GEN (Genesis)
GEN.1 • GEN.2 • GEN.3 • GEN.4 • GEN.5 • GEN.6 • GEN.7 • GEN.8 • GEN.9 • GEN.10 • GEN.11 • GEN.12 • GEN.13 • GEN.14 • GEN.15 • GEN.16 • GEN.17 • GEN.18 • GEN.19 • GEN.20 • GEN.21 • GEN.22 • GEN.23 • GEN.24 • GEN.25 • GEN.26 • GEN.27 • GEN.28 • GEN.29 • GEN.30 • GEN.31 • GEN.32 • GEN.33 • GEN.34 • GEN.35 • GEN.36 • GEN.37 • GEN.38 • GEN.39 • GEN.40 • GEN.41 • GEN.42 • GEN.43 • GEN.44 • GEN.45 • GEN.46 • GEN.47 • GEN.48 • GEN.49 • GEN.50
GEN.1
[GEN.1.1] In the beginning the Gods created the heavens and the earth. [§]
Bereshit bara Elohim et ha-shamayim ve-et ha-aretz.
'Bereshit' means 'in the beginning', 'bara' means 'created', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 've-et' means 'and (object marker)', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.1.2] And the earth was formless and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep, and the spirit of the Gods was hovering upon the face of the waters. [§]
vehaaretz hayetah tohu vavohu vechoshech al penei tehom veruach elohim merachefet al penei hamayim.
'vehaaretz' means 'and the earth', 'hayetah' means 'was', 'tohu' means 'formless', 'vavohu' means 'and void', 'vechoshech' means 'and darkness', 'al' means 'upon', 'penei' means 'the face of', 'tehom' means 'the deep', 'veruach' means 'and the spirit', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'merachefet' means 'was hovering' or 'was moving', 'hamayim' means 'the waters'.
[GEN.1.3] And the Gods said, Let there be light, and there was light. [§]
Vayomer Elohim y'hi or vayehi-or.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal plural form for God), 'y'hi' means 'let there be' or 'it shall be', 'or' means 'light', and 'vayehi-or' means 'and there was light'. The phrase 'Elohim' is rendered as 'the Gods' to follow the literal translation rule for divine names.
[GEN.1.4] the Gods saw the light that it was good and the Gods separated between the light and between the darkness. [§]
vayar Elohim et ha'or ki tov vayavdel Elohim bein ha'or u'vein ha'choshekh.
'vayar' means 'and saw', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'ha'or' means 'the light', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'tov' means 'good', 'vayavdel' means 'and separated', 'bein' means 'between', 'ha'choshekh' means 'the darkness'. The conjunction 'u'' in 'u'vein' is another 'and' attached to 'between'.
[GEN.1.5] And the Gods called the light Day and the darkness called Night, and there was evening and there was morning, one day. [§]
vayikra elohim la'or yom ve-lachoshekh kara layla vayhi erev vayhi boker yom echad
'vayikra' means 'and called', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'la'or' means 'to the light', 'yom' means 'day', 've-lachoshekh' means 'and to the darkness', 'kara' means 'called', 'layla' means 'night', 'vayhi erev' means 'and there was evening', 'vayhi boker' means 'and there was morning', 'yom echad' means 'one day'.
[GEN.1.6] And the Gods said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters. [§]
Vayomer Elohim yehi rakia betoch hamayim viheye mavdil bein mayim lamayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yehi' means 'let there be', 'rakia' means 'firmament' or 'expanse', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'viheye' means 'and let be', 'mavdil' means 'that separates', 'bein' means 'between', 'mayim' means 'waters', 'lamayim' means 'to the waters'.
[GEN.1.7] And the Gods made the firmament, and separated between the waters that were under the firmament and the waters that were above the firmament, and it was so. [§]
Vayya'as Elohim et-harakia vayavdel bein ha-mayim asher mitachat larakia u-bein ha-mayim asher me'al larakia vayhi ken.
'Vayya'as' means 'and made', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no English equivalent, 'harakia' means 'the firmament', 'vayavdel' means 'and separated', 'bein' means 'between', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters', 'asher' means 'that', 'mitachat' means 'under', 'larakia' means 'the firmament', 'u-bein' means 'and between', 'me'al' means 'above', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'ken' means 'so'.
[GEN.1.8] And the Gods called the firmament Heaven, and there was evening and there was morning, the second day. [§]
Vayikra Elohim la-raqia shamayim vayhi-erev vayhi-boker yom sheni.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'la-raqia' means 'to the firmament', 'shamayim' means 'heaven(s)', 'vayhi-erev' means 'and there was evening', 'vayhi-boker' means 'and there was morning', 'yom sheni' means 'second day'.
[GEN.1.9] And the Gods said, Let the waters under the heavens be gathered to one place, and let the dry land appear; and it was so. [§]
Vayomer Elohim yikavu hamayim mitachat hashamaim el makom echad veteraeh hayabasha vayhi-ken.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yikavu' means 'let be gathered', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'mitachat' means 'under', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens', 'el' means 'to', 'makom' means 'a place', 'echad' means 'one', 'veteraeh' means 'and let appear', 'hayabasha' means 'the dry land', 'vayhi-ken' means 'and it was so'.
[GEN.1.10] and called the Gods the dry land earth, and to the source the waters called seas, and saw the Gods that good. [§]
Vayikra Elohim la-yabashah eretz, u-le-mikveh ha-mayim kara yamim, vayyar Elohim ki tov.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'la-yabashah' means 'to the dry land', 'eretz' means 'earth', 'u-le-mikveh' means 'and to the source', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters', 'kara' means 'called', 'yamim' means 'seas', 'vayyar' means 'and saw', 'ki' means 'that', 'tov' means 'good'.
[GEN.1.11] And the Gods said, Let the earth bring forth grass, herb that bears seed, a tree that makes fruit according to its kind, whose seed is in it upon the earth; and it was so. [§]
Vayomer Elohim tadshe haaretz deshe esev mazriaz zera etz pri ose pri lemino asher zar'o bo al haaretz vayhi chen.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'tadshe' means 'shall bring forth', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'deshe' means 'grass', 'esev' means 'herb', 'mazriaz' means 'sprouting', 'zera' means 'seed', 'etz' means 'tree', 'pri' means 'fruit', 'ose pri' means 'making fruit', 'lemino' means 'according to its kind', 'asher' means 'that', 'zar'o bo' means 'its seed in it', 'al haaretz' means 'upon the earth', 'vayhi chen' means 'and it was so'.
[GEN.1.12] And the earth brought forth grass, herb that sows seed according to its kind, and a tree that makes fruit whose seed is in it according to its kind, and the Gods saw that it was good. [§]
vatotze haaretz deshe esev mazria zerah le-min-ehu ve-etz ose peri asher zar'o-vo le-min-ehu vayyar Elohim ki-tov.
'va' means 'and', 'totze' means 'went out' or 'brought forth', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'deshe' means 'grass', 'esev' means 'herb', 'mazria' means 'sowing' or 'that sows', 'zera' means 'seed', 'le-min-ehu' means 'according to its kind', 've' means 'and', 'etz' means 'tree', 'ose' means 'making' or 'that makes', 'peri' means 'fruit', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'zar'o-vo' means 'its seed in it', 'vayyar' means 'and saw', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'ki' means 'that', 'tov' means 'good'.
[GEN.1.13] And there was evening, and there was morning, the third day. [§]
Va-yehi erev, va-yehi boker, yom shlishi.
'Va-yehi' means 'and it was', 'erev' means 'evening', the second 'va-yehi' again means 'and it was', 'boker' means 'morning', 'yom' means 'day', and 'shlishi' means 'third'.
[GEN.1.14] And the Gods said, Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate between the day and the night, and they shall be signs for appointed times, for days, and for years. [§]
Vayomer Elohim yehi meorot birkia ha-shamayim le-havdil bein ha-yom u-bein ha-layla ve-hayu le-otot u-le-moadim u-le-yamim ve-shanim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yehi' means 'let there be', 'meorot' means 'lights', 'birkia' means 'in the expanse', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'le-havdil' means 'to separate', 'bein' means 'between', 'ha-yom' means 'the day', 'u-bein' means 'and between', 'ha-layla' means 'the night', 've-hayu' means 'and they shall be', 'le-otot' means 'for signs', 'u-le-moadim' means 'for appointed times', 'u-le-yamim' means 'for days', 've-shanim' means 'and years'.
[GEN.1.15] And they shall be lights in the expanse of the heavens to shine upon the earth, and it was so. [§]
vehayu lim'otot birkia hashamayim lehair al haaretz vayhi-ken
'vehayu' means 'and they shall be', 'lim'otot' means 'for lights', 'birkia' means 'in the expanse/firmament', 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'lehair' means 'to shine', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'vayhi-ken' means 'and it was so'.
[GEN.1.16] And the Gods made the two great lights, the great light for the rule of the day, and the small light for the rule of the night, and the stars. [§]
Vayas Elohim et-shnei ha-meorot ha-gedolim et ha-maor ha-gadol lememshalt ha-yom ve-et ha-maor ha-katon lememshalt ha-layla ve-et ha-kokhavim.
'Vayas' means 'and made'; 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the divine name); 'et' is the direct object marker; 'shnei' means 'two'; 'ha-meorot' means 'the lights'; 'ha-gedolim' means 'the great'; 'ha-maor' means 'the light'; 'ha-gadol' means 'the great'; 'lememshalt' means 'for the rule of'; 'ha-yom' means 'the day'; 've-et' means 'and the'; 'ha-katon' means 'the small'; 'ha-layla' means 'the night'; 'ha-kokhavim' means 'the stars'.
[GEN.1.17] And the Gods gave them in the firmament of the heavens to give light upon the earth. [§]
Vayiten otam Elohim birkia ha-shamayim leha'ir al-haaretz.
'Vayiten' means 'and (he) gave', 'otam' means 'them', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'birkia' means 'in the firmament', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'leha'ir' means 'to give light' or 'to cause to shine', 'al-haaretz' means 'upon the earth'.
[GEN.1.18] And to rule the day and the night and to separate between the light and between the darkness, and the Gods saw that it was good. [§]
ve-limshol ba-yom u-va-layla u-la-havdil bein ha-or u-vein ha-choshekh vayyar Elohim ki-tov.
've' means 'and', 'limshol' means 'to rule', 'ba-yom' means 'the day', 'u-va-layla' means 'and the night', 'u-la-havdil' means 'and to separate', 'bein' means 'between', 'ha-or' means 'the light', 'u-vein' means 'and between', 'ha-choshekh' means 'the darkness', 'vayyar' means 'and saw', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ki' means 'that', 'tov' means 'good'.
[GEN.1.19] And there was evening, and there was morning, the fourth day. [§]
Vayehi erev vayehi voker yom revii.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'erev' means 'evening', the second 'vayehi' again means 'and it was', 'voker' means 'morning', 'yom' means 'day', 'revii' means 'fourth', and the final character 'P' is a paragraph marker indicating a new open paragraph.
[GEN.1.20] And the Gods said, Let the waters bring forth a living creature, and let the bird fly upon the earth upon the face of the firmament of the heavens. [§]
Vayomer Elohim yishretsu hamayim sheretz nefesh chayah ve'of ye'ofef al haaretz al-penei rekia hashamaim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yishretsu' means 'let ... bring forth', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'sheretz' means 'a moving (living) creature', 'nefesh' means 'soul' or 'life', 'chayah' means 'living', 've'of' means 'and bird', 'ye'ofef' means 'will fly', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'al-penei' means 'upon the face of', 'rekia' means 'firmament', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens'.
[GEN.1.21] The Gods created the great sea monsters and every living being that moves in the water according to its kind, and every winged bird according to its kind, and the Gods saw that it was good. [§]
Vayivra Elohim et ha-taninim ha-gedolim ve-et kol-nefesh ha-chayah ha-romeshet asher shartsu ha-mayim le-minehem ve-et kol-of kanaf le-minehu vayare Elohim ki tov.
'Vayivra' means 'and created', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-taninim' means 'the sea monsters', 'ha-gedolim' means 'the great', 've-et' means 'and', 'kol-nefesh' means 'every living being', 'ha-chayah' means 'the living', 'ha-romeshet' means 'that moves', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'shartsu' means 'the waters brought forth', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters', 'le-minehem' means 'according to their kind', 've-et' again 'and', 'kol-of' means 'every bird', 'kanaf' means 'winged', 'le-minehu' means 'according to its kind', 'vayare' means 'and saw', the second 'Elohim' again 'the Gods', 'ki' means 'that', 'tov' means 'good'.
[GEN.1.22] the Gods blessed them, saying, 'Be fruitful and increase, and fill the waters in the seas, and the bird will multiply on the earth.' [§]
Vayevarekh otam Elohim le'omar peru ur'vu u'mil'u et-hammayim bayamim veha'of yirhev ba'aretz.
'Vayevarekh' means 'and blessed', 'otam' means 'them', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'le'omar' means 'to say', 'peru' means 'be fruitful', 'ur'vu' means 'and increase', 'u'mil'u' means 'and fill', 'et-hammayim' means 'the waters', 'bayamim' means 'in the seas', 'veha'of' means 'and the bird', 'yirhev' means 'will multiply', 'ba'aretz' means 'on the earth'.
[GEN.1.23] And there was evening and there was morning, the fifth day. [§]
Va-yehi-ereb va-yehi-boker yom chamishi.
'Va-yehi-ereb' means 'and there was evening', 'va-yehi-boker' means 'and there was morning', 'yom' means 'day', 'chamishi' means 'fifth'. The final character 'Pe' is a paragraph marker and is not part of the phrase.
[GEN.1.24] the Gods said, Let the earth bring forth a living soul, according to its kind, cattle and creeping thing, and the beast of the earth according to its kind, and it was so. [§]
Vayomer Elohim totze haaretz nefesh chayyah leminah behamah varemes vechayto-eretz leminah vayhi-chen.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'totze' means 'let bring forth', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'nefesh' means 'living soul', 'chayyah' means 'living', 'leminah' means 'according to its kind', 'behamah' means 'cattle', 'varemes' means 'and creeping thing', 'vechayto-eretz' means 'and the beast of the earth', 'leminah' again means 'according to its kind', 'vayhi-chen' means 'and it was so'.
[GEN.1.25] And the Gods made the living creature of the earth according to its kind, and the beasts according to their kind, and all the creeping things of the ground according to their kind, and the Gods saw that it was good. [§]
vayyas Elohim et hayyat haaretz lemina ve'et habhemah lemina ve'et kol ramesh haadamah leminehu vayar Elohim ki tov
'vayyas' means 'and made', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal plural form of El), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hayyat' means 'living creature', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'lemina' means 'according to its kind', 've'et' means 'and', 'habhemah' means 'the beasts', 'kol' means 'all', 'ramesh' means 'creeping thing', 'haadamah' means 'the ground', 'leminehu' means 'according to its kind', 'vayar' means 'and saw', 'ki' means 'that', 'tov' means 'good'.
[GEN.1.26] And the Gods said, 'Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and they shall rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the beasts and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth.' [§]
Vayomer Elohim na'aseh adam be-tzalmenu kidmutenu veyirdu be-dgat hayam uve-of hashamaim uve-behemah uve-khol haaretz uve-khol ha'remes ha'romes al haaretz.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'na'aseh' means 'let us make', 'adam' means 'man', 'be-tzalmenu' means 'in our image', 'kidmutenu' means 'after our likeness', 'veyirdu' means 'and they shall rule', 'be-dgat hayam' means 'over the fish of the sea', 'uve-of hashamaim' means 'and over the birds of the heavens', 'uve-behemah' means 'and over the beasts', 'uve-khol haaretz' means 'and over all the earth', 'uve-khol ha'remes ha'romes al haaretz' means 'and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth'.
[GEN.1.27] And the Gods created the man in his image, in the image of the Gods, male and female they created. [§]
Vayivra Elohim et ha'adam be-tzalmo be-tzelem Elohim bara oto zachar u-nekevah bara otam.
'Vayivra' means 'and created', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ha'adam' means 'the man', 'be-tzalmo' means 'in his image', 'be-tzelem' means 'in the image', the second 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 'bara' means 'created', 'oto' means 'him', 'zachar' means 'male', 'u-nekevah' means 'and female', the second 'bara' means 'created', 'otam' means 'them'.
[GEN.1.28] The Gods blessed them and said to them, the Gods, be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it and rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird of the heavens and over every living creature that moves upon the earth. [§]
Vayevarech otam Elohim vayomer lahem Elohim pru u-revu u-milu et haaretz ve-kivshuha ve-radu bidgat hayyam u-veof hashamaim u-vechol chayah haromeset al haaretz.
'Vayevarech' means 'and blessed', 'otam' means 'them', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lahem' means 'to them', the second 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 'pru' means 'be fruitful', 'u-revu' means 'and multiply', 'u-milu' means 'and fill', 'et' is a particle marking the object, 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 've-kivshuha' means 'and subdue it', 've-radu' means 'and rule', 'bidgat' means 'over the fish', 'hayyam' means 'of the sea', 'u-veof' means 'and over the bird', 'hashamaim' means 'of the heavens', 'u-vechol' means 'and over every', 'chayah' means 'living creature', 'haromeset' means 'that moves', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.1.29] And the Gods said, Behold, I have given to you all herbs that sprout seed which are upon the face of all the earth, and all the trees that have fruit of a tree that sprouts seed, shall be for you to eat. [§]
Vayomer Elohim hineh natati lachem et kol esev zorea zera asher al penei kol haaretz ve'et kol haets asher bo pri etz zorea zarah lachem yihyeh leochla.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'natati' means 'I have given', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'et' is a particle introducing the direct object, 'kol' means 'all', 'esev' means 'herb' or 'grass', 'zorea' means 'that sprouts', 'zera' means 'seed', 'asher' means 'which', 'al' means 'upon', 'penei' means 'the face of', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 've'et' means 'and', 'haets' means 'the tree', 'bo' means 'in it', 'pri' means 'fruit', 'leochla' means 'for eating' or 'to eat'.
[GEN.1.30] And for all the living creatures of the earth and for all the birds of the heavens and for all that creeps on the earth which has a living soul, every green herb for food, and it was so. [§]
Ulekhalkhayat haaretz u-lekhall-oph hashamayim u-lekhol romesh al haaretz asher bo nefesh chayyah et kol yereq esev leachala vayechi-ken.
'U' means 'and', 'lekhalkhayat' means 'for all the living creatures', 'haaretz' means 'of the earth', 'u-lekhall-oph' means 'and for all the birds', 'hashamayim' means 'of the heavens', 'u-lekhol' means 'and for all', 'romesh' means 'that creeps', 'al' means 'on', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'asher' means 'which', 'bo' means 'in it', 'nefesh' means 'soul', 'chayyah' means 'living', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'every', 'yereq' means 'green', 'esev' means 'herb', 'leachala' means 'for food', 'vayechi-ken' means 'and it was so'.
[GEN.1.31] And the Gods saw all that was made, and behold it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day. [§]
Vayar Elohim et-kol-asher asa v'hineh-tov meod vayhi erev vayhi boker yom hashishi.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asa' means 'he made', 'v'hineh' means 'and behold', 'tov' means 'good', 'meod' means 'very', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'erev' means 'evening', the second 'vayhi' again means 'and it was', 'boker' means 'morning', 'yom' means 'day', 'hashishi' means 'the sixth'.
GEN.2
[GEN.2.1] And the heavens and the earth were finished, and all their hosts. [§]
Vayekullu ha shamayim veha aretz ve-khol tzvaem.
'Vayekullu' means 'and they were finished', 'ha shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'veha aretz' means 'and the earth', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'khol' means 'all', 'tzvaem' means 'their hosts'.
[GEN.2.2] And the Gods completed in the seventh day his work which He made, and He rested in the seventh day from all his work which He made. [§]
Vayekhal Elohim bayom hashvi'i melachto asher asa vayishbot bayom hashvi'i mikol melachto asher asa.
'Vayekhal' means 'and He completed', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural form of God), 'bayom' means 'in the day', 'hashvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'melachto' means 'his work', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asa' means 'He made', 'vayishbot' means 'and He rested', 'mikol' means 'from all', the second 'melachto' again 'his work', and the final 'asher asa' repeats 'that He made'. The verse describes the completion of creation work on the seventh day and the subsequent rest.
[GEN.2.3] The Gods blessed the seventh day and sanctified it because in it He rested from all his work which the Gods created to do. [§]
Vayvarech the Gods et-Yom haShevi'i vaykadesh oto ki bo shavat mikol melachto asher bara the Gods la'asot.
'Vayvarech' means 'and blessed', 'the Gods' translates the Hebrew word Elohim, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yom' means 'day', 'haShevi'i' means 'the seventh', 'vaykadesh' means 'and sanctified', 'oto' means 'it', 'ki' means 'because', 'bo' means 'in it', 'shavat' means 'He rested', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'melachto' means 'his work', 'asher' means 'which', 'bara' means 'created', 'la'asot' means 'to do'.
[GEN.2.4] These generations of the heavens and the earth when they were created in the day of the making Yahveh the Gods earth and heavens. [§]
Eleh toldot hashamayim vehaaretz behevaram beyom asot Yahveh Elohim eretz veshamayim.
'Eleh' means 'These', 'toldot' means 'generations', 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'vehaaretz' means 'and the earth', 'behevaram' means 'when they were created', 'beyom' means 'in the day', 'asot' means 'of the making', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'the Gods' is the translation of Elohim, 'eretz' means 'earth', 'veshamayim' means 'and heavens'.
[GEN.2.5] And all the grass of the field had not yet been on the earth, and all the herb of the field had not yet sprouted, because Yahveh the Gods did not cause rain upon the earth, and man is not to work the ground. [§]
vechol siach hasadeh terem yihyeh baaretz vechol esev hasadeh terem yitzmach ki lo himtir Yahveh Elohim al haaretz veadam ayin laavod et haadamah.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'siach' means 'grass', 'hasadeh' means 'the field', 'terem' means 'not yet', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'baaretz' means 'in the earth', 'esev' means 'herb' or 'grass', 'yitzmach' means 'will sprout', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'himtir' means 'he caused rain', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohim' is rendered as 'the Gods', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'veadam' means 'and man', 'ayin' means 'is not', 'laavod' means 'to work', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haadamah' means 'the ground'.
[GEN.2.6] And fire will rise from the earth and will water all the face of the ground. [§]
ve-ed yaaleh min haaretz ve-hishkah et kol penei haadamah.
've' means 'and', 'ed' means 'fire', 'yaaleh' means 'will rise', 'min' means 'from', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 've' again means 'and', 'hishkah' means 'will water' or 'will moisten', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'penei' means 'the face of' or 'the surface of', 'haadamah' means 'the ground' or 'the earth'.
[GEN.2.7] And Yahveh the Gods formed the man from dust of the earth, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living soul. [§]
vay-yit-zer Yahveh the Gods et ha-adam afar min ha-adamah vay-yipach be'afav nishmat chayim vayehi ha-adam le-nefesh chayah.
'vay-yit-zer' means 'and formed', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'the Gods' renders Elohim as a plural, 'et' is the Hebrew object marker (not rendered in English), 'ha-adam' means 'the man', 'afar' means 'dust', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-adamah' means 'the earth', 'vay-yipach' means 'and breathed', 'be'afav' means 'into his nostrils', 'nishmat' means 'breath', 'chayim' means 'life', 'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'le-nefesh' means 'for a soul', 'chayah' means 'living'.
[GEN.2.8] And Yahveh the Gods planted a garden in Eden in the east, and there he placed the man that he formed. [§]
Vayitta Yahveh Elohim gan beEden mikedem vayyasem sham et haadam asher yatsar.
'Vayitta' means 'and (he) planted', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of the LORD (YHVH), 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'gan' means 'garden', 'beEden' means 'in Eden', 'mikedem' means 'in the east' or 'from the east', 'vayyasem' means 'and (he) placed', 'sham' means 'there', 'et haadam' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'yatsar' means 'he formed' or 'he created'.
[GEN.2.9] And Yahveh the Gods caused to grow from the earth every tree pleasant to look at and good for eating, and the tree of life in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge, good and evil. [§]
Vayatzmach Yahveh haElohim min haadamah kol etz nechmad lemar'eh ve tov lema'achal ve etz hachayyim betoch hagan ve etz hadata tov va ra
'Vayatzmach' means 'and caused to grow', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'min' means 'from', 'haadamah' means 'the earth', 'kol' means 'every' or 'all', 'etz' means 'tree', 'nechmad' means 'pleasant', 'lemar'eh' means 'to look', 've' means 'and', 'tov' means 'good', 'lema'achal' means 'for eating', 'hachayyim' means 'of life', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of', 'hagan' means 'the garden', 'hadata' means 'of knowledge', 'ra' means 'evil'.
[GEN.2.10] And a river going out from Eden to water the garden, and from there it will be divided, and it will be to four heads. [§]
ve nahar yotze me eden lehashkot et hagan u misham yipared ve hayah learbaah rashim
've' means 'and', 'nahar' means 'river', 'yotze' means 'going out' or 'that goes out', 'me' means 'from', 'eden' is the name of the garden of Eden, together 'me eden' means 'from Eden', 'lehashkot' means 'to water', 'et' is an accusative particle with no English equivalent, 'hagan' means 'the garden', 'u' means 'and', 'misham' means 'from there', 'yipared' means 'it will be divided' or 'it will separate', 've' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'it will be', 'learbaah' means 'to four' or 'for four', 'rashim' means 'heads' (plural of head).
[GEN.2.11] The name of the first (river) is Pishon; it is the one that encircles all the land of Havilah, where there is gold. [§]
Shem haechad Pishon hu ha-sovev et kol-aretz ha-chavilah asher-sham ha-zahav.
"Shem" means "name", "haechad" means "the one" or "the first", "Pishon" is a proper name of a river, "hu" means "it is", "ha-sovev" means "the encircling" or "the one that surrounds", "et" is a direct object marker (no English translation), "kol-aretz" means "all the land", "ha-chavilah" means "the Havilah (region)", "asher-sham" means "that is there" or "where", "ha-zahav" means "the gold".
[GEN.2.12] And the gold of that good land there is fine, and the stone of shoham. [§]
Uzehav ha'aretz hahiu tov sham habedolach ve'evan hashoham.
'Uzehav' means 'and gold', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'hahiu' means 'that (that land)', 'tov' means 'good', 'sham' means 'there', 'habedolach' is a difficult word likely derived from the root 'dalach' meaning 'refined' or 'fine', so it is rendered as 'the fine (gold)', 've'evan' means 'and stone', and 'hashoham' is a known biblical term for a precious stone, traditionally identified as onyx or emerald. The phrase therefore describes the quality of the gold and a valuable stone found in that land.
[GEN.2.13] And the name of the second river, Gichon, is the one that circles the whole land of Cush. [§]
ve-shem ha-nahar ha-sheni Gichon hu ha-sovev et kol eretz Kush.
've' means 'and', 'shem' means 'name', 'ha-nahar' means 'the river', 'ha-sheni' means 'the second', 'Gichon' is a proper name of the river, 'hu' means 'it' (referring to the river), 'ha-sovev' means 'the one that surrounds', 'et' is a grammatical marker for the direct object, 'kol' means 'all' or 'whole', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Kush' means 'Cush', a region.
[GEN.2.14] And the name of the third river is Hiddekel; it is the one that goes before Assur, and the fourth river is Perath. [§]
ve-shem ha-nahar ha-shelishi Chiddekel hu ha-holech kidmat Assur ve-ha-nahar ha-revii hu Perath.
've-shem' means 'and the name', 'ha-nahar' means 'the river', 'ha-shelishi' means 'the third', 'Chiddekel' is the proper name of a river, 'hu' means 'it is', 'ha-holech' means 'the one that goes', 'kidmat' means 'before', 'Assur' is the proper name of a place, 've' means 'and', 'ha-revii' means 'the fourth', 'Perath' is the proper name of a river.
[GEN.2.15] And Yahveh the Gods took the man and placed him in the garden of Eden to work it and to keep it. [§]
Vayikach Yahveh Elohim et haadam vayanihehu vegan Eden leavdah uleshamorah.
'Vayikach' means 'and took', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haadam' means 'the man', 'vayanihehu' means 'and placed him', 'vegan' means 'in the garden', 'Eden' is the proper name Eden, 'leavdah' means 'to work', and 'uleshamorah' means 'and to keep'.
[GEN.2.16] Yahveh the Gods commanded the man, saying, from every tree of the garden you shall eat. [§]
Vayetzav Yahveh Elohim al ha'adam lemor mikol etz ha-gan akhol tokhel.
'Vayetzav' means 'and commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'ha'adam' means 'the man', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'etz' means 'tree', 'ha-gan' means 'the garden', 'akhol' means 'you shall eat' (imperative form), 'tokhel' repeats the same meaning for emphasis.
[GEN.2.17] And from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat of it, for in the day you eat of it you shall die. [§]
Umeets ha-daat tov va-ra lo tochal mimenu ki beyom achalka mimenu mot tamut.
'Umeets' means 'and from', 'ha-da' means 'the', 'aat' (from daat) means 'knowledge', 'tov' means 'good', 'va' means 'and', 'ra' means 'evil', 'lo' means 'not', 'tochal' means 'you shall eat', 'mimenu' means 'of it', 'ki' means 'for', 'beyom' means 'in the day', 'achalka' means 'you eat', 'mimenu' again means 'of it', 'mot' means 'death', 'tamut' means 'you shall die'.
[GEN.2.18] Yahveh the Gods said, It is not good for the man to be alone; I will make for him a helper opposite him. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh Elohim lo tov heyot haadam levado e'eseh-lo ezer kenegdo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lo' means 'not', 'tov' means 'good', 'heyot' means 'to be', 'haadam' means 'the man', 'levado' means 'alone' (literally 'by himself'), 'e'eseh-lo' means 'I will make for him', 'ezer' means 'helper', 'kenegdo' means 'opposite him' or 'beside him'.
[GEN.2.19] And Yahveh the Gods formed from the ground all the living of the field and all the birds of the heavens and brought them to the man to see what he shall call them; and all that the man shall call a living soul, that is his name. [§]
Vayitzer Yahveh the Gods min ha'adamah kol chayat hasadeh ve'et kol of hashamayim vayaveh el ha'adam lirot mah yikra-lo vechol asher yikra-lo ha'adam nefesh chayyah hu shmo.
