JAS (Saint James' letter)
JAS.1 • JAS.2 • JAS.3 • JAS.4 • JAS.5
JAS.1
[JAS.1.1] Jacob, servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, greeting the twelve tribes in the diaspora. [§]
Iakobos theou kai kyriou Iesou Christou doulos tais dodeka phylais tais en te diaspora chairein.
'Iakobos' means 'Jacob'; 'theou' is the genitive of 'theos' meaning 'of God', translated as 'God' per the literal rule; 'kai' means 'and'; 'kyriou' is the genitive of 'kyrios' meaning 'of the Lord', translated as 'Lord' per the rule; 'Iesou' is the genitive of 'Iesous' meaning 'of Jesus'; 'Christou' is the genitive of 'Christos' meaning 'of Christ'; 'doulos' means 'servant' or 'slave'; 'tais' is the dative plural article 'the'; 'dodeka' means 'twelve'; 'phylais' means 'tribes' or 'families'; 'en' means 'in'; 'te' is the article 'the' (archaic form); 'diaspora' means 'dispersion' or 'diaspora'; 'chairein' is an infinitive meaning 'to rejoice' or used as a greeting 'greetings'.
[JAS.1.2] Consider all joy, my brothers, whenever you fall into various temptations. [§]
Pasan charan hegeisaste, adelphoi mou, otan peirasmous peripesete poikiloi.
'Pasan' means 'all', 'charan' means 'joy', 'hegeisaste' means 'consider' or 'regard', 'adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'otan' means 'whenever', 'peirasmous' means 'temptations', 'peripesete' means 'you fall into' or 'you are subject to', 'poikiloi' means 'varied' or 'various'.
[JAS.1.3] Knowing that the test of your faith produces perseverance. [§]
ginoskontes hoti to dokimion humon tes pisteos katergazetai hupomonen.
'γινώσκοντες' means 'knowing', 'ὅτι' means 'that', 'τὸ' means 'the', 'δοκίμιον' means 'test', 'ὑμῶν' means 'your', 'τῆς' means 'of the', 'πίστεως' means 'faith', 'κατεργάζεται' means 'produces' or 'works', 'ὑπομονήν' means 'perseverance'.
[JAS.1.4] But let endurance be a perfect work, that you were perfect and whole, with nothing remaining. [§]
He de hypomone ergon teleion echeto, hina ete teleioi kai holokleroi en medeni leipomenoi.
'He' is the feminine article meaning 'the', 'de' means 'but' or 'and', 'hypomone' means 'patience' or 'endurance', 'ergon' means 'work', 'teleion' means 'perfect' or 'complete', 'echeto' is a subjunctive form meaning 'let have' or 'may have', 'hina' introduces purpose ('that'), 'ete' is the plural past indicative meaning 'you were', 'teleioi' means 'perfect' (plural), 'kai' means 'and', 'holokleroi' means 'whole' or 'complete' (plural), 'en' means 'in', 'medeni' means 'nothing', 'leipomenoi' means 'remaining' or 'left'.
[JAS.1.5] If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask from the God who gives to all simply and without rebuke, and it will be given to him. [§]
Ei de tis humon leipetai sophias, aiteito para tou didontos theou pasin haplos kai me oneidizontos, kai dothesetai auto.
'Ei' means 'if', 'de' is a conjunction meaning 'but' or 'however', 'tis' means 'any one' or 'someone', 'humon' means 'of you' (genitive plural), 'leipetai' means 'is lacking', 'sophias' means 'wisdom', 'aiteito' is the imperative 'let him ask', 'para' means 'from', 'tou' is the genitive article 'the', 'didontos' is a present participle meaning 'giving', 'theou' means 'God' (the generic term for deity), 'pasin' means 'to all', 'haplos' means 'simply' or 'plainly', 'kai' means 'and', 'me' means 'not', 'oneidizontos' is a participle meaning 'rebuking' or 'reproaching', 'dothesetai' is the future passive 'will be given', 'auto' means 'to him' or 'to it'. The phrase therefore requests that anyone lacking wisdom should ask of the God who gives to all plainly and without rebuke, and the request will be granted.
[JAS.1.6] Let him ask in faith, being undivided; for the one who is divided is like a sea wave, being blown and tossed. [§]
aiteito de en pistei meden diakrinomenos; ho gar diakrinomenos eoiken kludoni thalasses anemizomenoi kai rhipizomenoi.
"aiteito" means "let him ask", "de" means "but" or "and", "en" means "in", "pistei" means "faith" (dative case), "meden" means "nothing" or "no thing", "diakrinomenos" means "being divided" or "not distinguishing", "ho" means "the", "gar" means "for", "eoiken" means "is like", "kludoni" means "to a wave", "thalasses" means "of the sea", "anemizomenoi" means "being blown", "kai" means "and", "rhipizomenoi" means "being tossed".
[JAS.1.7] For let not that man think that he will receive something from the Lord. [§]
me gar oiestho ho anthropos ekeinos hoti lempsetai ti para tou kyriou
'me' means 'not', 'gar' means 'for', 'oisthe' (here rendered as oiestho) means 'let think', 'ho' means 'the', 'anthropos' means 'man', 'ekeinos' means 'that', 'hoti' means 'that', 'lempsetai' means 'will receive', 'ti' means 'something', 'para' means 'from', 'tou' means 'the', 'kyriou' means 'Lord'.
[JAS.1.8] A double‑souled man, unstable in all his ways. [§]
aner dipsuchos, akatas(t)atos en pasais tais hodois autou.
'aner' means 'man', 'dipsuchos' means 'double‑souled' or 'two‑minded', 'akatas(t)atos' means 'unstable' or 'disorderly', 'en' means 'in', 'pasais' means 'all', 'tais' is the dative article 'the', 'hodois' means 'ways' or 'paths', 'autou' means 'his'.
[JAS.1.9] But let the humble brother boast in his own pride. [§]
Kauchastho de ho adelphos ho tapeinos en to hypsei autou
'Kauchastho' means 'let (him) boast', 'de' means 'but', 'ho' means 'the', 'adelphos' means 'brother', 'ho' means 'the', 'tapeinos' means 'humble', 'en' means 'in', 'to' means 'the', 'hypsei' means 'pride', 'autou' means 'his'.
[JAS.1.10] But the rich man, in his humbled state, because he will pass away like a flower of grass. [§]
ho de plousios en te tapeinosei autou, hoti hos anthos chortou pareleusetai.
'ho' means 'the' (masc sing), 'de' means 'but', 'plousios' means 'rich (person)', 'en' means 'in', 'te' means 'the' (dative), 'tapeinosei' means 'humiliation' or 'humbling', 'autou' means 'his', 'hoti' means 'because', 'hos' means 'as', 'anthos' means 'flower', 'chortou' means 'of grass', 'pareleusetai' means 'will pass away' (future middle).
[JAS.1.11] For the sun rose with the heat and dried the grass, and its flower fell, and the beauty of its face was lost; thus also the rich man in his pursuits will be destroyed. [§]
aneteilen gar ho helios sun to kausoni kai exēranen ton chorton, kai to anthos autou exepesen, kai hē euprepia tou prosopou autou apoleto; houtōs kai ho plousios en tais poreiais autou maranthēsētai.
'aneteilen' means 'rose', 'gar' means 'for', 'ho' means 'the', 'helios' means 'sun', 'sun' means 'with', 'to' means 'the (dative)', 'kausoni' means 'heat', 'kai' means 'and', 'exēranen' means 'dried up', 'ton' means 'the (accusative)', 'chorton' means 'grass', 'kai' means 'and', 'to' means 'the', 'anthos' means 'flower', 'autou' means 'its', 'exepesen' means 'fell', 'kai' means 'and', 'hē' means 'the', 'euprepia' means 'beauty' or 'splendor', 'tou' means 'of the', 'prosopou' means 'face', 'autou' means 'its', 'apoleto' means 'was lost', 'houtōs' means 'thus', 'kai' means 'also', 'ho' means 'the', 'plousios' means 'rich man', 'en' means 'in', 'tais' means 'the (plural dative)', 'poreiais' means 'pursuits', 'autou' means 'his', 'maranthēsētai' means 'will be destroyed'.
[JAS.1.12] Blessed is the man who endures temptation, because having been proven he will receive the crown of life which he promised to those who love him. [§]
Makarios aner hos hupomenei peirasmon, hoti dokimos genomenos lempetai ton stephanon tes zoes hon epengilato tois agaposin auton.
'Makarios' means 'blessed', 'aner' means 'man', 'hos' means 'who', 'hupomenei' means 'endures', 'peirasmon' means 'temptation', 'hoti' means 'because', 'dokimos' means 'tested' or 'approved', 'genomenos' means 'having become', 'lempetai' means 'will receive', 'ton' is the accusative article meaning 'the', 'stephanon' means 'crown', 'tes' means 'of the', 'zoes' means 'life', 'hon' means 'which', 'epengilato' means 'he promised', 'tois' means 'to the', 'agaposin' means 'loving', 'auton' means 'him'.
[JAS.1.13] Let no one who is being tempted say that I am tempted by God; for God is beyond all evil, but He himself tempts no one. [§]
medeis peirazomenos legeto hoti apo theou peirazomai; ho gar theos apeirastos estin kakon, peirazei de autos oudena.
'medeis' means 'no one', 'peirazomenos' means 'being tempted', 'legeto' means 'let say', 'hoti' means 'that', 'apo' means 'by' or 'from', 'theou' means 'God', 'peirazomai' means 'I am tempted', 'ho' means 'the', 'gar' means 'for', 'theos' means 'God', 'apeirastos' means 'beyond' or 'unassailable', 'estin' means 'is', 'kakon' means 'evil', 'peirazei' means 'tempts', 'de' means 'but', 'autos' means 'himself', 'oudena' means 'no one'. The verse warns that no one who is being tempted should claim that the temptation comes from God, because God is beyond all evil and He does not tempt anyone.
[JAS.1.14] But each one is tempted by his own desire, being drawn out and enticed. [§]
hekastos de peirazetai hypo tes idias epithymias exelkomenos kai deleazomenos.
'hekastos' means 'each (one)', 'de' means 'but' or 'however', 'peirazetai' means 'is tempted', 'hypo' means 'by', 'tes' means 'the (genitive)', 'idias' means 'own', 'epithymias' means 'desire', 'exelkomenos' means 'being drawn out' or 'being pulled', 'kai' means 'and', 'deleazomenos' means 'being enticed' or 'being lured'.
[JAS.1.15] Then the desire that has seized gives birth to sin, but the sin, having been brought to completion, results in death. [§]
eita he epithymia syllabousa tiktei hamartian, he de hamartia apotelestheisa apokyei thanaton.
