "Asher" is the tribe of Asher, "Naftali" is the tribe of Naphtali, "u-mechatzi" means "and from the half (of)", "Menashe" is the tribe of Manasseh, "baBashan" means "in Bashan", "baGoral" means "by lot/lottery", "arim" means "cities", "shlosh" means "three", "esreh" means "ten" (together "shlosh esreh" = thirteen).
[JOS.21.7] The sons of Merari, according to their families, from the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad and the tribe of Zebulun, (were) twenty‑two cities. [§]
Livnei Merari le mishpachotam mi-matte Reuven u-mi-matte Gad u-mi-matte Zevulun arim shtei asreh.
'Livnei' means 'the sons of', 'Merari' is a proper name, 'le' means 'according to', 'mishpachotam' means 'their families', 'mi-matte' means 'from the tribe of', 'Reuven', 'Gad', and 'Zevulun' are tribe names, 'arim' means 'cities', 'shtei asreh' means 'twenty‑two'.
[JOS.21.8] And the sons of Israel gave to the Levites these cities and their villages as Yahveh commanded by the hand of Moses in the lot. [§]
Vayittenu b'nei Yisrael lalvivim et-he'arim ha'eleh ve'et-migreshihen ka'asher tzivah Yahveh be'yad Moshe bagoral.
'Vayittenu' means 'and they gave', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lalvivim' means 'to the Levites', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'he'arim' means 'the cities', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 've'et' means 'and (the) (direct‑object marker)', 'migreshihen' means 'their villages', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'He commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'be'yad' means 'by the hand of', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'bagoral' means 'in the lot'.
[JOS.21.9] They gave from the clan of the sons of Judah and from the clan of the sons of Simeon these cities, which he called by name. [§]
Vayittenu mimatte be-ney Yehudah u-mimmatte be-ney Shim'on et ha'arim ha'eileh asher yikra ethen be-shem.
'Vayittenu' means 'they gave', 'mimatte' means 'from the clan/tribe of', 'be-ney' means 'the sons of', 'Yehudah' is the name 'Judah', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'mimmatte' repeats 'from the clan of', 'Shim'on' is the name 'Simeon', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'arim' means 'the cities', 'ha'eileh' means 'these', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yikra' means 'he will call', 'ethen' (a form of 'them') means 'them', and 'be-shem' means 'by name'.
[JOS.21.10] And it was that the sons of Aaron of the Kehati family, from the sons of Levi, because the lot of the firstborn belonged to them. [§]
Vayehi livnei Aharon mimishpachot hakkehati mibnei Levi ki lahem haya hagoral riashona.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'livnei' means 'to the sons of', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'mimishpachot' means 'from the families of', 'hakkehati' means 'the Kehati', 'mibnei' means 'from the sons of', 'Levi' means 'Levi', 'ki' means 'because', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'haya' means 'was', 'hagoral' means 'the lot', 'riashona' means 'of the firstborn'.
[JOS.21.11] And they gave them the city of Arba, father of the donkey; it is Hebron in the hill of Judah, and its settlement and its surrounding areas. [§]
vayittenu lahem et kiryat arba avi haanok hi hebron beha r yehudah veet migraseha svivoteha.
'vayittenu' means 'they gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'kiryat' means 'city of', 'arba' is a proper name meaning 'Arba', 'avi' means 'father of', 'haanok' means 'the donkey', 'hi' means 'it is', 'hebron' is the name of the city Hebron, 'behar' means 'in the hill', 'yehudah' means 'Judah', 'veet' means 'and the', 'migraseha' means 'its settlement', 'svivoteha' means 'its surrounding (areas)'.
[JOS.21.12] And they gave the field of the city and its courtyard to Caleb son of Yefuneh in his possession. [§]
ve'et-sde ha'ir ve'et-chatzareiha natnu le-Kaleb ben-Yephuneh be'achuzato.
've'et' means 'and (the direct object marker)', 'sde' means 'field', 'ha'ir' means 'of the city', 've'et' again means 'and (the direct object marker)', 'chatzareiha' means 'its courtyard', 'natnu' means 'they gave', 'le-Kaleb' means 'to Caleb', 'ben-Yephuneh' means 'son of Yefuneh', 'be'achuzato' means 'in his possession'.
[JOS.21.13] And the sons of Aaron the priest gave the city of Miklat the murderer, Hebron and its settlement, and Livna and its settlement. [§]
ve libnei Aaron ha kohein natnu et ir Miklat ha rotseach et Hevron ve et migra'seha ve et Livna ve et migra'seha.
've' means 'and', 'libnei' means 'the sons of', 'Aaron' is the name Aaron, 'ha kohein' means 'the priest', 'natnu' means 'gave', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ir' means 'city', 'Miklat' is a place name, 'ha rotseach' means 'the murderer', 'Hevron' is the city Hebron, 've' means 'and', 'migra'seha' means 'its settlement' (referring to Hebron), another 've' means 'and', 'Livna' is the city Livna, and the final 'migra'seha' means 'its settlement' (referring to Livna).
[JOS.21.14] and Yatir and its settlement and Eshtemo and its settlement. [§]
ve'et Yatir ve'et migrasheha ve'et eshtemo ve'et migrasheha.
've'et' is a conjunction meaning "and" plus a grammatical marker that introduces a direct object; 'Yatir' is a proper name of a town; 'migrasheha' means "its settlement" (migra = settlement, -sheha = her/its); 'eshtemo' is another proper name of a town; the final 'migrasheha' again means "its settlement".
[JOS.21.15] And the Holon and its dwelling, and Debir and its dwelling. [§]
ve'et cholon ve'et migrasheha ve'et devir ve'et migrasheha.
've'et' means 'and (the)', 'cholon' is a proper name, literally 'waste' or 'deserted place', 'migrasheha' means 'its dwelling' (her dwelling), 'devir' is another proper name, literally 'inner sanctuary' or the town Debir, and the second 'migrasheha' again means 'its dwelling'.
[JOS.21.16] and the eye and its settlement and Jutta and its settlement, the house of the sun and its settlement, nine cities belonging to these two tribes. [§]
ve'et ayin ve'et migra'sheha ve'et yutta ve'et migra'sheha et beit shemesh ve'et migra'sheha arim tesha me'et shnei hashvattim ha'eleh
've'et' means 'and the', 'ayin' means 'eye', 'migra'sheha' means 'her settlement' or 'its dwelling', 'yutta' is the name of a town, 'beit shemesh' means 'house of the sun', 'arim' means 'cities', 'tesha' means 'nine', 'me'et' means 'from the', 'shnei' means 'two', 'hashvattim' means 'the tribes', 'ha'eleh' means 'these'. The repeated phrase 've'et migra'sheha' links each listed place with its associated dwelling.
[JOS.21.17] And from the district of Benjamin, Gibeon and its settlement, the hill and its settlement. [§]
u-mimmatteh Binyam et-Gibeon ve-et-migrasheh et-Gevah ve-et-migrasheh.
'u-' means 'and', 'mimmatteh' means 'from the district/tribe', 'Binyam' means 'Benjamin', 'et' is the accusative marker introducing a proper name, 'Gibeon' is a city name, 've-' means 'and', 'et' again a marker, 'migrasheh' means 'its settlement', 'et' again, 'Gevah' means 'the hill', and the final 've-et-migrasheh' repeats 'and its settlement' for the hill.
[JOS.21.18] the answers and its dwelling, and Almon and its dwelling, four cities. [§]
et-anotot ve-et-migrasheha ve-et-almon ve-et-migrasheha arim arba.
'et' is a direct object marker (not rendered in English), 'anotot' means 'answers', 've' means 'and', 'migrasheha' means 'its dwelling', 'almon' is a proper name 'Almon', 'arim' means 'cities', 'arba' means 'four'. The verse lists answers, a dwelling, the place Almon and its dwelling, and notes that they are four cities.
[JOS.21.19] All the cities of the sons of Aaron the priests, thirteen cities and their villages. [§]
Kol-arei b'nei Aharon ha-koheinim shlosh-esreh arim u-migreshihen.
'Kol' means 'all', 'arei' means 'cities', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'ha-koheinim' means 'the priests', 'shlosh-esreh' means 'thirteen', 'arim' means 'cities', 'u-' means 'and', 'migreshihen' means 'their villages'.
[JOS.21.20] And to the families of the sons of Kehat, the Levites who remained of the sons of Kehat, and their cities of inheritance were from the tribe of Ephraim. [§]
Ule mishpachot b'nei Kehat haLeviim haNotarim miB'nei Kehat vayhi Arei goralam miMatteh Ephrayim.
'Ule' means 'and to', 'mishpachot' means 'families', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons', 'Kehat' is a proper name, 'haLeviim' means 'the Levites', 'haNotarim' means 'the remaining', 'miB'nei' means 'from the sons of', 'Kehat' again the proper name, 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'Arei' means 'cities of', 'goralam' means 'their lot/inheritance', 'miMatteh' means 'from the tribe of', 'Ephrayim' is the tribe of Ephraim.
[JOS.21.21] And they gave them the city of Miklat the murderer, the city of Shechem and its settlement, in the hill of Ephraim, and Gezer and its settlement. [§]
Vayittenu lahem et-ir Miklat harotzeach et-Shechem ve'et-migrasha beHar Efrayim ve'et-gezar ve'et-migrasha.
'Vayittenu' means 'they gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'et-ir' means 'the city', 'Miklat' is a proper name meaning 'the slayer', 'harotzeach' means 'the murderer', 'et-Shechem' means 'the city of Shechem', 've'et-migrasha' means 'and its settlement', 'beHar' means 'in the hill', 'Efrayim' means 'Ephraim', 've'et-gezar' means 'and Gezer', 've'et-migrasha' means 'and its settlement'.
[JOS.21.22] and Kivtzayim, its settlement, the house of Churon, its settlement, four towns. [§]
ve'et Kivtzayim ve'et migrasheha ve'et beit Churon ve'et migrasheha arim arba.
've''et' means 'and (the) [object marker]', 'Kivtzayim' is a place name, likely meaning 'gatherings', 'migrasheha' means 'its settlement' (migrah = dwelling, -sheha = its), 'beit' means 'house of', 'Churon' is a proper name, the second 'migrasheha' repeats 'its settlement', 'arim' means 'towns' or 'cities', and 'arba' means 'four'.
[JOS.21.23] And from the portion of Dan, Elteke and its settlement, Gibton and its settlement. [§]
U-mimatteh Dan et Elteke ve'et migra'shah et Gibbuton ve'et migra'shah.
'U' means 'and', 'mi' means 'from', 'matteh' means 'portion' or 'district', 'Dan' is the name of the tribe, 'et' is the direct object marker before a proper name, 'Elteke' is a town name, 've' means 'and', 'migra'shah' means 'its settlement' (migra' = settlement, -shah = its), 'Gibbuton' is another town name, the second 've'et migra'shah' repeats 'and its settlement' for the second town.
[JOS.21.24] Ayalon and its settlement, Gat Rimmon and its settlement, four cities. [§]
et Ayalon ve et Migrasheha et Gat Rimmon ve et Migrasheha arim arba.
'et' is a Hebrew direct‑object marker and is not rendered in English; 'Ayalon' is a place name; 've' means 'and'; 'Migrasheha' means 'its settlement' or 'its dwelling'; 'Gat Rimmon' is another place name; 'arim' means 'cities'; 'arba' means 'four'.
[JOS.21.25] And from the half of the staff of Menashe, the oppression, and its dwelling, and Gath Rimmon, and its dwelling, two cities. [§]
U-mimmachatzit mateh Menashe et Ta'anakh ve-et Migrasheha ve-et Gat Rimmon ve-et Migrasheha arim sh'tayim.
"U-mimmachatzit" means "and from the half"; "mateh" means "staff" or "scepter"; "Menashe" is a proper name; "et" is a grammatical marker with no English equivalent; "Ta'anakh" means "oppression" or "affliction"; "ve-et" means "and"; "Migrasheha" means "her dwelling" or "her settlement"; "Gat" is a place name meaning "winepress" or a city called Gath; "Rimmon" is a place name meaning "pomegranate"; the second "ve-et Migrasheha" repeats "and its dwelling"; "arim" means "cities"; "sh'tayim" means "two".