'Vayitzer' means 'and he formed', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'the Gods' is the literal translation of Elohim, 'min' means 'from', 'ha'adamah' means 'the ground', 'kol' means 'all', 'chayat' means 'living (creature)', 'hasadeh' means 'of the field', 've'et' means 'and', 'of' means 'bird', 'hashamayim' means 'of the heavens', 'vayaveh' means 'and brought', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'adam' means 'the man', 'lirot' means 'to see', 'mah' means 'what', 'yikra-lo' means 'he shall call it', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'ha'adam' again 'the man', 'nefesh' means 'soul', 'chayyah' means 'living', 'hu' means 'he is', 'shmo' means 'his name'.
[GEN.2.20] And the man called the names of all the beasts and of the bird of the heavens and of all the living creatures of the field; but for the man there was not found a helper opposite him. [§]
Vayikra haadam shemot lechol habhemah u'leof hashamaim u'lechol hayyat hasadeh u'leadam lo matza ezer kenyegdo.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'haadam' means 'the man', 'shemot' means 'names', 'lechol' means 'for all', 'habhemah' means 'the beasts', 'u'leof' means 'and for the bird', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens', 'u'lechol' means 'and for all', 'hayyat' means 'the living', 'hasadeh' means 'the field', 'u'leadam' means 'and for the man', 'lo' means 'not', 'matza' means 'found', 'ezer' means 'helper', 'kenyegdo' means 'opposite him' or 'beside him'.
[GEN.2.21] Yahveh the Gods caused sleep upon the man and he slept and he took one of his ribs and he closed the flesh underneath. [§]
va-yaphel Yahveh Elohim tardema al ha-adam va-yishan va-yikkach achat mitzlaotav va-yisgor basar tachtenah.
'va-yaphel' means 'and caused', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH and is rendered as 'Yahveh', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'tardema' means 'sleep', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha-adam' means 'the man' or 'Adam', 'va-yishan' means 'and he slept', 'va-yikkach' means 'and he took', 'achat' means 'one', 'mitzlaotav' means 'of his ribs', 'va-yisgor' means 'and he closed', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'tachtenah' means 'underneath'.
[GEN.2.22] And Yahveh the Gods formed the rib that he took from the man for a woman and he brought her to the man. [§]
Vayiven Yahveh Elohim et-hatzela asher-lakach min-haadam leishah vayevieha el-haadam.
'Vayiven' means 'and he formed', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hatzela' means 'the rib', 'asher' means 'that', 'lakach' means 'he took', 'min' means 'from', 'haadam' means 'the man', 'leishah' means 'for a woman', 'vayevieha' means 'and he brought her', 'el' means 'to', 'haadam' means 'the man'.
[GEN.2.23] And the man said, This at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called Woman because she was taken out of Man. [§]
Vayomer haadam zot hapam etzem meatzamai uvasar mib'sari le'zo yikara ishah ki me'ish lukchah zot.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'haadam' means 'the man', 'zot' means 'this', 'hapam' means 'at last' or 'now', 'etzem' means 'bone', 'meatzamai' means 'of my bones', 'uvasar' means 'and flesh', 'mib'sari' means 'of my flesh', 'le'zo' means 'for this', 'yikara' means 'shall be called', 'ishah' means 'woman', 'ki' means 'because', 'me'ish' means 'of man', 'lukchah' means 'taken out', 'zot' means 'this'.
[GEN.2.24] Therefore a man will leave his father and his mother and bind to his wife, and they will be one flesh. [§]
Al-ken yaazov ish et aviv ve et imo ve davak beishto ve hayu levasar echad.
'Al-ken' means 'therefore', 'yaazov' means 'will leave/abandon', 'ish' means 'a man', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'aviv' means 'his father', 've' means 'and', 'imo' means 'his mother', 'davak' means 'will cleave/bind', 'beishto' means 'to his wife', 'hayu' means 'they will be', 'levasar' means 'as flesh', 'echad' means 'one'.
[GEN.2.25] They both were naked, the man and his wife, and they were not ashamed. [§]
Vayihyu sheneihem arummim ha'adam ve'ishto velo yitboshashu.
'Vayihyu' means 'and they were', 'sheneihem' means 'both of them', 'arummim' means 'naked', 'ha'adam' means 'the man', 've'ishto' means 'and his wife', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yitboshashu' means 'they would be ashamed'.
GEN.3
[GEN.3.1] And the serpent was cunning more than all beasts of the field that Yahveh the Gods had made, and he said to the woman, Indeed, that the Gods said, You shall not eat of all tree of the garden. [§]
veha'nachash hayah ahrum mikol chayyat hasadeh asher asah Yahveh the Gods vayomer el ha'isha af ki amar the Gods lo tochlu mikol etz hagen.
'veha'nachash' means 'and the serpent', 'hayah' means 'was', 'ahrum' means 'cunning', 'mikol' means 'more than all', 'chayyat' means 'beasts', 'hasadeh' means 'of the field', 'asher' means 'that', 'asah' means 'made', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'the Gods' means 'the Gods', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'af' means 'indeed', 'ki' means 'that', 'amar' means 'said', 'the Gods' means 'the Gods', 'lo' means 'you shall not', 'tochlu' means 'eat', 'mikol' means 'of all', 'etz' means 'tree', 'hagen' means 'of the garden'.
[GEN.3.2] And the woman said to the serpent, We shall eat the fruit of the garden. [§]
Vatomer ha'ishah el ha-nachash mi-p'ri etz ha-gan no'chal.
'Vatomer' means 'and she said', 'ha'ishah' means 'the woman', 'el ha-nachash' means 'to the serpent', 'mi-p'ri' means 'of the fruit', 'etz ha-gan' means 'the garden tree' (or 'tree of the garden'), 'no'chal' means 'we shall eat' or 'we will eat'.
[GEN.3.3] And from the fruit of the tree that is in the garden the Gods said, "You shall not eat from it, and you shall not touch it, lest you die." [§]
Umi-p'ri ha-etz asher betoch ha-gan amar Elohim lo tokhlu mimennu ve-lo tig'u bo pen temutun.
'Umi-p'ri' means 'and from the fruit', 'ha-etz' means 'the tree', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of/inside', 'ha-gan' means 'the garden', 'amar' means 'said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lo' means 'not', 'tokhlu' means 'you will eat', 'mimennu' means 'from it', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'tig'u' means 'you will touch', 'bo' means 'it', 'pen' means 'lest', 'temutun' means 'you die'.
[GEN.3.4] And the serpent said to the woman, you shall not die. [§]
Vayomer hanachash el ha'isha lo-mot temutun.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'hanachash' means 'the serpent', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'lo-mot' means 'not death' (idiomatically 'you will not'), 'temutun' means 'you will die'. Together the phrase 'lo-mot temutun' is an idiomatic way of saying 'you shall not die'.
[GEN.3.5] For God knows that on the day I devour you from me, your eyes will be opened and you will be like God, knowing good and evil. [§]
ki yodea elohim ki beyom akhalkhem mimenu v'nifkhu eneykhem viheyitem ke'elohim yod'ei tov vara
"ki" means "for" or "because". "yodea" means "knows". "elohim" is the name translated as "God". The second "ki" means "that". "beyom" means "in the day". "akhalkhem" is a verb meaning "I will eat you" or "I will devour you". "mimenu" means "from me" or "from it". "v'nifkhu" means "and (your) eyes will be opened". "eneykhem" is "your eyes". "viheyitem" means "and you will be". "ke'elohim" means "like God" or "as gods". "yod'ei" is a participle meaning "knowing" (plural). "tov" means "good". "vara" means "evil". The verse therefore says that God knows a future time when the speaker will devour the addressed people, their eyes will be opened, and they will become like God, possessing the knowledge of good and evil.
[GEN.3.6] And the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that its desire was pleasing to the eyes, and the tree was desirable for gaining wisdom; she took of its fruit and ate, and she also gave it to her husband with her, and he ate. [§]
vatre ha'isha ki tov ha'etz lema'achal vechi ta'avah-hu la'eynayim venichmad ha'etz lehashkil vatika mipiryo vatochal vattin gam-le'ishah imah vayochal
'vatre' means 'and she saw', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'tov' means 'good', 'ha'etz' means 'the tree', 'lema'achal' means 'for food', 'vechi' means 'and that', 'ta'avah-hu' means 'its desire', 'la'eynayim' means 'to the eyes', 'venichmad' means 'and desirable', 'lehashkil' means 'for gaining wisdom', 'vatika' means 'she took', 'mipiryo' means 'of its fruit', 'vatochal' means 'and she ate', 'vattin' means 'and she gave', 'gam-le'ishah' means 'also to her husband', 'imah' means 'with her', 'vayochal' means 'and he ate'.
[GEN.3.7] And they opened the eyes of both of them, and they knew that they were naked; and they stripped off a fig tree and made cords for themselves. [§]
vatipakhna einay shnehem vayedu ki erumm hem vayyitperu al teena vayyaasu lahem hagorot.
'vatipakhna' means 'and they opened', 'einay' means 'the eyes of', 'shnehem' means 'both of them', 'vayedu' means 'and they knew', 'ki' means 'that', 'erumm' means 'naked', 'hem' means 'they are', 'vayyitperu' means 'and they stripped/peeled', 'al' means 'off', 'teena' means 'fig tree', 'vayyaasu' means 'and they made', 'lahem' means 'for themselves', 'hagorot' means 'cords' or 'ropes'.
[GEN.3.8] And they heard the voice of Yahveh the Gods walking in the garden in the wind of the day, and the man and his wife hid from Yahveh the Gods within the tree of the garden. [§]
vayishmeu et kol Yahveh Elohim mithalech bagan leruach hayom vayitchabe haadam veishto mipnei Yahveh Elohim betoch ets hagan.
vayishmeu means 'and they heard'; et means 'the' (accusative marker); kol means 'voice'; Yahveh is the transliteration of YHWH and is rendered as 'Yahveh'; Elohim means 'the Gods'; mithalech means 'walking' or 'going about'; bagan means 'in the garden'; leruach means 'with the wind'; hayom means 'of the day'; vayitchabe means 'and the man hid'; haadam means 'the man'; veishto means 'and his wife'; mipnei means 'before' or 'from the presence of'; betoch means 'inside' or 'within'; ets means 'tree'; hagan means 'the garden'.
[GEN.3.9] And Yahveh the Gods called the man and said to him, Where are you? [§]
Vayikra Yahveh Elohim el ha'adam vayomer lo ayekah.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God (YHVH), 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'adam' means 'the man', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ayekah' means 'where are you?'.
[GEN.3.10] And he said, I have heard your voice in the garden, and I was afraid because I am naked, and I hid. [§]
Vayomer et kolkha shomati ba-gan va'ira ki erom anochi ve'achba.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kolkha' means 'your voice', 'shomati' means 'I heard', 'ba-gan' means 'in the garden', 'va'ira' means 'and I was afraid', 'ki' means 'because', 'erom' means 'naked', 'anochi' means 'I', and 've'achba' means 'and I hid'.
[GEN.3.11] Yahveh said, 'Who told you that you are naked? From the tree that I commanded you not to eat, have you eaten?' [§]
Vayomer mi higid lekha ki erom atta? Ha-min ha-etz asher tziviti kha levilti akhal mimenu akhalta.
'Vayomer' means 'and He said', referring to the speaker Yahveh. 'mi' means 'who', 'higid' means 'told', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'ki' means 'that', 'erom' means 'naked', 'atta' means 'you (singular)'. 'Ha-min' means 'from the', 'ha-etz' means 'tree', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tziviti' means 'I commanded', 'kha' means 'you', 'levilti' means 'not to', 'akhal' means 'eat', 'mimenu' means 'from it', 'akhalta' means 'you have eaten'. The verb forms are rendered in plain English without diacritics.
[GEN.3.12] And the man said, The woman you gave to be with me, she gave me from the tree and I ate. [§]
Vayomer haadam haisha asher natata imadi hi natna li min haets vaachel.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'haadam' means 'the man', 'haisha' means 'the woman', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'natata' means 'you gave', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'hi' means 'she', 'natna' means 'gave to me', 'li' means 'to me', 'min' means 'from', 'haets' means 'the tree', 'vaachel' means 'and I ate'.
[GEN.3.13] Yahveh the Gods said to the woman, What is this you have done? And the woman said, The serpent deceived me and I ate. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh Elohim la'isha ma zot asita vato'er ha'isha hanachash hishiani va'achel.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, the personal name of God, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'la'isha' means 'to the woman', 'ma' means 'what', 'zot' means 'this', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'vato'er' means 'and she said', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'hanachash' means 'the serpent', 'hishiani' means 'deceived me', 'va'achel' means 'and I ate'.
[GEN.3.14] Yahveh the Gods said to the serpent, Because you have done this, cursed are you among all the cattle and among all the beasts of the field; upon your belly you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh Elohim el-hannahash ki asita zot arur attah mikol habhemah umikol chayat hasade al-gehoncha telech veafar toechal kol yemei chayyecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el' means 'to', 'hannahash' means 'the serpent', 'ki' means 'because', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'zot' means 'this', 'arur' means 'cursed', 'attah' means 'you', 'mikol' means 'among all', 'habhemah' means 'the cattle', 'umikol' means 'and among all', 'chayat' means 'beasts', 'hasade' means 'of the field', 'al' means 'upon', 'gehoncha' means 'your belly', 'telech' means 'you shall go', 'veafar' means 'and dust', 'toechal' means 'you shall eat', 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'the days of', 'chayyecha' means 'your life'.
[GEN.3.15] And I will set enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring; he will strike you on the head, and you shall strike him on the heel. [§]
ve'eyvah ashith beynkha uveyn ha'isha uveyn zar'akha uveyn zar'ah hu yeshupkha rosh ve'ata teshupenu akev.
've'eyvah' means 'and I will set enmity', 'ashith' means 'I will place', 'beynkha' means 'between you', 'uveyn' means 'and between', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'uveyn zar'akha' means 'and between your offspring', 'uveyn zar'ah' means 'and between her offspring', 'hu' means 'he', 'yeshupkha' means 'will strike you', 'rosh' means 'the head', 've'ata' means 'and you', 'teshupenu' means 'will strike him', 'akev' means 'on the heel'.
[GEN.3.16] To the woman He said, I will greatly increase your sorrow and your yearning; in pain you will bear children, and your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you. [§]
El haisha amar harbeh arbeh itsbonach veheronech beetzav teledi banim veel ishecha teshukatech vehu yimshal bach.
"El" means "to", "haisha" means "the woman", "amar" means "said", "harbeh" means "greatly", "arbeh" means "increase", "itsbonach" means "your sorrow", "veheronech" means "and your yearning", "beetzav" means "in pain", "teledi" means "you will bear", "banim" means "children", "veel" means "and to", "ishecha" means "your husband", "teshukatech" means "your desire", "vehu" means "and he", "yimshal" means "will rule", "bach" means "over you".
[GEN.3.17] And to the man He said, 'Because you have heard the voice of your wife and ate from the tree which I commanded you not to eat, the ground is cursed because of you; in sorrow you will eat it all the days of your life.' [§]
Ule'adam amar ki shamata lekol ishtecha vata'achal min ha'etz asher tzivitikha le'emor lo tochal mimenu arurah ha'adamah ba'avurekha be'itzavon tokhalena kol yemei chayekha.
'Ule'adam' means 'to the man', 'amar' means 'said', 'ki' means 'because', 'shamata' means 'you have heard', 'lekol' means 'to the voice', 'isht(e)cha' means 'your wife', 'vata'achal' means 'and she ate', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'etz' means 'the tree', 'asher' means 'that', 'tzivitikha' means 'I commanded you', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'lo' means 'not', 'tochal' means 'you shall eat', 'mimenu' means 'of it', 'arurah' means 'cursed', 'ha'adamah' means 'the ground', 'ba'avurekha' means 'because of you', 'be'itzavon' means 'in sorrow', 'tokhalena' means 'you will eat it', 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'the days of', 'chayekha' means 'your life'.
[GEN.3.18] And the end and the trembling you will cause to sprout for you, and you ate the grass of the field. [§]
ve kots ve dardar tatzmich lakh ve achalta et esev ha sadeh.
've' means 'and', 'kots' means 'end' or 'conclusion', 've' again means 'and', 'dardar' means 'shivering' or 'trembling', 'tatzmich' is a verb meaning 'you will cause to sprout' or 'you will make grow', 'lakh' means 'for you' (addressed to a female), 've' means 'and', 'achalta' is a past tense verb meaning 'you ate', 'et' is the direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'esev' means 'grass' or 'herb', and 'ha sadeh' means 'the field'.
[GEN.3.19] In the anger of your wrath you shall eat bread until you return to the earth, for from it you were taken; for you are dust and to dust you shall return. [§]
b'ze'et apecha to'chal lechem ad shuvcha el ha'adamah ki mimeinah luqachta ki afar attah ve'el afar tashuv.
'b'ze'et' means 'in the anger', 'apecha' means 'your wrath', 'to'chal' means 'you shall eat', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'ad' means 'until', 'shuvcha' means 'your return', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'adamah' means 'the earth', 'ki' means 'for', 'mimeinah' means 'from it', 'luqachta' means 'you were taken', 'ki' means 'because', 'afar' means 'dust', 'attah' means 'you', 've'el' means 'and to', 'afar' means 'dust', 'tashuv' means 'you shall return'.
[GEN.3.20] And the man called his wife Eve, because she was the mother of all living. [§]
Va-yikra ha-adam shem ishto Chavvah ki hi hayta em kol chai.
'Va-yikra' means 'and he called', 'ha-adam' means 'the man', 'shem' means 'name', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'Chavvah' is the proper name 'Eve', 'ki' means 'because', 'hi' means 'she', 'hayta' means 'was', 'em' means 'mother', 'kol' means 'all', 'chai' means 'living'.
[GEN.3.21] And Yahveh the Gods made for the man and his wife garments of skin and clothed them. [§]
Vayaas Yahveh Elohim le'adam u'le'ishto kitnot or vayalbishem.
'Vayaas' means 'and he made', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'le'adam' means 'for the man', 'u'le'ishto' means 'and for his wife', 'kitnot' means 'garments', 'or' means 'skin', and 'vayalbishem' means 'and clothed them'.
[GEN.3.22] And Yahveh the Gods said, Behold, the man has become like one of us to know good and evil, and now lest he reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat and live forever. [§]
vayomer Yahveh Elohim hen haadam hayah ke'echad mimenu ladaat tov vara ve'atah pen yishlach yado velakach gam me'etz hachayyim ve'achal vachi leolam
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'hen' means 'behold', 'haadam' means 'the man', 'hayah' means 'has become', 'ke'echad' means 'like one', 'mimenu' means 'of us', 'ladaat' means 'to know', 'tov' means 'good', 'vara' means 'evil', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yishlach' means 'he will reach out', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'velakach' means 'and take', 'gam' means 'also', 'me'etz' means 'from the tree', 'hachayyim' means 'of life', 've'achal' means 'and eat', 'vachi' means 'and live', 'leolam' means 'forever'.
[GEN.3.23] And Yahveh the Gods sent him out of the garden of Eden to work the ground that was taken from there. [§]
Va-yeshalchehu Yahveh Elohim mi-gan Eden la-avod et ha-adamah asher luqach mi-sham.
'Va-yeshalchehu' means 'and sent him', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'mi-gan' means 'from garden', 'Eden' is the proper name Eden, 'la-avod' means 'to work', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-adamah' means 'the ground', 'asher' means 'that', 'luqach' means 'was taken', 'mi-sham' means 'from there'.
[GEN.3.24] And he drove out the man, and he placed from the east before the garden of Eden the cherubim and the flaming sword that turned, to guard the way of the tree of life. [§]
vayegarash et ha'adam vayashken mikedem legan eden et hakeruvim ve'et lahat ha'cheret hamithapechet lishmor et derech etz hachayyim.
'vayegarash' means 'and he drove out', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha'adam' means 'the man', 'vayashken' means 'and he placed', 'mikedem' means 'from the east', 'legan eden' means 'to the garden of Eden', 'et' (again) marks the following object, 'hakeruvim' means 'the cherubim', 've'et' means 'and', 'lahat' means 'the sword', 'ha'cheret' means 'flaming', 'hamithapechet' means 'that turns', 'lishmor' means 'to guard', 'et' marks the object, 'derech' means 'the way', 'etz' means 'tree', 'hachayyim' means 'of life'.
GEN.4
[GEN.4.1] And the man knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore Cain, and she said, I have gotten a man from Yahveh. [§]
vehaadam yada et Chavah ishto vatahar vateled et Kayin vatoamer kaniti ish et Yahveh.
'vehaadam' means 'and the man (Adam)', 'yada' means 'knew', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Chavah' means 'Eve', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'vatahar' means 'and she conceived', 'vateled' means 'and she bore', 'Kayin' means 'Cain', 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'kaniti' means 'I have acquired' or 'I have gotten', 'ish' means 'a man', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[GEN.4.2] And she gave birth again, her brother Abel; and Abel was a shepherd of the flock, and Cain was a tiller of the ground. [§]
Vatosaf laledet et achiv et havel vayehi havel roeh tson veKayin hayah oved adamah.
'Vatosaf' means 'and she again gave birth', 'laledet' means 'to bear', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'achiv' means 'her brother', 'et' again is the direct object marker, 'havel' means 'Abel', 'vayehi' means 'and was', the second 'havel' refers to 'Abel', 'roeh' means 'shepherd', 'tson' means 'flock', 'veKayin' means 'and Cain', 'hayah' means 'was', 'oved' means 'working' or 'tilling', 'adamah' means 'the ground'.
[GEN.4.3] And it was at the end of days that Cain brought an offering of the fruit of the ground to Yahveh. [§]
Vayehi miketz yamim vayavei Kayin mifri haadamah minchah layahveh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'miketz' means 'at the end', 'yamim' means 'days', 'vayavei' means 'and he brought', 'Kayin' is the personal name Cain, 'mifri' means 'of the fruit', 'haadamah' means 'the ground', 'minchah' means 'offering', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God rendered literally).
[GEN.4.4] And Abel also brought the firstlings of his flock and the fat thereof, and Yahveh looked upon Abel and upon his offering. [§]
vehevel hevia gamhu mibchorot tzonoh umechalvehen vayisha Yahveh elhevel veeliminchato.
've' means 'and', 'hevel' is the personal name 'Abel', 'hevia' means 'brought', 'gam' means 'also', 'hu' means 'he', 'mibchorot' means 'from the firstlings', 'tzonoh' means 'of his flock', 'u' means 'and', 'mechalvehen' means 'of the fat thereof', 'vayisha' means 'and looked', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to' or 'upon', 'hevel' again refers to 'Abel', 've' means 'and', 'el' again means 'to' or 'upon', 'minchato' means 'his offering'.
[GEN.4.5] And to Cain and to his offering it was not accepted, and he was angry toward Cain very much, and his face fell. [§]
ve'el Kayin ve'el minchato lo sha'ah vayichar lekayin me'od vayiplu panav.
've''el' means 'and to', 'Kayin' is the proper name 'Cain', 've''el' again means 'and to', 'minchato' means 'his offering', 'lo' means 'not', 'sha'ah' means 'was accepted', 'vayichar' means 'and he was angry', 'lekayin' means 'toward Cain', 'me'od' means 'very much', 'vayiplu' means 'and fell', 'panav' means 'his face'.
[GEN.4.6] Yahveh said to Cain, Why are you angry, and why has your face fallen? [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el Qayin lama charah l'cha velama naf'lu panecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHWH, 'el' means 'to', 'Qayin' is the proper name Cain, 'lama' means 'why', 'charah' means 'you are angry', 'l'cha' means 'with you', 've' means 'and', 'lama' again means 'why', 'naf'lu' means 'have fallen', 'panecha' means 'your face'.
[GEN.4.7] Surely, if you will do good you will lift, and if you will not do good, at the entrance a sin lies, and his desire is toward you, and you will rule over it. [§]
halo im-teitiv se-et ve-im lo teitiv la-fetach chatat rovetz ve-eleicha teshuqato ve-atah timshol-bo.
'halo' means 'surely' or rhetorical 'is not', 'im' means 'if', 'teitiv' means 'you will do good', 'se-et' means 'you will lift' or 'carry', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'la-fetach' means 'at the opening' or 'to the doorway', 'chatat' means 'sin', 'rovetz' means 'lying' or 'reclining', 'eleicha' means 'to you', 'teshuqato' means 'his desire', 'atah' means 'you', 'timshol' means 'will rule over', 'bo' means 'it'.
[GEN.4.8] And Cain said to his brother Abel, and it was when they were in the field, and Cain rose up to his brother Abel and killed him. [§]
Vayomer Kayin el-Hebel achiv vayhi biheyotam basadeh vayakam Kayin el-Hebel achiv vayahargehu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Kayin' is the personal name Cain, 'el' means 'to', 'Hebel' is the personal name Abel, 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'biheyotam' means 'when they were', 'basadeh' means 'in the field', 'vayakam' means 'and he rose up', 'vayahargehu' means 'and he killed him'.
[GEN.4.9] Yahveh said to Cain, Where is Abel your brother? And he said, I do not know; am I my brother's keeper? [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Cain ey Hevel achicha? Vayomer lo yadatai hashomer achi anochi.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the divine name translated as 'Yahveh', 'el' means 'to', 'Cain' is the proper name, 'ey' means 'where' or 'where is', 'Hevel' is the name 'Abel', 'achicha' means 'your brother', 'vayomer' again means 'and said', 'lo' means 'not', 'yadatai' means 'I know', together 'lo yadatai' means 'I do not know', 'hashomer' means 'the keeper' or 'guardian', 'achi' means 'my brother', and 'anochi' means 'I' or 'am I'.
[GEN.4.10] And Yahveh said, "What have you done? The voice of your brother's blood cries out to Yahveh from the ground." [§]
Vayomer, meh asita, kol dmei achikha tzo'akim elay min haadamah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'meh' means 'what', 'asita' means 'have you done', 'kol' means 'the voice', 'dmei' means 'of the blood', 'achikha' means 'your brother', 'tzo'akim' means 'cry out', 'elay' means 'to me' (referring to Yahveh), 'min' means 'from', 'haadamah' means 'the ground'.
[GEN.4.11] Now you are cursed from the ground which opened its mouth to take the blood of your brother from your hand. [§]
Ve'atah arur attah min ha'adamah asher patz'ta et-piyha laqachat et-dmei achikha miyadkha.
'Ve'atah' means 'and now', 'arur' means 'cursed', 'attah' means 'you', 'min ha'adamah' means 'from the ground', 'asher' means 'which', 'patz'ta' means 'split' or 'opened', 'et-piyha' means 'its mouth', 'laqachat' means 'to take', 'et-dmei' means 'the blood of', 'achikha' means 'your brother', 'miyadkha' means 'from your hand'. The phrase describes a curse directed at someone because the ground itself opened its mouth to take the blood of the person's brother from his hand.
[GEN.4.12] Because you will work the ground, you will not increase its strength for you; pestilence and fever will be on the earth. [§]
Ki ta'avod et ha'adamah lo-tosef tet-kochah lakh na ve-nad tiheyye baaretz.
'Ki' means 'because', 'ta'avod' means 'you will work', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'adamah' means 'the ground' or 'the soil', 'lo-tosef' means 'you will not increase', 'tet-kochah' means 'its strength', 'lakh' means 'to you', 'na' means 'pestilence', 've-nad' means 'and fever', 'tiheyye' means 'you will be' or 'it will be', 'baaretz' means 'in the land' or 'on the earth'.
[GEN.4.13] And Cain said to Yahveh, My guilt is great beyond my bearing. [§]
Vayomer Kayin el-Yahveh, gadol avoni min-niso.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Kayin' means 'Cain', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal name for YHVH, 'gadol' means 'great', 'avoni' means 'my guilt' or 'my iniquity', 'min' means 'from' or 'beyond', 'niso' (from the root נ-ש-א) means 'bearing' or 'carrying'. The phrase 'gadol avoni min-niso' literally reads 'great is my guilt beyond my bearing'.
[GEN.4.14] Behold, you have driven me today from the face of the earth, and before you I will hide, and I will be a wanderer and a fugitive on the earth, and it will be that everyone who finds me will kill me. [§]
Hen gerashta oti hayom me'al p'nei ha'adamah u'mippanecha esater v'hayiti na ve'nad ba'aretz v'hayah kol-motzi yahargeni.
'Hen' means 'Behold', 'gerashta' means 'you have driven', 'oti' means 'me', 'hayom' means 'today', 'me'al' means 'from', 'p'nei' means 'the face of', 'ha'adamah' means 'the earth', 'u'mippanecha' means 'and before you', 'esater' means 'I will hide', 'v'hayiti' means 'and I will become', 'na' means 'a wanderer', 've'nad' means 'and a fugitive', 'ba'aretz' means 'in the earth', 'v'hayah' means 'and it will be', 'kol-motzi' means 'everyone who finds me', 'yahargeni' means 'will kill me'.
[GEN.4.15] And Yahveh said to him, Therefore anyone who kill Cain shall be repaid sevenfold, and Yahveh set a sign for Cain, that no one who finds him shall strike him. [§]
Vayomer lo Yahveh lakhen kol-horeig Kayin shiv'atayim yukam vayasem Yahveh leKayin ot levilti hakot-oto kol-motz'vo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Yahveh' is the divine name rendered as Yahveh, 'lakhen' means 'therefore', 'kol-horeig' means 'anyone who kills', 'Kayin' is the personal name Cain, 'shiv'atayim' means 'seven times' (sevenfold), 'yukam' means 'shall be taken/repaid', 'vayasem' means 'and he set/placed', 'leKayin' means 'for Cain', 'ot' means 'a sign', 'levilti' means 'that not', 'hakot-oto' means 'to strike him', 'kol-motz'vo' means 'any who finds him'.
[GEN.4.16] And Cain went out from the presence of Yahveh, and dwelt in the land of Nod, east of Eden. [§]
Vayitzeh Kayin milifnei Yahveh vayishev be'eretz Nod kidmat Eden.