'eita' means 'then', 'he' is the feminine definite article 'the', 'epithymia' means 'desire' or 'lust', 'syllabousa' is a feminine present participle of the verb 'to seize' meaning 'grasping' or 'having seized', 'tiktei' means 'gives birth' or 'produces', 'hamartian' is the accusative form of 'sin', 'de' means 'but', 'hamartia' is the nominative form of 'sin', 'apotelestheisa' is a perfect passive participle meaning 'having been brought to completion' or 'having become', 'apokyei' means 'results' or 'leads to', 'thanaton' is the accusative form of 'death'.
[JAS.1.16] Do not be deceived, my beloved brothers. [§]
Me planasthe, adelphoi mou agapetoi.
'Me' means 'Do not', 'planasthe' means 'be deceived' (imperative middle form), 'adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'agapetoi' means 'beloved' (addressing).
[JAS.1.17] All good gifts and every perfect offering from above are descending from the father of the lights, through whom there is no change or shadow of a turning. [§]
Pasa dosis agathe kai pan doremma teleion anothen estin katabainon apo tou patros ton foton, par ho ouk eni paralage e tropos aposkiasma.
'Pasa' means 'all', 'dosis' means 'gift' or 'giving', 'agathe' means 'good', 'kai' means 'and', 'pan' means 'every' or 'all', 'doremma' means 'gift' or 'offering', 'teleion' means 'perfect' or 'complete', 'anothen' means 'from above', 'estin' means 'is' or 'exists', 'katabainon' means 'descending' or 'coming down', 'apo' means 'from', 'tou patros' means 'of the father', 'ton foton' means 'of the lights', 'par ho' means 'by whom' or 'through which', 'ouk' means 'not', 'eni' means 'is', 'paralage' means 'variation' or 'change', 'e' means 'or', 'tropos' means 'turn' or 'way', 'aposkiasma' means 'shadow' or 'shading'.
[JAS.1.18] Having willed, he declared to us by a word of truth that we are a certain firstfruits of his creations. [§]
bouletheis apekuesen hemas logo aletheias eis to einai hemas aparchen tina ton autou ktismaton.
'bouletheis' means 'having willed', 'apekuesen' means 'he declared' or 'he proclaimed', 'hemas' means 'us', 'logo' means 'by a word', 'aletheias' means 'of truth', 'eis' means 'into' or 'to', 'to' is the neuter article 'the', 'einai' means 'to be' (infinitive), the second 'hemas' again means 'us', 'aparchen' means 'firstfruits', 'tina' means 'some' or 'a certain', 'ton' is the genitive plural article 'of the', 'autou' means 'of him' (referring to the creator), and 'ktismaton' means 'creations'.
[JAS.1.19] Know, my beloved brothers; let every person be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to anger. [§]
Iste adelphoi mou agapetoi; esto de pas anthropos tachys eis to akousai, bradys eis to lalesai, bradys eis to orgen.
'Iste' means 'Know', 'adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'agapetoi' means 'beloved', 'esto' means 'let be', 'de' is a particle meaning 'but' or 'however', 'pas' means 'every', 'anthropos' means 'person' or 'man', 'tachys' means 'swift', 'eis' means 'to' (introducing an infinitive), 'to' is the neuter article, 'akousai' means 'to hear', 'bradys' means 'slow', 'lalesai' means 'to speak', and 'orgen' means 'anger'.
[JAS.1.20] For a man's anger does not accomplish God's justice. [§]
orge gar andros dikaiosynen theou ou katergazetai.
'orge' means 'anger' or 'wrath', 'gar' means 'for' or 'because', 'andros' means 'of a man', 'dikaiosynen' means 'justice' or 'righteousness' in the accusative case, 'theou' means 'of God', 'ou' means 'not', 'katergazetai' means 'does not bring about' or 'does not accomplish' in the present middle/passive third‑person singular.
[JAS.1.21] Therefore, having laid aside all filthiness and the excess of evil, receive in gentleness the inherent word that is able to save your souls. [§]
dio apothemenoi pasan rhyparian kai perisseian kakias en prauteti dexasthe ton emphuton logon ton dunamenon sosai tas psuchas humon.
'dio' means 'therefore', 'apothemenoi' means 'having laid aside', 'pasan' means 'all', 'rhyparian' means 'filthiness', 'kai' means 'and', 'perisseian' means 'excess', 'kakias' means 'of evil', 'en' means 'in', 'prauteti' means 'gentleness', 'dexasthe' means 'receive', 'ton' means 'the', 'emphuton' means 'inherent', 'logon' means 'word', 'ton' again means 'the', 'dunamenon' means 'being able', 'sosai' means 'to save', 'tas' means 'the', 'psuchas' means 'souls', 'humon' means 'your'.
[JAS.1.22] Become, however, makers of the word and not only listeners, being confused about yourselves. [§]
Ginesthe de poietai logou kai me monon akroatai paralogizomenoi heautous.
'Ginesthe' means 'become', 'de' means 'however' or 'but', 'poietai' means 'makers' or 'creators' (literally 'poets'), 'logou' means 'of the word' (genitive of 'logos'), 'kai' means 'and', 'me' means 'not', 'monon' means 'only', 'akroatai' means 'listeners', 'paralogizomenoi' means 'being misguided' or 'confused', 'heautous' means 'themselves' or 'your own selves'.
[JAS.1.23] For if anyone is a listener of the word and not a doer, he is like a man who observes the face of his own origin in a mirror. [§]
hoti ei tis akroates logou estin kai ou poetes, houtos eoiken andri katanoounti to prosopon tes geneseos autou en esoptro.
'hoti' means 'for' or 'because', 'ei' means 'if', 'tis' means 'anyone' or 'someone', 'akroates' means 'listener' or 'hearer', 'logou' means 'of the word', 'estin' means 'is', 'kai' means 'and', 'ou' means 'not', 'poetes' means 'doer' or 'practitioner', 'houtos' means 'this one' or 'he', 'eoiken' means 'is like' or 'resembles', 'andri' means 'to a man' (dative), 'katanoounti' means 'who is understanding' or 'who observes', 'to' means 'the', 'prosopon' means 'face' or 'appearance', 'tes' is the genitive article 'of the', 'geneseos' means 'origin' or 'birth', 'autou' means 'his', 'en' means 'in', 'esoptro' means 'mirror'.
[JAS.1.24] For he thought himself and he departed and immediately forgot what he was. [§]
katenoisen gar heauton kai apeleluthen kai eutheos epelatheto hopois en.
'katenoisen' means 'he thought (of) himself', 'gar' means 'for', 'heauton' means 'himself', 'kai' means 'and', 'apeleluthen' means 'he departed', 'eutheos' means 'immediately', 'epelatheto' means 'he forgot', 'hopois' means 'what kind', 'en' means 'he was'.
[JAS.1.25] He who has turned to a perfect law of freedom and, not being a listener of forgetfulness but becoming a maker of work, will be blessed in his own doing. [§]
ho de parakypsas eis nomon teleion ton tes eleutherias kai paramenas ouk akroates epilesmones genomenos alla poetes ergou, houtos makarios en te poiese autou estai.
'ho' means 'the (masculine singular)', 'de' means 'but/and', 'parakypsas' means 'having turned toward', 'eis' means 'into/to', 'nomon' means 'law', 'teleion' means 'perfect/complete', 'ton' means 'the (masculine accusative)', 'tes' means 'of the (feminine genitive)', 'eleutherias' means 'freedom', 'kai' means 'and', 'paramenas' means 'having remained', 'ouk' means 'not', 'akroates' means 'listener', 'epilesmones' means 'of forgetfulness', 'genomenos' means 'having become', 'alla' means 'but', 'poetes' means 'creator/maker', 'ergou' means 'of work', 'houtos' means 'this one', 'makarios' means 'blessed', 'en' means 'in', 'te' means 'the (feminine dative)', 'poiese' means 'doing/creation', 'autou' means 'his', 'estai' means 'will be'.
[JAS.1.26] If anyone thinks he is pious without disciplining his tongue but deceiving his heart, his religion is vain. [§]
Ei tis dokei threskos einai me khalinagon glossan autou all apaton kardia autou, toutou mataios he threskeia.
'Ei' means 'if', 'tis' means 'anyone', 'dokei' means 'thinks' or 'seems', 'threskos' means 'pious', 'einai' means 'to be', 'me' means 'not', 'khalinagon' (from khalinagōgōn) means 'flogging' or 'disciplining' (literally 'whipping'), 'glossan' means 'tongue', 'autou' means 'his', 'all' is a shortened form of 'alla' meaning 'but', 'apaton' means 'deceiving', 'kardia' means 'heart', 'autou' again 'his', 'toutou' means 'of this', 'mataios' means 'vain', 'he' means 'the', and 'threskeia' means 'religion' or 'worship'.
[JAS.1.27] Pure religion and undefiled before God and Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their suffering, to keep oneself undefiled from the world. [§]
thriskia kathara kai amian tos para to theo kai patri auth estin, episkeptesthai orphanos kai cheras en te thlipsei auton, aspilon heauton terein apo tou kosmou.
'thriskia' means 'religion', 'kathara' means 'pure', 'kai' means 'and', 'amian tos' means 'undefiled', 'para' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'to' is the dative article 'the', 'theo' means 'God' (the divine name translated literally as God), 'patri' means 'Father', 'auth' means 'this', 'estin' means 'is', 'episkeptesthai' means 'to visit' or 'to attend to', 'orphanos' means 'orphans', 'cheras' means 'widows', 'en' means 'in', 'te' is the dative article 'the', 'thlipsei' means 'affliction' or 'suffering', 'auton' means 'their', 'aspilon' means 'undefiled' or 'pure', 'heauton' means 'oneself', 'terein' means 'to keep' or 'to guard', 'apo' means 'from', 'tou' is the genitive article 'the', and 'kosmou' means 'world'. The verse therefore teaches that a pure and undefiled worship before God and Father consists of caring for orphans and widows in their suffering and keeping oneself undefiled from worldly influences.
JAS.2
[JAS.2.1] Brothers, do not hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ of the glory in partiality. [§]
Adelphoi mou, me en prosopolempsiais echete ten pistin tou kyriou hemon Iesou Christou tes doxes.
'Adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'me' means 'do not', 'en' means 'in', 'prosopolempsiais' means 'partiality' or 'favoritism', 'echete' means 'you have/hold', 'ten' means 'the', 'pistin' means 'faith', 'tou' means 'of the', 'kyriou' means 'Lord' (the literal translation of Kyrios), 'hemon' means 'our', 'Iesou' means 'Jesus', 'Christou' means 'Christ', 'tes' means 'of the', 'dokes' means 'glory'.