[JOS.21.26] All ten cities and their settlements for the families of the sons of Kehat who remain. [§]
kol-arim eser u-migreshen le-mishpachot b'nei kehat ha-notarim.
'kol' means 'all', 'arim' means 'cities', 'eser' means 'ten', 'u-migreshen' means 'and their settlements', 'le-mishpachot' means 'for the families', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons of', 'kehat' is a proper name (Kehat), 'ha-notarim' means 'the remaining' or 'those left over'.
[JOS.21.27] And the sons of Gershon from the families of the Levites, from the half of the tribe of Manasseh, the city of the gathering of the murderers, the city of Golon in Bashan and its settlement, and the city of Eshtara and its settlement, two cities. [§]
ve livnei Gershon mimishpachot haLeviyyim mechatsi matte Menashe et-ir Miklat haRotsach et-Golon baBashan ve et migraseha ve et beEshtara ve et migraseha arim shtayim.
've' means 'and', 'livnei' means 'the sons of', 'Gershon' is a proper name, 'mimishpachot' means 'from the families of', 'haLeviyyim' means 'the Levites', 'mechatsi' means 'from the half of', 'matte' means 'the tribe', 'Menashe' is a proper name, 'et-ir' means 'the city of', 'Miklat' means 'gathering' or 'assembly', 'haRotsach' means 'the murderers' (literally 'the slayers'), 'et-Golon' means 'the city of Golon', 'baBashan' means 'in Bashan', 've' again means 'and', 'et migraseha' means 'its settlement', 'et beEshtara' means 'the city of Eshtara', 'et migraseha' again 'its settlement', 'arim' means 'cities', 'shtayim' means 'two'.
[JOS.21.28] And from the tribe of Issachar [the] Kishon and its settlement, the speech and its settlement. [§]
U-mimmatte Yissachar et Kishon ve-et migrasheha et Davrat ve-et migrasheha.
'U' means 'and', 'mimmatte' means 'from the tribe' (literally 'from the staff'), 'Yissachar' is the proper name of a tribe of Israel, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Kishon' is a proper name (a river), 've-et' means 'and [the]', 'migrasheha' means 'its settlement' (feminine pronoun referring to Kishon), 'Davrat' means 'the speech' or 'the word', and the final 've-et migrasheha' repeats 'and its settlement' referring to the speech.
[JOS.21.29] Yarmuth and its settlement, Ein Gannim and its settlement, four cities. [§]
et-Yarmuth ve-et-Migrasheha et-Ein Gannim ve-et-Migrasheha arim arba.
'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yarmuth' is a place name, 've-et' means 'and the', 'Migrasheha' means 'its settlement', 'Ein Gannim' means 'Spring of the Gardens', again 've-et Migrasheha' is 'and its settlement', 'arim' means 'cities', 'arba' means 'four'.
[JOS.21.30] And from the side of Asher, Mishal and its settlement, his servant and its settlement. [§]
u-mimmatteh asher et-mishal ve-et-migrasheha et-avdon ve-et-migrasheha.
'u-mimmatteh' means 'and from the side of', 'asher' is a proper name (a region or person), 'et' is the accusative marker (no direct translation), 'mishal' is a proper name meaning 'Mishal', 've-et' means 'and (with the accusative marker)', 'migrasheha' means 'its settlement' or 'its dwelling place', 'avdon' means 'his servant', and the second 've-et migrasheha' repeats 'and its settlement'.
[JOS.21.31] the portion and its dwelling, and the city and its dwelling, four cities. [§]
Et helkat ve-et migrasheha ve-et rechov ve-et migrasheha arim arba.
'Et' is a grammatical marker indicating a direct object and is usually not translated. 'Helkat' means 'portion' or 'allotment'. 'Ve' means 'and'. 'Migrasheha' means 'its dwelling' (literally 'the dwelling of it'). 'Rechov' means 'city' or 'suburb' (a place with a street or market). 'Arim' is the plural form meaning 'cities'. 'Arba' means 'four'. The repeated 've-et' links each noun phrase together.
[JOS.21.32] And from Naphtali the city of Miklat, the murderer, the holy place in Galilee and its settlement, and the hot springs of Dor and its settlement, and Kartan and its settlement, three cities. [§]
umimatte naftali et ir miklat ha-rotseach et kedes bagalil ve-et migreseha ve-et chammot dor ve-et migreseha ve-et kartan ve-et migreseha arim shalosh.
'umimatte' means 'and from', 'naftali' is the name of the tribe Naphtali, 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ir' means 'city', 'miklat' is a proper name (likely a city), 'ha-rotseach' means 'the murderer', 'kedesh' means 'the holy (place)', 'bagalil' means 'in Galilee', 've-et' means 'and', 'migreseha' means 'its settlement' (from the root migrah 'settlement'), 'chammot' means 'hot springs', 'dor' is a place name Dor, 'kartan' is a place name Kartan, 'arim' means 'cities', 'shalosh' means 'three'.
[JOS.21.33] All the cities of the Gergesuni for their families, thirteen cities and their settlements. [§]
Kol arei hagereshuni le mishpachotam shalosh-esreh ir u-migreshen.
'Kol' means 'all', 'arei' means 'cities of', 'hagereshuni' is a proper name meaning 'the Gergesuni' (the people of Gergesuni), 'le mishpachotam' means 'for their families', 'shalosh-esreh' means 'thirteen', 'ir' means 'city', and 'u-migreshen' means 'and their settlements/villages'.
[JOS.21.34] And to the families of the sons of Merari, the remaining Levites, from the tribe of Zebulun: Yaknaam and his settlement, and Karta and its settlement. [§]
Ule-mishpachot b'nei Merari halviim hanotarmim me'et Matteh Zevulun et Yaknaam ve'et Migrasheha et Karta ve'et Migrashaha.
'Ule' means 'and to', 'mishpachot' means 'families', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons of', 'Merari' is a proper name, 'halviim' means 'the Levites', 'hanotarmim' means 'the remaining', 'me'et' means 'from the tribe of', 'Matteh' means 'tribe', 'Zevulun' is a proper name, 'et' is a direct‑object marker rendered here as 'the', 'Yaknaam' is a proper name, 've'et' means 'and the', 'Migrasheha' means 'its settlement', 'Karta' is a proper name, and the second 'Migrashaha' means 'its settlement'.
[JOS.21.35] Dimnah and its settlement, Nahalal and its settlement, four cities. [§]
et Dimnah ve et migrashah et Nahalal ve et migrashah arum arba.
'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object and is not rendered in English. 'Dimnah' is a proper name of a town. 'migrashah' means 'her dwelling place' or 'its settlement'. 'Nahalal' is another proper name of a town. 'arum' means 'cities'. 'arba' means 'four'. The conjunction 've' means 'and'.
[JOS.21.36] And from the inheritance of Reuben [the towns] Betzer, Migresah, Yahtsa, and Migresah. [§]
U-mimmatte Reuven et Betzer ve-et Migresah ve-et Yahtsa ve-et Migresah.
'U' means 'and', 'mimmatte' means 'from the portion', 'Reuven' is the name of the tribe of Reuben, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Betzer' is a town name, 've-et' means 'and', 'Migresah' is a town name, 'Yahtsa' is a town name, the final 've-et Migresah' repeats the town Migresah.
[JOS.21.37] the front towns and its settlement, and Meiphat and its settlement, four towns. [§]
et kedemot ve et migreseha ve et meipat ve et migreseha arim arba
'et' is a direct object marker meaning 'the'. 'kedemot' means 'front' or 'foremost (places)'. 've' means 'and'. 'migreseha' means 'its settlement' or 'its dwelling place'. 'meipat' is a proper name of a town (often rendered Meiphat). 'arim' means 'cities' or 'towns'. 'arba' means 'four'. The phrase repeats the pattern for two towns, each with its settlement, and then states there are four cities in total.
[JOS.21.38] And from the border of Gad, the city of Miklat the slayer, the Ramoth of Gilead, and its settlement, and the camps, and its settlement. [§]
u-mi-matteh Gad et ir Miklat ha-rotzeach et Ramot ba-gilaad ve-et migrasheha ve-et machanim ve-et migrasheha.
"u" means "and". "mi-matteh" means "from the border/territory". "Gad" is the name of the tribe Gad. "et" is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English). "ir" means "city". "Miklat" is a place name. "ha-rotzeach" means "the slayer" or "the murderer". "Ramot" is a place name meaning "heights". "ba-gilaad" means "in Gilead". "ve-et" means "and" plus the direct‑object marker. "migrasheha" means "its settlement" or "its encampment". "machanim" means "camps" or "encampments".
[JOS.21.39] Chesbon and its settlement, Ya'zer and its settlement, all four towns. [§]
et-chesbon ve-et-migrashah et-ya'zer ve-et-migrashah kol-ariim arba.
'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object (often untranslated). 'chesbon' is the name of a town, translated as Chesbon. 've' means 'and'. 'migrashah' means 'its settlement' (the settlement belonging to the preceding town). 'ya'zer' is the name of another town, translated as Ya'zer. 'kol' means 'all'. 'ariim' is the plural of 'city' or 'town', meaning 'towns'. 'arba' means 'four'. The phrase therefore lists two towns and their settlements, then states that there are four towns in total.
[JOS.21.40] All the cities of the sons of Merari, of their families that remained of the families of the Levites, and their allotment was twenty cities. [§]
Kol-he'arim livnei merari lemisphochotam hanotarmim mimishpachot halviim vay'hi goralam arim shteim esreh.
'Kol' means 'All', 'he'arim' means 'the cities', 'livnei' means 'of the sons', 'merari' is a proper name (a clan of the Levites), 'lemisphochotam' means 'of their families', 'hanotarmim' means 'the ones remaining', 'mimishpachot' means 'from the families', 'halviim' means 'of the Levites', 'vay'hi' means 'and it was', 'goralam' means 'their allotment', 'arim' means 'cities', 'shteim' means 'two', 'esreh' means 'ten' (together meaning 'twenty' but in this context Hebrew idiom for 'twenty' is expressed as 'two ten').
[JOS.21.41] All the cities of the Levites within the inheritance of the children of Israel, forty‑eight cities and their surrounding villages. [§]
Kol arei haLevi'im betoch achuzat Bnei Yisrael arim arba'im ve-shmoneh u-migrashen.
'Kol' means 'all', 'arei' means 'cities', 'haLevi'im' means 'the Levites', 'betoch' means 'within', 'achuzat' means 'the inheritance' or 'portion', 'Bnei Yisrael' means 'children of Israel', 'arim' means 'cities', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 've-shmoneh' means 'and eight', 'u-migrashen' means 'and their surrounding villages or suburbs'.
[JOS.21.42] These cities shall be city after city, and their surrounding settlements, so for all these cities. [§]
tihyeinah ha areim ha eleh ir ir u migrashah sevivotah ken lechel ha areim ha eleh
'tihyeinah' means 'shall be' (future feminine singular of 'to be'), 'ha areim' means 'the cities', 'ha eleh' means 'these', 'ir' means 'city', the repetition 'ir ir' expresses 'city after city', 'u migrashah' means 'and its settlements', 'sevivotah' means 'its surroundings', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'lechel ha areim' means 'for all the cities', and the final 'ha eleh' repeats 'these'.
[JOS.21.43] Yahveh gave Israel the whole earth that He swore to give to their fathers, and they possessed it and dwelt in it. [§]
Vayiten Yahveh leYisrael et kol haaretz asher nishba latet laavotam vayirashuh vayeshvu bah.
"Vayiten" means "and He gave", "Yahveh" is the translation of the divine name YHVH, "leYisrael" means "to Israel", "et" is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), "kol" means "all", "haaretz" means "the earth", "asher" means "that", "nishba" means "He swore", "latet" means "to give", "laavotam" means "to their fathers", "vayirashuh" means "they possessed it", "vayeshvu" means "they dwelt", "bah" means "in it".
[JOS.21.44] Yahveh rested for them all around as all that He had sworn to their ancestors, and no man stood before them from any of their enemies; Yahveh gave all their enemies into their hand. [§]
Vayanach Yahveh lahem misaviv kechol asher nishba la'avotam velo amad ish bifnehem mikol oyvehem et kol oyvehem natan Yahveh beyadam.