'Vayitzeh' means 'and went out', 'Kayin' is the personal name Cain, 'milifnei' means 'from the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayishev' means 'and dwelt', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Nod' is the proper name Nod, 'kidmat' means 'before' or 'east of', and 'Eden' is the proper name Eden.
[GEN.4.17] And Cain knew his wife, and she conceived and bore Enoch; and he built a city and named the city after his son Enoch. [§]
Vayedah Kayin et ishto vatahar vateled et Chanokh vayhi boneh ir vayikra shem ha-ir keshém beno Chanokh.
'Vayedah' means 'and (he) knew', 'Kayin' means 'Cain', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'vatahar' means 'and she conceived', 'vateled' means 'and she bore', the second 'et' again marks the object, 'Chanokh' is the proper name 'Enoch', 'vayhi' means 'and (he) was', 'boneh' means 'building' or 'building a', 'ir' means 'city', 'vayikra' means 'and (he) called', 'shem' means 'name', 'ha‑ir' means 'the city', 'keshém' means 'as the name of', 'beno' means 'his son', and the final 'Chanokh' repeats the name 'Enoch'.
[GEN.4.18] And Lamech begot Irad; and Irad begot Mechuyel; and Mechuyel begot Methushael; and Methushael begot Lamech. [§]
vayivaled lachanoch et irad veirad yalad et mechuyel umechiyel yalad et methushael u-methushael yalad et lamech.
'vayivaled' means 'and (someone) begot' or 'was born'. 'lachanoch' is the name Enoch (the prefix la is a prepositional article here). 'et' is the Hebrew direct‑object marker and is not rendered in English. 'irad' is the personal name Irad. 'veirad' means 'and Irad'. 'yalad' means 'begot'. 'mechuyel' is the personal name Mechuyel. 'umechiyel' means 'and Mechiyel'. 'methushael' is the personal name Methushael. 'u-methushael' means 'and Methushael'. 'lamech' is the personal name Lamech. The verse lists a genealogy: each subject begets the following name.
[GEN.4.19] And Lamech took for himself two wives; the name of the one was Adah, and the name of the other was Zillah. [§]
Vayikach lo Lamech shtei nashim shem haachat Ada ve-shem ha-shenit Tzila.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'lo' means 'for him' or 'for himself', 'Lamech' is a proper name, 'shtei' means 'two', 'nashim' means 'women' (wives), 'shem' means 'name', 'haachat' means 'the first', 'Ada' is a proper name, 've' means 'and', 'shem' again 'name', 'ha-shenit' means 'the second', 'Tzila' is a proper name.
[GEN.4.20] And Adah bore Jabal; he was the father of the tent-dweller and of livestock. [§]
Va teled Ada et Yabal hu hayah avi Yosev ohel u mikneh.
'Va' means 'and', 'teled' means 'bore', 'Ada' is a proper name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yabal' is a proper name, 'hu' means 'he', 'hayah' means 'was', 'avi' means 'father of', 'Yosev' means 'dweller', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'u' means 'and', 'mikneh' means 'livestock'.
[GEN.4.21] And the name of his brother was Yubal. He was the father of all who played the harp and the ugav. [§]
Ve-shem achiv Yubal hu hayah avi kol-tofes kinnor ve-ugav.
'Ve-shem' means 'and the name', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'Yubal' is a personal name, 'hu' means 'he', 'hayah' means 'was', 'avi' means 'father of', 'kol-tofes' means 'all who played' (from the verb 'to play' or 'to strike'), 'kinnor' means 'harp' (a stringed instrument), 've-ugav' means 'and ugav', another type of stringed instrument.
[GEN.4.22] And Zillah also bore Tubal-Cain, a forger of all work in bronze and iron, and the sister of Tubal-Cain is Naamah. [§]
ve-tsilla gam hi yalda et-tubal Kayin lotesh kol-choresh nechoshet u-barzel ve-achot tubal-Kayin naama
've-tsilla' means 'and Zillah', 'gam' means 'also', 'hi' means 'she', 'yalda' means 'bore', 'et-tubal' means 'Tubal', 'Kayin' means 'Cain', 'lotesh' means 'forger' or 'instructor', 'kol-choresh' means 'of all work', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze', 'u-barzel' means 'and iron', 've-achot' means 'and sister', 'tubal-Kayin' means 'Tubal-Cain', 'naama' means 'Naamah'.
[GEN.4.23] And Lemek said to his wives, Ada and Tzillah, 'Listen to my voice! Wives of Lemek, hear my saying, for I have killed a man for my desire and a child for my companionship.' [§]
Vayomer Lemek le-nashav Ada ve-Tzillah shma'an koli neshai Lemek ha'azenah imrati ki ish haragti le-pitsi ve-yeled le-chaburati.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Lemek' is a proper name, 'le-nashav' means 'to his wives', 'Ada' is a female name, 've-Tzillah' means 'and Tzillah', 'shma'an' means 'listen', 'koli' means 'my voice', 'neshai' means 'wives', 'Lemek' again is the name, 'ha'azenah' means 'listen!' (imperative), 'imrati' means 'my saying', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ish' means 'man', 'haragti' means 'I killed', 'le-pitsi' means 'for my desire', 've-yeled' means 'and a child', 'le-chaburati' means 'for my companionship'.
[GEN.4.24] Because Cain shall arise seven times, and his offspring seventy and seven. [§]
Ki shiv'atayim yukam Qayin velemekh shiv'im veshiba.
'Ki' means 'because', 'shiv'atayim' means 'seven times', 'yukam' means 'shall arise' (from the root qam meaning rise), 'Qayin' is the name Cain, 'velemekh' means 'and to his offspring' (ve- = and, le- = to, -mekh = his), 'shiv'im' means 'seventy', and 'veshiba' means 'and seven'.
[GEN.4.25] And Adam knew his wife again, and she gave birth to a son, and called his name Seth, because the Gods appointed for me another offspring in place of Abel, because Cain killed him. [§]
Vayedah Adam od et ishto vateled ben vatikra et-shemo Seth ki shat-li Elohim zera acher tachat Hevel ki harago Kayin.
'Vayedah' means 'and he knew', 'Adam' is the proper name Adam, 'od' means 'again' or 'still', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'vateled' means 'and she gave birth', 'ben' means 'son', 'vatikra' means 'and she called', 'et-shemo' means 'his name', 'Seth' is the proper name Seth, 'ki' means 'because', 'shat-li' (literally 'appointed for me') is a verbal phrase meaning 'has appointed for me', 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods' (plural divine name), 'zera' means 'seed' or 'offspring', 'acher' means 'another', 'tachat' means 'under' or 'in place of', 'Hevel' is the proper name Abel, 'ki' again means 'because', 'harago' means 'he killed', 'Kayin' is the proper name Cain.
[GEN.4.26] And also he was born a son, and he called his name Man; then he began to call in the name Yahveh. [§]
uL'shet gam-hu yullad ben vayikra et-shemo enosh az huchal likro beshem Yahveh.
'uL'shet' means 'and also (to) drink/serve', 'gam-hu' means 'also he', 'yullad ben' means 'was born a son', 'vayikra' means 'and (he) called', 'et-shemo' means 'his name', 'enosh' means 'man' or 'human', 'az' means 'then', 'huchal' means 'began', 'likro' means 'to call', 'beshem' means 'in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH.
GEN.5
[GEN.5.1] This book of the generations of man on the day God created man in the likeness of the Gods made him. [§]
zeh sefer toledot adam beyom beró elohim adam bidmut elohim asah oto.
'zeh' means 'this', 'sefer' means 'book', 'toledot' means 'generations', 'adam' means 'man', 'beyom' means 'in the day', 'bero' (b'ro) means 'created', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), the second 'adam' again means 'man', 'bidmut' means 'in the likeness', the second 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'asah' means 'made', and 'oto' means 'him'. The phrase 'in the day created the Gods' is an idiom for 'the day when God created', so we render it as 'on the day God created' for readability while keeping the literal sense.
[GEN.5.2] Male and female God created them, and God blessed them, and God called their name Adam on the day of their creation. [§]
zachar uneqevah beram vayivarach otam vayikra et shemam adam beyom hiberam
'zachar' means 'male', 'uneqevah' means 'and female', 'beram' means 'he created them', 'vayivarach' means 'and he blessed', 'otam' means 'them', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'et shemam' means 'their name', 'adam' means 'man' (used as a proper name here), 'beyom' means 'on the day', 'hiberam' means 'of their creation'. The pronoun 'he' refers to God, so it is rendered as 'God' in the translation.
[GEN.5.3] And Adam lived one hundred and thirty years, and he fathered in his likeness after his image, and he called his name Seth. [§]
Va yehi Adam shloshim umeah shanah vayoled bidmuto ketsalmo vayikra et-shemo Seth.
'Va' means 'and', 'yehi' means 'lived', 'Adam' is the proper name Adam, 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'umeah' means 'and a hundred', 'shanah' means 'year', forming 'one hundred and thirty years', 'vayoled' means 'and he fathered', 'bidmuto' means 'in his likeness', 'ketsalmo' means 'after his image', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'et-shemo' means 'his name', 'Seth' is the proper name Seth.
[GEN.5.4] And the days of Adam after he fathered Seth were eight hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
Vayihyu yemei-Adam acharei holido et-Shet shmoneh me'ot shana vayoled banim uvanot.
'Vayihyu' means 'and [it] became', 'yemei-Adam' means 'the days of Adam', 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'who fathered', 'et' is a direct object marker (untranslated), 'Shet' is the proper name 'Seth', 'shmoneh' means 'eight', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'shana' means 'year', 'vayoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.5.5] And all the days of man that lived were nine hundred years and thirty years, and he died. [§]
Vayihyu kol-yemei adam asher-chai teshah me'ot shanah ushloshim shanah vayamot.
'Vayihyu' means 'and were', 'kol-yemei' means 'all the days of', 'adam' means 'man', 'asher-chai' means 'that lived', 'teshah' means 'nine', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'shanah' means 'year', 'ushloshim' means 'and thirty', the second 'shanah' again means 'year', and 'vayamat' means 'and he died'.
[GEN.5.6] And Seth lived five hundred years and a hundred years, and he begot Enosh. [§]
Vayechi Seth chamesh shanim u-me'at shanah vayyoled et Enosh.
'Vayechi' means 'and he lived', 'Seth' is the proper name Seth, 'chamesh' means 'five', 'shanim' means 'years', 'u-me'at' means 'and a hundred', 'shanah' means 'year', 'vayyoled' means 'and he begot', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Enosh' is the proper name Enosh.
[GEN.5.7] And Seth lived after he fathered Enosh for seven years and eight hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
Vayechi Seth acharei holido et Enosh sheva shanim ushmoneh me'ot shana vayoled banim uvanot.
'Vayechi' means 'and he lived', 'Seth' is the name of the person, 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he fathered', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Enosh' means 'Enosh', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shanim' means 'years', 'ushmoneh' means 'and eight', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'shana' means 'year', 'vayoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.5.8] And all the days of Seth were twelve years and nine hundred years, and he died. [§]
vayyihyu kol-yemei-shet shteym esreh shana uteshah meot shana vayamot.
'vayyihyu' means 'and it was'; 'kol-yemei-shet' means 'all the days of Seth'; 'shteym esreh' means 'twelve'; 'shana' means 'year(s)'; 'uteshah meot' means 'and nine hundred'; the second 'shana' again means 'year(s)'; 'vayamot' means 'and he died'. Hebrew often lists numbers from the smaller to the larger, so 'twelve years and nine hundred years' equals nine hundred twelve years.
[GEN.5.9] And man lived ninety years, and he begot Kenan. [§]
Vayechi enosh tish'im shanah vayyoled et Keinan.
'Vayechi' means 'and lived', 'enosh' means 'man', 'tish'im' means 'ninety', 'shanah' means 'years', 'vayyoled' means 'and begot', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Keinan' is a proper name.
[GEN.5.10] And Enosh lived after he begot Keinan fifteen years and eight hundred years and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
Va yechi Enosh acharei holido et Keinan chamesh esreh shanah u shemena meot shanah va yored banim u banot.
'Va yechi' means 'And lived', 'Enosh' is a proper name meaning 'Man', 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he begot', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Keinan' is a proper name, 'chamesh esreh' means 'fifteen', 'shanah' means 'years', 'u' means 'and', 'shemena' means 'eight hundred', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'va yored' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'u banot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.5.11] And they were all the days of man, five years and nine hundred years, and he died. [§]
vayihu kol-yemei enosh chamesh shanim utesha meot shana vayamot.
'vayihu' means 'and they were', 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'enosh' means 'man', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'shanim' means 'years', 'utesha' means 'and nine', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'shana' means 'years', 'vayamot' means 'and he died'.
[GEN.5.12] And Keinan lived seventy years, and begot Mahalalel. [§]
Vayechi Keinan shiv'im shanah vayyoled et Mahalalel.
'Vayechi' means 'and lived', 'Keinan' is a personal name, 'shiv'im' means 'seventy', 'shanah' means 'years', 'vayyoled' means 'and begot', 'et' is an accusative particle (not translated), 'Mahalalel' is a personal name.
[GEN.5.13] And Kenan lived after he fathered Praise of God forty years and eight hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
Vayehi Keinan acharai holido et-Mahalaleel arba'im shanah u'shemenah me'ot shanah vayyoled banim uvanot.
'Vayehi' means 'and lived', 'Keinan' is the proper name Keinan, 'acharai' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he fathered', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'Mahalaleel' is a compound name from 'mahalal' meaning 'praise' and 'El' meaning 'God', so it is rendered as 'Praise of God', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'u'' (and) 'shemenah' means 'eight', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', the second 'shanah' again means 'years', 'vayyoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.5.14] And it was the whole period of Keinan: ten years and nine hundred years, and he died. [§]
Vayihu kol-yemei Keinan eser shanim utesha me'ot shana vayamat.
'Vayihu' means 'and it was', 'kol-yemei' means 'all the days of', 'Keinan' is a proper name, 'eser' means 'ten', 'shanim' means 'years', 'utesha' means 'and nine', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'shana' means 'year', 'vayamat' means 'and he died'.
[GEN.5.15] And Mahalaleel lived five years and sixty years, and he begot Yared. [§]
Vayechi Mahalaleel chamesh shanim ve-shishim shana vayyoled et-Yared.
'Vayechi' means 'and he lived', 'Mahalaleel' is a proper name, 'chamesh' means 'five', 'shanim' means 'years', 've-shishim' means 'and sixty', 'shana' means 'year', 'vayyoled' means 'and he fathered' or 'begot', 'et-Yared' indicates the person Yared as the object of the verb.
[GEN.5.16] And Mahallel lived after he begot Yered for thirty years and eight hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
Vayechi Mahallel acharei holido et-yered shloshim shanah ushmoneh meot shanah vayoled banim uvanot.
'Vayechi' means 'and lived', 'Mahallel' is a personal name, 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he begot him', 'et-yered' means 'Yered (a name)', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'shanah' means 'year', 'ushmoneh' means 'and eight', 'meot' means 'hundred', the second 'shanah' again means 'year', 'vayoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.5.17] And all the days of Mahale God were five and ninety years and eight hundred years, and he died. [§]
vayiheyu kol-yemei MahaleGod chamesh ve-tish'im shana u-shmoneh me'ot shana vayamot.
'vayiheyu' means 'and it was', 'kol-yemei' means 'all the days of', 'MahaleGod' is the name Mahaleel with 'El' translated literally as 'God', 'chamesh ve-tish'im shana' means 'five and ninety years' (95 years), 'u-shmoneh me'ot shana' means 'and eight hundred years', 'vayamot' means 'and he died'.
[GEN.5.18] And Jared lived two and sixty years, and a hundred years, and begot Enoch. [§]
Va-yechi-yeh Yered shtayim ve-shishim shanah u-me'ah shanah va-yoled et Chanokh.
'Va-yechi-yeh' means 'and lived', 'Yered' is the name 'Jared', 'shtayim ve-shishim' means 'two and sixty' (62), 'shanah' means 'years', 'u-me'ah' means 'and a hundred', 'va-yoled' means 'and begot', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Chanokh' is the name 'Enoch'.
[GEN.5.19] And Jared lived after he fathered Enoch eight hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
Va yehi-yered acharei holido et-chanokh shmoneh me'ot shana vayoled banim uvanot.
'Va' means 'and', 'yehi-yered' means 'Jared lived', 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he fathered', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no translation), 'chanokh' is the name 'Enoch' (translated literally as the name), 'shmoneh' means 'eight', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', together 'shmoneh me'ot' = 'eight hundred', 'shana' means 'years', 'vayoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.5.20] All the days of Yered were two and sixty years and nine hundred years, and he died. [§]
Vayihyu kol-yemei-Yered shtayim ve-shishim shanah utesha meot shanah vayamot.
'Vayihyu' means 'and they were', 'kol-yemei-Yered' means 'all the days of Yered', 'shtayim' means 'two', 've-shishim' means 'and sixty', 'shanah' means 'year' (singular), 'utesha' means 'and nine', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'shanah' (repeated) means 'years', 'vayamot' means 'and he died'.
[GEN.5.21] And Enoch lived five and sixty years, and begot Methuselah. [§]
Vayechi Chanokh chamesh ve'shishim shanah vayyoled et-Metushalach.
'Vayechi' means 'and lived', 'Chanokh' is the personal name Enoch, 'chamesh' means 'five', 've' means 'and', 'shishim' means 'sixty', 'shanah' means 'year', 'vayyoled' means 'and fathered', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Metushalach' is the personal name Methuselah.
[GEN.5.22] And Chanokh walked with the Gods after he begot Methuselah three hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters. [§]
Vayyithalech Chanokh et-haElohim achar Holid-o et-Methuselah shlosh meot shanah vayyo led banim uvanot.
'Vayyithalech' means 'and walked', 'Chanokh' is a proper name, 'et-haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of 'Elohim'), 'achar' means 'after', 'Holid-o' means 'he begot him' (referring to Methuselah), 'et-Methuselah' is the name 'Methuselah', 'shlosh' means 'three', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'shanah' means 'years', 'vayyoloed' (here rendered as 'vayyo led') means 'and he begot', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.5.23] All the days of Enoch were three hundred and sixty‑five years. [§]
Vayehi kol-yemei Chanokh chamesh ve-shishim shanah u-shelosh meot shanah.
Vayehi means 'and it was'; kol-yemei means 'all the days of'; Chanokh is the name Enoch; chamesh ve-shishim means 'five and sixty' (the idiom for sixty‑five); shanah means 'year'; u-shelosh means 'and three'; meot means 'hundred'; shanah again means 'years'. The phrase 'five and sixty years and three hundred years' is a Hebrew idiom that adds the two numbers to give a total of three hundred sixty‑five years.
[GEN.5.24] And Chanokh walked the Gods, and he is not, because the Gods took him. [§]
Vayithalek Chanokh et haElohim ve'einenhu ki-lakah oto Elohim.
'Vayithalek' means 'and he walked', 'Chanokh' is a proper name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 've'einenhu' means 'and he is not', 'ki' means 'because', 'lakah' means 'took', 'oto' means 'him', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'.
[GEN.5.25] And Metushelach lived seven and eight years and a hundred years, and he begot Lamech. [§]
Va yehi Metushelach sheva u'shmona shana u'me'at shana va yoled et Lamech.
'Va' means 'and', 'yehi' means 'he lived', 'Metushelach' is a proper name, 'sheva' means 'seven', 'u' means 'and', 'shmona' means 'eight', 'shana' means 'year' (singular), 'u' means 'and', 'me'at' means 'a hundred', 'shana' again means 'year', 'va' means 'and', 'yoled' means 'he begot', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Lamech' is a proper name.
[GEN.5.26] And Methuselah lived after he fathered Lamech two hundred fifty‑two years, and he had sons and daughters. [§]
Va-yechi Metuselah acharay holido et Lemech shtei u-shmonim shanah u-sheva me'ot shanah vayoled banim u-vanot.
'Va-yechi' means 'and lived', 'Metuselah' is the name Methuselah, 'acharay' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he fathered' (literally 'he begot'), 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Lemech' is the name Lamech, 'shtei' means 'two', 'u-shmonim' means 'and eight', 'shanah' means 'year', 'u-sheva' means 'and seven', 'me'ot' means 'hundreds', another 'shanah' again 'year', 'vayoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'u-vanot' means 'and daughters'. The phrase 'shtei u-shmonim shanah u-sheva me'ot shanah' is an idiomatic Hebrew way of stating a total age: two (units) plus eight (tens) plus seven hundred (hundreds) equals two hundred fifty‑two years. Hence the whole clause translates to the known genealogical figure of 252 years after Lamech’s birth.
[GEN.5.27] And all the days of Metushelach were nine and sixty years, and nine hundred years, and he died. [§]
Vayihyu kol-yemei Metushelach tesha ve-shishim shana u-tesha meot shana vayamot.
'Vayihyu' means 'and were', 'kol-yemei' means 'all the days of', 'Metushelach' is a proper name, 'tesha' means 'nine', 've-shishim' means 'and sixty', 'shana' means 'year', 'u-tesha' means 'and nine', 'meot' means 'hundred', the second 'shana' again means 'year', 'vayamot' means 'and he died'.
[GEN.5.28] Lamech lived twenty‑eight years and a hundred years, and he fathered a son. [§]
Vaychi lemech shetayim ushmonim shanah umeat shanah vayyoled ben.
'Vaychi' means 'and he lived', 'lemech' is the proper name Lamech, 'shetayim' means 'two', 'ushmonim' means 'and eight' (together forming the idiom for twenty‑eight), 'shanah' means 'year', 'umeat' means 'and a hundred', another 'shanah' means 'year', 'vayyoled' means 'and he fathered', 'ben' means 'a son'.
[GEN.5.29] And he called his name Noah, saying, This will comfort us from our work and from the sorrow of our hands from the ground that Yahveh created. [§]
Vayikra et-shemo Noach lemor ze yenachamenu mimmaasenu u-meitzvon yadeinu min haadamah asher errat Yahveh.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shemo' means 'his name', 'Noach' is the personal name 'Noah', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'ze' means 'this', 'yenachamenu' means 'will comfort us', 'mimmaseinu' means 'from our work', 'u-meitzvon' means 'and from the sorrow', 'yadeinu' means 'of our hands', 'min' means 'from', 'haadamah' means 'the ground', 'asher' means 'that', 'errat' means 'He created', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[GEN.5.30] Lamech lived after he fathered Noah five and ninety years, and five hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
vayehi lemech acharei holido et-noach chamesh ve-tishim shanah va-chamesh meot shanah vayyoled banim uvanot.
'vayehi' means 'and he lived', 'lemech' means 'Lamech', 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he fathered', 'et-noach' means 'Noah', 'chamesh' means 'five', 've-tishim' means 'and ninety', 'shanah' means 'year', 'va-chamesh' means 'and five', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'shanah' again 'year', 'vayyoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.5.31] And all the days of Lamech were seven and seventy years, and seven hundred years, and he died. [§]
va yehi kol yemei lemekh sheva ve shivim shanah u sheva meot shanah va yamot
'va' means 'and', 'yehi' means 'it was', 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'the days of', 'lemekh' is the proper name Lamech, 'sheva' means 'seven', 've' means 'and', 'shivim' means 'seventy', 'shanah' means 'year', 'u' means 'and', 'sheva' again means 'seven', 'meot' means 'hundred', the second 'shanah' again means 'year', and 'va yamot' means 'and he died'. The final isolated 'S' in the Hebrew line is a scribal marginal note and not part of the text.
[GEN.5.32] And Noah was five hundred years old, and Noah begot Shem, Ham, and Japheth. [§]
Vayehi-Noach ben-chamesh meot shana vayoyeled Noach et-shem et-cham ve-et-yaphet.
'Vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'Noach' is the name Noah, 'ben' literally 'son' used idiomatically for 'was', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'shana' means 'year(s)', 'vayoyeled' means 'and begot', 'et' is the accusative particle marking the direct object, 'shem' is the name Shem, 'cham' is the name Ham, 've' means 'and', 'yaphet' is the name Japheth.
GEN.6
[GEN.6.1] And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, daughters were born to them. [§]
Vayehi ki-hecheil haadam larov al-penei haadamah uvanot yuldu lahem.
"Vayehi" means "And it came to pass", "ki" means "when" or "that", "hecheil" means "began", "haadam" means "the man" or "human", "larov" means "to increase" or "multiply", "al-penei" means "on the face of", "haadamah" means "the earth", "uvanot" means "and daughters", "yuldu" means "were born", "lahem" means "to them".
[GEN.6.2] The sons of the Gods saw the daughters of humankind, for they were good, and they took wives for themselves from all that they chose. [§]
Vayiru b'nei haElohim et-b'not haAdam ki tovot henna vayikchu lahem nashim mikol asher bacharu.
'Vayiru' means 'they saw', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'b'not' means 'the daughters of', 'haAdam' means 'the man' or 'humankind', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'tovot' means 'good' (literally 'good ones'), 'henna' means 'they are', 'vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'lahem' means 'for themselves', 'nashim' means 'women' or 'wives', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'bacharu' means 'they chose'. The phrase 'sons of the Gods' is rendered literally as 'the sons of the Gods' following the rule that 'Elohim' translates to 'the Gods'.
[GEN.6.3] And Yahveh said, My spirit will not endure in man forever, in shagum he is flesh, and his days will be one hundred and twenty years. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh lo-yadon ruhi ba'adam le'olam, be'shagam hu basar, ve'hayu yamav me'ah ve'esrim shana.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lo-yadon' means 'will not endure' (from the verb yadun 'to endure, last'), 'ruhi' means 'my spirit', 'ba'adam' means 'in man', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'be'shagam' means 'in shagum' (a term here taken as a literal noun), 'hu' means 'he', 'basar' means 'flesh', 've'hayu' means 'and will be', 'yamav' means 'his days', 'me'ah' means 'one hundred', 've'esrim' means 'and twenty', 'shana' means 'years'.
[GEN.6.4] The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterwards, when the sons of the Gods came to the daughters of man and they bore them, they were the mighty ones who were of old, men of the name. [§]
ha-nefilim hayu baaretz bayamim hahem vegam acharayn ken asher yavohu bnei haElohim el-bnot haadam veyaldhu lahem hem hagibborim asher meolam anshei hashem.
'ha-nefilim' means 'the Nephilim', 'hayu' means 'were', 'baaretz' means 'on the earth', 'bayamim' means 'in the days', 'hahem' means 'those', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'acharayn' means 'afterward', 'ken' means 'then', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yavohu' means 'they came', 'bnei' means 'sons', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'el' means 'to', 'bnot' means 'daughters', 'haadam' means 'of man', 'veyaldhu' means 'and they bore', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'hem' means 'they', 'hagibborim' means 'the mighty ones', 'asher' means 'who', 'meolam' means 'from eternity' or 'of old', 'anshei' means 'men', 'hashem' means 'of the name'.
[GEN.6.5] And Yahveh saw that the evil of humanity was great on the earth, and that every desire of his heart's thoughts was only evil all the day. [§]
Vayar Yahveh ki raba ra'at haadam baaretz vechol-yetsar machshvot libo rak ra kol-hayom.
'Vayar' means 'And saw', 'Yahveh' means the divine name Yahveh, 'ki' means 'that', 'raba' means 'great' or 'much', 'ra'at' means 'evil' or 'wickedness', 'haadam' means 'the man' or 'humanity', 'baaretz' means 'on the earth', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'yetsar' means 'desire' or 'inclination', 'machshvot' means 'thoughts' or 'plans', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'rak' means 'only', 'ra' means 'evil', 'kol' means 'all', 'hayom' means 'the day' or 'the time'.
[GEN.6.6] And Yahveh regretted because he had made man on the earth, and he was angry in his heart. [§]
Vayinachem Yahveh ki-asah et-haadam baaretz vayita'atzav el-libbo.
'Vayinachem' means 'and (he) repented/was sorry', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'asah' means 'made', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'haadam' means 'the man' (human), 'baaretz' means 'on the earth', 'vayita'atzav' means 'and (he) became angry/grieved', 'el' means 'to/against', 'libbo' means 'his heart'.
[GEN.6.7] Yahveh said I will erase the man I created from the face of the ground, from man to beast, to creeping thing, and to the bird of the heavens, because I have repented because I made them. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh emcheh et-ha'adam asher-barati me'al p'nei ha'adamah me'adam ad-behemah ad-remes ve'ad-of hashamaim ki nichamti ki asitem.
'Vayomer' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the divine name, 'emcheh' means 'I will erase', 'et' is a particle marking the object, 'ha'adam' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'barati' means 'I created', 'me'al' means 'from above' or 'from the face of', 'p'nei' means 'the face of', 'ha'adamah' means 'the ground', 'me'adam' means 'from man', 'ad-behemah' means 'to beast', 'ad-remes' means 'to creeping thing', 've'ad-of' means 'and to bird', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens', 'ki' means 'because', 'nichamti' means 'I have repented' or 'I am sorry', 'ki' again means 'because', 'asitem' means 'I made them'.
[GEN.6.8] And Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahveh. [§]
VeNoach matza chen be'einei Yahveh.
'Ve' means 'and', 'Noach' is the proper name 'Noah', 'matza' means 'found', 'chen' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[GEN.6.9] These are the generations of Noah. Noah was a righteous man, blameless among his generations; Noah walked with the Gods. [§]
Eleh toledot Noach Noach ish tsaddik tamim haya be-dorotav et haElohim hi-tehalekh Noach.
'Eleh' means 'These', 'toledot' means 'generations', 'Noach' is the proper name 'Noah', the second 'Noach' repeats the name, 'ish' means 'man', 'tsaddik' means 'righteous', 'tamim' means 'blameless', 'haya' means 'was', 'be-dorotav' means 'among his generations', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'hi-tehalekh' means 'walked with', and the final 'Noach' repeats the subject 'Noah'.
[GEN.6.10] And Noah fathered three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. [§]
Vayyoled Noach shlosha banim et Shem et Cham ve et Yapheth.