[JAS.2.2] For if a man wearing a gold‑banded sandal enters your assembly in a shining garment, but also a poor man enters in a ragged garment. [§]
ean gar iselthe eis synagogen humon aner chrysodaktylios en esthēti lamprē, iselthe de kai ptōchos en rhyparei esthēti
'ean' means 'if', 'gar' means 'for', 'iselthe' means 'he/she/it enters', 'eis' means 'into', 'synagogen' means 'assembly' or 'synagogue', 'humon' means 'your' (plural), 'aner' means 'man', 'chrysodaktylios' means 'gold‑banded' (literally 'golden‑finger'), 'en' means 'in', 'esthēti' means 'clothing', 'lamprē' means 'shining' or 'bright', 'de' means 'but' or 'moreover', 'kai' means 'and', 'ptōchos' means 'poor man', 'rhyparei' means 'ragged' or 'tattered'.
[JAS.2.3] But look upon the one who carries the bright meal and you say: you sit here well, and to the poor you say: you stand or sit there under my footstool. [§]
epiblepsete de epi ton phorounta ten estheta ten lampran kai eipete; su kathou hode kalos, kai to ptokho eipete; su stethi e kathou ekei hypo ton hupopodion mou,
'epiblepsete' means 'look' or 'pay attention', 'de' means 'but' or 'and', 'epi' means 'upon', 'ton' is the masculine accusative article 'the', 'phorounta' means 'carrying' (present participle of phero), 'ten' is the feminine accusative article 'the', 'estheta' means 'meal' or 'food', 'lampran' means 'bright' or 'shining', 'kai' means 'and', 'eipete' means 'you say' (imperative plural), 'su' means 'you', 'kathou' means 'sit', 'hode' means 'here', 'kalos' means 'well' or 'properly', 'kai' again 'and', 'to' means 'to the', 'ptokho' means 'poor', 'eipete' again 'you say', 'su' again 'you', 'stethi' means 'stand', 'e' is the conjunction 'or', 'kathou' again 'sit', 'ekei' means 'there', 'hypo' means 'under', 'ton' again 'the', 'hupopodion' means 'footstool' or 'underframe', 'mou' means 'my'.
[JAS.2.4] and you have not judged among yourselves and you have become judges of wicked thoughts. [§]
kai ou diekri-the-te en heautois kai egenesthe kritai dialogismon poneron
'kai' means 'and', 'ou' means 'not', 'diekrithé' means 'you have judged' (from 'diekrinó'), 'en' means 'in', 'heautois' means 'yourself' or 'among yourselves', 'kai' means 'and', 'egenesthe' means 'you have become', 'kritai' means 'judges', 'dialogismon' means 'of thoughts' or 'of discussions', 'poneron' means 'wicked' or 'evil'.
[JAS.2.5] Listen, my beloved brothers; did not God choose the poor of the world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom which He promised to those who love Him? [§]
akousate, adelphoi mou agapetoi; ouch ho theos ekselexato tous ptokhous to kosmo plousious en piste kai klironomous tes basileias hes epangeilato tois agaposin auton?
'akousate' means 'listen', 'adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'agapetoi' means 'beloved', 'ouch' means 'not', 'ho theos' means 'the God', 'ekselexato' means 'chose', 'tous ptokhous' means 'the poor', 'to kosmo' means 'of the world', 'plousious' means 'rich', 'en piste' means 'in faith', 'kai' means 'and', 'klironomous' means 'heirs', 'tes basileias' means 'of the kingdom', 'hes' means 'which', 'epangeilato' means 'promised', 'tois agaposin' means 'to those loving', 'auton' means 'him'.
[JAS.2.6] But you honored the poor. Not the rich oppress you, and they themselves draw you into judgments? [§]
humeis de etimasate ton ptochon. ouch hoi plousioi katadynasteusin humon kai autoi helkousin humas eis kriteria?
"humeis" means "you (plural)", "de" means "but", "etimasate" means "honored" or "treated with respect", "ton ptochon" means "the poor", "ouch" means "not", "hoi plousioi" means "the rich", "katadynasteusin" means "oppress" or "persecute", "humon" is the genitive of "you", "kai" means "and", "autoí" means "themselves", "helkousin" means "draw" or "drag", "humas" is the accusative of "you", "eis" means "into", and "kriteria" means "judgments" or "courts".
[JAS.2.7] Do they not themselves blaspheme the good name that is called upon you? [§]
ouk autoi blasphemosin to kalon onoma to epiklen eph humas
'ouk' means 'not', 'autoi' means 'they themselves', 'blasphemosin' means 'blaspheme', 'to kalon onoma' means 'the good (or beautiful) name', 'to epiklen' means 'the one that is called', 'eph humas' means 'upon you' or 'concerning you'.
[JAS.2.8] If indeed you fulfill the royal law according to the scripture, you shall love your neighbor as yourself, do well. [§]
Ei mentoi nomon teleite basilikon kata ten graphen; agapeseis ton plesion sou hos seauton, kalos poiete;
'Ei' means 'If', 'mentoi' means 'indeed' or 'however', 'nomon' means 'law', 'teleite' means 'you shall fulfill/observe', 'basilikon' means 'royal' or 'kingly', 'kata' means 'according to', 'ten' means 'the' (accusative), 'graphen' means 'scripture' or 'writing', 'agapeseis' means 'you shall love', 'ton' means 'the', 'plesion' means 'neighbor', 'sou' means 'your', 'hos' means 'as', 'seauton' means 'yourself', 'kalos' means 'well', 'poiete' means 'you shall do' or 'do'.
[JAS.2.9] If you show partiality, you are working sin, being condemned by the law as transgressors. [§]
ei de prosopolemptete, hamartian ergazesthe elenchomenoi hypo tou nomou hos parabatai.
'ei' means 'if', 'de' means 'but' or 'however', 'prosopolemptete' means 'you show partiality' (literally 'you are being partial'), 'hamartian' means 'sin' (accusative of 'sin'), 'ergazesthe' means 'you are working' or 'you are doing', 'elenchomenoi' means 'being rebuked' or 'being condemned', 'hypo' means 'by', 'tou' means 'the' (genitive singular masculine), 'nomou' means 'law', 'hos' means 'as', 'parabatai' means 'transgressors' (those who break).
[JAS.2.10] For whoever keeps the whole law but slips in one, has become guilty of all. [§]
hostis gar holon ton nomon theresei, ptasei de en eni, gegonen panton enochos.
'hostis' means 'whoever', 'gar' means 'for', 'holon' means 'the whole', 'ton' is the accusative article 'the', 'nomon' means 'law', 'theresei' means 'will keep', 'ptasei' means 'will slip (sin)', 'de' means 'but', 'en' means 'in', 'eni' means 'one', 'gegonen' means 'has become', 'panton' means 'of all', 'enochos' means 'liable/guilty'.
[JAS.2.11] For the one who said, "Do not commit adultery," he also said, "Do not commit murder." If you do not commit adultery but you do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law. [§]
ho gar eipon: me moicheuseis, eipen kai: me phoneuseis; ei de ou moicheueis, phoneueis de, gegonas parabetes nomou.
"ho" means "the" (masculine article), "gar" means "for" or "because", "eipon" means "one who said", "me" means "not", "moicheuseis" means "you shall commit adultery", "eipen" means "he said", "kai" means "also", "phoneuseis" means "you shall kill", "ei" means "if", "de" means "but", "ou" means "not", "moicheueis" means "you commit adultery", "phoneueis" means "you murder", "gegonas" means "you have become", "parabetes" means "transgressor", "nomou" means "of the law".
[JAS.2.12] Thus you speak and thus you do as by a law of freedom, intending to be judged. [§]
Houtos lalete kai houtos poieite hos dia nomou eleutherias mellontes krinesthai.
'Houtos' means 'thus' or 'in this way'; 'lalete' is the imperative plural of 'to speak', meaning 'you (plural) speak'; 'kai' means 'and'; the second 'houtos' repeats 'thus'; 'poieite' is the imperative plural of 'to do', meaning 'you (plural) do'; 'hos' means 'as' or 'like'; 'dia' means 'through' or 'by'; 'nomou' is the genitive of 'law', so 'of law'; 'eleutherias' is the genitive of 'freedom', so 'of freedom'; 'mellontes' is the present participle masculine plural nominative of 'to intend' or 'to be about to', meaning 'intending' or 'about to'; 'krinesthai' is the infinitive passive of 'to judge', meaning 'to be judged'.
[JAS.2.13] For judgment is merciless toward him who does not practice mercy; mercy boasts of judgment. [§]
he gar krisis aneleos to me poiesanti eleos; katakauchatai eleos kriseos.
"he" means "the" (feminine singular), "gar" means "for" or "because", "krisis" means "judgment" or "decision", "aneleos" means "merciless" or "without mercy", "to" means "to" or "toward", "me" means "the one who does not", "poiesanti" means "having done" or "practicing", "eleos" means "mercy", "katakauchatai" means "boasts" or "takes pride", "eleos" again means "mercy", "kriseos" is the genitive of "krisis" meaning "of judgment". The clause thus contrasts judgment that is merciless toward those who give no mercy, with mercy that takes pride in judgment.
[JAS.2.14] What is the benefit, my brothers, if someone claims to have faith but has no works? Can faith not save him? [§]
Ti to ofelos, adelphoi mou, ean pistin legei tis echein, erga de me echei? me dunatai he pistis sosai auton?
'Ti' means 'what', 'to' is the definite article 'the', 'ofelos' means 'benefit' or 'profit', 'adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'ean' means 'if', 'pistin' means 'faith', 'legei' means 'says' or 'claims', 'tis' means 'someone', 'echein' means 'to have', 'erga' means 'works', 'de' means 'but', 'me' means 'not', 'echei' means 'has', 'dunatai' means 'can', 'he' (hē) means 'the', 'pistis' means 'faith', 'sosai' means 'to save', 'auton' means 'him'.
[JAS.2.15] If a brother or sister is naked and lacks the daily food. [§]
ean adelfos e adelphe gymnoi hyparchosin kai leipomenoi osin tes ephemerou trofes
'ean' means 'if', 'adelfos' means 'brother', 'e' means 'or', 'adelphe' means 'sister', 'gymnoi' means 'naked', 'hyparchosin' means 'exist' or 'are', 'kai' means 'and', 'leipomenoi' means 'lacking', 'osin' means 'are', 'tes' is the genitive article 'of the', 'ephemerou' means 'daily', 'trofes' means 'food'.
[JAS.2.16] If anyone among you says to them, Go in peace, warm yourselves and be full, do not give them the clothing of the body, what is the profit? [§]
eipei de tis autois ex humon; hypagete en eirene, thermainesthe kai chortazesthe, me dote de autois ta epitedeia tou somatos, ti to ofelos?