'Vayanach' means 'and He rested', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lahem' means 'for them', 'misaviv' means 'all around', 'kechol' means 'as all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nishba' means 'He swore', 'la'avotam' means 'to their ancestors', 'velo' means 'and not', 'amad' means 'stood', 'ish' means 'a man', 'bifnehem' means 'before them', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'oyvehem' means 'their enemies', 'et' is the object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'natan' means 'gave', 'beyadam' means 'in their hand'.
[JOS.21.45] No word has fallen from all the good word that Yahveh spoke to the house of Israel; all has come. [§]
Lo nafal dabar mikol ha-davar ha-tov asher diber Yahveh el beit Yisrael ha-kol ba.
'Lo' means 'not', 'nafal' means 'fell' or 'was omitted', 'dabar' means 'word' or 'thing', 'mi' means 'from', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-davar' means 'the word', 'ha-tov' means 'the good', 'asher' means 'that', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ha-kol' means 'all', 'ba' means 'has come' or 'has arrived'.
JOS.22
[JOS.22.1] Then Joshua called the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. [§]
az yikra Yehoshua larauveni ve-lagadi ve-lachatsi matteh Menashe.
'az' means 'then' or 'at that time', 'yikra' means 'will call' or 'called', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name 'Joshua', 'larauveni' means 'to the Reubenites', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'lagadi' means 'to the Gadites', 've' again is 'and', 'lachatsi' means 'to the half', 'matteh' means 'tribe', and 'Menashe' is the name of the tribe 'Manasseh'.
[JOS.22.2] And he said to them, You have kept all that Moses the servant of Yahveh commanded you, and you have listened to my voice to all that I have commanded you. [§]
Vayomer aleihem attem shemarten et kol asher tzivah etchem Moshe eved Yahveh, vatishemu bekoli lechol asher tziviti etchem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'shemarten' means 'you kept/obeyed', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', 'etchem' means 'you (object)', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vatishemu' means 'and you heard/listened', 'bekoli' means 'in my voice', 'lechol' means 'to all/for all', 'tziviti' means 'I commanded', and the final 'etchem' again means 'you'.
[JOS.22.3] Not you have forsaken your brothers this many days until this day and you have kept the charge of the commandment of Yahveh your Gods. [§]
Lo-azavtem et-acheichem ze yamim rabbim ad hayom hazeh u-shmartem et-mishmeret mitzvat Yahveh Eloheichem.
'Lo' means 'not', 'azavtem' means 'you have forsaken', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'acheichem' means 'your brothers', 'ze' means 'this', 'yamim' means 'days', 'rabbim' means 'many', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'u' is the conjunction 'and', 'shmartem' means 'you have kept', 'mishmeret' means 'the watch' or 'the charge', 'mitzvat' means 'the commandment of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'Eloheichem' means 'your the Gods' (literally 'your Gods').
[JOS.22.4] And now let Yahveh your God leave to your brothers as he spoke to them, and now turn and go to your own dwellings in the land of your possession which Moses the servant of Yahveh gave you across the Jordan. [§]
ve'atah heni'ach Yahveh elohaykhem leacheikhem kaasher diber lahem ve'atah p'nu u'lechu lekhem le'aholeikhem el-aretz achuzatkhem asher natan lekhem Moshe eved Yahveh be'ever hayarden.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'heni'ach' means 'let ... rest/leave', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'elohaykhem' means 'your God', 'leacheikhem' means 'to your brothers', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'he spoke', 'lahem' means 'to them', 've'atah' again means 'and now', 'p'nu' means 'turn', 'u'lechu' means 'and go', 'lekhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'le'aholeikhem' means 'to your dwellings', 'el-aretz' means 'to the land', 'achuzatkhem' means 'of your possession', 'asher' means 'that', 'natan' means 'he gave', 'lekhem' means 'to you', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Yahveh' again the name of God, 'be'ever' means 'across', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan'.
[JOS.22.5] Only keep very much to do the command and the law that Moses the servant of Yahveh commanded you, to love Yahveh your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cling to him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul. [§]
Rak shimru meod la'asot et ha-mitzvah ve-et ha-torah asher tzivah etchem Moshe eved Yahveh le'ahavah et Yahveh Eloheichem ve'lalekhet bechol d'racav ve-lishmor mitzvotav uledavka bo u-le'avad o bechol levavchem uvechol nafshchem.
'Rak' means 'only', 'shimru' means 'keep' or 'guard', 'meod' means 'very much', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-mitzvah' means 'the command', 've-et' means 'and the', 'ha-torah' means 'the law', 'asher' means 'that', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'le'ahavah' means 'to love', 'Eloheichem' means 'your God', 've'lalekhet' means 'and to walk', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'd'racav' means 'his ways', 've-lishmor' means 'and to keep', 'mitzvotav' means 'his commandments', 'uledavka' means 'and cling to', 'bo' means 'him', 'u-le'avad o' means 'and to serve him', 'bechol' means 'with all', 'levavchem' means 'your heart', 'uvechol' means 'and with all', 'nafshchem' means 'your soul'.
[JOS.22.6] And Joshua blessed them, and he sent them, and they went to their tents. [§]
Vayevarkhem Yehoshua vayeshallekhem vayelechu el-aha'lehem.
'Vayevarkhem' means 'and he blessed them', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'vayeshallekhem' means 'and he sent them', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'el-aha'lehem' means 'to their tents'. The final character 'ס' is a scribal section marker and does not affect the meaning of the verse.
[JOS.22.7] And Moses gave half of the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, and the other half he gave to Joshua with his brothers beyond the Jordan to the south; and also Joshua sent them to their tents and blessed them. [§]
ve-la-chatsi shevet ha-Menashe natan Moshe ba-Bashan, u-le-chetzi lo natan Yehoshua im a-chei-hem me-ever ha-Yarden yamah, ve-gam ki shilcham Yehoshua el-olah-hem va-yevarachem.
've' means 'and', 'la-chatsi' means 'to half', 'shevet' means 'tribe', 'ha-Menashe' means 'the tribe of Manasseh', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'ba-Bashan' means 'in Bashan', 'u' means 'and', 'le-chetzi' means 'to its half', 'lo' means 'to it', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'im' means 'with', 'a-chei-hem' means 'his brothers', 'me-ever' means 'beyond', 'ha-Yarden' means 'the Jordan', 'yamah' means 'to the south', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'ki' means 'that' or 'for', 'shilcham' means 'he sent them', 'el' means 'to', 'olah-hem' means 'their tents', 'va-yevarachem' means 'and he blessed them'.
[JOS.22.8] And he said to them, saying, 'With great wealth return to your tents, and with a very great herd in silver, in gold, in bronze, in iron, and in many fine vessels, divide the plunder of your enemies with your brothers.' [§]
Vayomer aleihem le'emor binchasim rabbim shuvu el-ahaleychem uve-mikneh rav me'od bechesef uve-zahav uve-nichoshet uve-barzel uve-silamot harbeh me'od chilku shelal oyveichem im achaychem.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'binchasim' means 'with wealth', 'rabbim' means 'great', 'shuvu' means 'return', 'el-ahaleychem' means 'to your tents', 'uve-mikneh' means 'and with a herd', 'rav' means 'great', 'me'od' means 'very', 'bechesef' means 'in silver', 'uve-zahav' means 'and in gold', 'uve-nichoshet' means 'and in bronze', 'uve-barzel' means 'and in iron', 'uve-silamot' means 'and in fine vessels', 'harbeh' means 'many', 'me'od' means 'very', 'chilku' means 'divide', 'shelal' means 'the plunder', 'oyveichem' means 'of your enemies', 'im' means 'with', 'achaychem' means 'your brothers'.
[JOS.22.9] And they returned and went the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh from the side of the sons of Israel, the portion that was in the land of Canaan, to go to the land of Gilead, to the land of their possession that they held in it, by the mouth of Yahveh, by the hand of Moses. [§]
vayashuvu vayelechu b'nei Reuven u'venei Gad vachatsi shevet haMenashe me'et b'nei Yisrael mishle asher be'eretz Kena'an lalekhet el-eretz haGil'ad el-eretz achuzatam asher no'achazu bah al-pi Yahveh b'yad Moshe.
'vayashuvu' means 'and they returned', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'b'nei Reuven' means 'the sons of Reuben', 'u'venei Gad' means 'and the sons of Gad', 'vachatsi' means 'and half', 'shevet' means 'the tribe', 'haMenashe' means 'of Manasseh', 'me'et' means 'from the side of', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the sons of Israel', 'mishle' means 'the portion', 'asher' means 'that', 'be'eretz Kena'an' means 'in the land of Canaan', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'el-eretz haGil'ad' means 'to the land of Gilead', 'el-eretz achuzatam' means 'to the land of their possession', 'asher no'achazu bah' means 'that they held in it', 'al-pi' literally means 'by the mouth of' and is an idiom for 'by the command of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'b'yad' means 'by the hand of', 'Moshe' means 'Moses'.
[JOS.22.10] And they came to the Gilead of the Jordan which is in the land of Canaan, and the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh built there an altar on the Jordan, a great altar to be seen. [§]
Vayyavo'u el gelilot hayarden asher be'eretz kena'an vayivnu b'nei Reuven u'b'nei Gad vachatsi shevet hamanashe sham mizbeach al-hayarden mizbeach gadol lemareh.
'Vayyavo'u' means 'and they came', 'el' means 'to', 'gelilot' means 'the Gilead(s)', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'asher' means 'which', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'kena'an' means 'Canaan', 'vayivnu' means 'and they built', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Reuven' is a proper name, 'u'b'nei' means 'and the children of', 'Gad' is a proper name, 'vachatsi' means 'and half', 'shevet' means 'the tribe of', 'hamanashe' means 'Manasseh', 'sham' means 'there', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'al' means 'on', 'hayarden' again 'the Jordan', 'mizbeach' again 'altar', 'gadol' means 'great', 'lemareh' means 'to be seen' or 'for display'.
[JOS.22.11] The sons of Israel heard saying, Behold, the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh have built an altar opposite the land of Canaan, toward the regions of the Jordan, to the other side of the sons of Israel. [§]
Vayishmeu b'nei Yisrael le'emor hineh banú b'nei Reuven u'v'nei Gad vachatsi shevet hamenasse et hamizbeach el mul eretz Kena'an el gelilot hayarden el ever b'nei Yisrael.
'Vayishmeu' means 'they heard', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the sons of Israel', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'banú' means 'they built', 'b'nei Reuven' means 'the sons of Reuben', 'u'v'nei Gad' means 'and the sons of Gad', 'vachatsi' means 'and half', 'shevet hamenasse' means 'the tribe of Manasseh', 'et hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'el mul' means 'facing' or 'opposite', 'eretz Kena'an' means 'the land of Canaan', 'el gelilot hayarden' means 'to the regions of the Jordan', 'el ever' means 'to the other side', and the final 'b'nei Yisrael' repeats 'the sons of Israel'.
[JOS.22.12] And the children of Israel heard and all the assembly of the children of Israel gathered together to go up against them for battle. [§]
Vayishmeu bnei Yisrael vayikahlu kol adat bnei Yisrael shiloh laalot aleihem latzava.
'Vayishmeu' means 'and they heard', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayikahlu' means 'and they gathered', 'kol' means 'all', 'adat' means 'assembly' or 'congregation', 'shiloh' is an idiom meaning 'together' or 'in one group', 'laalot' means 'to go up' (here understood as 'to advance' or 'to go out'), 'aleihem' means 'against them', 'latzava' means 'for battle' or 'to the army'.
[JOS.22.13] And the children of Israel sent to the children of Reuben and to the children of Gad and to the half tribe of Manasseh to the land of Gilead Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest. [§]
vayishlechu bnei Yisrael el bnei Reuven veel bnei Gad veel chatsiy shevet Menashe el eretz haGilead et Pinhas ben Eleazar haKohen.
'vayishlechu' means 'and they sent', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'el' means 'to', 'Reuven' means 'Reuben', 'Gad' means 'Gad', 'veel' means 'and to', 'chatsiy' means 'half', 'shevet' means 'tribe', 'Menashe' means 'Manasseh', 'eretz' means 'land', 'haGilead' means 'the Gilead', 'et' is the direct object marker (often untranslated), 'Pinhas' means 'Phinehas', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Eleazar' means 'Eleazar', 'haKohen' means 'the priest'.