'Vayyoled' means 'and [he] fathered', 'Noach' is the proper name Noah, 'shlosha' means 'three', 'banim' means 'sons', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Shem' is a proper name, 'Cham' is a proper name, 've' means 'and', the second 'et' is another direct‑object marker, and 'Yapheth' is a proper name.
[GEN.6.11] And the earth was corrupted before the Gods and the earth was filled with violence. [§]
Va-tishachet haaretz lifnei haelohim va-timale haaretz chamas.
'Va' means 'and', 'tishachet' means 'was corrupted', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods', 'va' means 'and', 'timale' means 'was filled', 'chamas' means 'violence'.
[GEN.6.12] The Gods saw the earth, and behold it was corrupted, because the Gods corrupted all flesh in its way upon the earth. [§]
vayar Elohim et haaretz vehineh nishchatah ki hishchit kol basar et darko al haaretz
'vayar' means 'and saw', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is the direct object marker (no translation), 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 've' means 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'nishchatah' means 'it was corrupted', 'ki' means 'because', 'hishchit' means 'the Gods corrupted', 'kol' means 'all', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'et' again is a marker, 'darko' means 'its way', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.6.13] The Gods said to Noah, the end of all flesh has come before me, because the earth is filled with violence from them, and behold I will destroy them the earth. [§]
Va yomar Elohim leNoach kets kol-basar ba lefanai ki-maleh haaretz chamas mipneihem ve-hineni mashchitam et-haaretz.
'Va' means 'And', 'yomar' means 'said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (per literal rule), 'leNoach' means 'to Noah', 'kets' means 'the end', 'kol-basar' means 'all flesh', 'ba' means 'has come', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'ki' means 'because', 'maleh' means 'full', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'chamas' means 'violence', 'mipneihem' means 'from them', 've-hineni' means 'and behold I', 'mashchitam' means 'will destroy them', 'et-haaretz' means 'the earth'. The divine name Elohim is rendered as "the Gods" rather than the singular "God" to follow the prescribed literal translation of divine titles.
[GEN.6.14] Make for yourself a chest of cypress wood, (with) acorns; you shall make the chest and cover it inside and outside with pitch. [§]
ase lecha tevat etzei gofer kinim tashe et-hateva ve kafaratah ota mibbayit u michutz ba kafar
'ase' means 'make', 'lecha' means 'for yourself', 'tevat' means 'a chest or box', 'etzei' means 'of', 'gofer' means 'cypress (or gopher) wood', 'kinim' is a difficult word often rendered 'acorns' or 'shavings', 'tashe' means 'you shall make', 'et-hateva' means 'the chest', 've' means 'and', 'kafaratah' means 'you shall cover it', 'ota' means 'it', 'mibbayit' means 'inside', 'u' means 'and', 'michutz' means 'outside', 'ba' means 'with', 'kafar' means 'pitch'.
[GEN.6.15] And this is what you shall make it: three hundred cubits the length of the ark, fifty cubits its width, and thirty cubits its height. [§]
veze asher taaseh otah shlosh meot amah orekh hatteva chamishim amah rachbah veshloshim amah komatah.
'veze' means 'and this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'taaseh' means 'you shall make', 'otah' means 'it' (feminine object), 'shlosh' means 'three', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'amah' means 'cubit(s)', 'orekh' means 'length', 'hatteva' means 'the ark', 'chamishim' means 'fifty', 'rachbah' means 'its width', 'veshloshim' means 'and thirty', 'komatah' means 'its height'.
[GEN.6.16] Make a chest and its cover from above, and place the opening of the chest on its side; make two lower parts and three upper parts for it. [§]
Tzo har ta'aseh latteva ve'el amma tekhalena milmala u'petach hatteva b'tsidah tashim tachtiyim sheniyim ushlishim ta'aseha.
'Tzo har' means 'you shall make'; 'ta'aseh' means 'make'; 'latteva' means 'a chest'; 've'el' means 'and the'; 'amma' means 'cover'; 'tekhalena' means 'you shall make it'; 'milmala' means 'from above'; 'u'petach' means 'and the opening'; 'hatteva' means 'of the chest'; 'b'tsidah' means 'on its side'; 'tashim' means 'you shall place'; 'tachtiyim' means 'two lower'; 'sheniyim' means 'two'; 'ushlishim' means 'and three'; 'ta'aseha' means 'you shall make it'.
[GEN.6.17] And I, behold, I bring the flood, waters upon the earth, to destroy all flesh that has the breath of life from under the heavens; all that is on the earth shall be destroyed. [§]
va'ani hineni mevi et-hammabul mayim al-haaretz lesacheth kol-basar asher bo ruach chayyim mitachat hashamaim kol asher baaretz yigva.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'hineni' means 'behold, here I am', 'mevi' means 'bring', 'et-hammabul' means 'the flood', 'mayim' means 'waters', 'al-haaretz' means 'upon the earth', 'lesacheth' means 'to destroy', 'kol-basar' means 'all flesh', 'asher' means 'that', 'bo' means 'in it', 'ruach chayyim' means 'the breath of life', 'mitachat' means 'under', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens', 'kol asher' means 'all that', 'baaretz' means 'on the earth', 'yigva' means 'shall be destroyed'.
[GEN.6.18] And I will establish my covenant with you, and you will go to the ark, you, your sons, your wife, and the wives of your sons with you. [§]
vaheqimoti et-beriti ittach uvata el-hateva atta uvanecha veishtcha unshtei-banecha ittach.
'vaheqimoti' means 'and I will establish', 'et-beriti' means 'my covenant', 'ittach' means 'with you', 'uvata' means 'and you will go', 'el-hateva' means 'to the ark', 'atta' means 'you', 'uvanecha' means 'and your sons', 'veishtcha' means 'and your wife', 'unshtei-banecha' means 'and the wives of your sons', 'ittach' (again) means 'with you'.
[GEN.6.19] And from all the living, from all flesh, two of every kind you will bring to the ark to keep alive with you; they will be male and female. [§]
U-mikkal ha-chai mikkal basar shenayim mikol taviy el ha-tevah le-hakhyot itach zakhar u-nekevah yihyu.
'U' means 'and', 'mikkal' means 'from all', 'ha-chai' means 'the living', 'mikkal' again means 'from all', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'shenayim' means 'two', 'mikol' means 'of every', 'taviy' means 'you will bring', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-tevah' means 'the ark', 'le-hakhyot' means 'to keep alive', 'itach' means 'with you' (masc.), 'zakhar' means 'male', 'u' means 'and', 'nek evah' means 'female', 'yihyu' means 'they will be'.
[GEN.6.20] From the bird according to its kind and from the beast according to its kind, from all the creeping things of the ground according to its kind, two of each will come to you for sustenance. [§]
Mehaof leminahu umin-habehema leminah mikol remes haadamah leminahu shenayim mikol yavo u eilecha lechayot
'Mehaof' means 'from the bird', 'leminahu' means 'according to its kind', 'umin-habehema' means 'from the beast', 'leminah' means 'according to its kind', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'remes' means 'creeping thing', 'haadamah' means 'of the ground', 'leminahu' repeats 'according to its kind', 'shenayim' means 'two', 'mikol' again 'of each', 'yavo' means 'will come', 'eilecha' means 'to you', 'lechayot' means 'for sustenance' or 'to feed'.
[GEN.6.21] And you take for yourself from all the food that will be eaten, and you gather it to yourself, and it will be for you and for them for food. [§]
ve'ata kach-lekha mikol-ma'achal asher ye'achel ve'asaptah eilekha vehayah lekha velahhem le'akhlah.
've'ata' means 'and you', 'kach' means 'take', 'lekha' means 'for yourself', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'ma'achal' means 'food' or 'what is eaten', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ye'achel' means 'will be eaten', 've'asaptah' means 'and you will gather it', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'vehayah' means 'and it will be', 'lekha' means 'for you', 'velahhem' means 'and for them', 'le'akhlah' means 'as food' or 'for eating'.
[GEN.6.22] And Noah did as all that the Gods commanded him, so he did. [§]
Vayyaas Noach kechol asher tzivah oto Elohim ken asah.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he did', 'Noach' means 'Noah', 'kechol' means 'as all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'oto' means 'him', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ken' means 'so/thus', 'asah' means 'did'.
GEN.7
[GEN.7.1] And Yahveh said to Noah, Come you and all your household to the ark, for I have seen you righteous before me in this generation. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh leNoach bo-atah vechol-beitecha el-hateiva ki otcha ra'iti tzaddik lefanai ba-dor ha-zeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'leNoach' means 'to Noah', 'bo-atah' means 'come you', 'vechol-beitecha' means 'and all your household', 'el-hateiva' means 'to the ark', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'otcha' means 'you', 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'ba-dor' means 'in the generation', 'ha-zeh' means 'this'.
[GEN.7.2] From all the clean animals take for yourself seven each, a male and its female, and from the unclean animals, two each, a male and its female. [§]
MiKol haBehemah haTehorah tiKach lecha shivah shivah ish ve'ishto uMin haBehemah asher lo tehorah hi shenayim ish ve'ishto.
'MiKol' means 'from all', 'haBehemah' means 'the animals', 'haTehorah' means 'the clean', 'tiKach' means 'you shall take', 'lecha' means 'for yourself', 'shivah' means 'seven', repeated for emphasis, 'ish' means 'man' i.e., 'male', 've'ishto' means 'and its wife' i.e., 'female', 'uMin' means 'and from', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lo' means 'not', 'tehorah' means 'clean', 'hi' means 'it is', 'shenayim' means 'two'.
[GEN.7.3] Also from the wing of the heavens, seven, seven, male and female, for living offspring upon the face of all the earth. [§]
Gam meof ha shammayim shiva shiva zakar ve nekevah lechayot zera al pnei kol ha aretz.
'Gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'meof' means 'from the wing', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'shammayim' means 'heavens', 'shiva' means 'seven', repeated for emphasis, 'zakar' means 'male', 've' means 'and', 'nekevah' means 'female', 'lechayot' means 'for living (creatures)', 'zera' means 'seed' or 'offspring', 'al' means 'upon', 'pnei' means 'the face of', 'kol' means 'all' or 'the whole', 'ha' is 'the', 'aretz' means 'earth'.
[GEN.7.4] For the days still seven I will rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights and I will wipe out all the living that I have made from the face of the earth. [§]
Ki le-yamim od shiva anochi mam'tir al ha-aretz arba'im yom ve-arba'im laila ve-machiti et kol ha-yequm asher asiti me'al pnei ha-adamah.
'Ki' means 'for', 'le-yamim' means 'the days', 'od' means 'still' or 'yet', 'shiva' means 'seven', 'anochi' means 'I', 'mam'tir' means 'will rain', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'yom' means 'days', 've' means 'and', 'arba'im' again 'forty', 'laila' means 'nights', 've-machiti' means 'and I will wipe out', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-yequm' means 'the living' (living beings), 'asher' means 'that', 'asiti' means 'I have made', 'me'al' means 'from', 'pnei' means 'the face of', 'ha-adamah' means 'the ground' or 'the earth'.
[GEN.7.5] And Noah did all that Yahveh commanded him. [§]
Vayyaas Noach kechol asher tzivahu Yahveh.
'Vayyaas' means 'and (he) did', 'Noach' means 'Noah', 'kechol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that' or 'what', 'tzivahu' means 'commanded him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[GEN.7.6] And Noah was six hundred years old, and the flood was water upon the earth. [§]
veNoach ben-sheesh meot shanah veha-mabul haya mayim al-haaretz.
've' means 'and', 'Noach' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'sheesh' means 'six', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'shanah' means 'years' (here indicating age), 've' again means 'and', 'ha-mabul' means 'the flood', 'haya' means 'was', 'mayim' means 'water' or 'waters', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.7.7] And Noah went, and his sons, and his wife, and the wives of his sons with him to the ark because of the waters of the flood. [§]
vayyavo Noach uvanav vishto uneshai-vanav itto el hateiva mipnei mei ha-mabul.
'vayyavo' means 'and came/goes', 'Noach' is the proper name Noah, 'uvanav' means 'and his sons', 'vishto' means 'and his wife', 'uneshai-vanav' means 'and the wives of his sons', 'itto' means 'with him', 'el' means 'to', 'hateiva' means 'the ark', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'mei' means 'waters', 'ha-mabul' means 'the flood'.
[GEN.7.8] From the clean beast, and from the beast that is not clean, and from the bird and all that creeps upon the ground. [§]
Min ha-behemah ha-tehorah u-min ha-behemah asher einah tehorah u-min ha-oref ve-chol asher-romes al ha-adamah.
'Min' means 'from', 'ha-behemah' means 'the animal' or 'the beast', 'ha-tehorah' means 'the clean', 'u-min' means 'and from', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'einah' means 'is not', 'tehorah' means 'clean', 'ha-oref' means 'the bird', 've-chol' means 'and all', 'asher-romes' means 'that creeps' or 'that crawls', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha-adamah' means 'the ground'.
[GEN.7.9] Two by two they came to Noah to the ark, male and female, as the Gods commanded Noah. [§]
shnayim shnayim balu el-Noach el-hateva zachar uneqevah ka'asher tzivah Elohim et-Noach.
'shnayim' means 'two'; repeated as 'shnayim shnayim' to express the idiom 'two by two'. 'balu' means 'they came' or 'they entered'. 'el-Noach' means 'to Noah' (the preposition 'el' = 'to' plus the name Noach). 'el-hateva' means 'to the ark' (the article 'ha' = 'the' + 'teva' = 'ark'). 'zachar' means 'male'. 'uneqevah' means 'and female' ('u' = 'and'). 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as'. 'tzivah' means 'commanded'. 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods' per the literal rule for this divine name. 'et-Noach' is the object marker 'et' plus the name Noach, indicating Noah as the object of the command.
[GEN.7.10] And it was after seven days, and the waters of the flood were upon the earth. [§]
Vayehi leshivat hayamim u-mei hamabbul hayu al haaretz.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'leshivat' means 'after seven', 'hayamim' means 'days', 'u-mei' means 'and the waters', 'hamabbul' means 'of the flood', 'hayu' means 'were', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.7.11] In the six hundredth year of the life of Noah, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the springs of the great deep were broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. [§]
Bishnat shesh meot shana lechayei Noach ba chodesh ha sheni be shiva asar yom la chodesh ba yom ha zeh nivkeu kol maeynoth tehom rabbah ve aruvot ha shamayim niftachu.
'Bishnat' means 'in the year of', 'shesh meot' means 'six hundred', 'shana' means 'year', 'lechayei' means 'of the life of', 'Noach' is the name 'Noah', 'ba' means 'in', 'chodesh' means 'month', 'ha sheni' means 'the second', 'be' means 'on', 'shiva asar' means 'seventeen', 'yom' means 'day', 'la chodesh' means 'of the month', 'ba yom ha zeh' means 'on that day', 'nivkeu' means 'were broken up', 'kol' means 'all', 'maeynoth' means 'springs/fountains', 'tehom' means 'the deep', 'rabbah' means 'great', 've' means 'and', 'aruvot' means 'windows', 'ha shamayim' means 'the heavens/heaven', 'niftachu' means 'were opened'.
[GEN.7.12] And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights. [§]
vayehi hageshem al haaretz arba'im yom ve'arba'im layla.
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'hageshem' means 'the rain', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'yom' means 'days', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'arba'im' again means 'forty', 'layla' means 'nights'.
[GEN.7.13] On that very day Noah and Shem and Ham and Japheth the sons of Noah and Noah's wife and the three wives of his sons went with them into the Ark. [§]
be'etzem ha'yom ha'zeh ba Noah veShem veCham vaYafet b'nei Noah ve'eshet Noah u'shloshet neshei banav itam el haTeva.
'be'etzem' means 'at exactly', 'ha'yom' means 'the day', 'ha'zeh' means 'this', 'ba' means 'came', 'Noah' is a proper name, 'veShem' means 'and Shem', 'veCham' means 'and Ham', 'vaYafet' means 'and Japheth', 'b'nei Noah' means 'the sons of Noah', 've'eshet Noah' means 'and Noah's wife', 'u'shloshet neshei banav' means 'and the three wives of his sons', 'itam' means 'with them', 'el haTeva' means 'to the Ark'.
[GEN.7.14] They and every living thing according to its kind, and every beast according to its kind, and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth according to its kind, and every bird according to its kind, every winged bird. [§]
Hemmah vechol hachayah leminah vechol habehemah leminah vechol ha'remes ha'romes al ha'aretz leminehu vechol ha'of leminehu kol tzipor kol kanaf.
'Hemmah' means 'they' (referring to the created creatures); 'vechol' means 'and every'; 'hachayah' means 'the living thing'; 'leminah' means 'according to its kind'; 'habehemah' means 'the beast'; 'ha'remes' means 'the creeping thing'; 'ha'romes' means 'that creeps'; 'al ha'aretz' means 'upon the earth'; 'leminehu' means 'according to its kind' (for each noun); 'ha'of' means 'the bird'; 'kol tzipor' means 'every bird'; 'kol kanaf' means 'every wing' (idiomatically 'all winged birds').
[GEN.7.15] And they came to Noah to the ark two by two from all the living flesh that was in it the spirit of life. [§]
Vayyavo'u el-Noach el-hatevah shenayim shenayim mikol-havasar asher-bo ruach chayim.
'Vayyavo'u' means 'and they came', 'el' means 'to', 'Noach' is the name 'Noah', 'el' means 'to' again, 'hatevah' means 'the ark', 'shenayim' means 'two', repeated for emphasis 'two by two', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'havasar' means 'the flesh' (living creatures), 'asher' means 'that', 'bo' means 'in it', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'chayim' means 'life'.
[GEN.7.16] And those who came, male and female from all flesh, came as the Gods commanded him, and Yahveh shut him in his presence. [§]
vehabba'im zakar uneqevah mikol-basar ba'u ka'asher tzivah oto elohim vayisgor yahveh ba'ado.
'vehabba'im' means 'and those who came', 'zakar' means 'male', 'uneqevah' means 'and female', 'mikol-basar' means 'from all flesh', 'ba'u' means 'came', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'oto' means 'him', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'vayisgor' means 'and he shut/closed', 'yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'ba'ado' means 'in his presence'.
[GEN.7.17] And it was the flood for forty days upon the earth, and the waters increased, and they lifted the ark, and it rose up from the earth. [§]
Vayehi ha-mabbul arba'im yom al ha-aretz vayirbu ha-mayim vayisa'u et ha-tevah vataram me'al ha-aretz.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'ha-mabbul' means 'the flood', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'yom' means 'days', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'vayirbu' means 'and the waters increased', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters', 'vayisa'u' means 'and they lifted', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'ha-tevah' means 'the ark', 'vataram' means 'and it rose up', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.7.18] And the waters grew and multiplied greatly upon the earth, and the ark went upon the surface of the waters. [§]
Vayyigberu hamayim vayyirbu meod al haaretz vateilech hatteva al-penei hamayim.
'Vayyigberu' means 'and the waters grew', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'vayyirbu' means 'and they multiplied', 'meod' means 'greatly', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'vateilech' means 'and the ark went', 'hatteva' means 'the ark', 'al-penei' means 'upon the surface of', 'hamayim' means 'the waters'.
[GEN.7.19] And the waters rose very, very high over the earth, and they covered all the high mountains that are under all the heavens. [§]
Veha mayim gavoru meod meod al haaretz vayekhusu kol heharim hagvohim asher tachat kol hashamaim.
'Veha' means 'and the', 'mayim' means 'waters', 'gavoru' means 'became great' or 'rose high', 'meod meod' means 'very very', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'vayekhusu' means 'and covered', 'kol' means 'all', 'heharim' means 'the mountains', 'hagvohim' means 'the high', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'tachat' means 'under', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens'.
[GEN.7.20] Fifteen cubits upward, the waters rose and the mountains were covered. [§]
chamesh esreh ama milmala gavru hamayim veyechusu heharim.
'chamesh' means 'five', 'esreh' means 'ten', together 'chamesh esreh' means 'fifteen'. 'ama' means 'cubit' (a unit of length). 'milmala' means 'from above' or 'upward'. 'gavru' means 'they rose' or 'they increased'. 'hamayim' means 'the waters'. 'veyechusu' means 'and they were covered' or 'and they became concealed'. 'heharim' means 'the mountains'.
[GEN.7.21] And all flesh that moves upon the earth, the bird, the beast, the living creature, and all the creeping thing that creeps upon the earth, and all mankind. [§]
Vayigva kol-basar haromes al haaretz baof uvehemah uvehayya uvekhol-hasheretz hashorets al haaretz vekol haadam.
'Vayigva' means 'And [it] brought forth', 'kol-basar' means 'all flesh', 'haromes' means 'that moves or creeps', 'al haaretz' means 'upon the earth', 'baof' means 'the bird', 'uvehemah' means 'and the beast', 'uvehayya' means 'and the living creature', 'uvekhol-hasheretz' means 'and all the creeping thing', 'hashorets' means 'that creeps', 'vekol haadam' means 'and all mankind'.
[GEN.7.22] All that is the breath of the living spirit in his anger, from all that is in desolation died. [§]
Kol asher nishmat-ruach chayyim be'apiy mikol asher becharabah metu.
'Kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which' or 'what', 'nishmat-ruach' means 'breath of spirit', 'chayyim' means 'living' or 'life', 'be'apiy' means 'in his anger', 'mikol' means 'from all', the second 'asher' again means 'that which', 'becharabah' means 'in desolation' or 'in the wilderness', and 'metu' means 'they died'. The phrase 'breath of spirit living' is taken literally as the breath of the living spirit. No divine names appear, so the standard translations for those are not needed.
[GEN.7.23] God erased all the living things that were on the face of the earth, from man to animal to creeping thing and to the birds of the heavens; and He removed them from the earth, and only Noah and those with him in the ark remained. [§]
vayimach et-kol-hayekum asher al-penei ha-adamah me'adam ad-behemah ad-remesh ve-ad-of hashamayim vayimachu min haaretz vayisher ach-noach ve'asher itto bastavah.
'vayimach' means 'and He erased', 'et-kol-hayekum' means 'all the living things', 'asher' means 'that', 'al-penei' means 'on the face of', 'ha-adamah' means 'the earth', 'me'adam' means 'from man', 'ad-behemah' means 'to animal', 'ad-remesh' means 'to creeping thing', 've-ad-of' means 'and to bird', 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'vayimachu' means 'and He removed them', 'min haaretz' means 'from the earth', 'vayisher' means 'and remained', 'ach-noach' means 'only Noah', 've'asher' means 'and those', 'itto' means 'with him', 'bastavah' means 'in the ark'.
[GEN.7.24] And the waters increased upon the earth fifty and a hundred days. [§]
Vayigberu hamayim al haaretz chamissim ume'at yom.
'Vayigberu' means 'and the waters increased', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'chamissim' means 'fifty', 'ume'at' means 'and a hundred', 'yom' means 'day'.
GEN.8
[GEN.8.1] And God remembered Noah and all the living and all the cattle that were with him in the ark, and God made a wind over the earth, and the waters ceased. [§]
Vayizkor Elohim et-Noach ve-et kol-hachayah ve-et kol-habehemah asher ito batevah vayaver Elohim ruach al-haaretz vayashochu hamayim.
'Vayizkor' means 'and remembered', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'et-Noach' means 'Noah', 've-et' means 'and', 'kol-hachayah' means 'all the living', 've-et' again means 'and', 'kol-habehemah' means 'all the cattle', 'asher' means 'that', 'ito' means 'with him', 'batevah' means 'in the ark', 'vayaver' means 'and made pass', 'Elohim' again means 'God', 'ruach' means 'wind', 'al-haaretz' means 'over the earth', 'vayashochu' means 'and ceased', 'hamayim' means 'the waters'.
[GEN.8.2] And the springs of the deep were closed, and the windows of the heavens, and the rain was poured out from the heavens. [§]
vayissakru mayonot tehom va'arubot hashamayim vayikkale hageshem min hashamayim.
'vayissakru' means 'and they were closed', 'mayonot' means 'springs', 'tehom' means 'the deep', 'va'arubot' means 'and the windows', 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'vayikkale' means 'and it was filled' or 'and it was poured out', 'hageshem' means 'the rain', 'min' means 'from', and the second 'hashamayim' again means 'the heavens'.
[GEN.8.3] And the waters turned back from the earth, going and returning, and the waters were lacking from the end of fifty and a hundred days. [§]
Vayashuvu hamayim me'al haaretz haloch vashov vayachseru hamayim miketze chamishim umeah yom.
'Vayashuvu' means 'and they turned back', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'haloch' means 'going', 'vashov' means 'and returning', 'vayachseru' means 'and they were lacking', 'miketze' means 'from the end', 'chamishim' means 'fifty', 'umeah' means 'and a hundred', 'yom' means 'day'.
[GEN.8.4] And the ark rested in the seventh month on the seventeenth day of the month upon the mountains of Ararat. [§]
Vatanach hatteva bachodesh hashvi'i beshiva-asar yom lachodesh al harei Ararat.
'Vatanach' means 'and rested', 'hatteva' means 'the ark', 'bachodesh' means 'in the month', 'hashvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'beshiva-asar' means 'on seventeen', 'yom' means 'day', 'lachodesh' means 'of the month', 'al' means 'upon', 'harei' means 'the mountains of', 'Ararat' is a proper name for the mountain region.
[GEN.8.5] And the waters were going and lacking until the tenth month; in the tenth, in one month, the heads of the mountains were seen. [§]
veha mayim hayu halokh vechasor ad ha chodesh ha asiri ba asiri beechad la chodesh niru rasei heharim.
'veha' means 'and the', 'mayim' means 'waters', 'hayu' means 'were', 'halokh' means 'going' or 'flowing', 'vechasor' means 'and lacking' or 'missing', 'ad' means 'until', 'ha' means 'the', 'chodesh' means 'month', 'ha asiri' means 'the tenth', 'ba asiri' means 'in the tenth', 'beechad' means 'in one', 'la chodesh' means 'for the month', 'niru' means 'were seen', 'rasei' means 'heads of' or 'summits', 'heharim' means 'the mountains'.
[GEN.8.6] And after the ending of forty days Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made. [§]
Va-yehi miketz arba'im yom va-yiftach Noach et-chalon ha-tevah asher asah.
'Va-yehi' means 'and it was', 'miketz' means 'at the end of', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'yom' means 'days', 'va-yiftach' means 'and ... opened', 'Noach' is a proper name, 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'chalon' means 'window', 'ha-tevah' means 'the ark', 'asher' means 'that', 'asah' means 'he made'.
[GEN.8.7] And he sent the raven, and he went out, went out and returned until the water dried from the face of the earth. [§]
Vayeshalach et ha'orev vayetzey yatzo vashov ad yevoshet hamayim me'al ha'aretz.
'Vayeshalach' means 'and he sent', 'et' is a direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'ha'orev' means 'the raven', 'vayetzey' means 'and he went out', 'yatzo' means 'went out', 'vashov' means 'and returned', 'ad' means 'until', 'yevhoshet' means 'the water dries', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'me'al' means 'from upon', 'ha'aretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.8.8] And he sent the dove away from him to see if the waters have lessened from the face of the earth. [§]
Vayishlach et-hayonah me'ito lir'ot hakalu hamayim me'al pnei ha'adamah.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'et-hayonah' means 'the dove', 'me'ito' means 'from him', 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 'hakalu' means 'have lessened' (referring to water), 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'me'al' means 'from', 'pnei' means 'the face of', 'ha'adamah' means 'the earth' or 'ground'.
[GEN.8.9] And the dove found no rest for her foot, and she returned to him to the ark, because water was over the whole earth; and he sent out his hand and took her, and brought her to him to the ark. [§]
ve lo matzeah hayona manoach lekhaf raglah va tashev elav el hatteva ki mayim al penei kol haaretz va yishlach yado va yikacheha va yave otah elav el hatteva
've lo' means 'and not', 'matzeah' means 'found', 'hayona' means 'the dove', 'manoach' means 'rest', 'lekhaf' means 'for the foot', 'raglah' means 'her foot', 'va tashev' means 'and she returned', 'elav' means 'to him', 'el' means 'to', 'hatteva' means 'the ark', 'ki' means 'because', 'mayim' means 'water', 'al' means 'upon', 'penei' means 'the face of', 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'va yishlach' means 'and he sent', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'va yikacheha' means 'and he took her', 'va yave' means 'and he brought', 'otah' means 'her'.
[GEN.8.10] And he again began seven other days, and he sent the dove from the ark. [§]
Vayyachel od shiv'at yamim acherim vayosef shalach et ha'yonah min hatteva.
'Vayyachel' means 'and he began', 'od' means 'again' or 'still', 'shiv\'at' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'acherim' means 'other' (plural), 'vayosef' means 'and he again' (or 'and he added'), 'shalach' means 'sent', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no English equivalent, 'ha'yonah' means 'the dove', 'min' means 'from', 'hatteva' means 'the ark'.
[GEN.8.11] And the dove came to him in the evening, and behold, it went up with a fresh olive leaf in its beak, and Noah knew that the waters had receded from the earth. [§]
Vata'vo elav hayona le'et erev vehineh aleh-zayit taref b'fiho vayeda Noach ki'kalu hamayim me'al haaretz.
'Vata'vo' means 'and came', 'elav' means 'to him', 'hayona' means 'the dove', 'le'et' means 'at time', 'erev' means 'evening', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'aleh' means 'it went up', 'zayit' means 'olive', 'taref' means 'fresh', 'b'fiho' means 'in its beak', 'vayeda' means 'and he knew', 'Noach' means 'Noah', 'ki' means 'that', 'kalu' means 'have receded', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.8.12] And Yahveh began again seven other days, and He sent the dove, and it did not return to him again. [§]
Vayyiyachel od shivaat yamim acherim vayeshallah et-hayonah velo-yaspeh shuv elav od.
'Vayyiyachel' means 'and he began', 'od' means 'again', 'shivaat' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'acherim' means 'other', 'vayeshallah' means 'and he sent', 'et-hayonah' means 'the dove', 'velo-yaspeh' means 'and it did not return', 'shuv' means 'again', 'elav' means 'to him', 'od' means 'again'. The pronoun 'he' refers to Yahveh, the name of God, which is rendered here as 'Yahveh'.