'eipei' means 'he/she may say', 'de' means 'but/and', 'tis' means 'anyone', 'autois' means 'to them', 'ex' means 'from', 'humon' means 'you (plural)', 'hypagete' means 'go', 'en' means 'in', 'eirene' means 'peace', 'thermainesthe' means 'warm yourselves', 'kai' means 'and', 'chortazesthe' means 'be satisfied/full', 'me' means 'not', 'dote' means 'give', 'de' means 'but', 'autois' again 'to them', 'ta' means 'the', 'epitedeia' means 'necessary things/clothing', 'tou' means 'of the', 'somatos' means 'body', 'ti' means 'what', 'to' means 'the', 'ofelos' means 'profit/benefit'.
[JAS.2.17] Thus also faith, if it has no works, is dead in itself. [§]
houtos kai he pistis, ean me echei erga, nekra estin kath' heauten.
'houtos' means 'thus' or 'in this way', 'kai' means 'also', 'he' is the definite article 'the', 'pistis' means 'faith', 'ean' means 'if', 'me' means 'not', 'echei' means 'has', 'erga' means 'works', 'nekra' means 'dead', 'estin' means 'is', 'kath'' is a shortened form of 'kata' meaning 'according to', and 'heauten' means 'itself'.
[JAS.2.18] But someone will say: You have faith, and I have works. Show me your faith apart from the works, and I will show you my faith from my works. [§]
All' erei tis: su pistin echeis, kai ego erga echeo. deixon moi ten pistin sou choris ton ergon, kai ego soi deikso ek ton ergon mou ten pistin.
'All'' means 'But', 'erei' means 'will say', 'tis' means 'someone', 'su' means 'you', 'pistin' means 'faith', 'echeis' means 'have', 'kai' means 'and', 'ego' means 'I', 'erga' means 'works', 'echeo' means 'have', 'deixon' means 'show', 'moi' means 'to me', 'ten' means 'the (feminine)', 'pistin' means 'faith', 'sou' means 'your', 'choris' means 'apart from/without', 'ton' means 'the (masculine plural)', 'ergon' means 'works', 'soi' means 'to you', 'deikso' means 'will show', 'ek' means 'from', 'mou' means 'my'.
[JAS.2.19] You believe that one is the God, you do well; and the demons believe and shudder. [§]
su pisteueis hoti heis estin ho theos, kalos poieis; kai ta daimonia pisteuousin kai phrissousin.
'su' means 'you', 'pisteueis' means 'believe' (second person singular present), 'hoti' means 'that', 'heis' means 'one', 'estin' means 'is', 'ho' means 'the' (definite article), 'theos' means 'God', 'kalos' means 'well' or 'good', 'poieis' means 'you do' or 'you make', 'kai' means 'and', 'ta' means 'the' (neuter plural), 'daimonia' means 'demons', 'pisteuousin' means 'they believe', 'phrissousin' means 'they shudder' or 'they are terrified'.
[JAS.2.20] But do you want to know, O empty man, that faith without works is dead? [§]
Theleis de gnounai, o anthrope kene, hoti he pistis choris ton ergon argi estin?
'Theleis' means 'you want', 'de' means 'but', 'gnounai' means 'to know', 'o' is a vocative particle meaning 'O', 'anthrope' means 'man', 'kene' means 'empty' or 'vain', 'hoti' means 'that', 'he' (the) means 'the', 'pistis' means 'faith', 'choris' means 'without', 'ton' (genitive article) means 'of the', 'ergon' means 'works', 'argi' means 'inactive' or 'dead', 'estin' means 'is'.
[JAS.2.21] Abraham our father was not justified by works, having offered Isaac his son upon the altar. [§]
Abraam ho pater hemon ouk ex ergon edikaio the anenegkas Isaak ton huion autou epi to thusiasterion;
'Abraam' means 'Abraham', 'ho' means 'the', 'pater' means 'father', 'hemon' means 'our', 'ouk' means 'not', 'ex' means 'by' or 'from', 'ergon' means 'works', 'edikaio the' means 'was justified', 'anenegkas' means 'having offered', 'Isaak' means 'Isaac', 'ton' means 'the', 'huion' means 'son', 'autou' means 'his', 'epi' means 'on' or 'upon', 'to' means 'the', 'thusiasterion' means 'altar'.
[JAS.2.22] You see that the faith works together with his works and from the works the faith was completed. [§]
blepeis oti he pistis synergi tois ergois autou kai ek ton ergon he pistis eteleiothe
'blepeis' means 'you see', 'oti' means 'that', 'he' means 'the' (feminine nominative singular), 'pistis' means 'faith', 'synergi' means 'works together', 'tois' means 'the' (dative plural), 'ergois' means 'works', 'autou' means 'his', 'kai' means 'and', 'ek' means 'from' or 'out of', 'ton' means 'the' (genitive plural article), 'ergon' means 'works' (genitive plural), 'he' again means 'the', 'pistis' means 'faith', 'eteleio' means 'was completed' or 'became complete', 'the' is the third person singular masculine perfect passive participle ending, 'e' is a final vowel marker.
[JAS.2.23] And it was fulfilled the writing that says: Abraham believed God, and he was counted to him as righteousness and a friend of God was called. [§]
kai eplerothe he graphe he legousa; episteusen de Abraam to theou, kai elogisthe auto eis dikaiosynen kai philos theou eklethe.
'kai' means 'and', 'eplerothe' means 'was fulfilled', 'he' (article) means 'the', 'graphe' means 'writing', 'legousa' means 'saying', 'episteusen' means 'believed', 'de' means 'however' or 'but', 'Abraam' is the name 'Abraham', 'to' is the dative article 'to', 'theou' means 'God' in the dative case, 'elogisthe' means 'was counted', 'auto' means 'to him', 'eis' means 'into' or 'as', 'dikaiosynen' means 'righteousness', 'philos' means 'friend', 'theou' again means 'of God', and 'eklethe' means 'was called'. The name of God 'theos' is rendered literally as 'God' according to the given translation guidelines.
[JAS.2.24] See that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone. [§]
horate hoti ex ergon dikaioetai anthropos kai ouk ek pisteos monon.
'horate' means 'see' (imperative plural), 'hoti' means 'that', 'ex' means 'from', 'ergon' (genitive plural) means 'works', 'dikaioetai' means 'is justified', 'anthropos' means 'person' or 'man', 'kai' means 'and', 'ouk' means 'not', 'ek' means 'from', 'pisteos' (genitive) means 'faith', 'monon' means 'only'.
[JAS.2.25] In the same way also Rahab the prostitute was not justified by works, having received the angels and having gone out by another way. [§]
homoios de kai Raab he porne ouk ex ergon edikaithē hypodeksamenē tous angelous kai hetera hodo ekbalousa;
'homoios' means 'in the same way', 'de' means 'but' or 'also', 'kai' means 'and' or 'also', 'Raab' is the name Rahab, 'he' means 'the' (feminine), 'porne' means 'prostitute', 'ouk' means 'not', 'ex' means 'from', 'ergon' means 'works', 'edikaithē' means 'was justified', 'hypodeksamenē' means 'having received', 'tous' means 'the' (plural), 'angelous' means 'angels', 'kai' means 'and', 'hetera' means 'another', 'hodo' means 'way', 'ekbalousa' means 'having gone out' or 'having cast out'.
[JAS.2.26] Just as the body without spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead. [§]
hosper gar to soma choris pneumatos nekron estin, houtos kai he pistis choris ergon nekra estin.
'hosper' means 'just as', 'gar' means 'for', 'to' means 'the' (neuter article), 'soma' means 'body', 'choris' means 'without', 'pneumatos' means 'spirit', 'nekron' means 'dead' (neuter singular), 'estin' means 'is', 'houtos' means 'so also' or 'in this way', 'kai' means 'and', 'he' means 'the' (feminine article), 'pistis' means 'faith', 'ergon' means 'works', 'nekra' means 'dead' (neuter plural), second 'estin' means 'is'.
JAS.3
[JAS.3.1] Do not become many teachers, my brothers, knowing that we will receive a greater judgment. [§]
Me polloi didaskaloi ginesthe, adelphoi mou, eidotes hoti meizon krima lempsometha.
'Me' means 'not' (imperative negative particle), 'polloi' means 'many', 'didaskaloi' means 'teachers', 'ginesthe' means 'you become', 'adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'eidotes' means 'knowing' (a participle), 'hoti' means 'that', 'meizon' means 'greater', 'krima' means 'judgment' or 'condemnation', 'lempsometha' means 'we will receive' (future middle form of receive).
[JAS.3.2] For we all stumble much. If anyone does not stumble in speech, that one is a perfect man capable of shacking the whole body. [§]
polla gar ptaiomen hapantes. ei tis en logo ou ptaiei, houtos teleios aner dynatos chalinagogesai kai holon to soma.
'polla' means 'many' or 'much', 'gar' means 'for', 'ptaiomen' means 'we stumble' or 'we sin', 'hapantes' means 'all of us'. 'ei' means 'if', 'tis' means 'anyone', 'en' means 'in', 'logo' means 'speech' or 'word', 'ou' means 'not', 'ptaiei' means 'stumbles' or 'sins'. 'houtos' means 'this one' or 'that', 'teleios' means 'perfect' or 'complete', 'aner' means 'man', 'dynatos' means 'capable' or 'powerful', 'chalinagogesai' means 'to shackle' or 'to bind', 'kai' means 'and', 'holon' means 'the whole', 'to' means 'the', 'soma' means 'body'.
[JAS.3.3] But if we cast the bridle of the horses into their mouths to make them obey us, and we transfer their whole body. [§]
ei de ton hippon tous chalinous eis ta stomata ballomen eis to peithesthai autous hemin, kai holon to soma auton metagomen.
'ei' means 'if', 'de' means 'but', 'ton' is the genitive plural article 'of the', 'hippon' means 'horses', 'tous' is the accusative plural article 'the', 'chalinous' means 'bridles' or 'reins', 'eis' means 'into', 'ta' means 'the' (neuter plural), 'stomata' means 'mouths', 'ballomen' means 'we cast' or 'we throw', 'eis' again 'for the purpose of', 'to' is the neuter article used with infinitive 'to', 'peithesthai' means 'to be persuaded' or 'to obey', 'autous' means 'them', 'hemin' means 'to us' or 'for us', 'kai' means 'and', 'holon' means 'the whole', 'to' again neuter article, 'soma' means 'body', 'auton' means 'their', 'metagomen' means 'we transfer' or 'we carry over'.