[JOS.22.14] And ten carriers with him, one chief, one chief for the house of a father, for all the tribes of Israel; and a man, head of the house of their fathers, they are for the thousands of Israel. [§]
va'asarah nesi'im immo nasi echad nasi echad lebeit av lechol matot Yisrael ve'ish rosh beit avotam hemmah le'alfei Yisrael.
"va'asarah" means "and ten"; "nesi'im" means "carriers" (those who bear); "immo" means "with him"; "nasi" means "chief" or "prince"; "echad" means "one"; the phrase "nasi echad" therefore means "one chief"; the second "nasi echad" repeats the same; "lebeit" means "to the house of"; "av" means "father"; "lechol" means "for all"; "matot" means "tribes" or "clans"; "Yisrael" means "Israel"; "ve'ish" means "and a man"; "rosh" means "head"; "beit" means "house"; "avotam" means "their fathers"; "hemmah" means "they are"; "le'alfei" means "for the thousands of"; "Yisrael" again means "Israel".
[JOS.22.15] And they came to the sons of Reuben, and to the sons of Gad, and to half the tribe of Manasseh, to the land of Gilead; and they spoke with them, saying: [§]
Vayavo'u el-b'nei Re'uven ve'el-b'nei Gad ve'el chatzi shevet Menashe el eretz ha Gil'ad vaydaberu itam le'emor.
'Vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'el' means 'to', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Re'uven' is the name Reuben, 've'el' means 'and to', 'Gad' is the name Gad, 've'el' again means 'and to', 'chatzi' means 'half', 'shevet' means 'tribe', 'Menashe' is the name Manasseh, 'el' means 'to', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'Gil'ad' is the place Gilead, 'vaydaberu' means 'and they spoke', 'itam' means 'with them', 'le'emor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[JOS.22.16] Thus they said the whole assembly of Yahveh: What is this altar here that you have raised among the Gods of Israel, to turn today away from Yahveh? In your buildings for you a sacrifice for your rebellion today in Yahveh. [§]
Ko amru kol adat Yahveh ma ha-ma'al hazeh asher me'altem beElohei Yisrael lashuv hayom meacharei Yahveh bivnotchem lachem mizbeach limradchem hayom baYahveh
"Ko" means "Thus", "amru" means "they said", "kol" means "all", "adat" means "assembly", "Yahveh" is the literal rendering of YHVH, "ma" means "what", "ha-ma'al" means "the altar", "hazeh" means "this", "asher" means "that", "me'altem" means "you have raised", "beElohei" means "among the Gods" (plural of El), "Yisrael" means "Israel", "lashuv" means "to turn", "hayom" means "today", "meacharei" means "after" or "away from", "bivnotchem" means "in your buildings", "lachem" means "for you", "mizbeach" means "a sacrifice", "limradchem" means "for your rebellion", "baYahveh" means "in Yahveh".
[JOS.22.17] The little for us, the sin of filth that we have not purified from us until this day, and it was the plague in the presence of Yahveh. [§]
Ha-meat la-nu et avon Peor asher lo hitaharnu mimeinu ad ha-yom ha-zeh vayhee ha-negef ba'adat Yahveh.
'Ha-meat' means 'the little', 'la-nu' means 'to us', 'et' is a direct object marker (no translation), 'avon' means 'sin', 'Peor' means 'filth', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lo' means 'not', 'hitaharnu' means 'we have purified', 'mimeinu' means 'from us', 'ad' means 'until', 'ha-yom' means 'the day', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 'vayhee' means 'and it was', 'ha-negef' means 'the plague', 'ba'adat' means 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH.
[JOS.22.18] And you will turn today away from Yahveh, and it will be that you will rebel today in Yahveh, and tomorrow he will be angry against the whole assembly of Israel. [§]
Ve'atem tashuvu hayom me'acharei Yahveh ve'hayah atem timradu hayom baYahveh u'machar el-kol-adat Yisrael yiketsef.
'Ve'atem' means 'and you (plural)'; 'tashuvu' means 'will turn' or 'will return'; 'hayom' means 'today'; 'me'acharei' means 'after' or 'from behind'; 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH; 've'hayah' means 'and it will be'; 'atem' means 'you (plural)'; 'timradu' means 'will rebel'; 'hayom' again means 'today'; 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' or 'against Yahveh'; 'u'machar' means 'and tomorrow'; 'el' means 'against' or 'to'; 'kol' means 'all'; 'adat' means 'assembly' or 'congregation'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'yiketsef' means 'will be angry' or 'will rage'.
[JOS.22.19] But if the land of your possession is defiled, go, you, to the land of the possession of Yahveh, that which Yahveh dwelt there, the tabernacle of Yahveh, and they shall hold among us, and by Yahveh do not rebel, and us to rebel in your building for you, an altar beyond the altar of Yahveh, our God. [§]
ve'ach im-tmeah erets achuzatkhem ivru lachem el erets achuzat Yahveh asher shakan-sham mishkan Yahveh vehe'achazu betochenu u'vaYahveh al timradu ve'otanu el timradu bivnotkhem lachem mizbeach mibaldai mizbach Yahveh Eloheinu.
've'ach' means 'but', 'im-tmeah' means 'if (it) is defiled', 'erets' means 'land', 'achuzatkhem' means 'your possession', 'ivru' means 'go' or 'pass', 'lachem' means 'to you', 'el' means 'to', 'erets' again 'land', 'achuzat' means 'possession', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'that', 'shakan-sham' means 'dwelt there', 'mishkan' means 'tabernacle', 'Yahveh' again 'Yahveh', 'vehe'achazu' means 'and they shall hold', 'betochenu' means 'among us', 'u'vaYahveh' means 'and by Yahveh', 'al timradu' means 'do not rebel', 've'otanu' means 'and us', 'el timradu' means 'to rebel', 'bivnotkhem' means 'in your building', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'mibaldai' means 'beyond' or 'outside', 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God'.
[JOS.22.20] Is not Akhan, son of Zerah, who went up, went up into the vineyard, and over all the assembly of Israel there was wrath, and he was a single man who did not become angry because of his guilt. [§]
Ha'lo akhan ben-zerach ma'al ma'al ba-cherem ve'al kol adat Yisrael haya katshef ve-hu ish echad lo gavah ba'avono.
'Ha'lo' means 'Is not', 'akhan' is a proper name meaning 'Akhan', 'ben-zerach' means 'son of Zerah', 'ma'al' means 'went up', 'ma'al' (repeated) emphasizes the ascent, 'ba-cherem' means 'into the vineyard', 've'al' means 'and over', 'kol' means 'all', 'adat' means 'assembly' or 'congregation', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'haya' means 'was', 'katshef' means 'wrath' or 'anger', 've-hu' means 'and he', 'ish' means 'man', 'echad' means 'one' or 'single', 'lo' means 'not', 'gavah' means 'to rise in anger', 'ba-avono' means 'in his guilt' or 'because of his sin'.
[JOS.22.21] And the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh spoke to the heads of the thousands of Israel. [§]
Vaya'anu b'nei-Reuben u'venei-Gad v'chazi shevet haManashe ve'yedaberu et-rashei alfei Yisrael.
'Vaya'anu' means 'and they answered' or 'and they responded', 'b'nei-Reuben' means 'the sons of Reuben', 'u'venei-Gad' means 'and the sons of Gad', 'v'chazi' means 'and half', 'shevet' means 'the tribe', 'haManashe' means 'the Manasseh', 've'yedaberu' means 'and they spoke', 'et-rashei' means 'to the heads of', 'alfei' means 'the thousands of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.22.22] God the Gods Yahveh God the Gods Yahveh he knows and Israel he knows if in rebellion and if in exaltation in Yahveh do not save us this day. [§]
El Elohim Yahveh El Elohim Yahveh hu yodea veYisrael hu yeda im-bered ve-im-bama'al baYahveh al-toshieinu hayom hazeh.
'El' means 'God', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'hu' means 'he', 'yodea' means 'knows', 'veYisrael' means 'and Israel', 'yeda' also means 'knows', 'im-bered' means 'if in rebellion', 've-im-bama'al' means 'and if in exaltation', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'al-toshieinu' means 'do not save us', 'hayom' means 'today', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[JOS.22.23] To build for us an altar to turn away from Yahveh, and if to bring up on it a burnt offering and a grain offering, and if to make on it peace offerings, Yahveh he will seek. [§]
Livnot lanu mizbeach lashuv meacharei Yahveh ve'im leha'alot alav ola umincha ve'im la'asot alav zivchei shlamim Yahveh hu yivakesh.
'Livnot' means 'to build', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'lashuv' means 'to return' or 'to turn back', 'meacharei' means 'from behind' or 'away from', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 've'im' means 'and if', 'leha'alot' means 'to bring up' or 'to offer', 'alav' means 'on it', 'ola' means 'burnt offering', 'umincha' means 'and a grain offering', 've'im' again means 'and if', 'la'asot' means 'to make', 'zivchei' means 'sacrifices', 'shlamim' means 'peace offerings', 'hu' means 'he', 'yivakesh' means 'will seek' or 'will demand'.
[JOS.22.24] And if not without anxiety about the matter we have done this to say, tomorrow they will say, 'Your children to our children, what is yours?' and to Yahveh God of Israel. [§]
ve'im lo mid'aga midavar asinu et zot le'emor machar yomru v'neichem levanenu le'emor mah-lachem ve'laYahveh Elohei Yisrael.
've'im' means 'and if', 'lo' means 'not', 'mid'aga' means 'without anxiety' or 'without concern', 'midavar' means 'about the matter', 'asinu' means 'we have done', 'et zot' means 'this', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'yomru' means 'they will say', 'v'neichem' means 'your children', 'levaneinu' means 'to our children', another 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'mah-lachem' means 'what is for you' or 'what is yours', 've'laYahveh' means 'and to Yahveh', 'Elohei' means 'God of', and 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[JOS.22.25] And a border Yahveh gave between us and you, the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad, the Jordan; you have no share in Yahveh, and they will destroy your children from our children lest you fear Yahveh. [§]
Ugevul natan Yehovah beynenu uveyneichem b'nei Reuven u'vnei Gad et haYarden ein lakhhem chelek baYahveh vehishbitu b'neichem et banenu levilti yera et Yehovah.
'Ugevul' means 'and a border', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Yehovah' is the divine name rendered as 'Yahveh', 'beynenu' means 'between us', 'uveyneichem' means 'and between you', 'b'nei Reuven' means 'the sons of Reuben', 'u'vnei Gad' means 'and the sons of Gad', 'et haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'ein lakhhem' means 'you have no', 'chelek' means 'share' or 'portion', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'vehishbitu' means 'and they will destroy', 'b'neichem' means 'your children', 'et banenu' means 'our children', 'levilti' means 'lest', 'yera' means 'you fear', 'et Yehovah' means 'Yahveh'.
[JOS.22.26] And we said, Let us now build for ourselves an altar, not for burnt offering and not for sacrifice. [§]
vanomer na'aseh na lanu livnot et hamizbeach lo leolah ve-lo le zavach.
'vanomer' means 'and we said', 'na'aseh na' means 'let us now', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'livnot' means 'to build', 'et hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'lo' means 'not', 'leolah' means 'for a burnt offering', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'le zavach' means 'for a sacrifice'.
[JOS.22.27] For it is a testimony among us and among you and among our generations after us to serve the service of Yahveh before Him in our burnt offerings and in our sacrifices and in our peace offerings, and your children will not say tomorrow to our children, 'You have no share in Yahveh.' [§]
Ki ed hu beineinu uveineichem uvein doroteinu achareinu laavod et avodat Yahveh lefanav be'olateinu uvizbachteinu uvishlamenu velo yoamru veneichem machar levaneinu ein lekhem chelek baYahveh.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ed' means 'testimony' or 'witness', 'hu' means 'it is', 'beineinu' means 'among us', 'uveineichem' means 'and among you', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'doroteinu' means 'our generations', 'achareinu' means 'after us', 'laavod' means 'to serve', 'et avodat' means 'the service of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'lefanav' means 'before Him', 'be'olateinu' means 'in our burnt offerings', 'uvizbachteinu' means 'and in our sacrifices', 'uvishlamenu' means 'and in our peace offerings', 'velo yoamru' means 'and they will not say', 'veneichem' means 'your children', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'levaneinu' means 'to our children', 'ein lekhem' means 'you have none', 'chelek' means 'share', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh'.