[GEN.8.13] And it happened in the first of the six hundredth year, in the beginning of the first day of the month, the waters were broken from above the earth; and Noah removed the covering of the ark and saw, and behold, the surface of the ground was broken. [§]
Va-yehi be'ahat ve-shesh-me'ot shana ba-rishon be'echad la-chodesh charvu ha-mayim me'al ha-aretz va-yasar Noach et-mik'seh ha-tevah va-yar ve-hinneh charvu pnei ha-adamah.
'Va-yehi' means 'and it was/happened', 'be'ahat' means 'in the first', 've-shesh-me'ot' means 'and six hundred', 'shana' means 'year', 'ba-rishon' means 'in the beginning', 'be'echad' means 'on the first', 'la-chodesh' means 'of the month', 'charvu' means 'were broken', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'va-yasar' means 'and Noah removed', 'Noach' is the proper name Noah, 'et' is a grammatical marker, 'mik'seh' means 'the covering', 'ha-tevah' means 'the ark', 'va-yar' means 'and saw', 've-hinneh' means 'and behold', 'pnei' means 'the surface of', 'ha-adamah' means 'the ground'.
[GEN.8.14] And in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, the earth dried. [§]
Uva chodesh hasheni beshivah ve'esrim yom lachodesh yavsha haaretz.
'Uva' means 'and in', 'chodesh' means 'month', 'hasheni' means 'the second', 'beshivah' means 'on the seventh', 've'esrim' means 'and twenty' (together 'shivah ve'esrim' = 'seventeen'), 'yom' means 'day', 'lachodesh' means 'of the month', 'yavsha' means 'was dried', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.8.15] And the Gods spoke to Noah, saying. [§]
Vayedabber Elohim el Noach leemor.
'Vayedabber' means 'and he spoke', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el' means 'to', 'Noach' is the name 'Noah', 'leemor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[GEN.8.16] Go out of the ark you and your wife and your sons and the wives of your sons with you. [§]
Tse min ha-tevah ata veishtcha uvanekha uneshei-banecha ittach.
'Tse' means 'go out', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-tevah' means 'the ark', 'ata' means 'you', 'veishtcha' means 'and your wife', 'uvanekha' means 'and your sons', 'uneshei-banecha' means 'and the wives of your sons', 'ittach' means 'with you'.
[GEN.8.17] All the living thing that is with you, from all flesh, the bird and the beasts and every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth, bring them out with you and let them run on the earth, multiply and increase upon the earth. [§]
Kol-hachayah asher-ittecha mikol-basar ba'of uvebehemah uvechol-haremess haromesh al-haaretz havtze itach veshartzu baaretz ufaru veravu al-haaretz.
'Kol' means 'all', 'hachayah' means 'the living (thing)', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ittecha' means 'is with you', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'ba'of' means 'in the bird', 'uvebehemah' means 'and in the beasts', 'uvechol' means 'and in all', 'haremess' means 'the creeping thing', 'haromesh' means 'that creeps', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'havtze' means 'bring out', 'itach' means 'with you', 'veshartzu' means 'and let them run', 'baaretz' means 'on the earth', 'ufaru' means 'and multiply', 'veravu' means 'and increase', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.8.18] And Noah went out, his sons, his wife, and his sons' wives with him. [§]
Vayetseh-Noah uvanav ve'ishto une'shei-vanav itto.
"Vayetseh" means "and went out", "Noah" is the proper name, "uvanav" means "and his sons", "ve'ishto" means "and his wife", "une'shei-vanav" means "and the wives of his sons", "itto" means "with him".
[GEN.8.19] All the living, all the cattle and all the fowl, every creeping thing upon the earth, according to their kinds, went out from the ark. [§]
kol-hachayah kol-haremes ve-kol-haof kol romesh al-haaretz le-mishpachoteihem yatzu min-hateiva.
'kol' means 'all', 'hachayah' means 'the living', 'haremes' means 'the cattle', 've' means 'and', 'haof' means 'the fowl', 'romesh' means 'creeping thing', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'le-mishpachoteihem' means 'according to their kinds/families', 'yatzu' means 'they went out', 'min' means 'from', 'hateiva' means 'the ark'.
[GEN.8.20] And Noah built an altar to Yahveh and took from all the clean beasts and from all the clean birds and offered burnt offerings on the altar. [§]
Vayyiven Noach mizbeach laYahveh vayikach mikol ha-behemah ha-tahorah u-mikol ha-of ha-tahor vayya'al olot ba-mizbeach.
"Vayyiven" means "and he built", "Noach" is the name "Noah", "mizbeach" means "altar", "laYahveh" means "to Yahveh", "vayikach" means "and he took", "mikol" means "from all", "ha-behemah" means "the beasts", "ha-tahorah" means "the clean (ones)", "u-mikol" means "and from", "ha-of" means "the birds", "ha-tahor" means "the clean (ones)", "vayya'al" means "and he offered", "olot" means "burnt offerings", "ba-mizbeach" means "on the altar".
[GEN.8.21] And Yahveh smelled the pleasant scent, and Yahveh said in his heart, I will not again curse the earth because of the man, for the desire of the man's heart is evil from his youth, and I will not again strike all living things as I have done. [§]
vayyara Yahveh et-reiakh hannihoach vayyoamer Yahveh el-libbo lo-osef lekalel od et-haadamah ba'avur haadam ki yetzer lev haadam ra minne'urav velo-osef od lehakot et-kol chai ka'asher asiti.
'vayyara' means 'and ... smelled', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'et-reiakh' means 'the scent', 'hannihoach' means 'the pleasant', 'vayyoamer' means 'and said', 'el-libbo' means 'to his heart', 'lo-osef' means 'I will not again', 'lekalel' means 'curse', 'od' means 'again', 'et-haadamah' means 'the earth', 'ba'avur' means 'because of', 'haadam' means 'the man', 'ki' means 'for', 'yetzer' means 'desire', 'lev' means 'heart', 'ra' means 'evil', 'minne'urav' means 'from his youth', 'velo-osef' means 'and I will not again', 'lehakot' means 'to strike', 'et-kol' means 'all', 'chai' means 'living', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'asiti' means 'I have done'.
[GEN.8.22] Even throughout all the days of the earth, seed and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, day and night shall not cease. [§]
od kol-yemei ha-aretz zera ve-katzir ve-kor va-chom ve-kayitz va-choref ve-yom va-layla lo yishbottu.
'od' means 'still' or 'even', 'kol-yemei' means 'all days', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'zera' means 'seed', 've-katzir' means 'and harvest', 've-kor' means 'and cold', 'va-chom' means 'and heat', 've-kayitz' means 'and summer', 'va-choref' means 'and winter', 've-yom' means 'and day', 'va-layla' means 'and night', 'lo' means 'not', 'yishbottu' means 'they shall cease' or 'stop'.
GEN.9
[GEN.9.1] And the Gods blessed Noah and his sons, and he said to them, Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth. [§]
vayevarech elohim et-noach ve'et-banav vayomer lahem peru urvu u milu et-haaretz
'vayevarech' means 'and he blessed', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'noach' means 'Noah', 've'et' means 'and', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'peru' means 'be fruitful', 'urvu' means 'multiply', 'u milu' means 'and fill', 'et-haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.9.2] And your dung and your waste shall be upon all the cattle of the earth, and upon all the birds of the heavens; in everything that the ground devours and in all the fish of the sea, they shall be given to you. [§]
U-morachem ve-chittechem yihyeh al kol chayat haaretz ve'al kol of hashamaim bechol asher tirmos haadamah uvechol d'gei hayam beyedchem nittanu.
'U-morachem' means 'and your dung', 've-chittechem' means 'and your waste', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'al' means 'upon', 'kol' means 'all', 'chayat' means 'cattle', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 've'al' means 'and upon', 'of' means 'birds', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tirmos' means 'the ground devours', 'haadamah' means 'the ground', 'uvechol' means 'and in all', 'd'gei' means 'fish of', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'beyedchem' means 'in your hand', 'nittanu' means 'they shall be given/assigned'.
[GEN.9.3] All creeping things that are alive shall be yours for food, like a green herb; I have given you all. [§]
Kol‑remes asher hu‑chai lachem yihye le‑ochlah ke‑yerek esev natati lachem et kol.
"Kol" means "all", "remes" means "creeping thing"; "asher" means "that/which"; "hu" means "it is"; "chai" means "alive"; "lachem" means "to you (plural)"; "yihye" means "shall be"; "le‑ochlah" means "for food/eating"; "ke‑yerek" means "like a green herb"; "esev" means "grass/herb"; "natati" means "I gave"; "et" is a direct‑object marker (not translated); "kol" means "all".
[GEN.9.4] Only flesh, its soul, its blood, you shall not eat. [§]
Ach-basaar benafsho damo lo tochalu.
'Ach' means 'only', 'basaar' means 'flesh', 'benafsho' means 'its soul', 'damo' means 'its blood', 'lo' means 'not', 'tochalu' means 'you will eat'.
[GEN.9.5] And only your blood for your souls I will seek from the hand of every beast; I will seek it, and from the hand of man, from the hand of a man his brother, I will seek the soul of the man. [§]
ve'ach et-dimkhem le-nafshotekhem edrosh miyad kol-chayah edreshenu u-miyad ha'adam miyad ish achiv edrosh et-nefesh ha'adam.
've'ach' means 'and only', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'dimkhem' means 'your blood', 'le-nafshotekhem' means 'for your souls', 'edrosh' means 'I will seek', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'kol-chayah' means 'every beast' or 'all living creatures', 'edreshenu' means 'I will seek it', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'ha'adam' means 'the man' or 'human', the second 'miyad' repeats 'from the hand of', 'ish' means 'a man', 'achiv' means 'his brother', the second 'edrosh' again means 'I will seek', 'et-nefesh' means 'the soul' (with the direct‑object marker), and the final 'ha'adam' means 'of the man'.
[GEN.9.6] He who pours out the blood of the man, his blood will be poured out in the man, because in the image of the Gods he made the man. [§]
Shofech dam haadam baadam damo yishafech ki betselem elohim asah et haadam.
'Shofech' means 'pours out', 'dam' means 'blood', 'haadam' means 'the man', 'baadam' means 'in the man', 'damo' means 'his blood', 'yishafech' means 'will be poured out', 'ki' means 'because', 'betselem' means 'in the image', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'asah' means 'made', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'haadam' means 'the man'.
[GEN.9.7] And you, be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and increase in it. [§]
ve'atem paru u-revu shirtzu ba'aretz u-revu-ba.
've'atem' means 'and you (plural)', 'paru' means 'be fruitful', 'u-revu' means 'and multiply', 'shirtzu' means 'fill', 'ba'aretz' means 'the earth', 'u-revu-ba' means 'and increase in it'.
[GEN.9.8] the Gods said to Noah and to his sons with him, saying. [§]
Vayomer Elohim el-Noach ve'el-banav ito le'emor.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el-Noach' means 'to Noah', 've'el-banav' means 'and to his sons', 'ito' means 'with him', 'le'emor' means 'to say'.
[GEN.9.9] And I, behold, I will establish my covenant with you, and your offspring after you. [§]
Va'ani hineni mekims et-b'rithi ittem ve'et-zarachem acharei-chem.
'Va'ani' means 'and I', 'hineni' means 'behold, I am', 'mekims' means 'will establish', 'et-b'rithi' means 'my covenant' (the direct object marker 'et' plus 'b'rith' = covenant, '-i' = my), 'ittem' means 'with you' (plural), 've'et' means 'and' plus the direct object marker, 'zarachem' means 'your seed' or 'your offspring', 'acharei-chem' means 'after you' or 'in your descendants'.
[GEN.9.10] And every living creature that was with you, in the birds, in the beasts, and in all the living beings of the earth that were with you, from all that went out of the ark to all the living beings of the earth. [§]
ve'et kol-nefesh ha-chayah asher itchekhem ba-oph ba-behemah uvechol-chayat ha-aretz itchekhem mikol yotzei ha-tevah lekhol chayat ha-aretz.
've'et' means 'and (the word)'; 'kol' means 'all'; 'nefesh' means 'living being' or 'soul'; 'ha-chayah' means 'the living'; 'asher' means 'that/which'; 'itchekhem' means 'with you' (plural); 'ba-oph' means 'in the bird'; 'ba-behemah' means 'in the beast'; 'uvechol-chayat' means 'and in all living'; 'ha-aretz' means 'of the earth'; 'itchekhem' again 'with you'; 'mikol' means 'from all'; 'yotzei' means 'that went out'; 'ha-tevah' means 'the ark'; 'lekhol' means 'to all'; 'chayat ha-aretz' means 'living beings of the earth'.
[GEN.9.11] And I will establish my covenant with you, and no flesh will be cut off any more from the waters of the flood, and there will be no more flood to destroy the earth. [§]
Vahaqimoti et-briti ittem ve-lo yikaret kol-basar od mimei hamabbul ve-lo yihye od mabbul lesachet haaretz.
'Vahaqimoti' means 'And I will establish', 'et-briti' means 'my covenant', 'ittem' means 'with you', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yikaret' means 'will be cut off', 'kol-basar' means 'all flesh', 'od' means 'anymore', 'mimei' means 'from the waters', 'hamabbul' means 'the flood', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yihye' means 'will be', 'od' means 'anymore', 'mabbul' means 'flood', 'lesachet' means 'to destroy', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.9.12] And the Gods said, This is the sign of the covenant that I give between me and you and between every living soul that is among you forever. [§]
Vayomer Elohim zot ot-habrit asher-ani noten beyni uveineichem uvein kol nefes chayyah asher itchem ledorot olam.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'zot' means 'this', 'ot-habrit' means 'sign of the covenant', 'asher-ani' means 'that I', 'noten' means 'give', 'beyni' means 'between me', 'uveineichem' means 'and between you', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'kol nefes chayyah' means 'every living soul', 'asher itchem' means 'that is among you', 'ledorot' means 'for generations', 'olam' means 'forever'.
[GEN.9.13] I set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between Me and the earth. [§]
et kash'ti natati be'anan ve'hayetah le'ot berit bein i uvein ha'aretz.
'et' is a direct‑object marker and is not rendered in English. 'kash'ti' means 'my bow' (kashah = bow, -ti = my). 'natati' means 'I set' or 'I placed'. 'be'anan' means 'in the cloud' (anan = cloud). 've'hayetah' is a conjunction + future verb meaning 'and it shall be'. 'le'ot' means 'as a sign' (ot = sign). 'berit' means 'covenant'. 'bein i' means 'between me' (i = my, mei = me). 'uvein ha'aretz' means 'and between the earth' (ha'aretz = the earth).
[GEN.9.14] And it shall be in my cloud, a cloud upon the earth, and the bow will be seen in the cloud. [§]
vehayah be'anni anan al haaretz ve-nir'atah haqeshet be'anan.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'be'anni' means 'in my cloud', 'anan' means 'cloud', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 've-nir'atah' means 'and it will be seen', 'haqeshet' means 'the bow', 'be'anan' means 'in the cloud'.
[GEN.9.15] And I will remember my covenant that is between me and between you and between every living soul that lives in all flesh, and there shall be no more the waters for a flood to corrupt all flesh. [§]
vezakhrati et-bri'ti asher beyni uveineichem uvein kol-nefesh chayah bekhol-basar velo yihye od ha-mayim le-mabul le-shachet kol-basar.
've-' means 'and', 'zakhrati' means 'I will remember', 'et-' is a grammatical marker with no English equivalent, 'bri'ti' means 'my covenant', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'beyn i' means 'between me', 'uveineichem' means 'and between you (plural)', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'kol-nefesh' means 'every living soul', 'chayah' means 'living', 'bekhol-basar' means 'in all flesh', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yihye' means 'shall be', 'od' means 'any more', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters', 'le-mabul' means 'for a flood', 'le-shachet' means 'to corrupt/destroy', 'kol-basar' means 'all flesh'.
[GEN.9.16] And it shall be the bow in the cloud, and I will see it to remember the everlasting covenant between the Gods and every living soul in all flesh that is upon the earth. [§]
vehayta hakkeshet be'anan ure'itiha lizkor berit olam bein Elohim u'vein kol-nephesh chayah bechol basar asher al haaretz
'vehayta' means 'and it shall be', 'hakkeshet' means 'the bow', 'be'anan' means 'in the cloud', 'ure'itiha' means 'and I will see it', 'lizkor' means 'to remember', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'bein' means 'between', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'uvein' means 'and between', 'kol-nephesh' means 'every living soul', 'chayah' means 'living', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'asher' means 'that', 'al haaretz' means 'upon the earth'.
[GEN.9.17] And the Gods said to Noah, This is the sign of the covenant that I have established between me and all flesh that is upon the earth. [§]
Vayomer Elohim el-Noach zot ot ha-brit asher hakimoti beyni uveyn kol-basar asher al haaretz.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' is the plural name for God and is rendered here as 'the Gods' per the literal rule, 'el-Noach' means 'to Noah', 'zot' means 'this', 'ot' means 'sign' or 'token', 'ha-brit' means 'the covenant', 'asher' means 'that', 'hakimoti' means 'I have established' (literally 'I have set up'), 'beyn i' means 'between me', 'uveyn' means 'and between', 'kol-basar' means 'all flesh' (referring to all living creatures), 'asher' again means 'that', 'al haaretz' means 'upon the earth'. The translation follows a literal rendering of each term while preserving the sense of the covenantal statement.
[GEN.9.18] And the sons of Noah who went out of the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth; and Ham was the father of Canaan. [§]
vayyihyu b'nei-Noach ha-yotze'im min ha-tevah Shem veHam vaYefet veHam hu avi Kenaan.
vayyihyu means 'and they were', b'nei-Noach means 'the sons of Noah', ha-yotze'im means 'the ones who went out', min ha-tevah means 'from the ark', Shem, Ham, and Yefet are proper names, veHam means 'and Ham', vaYefet means 'and Japheth', veHam again means 'and Ham', hu means 'he', avi means 'father', Kenaan means 'Canaan'. The sentence records that Ham is identified as the father of Canaan.
[GEN.9.19] Three are these sons of Noah, and from them the whole earth was spread. [§]
Shelosha eleh b'nei Noach, u'me'eleh napetza kol haaretz.
'Shelosha' means 'three', 'eleh' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Noach' is the proper name Noach, 'u' means 'and', 'me'eleh' means 'from these', 'napetza' means 'was spread' or 'was scattered', 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.9.20] Now Noah, a man of the soil, began and planted a vineyard. [§]
Vayachel Noah ish haadamah vayita kerem.
'Vayachel' means 'now began' or 'and he began', 'Noah' is the personal name, 'ish' means 'man', 'haadamah' means 'of the earth' or 'of the soil', 'vayita' means 'and he planted', 'kerem' means 'vineyard'.
[GEN.9.21] And he drank from the wine, and he became drunk, and he was exposed within his tent. [§]
Va-yeshet min ha-yayin va-yishkar va-yitgal be-toch ohalo.
'Va' means 'and', 'yeshet' means 'drank', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-yayin' means 'the wine', 'va-yishkar' means 'and he became drunk', 'va-yitgal' means 'and he was exposed or revealed', 'be-toch' means 'inside', 'ohalo' means 'his tent'.
[GEN.9.22] And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father's nakedness and reported it to his two brothers outside. [§]
vayyare ham avi kena'an et ervat aviv vayagged li-shnei echaiv ba-chutz.
'vayyare' means 'and saw', 'ham' is the proper name Ham, 'avi' means 'father', 'kena'an' means 'of Canaan', 'et' is the accusative marker (no direct translation), 'ervat' means 'nakedness', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayagged' means 'and reported', 'li-shnei' means 'to the two', 'echaiv' means 'brothers', 'ba-chutz' means 'outside'.
[GEN.9.23] And he took Shem and Yefet, the shirt, and they put it upon the cheek of their two; they went later, and they covered the nakedness of their father, and their faces later, and the nakedness of their father they did not see. [§]
vayikach shem vayefet et-hasmila vayassimu al-shechem shneiham vayelechu achronit vayekhasu et ervat aviham u-fneiham achronit v'ervat aviham lo ra'u.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'shem' means 'Shem' (a proper name), 'vayefet' means 'and Yefet' (a proper name), 'et-hasmila' means 'the shirt', 'vayassimu' means 'and they put', 'al-shechem' means 'upon the cheek', 'shneiham' means 'their two (things)', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'achronit' means 'later', 'vayekhasu' means 'and they covered', 'et ervat' means 'the nakedness of', 'aviham' means 'their father', 'u-fneiham' means 'and their faces', 'v'ervat' means 'and the nakedness of', 'lo ra'u' means 'they did not see'.
[GEN.9.24] And Noah rose from his wine and realized what his younger son had done. [§]
Vayiketz Noah miyeno vayeda et asher asah lo beno hakatan.
'Vayiketz' means 'and he rose', 'Noah' is a proper name, 'miyeno' means 'from his wine', 'vayeda' means 'and he realized' or 'knew', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'asher' means 'what' or 'that which', 'asah' means 'he did' or 'had done', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'against him', 'beno' means 'his son', 'hakatan' means 'the younger'.
[GEN.9.25] And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall be to his brothers. [§]
Vayomer arur kena'an eved avadim yihyeh le'echav.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'arur' means 'cursed', 'kena'an' is the proper name Canaan, 'eved' means 'servant', 'avadim' means 'of servants' (plural), 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'le'echav' means 'to his brothers'. The phrase 'cursed Canaan' is a declaration of divine judgment, and 'a servant of servants shall be to his brothers' is an idiom indicating the lowest rank among his kin.
[GEN.9.26] And he said, Blessed Yahveh, God of the name, and let Canaan be a servant to them. [§]
Vayomer Baruch Yahveh Elohei Shem viyehi Kenaan eved lamoo.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Baruch' means 'blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'God' meaning 'God of', 'Shem' means 'name', so 'Elohei Shem' means 'God of the name'. 'Viyehi' means 'and let it be', 'Kenaan' is the proper name 'Canaan', 'eved' means 'servant', and 'lamoo' means 'to them'.
[GEN.9.27] The Gods will open to Yefet and will dwell in the tents of the name, and it will be like Canaan, a servant to him. [§]
Yaft Elohim LeYefet Veyishkon Be'aholei-shem Vihi Kena'an Eved Lamo.
'Yaft' is a verb form (3rd person singular imperfect) likely meaning 'will open' or 'will grant'. 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural). 'LeYefet' means 'to Yefet' (the name Japheth). 'Veyishkon' means 'and will dwell'. 'Be'aholei-shem' means 'in the tents of the name' (literally, the shelters belonging to the name). 'Vihi' means 'and it will be'. 'Kena'an' means 'like Canaan' (a comparison). 'Eved' means 'servant' or 'slave'. 'Lamo' means 'to him' (referring to the person mentioned earlier).
[GEN.9.28] And Noah lived after the flood three hundred years and fifty years. [§]
vayechi Noah achar ha-mabul shlosh meot shana v'chamishim shana.
'vayechi' means 'and lived', 'Noah' is the proper name, 'achar' means 'after', 'ha-mabul' means 'the flood', 'shlosh meot' means 'three hundred', 'shana' means 'year', 'v'chamishim' means 'and fifty', 'shana' means 'year'.
[GEN.9.29] All the days of Noah were nine hundred fifty years, and he died. [§]
Vayihyu kol-yemei-Noach teshah me'ot shana vachamishim shana vayamat.
'Vayihyu' means 'and they were' (a narrative past tense marker), 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'Noach' is the proper name Noah, 'teshah' means 'nine', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', together 'teshah me'ot' = 'nine hundred', 'shana' means 'year', 'vachamishim' means 'and fifty' (with the conjunction 'va-'), the second 'shana' again means 'year', so 'vachamishim shana' = 'and fifty years', 'vayamat' means 'and he died'.
GEN.10
[GEN.10.1] And these are the generations of the sons of Noah: the name Ham and Japheth, and they bore sons to them after the flood. [§]
Ve'eleh toledot b'nei-Noach shem Cham v'Yafet vayiv'laduh lahem banim achar haMabbul.
'Ve'eleh' means 'And these', 'toledot' means 'generations' or 'descendants', 'b'nei-Noach' means "sons of Noah", 'shem' means "the name" (introducing the names of the sons), 'Cham' is the name "Ham", 'v'Yafet' is the name "and Japheth", 'vayiv'laduh' means "and they bore" (or "they gave birth"), 'lahem' means "to them" (referring to the sons), 'banim' means "sons", 'achar' means "after", 'haMabbul' means "the flood".
[GEN.10.2] The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. [§]
Bnei Yefet Gomer uMagog uMadai veYavan uTubal uMeshech veTiras.
'Bnei' means 'the sons of', 'Yefet' is the name Japheth, 'Gomer' is a proper name, 'u' means 'and', 'Magog' is a proper name, 'Madai' is a proper name, 've' is another form of 'and', 'Yavan' is a proper name (Javan), 'Tubal' is a proper name, 'Meshech' is a proper name, 'Tiras' is a proper name.
[GEN.10.3] And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. [§]
uvnei Gomer Ashkenaz vRiphath vTogarmah
'uvnei' means 'and the sons of', 'Gomer' is a proper personal name, 'Ashkenaz' is a proper personal name, 'vRiphath' means 'and Riphath' (a proper name), 'vTogarmah' means 'and Togarmah' (a proper name).
[GEN.10.4] and the Greeks: God saves, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. [§]
Uve'nei Yavan Elisheh veTarshish Kitim veDodanim.
'Uve'nei' means 'and the sons of', 'Yavan' means 'Greece' (or 'the Greeks'), 'Elisheh' contains the divine element 'El' which is translated literally as 'God' and the verb root 'yasha' meaning 'saves', so the name is rendered as 'God saves', 'veTarshish' means 'and Tarshish', 'Kitim' is a proper name (traditionally a people group) kept as 'Kittim', and 'veDodanim' means 'and Dodanim'.
[GEN.10.5] From these the peoples of the nations were scattered in their lands, each according to his language, to their families, in their nations. [§]
Me'eleh nifradu iyyey ha-goyim be'artsotam ish lilshono le-mishpachotam be-goyehhem.
'Me'eleh' means 'from these', 'nifradu' means 'were scattered', 'iyyey' means 'islands' or figuratively 'the peoples', 'ha-goyim' means 'of the nations', 'be'artsotam' means 'in their lands', 'ish' means 'each' or 'every', 'lilshono' means 'according to his tongue' (i.e., his language), 'le-mishpachotam' means 'to their families', 'be-goyehhem' means 'in their nations'.
[GEN.10.6] And the sons of Ham: Cush, Egypt, Put, and Canaan. [§]
U'vnei Cham Kush uMitzrayim uPut uCanaan.
'U'vnei' means 'and the sons of', 'Cham' means 'Ham', 'Kush' means 'Cush', 'uMitzrayim' means 'and Egypt', 'uPut' means 'and Put', 'uCanaan' means 'and Canaan'.
[GEN.10.7] And the children of Cush were Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteka; and the children of Raamah were Sheba and Dedan. [§]
uvnei Kush Seba vachavila vesabatah veraamah vesabtekah uvnei Raamah Sheba udedan.
'uvnei' means 'and the children of', 'Kush' is a name of a people or region, 'Seba' is a personal name, 'vachavila' means 'and Havilah' (another personal name), 'vesabatah' means 'and Sabtah' (a personal name), 'veraamah' means 'and Raamah' (a personal name), 'vesabtekah' means 'and Sabteka' (a personal name), the second 'uvnei' repeats 'and the children of', 'Raamah' again refers to that lineage, 'Sheba' and 'Udedan' are personal names of descendants.
[GEN.10.8] And Cush fathered Nimrod; he began to be a mighty one on the earth. [§]
veKush yaled et Nimrod hu hechel liheyot gibor baaretz.
'veKush' means 'and Cush', 'yaled' means 'fathered' or 'gave birth to', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Nimrod' is a proper name, 'hu' means 'he', 'hechel' means 'began', 'liheyot' means 'to be', 'gibor' means 'mighty one' or 'great man', 'baaretz' means 'in the earth' or 'on the land'.
[GEN.10.9] He was a mighty hunter before Yahveh; therefore it is said, like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before Yahveh. [§]
Hu-hayah gibbor tsayid lifnei Yahveh; al-ken ye'amar ke-Nimrod gibbor tsayid lifnei Yahveh.
'Hu' means 'He', 'hayah' means 'was', 'gibbor' means 'mighty' (literally 'strong one'), 'tsayid' means 'hunter' (literally 'the one who pursues'), 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the Tetragrammaton YHWH as instructed, 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'ye'amar' means 'it is said', 'ke' is a preposition meaning 'like' or 'as', and 'Nimrod' is a proper name retained in English. The sentence therefore reads as a statement that a certain figure was a mighty hunter before Yahveh, and that this is compared to the famed hunter Nimrod.
[GEN.10.10] And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. [§]
vattehi reshit mamlakhto Babel veErekh veAkad veKhalne beEretz Shin'ar.
'vattehi' means 'and it was', 'reshit' means 'beginning', 'mamlakhto' means 'his kingdom', 'Babel' is the name of the city Babel, 'veErekh' means 'and Erech', 'veAkad' means 'and Accad', 'veKhalne' means 'and Calneh', 'beEretz' means 'in the land', 'Shin'ar' is the name of the region Shinar.
[GEN.10.11] From that land Asshur went out and built Nineveh, and the broad city, and Kalah. [§]
Min haaretz hahi yatza Ashur vayiven et Ninveh ve'et Rechovot ir ve'et Kalah.
'Min' means 'from', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'hahi' means 'that' (as a demonstrative), 'yatza' means 'went out' or 'came out', 'Ashur' is the name of the Assyrian ruler, 'vayiven' means 'and he built', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'Ninveh' is the city Nineveh, 've'et' means 'and' (with the object marker), 'Rechovot' literally means 'broad streets' or 'wide city', 'ir' means 'city', and 'Kalah' is a proper name of another place. The verse lists the places that Ashur established after leaving his land.
[GEN.10.12] And Resen, between Nineveh and Kalach, is the great city. [§]
ve'et Resen bein Nineveh u'vein Kalach hi ha'ir ha'gadolah.
've'et' means 'and (the object marker) the', 'Resen' is a proper name, 'bein' means 'between', 'Nineveh' is a proper name, 'u'vein' means 'and between', 'Kalach' is a proper name, 'hi' means 'it (feminine)', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'ha'gadolah' means 'the great'.