[JAS.3.4] Behold the great ships, being driven by harsh winds, are carried across by the smallest foot where the impulse of the straightener intends. [§]
Idou kai ta ploia telikauta onta kai hypo anemon skliron elauomena metagetai hypo elachistou pedaliou hopou he horme tou euthynontos bouletai.
'Idou' means 'behold', 'kai' means 'and', 'ta' means 'the' (neuter plural), 'ploia' means 'ships', 'telikauta' means 'so great' or 'such great', 'onta' means 'being' (present participle of to be), 'kai' again means 'and', 'hypo' means 'by' or 'under', 'anemon' means 'of winds', 'skliron' means 'hard' or 'harsh', 'elauomena' means 'being driven' or 'being pulled', 'metagetai' means 'is transferred' or 'is carried across', 'hypo' again means 'by', 'elachistou' means 'the smallest', 'pedaliou' means 'foot' or 'pedal', 'hopou' means 'where', 'he' means 'the', 'horme' means 'impulse' or 'momentum', 'tou' means 'of the', 'euthynontos' means 'straightening' or 'one who straightens', 'bouletai' means 'wants' or 'intends'.
[JAS.3.5] Thus also the tongue is a small member and it grows large. Behold, a little fire lights a little wood. [§]
houtos kai he glossa mikron melos estin kai megala auchei. idou elikon pur eliken hulen anaptaei.
'houtos' means 'thus' or 'so', 'kai' means 'and', 'he' is the definite article 'the', 'glossa' means 'tongue', 'mikron' means 'small', 'melos' means 'member' or 'part', 'estin' means 'is', 'megala' means 'big' (plural), 'auchei' means 'grows' or 'enlarges', 'idou' means 'behold', 'elikon' means 'a little', 'pur' means 'fire', 'eliken' means 'a little', 'hulen' means 'wood', 'anaptaei' means 'lights' or 'kindles'.
[JAS.3.6] and the tongue is fire. the world of injustice the tongue is established in the members of us the devouring one that consumes the whole body and kindles the wheel of generation and being kindled by hell. [§]
kai he glossa pur. ho kosmos tes adikias he glossa kathistatai en tois melesin hemon he spilousa holon to soma kai phlogizousa ton trochon tes geneseos kai phlogizomeni hypo tes geennes.
'kai' means 'and', 'he' (ἡ) means the feminine article 'the', 'glossa' means 'tongue', 'pur' means 'fire'. 'ho' (ὁ) means the masculine article 'the', 'kosmos' means 'world', 'tes' (τῆς) means 'of the', 'adikias' means 'injustice', again 'he glossa' = 'the tongue', 'kathistatai' means 'stands' or 'is established', 'en' means 'in', 'tois' means 'the', 'melesin' means 'members' (parts), 'hemon' means 'our', 'he' again 'the', 'spilousa' means 'devouring' or 'spreading', 'holon' means 'whole', 'to' means 'the', 'soma' means 'body', 'kai' means 'and', 'phlogizousa' means 'kindling' or 'flaming', 'ton' means 'the', 'trochon' means 'wheel', 'tes' means 'of the', 'geneseos' means 'generation' or 'birth', 'phlogizomeni' means 'being kindled', 'hypo' means 'by', 'tes' means 'the', 'geennes' means 'hell' or 'Gehenna'.
[JAS.3.7] For all nature of beasts and birds, and of reptiles and insects is tamed and has been tamed by human nature. [§]
pasa gar physis therion te kai peteinon, herpeton te kai enalion damazetai kai dedamasthai te phusei te anthropine.
'pasa' means 'all', 'gar' means 'for', 'physis' means 'nature', 'therion' means 'of beasts', 'te' means 'and', 'kai' means 'also/and', 'peteinon' means 'of birds', 'herpeton' means 'of reptiles', 'enalion' means 'of insects', 'damazetai' means 'is tamed', 'dedamasthai' means 'has been tamed', 'te' (the second) means 'by', 'phusei' means 'the nature', 'te' (the third) means 'of', 'anthropine' means 'human'.
[JAS.3.8] But no one can tame the tongue of men, a disorderly evil, full of deadly poison. [§]
ten de glosan oudeis damasai dunatai anthrōpon, akatasaton kakon, meste iou thanatophorou.
'ten' means 'the' (accusative feminine singular), 'de' means 'but' or 'and', 'glosan' means 'tongue' (accusative), 'oudeis' means 'no one', 'damasai' means 'to tame', 'dunatai' means 'can', 'anthrōpon' means 'of men' (genitive plural), 'akatasaton' means 'disorderly' or 'unsettled', 'kakon' means 'evil', 'meste' means 'filled' or 'full of', 'iou' means 'of poison' (genitive), 'thanatophorou' means 'deadly' or 'death-bearing'.
[JAS.3.9] In it we bless the Lord and Father, and in it we slaughter the men made in the likeness of God. [§]
en autei eulogoumen ton kyrion kai patera kai en autei katalometha tous anthrhopous tous kath' homoiosin theou gegonontas
'en' means 'in', 'autei' means 'it', 'eulogoumen' means 'we bless', 'ton kyrion' means 'the Lord' (Kyrios translated as Lord), 'kai' means 'and', 'patera' means 'father', 'en' again means 'in', 'katalometha' means 'we slaughter', 'tous anthrhopous' means 'the men', 'tous' is the definite article 'the', 'kath'' is a contraction of 'kata' meaning 'according to', 'homoiosin' means 'likeness', 'theou' means 'of God' (theos translated as God), 'gegonontas' means 'having become' or 'made'.
[JAS.3.10] From his own mouth comes blessing and curse. It is not proper, my brothers, for these things to happen thus. [§]
ek tou autou stomatos exerchetai eulogia kai katara. ou chre, adelphoi mou, tauta houtos ginesthai.
'ek' means 'from', 'tou' is the genitive article 'the', 'autou' means 'his' (of him), 'stomatos' means 'mouth', 'exerchetai' means 'goes out/comes forth', 'eulogia' means 'blessing', 'kai' means 'and', 'katara' means 'curse', 'ou' means 'not', 'chre' means 'it is proper/necessary', 'adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'tauta' means 'these things', 'houtos' means 'in this way', 'ginesthai' means 'to happen'.
[JAS.3.11] Does not the spring from the same opening flow the sweet and the bitter? [§]
meti he pege ek tes autes opes bryei to glyky kai to pikron?
'meti' means 'does not', 'he' means 'the' (feminine nominative singular), 'pege' means 'spring' or 'fountain', 'ek' means 'from', 'tes' means 'the' (feminine genitive singular), 'autes' means 'same', 'opes' means 'opening' or 'mouth', 'bryei' means 'flows' or 'issues', 'to' means 'the' (neuter accusative singular), 'glyky' means 'sweet', 'kai' means 'and', 'to' means 'the', 'pikron' means 'bitter'. The whole phrase is a rhetorical question asking whether the same source can produce both sweet and bitter.
[JAS.3.12] My brothers, cannot one make a fig out of an olive, or a vine a fig? Nor can one make sweet salt water. [§]
Me dunatai, adelphoi mou, syke elaias poiese i ampelos syka? oute halykon glyky poiese hydor.
'Me' means 'not', 'dunatai' means 'is able' or 'can', 'adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'syke' means 'fig', 'elaias' means 'olive (tree) [genitive]', 'poiese' means 'to make', 'i' means 'or', 'ampelos' means 'vine', 'syka' means 'fig (object)', 'oute' means 'nor', 'halykon' means 'salt', 'glyky' means 'sweet', 'hydor' means 'water'. The sentence is a rhetorical question about impossible transformations.
[JAS.3.13] Who among you is wise and learned? Let him demonstrate, from good conduct, his works in the gentle wisdom. [§]
Tis sophos kai epistemon en humin; deiksato ek tes kales anastrophe tas erga autou en prauteiti sophias.
'Tis' means 'who', 'sophos' means 'wise', 'kai' means 'and', 'epistemon' means 'learned' or 'knowledgeable', 'en' means 'among' or 'in', 'humin' means 'you (plural)', 'deiksato' means 'let him/her show' (imperative), 'ek' means 'from', 'tes' is the genitive article 'the', 'kales' means 'good', 'anastrophe' means 'turning' or 'change' (here understood as 'conduct' or 'behavior'), 'tas' means 'the (plural)', 'erga' means 'works' or 'deeds', 'autou' means 'of him', 'en' means 'in', 'prauteiti' means 'gentleness' or 'meekness', 'sophias' means 'wisdom'.
[JAS.3.14] If you have bitter jealousy and discord in your hearts, do not boast nor lie against the truth. [§]
ei de zeelon pikron echete kai eritheian en te kardia humon, me katakaushan kai pseudesthe kata tes alethias.
'ei' means 'if', 'de' adds contrast like 'but', 'zeelon' (from zeelos) means 'jealousy' or 'zeal', 'pikron' means 'bitter', 'echete' means 'you have', 'kai' means 'and', 'eritheian' means 'discord' or 'strife', 'en' means 'in', 'te' is the article 'the', 'kardia' means 'heart', 'humon' means 'your', 'me' means 'not', 'katakaushan' (from katakauchesthai) means 'to boast proudly', 'kai' again 'and', 'pseudesthe' means 'you lie', 'kata' means 'against', 'tes' is the article, 'alethias' means 'truth'.
[JAS.3.15] There is no wisdom like this that comes from above, but rather it is earthly, soul-related, demonic. [§]
ouk estin haute he sophia anothen katerkhomene all' epigeios, psychike, daimoniodes.
'ouk' means 'not', 'estin' means 'is', 'haute' means 'this', 'he' means 'the' (feminine article), 'sophia' means 'wisdom', 'anothen' means 'from above', 'katerkhomene' means 'coming down, descending', 'all'' is a contraction of 'alla' meaning 'but', 'epigeios' means 'earthly', 'psychike' means 'pertaining to the soul or mind', 'daimoniodes' means 'demon-like' or 'of a demonic nature'.
[JAS.3.16] Where there is zeal and fury, there is disorder and every wicked thing. [§]
hopou gar zelo kai eritheia, ekei akatastasia kai pan phalon pragma.
'hopou' means 'where', 'gar' means 'for', 'zelo' means 'zeal', 'kai' means 'and', 'eritheia' means 'fury' or 'wrath', 'ekei' means 'there', 'akatastasia' means 'disorder' or 'turmoil', 'pan' means 'all' or 'every', 'phalon' means 'worthless' or 'wicked', 'pragma' means 'thing' or 'deed'.
[JAS.3.17] But wisdom from above is first pure; then it is peaceful, gentle, obedient, full of mercy and good fruits, undifferentiated, unfeigned. [§]
he de anothen sophia proton men hagne estin, epeita eirenike, epieikes, eupeithes, mesta eleous kai karpon agathon, adiakritos, anupokritos.