[JOS.22.28] And we said, and it shall be because they will say to us and to our generations tomorrow, and we will say, 'See the pattern of the altar of Yahveh which our fathers made, not for burnt offering nor for sacrifice, for it is a witness between us and between you.' [§]
Vanomer ve-hayah ki-yomru elenu ve-el-doroteinu machar ve-amarnu reu et-tavnit mizbeach Yahveh asher-asu avoteinu lo leolah ve-lo lezevach ki ed hu beineinu uveineichem.
'Vanomer' means 'and we said', 've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ki-yomru' means 'because they will say', 'elenu' means 'to us' (the preposition 'el' is not a divine name here), 've-el-doroteinu' means 'and to our generations', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 've-amarnu' means 'and we will say', 'reu' means 'see', 'et-tavnit' means 'the pattern', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher-asu' means 'which they made', 'avoteinu' means 'our fathers', 'lo leolah' means 'not for burnt offering', 've-lo lezevach' means 'nor for sacrifice', 'ki' means 'because', 'ed' means 'a witness', 'hu' means 'it is', 'beineinu' means 'between us', 'uveineichem' means 'and between you'.
[JOS.22.29] Shame upon us from us to rebel against Yahveh and to turn back today after Yahveh to build an altar for burnt offering, for grain offering and for sacrifice besides the altar of Yahveh our God who is before his dwelling place. [§]
Chalila lanu mimenu limrod baYahveh veLashuv hayom meacharei Yahveh livnot mizbeach leolah lemincha ulezavach milvad mizbeach Yahveh Eloheinu asher lifnei mishkano.
'Chalila' means 'shame', 'lanu' means 'upon us', 'mimenu' means 'from us', 'limrod' means 'to rebel', 'baYahveh' means 'against Yahveh', 'veLashuv' means 'and to turn back', 'hayom' means 'today', 'meacharei' means 'after', 'Yahveh' means the divine name Yahveh, 'livnot' means 'to build', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'leolah' means 'for burnt offering', 'lemincha' means 'for grain offering', 'ulezavach' means 'and for sacrifice', 'milvad' means 'besides', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God', 'asher' means 'who', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'mishkano' means 'his dwelling place'.
[JOS.22.30] And Phinehas the priest and the leaders of the congregation and the heads of the thousands of Israel who were with him heard the words which the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and the sons of Menashe spoke, and it was good in their eyes. [§]
Va-yishma Pinchas ha-kohein u-nesi'ei ha-eda ve-rashei alfei Yisrael asher ito et-hadvarim asher dibru b'nei Reuven u-venei Gad u-venei Menashe va-yitav be-einehem.
'Va-yishma' means 'and he heard', 'Pinchas' is the name Phinehas, 'ha-kohein' means 'the priest', 'u-nesi'ei' means 'and the leaders', 'ha-eda' means 'of the congregation', 've-rashei' means 'and the heads', 'alfai' means 'of the thousands', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'with him', 'et-hadvarim' means 'the words', 'asher dibru' means 'which they spoke', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Reuven', 'Gad', 'Menashe' are tribal names, 'va-yitav' means 'and it was good', 'be-einehem' means 'in their eyes'.
[JOS.22.31] And Pinchas son of Elazar the priest said to the sons of Reuben and to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Manasseh, Today we have known that among us is Yahveh, who you have not forsaken in Yahveh the high one; then you saved the sons of Israel from the hand of Yahveh. [§]
Vayomer Pinchas ben Elazar haKohen el benei Reuven ve el benei Gad ve el benei Menashe hayom yada'nu ki betochenu Yahveh asher lo me'altem baYahveh hama'al haze az hisaltam et benei Yisrael mi yad Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Pinchas' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Elazar' is a proper name, 'haKohen' means 'the priest', 'el' means 'to', 'benei' means 'the sons of', 'Reuven', 'Gad', and 'Menashe' are tribe names, 'hayom' means 'today', 'yada'nu' means 'we have known', 'ki' means 'that', 'betochenu' means 'among us', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'who', 'lo' means 'not', 'me'altem' means 'you have forsaken', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'hama'al' means 'the high', 'haze' means 'this', 'az' means 'then', 'hisaltam' means 'you saved', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'benei Yisrael' means 'the sons of Israel', 'mi yad' means 'from the hand of', and the final 'Yahveh' is again the divine name.
[JOS.22.32] And Pinchas son of Eleazar the priest and the princes from the sons of Reuben and from the sons of Gad from the land of Gilad went to the land of Canaan to the children of Israel, and they brought them a matter. [§]
vayashav Pinchas ben Eleazar ha kohen ve han'si'im me'et Bnei Reuven ve me'et Bnei Gad me eretz ha Gil'ad el eretz Canaan el Bnei Yisrael vayashivu otam davar.
'vayashav' means 'and returned', 'Pinchas' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Eleazar' is a proper name, 'ha' means 'the', 'kohen' means 'priest', 've' means 'and', 'han'si'im' means 'the princes', 'me'et' means 'from the side of', 'Bnei' means 'sons of', 'Reuven' is a tribe name, 've' = 'and', 'me'et' again, 'Bnei' again, 'Gad' tribe, 'me' = 'from', 'eretz' means 'land', 'ha' = 'the', 'Gil'ad' is a region, 'el' = 'to', 'eretz' = 'land', 'Canaan' = 'Canaan', 'el' = 'to', 'Bnei' = 'sons of', 'Yisrael' = 'Israel', 'vayashivu' = 'and they brought', 'otam' = 'them', 'davar' = 'word' or 'matter'.
[JOS.22.33] And the matter was good in the eyes of the children of Israel and they blessed the Gods, the children of Israel, and they did not say to raise them to the army to destroy the land which the children of Reuven and the children of Gad were residing in. [§]
Vayitav hadavar be'einei b'nei Yisrael vayevarchu Elohim b'nei Yisrael velo amru la'alot aleihem latzava leshachet et haaretz asher b'nei-Reuven u'venei-Gad yoshevim bah.
'Vayitav' means 'and it was good', 'hadavar' means 'the matter', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'vayevarchu' means 'and they blessed', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'velo' means 'and they did not', 'amru' means 'say', 'la'alot' means 'to raise', 'aleihem' means 'them', 'latzava' means 'to the army', 'leshachet' means 'to destroy', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'b'nei-Reuven' means 'the children of Reuven', 'u'venei-Gad' means 'and the children of Gad', 'yoshevim' means 'are residing', 'bah' means 'in it'.
[JOS.22.34] And the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad called to the altar, for it is a witness between us, because Yahveh the Gods. [§]
Vayikreu b'nei Reuven u'venei Gad lamizbeach ki ed hu beinoteinu ki Yahveh haElohim.
'Vayikreu' means 'and they called', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Reuven' is the name Reuben, 'u'venei' means 'and the sons of', 'Gad' is the name Gad, 'lamizbeach' means 'to the altar', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'ed' means 'a witness', 'hu' means 'it is', 'beinoteinu' means 'between us' or 'among us', 'ka' appears again as 'because', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, and 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (the plural form of Elohim).
JOS.23
[JOS.23.1] And it was many days after Yahveh had released Israel from all their surrounding enemies that Joshua the elder came in those days. [§]
Vayehi miyamim rabbim acharai asher-heyni'ach Yahveh leYisrael mikol-oyvehem misaviv viYehoshua zaken ba bayamim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'miyamim' means 'of days' (here indicating a period of days), 'rabbim' means 'many' or 'great', 'acharai' means 'after', 'asher' means 'that', 'heyni'ach' means 'he let go' or 'he released', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'leYisrael' means 'to Israel', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'oyvehem' means 'their enemies', 'misaviv' means 'around' or 'surrounding', 'viYehoshua' means 'and Joshua', 'zakEn' means 'old' (an honorific meaning 'the elder'), 'ba' means 'came', and 'bayamim' means 'in the days'.
[JOS.23.2] And Joshua called to all Israel, to his elders, to his chiefs, to his judges, and to his officers, and said to them, "I am old; I have come in the days." [§]
Vayikra Yehoshua lekol Yisrael lizkenav ulerleashav uleshof tav uleshoterav vayomer alehem Ani zakanti bati bayamim.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'lekol Yisrael' means 'to all Israel', 'lizkenav' means 'to his elders', 'ulerashav' means 'to his chiefs', 'uleshof tav' means 'to his judges', 'uleshoterav' means 'to his officers', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Ani' means 'I', 'zakanti' means 'have grown old' or 'am old', 'bati' means 'I have come', 'bayamim' means 'in the days'.
[JOS.23.3] And you saw all that Yahveh your the Gods did for all the nations these before you, because Yahveh your the Gods he is the fighter for you. [§]
ve'atem re'item et kol asher asah Yahveh elohichem lekoll haggoyim ha'eleh mip'nei chem ki Yahveh elohichem hu hanilcham lachem.
've'atem' means 'and you (plural)', 're'item' means 'you saw', 'et' is an accusative marker (often not translated), 'kol asher' means 'all that', 'asah' means 'did' or 'made', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'elohichem' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'your the Gods', 'lekoll' means 'to all', 'haggoyim' means 'the nations', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'mip'nei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'chem' is 'you (plural)', 'ki' means 'because', 'Yahveh' again 'Yahveh', 'elohichem' again 'your the Gods', 'hu' means 'he', 'hanilcham' means 'the fighter' or 'the warlike one', 'lachem' means 'for you'.
[JOS.23.4] See, I have cast down for you the remaining nations, these as an inheritance for your tribes from the Jordan, and all the nations that I have cut off, and the great sea, source of the sun. [§]
Re'u hifalti lachem et-hagoyim hanisherim ha'eleh benachalah l'shivteichem min-hayarden vechol-hagoyim asher hichrati ve-hayam ha-gadol mevo ha-shamesh.
'Re'u' means 'see' or 'behold'; 'hifalti' is 'I have cast down' or 'I have given'; 'lachem' means 'to you' (plural); 'et-' is the direct object marker; 'hagoyim' means 'the nations'; 'hanisherim' means 'the remaining'; 'ha'eleh' means 'these'; 'benachalah' means 'as an inheritance' or 'as a portion'; 'l'shivteichem' means 'for your tribes'; 'min-hayarden' means 'from the Jordan (river)'; 'vechol-' means 'and all'; 'hagoyim' again 'the nations'; 'asher' means 'that/which'; 'hichrati' means 'I have cut off'; 've-hayam' means 'and the sea'; 'ha-gadol' means 'the great'; 'mevo' means 'source' or 'bringing forth'; 'ha-shamesh' means 'the sun'.
[JOS.23.5] And Yahveh the Gods your, he will drive them out from before you and remove them from before you, and you will inherit their land as Yahveh the Gods your has spoken to you. [§]
Vayhavah Eloheichem hu yehad'phem mip'neichem vehorish otam milif'neichem vi'ri'shetem et-artzam ka'asher diber Yahveh Eloheichem lakhem.
'Vayhavah' means 'and Yahveh', 'Eloheichem' means 'the Gods your', 'hu' means 'he', 'yehad'phem' means 'will drive them out', 'mip'neichem' means 'from before you', 'vehoriz' means 'and remove', 'otam' means 'them', 'milif'neichem' means 'from before you', 'vi'ri'shetem' means 'and you will inherit', 'et-artzam' means 'their land', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'Eloheichem' means 'the Gods your', 'lakhem' means 'to you'.
[JOS.23.6] And you will be very strong to keep and to do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses, without turning aside from it right or left. [§]
Vachazaktam me'od lishmor ve'la'asot et kol-hakatuv be'sefer torat Moshe le'bilti sur mimenu yamin u'smola.
'Vachazaktam' means 'you will be strong', 'me'od' means 'very', 'lishmor' means 'to keep', 've'la'asot' means 'and to do', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'hakatuv' means 'that is written', 'be'sefer' means 'in the book', 'torat' means 'law of', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'le'bilti' means 'without', 'sur' means 'turning aside', 'mimenu' means 'from it', 'yamin' means 'right', 'u'smola' means 'and left'.