[GEN.10.13] And Egypt gave birth to the Ludim, the Anamim, the Lehabim, and the Naphtuhim. [§]
U-mitzrayim yalad et-Ludim ve'et-Anamim ve'et-Lehabim ve'et-Naftuhim.
'U' means 'and', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'yalad' means 'gave birth to', 'et' is the accusative marker (not translated), 'Ludim' refers to the people called Lud, 'Anamim' refers to the people called Anam, 'Lehabim' refers to the people called Leb, and 'Naftuhim' refers to the people called Naphtuh. The verse lists four groups that were said to have originated from Egypt.
[GEN.10.14] and the Patrusim and the Kasluchim who went out from there, the Philistines and the Caphtorites. [§]
ve'et‑Patrusim ve'et‑Kasluchim asher yatzu mi'sham Pelishtim ve'et‑Kaftorim.
've'et' means 'and (the) (object)', 'Patrusim' is a proper name (likely a group), 'Kasluchim' is another proper name, 'asher' means 'who/that', 'yatzu' means 'went out', 'mi'sham' means 'from there', 'Pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 've'et' again means 'and (the)', 'Kaftorim' means 'Caphtorites' (people from Caphtor).
[GEN.10.15] And Canaan begot Sidon his firstborn and Heth. [§]
Ukhna'an yalad et Sidon bechoro ve'et Chet.
'Ukhna'an' means 'and Canaan', 'yalad' means 'begot' or 'gave birth to', ''et' is a grammatical marker for a direct object and is not rendered in English, 'Sidon' is a proper name, 'bechoro' means 'his firstborn', 've''et' means 'and', and 'Chet' (often rendered Heth) is another proper name.
[GEN.10.16] and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite. [§]
ve'et ha-yebusi ve'et ha-amori ve'et ha-girgashi.
've'et' means 'and (the)' as a conjunction plus the direct object marker, 'ha-yebusi' means 'the Jebusite', 'ha-amori' means 'the Amorite', 'ha-girgashi' means 'the Girgashite'.
[GEN.10.17] and the Chivi and the Arki and the Sini. [§]
ve-et ha-chivi ve-et ha-arki ve-et ha-sini.
've-et' means 'and', 'ha-' is the definite article meaning 'the', 'chivi' is a proper name (the Chivi), 'arki' is a proper name (the Arki), 'sini' is a proper name (the Sini).
[GEN.10.18] And the Arvadi, and the Tzemari, and the Hamati; after they were scattered the families of the Canaanite. [§]
ve-et haArvadi ve-et haTzemari ve-et haHamati ve achar nafotzu mishpachot haKenaani.
've-et' means 'and (the) [object]', 'haArvadi' is the name of a clan called Arvadi, 'haTzemari' is the name of a clan called Tzemari, 'haHamati' is the name of a clan called Hamati, 've' means 'and', 'achar' means 'after', 'nafotzu' means 'they were scattered', 'mishpachot' means 'families' or 'clans', 'haKenaani' means 'the Canaanite'.
[GEN.10.19] And it was the border of the Canaanite from Zidon to Bocha, Gerara to Azah, Bocha to Sodom and Amorah, Admah and the Zviim as far as Lasha. [§]
Vayehi gevul hakanaani mitzidon Bocha gerarah ad-aza Bocha sdom vaamora veadma u tzviyim ad-lasha.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'gevul' means 'border', 'hakanaani' means 'the Canaanite', 'mitzidon' means 'from Zidon', 'Bocha' is a place name transliterated as Bocha, 'gerarah' means 'Gerara', 'ad-aza' means 'to Azah', 'sdom' means 'Sodom', 'vaamora' means 'and Amorah', 'veadma' means 'and Admah', 'u tzviyim' means 'and the Zviim', 'ad-lasha' means 'as far as Lasha'.
[GEN.10.20] These are the sons of Ham, by their families, by their tongues, in their lands, among their peoples. [§]
Eleh bnei Cham lemisphochotam lilshonotam beartsotam begoyhem.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'bnei' means 'sons of', 'Cham' is the name 'Ham', 'lemi-sphochotam' means 'by their families', 'lilshonotam' means 'by their tongues' (i.e., languages), 'be-artsotam' means 'in their lands', 'be-goyhem' means 'among their peoples' or 'in their nations'.
[GEN.10.21] And to the name he was also born, father of all the sons of Eber, my brother Japheth the great. [§]
Uleshem yullad gam-hu avi kol-benei-Ever achi Yefet hagadol.
'U' means 'and', 'leshem' means 'to the name', together 'Uleshem' = 'and to the name'. 'Yullad' is the passive verb 'was born'. 'Gam' means 'also', 'hu' means 'he', so 'gam-hu' = 'also he'. 'Avi' means 'my father' or 'father'. 'Kol' means 'all', 'benei' means 'sons of', 'Ever' is the personal name 'Eber', so 'kol-benei-Ever' = 'all the sons of Eber'. 'Achi' means 'my brother' or 'brother'. 'Yefet' is the personal name 'Japheth'. 'Ha' is the definite article 'the', 'gadol' means 'great', so 'hagadol' = 'the great'.
[GEN.10.22] the sons of Shem: Elam, Ashur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram. [§]
B'nei Shem Elam veAshur veArphaxad veLud veAram.
'B'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Shem' is a personal name, 'Elam' is a proper name (son of Shem), 'veAshur' means 'and Ashur', 'veArphaxad' means 'and Arphaxad', 'veLud' means 'and Lud', 'veAram' means 'and Aram'.
[GEN.10.23] And the sons of Aram were Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash. [§]
U'vnei Aram Utz veChul veGeter vaMash.
'U' means 'and', 'bnei' means 'sons of', 'Aram' is a proper name, 'Utz' is a proper name, 'veChul' means 'and Hul' (Hul is a proper name), 'veGeter' means 'and Gether' (Gether is a proper name), 'vaMash' means 'and Mash' (Mash is a proper name).
[GEN.10.24] And Arpachshad begot Shelah and Shelah begot Eber. [§]
veArpachshad yalad et Shelah veShelah yalad et Eber.
've' means 'and', 'Arpachshad' is a personal name, 'yalad' means 'begot', 'et' is the accusative marker (no direct translation), 'Shelah' is a personal name, the second 've' again means 'and', the second 'Shelah' repeats the name, the second 'yalad' means 'begot', and 'Eber' is a personal name.
[GEN.10.25] And on the other side two sons were born; the name of the first was Peleg, because in his days the earth was divided, and the name of his brother was Yakten. [§]
Ule'ever yullad shnei banim, shem ha'echad Peleg ki beyamav niflega ha'aretz, veshem achiv yakatan.
'Ule'ever' means 'and on the other side', 'yullad' means 'was born', 'shnei' means 'two', 'banim' means 'sons', 'shem' means 'name (was)', 'ha'echad' means 'the first', 'Peleg' is a proper name, 'ki' means 'because', 'beyamav' means 'in his days', 'niflega' means 'was divided', 'ha'aretz' means 'the earth', 'veshem' means 'and the name', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'yakatan' is a proper name meaning 'little' or 'small'.
[GEN.10.26] And Joktan fathered Elmodad, Shalef, Hazarmaveth, and Yareach. [§]
veYaqqtan yalad et-Elmoadad ve-et-Shalef ve-et-Hatzarmaveth ve-et-Yareach.
've' means 'and', 'Yaqqtan' is the personal name Joktan, 'yalad' means 'fathered' or 'begot', 'et' is a grammatical marker indicating a direct object and is not translated, 'Elmoadad' is the name Elmodad, 'Shalef' is the name Shalef, 'Hatzarmaveth' is the name Hazarmaveth, and 'Yareach' is the name Yareach.
[GEN.10.27] and the doram, and the uzal, and the dikla. [§]
ve'et ha-doram ve'et uzal ve'et dikla.
've'et' is a conjunction meaning 'and' that introduces a direct object. 'ha-doram' means 'the doram', a proper name for a bird species, probably a crane. 'uzal' is the name of another bird, likely a thrush or a jay. 'dikla' is the name of a small dove or pigeon. The verse lists these three birds in succession.
[GEN.10.28] and Oval and father of God and Sheba. [§]
ve'et Oval ve'et Avimeel ve'et Sheba.
've'et' is a conjunctive particle meaning "and" used before a direct object. 'Oval' is a proper name, left untranslated. 'Avimeel' is a compound name: 'Avi' means "father" and 'El' means "God", so it literally means "father of God". 'Sheba' is a proper name, left untranslated.
[GEN.10.29] and Ophir and Chavila and Yobab, all these are the sons of Yakton. [§]
ve'et-Ophir ve'et-Chavila ve'et-Yobab kol-aleh b'nei Yakton.
've' means 'and', 'et' is a grammatical marker for the direct object and is not translated, 'Ophir', 'Chavila', and 'Yobab' are proper names, 'kol' means 'all', 'aleh' means 'these', together 'kol-aleh' means 'all these', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', and 'Yakton' is a proper name.
[GEN.10.30] And their settlement was from Mesha; they went up to the numbered eastern mountain. [§]
Vayhi moshavam mimesha boakha sepharah har hakadem.
'Vayhi' means 'and it was', 'moshavam' means 'their dwelling' or 'settlement', 'mimesha' means 'from Mesha' (a place name), 'boakha' is a verb form meaning 'they came' or 'they went', 'sepharah' means 'number' or 'count' (here likely a proper name or a descriptive noun), 'har' means 'mountain', 'hakadem' means 'the east' (the eastern direction). The phrase 'boakha sepharah' is an idiomatic way of saying 'they went up to the numbered (or listed) eastern mountain', so the verse records a movement toward a specific mountain on the eastern side.
[GEN.10.31] These are the sons of Shem, to their families, to their languages, in their lands, to their peoples. [§]
Eleh B'nei Shem Lemishpachotam Lilshonotam Be'arutzotam Legoyehim.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'B'nei Shem' means 'sons of Shem' (Shem being a proper name), 'Lemishpachotam' means 'to their families' or 'for their families', 'Lilshonotam' means 'to their languages' or 'for their languages', 'Be'arutzotam' means 'in their lands', 'Legoyehim' means 'to their peoples' or 'for their nations'.
[GEN.10.32] These are the families of the sons of Noah according to their generations in their nations, and from these the nations were scattered on the earth after the flood. [§]
Eleh mishpachot b'nei Noach letoldotam begoihem u-meeleh nifradhu ha-goyim ba-aretz achar ha-mabul.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'mishpachot' means 'families' or 'clans', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Noach' is the proper name 'Noah', 'letoldotam' means 'according to their generations', 'bego ihem' means 'in their nations', 'u-meeleh' means 'and from these', 'nifradhu' means 'were scattered', 'ha-goyim' means 'the nations', 'ba-aretz' means 'on the earth', 'achar' means 'after', 'ha-mabul' means 'the flood'.
GEN.11
[GEN.11.1] And the whole earth was of one language and one set of words. [§]
Vayehi kol haaretz sapa echad udvarim achadim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it came to be', 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'sapa' means 'language' or 'speech', 'echad' means 'one', 'u' is the conjunction 'and', 'dvarim' means 'words' or 'things spoken', 'achadim' is the plural form of 'one' meaning 'one (set)'.
[GEN.11.2] And it happened when they set out from the front; they found a valley in the land of Shinar, and they settled there. [§]
Vayehi benas'am mikedem vayimtzu bika'ah be'eretz Shin'ar vayeshvu sham.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was/it happened', 'benas'am' means 'when they set out' (literally 'in their journey'), 'mikedem' means 'from the front' or 'from the east', 'vayimtzu' means 'and they found', 'bika'ah' means 'in a valley', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Shin'ar' is a proper place name (the land of Shinar), 'vayeshvu' means 'and they dwelt/settled', 'sham' means 'there'.
[GEN.11.3] And they said, a man to his companion, "Let us make bricks for building and we will fire them for the furnace," and the brick became for them a stone, and the mortar was for them the clay. [§]
Vayomeru ish el-re'ehu habah nil'bena le'venim v'nishrefah li'srefah vatehi lahem ha'levena le'aven ve'hachemar haya lahem la'chomer.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'ish' means 'a man', 'el-re'ehu' means 'to his companion/friend', 'habah' means 'let us have' or 'let us make', 'nil'bena' means 'bricks', 'le'venim' means 'for building', 'v'nishrefah' means 'and we will burn/fire them', 'li'srefah' means 'for the furnace', 'vatehi' means 'and it became', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'ha'levena' means 'the brick', 'le'aven' means 'as stone', 've'hachemar' means 'and the mortar', 'haya' means 'was', 'lahem' again 'for them', 'la'chomer' means 'as clay'.
[GEN.11.4] They said, 'Let us build for ourselves a city and a tower whose top reaches the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth.' [§]
Vayomru hava nivneh-lanu ir u-migdal ve-rosho ba-shamayim ve-na'aseh-lanu shem pen-nafutz al-p'nei kol ha-aretz.
'Vayomru' means 'they said', 'hava' means 'let us', 'nivneh' means 'build (let us build)', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'ir' means 'city', 'u-migdal' means 'and a tower', 've-rosho' means 'and its top', 'ba-shamayim' means 'in the heavens', 've-na'aseh' means 'and we will make', 'shem' means 'a name', 'pen' means 'lest', 'nafutz' means 'be scattered', 'al-p'nei' means 'over the face of', 'kol ha-aretz' means 'all the earth'.
[GEN.11.5] And Yahveh went down to see the city and the tower that the sons of man built. [§]
Vayered Yahveh lirot et ha'ir ve'et ha-migdal asher banu bnei ha'adam.
'Vayered' means 'went down', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'lirot' means 'to see', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 've'et' means 'and (the) [object]', 'ha-migdal' means 'the tower', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'banu' means 'they built', 'bnei' means 'sons of', 'ha'adam' means 'the man' or 'human'.
[GEN.11.6] And Yahveh said, Behold, one people and one language for all of them, and this is their beginning to do, and now nothing will restrain them, all that they have planned to do. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh hen am echad ve'safa achat lekullam ve'ze hachillam la'asot ve'atah lo yivatzar mehem kol asher yazmu la'asot.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the divine name, 'hen' means 'behold', 'am' means 'people', 'echad' means 'one', 've'safa' means 'and language', 'achat' means 'one', 'lekullam' means 'to all of them', 've'ze' means 'and this', 'hachillam' means 'their beginning', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'lo yivatzar' means 'shall not restrain', 'mehem' means 'from them', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that', 'yazmu' means 'they have planned', 'la'asot' means 'to do'.
[GEN.11.7] Let us go down and become foolish there, their lips that they will not hear, a man the lip of his companion. [§]
Havah nerda venavla sham sfatam asher lo yishmeu ish sfat re'ehu.
'Havah' means 'let us', 'nerda' means 'go down', 'venavla' means 'and become foolish', 'sham' means 'there', 'sfatam' means 'their lips', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lo' means 'not', 'yishmeu' means 'they will hear', 'ish' means 'a man', 'sfat' means 'lip', 're'ehu' means 'of his companion'.
[GEN.11.8] And Yahveh spread them from there over the face of all the earth, and they ceased to build the city. [§]
Vayafetz Yahveh otam misham al-penei kol-haaretz vayachdelu livnot ha'ir.
'Vayafetz' means 'and spread' or 'and scattered'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'otam' means 'them'. 'misham' means 'from there'. 'al-penei' means 'over the face of' (literally 'on the face of'). 'kol-haaretz' means 'all the earth' (kol = all, haaretz = the earth). 'vayachdelu' means 'and they ceased' or 'and they stopped'. 'livnot' means 'to build' (infinitive construct). 'ha'ir' means 'the city'.
[GEN.11.9] Therefore its name was called Babylon, because there Yahveh confused the speech of all the earth, and from there Yahveh scattered them over the face of all the earth. [§]
Al-ken qara shemah Babylon ki-sham balal Yahveh s'fat kol ha'aretz u-misham hefitzam Yahveh al-p'nei kol ha'aretz.
'Al-ken' means 'therefore', 'qara' means 'called', 'shemah' means 'its name', 'Babylon' is the proper name of the city, 'ki-sham' means 'because there', 'balal' means 'confused' or 'caused to babble', 'Yahveh' is the divine name, 's'fat' means 'speech' or 'language', 'kol ha'aretz' means 'all the earth', 'u-misham' means 'and from there', 'hefitzam' means 'scattered them', 'al-p'nei' means 'upon the faces of'.
[GEN.11.10] These are the generations of Shem: Shem lived a hundred years and fathered Arphaxad two years after the flood. [§]
Eleh toldot Shem Shem ben-meaah shanah vayoled et-Arphaxad shnatayim achar ha-mabbul.
'Eleh' means 'These'; 'toldot' means 'generations' or 'offspring'; the first 'Shem' is the name Shem; the second 'Shem' repeats the name as in the Hebrew phrase 'Shem Shem'; 'ben-meaah shanah' means 'son of a hundred years' i.e., lived one hundred years; 'vayoled' means 'and he fathered'; 'et-Arphaxad' means 'Arphaxad' (the object of fathering); 'shnatayim' means 'two years'; 'achar' means 'after'; 'ha-mabbul' means 'the flood'.
[GEN.11.11] Shem lived after he fathered Arpakshad for five hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
Vayehi-shem acharei holido et-arpakshad chamesh me'ot shana vayyoled banim uvanot.
'Vayehi' means 'and lived', 'Shem' is a proper name, 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he gave birth to' or 'he begot', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Arpakshad' is a proper name, 'chamesh' means 'five', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', together 'chamesh me'ot' = 'five hundred', 'shana' means 'years', 'vayyoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.11.12] And Arpaxad lived thirty‑five years, and he fathered Shelah. [§]
VeArpachshad chai chamesh ushloshim shana vayyoled et Shalach.
'Ve' means 'and', 'Arpachshad' is a proper name, 'chai' means 'lived' or 'was alive', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'u' means 'and', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'shana' means 'years', 'vayyoled' means 'and he fathered' or 'begot', 'et' is a grammatical marker for a direct object (no English equivalent), 'Shalach' is a proper name.
[GEN.11.13] Arphaxad lived after he fathered Shelah three years and four hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
Vayehi Arphakshad acharai holido et-shelach shalosh shanim ve-arba meot shana vayyoled banim uvanot.
'Vayehi' means 'and (he) lived', 'Arphakshad' is a proper name, 'acharai' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he fathered', 'et' is an object marker, 'shelach' means 'Shelah' (his son), 'shalosh' means 'three', 'shanim' means 'years', 've' means 'and', 'arba' means 'four', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'shana' means 'year', together 've-arba meot shana' means 'four hundred years', 'vayyoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.11.14] And his life lasted thirty years, and he fathered Eber. [§]
ve-shelach chay shloshim shanah va-yoled et-ev-er.
've-shelach' means 'and his life (was) sent/elapsed', 'chay' means 'life', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'va-yoled' means 'and he fathered/begot', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ev-er' is a proper name (Eber).
[GEN.11.15] He lived after he fathered Ever for three years and four hundred years, and he had sons and daughters. [§]
Vayehi-shelach acharei holido et Ever shalosh shanim ve'arba meot shana vayyoled banim uvanot.
'Vayehi-shelach' means 'and he lived'; 'acharei' means 'after'; 'holido' means 'he gave birth to' or 'he fathered'; 'et' is a direct object marker and is untranslated; 'Ever' is the personal name 'Ever'; 'shalosh' means 'three'; 'shanim' means 'years'; 've' is the conjunction 'and'; 'arba' means 'four'; 'meot' means 'hundreds'; 'shana' means 'year'; 'vayyoled' means 'and he fathered' or 'and he gave birth to'; 'banim' means 'sons'; 'uvanot' means 'daughters'.
[GEN.11.16] And Eber lived forty‑three years, and he fathered Peleg. [§]
Vayechi‑Eber arba ve‑shloshim shanah vayyoled et Paleg.
'Vayechi' means 'and (he) lived', 'Eber' is a proper name, 'arba' means 'four', 've‑shloshim' means 'and thirty' (together forty), 'shanah' means 'years', 'vayyoled' means 'and (he) fathered' or 'begot', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'Paleg' is a proper name meaning 'division' but is kept as a name here.
[GEN.11.17] And Esau lived after he fathered the half, thirty years and four hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
Vayehi-aver acharei holido et pelag shloshim shana ve'arba meot shana vayoled banim uvanot.
'Vayehi-aver' means 'and Esau lived', 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he fathered' or 'gave birth to', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'pelag' means 'a half' or 'portion', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'shana' means 'years', 've'arba' means 'and four', 'meot' means 'hundred', the second 'shana' again means 'years', 'vayoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', and 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.11.18] And Peleg lived thirty years, and he fathered Reu. [§]
Vay-chi Peleg shloshim shanah vay-yoled et Reu.
'Vay-chi' means 'and lived', 'Peleg' is a personal name, 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'vay-yoled' means 'and he fathered/birthed', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, and 'Reu' is a personal name.
[GEN.11.19] And Pelag lived after he begot Reu nine years and two hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
vayechi pelag acharei holido et Reu tesha shanim u-matayim shanah vayoled banim u-vanot.
'vayechi' means 'and lived', 'pelag' is a proper name, 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he begot', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Reu' is a proper name, 'tesha' means 'nine', 'shanim' means 'years', 'u-matayim' means 'and two hundred', 'shanah' means 'year' (used here for 'years'), 'vayoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'u-vanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.11.20] Reu lived thirty-two years and begot Serug. [§]
vaychi reu shatayim ushloshim shanah vayyoled et serug.
'vaychi' means 'and lived', 'reu' is the personal name Reu, 'shatayim' means 'two', 'ushloshim' means 'and thirty', 'shanah' means 'year', 'vayyoled' means 'and begot', 'et' is the direct object marker (not rendered in English), 'serug' is the personal name Serug.
[GEN.11.21] Reu lived after he gave birth to Serug, seven years and two hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters. [§]
vayechi reu acharei holido et-serug sheva shanim umatayim shana vayoled banim uvanot s
'vayechi' means 'and he lived', 'reu' is a proper name (Reu), 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'who gave birth to him', 'et-serug' means 'Serug', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shanim' means 'years', 'umatayim' means 'two hundred', 'shana' means 'year', 'vayoled' means 'and he begot', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters', 's' is a textual marker.
[GEN.11.22] And Serug lived thirty years, and he fathered Nahor. [§]
Vaychi Serug shloshim shanah vayyoled et Nahor.
'Vaychi' means 'and he lived', 'Serug' is the personal name Serug, 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'vayyoled' means 'and he fathered' or 'begot', 'et' is the accusative marker with no direct English equivalent, 'Nahor' is the personal name Nahor.
[GEN.11.23] And he lived after he begot Noah two hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters. [§]
Va yechi Surg acharei holido et Nachor matayim shana va yored banim ubanot.
'Va' means 'and', 'yechi' means 'he lived', 'Surg' is the name of the patriarch, 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he fathered' or 'he begot', 'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object, 'Nachor' means 'Noah', 'matayim' means 'two hundred', 'shana' means 'years', 'va' means 'and', 'yored' means 'he begot', 'banim' means 'sons', 'ubanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.11.24] And Nahor lived twenty‑nine years and fathered Tarach. [§]
vayyichi Nachor tesha ve'esrim shana vayyoled et Tarach.
'vayyichi' means 'and lived', 'Nachor' is a proper name, 'tesha' means 'nine', 've'esrim' means 'and twenty', the phrase 'tesha ve'esrim' is an ancient Hebrew idiom for 'twenty‑nine', 'shana' means 'year', 'vayyoled' means 'and fathered' or 'begot', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Tarach' is a proper name.
[GEN.11.25] And Nahor lived after he fathered Terah nineteen years and a hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters. [§]
Vaychi Nahor acharei holido et-Terah teshah-esreh shana u-meat shana vayyoled banim uvanot.
'Vaychi' means 'and he lived', 'Nahor' is the name Nahor, 'acharei' means 'after', 'holido' means 'he fathered him', 'et-Terah' means 'Terah (a person)', 'teshah-esreh' means 'nineteen', 'shana' means 'years', 'u-meat' means 'and a hundred', the second 'shana' again means 'years', 'vayyoled' means 'and he fathered', 'banim' means 'sons', 'uvanot' means 'and daughters'.
[GEN.11.26] And Terah lived seventy years and fathered Abram, Nahor, and Haran. [§]
Vayehi-Terach shiv'im shanah vayyoled et Avram et Nachor ve et Haran.
'Vayehi' means 'and lived', 'Terach' is the proper name Terah, 'shiv'im' means 'seventy', 'shanah' means 'years', 'vayyoled' means 'and fathered' or 'and gave birth to', 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'Avram' is the proper name Abram, the second 'et' again marks the next object, 'Nachor' is the proper name Nahor, 've' means 'and', the third 'et' again marks the final object, 'Haran' is the proper name Haran.
[GEN.11.27] And these are the generations of Terach: Terach fathered Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran fathered Lot. [§]
ve'eleh toledot terach terach holid et avram et nachor ve'et haran ve haran holid et lot.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'toledot' means 'generations' or 'descendants', 'terach' is a proper name (Terach), the second 'terach' repeats the name for emphasis, 'holid' means 'fathered' or 'begot', 'et' is an accusative particle marking the direct object, 'avram' is the proper name Abram, 'nachor' is the proper name Nahor, 've'et' means 'and' followed by the accusative particle, 'haran' is the proper name Haran, the second 'haran' repeats the name, 'holid' again means 'fathered', and 'lot' is the proper name Lot.
[GEN.11.28] And Haran died before his father Terach in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldees. [§]
Vayamat Haran al-pnei Terach aviv be'eretz moladto be'Ur Kasdim.
'Vayamat' means 'and died', 'Haran' is a personal name, 'al-pnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'Terach' is the name of his father, 'aviv' means 'his father', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'moladto' means 'of his birth', 'be'Ur' means 'in Ur', and 'Kasdim' means 'of the Chaldees'.
[GEN.11.29] And Abram and Nahor took wives for them; the name of Abram's wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor's wife was Milcah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah and the father of Yiskah. [§]
vayyikkach Avram ve-Nachor lahem nashim, shem eshet-Avram Sarai ve-shem eshet-Nachor Milcah bat-Haran avi-Milcah va-avi Yiskah.
'vayyikkach' means 'and he took', 'Avram' is the personal name Abram, 've-Nachor' means 'and Nahor', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'nashim' means 'wives', 'shem' means 'the name', 'eshet-Avram' means 'wife of Abram', 'Sarai' is the name Sarai, 've-shem' means 'and the name', 'eshet-Nachor' means 'wife of Nahor', 'Milcah' is the name Milcah, 'bat-Haran' means 'daughter of Haran', 'avi-Milcah' means 'father of Milcah', 'va-avi Yiskah' means 'and father of Yiskah'.
[GEN.11.30] Sarah was barren; there was no child for her. [§]
Vattehi Sarah akarah ein lah valad.
'Vattehi' means 'and she became/was', 'Sarah' is the proper name Sarah, 'akarah' means 'barren', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'lah' means 'to her', 'valad' means 'and child' i.e., 'a child'.
[GEN.11.31] And Terach took Abram his son, and Lot son of Haran his grandson, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, Abram's wife, and they went out together from Ur of the Chaldees to go to the land of Canaan; and they came to Haran and dwelt there. [§]
Vayikach Terach et Avram beno ve et Lot ben Haran ben beno ve et Sarai kallato eshet Avram beno vayetz'u ittam me Ur Kasdim lalekhet artzah Kena'an vayavo'u ad Charan vayeshvu sham.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Terach' is the name Terach, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Avram' means 'Abram', 'beno' means 'his son', 've' means 'and', 'et' (again) is the object marker, 'Lot' is the name Lot, 'ben' means 'son', 'Haran' is the name Haran, 'ben' again 'son', 'beno' 'his grandson', 've' 'and', 'et' object marker, 'Sarai' the name Sarai, 'kallato' means 'his daughter-in-law', 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Avram' Abram, 'beno' his son, 'vayetz'u' means 'and they went out', 'ittam' means 'with them', 'me' means 'from', 'Ur' the city Ur, 'Kasdim' means 'the Chaldees', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'artzah' means 'land', 'Kena'an' means 'Canaan', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'ad' means 'to', 'Charan' the city Haran, 'vayeshvu' means 'and they dwelt', 'sham' means 'there'.
[GEN.11.32] And the days of Terach were five years and two hundred years, and Terach died in Haran. [§]
Vayehi'u yemei-Terach chamesh shanim u'ma'atayim shanah vayamat Terach beCharan.
'Vayehi'u' means 'and it happened' or 'and were', 'yemei' means 'the days of', 'Terach' is the proper name Terach, 'chamesh' means 'five', 'shanim' means 'years', 'u'' means 'and', 'ma'atayim' means 'two hundred', 'shanah' means 'year' (singular in this construct), 'vayamat' means 'and died', 'beCharan' means 'in Haran'.
GEN.12
[GEN.12.1] Yahveh said to Abram, Go to yourself from your land and from your birthplace and from your father's house to the land that I will show you. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Avram lekh lekha me-aretzcha u-mimoldatcha u-mi-beit avikha el ha-aretz asher areka.
'Vayomer' means 'and He said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'el-Avram' means 'to Abram', 'lekh' means 'go', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'me-aretzcha' means 'from your land', 'u-mimoldatcha' means 'and from your birthplace', 'u-mi-beit avikha' means 'and from your father's house', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that', 'areka' means 'I will show you'.
[GEN.12.2] and I will make you a great nation and I will bless you and I will make your name great and be a blessing. [§]
ve'esecha legoi gadol va'varekha va'agdela shemecha veheyye beracha.
've'esecha' means 'and I will make you', 'legoi' means 'to a nation', 'gadol' means 'great', 'va'varekha' means 'and I will bless you', 'va'agdela' means 'and I will make great', 'shemecha' means 'your name', 'veheyye' means 'and be', 'beracha' means 'a blessing'.