'he' means 'the' (feminine article), 'de' means 'but' or 'and', 'anothen' means 'from above' or 'above', 'sophia' means 'wisdom', 'proton' means 'first', 'men' is a particle indicating contrast (often rendered 'indeed' or 'first of all'), 'hagne' means 'pure', 'estin' means 'is', 'epeita' means 'then' or 'next', 'eirenike' means 'peaceful', 'epieikes' means 'gentle' or 'moderate', 'eupeithes' means 'obedient', 'mesta' means 'full', 'eleous' means 'of mercy', 'kai' means 'and', 'karpon' means 'fruits', 'agathon' means 'good', 'adiakritos' means 'undifferentiated' or 'indistinct', 'anupokritos' means 'unfeigned' or 'sincere'.
[JAS.3.18] But the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace to those who make peace. [§]
karpos de dikaiosynes en eirene speiretai tois poiousin eirenen.
'karpos' means 'fruit', 'de' means 'but' or 'however', 'dikaiosynes' means 'of righteousness', 'en' means 'in', 'eirene' means 'peace' (dative), 'speiretai' means 'is sown', 'tois' means 'to the', 'poiousin' means 'those doing' or 'doers', 'eirenen' means 'peace' (accusative).
JAS.4
[JAS.4.1] From where are wars and from where are battles among you? Not from here, but from the pleasures of your marching in your limbs. [§]
Pothen polemai kai pothen machai en humin? Ouk enteuthen, ek ton hedonon humon ton strateuomenon en tois melesin humon;
'Pothen' means 'from where', 'polemai' means 'wars', 'kai' means 'and', 'machai' means 'battles', 'en' means 'in', 'humin' means 'you (plural dative)', 'Ouk' means 'not', 'enteuthen' means 'from here', 'ek' means 'from', 'ton' is the genitive plural article 'of the', 'hedonon' means 'pleasures', 'humon' means 'your', second 'ton' again 'of the', 'strateuomenon' means 'those who are marching', 'en' again 'in', 'tois' means 'the (dative plural)', 'melesin' means 'limbs' or 'members', 'humon' again 'your'.
[JAS.4.2] You desire and you do not have, you murder and you are jealous and you cannot succeed, you fight and you wage war, you do not have because you do not ask yourselves. [§]
epithymeite kai ouk echete, phoneuete kai zeloute kai ou dunaste epitychein, machesthe kai polemeite, ouk echete dia to me aiteitai humas.
'epithymeite' means 'you desire', 'kai' means 'and', 'ouk' means 'not', 'echete' means 'you have', 'phoneuete' means 'you murder/kill', 'zeloute' means 'you envy/are jealous', 'ou' means 'not', 'dunaste' means 'you are able/can', 'epitychein' means 'to succeed/obtain', 'machesthe' means 'you fight', 'polemeite' means 'you wage war', 'dia to' means 'because of', 'me' means 'not', 'aiteitai' means 'to ask/request', 'humas' means 'yourself/you'.
[JAS.4.3] Ask and you do not receive, because you ask wickedly, so that in your pleasures you will spend. [§]
aiteite kai ou lambanete, dioti kakos aiteithe, hina en tais hedoinais humon dapanesete.
'aiteite' means 'you ask', 'kai' means 'and', 'ou' means 'not', 'lambanete' means 'you receive', 'dioti' means 'because', 'kakos' means 'badly' or 'wickedly', 'aiteithe' means 'you ask' (reflexive), 'hina' means 'so that', 'en' means 'in', 'tais' means 'the' (dative plural), 'hedoinais' means 'pleasures' or 'delights', 'humon' means 'your', 'dapanesete' means 'you will spend' or 'you will waste'.
[JAS.4.4] Adulterers, do you not know that the friendship of the world is the enmity of God? Whoever therefore wishes to be a friend of the world becomes an enemy of God. [§]
moichalides, ouk oidate hoti he philia tou kosmou echthra tou theou estin? hos ean oun boulethe philos einai tou kosmou, echthros tou theou kathistatai.
'moichalides' means 'adulterers', 'ouk' means 'not', 'oidate' means 'you know', 'hoti' means 'that', 'he' is the definite article 'the', 'philia' means 'friendship', 'tou' is the genitive article 'of the', 'kosmou' means 'world', 'echthra' means 'enmity' or 'hostility', 'theou' means 'God', 'estin' means 'is', 'hos' means 'whoever', 'ean' means 'if', 'oun' means 'therefore', 'boulethe' means 'may desire', 'philos' means 'friend', 'einai' means 'to be', 'echthros' means 'enemy', 'kathistatai' means 'becomes' or 'is made'.
[JAS.4.5] Or do you think that the scripture says in vain: the spirit which has dwelt in us longs for envy. [§]
e dokeite hoti kenos he graphe legei: pros phthonon epipothei to pneuma ho katoikisen en hemin,
'e' means 'or', 'dokeite' means 'you think', 'hoti' means 'that', 'kenos' means 'in vain or empty', 'he' means 'the', 'graphe' means 'writing or scripture', 'legei' means 'says', 'pros' means 'toward or for', 'phthonon' means 'envy or jealousy', 'epipothei' means 'longs for or craves', 'to' means 'the', 'pneuma' means 'spirit', 'ho' means 'which', 'katoikisen' means 'has settled or dwelt', 'en' means 'in', 'hemin' means 'us'.
[JAS.4.6] God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble. [§]
meizona de didosin charin? dio legei: ho theos hyperphanois antitasetai, tapeinois de didosin charin.
'meizona' means 'greater', 'de' means 'but' or 'and', 'didosin' means 'gives', 'charin' means 'grace', 'dio' means 'therefore', 'legei' means 'he says', 'ho' means 'the', 'theos' means 'God' (literal translation of the divine name), 'hyperphanois' means 'to the proud', 'antitasetai' means 'opposes' or 'stands against', 'tapeinois' means 'to the humble', 'de' again means 'but', 'didosin' again 'gives', 'charin' again 'grace'.
[JAS.4.7] Obey therefore God, but oppose the Devil, and he will flee from you. [§]
hypotagete oun to theo, antistete de to diabolo, kai pheuxetai aph' humon;
'hypotagete' means 'obey' (imperative plural), 'oun' means 'therefore', 'to theo' means 'to God' (theos = God, dative case), 'antistete' means 'oppose' or 'stand against' (imperative plural), 'de' means 'but' or 'however', 'to diabolo' means 'to the Devil' (diabolos = devil), 'kai' means 'and', 'pheuxetai' means 'he will flee' (future middle), 'aph' humon' means 'from you' (aph' = from, humon = you plural). The divine name 'theo' is rendered as the literal English word 'God' following the guideline to translate divine names literally. The term for the adversary is rendered as 'Devil' because it is not a name of God.
[JAS.4.8] Approach God and it will be near you. Cleanse your hands, sinners, and purify your hearts, you double‑minded. [§]
engisate to theō kai engiei hymin. katharisate cheiras, hamartoloi, kai hagnisate kardias, dipsuchoi.
'engisate' means 'approach' (imperative plural), 'to' is the dative article 'the', 'theō' means 'God', 'kai' means 'and', 'engiei' means 'it will be near' or 'it comes near', 'hymin' means 'to you' (dative plural), 'katharisate' means 'cleanse' (imperative plural), 'cheiras' means 'hands' (accusative plural), 'hamartoloi' means 'sinners' (vocative plural), 'kai' again means 'and', 'hagnisate' means 'purify' (imperative plural), 'kardias' means 'hearts' (accusative plural), 'dipsuchoi' means 'double‑minded' or 'two‑souled' (vocative plural, addressing those who are hypocritical).
[JAS.4.9] You have suffered and mourned and wept. Let your laughter be turned into mourning, and let joy become a sinking. [§]
talaiporesate kai penthesate kai klauosate. ho gelos humon eis penthos metatropeto kai he chara eis katephian.
'talaiporesate' means 'you have suffered', 'kai' means 'and', 'penthesate' means 'you have mourned', 'klauosate' means 'you have wept', 'ho' means 'the', 'gelos' means 'laughter', 'humon' means 'your', 'eis' means 'into', 'penthos' means 'mourning', 'metatropeto' means 'be turned', 'he' means 'the', 'chara' means 'joy', 'katephian' means 'a sinking' or 'decline'.
[JAS.4.10] Be humbled before the Lord, and the Lord will raise you up. [§]
tapeinothete enopion tou kuriou kai hypsosei humas.
'tapeinothete' means 'be humbled' (imperative plural), 'enopion' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'tou kuriou' means 'of the Lord' (Kyrios = Lord), 'kai' means 'and', 'hypsosei' means 'he will raise' (future active indicative), 'humas' means 'you' (plural).
[JAS.4.11] Do not speak evil of one another, brethren. He who speaks evil of a brother or judges his brother speaks against the law and judges the law; if, however, you judge the law, you are not a maker of the law but a judge. [§]
Me katalaleite allelon, adelphoi. ho katalalon adelphou e krinon ton adelphon autou katalalei nomou kai krinei nomon; ei de nomon krineis, ouk ei poietes nomou alla krites.
'Me' means 'do not', 'katalaleite' means 'speak evil against', 'allelon' means 'one another', 'adelphoi' means 'brothers' or 'brethren'. 'ho' means 'the one who', 'katalalon' means 'speaking evil of', 'adelphou' means 'brother', 'e' means 'or', 'krinon' means 'judging', 'ton' is the article 'the', 'adelphon' means 'brother', 'autou' means 'his', 'katalalei' means 'speaks against', 'nomou' means 'law' (genitive), 'kai' means 'and', 'krinei' means 'judges', 'nomon' means 'law' (accusative). 'ei' means 'if', 'de' means 'however', 'nomon' again 'law', 'krineis' means 'you judge', 'ouk' means 'not', 'ei' means 'you are', 'poietes' means 'maker', 'nomou' means 'of the law', 'alla' means 'but', 'krites' means 'judge'.
[JAS.4.12] One is the lawgiver and the judge who can save and destroy; but who are you, the one who judges the neighbor? [§]
heis estin ho nomothesetes kai krites ho dunamenos sosai kai apolesai; sy de tis ei ho krinon ton plesion?
'heis' means 'one', 'estin' means 'is', 'ho' is the definite article 'the', 'nomothesetes' means 'lawgiver', 'kai' means 'and', 'krites' means 'judge', 'ho' again 'the', 'dunamenos' means 'able' or 'who is able', 'sosai' means 'to save', 'kai' again 'and', 'apolesai' means 'to destroy', 'sy' means 'you', 'de' means 'but', 'tis' means 'who', 'ei' means 'are', 'ho' means 'the', 'krinon' means 'one who judges', 'ton' is the accusative article 'the', and 'plesion' means 'neighbor' or 'fellow'.