[JOS.23.7] Without coming among the nations these the remaining these with you and in the name of the Gods you shall not mention, nor satisfy, nor serve them, nor bow to them. [§]
Levilti-vo bagoyim ha'eleh ha-nish'arim ha'eleh itchem uveshem Eloheihem lo-tazkiru velo tashbihu velo ta'avdum velo tishtachavu lahem.
'Levilti-vo' means 'without coming'; 'bagoyim' means 'among the nations'; 'ha'eleh' means 'these'; 'ha-nish'arim' means 'the remaining'; the second 'ha'eleh' again means 'these'; 'itchem' means 'with you'; 'uveshem' means 'and in the name of'; 'Eloheihem' means 'their Gods' (Elohim = the Gods); 'lo-tazkiru' means 'you shall not mention'; 'velo' means 'nor'; 'tashbihu' means 'you shall satisfy'; the second 'velo' again 'nor'; 'ta'avdum' means 'you shall serve them'; the third 'velo' again 'nor'; 'tishtachavu' means 'you shall bow to'; 'lahem' means 'them'.
[JOS.23.8] For if you cling in Yahveh your Gods, just as you have done until this day. [§]
Ki im baYahveh Eloheichem tidbaku ka'asher asitem ad hayom hazeh.
'Ki' means 'because' or 'for'; 'im' means 'if'; 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (Yahveh is the literal translation of YHVH); 'Eloheichem' means 'your Gods' (Elohim is translated as 'the Gods'); 'tidbaku' means 'you will cling' or 'you cling'; 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as'; 'asitem' means 'you have done'; 'ad' means 'until' or 'up to'; 'hayom' means 'the day'; 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[JOS.23.9] And Yahveh drove out before you great and mighty nations, and you have not stood a man before you until this day. [§]
Vayoreish Yahveh mipnechem goyim gedolim veatzumim veatem lo amad ish bifnechem ad hayom hazeh.
'Vayoreish' means 'and drove out', 'Yahveh' is the rendering of the Divine Name YHVH, 'mipnechem' means 'before you', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'gedolim' means 'great', 'veatzumim' means 'and mighty', 'veatem' means 'and you', 'lo amad' means 'did not stand', 'ish' means 'a man', 'bifnechem' means 'in front of you', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[JOS.23.10] One man among you will pursue a thousand, because Yahveh your Gods is the one who fights against you just as He spoke to you. [§]
Ish-echad mikem yirdef-alf ki Yahveh elohichem hu ha-nilcham lachem ka-asher diber lachem.
"Ish-echad" means "one man" ("ish" = "man", "echad" = "one"). "mikem" means "among you" or "from you" ("mi" = "from", "kem" = "you"). "yirdef-alf" means "will pursue a thousand" (verb root *r-d-f* = "pursue/chase", "alf" = "thousand"). "ki" means "because". "Yahveh" is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. "elohichem" means "your Gods" ("eloh" = "Gods", "-ichem" = "your"). "hu" means "he". "ha-nilcham" means "the one who fights" ("ha" = definite article, "nilcham" = verb form meaning "fights"). "lachem" means "against you" (preposition "la" + "chem" = "you"). "ka-asher" means "as" or "just as". "diber" means "spoke" (verb root *d-b-r*). "lachem" again means "to you". The idiom "the one who fights against you as He spoke to you" is rendered literally.
[JOS.23.11] And you shall greatly keep yourselves for your souls for love of Yahveh your Gods. [§]
ve-nishmartem meod le-napshotekhem le-ahavah et Yahveh Eloheikhem.
've-nishmartem' means 'and you shall keep/guard', 'meod' means 'greatly', 'le-napshotekhem' means 'for your souls', 'le-ahavah' means 'for love', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'Eloheikhem' is the literal translation of the name Elohim in the possessive form, rendered as 'your Gods'.
[JOS.23.12] Because if you return and cling to the remaining nations, these remaining ones with you, and you will humble yourselves among them, you will go among them, and they will be among you. [§]
Ki im shuv tashuvu udevaktem beyet er haggoyim ha'ele hanish'arim ha'ele ittechem ve'hitchattan tem bahem u'vatem bahem ve'hem bakhem.
'Ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'shuv' means 'again' or 'return', 'tashuvu' means 'you will return', 'u' is the conjunction 'and', 'devaktem' means 'you will cling' or 'adhere', 'beyeter' means 'to the remainder' or 'among the rest', 'haggoyim' means 'the nations', 'ha'ele' means 'these', 'hanish'arim' means 'the remaining', 'ittechem' means 'with you', 've'hitchattan tem' means 'and you will humble yourselves among them' (literally 'you will make yourselves subject to them'), 'bahem' means 'among them', 'u'vatem' means 'and you will go', 've'hem' means 'and they', 'bakhem' means 'in you' or 'among you'.
[JOS.23.13] You will know, you will know that Yahveh your Gods will not add to drive out the nations these before you, and they will be to you a trash and a trap and a wanderer on your sides and a scorner in your eyes until your destruction from the good land this which Yahveh gave you, Yahveh your Gods. [§]
Yed'u ted'u ki lo yosif Yahveh your the Gods lehorish et hagoyim ha'eleh milifneichem veheyoo lachem lefach ulmoqesh ulshoteṭ b'tzidichem ulitz'nanim be'eineichem ad avadchem me'al ha'adamah hatovah hazot asher natan lachem Yahveh your the Gods.
'Yed\'u' means 'you will know', 'ted\'u' means 'you will know', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yosif' means 'he will add', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'your the Gods' translates the construct form 'Eloheichem' meaning 'your God' (here rendered literally as 'your the Gods'), 'lehorish' means 'to drive out', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hagoyim' means 'the nations', 'ha\'eleh' means 'these', 'milifneichem' means 'before you', 'veheyoo' means 'and they will be', 'lachem' means 'to you', 'lefach' means 'a trash', 'ulmoqesh' means 'and a trap', 'ulshoteṭ' means 'and a wanderer', 'b\'tzidichem' means 'on your sides', 'ulitz\'nan\'im' means 'and a scorner', 'be\'eineichem' means 'in your eyes', 'ad' means 'until', 'avadchem' means 'your destruction', 'me\'al' means 'from above', 'ha\'adamah' means 'the land', 'hatovah' means 'good', 'hazot' means 'this', 'asher' means 'which', 'natan' means 'gave', 'lachem' means 'to you', and the final 'Yahveh your the Gods' repeats the divine name and its construct form.
[JOS.23.14] And behold, I am walking today the whole way of the earth, and you will know in all your hearts and in all your souls that not one thing has fallen from all the good words that Yahveh your Gods spoke upon you; all have come to you, and not one thing has fallen from it. [§]
ve-hineh anochi holech hayom be-derekh kol ha-aretz ve-yadata'em be-kol levavchem u-ve-kol nafshchem ki lo nafal davar echad mi-kol ha-dvarim ha-tovim asher diber Yahveh Eloheichem alachem ha-kol ba'u lachem lo nafal mimenu davar echad.
"ve-hineh" means "and behold", "anochi" means "I", "holech" means "am walking", "hayom" means "today", "be-derekh" means "in the way of", "kol" means "all", "ha-aretz" means "the earth", "ve-yadata'em" means "and you will know", "be-kol" means "in all", "levavchem" means "your hearts", "u-ve-kol" means "and in all", "nafshchem" means "your souls", "ki" means "that", "lo" means "not", "nafal" means "has fallen", "davar" means "thing" or "matter", "echad" means "one", "mi-kol" means "from all", "ha-dvarim" means "the words", "ha-tovim" means "the good", "asher" means "that", "diber" means "spoke", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH, "Eloheichem" translates as "your Gods" (Elohim = the Gods), "alachem" means "upon you", "ha-kol" means "all", "ba'u" means "have come", "lachem" means "to you", "mi-menu" means "from it", "davar echad" means "one thing".
[JOS.23.15] And it shall be, as the good thing which Yahveh your Gods has spoken to you comes upon you, so Yahveh will bring upon you all the evil thing, until He destroys you from this good land which Yahveh your Gods gave to you. [§]
vehayah ka'asher ba aleichem kol hadavar hatov asher diber Yahveh Eloheichem aleichem ken yavi Yahveh aleichem et kol hadavar hara ad hashmidvo otchem me'al ha'adamah hatova hazot asher natan lakhem Yahveh Eloheichem.
'vehayah' means 'and it will be', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'ba' means 'comes', 'aleichem' means 'upon you (plural)', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'hadavar' means 'the thing/word', 'hatov' means 'good', 'asher' means 'that', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Eloheichem' means 'your the Gods' (literal of Elohim with your suffix), 'ken' means 'so/then', 'yavi' means 'will bring', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered), 'hara' means 'evil', 'ad' means 'until', 'hashmidvo' means 'He will destroy it', 'otchem' means 'you (object)', 'me'al' means 'from above/off', 'ha'adamah' means 'the land', 'hatova' means 'good', 'hazot' means 'this', 'asher' again 'that', 'natan' means 'gave', 'lakhem' means 'to you (plural)'.
[JOS.23.16] When you pass the covenant Yahveh your the Gods which commanded you and you walked and you served other the Gods and you bowed down to them and Yahveh's anger burned against you and you quickly perished from the good land which he gave you. [§]
beaverkhem et-brit Yahveh Eloheikhem asher tzivah etkhem vahalakhtem vaavadtem elohim acherim vehishtachavitem lahem vechara af-Yahveh bakhem vaavadtam mehera me'al haaretz hatova asher natan lakhem.
'beaverkhem' means 'when you pass', 'et-brit' means 'the covenant', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH and is translated as 'Yahveh', 'Eloheikhem' means 'your Elohim' and is rendered as 'your the Gods', 'asher' means 'which', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'etkhem' means 'you', 'vahalakhtem' means 'and you walked', 'vaavadtem' means 'and you served', 'elohim acherim' means 'other Elohim' and is rendered as 'other the Gods', 'vehistachavitem' means 'and you bowed down', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'vechara' means 'and burned', 'af-Yahveh' means 'the anger of Yahveh', 'bakhem' means 'against you', 'vaavadtam' means 'and you perished', 'mehera' means 'quickly', 'me'al haaretz hatova' means 'from the good land', 'asher natan lakhem' means 'which he gave to you'.
JOS.24
[JOS.24.1] And Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel early and called the elders of Israel and their heads and their judges and their officers and they stood before the Gods. [§]
va-ye'esaf Yehoshua et kol shivtei Yisrael shekema va-yikra le'ziknei Yisrael u-le'rashei u-le'shoftei u-le'shotrei va-yit-yatzvu lifnei ha-Elohim.
'va-ye'esaf' means 'and he gathered', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'et' is the accusative marker (no English equivalent), 'kol' means 'all', 'shivtei' means 'tribes of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'shekema' means 'early' or 'at daybreak', 'va-yikra' means 'and he called', 'le'ziknei' means 'to the elders of', 'u-le'rashei' means 'and to the heads of', 'u-le'shoftei' means 'and to the judges of', 'u-le'shotrei' means 'and to the officers of', 'va-yit-yatzvu' means 'and they stood', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ha-Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal plural of 'God'). The divine name Elohim is rendered literally as 'the Gods' per the translation guidelines.
[JOS.24.2] And Joshua said to all the people, Thus says Yahveh the Gods of Israel: beyond the river your fathers dwelt from forever, to the west the father of Abraham and the father of Nahor, and they served other Gods. [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua el kol ha'am koh amar Yahveh Elohei Yisrael be'ever hanahar yashvu avoteichem me'olam terach avi Avraham ve'avi Nachor vayaa'avdu elohim acherim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'el' means 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'be'ever' means 'beyond', 'hanahar' means 'the river', 'yashvu' means 'they dwelt', 'avoteichem' means 'your fathers', 'me'olam' means 'from forever/ever', 'terach' means 'to the west' (or 'westward'), 'avi' means 'father of', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 've'avi' means 'and the father of', 'Nachor' means 'Nahor', 'vayaa'avdu' means 'and they served', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'acherim' means 'other'.
[JOS.24.3] I will take your father Abraham from beyond the river, and I will lead him through all the land of Canaan, and I will multiply his offspring, and I will give him Isaac. [§]
Va'ekach et Avikhem et Avraham me'ever ha-nahar va'olekh oto bechol eretz Kena'an va'arve et zar'o va'etten lo et Yitschaq.