[GEN.12.3] And I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse those who curse you, and all the families of the earth will be blessed in you. [§]
vaaverkha mevarchecha umekallelecha aor venivrechu becha kol mishpechot haadamah
'vaaverkha' means 'and I will bless', 'mevarchecha' means 'those who bless you', 'umekallelecha' means 'and those who curse you', 'aor' means 'I will cause/declare', 'venivrechu' means 'and they will be blessed', 'becha' means 'in you', 'kol' means 'all', 'mishpechot' means 'families', 'haadamah' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.12.4] And Abram went as Yahveh spoke to him, and he went with Lot; and Abram was five years and seventy years when he went out from Haran. [§]
Vayeilekh Avram ka'asher diber elav Yahveh vayelekh ito Lot veAvram ben chamesh shanim ve shivim shana be-tezto mecharan.
'Vayeilekh' means 'and he went', 'Avram' means 'Abram', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'according to', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yahveh' means the personal name of God, 'vayeilekh' means 'and he went', 'ito' means 'with him', 'Lot' means 'Lot', 'veAvram' means 'and Abram', 'ben chamesh' means 'son of five' i.e., 'five years old', 'shanim' means 'years', 've shivim' means 'and seventy', 'shana' means 'years', 'be-tezto' means 'when he went out', 'mecharan' means 'from Haran'.
[GEN.12.5] And Abraham took Sarai his wife, and Lot the son of his brother, and all their possessions that they had acquired, and the people who were with them in Haran; and they set out to go to the land of Canaan, and they came to the land of Canaan. [§]
Vayikach Avram et Sarai ishto ve et Lot ben achiv ve et kol rekhusham asher rakashu ve et ha nefes asher asu becharan vayetseu lalekhet eretz Kenaan vayavohu eretz Kenaan.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Avram' is the name Abraham, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Sarai' is his wife, 'ishto' means 'his wife', 've' means 'and', 'Lot' is his nephew, 'ben' means 'son', 'achiv' means 'of his brother', 've et kol rekhusham' means 'and all their possessions', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'rakashu' means 'they acquired', 've et ha nefes' means 'and the people', 'asher asu' means 'that they made/that were with them', 'becharan' means 'in Haran', 'vayetseu' means 'they went out', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'eretz Kenaan' means 'the land of Canaan', 'vayavohu' means 'and they came to'.
[GEN.12.6] And Abram passed through the land to the place of Shechem, to the oak of Moreh, and the Canaanites were then in the land. [§]
Vayyaavor Avram ba'aretz ad makom Shechem ad Elon Moreh vehaKna'ani az ba'aretz.
'Vayyaavor' means 'and he passed', 'Avram' is the proper name Abram, 'ba'aretz' means 'in the land', 'ad' means 'to' or 'until', 'makom' means 'place', 'Shechem' is the name of a city, 'Elon' means 'oak', 'Moreh' means 'teacher' or 'oracle', 'vehaKna'ani' means 'and the Canaanite (people)', 'az' means 'then', the final 'ba'aretz' repeats 'in the land'.
[GEN.12.7] And Yahveh appeared to Abram and said, 'To your offspring I will give this land.' Then he built there an altar to Yahveh, the one who appeared to him. [§]
Vayera Yahveh el-Avram vayomer le-zaracha etten et-haaretz hazot vayiven sham mizbeach laYahveh hanireh elav.
'Vayera' means 'and appeared', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Avram' means 'to Abram', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'le-zaracha' means 'to your offspring', 'etten' means 'I will give', 'et-haaretz' means 'the land', 'hazot' means 'this', 'vayiven' means 'and he built', 'sham' means 'there', 'mizbeach' means 'an altar', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'hanireh' means 'the one who appears', 'elav' means 'to him'.
[GEN.12.8] And he cut off from there the hill that was in front of the house of God, and he pitched his tent at the house of God, from the sea and the valley in front, and he built there an altar to Yahveh, and he called it in the name of Yahveh. [§]
vayatek misham haharah mikedem lebeit-el vayet aholo beit-el miyam veha'ai mikedem vayiven sham mizbeach layahveh vayikra beshem Yahveh.
'vayatek' means 'and he cut off', 'misham' means 'from there', 'haharah' means 'the hill', 'mikedem' means 'from the east/front', 'lebeit-el' means 'to the house of God', 'vayet' means 'and he pitched', 'aholo' means 'his tent', 'beit-el' means 'house of God', 'miyam' means 'from the sea', 'veha'ai' means 'and the valley', the second 'mikedem' repeats 'from the east', 'vayiven' means 'and he built', 'sham' means 'there', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'beshem' means 'in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[GEN.12.9] Abram set out, walking and traveling to the north. [§]
Vayissa Avram Halokh Ve nasonoa hanegvah.
'Vayissa' means 'and he set out', 'Avram' is the proper name Abram, 'Halokh' means 'walking' or 'going', 'Ve' is the conjunction 'and', 'nasonoa' means 'traveling' or 'going on a journey', 'hanegvah' means 'the northward' or 'to the north'.
[GEN.12.10] And there was famine in the land, and Abram went down to Egypt to sojourn there because the famine was severe in the land. [§]
Va-yehi raav baaretz va-ye'red Avram miTzrayimah lagur sham ki-kaved ha raav baaretz.
'Va-yehi' means 'and it was', 'raav' means 'famine', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'va-ye'red' means 'and he went down', 'Avram' is the proper name Abram, 'miTzrayimah' means 'from Egypt' (or 'to Egypt' in this context), 'lagur' means 'to dwell' or 'to sojourn', 'sham' means 'there', 'ki' means 'because', 'kaved' means 'heavy' or 'severe', 'ha raav' means 'the famine', and the second 'baaretz' repeats 'in the land'.
[GEN.12.11] And it happened when he drew near to go to Egypt, and he said to Sarai his wife, "Behold now, I have known that you are a woman of beautiful appearance." [§]
va-ye-hi ka-a-sher hi-kri-v la-vo mitz-ra-yim va-yo-mer el Sa-rai i-shto hi-ne na ya-da-ti ki i-sha ye-fat mar-a-eh at.
'va-ye-hi' means 'and it happened', 'ka-a-sher' means 'when', 'hi-kri-v' means 'he drew near', 'la-vo' means 'to go', 'mitz-ra-yim' means 'to Egypt', 'va-yo-mer' means 'and he said', 'el' means 'to', 'Sa-rai' is the personal name Sarai, 'i-shto' means 'his wife', 'hi-ne' means 'behold', 'na' is an emphatic particle 'now', 'ya-da-ti' means 'I have known', 'ki' means 'that', 'i-sha' means 'woman', 'ye-fat' means 'beautiful', 'mar-a-eh' means 'appearance', 'at' means 'you' (feminine).
[GEN.12.12] And it shall be when the Egyptians see you, and they will say "this is his wife", and they will kill me and keep you alive. [§]
vehayah ki yiru otach hamitzrim ve'amru ishto zot ve'hargu oti ve'otach yichyu.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ki' means 'when' or 'because', 'yiru' means 'they will see', 'otach' means 'you (feminine) object', 'hamitzrim' means 'the Egyptians', 've'amru' means 'and they will say', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'zot' means 'this', 've'hargu' means 'and they will kill', 'oti' means 'me', 've'otach' means 'and you', 'yichyu' means 'they will keep alive'.
[GEN.12.13] Say, please, my sister, you, for the sake that it may be good to me because of you, and my soul shall live by your merit. [§]
Imri na achoti at lema'an yitav li ba'avurekh vechaytah nafshi biglalech.
'Imri' means 'say', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'please', 'achoti' means 'my sister', 'at' means 'you' (feminine singular), 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'yitav' means 'it will be good' or 'may it be favorable', 'li' means 'to me', 'ba'avurekh' means 'because of you' or 'for your sake', 'vechaytah' means 'and shall live', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'biglalech' means 'by your merit' or 'through your benefit'.
[GEN.12.14] And it was when Abram came to Egypt, the Egyptians saw the woman because she was very beautiful. [§]
Vayehi kevo Avram miTzrayim vayiru haMitzrim et ha'isha ki yafah hi meod.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kevo' means 'when', 'Avram' is the name Abram, 'miTzrayim' means 'to Egypt' (literally 'from Egypt' but here indicates movement into Egypt), 'vayiru' means 'and they saw', 'haMitzrim' means 'the Egyptians', 'et' is the object marker (no English equivalent), 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'ki' means 'because', 'yafah' means 'beautiful', 'hi' means 'she', 'meod' means 'very'.
[GEN.12.15] And the chief officials of Pharaoh saw her and praised her to Pharaoh, and the woman was taken to Pharaoh's house. [§]
vayyir'u otah sarei par'oh vayehallu otah el-par'oh vatukka ha'isha beit par'oh.
'vayyir'u' means 'and they saw', 'otah' means 'her', 'sarei' means 'chiefs' or 'officials', 'par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'vayehallu' means 'and they praised', 'el-par'oh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'vatukka' means 'and she was taken', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'beit' means 'house', 'par'oh' means 'Pharaoh'.
[GEN.12.16] And to Abram he acted kindly for his sake, and he had sheep and cattle and donkeys and servants and maidservants and asses and camels. [§]
Ule'Avram heitiv ba'avurah vayhi-lo tzon-u-bakar vachamorim va'avadim u'shefchot va'atonot u'gmelim.
'Ule'Avram' means 'and to Abram', 'heitiv' means 'he acted kindly' or 'he was good', 'ba'avurah' means 'for his sake', 'vayhi-lo' means 'and it was to him' i.e., 'and he had', 'tzon' means 'flock' (sheep), 'u-bakar' means 'and cattle', 'vachamorim' means 'and donkeys', 'va'avadim' means 'and servants', 'u-shefchot' means 'and maidservants', 'va'atonot' means 'and asses', 'u-gmelim' means 'and camels'.
[GEN.12.17] And Yahveh struck the Pharaoh with great plagues and his household because of Sarai, wife of Abram. [§]
Va-yanaga Yahveh et-Pharaoh negaim gedolim ve-et-beto al-devar Sarai eshet Abram.
'Va-yanaga' means 'and struck', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-Pharaoh' means 'the Pharaoh', 'negaim' means 'plagues' (plural of nagah), 'gedolim' means 'great', 've-et-beto' means 'and his household', 'al-devar' means 'because of the matter of', 'Sarai' is a proper name, 'eshet' means 'wife of', and 'Abram' is a proper name.
[GEN.12.18] And Pharaoh called Abram and said, what this you have done to me; why not you told me because your wife she is. [§]
vayikra paroh leAbram vayomer mah zot asita li lama lo higgadta li ki ishetcha hi.
'vayikra' means 'and called', 'paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'leAbram' means 'to Abram', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'mah' means 'what', 'zot' means 'this', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'li' means 'to me', 'lama' means 'why', 'lo' means 'not', 'higgadta' means 'you told', 'ki' means 'because', 'ishetcha' means 'your wife', 'hi' means 'she is'.
[GEN.12.19] Why did you say, 'My sister is (the woman)'; and I take her for myself as a wife; and now, behold, your wife, take her and go. [§]
Lamah amarta achoti hi, va'ekach otah li le'isha, ve'atta hineh ishtecha kach, va'lech.
'Lamah' means 'why', 'amarta' means 'you said', 'achoti' means 'my sister', 'hi' means 'she is', 'va'ekach' means 'and I take', 'otah' means 'her', 'li' means 'for me', 'le'isha' means 'as a wife', 've'atta' means 'and now', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ishtacha' means 'your wife', 'kach' means 'take', 'va'lech' means 'and go'.
[GEN.12.20] And Pharaoh commanded concerning him, men, and they sent him, his wife, and all that was his. [§]
Vayetsev alav Paroh anashim vayeshallchu oto ve'et ishto ve'et kol asher lo.
'Vayetsev' means 'and he commanded', 'alav' means 'concerning him', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'anashim' means 'men', 'vayeshallchu' means 'and they sent', 'oto' means 'him', 've'et' means 'and [the]', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 've'et' again means 'and [the]', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lo' means 'was his' or 'belonged to him'.
GEN.13
[GEN.13.1] And Abram went up from Egypt, he and his wife and all that was his, and Lot with him to the south. [§]
va-yaal avram mi-mitzrayim hu ve-ishto ve-khol asher-lo ve-lot immo ha-negbah.
'va-yaal' means 'and went up', 'avram' is the personal name Abram, 'mi-mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'hu' means 'he', 've-ishto' means 'and his wife', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'asher-lo' means 'that was his' or 'that belonged to him', 've-lot' means 'and Lot', 'immo' means 'with him', 'ha-negbah' means 'the south' or 'the southward direction'.
[GEN.13.2] And Abram was very wealthy in livestock, in silver, and in gold. [§]
veAvram kaved meod ba-mikneh ba-kesef u-va-zahav.
've' means 'and', 'Avram' is the name Abram, 'kaved' means 'was heavy' or idiomatically 'was rich', 'meod' means 'very', 'ba-mikneh' means 'in the livestock', 'ba-kesef' means 'in the silver', 'u-va-zahav' means 'and in the gold'.
[GEN.13.3] And he went on his journey from the west to the house of God, to the place that was there a tent at the beginning, between the house of God and the town. [§]
vayyelech lemasaa'av minnegav ve'ad beit el ad hamakom asher haya sham aholoh batechila bein beit el uvein ha'ai.
'vayyelech' means 'and he went', 'lemasaa'av' means 'on his journey(s)', 'minnegav' means 'from the west', 've'ad' means 'and to', 'beit el' means 'house of God' (El = God), 'ad' means 'to', 'hamakom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'that', 'haya' means 'was', 'sham' means 'there', 'aholoh' means 'a tent', 'batechila' means 'at the beginning', 'bein' means 'between', 'beit el' again means 'house of God', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'ha'ai' is understood as 'the town' or 'the settlement' based on context.
[GEN.13.4] To the place of the altar that he made there first, and he called there Abram in the name Yahveh. [§]
El-makom ha-mizbeach asher-asa sham barishona vayikra sham Avram be-shem Yehovah.
'El' means 'to', 'makom' means 'place', 'ha-mizbeach' means 'the altar', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asa' means 'he made', 'sham' means 'there', 'barishona' means 'first', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', another 'sham' means 'there', 'Avram' is the personal name Abram, 'be-shem' means 'in the name of', and 'Yehovah' is the transliteration of YHVH, which we render as 'Yahveh' according to the given rule for divine names.
[GEN.13.5] And also Lot, the traveling companion of Abraham, had sheep, cattle, and tents. [§]
vegam lelot haholech et avram hayah tzon uvaqar veohalim.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'lelot' means the name 'Lot', 'haholech' means 'the traveling one', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'avram' means 'Abraham', 'hayah' means 'was', 'tzon' means 'flock (sheep)', 'uvaqar' means 'and cattle', 'veohalim' means 'and tents'.
[GEN.13.6] And the earth could not bear them together, because their wealth was great and they could not dwell together. [§]
ve lo nasa otam haaretz lashevet yachdav ki hayah rekusham rav ve lo yachlu lashevet yachdav.
've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'nasa' means 'to bear' or 'to lift', 'otam' means 'them' (object marker plus pronoun), 'haaretz' means 'the earth' or 'the land', 'lashevet' means 'to sit' or 'to dwell', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'ki' means 'because', 'hayah' means 'was', 'rekusham' means 'their possession' or 'their wealth', 'rav' means 'great' or 'many', 've' again means 'and', 'lo' again means 'not', 'yachlu' means 'they could', 'lashevet' again means 'to sit' or 'to dwell', 'yachdav' again means 'together'.
[GEN.13.7] And there was a strife between the herders of Abram's flock and the herders of Lot's flock, and also between the Canaanite and the Perizzite; then the land was inhabited. [§]
Vayehi riv bein roei miknei Avram uvein roei miknei Lot ve haknaani ve haprizi az yosev baaretz.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'riv' means 'a strife' or 'conflict', 'bein' means 'between', 'roei' means 'herders' or 'shepherds', 'miknei' means 'of the flock', 'Avram' is the personal name Abram, 'uvein' means 'and between', 'Lot' is the personal name Lot, 've' means 'and', 'haknaani' means 'the Canaanite', 've' again means 'and', 'haprizi' means 'the Perizzite', 'az' means 'then' or 'at that time', 'yosev' means 'dwelt' or 'inhabited', 'baaretz' means 'in the land'.
[GEN.13.8] And Abram said to Lot, Do not now be a dispute between me and you, and between my flocks and your flocks, for we are men of the same kind. [§]
vayomer Avram el-Lot al na tehi merivah beyn-i uveinecha uvein ro'i uvein roecha ki anashim achim anachnu
"vayomer" means "and he said", "Avram" is the name Abram, "el" means "to", "Lot" is the name Lot, "al" means "do not", "na" means "please", "tehi" means "be", "merivah" means "contention" or "dispute", "beyn-i" means "between me", "uveinecha" means "and between you", "uvein" means "and between", "ro'i" means "my flocks" (literally "my shepherds"), "uvein ro'echa" means "and between your flocks", "ki" means "for", "anashim" means "men", "achim" means "brothers" or "of the same kind", "anachnu" means "we".
[GEN.13.9] Is not all the earth before you? Please set apart from me either the left or the right, and also the right side. [§]
halo kol ha-aretz lefanekha hippared na me'alai im ha-smol ve'emin ve'im ha-yamin ve'ashme'ila.
'halo' means 'is not', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'hippared' means 'separate' or 'set apart', 'na' means 'please', 'me'alai' means 'from me' or 'away from me', 'im' means 'if' or 'whether', 'ha-smol' means 'the left', 've'emin' means 'and the right', 've'im' means 'and if', 'ha-yamin' means 'the right', 've'ashme'ila' is a difficult form likely meaning 'and (let) be set aside' or a poetic repeat of the request.
[GEN.13.10] And Lot lifted his eyes and saw all the banks of the Jordan, for it was all a drinking place before the ruin of Yahveh over Sodom and over Gomorrah, like the garden of Yahveh, like the land of Egypt, a bitter waste. [§]
Vayissa Lot et einav vayare et kol kichkar hayarden ki kulla mashkeh lifnei sachat Yahveh et Sedom ve et Amorah kehgan Yahveh ke eretz Mitzrayim bo'acha tzoar.
'Vayissa' means 'and lifted', 'Lot' is the proper name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'einav' means 'his eyes', 'vayare' means 'and saw', 'kol' means 'all', 'kichkar' means 'banks', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'ki' means 'because', 'kulla' means 'it all', 'mashkeh' means 'was a drinking place', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'sachat' means 'ruin/destruction', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'et' again object marker, 'Sedom' and 'Amorah' are the cities Sodom and Gomorrah, 'kehgan' means 'like a garden', 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'ke eretz' means 'like the land', 'Mitzrayim' is Egypt, 'bo'acha' means 'a bitter waste', 'tzoar' means 'waste' or 'desert'.
[GEN.13.11] And Lot chose all the region of the Jordan, and Lot set out from the east, and each man was separated from his brother. [§]
vayivchar-lo lot et kol-kikkar haYarden vayissa lot mikedem vayipardu ish me'al achiv.
'vayivchar' means 'he chose', 'lo' means 'for him', 'lot' is the name Lot, 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'kikkar' is a place‑name meaning 'region', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'vayissa' means 'and he set out', 'mikedem' means 'from the east', 'vayipardu' means 'and they were scattered' or 'departed', 'ish' means 'each man', 'me'al' means 'from', 'achiv' means 'his brother'.
[GEN.13.12] Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan and Lot dwelt in the cities of the plain and he moved toward Sodom. [§]
Avram yashav be'eretz-kena'an veLot yashav be'arei hakikar vay'ehal ad-sedom.
'Avram' means 'Abram', 'yashav' means 'dwelt', 'be'eretz-kena'an' means 'in the land of Canaan', 'veLot' means 'and Lot', 'yashav' means 'dwelt' (repeated), 'be'arei' means 'in the cities of', 'hakikar' means 'the plain', 'vay'ehal' means 'and he moved', 'ad' means 'to' or 'toward', 'sedom' means 'Sodom'.
[GEN.13.13] And the men of Sodom, wicked and sinful, are exceedingly hostile to Yahveh. [§]
veanshei Sedom raim vechataim layahveh meod
've' means 'and', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'Sedom' is the name of the city Sodom, 'raim' means 'evil' or 'wicked', the second 've' again means 'and', 'chataim' means 'sinners' or 'those who sin', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the dative form of the divine name Yahveh), and 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly', often intensifying the preceding statement.
[GEN.13.14] And Yahveh said to Abram after he had sent Lot away from him, 'Lift up your eyes now and look from the place where you are, to the north, the south, the east, and the west.' [§]
Vayei Yahveh amar el-Avram achar hi'parad Lot me'immo, sa na eincha ure'eh min-hamakom asher-atah sham tzafon va'negva veqedma vayama.
'Vayei' means 'And', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'amar' means 'said', 'el-Avram' means 'to Abram', 'achar' means 'after', 'hi'parad' means 'he sent away', 'Lot' is the proper name, 'me'immo' means 'from his (company)', 'sa' means 'lift up', 'na' is a particle of pleading, 'eincha' means 'your eyes', 'ure'eh' means 'and see', 'min-hamakom' means 'from the place', 'asher-atah' means 'where you are', 'sham' means 'there', 'tzafon' means 'north', 'va' means 'and', 'negva' means 'south', 'veqedma' means 'east', 'vayama' means 'west'.
[GEN.13.15] For all the earth that you see I will give to you and to your offspring forever. [§]
Ki et kol haaretzasher attah roeh lekha etnenah ulezaracha ad olam.
'Ki' means 'for', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all' or 'the whole', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'asher' means 'that', 'attah' means 'you' (addressed to God), 'roeh' means 'you see', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'etnenah' means 'I will give', 'ulezaracha' means 'and to your offspring', 'ad' means 'until' or 'forever', 'olam' means 'everlasting'.
[GEN.13.16] I will set your seed like the dust of the earth; even if a man can count the dust of the earth, also your seed shall be counted. [§]
ve-samti et-zarcha ka-afar ha-aretz asher im-yukhal ish limnot et-afar ha-aretz gam-zarcha yimanah.
've-samti' means 'and I will set', 'et-' is the accusative particle (no English equivalent), 'zarcha' means 'your seed', 'ka-afar' means 'like dust', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'asher' means 'that' or 'who', 'im-yukhal' means 'if can', 'ish' means 'a man', 'limnot' means 'to count', the second 'et-' is again the accusative particle, 'afar' means 'dust', the second 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'gam' means 'also', the second 'zarcha' means 'your seed', and 'yimanah' means 'shall be counted'.
[GEN.13.17] Rise, walk in the earth to its length and its breadth, for I will give it to you. [§]
Kum hithalech ba'aretz le'arkhah u'lerachbatah ki lekha etnenah.
'Kum' means 'rise' or 'stand up', 'hithalech' means 'walk' (imperative form), 'ba'aretz' means 'in the earth', 'le'arkhah' means 'to its length', 'u'lerachbatah' means 'and to its breadth', 'ki' means 'for', 'lekha' means 'to you' (dative), 'etnenah' means 'I will give it' (future first‑person singular with emphatic suffix).
[GEN.13.18] And Abram went, and he came, and he dwelt in the oaks of Mamre which are in Hebron, and he built there an altar to Yahveh. [§]
Va-ye'ehal Avram va-yavo vayeshav be-Elonei Mamre asher be-Hebron vayiven-sham mitzbeach la-Yahveh.
'Va-ye'ehal' means 'and he went', 'Avram' is the proper name Abram, 'va-yavo' means 'and he came', 'vayeshav' means 'and he dwelt', 'be-Elonei' means 'in the oaks of', 'Mamre' is the place Mamre, 'asher' means 'which', 'be-Hebron' means 'in Hebron', 'vayiven' means 'and he built', 'sham' means 'there', 'mitzbeach' means 'an altar', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHWH translated literally as Yahveh).
GEN.14
[GEN.14.1] And it happened in the days of Amraphel, king of Shinar; Ariyokh, king of Ellasar; Kedar Lomer, king of Elam; and Tidal, king of the nations. [§]
Vayehi bimei Amraphel melech Shin'ar Ariyokh melech Ellasar kedarl'omer melech Eylam vetidal melech goyim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'bimei' means 'in the days of', 'Amraphel' is a proper name (a king), 'melech' means 'king', 'Shin'ar' is a proper name (the land of Shinar), 'Ariyokh' is a proper name (a king), 'Ellasar' is a proper name (a kingdom), 'kedarl'omer' is a compound proper name (Kedar Lomer), 'Eylam' is a proper name (Elam), 'vetidal' means 'and Tidal' (a proper name with the conjunction 'and'), 'goyim' means 'of the nations'.
[GEN.14.2] They made war against Bera, king of Sodom, and against Birsha, king of Amorah; Shinav, king of Admah, and Shemeaver, king of the armies, and King Bela, it is a lament. [§]
asoo milchamah et-bera melek Sedom ve-et-birsha melek Amorah Shinav melek Admah ve-shemeaver melek Tseboyim u-melek Bela hi-tzoar.
'asoo' means 'they made' or 'they did', 'milchamah' means 'war', 'et-bera' is a proper name 'Bera', 'melek' means 'king', 'Sedom' is 'Sodom', 've-et-birsha' means 'and (against) Birsha', another proper name, 'Amorah' is a proper name, 'Shinav' is a proper name, 'Admah' is a proper name, 've-shemeaver' means 'and Shemeaver', another proper name, 'Tseboyim' means 'of the armies', 'u-melek' means 'and king', 'Bela' is a proper name, 'hi-tzoar' means 'it is a lament' (literally 'she is a lament').
[GEN.14.3] All these joined to the valley of the fields; he is the salty sea. [§]
Kol-elleh chaveru el-Emek haSiddim hu yam ha-melach.
'Kol-elleh' means 'all these', 'chaveru' means 'joined' or 'were united', 'el' means 'to', 'Emek' means 'valley', 'haSiddim' means 'the fields', 'hu' means 'he', 'yam' means 'sea', 'ha-melach' means 'the salty'.
[GEN.14.4] Sixteen years they served Kedarlamer, and thirteen years they rebelled. [§]
shtey esreh shana avdu et kedarlamer ve-shlosh esreh shana maradu.
'shtey' means 'two', 'esreh' means 'ten' (together 'sixteen'), 'shana' means 'year' (pluralized by context), 'avdu' means 'they served', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kedarlamer' is treated as a proper name, 've' means 'and', 'shlosh' means 'three', together with 'esreh' means 'thirteen', the second 'shana' again means 'year(s)', and 'maradu' means 'they rebelled'.
[GEN.14.5] In the fourteenth year the one called Kedarlaom came, and the kings who were with him struck the Rephaim with the horns, and the Zuzim with them, and the Emim in the midst of the cities. [§]
uve'arba esreh shana ba kedarlaom er ve'hamelachim asher ito vayaku et-rephaim be'astrot cornayim ve'et-hazuzim beham ve'et ha-eimim be'shoveh qiryatayim.
'uve'arba' means 'and in four', 'esreh' means 'ten', together 'in the fourteenth', 'shana' means 'year', 'ba' means 'came', 'kedarlaom' is a proper name (likely a place or person), 'er' is a connective particle, 've'hamelachim' means 'and the kings', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'with him', 'vayaku' means 'they struck', 'et-rephaim' means 'the Rephaim' (a group of ancient giants), 'be'astrot' means 'with' (instrumental), 'cornayim' means 'horns' (literally 'horns'), 've'et-hazuzim' means 'and the Zuzim' (another group), 'beham' means 'with them', 've'et' means 'and the', 'ha-eimim' means 'the Emim' (another group of giants), 'be'shoveh' means 'in the midst of', 'qiryatayim' means 'the cities' (dual form).
[GEN.14.6] And the Horite in the Seir mountains to Ram Paaran that is over the desert. [§]
ve'et ha-hori be-harram se'ir ad eil paaran asher al ha-midbar.
've'et' means 'and (the object)', 'ha-hori' means 'the Horite (person/people)', 'be-harram' means 'in the mountains', 'se'ir' means 'Seir (a region)', 'ad' means 'to' or 'as far as', 'eil' means 'ram', 'paaran' is a proper name (Paaran), 'asher' means 'that', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'ha-midbar' means 'the desert'.
[GEN.14.7] And they turned and came to the spring of judgment, it is holy, and they struck the whole field of the Amalekite, and also the Amorite who dwells in the thicket of the palm. [§]
Vayashvu vayavo el ein mishpat hiya kadesh vayakku et kol sde haamaleki vegam et haemori hayoshev bechatzson tamar.
'Vayashvu' means 'and they turned', 'vayavo' means 'and they came', 'el' means 'to', 'ein' means 'spring', 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'hiya' means 'it is', 'kadesh' means 'holy', 'vayakku' means 'and they struck', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered), 'kol' means 'all', 'sde' means 'field', 'haamaleki' means 'the Amalekite', 'vegam' means 'also', 'haemori' means 'the Amorite', 'hayoshev' means 'who dwells', 'bechatzson' means 'in the thicket', 'tamar' means 'of the palm'.
[GEN.14.8] And the king of Sodom and the king of Gomorrah and the king of Admah and the king of Zeboiim and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) went out with them to battle in the valley of Siddim. [§]
vayyetse melek Sedom u-melek Amorah u-melek Admah u-melek Tzvoyiim u-melek Bela hi-toar ve-ya'archu itam milchamah be-emek ha-siddim.
'vayyetse' means 'and went out', 'melek Sedom' means 'king of Sodom', 'u-melek Amorah' means 'and king of Gomorrah', 'u-melek Admah' means 'and king of Admah', 'u-melek Tzvoyiim' means 'and king of Zeboiim', 'u-melek Bela hi-toar' means 'and king of Bela (that is, Zoar)', 've-ya'archu' means 'and they arranged', 'itam' means 'with them', 'milchamah' means 'battle', 'be-emek' means 'in the valley', 'ha-siddim' means 'the Siddim'.
[GEN.14.9] Kedarlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of the nations, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar, four kings against the five. [§]
et kedarlaomer melek eilam ve-tidal melek goiym ve-amrapel melek shin'ar ve-aryoch melek elassar arba'ah melachim et hachamissa.