[JAS.4.13] Come now, those who say: today or tomorrow we will set out for this city and we will make there a year and we will trade and we will profit. [§]
Age nyn hoi legontes: semeron e aurion poreusometha eis tende ten polin kai poiesomen ekei eniauton kai emporeusometha kai kerdason.
'Age' means 'Come', 'nyn' means 'now', 'hoi' means 'the ones', 'legontes' means 'saying' or 'who say', 'semeron' means 'today', 'e' means 'or', 'aurion' means 'tomorrow', 'poreusometha' means 'we will go' or 'we will set out', 'eis' means 'into' or 'to', 'tende' means 'this', 'ten' means 'the', 'polin' means 'city', 'kai' means 'and', 'poiesomen' means 'we will do' or 'we will make', 'ekei' means 'there', 'eniauton' means 'a year' (a full year), 'emporeusometha' means 'we will trade' or 'we will do business', 'kerdason' means 'we will profit' or 'we will gain'.
[JAS.4.14] Those who do not understand what your life will be tomorrow – for you are a breath that appears for a short time, then also vanishes. [§]
hoitines ouk epistasthe to tes aurion poia he zoe humon – atmıs gar este he pros oligon phainomenē, epeita kai aphanizomenē –
'hoitines' means 'those who', 'ouk' means 'not', 'epistasthe' means 'understand/know', 'to' means 'the', 'tes' means 'of the', 'aurion' means 'tomorrow', 'poia' means 'what/which', 'he' means 'the', 'zoe' means 'life', 'humon' means 'your', 'atmıs' means 'breath', 'gar' means 'for', 'este' means 'you are', 'pros' means 'for/toward', 'oligon' means 'a short time', 'phainomenē' means 'appearing', 'epeita' means 'then', 'kai' means 'and', 'aphanizomenē' means 'vanishing'.
[JAS.4.15] instead of saying to you: if the Lord wills, we shall live and we shall do this or that. [§]
anti tou legein humas: ean ho kyrios thelesei kai zesomen kai poiesomen touto e ekeinon.
'anti' means 'instead of', 'tou' is the genitive article meaning 'of the', 'legein' means 'to say', 'humas' means 'you (plural object)', 'ean' means 'if', 'ho' is the nominative article 'the', 'kyrios' means 'Lord' (the title for God), 'thelesei' means 'wills' or 'desires', 'kai' means 'and', 'zesomen' means 'we shall live', another 'kai' again means 'and', 'poiesomen' means 'we shall do', 'touto' means 'this', 'e' means 'or', and 'ekeinon' means 'that'.
[JAS.4.16] Now then, you boast in your prideful attitudes; all such boasting is wicked. [§]
nun de kauchasthe en tais alazoneiais humon; pasa kautchesis toioute ponera estin.
'nun' means 'now', 'de' means 'but' or 'now then', 'kauchasthe' means 'you boast' (imperative plural), 'en' means 'in', 'tais' means 'the' (feminine plural dative), 'alazoneiais' means 'prideful attitudes' or 'boastful things', 'humon' means 'your', 'pasa' means 'all', 'kauchesis' means 'boasting', 'toioute' means 'such', 'ponera' means 'evil' or 'wicked', 'estin' means 'is'.
[JAS.4.17] Therefore, to the one who knows what is good to do and does not do it, sin is his. [§]
eidoti oun kalon poiein kai me poiounti, hamartia auto estin.
'eidoti' means 'to the one who knows', 'oun' means 'therefore' or 'thus', 'kalon' means 'good' (as an adjective), 'poiein' means 'to do' or 'to act', 'kai' means 'and', 'me' means 'not', 'poiounti' means 'doing' or 'who does', 'hamartia' means 'sin', 'auto' means 'to him' or 'his', 'estin' means 'is'. The phrase conveys that whoever knows what is good to do but fails to do it commits sin.
JAS.5
[JAS.5.1] Come now, rich ones, weep wailing over your forthcoming hardships. [§]
Age nyn hoi plousioi, klausate ololyzontes epi tais talaiporiois humon tais eperchomenais.
'Age' means 'Come', 'nyn' means 'now', 'hoi' means 'the', 'plousioi' means 'rich', 'klausate' means 'weep', 'ololyzontes' means 'wailing', 'epi' means 'over', 'tais' means 'the (feminine plural)', 'talaiporiois' means 'hardships', 'humon' means 'your', 'tais' means 'the (feminine plural)', 'eperchomenais' means 'upcoming'.
[JAS.5.2] Your wealth has rotted and your clothes have become moth‑eaten. [§]
ho ploutos humon sesepen kai ta himatia humon setobrota gegonen
'ho' means 'the', 'ploutos' means 'wealth', 'humon' means 'your' (plural), 'sesepen' means 'has rotted' or 'has become rotten', 'kai' means 'and', 'ta' means 'the' (neuter plural), 'himatia' means 'clothes' or 'garments', the second 'humon' again means 'your', 'setobrota' means 'moth-eaten' or 'eaten by moths', 'gegonen' means 'has become' or 'has happened'.
[JAS.5.3] Your gold and your silver will be melted, and their [metal] will become a testimony for you, and it will eat your flesh like fire. You have hoarded in the last days. [§]
ho khrysos humon kai ho argyros katitotai kai ho ios auton eis martyrion humin estai kai phagetai tas sarkas humon hos pyr. ethesaurisate en eschatais hemera.
'ho' means 'the' (masculine nominative singular). 'khrysos' means 'gold'. 'humon' means 'your' (genitive plural). 'kai' means 'and'. 'argyros' means 'silver'. 'katitotai' means 'is melted' (passive of katiao). 'ios' means 'their' (genitive of 'ios' meaning 'its', referring to 'their' perhaps metal). 'auton' means 'their' (genitive plural). 'eis' means 'into' or 'as'. 'martyrion' means 'a testimony' or 'witness'. 'humin' means 'to you' (dative plural). 'estai' means 'will be'. 'phagetai' means 'will eat' (future middle). 'tas sarkas' means 'the flesh' (accusative plural). 'humon' again 'your'. 'hos' means 'as'. 'pyr' means 'fire'. 'ethesaurisate' means 'you have hoarded' (aorist imperative). 'en' means 'in'. 'eschatais' means 'last' (adjective, dative plural). 'hemera' means 'days' (nominative plural).
[JAS.5.4] Behold, the wage of the workers of the idle who have not tilled your lands, the destitute one taken from you cries, and the cries of those who reap have entered the ears of the Lord of hosts. [§]
idou ho misthos ton ergaton ton amesanton tas choras humon ho apesteremenos af' humon krazei, kai hai boai ton therisanton eis ta ota kyriou sabaoth eiseleluthasin.
'idou' means 'behold', 'ho misthos' means 'the reward or wage', 'ton ergaton' means 'of the workers', 'ton amesanton' means 'of those who have not worked', 'tas choras humon' means 'your lands', 'ho apesteremenos af' humon' means 'the destitute one taken from you', 'krazei' means 'cries', 'kai' means 'and', 'hai boai' means 'the cries', 'ton therisanton' means 'of those who reap', 'eis ta ota' means 'into the ears', 'kyriou sabaoth' means 'Lord of hosts', 'eiseleluthasin' means 'have entered'.
[JAS.5.5] You have become sated upon the earth and have squandered, you have fed your hearts in a day of slaughter. [§]
etrupheisate epi tes ges kai espatalisate, ethrepate tas kardias humon en hemera sphages,
'etrupheisate' means 'you have become sated' (from the verb trypheomai, to be satiated or drunk), 'epi' means 'upon', 'tes' is the definite article 'the' (feminine genitive), 'ges' means 'earth', 'kai' means 'and', 'espatalisate' means 'you have squandered' or 'wasted', 'ethrepate' means 'you have fed' or 'nourished', 'tas' is the definite article 'the' (feminine accusative), 'kardias' means 'hearts', 'humon' means 'your', 'en' means 'in', 'hemera' means 'day', 'sphages' means 'slaughter' or 'massacre'.
[JAS.5.6] You condemned, you murdered the righteous; it will not oppose you. [§]
katedikasate, ephoneusate ton dikaion; ouk antitassei humin.
'katedikasate' means 'you condemned', 'ephoneusate' means 'you murdered', 'ton dikaion' means 'the righteous one', 'ouk' means 'not', 'antitassei' means 'will oppose or stand against', 'humin' means 'you (plural)'.
[JAS.5.7] Be patient then, brothers, until the coming of the Lord. Behold the farmer waits for the precious fruit of the earth, being patient on it, until he receives the early and the late. [§]
Makrothee-may-sah-teh oon, ah-del-phi, hay-oss tay s pee-oo-see-as too kee-ree-oo. Ee-doo ho gee-awr-gos ek-deh-kay-tai ton tee-mee-on kar-pohn tay s gay-ss mak-ro-thee-mohn ep' ahf-tee, hay-oss lah-bay pro-i-mohn kai op-see-mohn.
'Makrothee-may-sah-teh' means 'Be patient' (imperative of makrothymēō). 'oon' means 'then'. 'ah-del-phi' means 'brothers'. 'hay-oss' means 'until'. 'tay s pee-oo-see-as' means 'the coming' (parousia). 'too' means 'of'. 'kee-ree-oo' means 'Lord' (translation of kyrios). 'Ee-doo' means 'Behold'. 'ho gee-awr-gos' means 'the farmer'. 'ek-deh-kay-tai' means 'waits for' (ekdechetai). 'ton tee-mee-on' means 'the precious'. 'kar-pohn' means 'fruit'. 'tay s gay-ss' means 'of the earth'. 'mak-ro-thee-mohn' means 'being patient' (present participle). 'ep' ahf-tee' means 'on it'. 'hay-oss' again 'until'. 'lah-bay' means 'he receives'. 'pro-i-mohn' means 'the early [crop]'. 'kai' means 'and'. 'op-see-mohn' means 'the late [crop]'.
[JAS.5.8] Be patient also, and strengthen your hearts, because the presence of the Lord is near. [§]
makrothymese kai hymeis, sterixate tas kardias humon, hoti he parousia tou kyriou engiken.
'makrothymese' means 'be patient', 'kai' means 'and', 'hymeis' means 'you (plural)', 'sterixate' means 'strengthen', 'tas' is the accusative article 'the', 'kardias' means 'hearts', 'humon' means 'your', 'hoti' means 'because', 'he' means 'the', 'parousia' means 'presence', 'tou' means 'of the', 'kyriou' means 'Lord', 'engiken' means 'has drawn near' or 'is near'.
[JAS.5.9] Do not groan, brothers, against one another, lest you be judged; behold, the judge stands before the doors. [§]
me stenazete, adelphoi, kat allelon, hina me krithete; idou ho krites pro ton thuron hesteken.