'Va'ekach' means 'I will take', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Avikhem' means 'your father', the second 'et' is again the direct‑object marker, 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'me'ever' means 'from beyond', 'ha-nahar' means 'the river', 'va'olekh' means 'and I will lead/go', 'oto' means 'him', 'bechol' means 'through all', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Kena'an' means 'Canaan', 'va'arve' means 'and I will multiply', the third 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'zar'o' means 'his seed', 'va'etten' means 'and I will give', 'lo' means 'to him', the fourth 'et' is the direct‑object marker, and 'Yitschaq' is the name Isaac.
[JOS.24.4] And I will give to Isaac Jacob and Esau, and I will give to Esau the mountain of Seir to inherit it, and Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt. [§]
vaeten leYitzchak et-Yaakov ve'et-Esav vaeten leEsav et-har Seir lareshet oto veYaakov uvanav yardeu miTzrayim
'vaeten' means 'and I will give', 'leYitzchak' means 'to Isaac', 'et-Yaakov' means 'Jacob' (direct object marker plus name), 've'et-Esav' means 'and Esau', 'vaeten' means 'and I will give' (again), 'leEsav' means 'to Esau', 'et-har' means 'the mountain', 'Seir' is the name of the mountain, 'lareshet' means 'to inherit', 'oto' means 'it', 'veYaakov' means 'and Jacob', 'uvanav' means 'and his sons', 'yardeu' means 'went down', 'miTzrayim' means 'to Egypt'.
[JOS.24.5] And I sent Moses and Aaron, and I struck Egypt as I did in its midst, and after I brought you out. [§]
vaeshlach et-Moshe veet-Aharon vaegof et-Mitzrayim kaasher asiti bekirbo veachar hotzeiti etchem.
'va' means 'and', 'eshlach' means 'I sent', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 've' means 'and', 'Aharon' is the personal name Aaron, 'va' again means 'and', 'egof' means 'I struck', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'asiti' means 'I did', 'be' means 'in', 'kirbo' means 'its midst' or 'its heart', 've' means 'and', 'achar' means 'after', 'hotzeiti' means 'I brought out', 'etchem' means 'you' (plural).
[JOS.24.6] And I will bring out your ancestors from Egypt, and you came to the sea, and Egypt pursued your ancestors with chariots and war chariots to the Red Sea. [§]
vaotzi et avoteikhem mimitzrayim vatavo'u hayammah vayird'fu mitzrayim acharay avoteikhem berechav uveparashim yam-suf.
'vaotzi' means 'and I will bring out', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'avoteikhem' means 'your ancestors', 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'vatavo'u' means 'and you came', 'hayammah' means 'the sea', 'vayird'fu' means 'and they pursued', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'acharay' means 'after', 'avoteikhem' repeats 'your ancestors', 'berechav' means 'in chariots', 'uveparashim' means 'and in war chariots', 'yam-suf' means 'the Red Sea' (literally 'Sea of Reeds' or 'Red Sea').
[JOS.24.7] And they cried out to Yahveh, and He placed a veil between you and the Egyptians, and He brought the sea upon it and covered it, and your eyes saw what I have done in Egypt, and you dwelt in the wilderness many days. [§]
vayits'aku el-Yahveh vayassim maafel beineichem uvein hamitzrim vayave alav et-hayam vayekassehu vatr'einah einachem et asher-asiti b'Mitzrayim vateshevu bamidbar yamim rabbim.
'vayits'aku' means 'and they cried out', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayassim' means 'and He placed', 'maafel' means 'a veil', 'beineichem' means 'between you', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'hamitzrim' means 'the Egyptians', 'vayave' means 'and He brought', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'et-hayam' means 'the sea', 'vayekassehu' means 'and He covered it', 'vatr'einah' means 'and your eyes saw', 'einachem' means 'your eyes', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'asher-asiti' means 'what I have done', 'b'Mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'vateshevu' means 'and you dwelt', 'bamidbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'yamim' means 'days', 'rabbim' means 'many'.
[JOS.24.8] And I will bring you to the land of the Amorite who dwells beyond the Jordan, and they fought with you, and I will give them into your hand, and you inherited their land, and I will destroy them before you. [§]
va'avi etchem el eretz ha'amori hayoshev be'ever haYarden vayilachamu itchem va'eten otam be'yedchem vatisheru et-artsam va'ashmidem mipnekhem.
'va'avi' means 'and I will bring/come', 'etchem' means 'you (pl.)', 'el' means 'to', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'ha'amori' means 'the Amorite', 'hayoshev' means 'who dwells', 'be'ever' means 'across', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'vayilachamu' means 'they fought', 'itchem' means 'with you', 'va'eten' means 'and I will give', 'otam' means 'them', 'be'yedchem' means 'in your hand', 'vatisheru' means 'you inherited', 'et-artsam' means 'their land', 'va'ashmidem' means 'and I will destroy them', 'mipnekhem' means 'before you' or 'in front of you'.
[JOS.24.9] And Balak son of Tzippor, the king of Moab, rose up, and he fought against Israel, and he sent and called to Bilam son of Beor to curse you. [§]
vayyakam balak ben-tzippor melekh moaab vayillahem beyisrael vayishlach vayikra lebilam ben-beor lekallel etchem.
'vayyakam' means 'and rose up', 'balak' is a proper name, 'ben-tzippor' means 'son of Tzippor', 'melekh' means 'king', 'moaab' means 'Moab', 'vayillahem' means 'and he fought', 'beyisrael' means 'against Israel', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'lebilam' means 'to Bilam', 'ben-beor' means 'son of Beor', 'lekallel' means 'to curse', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)'.
[JOS.24.10] And I will not listen to Balaam, and He blessed you and saved you from his hand. [§]
Ve'lo aviti lishmoa le-Bilam vayevarch baroch etchem va'atzil etchem miyado.
'Ve'lo' means 'and not', 'aviti' means 'I will not', 'lishmoa' means 'to listen', 'le-Bilam' means 'to Balaam', 'vayevarch' means 'and (he) blessed', 'baroch' means 'blessed', 'etchem' means 'you (plural) as object', 'va'atzil' means 'and I saved', 'etchem' again means 'you', 'miyado' means 'from his hand'.
[JOS.24.11] And you crossed the Jordan and you came to Jericho and they fought against you at the men of Jericho the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Girgashite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, and I will put them in your hand. [§]
Vata'avru et-hayyarden vataavo el-yericho vayillachamu bachem ba'alei-yericho haEmori vehaPerizi vehaKenaani vehaChiti vehaGirgashi haChivi vehaYevusi vaten otam beyedchem.
'Vata'avru' means 'and you crossed', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'vataavo' means 'and you came', 'el' means 'to', 'Yericho' means 'Jericho', 'vayillachamu' means 'and they fought', 'bachem' means 'against you', 'ba'alei-Yericho' means 'the men of Jericho', 'haEmori' means 'the Amorite', 'vehaPerizi' means 'and the Perizzite', 'vehaKenaani' means 'and the Canaanite', 'vehaChiti' means 'and the Hittite', 'vehaGirgashi' means 'and the Girgashite', 'haChivi' means 'the Hivite', 'vehaYevusi' means 'and the Jebusite', 'vaten' means 'and I will put', 'otam' means 'them', 'beyedchem' means 'in your hand'.
[JOS.24.12] And I sent before you the plague, and you drove them out from before you, two kings of the Amorite, not by your sword nor by your spear. [§]
Vaeshlach lifneichem et hatzira vategaresh otam mipneichem shnei malchei haamori lo becharvecha velo bekashetecha.
'Vaeshlach' means 'and I sent', 'lifneichem' means 'before you (plural)', 'et hatzira' means 'the plague', 'vategaresh' means 'and you drove out', 'otam' means 'them', 'mipneichem' means 'from before you', 'shnei' means 'two', 'malchei' means 'kings of', 'haamori' means 'the Amorite', 'lo' means 'not', 'becharvecha' means 'by your sword', 'velo' means 'and not', 'bekashetecha' means 'by your spear'.
[JOS.24.13] I will give you a land which you did not labor in, and cities which you did not build, and you will dwell in them; vineyards and olive trees which you did not plant, you will eat. [§]
va'etten lakhem eretz asher lo-yagat ba ve'arim asher lo-venitem va-teshvu bahem keramim ve-zeitim asher lo neta'tem atem okhlim.
'va'etten' means 'I will give', 'lakhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'eretz' means 'land', 'asher' means 'which', 'lo-yagat' means 'you did not labor', 'ba' means 'in it', 've'arim' means 'and cities', 'lo-venitem' means 'you did not build', 'va-teshvu' means 'and you will dwell', 'bahem' means 'in them', 'keramim' means 'vineyards', 've-zeitim' means 'and olive trees', 'lo-neta'tem' means 'you did not plant', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'okhlim' means 'will eat'.
[JOS.24.14] Now fear Yahveh and serve him with uprightness and with truth, and remove the Gods that your ancestors served across the river and in Egypt, and serve Yahveh. [§]
ve'atta yera'u et Yahveh ve'ivdu oto be-tamim u-be'emet vehasiru et elohim asher avdu avoteichem be'ever hanahar u-b'mitzrayim ve'ivdu et Yahveh
've'atta' means 'now', 'yera'u' means 'they fear', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 've'ivdu' means 'and they serve', 'oto' means 'him', 'be-tamim' means 'with uprightness', 'u-be'emet' means 'and with truth', 'vehasiru' means 'and they remove', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'avdu' means 'they served', 'avoteichem' means 'your ancestors', 'be'ever' means 'across', 'hanahar' means 'the river', 'u-b'mitzrayim' means 'and in Egypt', and the final 've'ivdu et Yahveh' repeats 'and they serve Yahveh'.
[JOS.24.15] And if it is bad in your eyes to serve Yahveh, choose today for yourselves whom you will serve: whether the Gods that your fathers served beyond the river, or the Gods of the Amorite whose land you inhabit, but I and my house will serve Yahveh. [§]
ve'im ra be'ineichem la'avod et-Yahveh ba'charu lakhem hayom et-mi ta'avodun im et-Elohim asher-avdu avoteichem asher be'eiver hanahar ve'im et-Elohei haAmori asher atem yoshvim be'artzem ve'anochi u'veiti na'avod et-Yahveh.
've'im' means 'and if', 'ra' means 'evil' or 'bad', 'be'ineichem' means 'in your eyes', 'la'avod' means 'to serve', 'et-Yahveh' is the name YHVH translated as 'Yahveh', 'ba'charu' means 'choose', 'lakhem' means 'for you (plural)', 'hayom' means 'today', 'et-mi' means 'whom', 'ta'avodun' means 'you will serve', 'im' means 'whether', 'et-Elohim' is 'the Gods', 'asher-avdu' means 'that they served', 'avoteichem' means 'your fathers', 'asher' means 'that', 'be'eiver' means 'beyond', 'hanahar' means 'the river', 've'im' means 'or', 'et-Elohei' means 'the Gods of', 'haAmori' means 'the Amorite', 'asher' means 'that', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'yoshvim' means 'inhabit', 'be'artzem' means 'in their land', 've'anochi' means 'and I', 'u'veiti' means 'and my house', 'na'avod' means 'we will serve', 'et-Yahveh' again 'Yahveh'.
[JOS.24.16] The people answered and said, 'It is frightening for us to abandon Yahveh in order to serve other Gods.' [§]
Vayya'an ha'am vayyo'mer chalila lanu me'azov et Yahveh la'avod Elohim acherim.
'Vayya'an' means 'and answered', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'vayyo'mer' means 'and said', 'chalila' means 'fear' or 'dread', 'lanu' means 'to us' or 'for us', 'me'azov' means 'to abandon', 'et Yahveh' means 'the Yahveh', 'la'avod' means 'to serve', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'acherim' means 'other'.
[JOS.24.17] For Yahveh our God He is the one who brings us up and our ancestors from the land of Egypt from the house of slaves and the great signs which He performed before our eyes; He kept us along the whole way we walked in, and among all the peoples we passed among them. [§]
Ki Yahveh Eloheinu hu hama'aleh otanu ve'et avoteinu me'eretz Mitzrayim mibbeit avadim va'asher asah le'eineinu et ha'otot hagedolot ha'eleh vayishmereinu bechol-haderekh asher halachnu ba uvechol ha'amim asher avarnu bikirbam.
'Ki' means 'for', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the tetragrammaton YHVH, 'Eloheinu' means 'our God', 'hu' means 'He', 'hama'aleh' means 'the one who brings up', 'otanu' means 'us', 've'et' means 'and', 'avoteinu' means 'our ancestors', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'mibbeit' means 'from the house of', 'avadim' means 'servants or slaves', 'va'asher' means 'and that which', 'asah' means 'did', 'le'eineinu' means 'before our eyes', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'ha'otot' means 'the signs', 'hagedolot' means 'the great', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'vayishmereinu' means 'He kept us', 'bechol-haderekh' means 'along the whole way', 'asher' means 'that which', 'halachnu' means 'we walked', 'ba' means 'in it', 'uvechol' means 'and in all', 'ha'amim' means 'the peoples', 'asher' means 'that which', 'avarnu' means 'we passed', 'bikirbam' means 'among them'.
[JOS.24.18] And Yahveh drove out all the peoples and the Amorite who dwelt in the land before us, also we will serve Yahveh because he is our God. [§]
Vayageresh Yahveh et kol ha'amim ve'et ha'emori yosev ha'aretz mipaneinu, gam anachnu na'avod et Yahveh ki hu Eloheinu.
'Vayageresh' means 'and drove out', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'amim' means 'the peoples', 've'et' means 'and the', 'ha'emori' means 'the Amorite', 'yosev' means 'dwelling', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'mipaneinu' means 'before us', 'gam' means 'also', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'na'avod' means 'will serve', 'et' again the object marker, 'Yahveh' again the name of God, 'ki' means 'because', 'hu' means 'he', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God' (Elohim with the first‑person plural suffix).
[JOS.24.19] And Joshua said to the people, 'You cannot serve Yahveh, for the Gods are holy, He is a jealous God, He will not bear your sins nor your offenses.' [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua el haam lo tuklu laavod et Yahveh ki Elohim kadoshim hu El kanoi hu lo yissa lephisheichem ulechatooteichem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'lo' means 'not', 'tuklu' means 'you will be able', 'laavod' means 'to serve', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'for', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'kadoshim' means 'holy', 'hu' means 'he', 'El' means 'God', 'kanoi' means 'jealous', 'lo' means 'not', 'yissa' means 'will bear', 'lephisheichem' means 'your sins', 'u' means 'and', 'lechatooteichem' means 'your offenses'.
[JOS.24.20] For if you abandon Yahveh and serve the Gods of the foreigner, He will turn and do evil to you and will finish you after that which He has done good to you. [§]
Ki taazvu et Yahveh vaavdetem haElohim nechar ve-shav veherah lakhem vechilla etchem acharei asher heitiv lakhem.
'Ki' means 'for', 'taazvu' means 'you abandon', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vaavdetem' means 'and you serve', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'nechar' means 'of the foreigner', 've-shav' means 'and He will turn', 'veherah' means 'and do evil', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'vechilla' means 'and will finish', 'etchem' means 'you', 'acharei' means 'after', 'asher' means 'that which', 'heitiv' means 'He has done good', 'lakhem' means 'to you'.
[JOS.24.21] And the people said to Joshua, We will not serve Yahveh. [§]
Vayomer ha'am el-Yehoshua lo ki et-Yahveh na'avod.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'lo' means 'not', 'ki' means 'that' (idiomatically forming a negative statement), 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'na'avod' means 'we will serve'.
[JOS.24.22] And Joshua said to the people, "You are witnesses because you have chosen for yourselves Yahveh to serve him." And they said, "Witnesses." [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua el-ha'am edim atem bakhem ki-atem becharatem lakhem et-Yahveh la'avod oto vayomru edim.
"Vayomer" means "and he said", "Yehoshua" is the name Joshua, "el" means "to", "ha'am" means "the people", "edim" means "witnesses", "atem" means "you (plural)", "bakhem" is a form of "in you" used idiomatically as "you are", "ki" means "because", "becharatem" means "you have chosen", "lakhem" means "for yourselves", "et" is the accusative marker and is not translated, "Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH, "la'avod" means "to serve", "oto" means "him", "vayomru" means "and they said", and the final "edim" again means "witnesses".
[JOS.24.23] Now remove the Gods of the foreigner who are among you, and turn your hearts to Yahveh, the Gods of Israel. [§]
ve'atta hasiru et Elohei hanechar asher bikervechem ve-hatu et levavchem el Yahveh Elohei Yisrael.
've'atta' means 'now', 'hasiru' means 'remove', 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'hanechar' means 'of the foreigner', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'bikervechem' means 'among you' or 'in your midst', 've-hatu' means 'and turn', 'levavchem' means 'your hearts', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' again means 'the Gods', and 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel'.
[JOS.24.24] And the people said to Joshua, 'We will serve Yahveh our the Gods, and we will obey his voice.' [§]
Vayomru ha'am el Yehoshu'a et Yahveh Eloheinu na'avod uvekoloh nishma.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshu'a' is the name Joshua, 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Eloheinu' is 'our the Gods' because 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods', 'na'avod' means 'we will serve', 'uvekoloh' means 'and in his voice', 'nishma' means 'we will obey' or 'we will listen'.
[JOS.24.25] And Joshua made a covenant with the people on that day, and he set for them a statute and a judgment in the early morning. [§]
Vayikrot Yehoshua berit laam bayom hahohu vayasem lo chok u-mishpat bishkem.
'Vayikrot' means 'and he made a covenant', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'berit' means 'covenant', 'laam' means 'to the people', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahohu' means 'that (specific) day', 'vayasem' means 'and he set', 'lo' means 'for it' or 'for them', 'chok' means 'a statute or decree', 'u-mishpat' means 'and judgment', 'bishkem' means 'in the early morning' or 'at dawn'.
[JOS.24.26] And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of the Gods, and he took a great stone and set it up there under the oak that was in the temple of Yahveh. [§]
Vayikhtov Yehoshua et-hadvarim haeleh beSefer Torah Elohim vayikach even gedolah vayekimeha sham tachat ha'alah asher beMikdash Yahveh.
'Vayikhtov' means 'and he wrote', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'beSefer' means 'in the book', 'Torah' means 'instruction' or 'teaching', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'even' means 'stone', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'vayekimeha' means 'and he set it up', 'sham' means 'there', 'tachat' means 'under', 'ha'alah' means 'the oak' (a type of tree), 'asher' means 'that', 'beMikdash' means 'in the temple', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the Divine Name YHVH.
[JOS.24.27] And Joshua said to all the people, 'Behold, this stone shall be for us a witness, because it has heard all the words of Yahveh that He spoke to us, and it will be among you a witness lest you deny in your God.' [§]
Vayomer Yehoshua el‑kol‑ha‑am hinee ha‑even ha‑zot tihye‑banu le’edah ki‑hi sham’ah et kol‑imrei Yahveh asher dibber imanu vehayetah bakhem le’edah pen‑tekachashun be‑eloheikhem.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'el‑kol‑ha‑am' means 'to all the people', 'hinee' means 'Behold', 'ha‑even ha‑zot' means 'this stone', 'tihye‑banu' means 'will be for us', 'le’edah' means 'as a witness', 'ki‑hi' means 'because it', 'sham’ah' means 'heard', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'kol‑imrei Yahveh' means 'all the words of Yahveh', 'asher' means 'that', 'dibber' means 'spoke', 'iman u' means 'with us', 'vehayetah' means 'and it will become', 'bakhem' means 'among you', 'pen‑tekachashun' means 'lest you should deny', 'be‑eloheikhem' means 'in your God'.
[JOS.24.28] And Joshua sent the people, each to his inheritance. [§]
Vayeshalach Yehoshua et haam ish le nachalato.
'Vayeshalach' means 'And sent', 'Yehoshua' is the proper name Joshua, 'et' is a grammatical marker indicating the direct object, 'haam' means 'the people', 'ish' means 'each' (literally 'man' but here idiomatic for 'each'), 'le' is the preposition 'to', and 'nachalato' means 'his inheritance' (the land each person would inherit).
[JOS.24.29] And it came to pass after these things that Joshua son of Nun, servant of Yahveh, died at the age of one hundred and ten years. [§]
Vayehi acharai hadvarim haelleh vayamat Yehoshua bin Nun eved Yahveh ben meah vaeser shanim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'acharai' means 'after', 'hadvarim' means 'the words' or 'the things', 'haelleh' means 'these', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'bin' means 'son of', 'Nun' is the proper name Nun, 'eved' means 'servant', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ben' here introduces an age expression and means 'aged', 'meah' means 'one hundred', 'vaeser' means 'and ten', and 'shanim' means 'years'.
[JOS.24.30] And they buried him at the border of his inheritance, in the plain of Serah which is on the hill of Ephraim north of Mount Gaash. [§]
Vayikbrou oto bigvel nachalato betimnat serach asher behar Ephraim mitzpon lehar Gaash.
'Vayikbrou' means 'and they buried', 'oto' means 'him', 'bigvel' means 'in the border', 'nachalato' means 'of his inheritance', 'betimnat' means 'in the plain', 'serach' is a place name meaning 'Serah', 'asher' means 'which', 'behar' means 'in the hill', 'Ephraim' is a tribal region name, 'mitzpon' means 'north', 'lehar' means 'to the hill', 'Gaash' is a mountain name.
[JOS.24.31] And Israel served Yahveh all the days of Joshua and all the days of the elders who prolonged the days after Joshua and those who knew all the deeds of Yahveh which He did for Israel. [§]
Vayaavod Yisrael et Yahveh kol yemei Yehoshua ve kol yemei hazekenim asher he'erichu yamim acharei Yehoshua ve asher yadau et kol-maaseh Yahveh asher asa leYisrael.
'Vayaavod' means 'and served', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Yahveh' translates the divine name YHVH, 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 've' means 'and', 'hazekenim' means 'the elders', 'asher' means 'who', 'he'erichu' means 'they prolonged', 'yamim' means 'days', 'acharei' means 'after', 'yadau' means 'they knew', 'kol-maaseh' means 'all the works/deeds', 'asah' means 'did/made', 'leYisrael' means 'for Israel'.
[JOS.24.32] And the bones of Joseph which the children of Israel had brought up from Egypt they buried in Shechem, in the portion of the field that Jacob bought from the children of Hamor, the father of Shechem, for a hundred pieces of money; and they became an inheritance to the children of Joseph. [§]
Ve'et-atsmot Yosef asher-he'alu b'nei-Yisrael mi-Mitsrayim kavru bi-shkhem be-chelkat ha-sadeh asher kana Ya'akov me'et b'nei-Hamor avi-Shkhem be-me'ah keshitah vayihyu livnei-Yosef le-nachalah.
'Ve'et' means 'and the'; 'atsmot' means 'bones'; 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph; 'asher' means 'that' or 'which'; 'he'alu' means 'they brought up' or 'they carried'; 'b'nei' means 'children of' or 'sons of'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'mi-Mitsrayim' means 'from Egypt'; 'kavru' means 'they buried'; 'bi-shkhem' means 'in Shechem'; 'be-chelkat' means 'in the portion of'; 'ha-sadeh' means 'the field'; 'asher' again means 'that'; 'kana' means 'bought'; 'Ya'akov' means 'Jacob'; 'me'et' means 'from the (property of)'; 'b'nei-Hamor' means 'the children of Hamor'; 'avi' means 'father of'; 'Shkhem' is the name Shechem; 'be-me'ah' means 'for a hundred'; 'keshitah' means 'pieces of money' (a shekel); 'vayihyu' means 'and they became'; 'livnei-Yosef' means 'to the children of Joseph'; 'le-nachalah' means 'as an inheritance'.
[JOS.24.33] And Eleazar son of Aaron died and they buried him in the hill of Phinehas his son which was given to him on the mountain of Ephraim. [§]
ve'El'azar ben Aharon met vayik'beru oto beGiv'at Pinchas beno asher nittan-lo behar Efrayim.
"ve" means "and", "El'azar" is the name Eleazar ("God has helped"), "ben" means "son of", "Aharon" is the name Aaron, "met" means "died", "vayik'beru" means "and they buried", "oto" means "him", "beGiv'at" means "in the hill of", "Pinchas" is the name Phinehas, "beno" means "his son", "asher" means "which", "nittan-lo" means "was given to him", "behar" means "on the mountain of", "Efrayim" is the name Ephraim.