"me" means "not" (negative particle), "stenazete" means "you (plural) groan or complain", "adelphoi" means "brothers", "kat" is a contraction of "kata" meaning "against", "allelon" means "one another", "hina" means "so that" or "lest", "me" again means "not", "krithete" means "you may be judged" (from "krinein" to judge), "idou" means "behold", "ho" means "the" (masculine singular article), "krites" means "judge", "pro" means "before", "ton" means "the" (genitive plural article), "thuron" means "doors", "hesteken" means "has stood" or "is standing".
[JAS.5.10] Take as an example, brothers, the suffering and the long-suffering of the prophets who spoke in the name of Lord. [§]
hypodeigma labete, adelfoi, tes kakopatheias kai tes makrothymias tos prophetas oi elalesan en to onomati kyriou.
'hypodeigma' means 'example' (literally 'pattern'), 'labete' means 'take' (imperative plural), 'adelfoi' means 'brothers', 'tes' is the genitive article 'of the', 'kakopatheias' means 'suffering' or 'affliction', 'kai' means 'and', 'makrothymias' means 'long-suffering' or 'patience', 'tos' is the accusative article 'the' (masculine plural), 'prophetas' means 'prophets', 'oi' is the nominative plural article 'who', 'elalesan' means 'spoke' (aorist active indicative), 'en' means 'in', 'to' is the neuter article 'the', 'onomati' means 'name' (dative singular), 'kyriou' means 'Lord' (translating Kyrios).
[JAS.5.11] Behold, we bless those who have endured; you have heard the patience of Job and you have seen the Lord's end, for the Lord is very compassionate and merciful. [§]
idou makarizomen tous hypomeinantas; ten hypomone Job ekousate kai to telos kyriou eidete, hoti polysplagchnos estin ho kyrios kai oiktrimon.
'idou' means 'behold', 'makarizomen' means 'we bless' or 'we proclaim as blessed', 'tous' means 'the' (accusative plural masc.), 'hypomeinantas' means 'those who have endured', 'ten' means 'the' (accusative singular fem.), 'hypomone' means 'patience' or 'endurance', 'Job' is the name of the biblical figure, 'ekousate' means 'you have heard', 'kai' means 'and', 'to' means 'the' (neuter nominative singular), 'telos' means 'end' or 'conclusion', 'kyriou' is the genitive of 'kyrios' and is translated as 'Lord', 'eidete' means 'you have seen', 'hoti' means 'because' or 'for', 'polysplagchnos' means 'very compassionate' (literally 'much merciful'), 'estin' means 'is', 'ho' means 'the', 'kyrios' again means 'Lord', and 'kai' means 'and', 'oiktrimon' means 'merciful'. The name of God 'kyrios' is rendered literally as 'Lord' per the given translation rule.
[JAS.5.12] First of all, my brothers, do not swear either by heaven or by earth or any other oath; but let your yes be yes and your no be no, so that you may not fall under judgment. [§]
Pro panton de, adelphoi mou, me omnyete mhte ton ouranon mhte ten gen mhte allon tina horon; eto de humon to nai nai kai to ou ou, hina me hypo krisin pesete.
'Pro' means 'before' or 'first of all', 'panton' means 'all things', 'de' is a conjunction 'but', 'adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'me' means 'not', 'omnyete' means 'swear', 'mhte' means 'either...or', 'ton' is the definite article accusative masculine singular, 'ouranon' means 'heaven', second 'mhte' again 'either...or', 'ten' is the definite article accusative feminine singular, 'gen' means 'earth', third 'mhte' again, 'allon' means 'another' or 'any other', 'tina' means 'some' or 'any', 'horon' means 'oath', 'eto' means 'but', 'de' again 'however', 'humon' means 'your', 'to' means 'the', 'nai' means 'yes', second 'nai' reinforces, 'kai' means 'and', second 'to' again 'the', 'ou' means 'no', second 'ou' reinforces, 'hina' means 'so that', 'me' means 'not', 'hypo' means 'under', 'krisin' means 'judgment', 'pesete' means 'you may fall'.
[JAS.5.13] One who suffers among you, let him pray; one who is upright, let him sing. [§]
Kakopathei tis en hymin, proseuchestho; euthymei tis, psalleto;
'Kakopathei' means 'one who suffers evil' or 'is afflicted'; 'tis' means 'someone' (indefinite pronoun); 'en' means 'in' or 'among'; 'hymin' means 'you' (plural, dative case, 'among you'); 'proseuchestho' means 'let him pray' (jussive form of the verb 'to pray'); 'euthymei' means 'one who is upright, cheerful or rejoicing'; 'psalleto' means 'let him sing' (jussive form of the verb 'to sing').
[JAS.5.14] If anyone among you is weak, let him call the elders of the church and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. [§]
asthenei tis en hymin, proskalesatō tous presbyterous tēs ekklēsias kai proseuxasthōsan ep' auton aleipsantes auton elaio en tō onomati tou kyriou.
'asthenei' means 'is weak', 'tis' means 'someone', 'en hymin' means 'among you', 'proskalesatō' means 'let him call together', 'tous presbyterous' means 'the elders', 'tēs ekklēsias' means 'of the church', 'kai' means 'and', 'proseuxasthōsan' means 'let them pray', 'ep' auton' means 'over him', 'aleipsantes' means 'anointing', 'auton' means 'him', 'elaio' means 'with oil', 'en tō onomati' means 'in the name', 'tou kyriou' means 'of the Lord'.
[JAS.5.15] And the prayer of faith will save the burning one and will raise him, the Lord; even if he has committed sin, it will be forgiven to him. [§]
kai e eukhe tes pisteos sōsei ton kamnonnta kai egerei auton ho kyrios; ke an hamartias ē pepoiēkōs, aphethēsetai autō.
'kai' means 'and', 'e eukhe' means 'the prayer', 'tes' means 'of the', 'pisteos' means 'faith', 'sōsei' means 'will save', 'ton' means 'the', 'kamnonnta' means 'burning one' (one who is burning), 'kai' means 'and', 'egerei' means 'will raise', 'auton' means 'him', 'ho' means 'the', 'kyrios' means 'Lord', 'ke' is a contracted form of 'kai' meaning 'even if', 'an' introduces a conditional, 'hamartias' means 'sin', 'ē' means 'has', 'pepoiēkōs' means 'committed', 'aphethēsetai' means 'will be forgiven', 'autō' means 'to him'.
[JAS.5.16] Therefore confess your sins to each other and pray for one another, so that you may be healed. A prayer of righteousness that is at work has great power. [§]
exomologeisthe oun allelois tas hamartias kai euchesthe hyper allelon, hopos iathete. polu ischuei deesis dikaiou energoomenē.
'exomologeisthe' means 'confess to each other', 'oun' means 'therefore', 'allelois' means 'to one another', 'tas hamartias' means 'the sins', 'kai' means 'and', 'euchesthe' means 'pray', 'hyper' means 'for' or 'on behalf of', 'allelon' means 'each other', 'hopos' means 'so that', 'iathete' means 'you may be healed', 'polu' means 'much' or 'greatly', 'ischuei' means 'has power', 'deesis' means 'prayer' (genitive of 'deesis' = 'of prayer'), 'dikaiou' means 'of righteousness' or 'righteous', 'energoomenē' means 'working' or 'being active'.
[JAS.5.17] Elijah was a man comparable to us and, in prayer, he prayed that it would not rain, and it did not rain upon the earth for three years and six months. [§]
Elias anthropos en homoiopathes hemin kai proseuche proséuxato tou me brexai, kai ouk ebrexen epi tes gees eniautos treis kai menas hex.
'Elias' is the proper name Elijah. 'anthropos' means 'man' or 'person'. 'en' is the past tense of 'to be' meaning 'was'. 'homoiopathes' literally means 'of similar suffering' i.e., 'like us in suffering' or 'compassionate toward us'. 'hemin' means 'to us' or 'for us'. 'kai' means 'and'. 'proseuche' means 'prayer' (the act of praying). 'proséuxato' is the aorist middle of 'to pray', meaning 'he prayed'. 'tou me brexai' is a purpose clause meaning 'that it would not rain' (lit. 'that not to rain'). 'ouk' means 'not'. 'ebrexen' is the aorist active of 'to rain', meaning 'it rained'. 'epi tes gees' means 'upon the earth'. 'eniautos treis kai menas hex' means 'three years and six months' (lit. 'years three and months six').
[JAS.5.18] And again he prayed, and the sky gave rain and the earth sprouted its fruit. [§]
kai palin proseuxato, kai ho ouranos hyeton edoken kai he ge eblastesen ton karpon autes.
'kai' means 'and', 'palin' means 'again', 'proseuxato' means 'he prayed', 'ho' is the masculine definite article 'the', 'ouranos' means 'sky' or 'heaven', 'hyeton' means 'rain', 'edoken' means 'gave', 'he' is the feminine definite article 'the', 'ge' means 'earth', 'eblastesen' means 'caused to sprout' or 'made to grow', 'ton' is the masculine accusative article 'the', 'karpon' means 'fruit', 'autes' means 'its' (referring to the earth).
[JAS.5.19] My brothers, if anyone among you is led astray from the truth and someone brings him back, [§]
Adelphoi mou, ean tis en humin planethei apo tes aletheias kai epistrepsei tis auton,
'Adelphoi' means 'brothers', 'mou' means 'my', 'ean' means 'if', 'tis' means 'anyone', 'en' means 'in' or 'among', 'humin' means 'you (plural)', 'planethei' means 'is led astray', 'apo' means 'from', 'tes' is the genitive article 'the', 'aletheias' means 'truth', 'kai' means 'and', 'epistrepsei' means 'may bring back' or 'restore', 'tis' means 'someone', 'auton' means 'him'.
[JAS.5.20] Let him know that the one who turns a sinner from the error of his way will save his soul from death and will cover a multitude of sins. [§]
ginosketo hoti ho epistrepas hamartolon ek planes hodou autou sōsei psychen autou ek thanatou kai kalypsei plethos hamartion.
'ginosketo' means 'let (someone) know', 'hoti' means 'that', 'ho' means 'the', 'epistrepas' means 'having turned back' or 'the one who turns back', 'hamartolon' means 'a sinner', 'ek' means 'from', 'planes' means 'error' or 'mistake', 'hodou' means 'way', 'autou' means 'his', 'sōsei' means 'will save', 'psychen' means 'soul', 'autou' again means 'his', 'ek' again means 'from', 'thanatou' means 'death', 'kai' means 'and', 'kalypsei' means 'will cover', 'plethos' means 'a multitude', 'hamartion' means 'of sins'.