'et' is a Hebrew object marker, usually left untranslated. 'kedarlaomer' is a proper name of a king. 'melek' means 'king'. 'eilam' refers to the region or people of Elam. 've-' is the conjunction 'and'. 'tidal' is a proper name of a king. 'goiym' means 'nations'. 'amrapel' is a proper name of a king. 'shin'ar' designates the region Shinar. 'aryoch' is a proper name of a king. 'elassar' is a proper name (Ellasar). 'arba'ah' means 'four'. 'melachim' means 'kings'. 'hachamissa' means 'the five'. The verse lists four kings and the five opposing kings.
[GEN.14.10] And the valley of Siddim, the red wells, and the king of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and they fell there; and the remaining ones there fled. [§]
ve'emek ha-siddim be'erot be'erot khemar vayanu'su melek-sedom va'amora vayip'lu-shamma vehanish'arim hera nasu.
've'emek' means 'and valley', 'ha-siddim' is the name Siddim (a place), 'be'erot' means 'of wells', repeated for emphasis, 'khemar' means 'red', 'vayanu'su' means 'and fled', 'melek-sedom' means 'king of Sodom', 'va'amora' means 'and Gomorrah', 'vayip'lu-shamma' means 'and they fell there', 'vehanish'arim' means 'and the remaining ones', 'hera' means 'there', 'nasu' means 'fled'.
[GEN.14.11] And they took all the plunder of Sodom and Gomorrah and all their food, and they went. [§]
Vayikchu et kol rekush Sedom veAmorah ve et kol akhlam vayelchu.
'Vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'rekush' means 'plunder' or 'spoils', 'Sedom' is the name of the city Sodom, 'veAmorah' means 'and Gomorrah', 've' before 'et' again means 'and', 'akhlam' means 'their food', 'vayelchu' means 'and they went'.
[GEN.14.12] They took Lot and his possessions, the son of Abram's brother, and they went, and he was dwelling in Sodom. [§]
Vayyikchu et-Lot ve-et-rechusho ben-achi Avram vayelechu vehu yoshev bisdom.
'Vayyikchu' means 'they took', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Lot' is a proper name, 've-et' means 'and (the)', 'rechusho' means 'his possessions', 'ben-achi' means 'son of the brother', 'Avram' means 'Abram', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'yoshev' means 'dwelling', 'bisdom' means 'in Sodom'.
[GEN.14.13] And the fugitive came and reported to Abram the Hebrew, and he was dwelling in the oaks of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol and brother of Anner, and they were the lords of Abram's covenant. [§]
Vayavo ha-palit vayagged le-Avram ha-ivri vehu shokhen be-Elonei Mamre ha-Emori achi Eshkol va-achi Anner ve-hem ba'alei brit-Avram.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'ha-palit' means 'the fugitive', 'vayagged' means 'and reported', 'le-Avram' means 'to Abram', 'ha-ivri' means 'the Hebrew', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'shokhen' means 'was dwelling', 'be-Elonei' means 'in the oaks of', 'Mamre' is a place name, 'ha-Emori' means 'the Amorite', 'achi' means 'brother', 'Eshkol' is a proper name, 'va-achi' means 'and brother', 'Anner' is a proper name, 've-hem' means 'and they', 'ba'alei' means 'lords' or 'owners', 'brit-Avram' means 'the covenant of Abram'.
[GEN.14.14] And Abram heard that his brother was exhausted, and he sent out his servants, the members of his household, eighteen and three hundred, and he pursued them as far as Dan. [§]
vayishma Avram ki nishbah achiv vayarek et chanichav yelidei beito shemonah asar u-shelosh meot vayirdof ad Dan.
'vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Avram' is the proper name Abram, 'ki' means 'that', 'nishbah' means 'was weary' or 'was exhausted', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'vayarek' means 'and he sent out' or 'cast', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'chanichav' means 'his servants/handmaids', 'yelidei' means 'the children of' or 'the offspring of', 'beito' means 'his house', 'shemonah asar' means 'eighteen', 'u-shelosh meot' means 'and three hundred', 'vayirdof' means 'and he pursued', 'ad' means 'to', 'Dan' is the place name Dan.
[GEN.14.15] And he divided them at night, he and his servants, and he struck them and pursued them to the plain that is on the left of Damascus. [§]
Vayyechalek aleihem layla hu va'avadav vayakhem vayirdefem ad chova asher mis'mol leDamasek.
'Vayyechalek' means 'and he divided', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'layla' means 'night', 'hu' means 'he', 'va'avadav' means 'and his servants', 'vayakhem' means 'and he struck them', 'vayirdefem' means 'and he pursued them', 'ad' means 'to', 'chova' means 'a plain', 'asher' means 'which/that', 'mis'mol' means 'from the left', 'leDamasek' means 'to (the region of) Damascus'.
[GEN.14.16] He brought back all the plunder, and also Lot his brother and his plunder, and also the women and the people. [§]
Vayyashav et kol harekush vegam et-Lot achiv urekhusho heshiv vegam et-hanashim ve-et haam.
"Vayyashav" means "and he brought back"; "et" is the direct object marker; "kol" means "all"; "harekush" means "the plunder"; "vegam" means "and also"; "et-Lot" means "Lot" (proper name); "achiv" means "his brother"; "urekhusho" means "and his plunder"; "heshiv" means "he returned" or "he restored"; "vegam" again means "and also"; "et-hanashim" means "the women"; "ve-et" means "and the"; "haam" means "the people".
[GEN.14.17] And the king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the killing of Kedar to the west, and the kings who were with him to the valley of Shaveh; he is the valley of the king. [§]
vayetse melek-sedom likroto acharei shuvo mehakot et-kedar laomer ve-et-hamelakhim asher itto el-emek shaveh hu emek hamelek.
'vayetse' means 'and he went out', 'melek-sedom' means 'king of Sodom', 'likroto' means 'to meet him', 'acharei' means 'after', 'shuvo' means 'his return', 'mehakot' means 'from the killing/strike', 'et-kedar' means 'the (object marker) Kedar', 'laomer' means 'to the west', 've-et-hamelakhim' means 'and the (object marker) kings', 'asher' means 'who', 'itto' means 'with him', 'el-emek' means 'to the valley', 'shaveh' is a place name, 'hu' means 'he', 'emek' means 'valley', 'hamelek' means 'the king'.
[GEN.14.18] And Melchizedek, king of peace, brought out bread and wine, and he is a priest to God Most High. [§]
U-Malki-Tzedek melech shalem hotzi lechem vayayin vehu kohen le-El Elyon.
'U-' means 'and', 'Malki-Tzedek' is a proper name meaning 'king of righteousness', 'melech' means 'king', 'shalem' means 'peace' or 'complete', 'hotzi' means 'brought out', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'vayayin' means 'and wine', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'kohen' means 'priest', 'le-' is the preposition 'to', 'El' means 'God', and 'Elyon' means 'Most High'.
[GEN.14.19] And He blessed him and said, Blessed is Abram to God the Most High, possessor of heaven and earth. [§]
Vayevarkhehu vayomer Baruch Avram le-El Elyon koneh shamayim va-aretz.
'Vayevarkhehu' means 'and He blessed him', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Baruch' means 'blessed', 'Avram' is the name 'Abram', 'le-El' means 'to God', 'Elyon' means 'the Most High', 'koneh' means 'possessor' or 'owner', 'shamayim' means 'heaven', 'va-aretz' means 'and earth'.
[GEN.14.20] And blessed is God Most High who shields your enemies by your hand and gave him a tenth of all. [§]
Uvaruch El Elyon asher migen tsarecha be-yadecha vayiten lo ma'aser mikol.
'Uvaruch' means 'and blessed'; 'El' means 'God'; 'Elyon' means 'Most High'; 'asher' means 'who'; 'migen' means 'shields' (from the root meaning to protect); 'tsarecha' means 'your enemies' (plural); 'be-yadecha' means 'in your hand' or 'by your hand'; 'vayiten' means 'and gave'; 'lo' means 'to him'; 'ma'aser' means 'a tenth' or 'tithe'; 'mikol' means 'of all' or 'of everything'.
[GEN.14.21] And the king of Sodom said to Abram, Give me the persons and take the spoil for yourself. [§]
Vayomer Melech Sedom el Avram ten li ha nephesh ve ha rkush kach lach.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Melech' means 'king', 'Sedom' is the city name Sodom, 'el' means 'to', 'Avram' is the name Abram, 'ten' means 'give', 'li' means 'to me', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'nephesh' means 'person' or 'life', 've' means 'and', 'ha' again the definite article, 'rkush' means 'spoils' or 'plunder', 'kach' means 'take', 'lach' means 'for yourself'.
[GEN.14.22] And Abram said to the king of Sodom, shall I raise my hand to Yahveh God Most High, owner of the heavens and the earth. [§]
Vayyomer Avram el-melekh Sedom harimoti yadi el Yahveh El Elyon koneh shamayim vaaretz.
'Vayyomer' means 'and he said', 'Avram' is the personal name Abram, 'el-melekh' means 'to the king', 'Sedom' is the city name Sodom, 'harimoti' means 'shall I raise' or 'shall I lift', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'El' means 'God', 'Elyon' means 'Most High', so 'El Elyon' together means 'God Most High', 'koneh' means 'owner' or 'possessor', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', and 'vaaretz' means 'and earth'.
[GEN.14.23] If a strap and even to the shoe's heel, and if I take from everything that is yours, and you will not say, "I have enriched Abraham." [§]
im-michut ve'ad s'rokh-na'al ve-im ekach mikol asher lakh ve'lo tomar ani he'esharti et-Avram.
'im' means 'if', 'michut' means 'a strap', 've'ad' means 'and even', 's'rokh' means 'to the heel', 'na'al' means 'shoe', 've-im' means 'and if', 'ekach' means 'I take', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lakh' means 'is yours', 've'lo' means 'and you will not', 'tomar' means 'say', 'ani' means 'I', 'he'esharti' means 'have enriched' (from the root rich), 'et-Avram' means 'Abram (Abraham)'.
[GEN.14.24] Except for me only that which the youths ate and the share of the men who walked with me; I will become blind, I will eat, and they will be bitter, they will take their share. [§]
Biladai rak asher achlu ha-ne'arim vechelek ha-anashim asher halchu itti aner eshkol u-mam're hem yikchu chelkam.
'Biladai' means 'except for me' or 'beyond me', 'rak' means 'only', 'asher' means 'that which', 'achlu' means 'they ate', 'ha-ne'arim' means 'the youths', 'vechelek' means 'and the share', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'asher' again 'who', 'halchu' means 'walked', 'itti' means 'with me', 'aner' means 'blind', 'eshkol' means 'I will eat' (idiomatically 'I will partake'), 'u-mam're' means 'and they are bitter', 'hem' means 'they', 'yikchu' means 'will take', 'chelkam' means 'their share'.
GEN.15
[GEN.15.1] After these things the word of Yahveh came to Abram in a vision, saying, "Do not be afraid, Abram; I am your shield; your reward will be very great." [§]
Achar hadvarim haeleh hayah devar-Yahveh el-Abram bamachaze lemor al-tira Abram anochi magen lecha secharcha harbeh meod.
'Achar' means 'after', 'hadvarim' means 'the things', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'hayah' means 'was', 'devar-Yahveh' means 'the word of Yahveh', 'el' means 'to', 'Abram' is the personal name Abram, 'bamachaze' means 'in a vision', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'al-tira' means 'do not be afraid', 'Abram' repeats the name, 'anochi' means 'I am', 'magen' means 'shield', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'secharcha' means 'your reward', 'harbeh' means 'great', 'meod' means 'very'. The name Yahveh is rendered literally as required.
[GEN.15.2] And Abram said, my Lord Yahveh, what will you give me, while I am barren, and the son of my household—he is Eliezer of Damascus. [§]
Vayomer Avram Adonai Yahveh mah titen li ve-anokhi holekh ariri uven-meshq beiti hu dammeshek Eliezer.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avram' is the name Abram, 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH, 'mah titen li' means 'what will you give to me', 've-anokhi' means 'and I', 'holekh' means 'am going' or 'am', 'ariri' means 'barren' (my barren), 'uven-meshq' means 'the son of my household', 'beiti' means 'of my house', 'hu' means 'he', 'dammeshek' means 'of Damascus', and 'Eliezer' is a proper name meaning 'God is help' but is left as the personal name.
[GEN.15.3] And Abram said, 'Behold, you have not given me offspring, and behold the son of my house shall inherit me.' [§]
Vayomer Avram, heen li lo natata zera, vehineh ben-beit i yoreish oti.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avram' is the personal name Abram, 'heen' means 'behold', 'li' means 'to me', 'lo' means 'not', 'natata' means 'you have given', 'zera' means 'offspring', 've' means 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ben-beit i' means 'the son of my house', 'yoreish' means 'shall inherit', 'oti' means 'me'.
[GEN.15.4] And behold the word of Yahveh to him, saying, 'This does not inherit you, for only that which goes out of your mouth will inherit you.' [§]
vehineh devar Yahveh elav leemor lo yirashka zeh ki im asher yetse memecha hu yirashka.
'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'devar' means 'word', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'elav' means 'to him', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'lo' means 'not', 'yirashka' means 'inherit you', 'zeh' means 'this', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'im' means 'if' or 'that', 'asher' means 'which/that', 'yetse' means 'goes out', 'memecha' means 'from your mouth', 'hu' means 'he/it', and the second 'yirashka' again means 'will inherit you'.
[GEN.15.5] And he brought him outside and said, 'Look now at the heavens and count the stars, if you can count them.' And Yahveh said to him, 'Thus shall your seed be.' [§]
vayyotse oto hachutza vayomer habeet-na hashamaim usefor hakokhavim im tukal lispor otam vayomer lo ko yihyeh zaracha.
'vayyotse' means 'and he brought out', 'oto' means 'him', 'hachutza' means 'outside', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'habeet-na' means 'look now', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens', 'usefor' means 'and count', 'hakokhavim' means 'the stars', 'im' means 'if', 'tukal' means 'you can', 'lispor' means 'to count', 'otam' means 'them', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ko' means 'thus', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'zaracha' means 'your seed or offspring'.
[GEN.15.6] And he believed in Yahveh and counted it for him as righteousness. [§]
vehe'emin baYahveh vayachsheveha lo tzedakah.
've' means 'and', 'he'emin' means 'believed', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' where Yahveh is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayachsheveha' means 'and he counted it for him', 'lo' means 'for him', 'tzedakah' means 'righteousness' or 'justice'.
[GEN.15.7] And he said to him, I Yahveh, who brought you out from the Ouer of the east, to give you this land as an inheritance. [§]
Vayomer elav Ani Yahveh asher hotzeticha me'oor kasadim latet lekha et ha'aretz hazot le'rishtah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'hotzeticha' means 'brought you out', 'me'oor' means 'from the Ouer', 'kasadim' means 'of the east', 'latet' means 'to give', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'hazot' means 'this', 'le'rishtah' means 'as an inheritance' or 'to inherit it'.
[GEN.15.8] And my Lord Yahveh said, 'By what shall I know that I will inherit?' [§]
Vayomer Adonai Yahveh bamma eda ki irashenna.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'bamma' means 'by what' or 'in what', 'eda' means 'shall I know', 'ki' means 'that', 'irashenna' means 'I will inherit (it)'.
[GEN.15.9] And he said to him, Take for me a three‑year‑old heifer, a three‑year‑old goat, a three‑year‑old ram, a young bull and a young goat. [§]
Vayomer elav k'cha li egelah meshuleshet ve'ez meshuleshet ve'ayil meshulash ve'tor ve'gozal.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'k'cha' means 'take', 'li' means 'for me', 'egelah' means 'a heifer', 'meshuleshet' means 'three‑year‑old', 've'ez' means 'and a goat', 've'ayil' means 'and a ram', 've'tor' means 'and a young bull', 've'gozal' means 'and a young goat'.
[GEN.15.10] And he took for him all these and placed them inside; and he gave a man in his [something] to meet his companion, and he did not cut the bird. [§]
vayikkach lo et kol eleh vayivater otam batavech vayiten ish bitro likrat re'ehu ve'et hatsippor lo bater.
'vayikkach' means 'and he took', 'lo' means 'for him', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'eleh' means 'these', 'vayivater' means 'and he placed/kept', 'otam' means 'them', 'batavech' means 'inside/within', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'ish' means 'a man', 'bitro' means 'in his ... (context unclear, literal: "in his [something]")', 'likrat' means 'to meet', 're'ehu' means 'his companion/friend', 've'et' means 'and (the) ', 'hatsippor' means 'the bird', 'lo' means 'not', 'bater' means 'he cut/kept'.
[GEN.15.11] And the donkey went down upon the carcasses, and Abram set them. [§]
Vayered haayit al hapegarim vayyashev otam Avram.
'Vayered' means 'and he went down', 'haayit' means 'the donkey', 'al' means 'upon' or 'to', 'hapegarim' means 'the carcasses', 'vayyashev' means 'and he set' or 'placed', 'otam' means 'them', 'Avram' is the name Abram.
[GEN.15.12] And the sun went down, and a deep sleep fell upon Abram, and behold, a great dark terror fell upon him. [§]
Vayehi hashemesh lavo ve'tardeima napla al-Avram ve'hineh eima chashka gedola nofelet alav.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'hashemesh' means 'the sun', 'lavo' means 'to go down', 've'tardeima' means 'and deep sleep', 'napla' means 'fell', 'al-Avram' means 'upon Abram', 've'hineh' means 'and behold', 'eima' means 'a terror', 'chashka' means 'dark', 'gedola' means 'great', 'nofelet' means 'falling', 'alav' means 'upon him'.
[GEN.15.13] Yahveh said to Abram, 'Know that your seed shall be a sojourner in a land not theirs, and they will serve and oppress them for four hundred years.' [§]
Vayomer leAbram yad'o teda ki-ger yihye zaracha be'eretz lo lahem veavodam ve'inno otam arba me'ot shanah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'leAbram' means 'to Abram', 'yad'o' means 'know', 'teda' means 'you will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'ger' means 'sojourner', 'yihye' means 'shall be', 'zaracha' means 'your seed', 'be'eretz' means 'in a land', 'lo' means 'not', 'lahem' means 'theirs', 'veavodam' means 'and they will serve', 've'inno' means 'and they will oppress', 'otam' means 'them', 'arba' means 'four', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'shanah' means 'year'.
[GEN.15.14] And also the nation that will serve, judge I; and after that they will go out in great ruin. [§]
vegam et-hagoy asher yaavodu dan anochi veachar-ken yetzu birkush gadol.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hagoy' means 'the nation', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yaavodu' means 'they will serve', 'dan' is the imperative form of the verb 'to judge' meaning 'judge', 'anochi' means 'I', 'veachar-ken' means 'and after that', 'yetzu' means 'they will go out', 'birkush' means 'in crushing/ruin', 'gadol' means 'great'.
[GEN.15.15] And you will go to your ancestors in peace; you will be buried in a good grave. [§]
veatah tavo el avotecha beshalom tikaver beseivah tovah.
'veatah' means 'and you', 'tavo' means 'will come', 'el' means 'to', 'avotecha' means 'your ancestors or fathers', 'beshalom' means 'in peace', 'tikaver' means 'you will be buried', 'beseivah' means 'in a grave', 'tovah' means 'good'.
[GEN.15.16] And the fourth generation will return here, because the guilt of the Amorite has not been atoned until now. [§]
ve-dor revi'i yashuvu hena ki lo shalem avon haamori ad hena
've' means 'and', 'dor' means 'generation', 'revi'i' means 'fourth', 'yashuvu' means 'will return', 'hena' means 'here', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'shalem' means 'atoned' or 'made whole', 'avon' means 'guilt' or 'sin', 'haamori' means 'the Amorite (people)', 'ad' means 'until', 'hena' means 'now' or 'this point'.
[GEN.15.17] And it was the sun rising and leapt; and behold a furnace of smoke and a torch of fire that passed between these beams. [§]
Vayehi hashemesh ba'ah ve'alata hayah vehineh tannur ashan ve-lapid esh asher abar beyn hagezarim haeleh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'hashemesh' means 'the sun', 'ba'ah' means 'came' or 'rose', 've'alata' means 'and leapt/rose', 'hayah' means 'it was', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'tannur' means 'oven' or 'furnace', 'ashan' means 'smoke', 've-lapid' means 'and a torch', 'esh' means 'fire', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'abar' means 'passed', 'beyn' means 'between', 'hagezarim' means 'the beams' or 'the rods', 'haeleh' means 'these'.
[GEN.15.18] On that day Yahveh made a covenant with Abram, saying, To your offspring I have given this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates. [§]
bayo'm ha'hu karat Yahveh et-Avram berit le'emor le-zar'acha natati et-ha'aretz hazot min-nehar Mitzrayim ad ha-nahar ha-gadol nehar Perat.
'bayo'm' means 'on the day', 'ha'hu' means 'that', 'karat' means 'made a covenant', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'et-Avram' means 'with Abram', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'le-zar'acha' means 'to your offspring', 'natati' means 'I have given', 'et-ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'hazot' means 'this', 'min-nehar' means 'from the river', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'ad' means 'to', 'ha-nahar' means 'the river', 'ha-gadol' means 'the great', 'nehar Perat' means 'the Euphrates River'.
[GEN.15.19] the Keini, and the Kenzi, and the Kadmoni. [§]
et ha-keini ve'et ha-kenzi ve'et ha-kadmoni.
'et' is an untranslatable object marker that is normally omitted in English. 'ha' means 'the'. 'keini', 'kenzi', and 'kadmoni' are proper names, each preceded by the definite article. The conjunction 've' means 'and'.
[GEN.15.20] and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Rephaites. [§]
ve'et ha-chitti ve'et ha-perizzi ve'et ha-rephaim.
've'et' means 'and (the)', 'ha-chitti' means 'the Hittite', 'ha-perizzi' means 'the Perizzite', 'ha-rephaim' means 'the Rephaites'.
[GEN.15.21] and the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Girgashite, and the Jebusite. [§]
ve-et haamori ve-et hakanaani ve-et hagirgashi ve-et hayevusi.
've' means 'and', 'et' is the direct object marker (not rendered in English), 'ha' means 'the'. 'amori' refers to an Amorite, a people from ancient Canaan. 'kanaani' refers to a Canaanite, another group in the land of Canaan. 'girgashi' refers to a Girgashite, a Canaanite tribe. 'yevusi' refers to a Jebusite, the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
GEN.16
[GEN.16.1] And Sarai, wife of Abram, did not bear him a child, and to her a Egyptian female servant, whose name was Hagar. [§]
ve'Sarai eshet Avram lo yalda lo ve'lah shifchah Mitzriyt ve'shemeha Hagar.
've' means 'and', 'Sarai' is the name Sarai, 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Avram' is the name Abram, 'lo' means 'did not', 'yalda' means 'bear', 'lo' means 'to him', 've' means 'and', 'lah' means 'to her', 'shifchah' means 'female servant', 'Mitzriyt' means 'Egyptian', 've' means 'and', 'shemeha' means 'her name', 'Hagar' is the name Hagar.
[GEN.16.2] Sarai said to Abraham, 'Behold, now Yahveh has hindered me from bearing children; please come to my maidservant, perhaps I will have a child through her.' And Abraham heard the voice of Sarai. [§]
Vatomer Sarai el-Avram hine-na atzarani Yahveh mildeh bo-na el-shifchati ulai ivaneh mimenah vayishma Avram lekol Sarai.
'Vatomer' means 'and said', 'Sarai' is the name Sarai, 'el-Avram' means 'to Abraham', 'hine-na' means 'behold now', 'atzarani' means 'has hindered me', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mildeh' means 'from bearing children', 'bo-na' means 'please come', 'el-shifchati' means 'to my maidservant', 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'ivaneh' means 'I will have a child', 'mimenah' means 'through her', 'vayishma' means 'and heard', 'Avram' is the name Abraham, 'lekol' means 'the voice of', 'Sarai' is the name Sarai.
[GEN.16.3] And Sarah, the wife of Abram, took Hagar the Egyptian maidservant, from the end of ten years of Abram's dwelling in the land of Canaan, and she gave her to Abram her husband as a wife. [§]
vatikkaḥ Sarai eshet Avram et hager haMitzrit shifchatah miqetz eser shanim le-shevet Avram be eretz Kenaan vattiten otah le Avram ishah lo le isha.
'vatikkaḥ' means 'took', 'Sarai' is the personal name Sarah, 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Avram' is the personal name Abram, 'et' is the accusative particle (no English word), 'hager' means 'Hagar', 'haMitzrit' means 'the Egyptian', 'shifchatah' means 'her maidservant', 'miqetz' means 'from the end of', 'eser' means 'ten', 'shanim' means 'years', 'le-shevet' means 'of dwelling', 'Avram' means 'Abram', 'be eretz' means 'in the land', 'Kenaan' means 'Canaan', 'vattiten' means 'and she gave', 'otah' means 'her', 'le Avram' means 'to Abram', 'ishah' means 'her husband', 'lo' means 'to him', 'le isha' means 'as a wife'.
[GEN.16.4] And she went to Hagar, and she conceived, and she saw that she was pregnant, and she regarded her husband as low in her eyes. [§]
Vayavo el-Hagar vatahar vate're ki haratah vateqal gevirta be'eineha.
'Vayavo' means 'and she went', 'el-Hagar' means 'to Hagar', 'vatahar' means 'and she conceived', 'vate're' means 'and she saw', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'haratah' means 'she was pregnant', 'vateqal' means 'and she regarded as low', 'gevirta' means 'her husband', 'be'eineha' means 'in her eyes'.
[GEN.16.5] And Sarah said to Abram, My offense is against you; I have given my maidservant into your bosom, and she saw that she was pregnant, and I spared in her eyes; Yahveh will judge between me and you. [§]
Vato'mer Sarai el-Avram chamasi alaykha anochi natati shifchati becheikhek vatre ki haratah va'eklah be'eineiha yishpot Yahveh beynai uveynecha.
'Vato'mer' means 'and she said', 'Sarai' is 'Sarah', 'el-Avram' means 'to Abram', 'chamasi' means 'my offense' or 'my wrongdoing', 'alaykha' means 'against you', 'anochi' means 'I', 'natati' means 'have given', 'shifchati' means 'my maidservant', 'becheikhek' means 'in your bosom', 'vatre' means 'and she saw', 'ki' means 'that', 'haratah' means 'she was pregnant', 'va'eklah' means 'and I spared', 'be'eineiha' means 'in her eyes', 'yishpot' means 'will judge', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'beynai' means 'between me', 'uveynecha' means 'and between you'.
[GEN.16.6] And Abram said to Sarai, Behold, your maidservant is in your hand; do to her the good in your eyes; and Sarai was angry with her, and she fled from her presence. [§]
vayyomer avram el-sarai hine shifchatekh beyadekh as'i-la hatov be'einayikh vate'aneha sarai vativrach mifaneyha.
'vayyomer' means 'and said', 'avram' means 'Abram', 'el-sarai' means 'to Sarai', 'hine' means 'behold', 'shifchatekh' means 'your maidservant', 'beyadekh' means 'in your hand', 'as'i-la' means 'do for her', 'hatov' means 'the good', 'be'einayikh' means 'in your eyes', 'vate'aneha' means 'and she was angry with her', 'sarai' is the name Sarai, 'vativrach' means 'and she fled', 'mifaneyha' means 'from her presence'.
[GEN.16.7] And Yahveh's messenger found it at the spring of the waters in the wilderness, at the spring on the road to Shur. [§]
Vayimtsa'ah malach Yahveh al ein hamayim bamidbar al ha'ayin be derekh Shur.
'Vayimtsa'ah' means 'and he found it', 'malach' means 'messenger' or 'angel', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al' means 'on' or 'over', 'ein' means 'spring' (literally 'eye'), 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'bamidbar' means 'in the wilderness', the second 'al' again means 'at' or 'on', 'ha'ayin' repeats 'the spring', 'be derekh' means 'in the way' or 'on the road', and 'Shur' is a proper place name.
[GEN.16.8] And Hagar, servant of Sarah, said, 'Where are you from, and where will you go?' And she said, 'Because of Sarah I am a woman fleeing.' [§]
Vayomer Hagar shifchat Sarah ei-mizzeh baat ve'ana telechi vatoamer mipnei Sarah gev'irti anochi borachat.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Hagar' is the proper name, 'shifchat' means 'servant (female) of', 'Sarah' is the proper name, 'ei-mizzeh' means 'where from', 'baat' means 'you have come (feminine)', 've'ana' means 'and where', 'telechi' means 'you will go (feminine)', 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'Sarah' again the proper name, 'gev'irti' means 'I am a woman', 'anochi' means 'I', and 'borachat' means 'fleeing'.
[GEN.16.9] And the angel of Yahveh said to her, Return to your husband's house and humble yourself under his hand. [§]
Vayomer lah mal'ach Yahveh shuvi el-gevertekh vehit'anni tachat yadeha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'mal'ach' means 'angel', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'shuvi' means 'return', 'el' means 'to', 'gevertekh' means 'your husband's house', 'vehit'anni' means 'and humble yourself' (imperative feminine), 'tachat' means 'under', 'yadeha' means 'her hand' (i.e., his hand).
[GEN.16.10] And he said to her, the angel of Yahveh, multiply greatly your offspring, and it shall not be counted from the increase. [§]
Vayomer lah malach Yahveh harbeh arbeh et-zar'ech velo yisafar merov.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'malach' means 'angel' (messenger), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'harbeh' means 'greatly', 'arbeh' means 'multiply', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'zar'ech' means 'your seed' or 'your offspring', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yisafar' means 'shall be counted', 'merov' means 'from the increase' or 'because of the multitude'.
[GEN.16.11] And he said to her, an angel of Yahveh, 'Behold, you are pregnant and you shall bear a son, and you shall call his name Ishmael, because Yahveh has heard your affliction.' [§]
vayomer lah malach Yahveh hinach harah veyolad'tz ben vekarat shemo Yishma'el ki shama Yahveh el aneykh.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'malach Yahveh' means 'angel of Yahveh', 'hinach' means 'behold, you are', 'harah' means 'pregnant', 'veyolad'tz' means 'and you will bear', 'ben' means 'a son', 'vekarat' means 'and you shall call', 'shemo' means 'his name', 'Yishma'el' means 'Ishmael', 'ki' means 'because', 'shama' means 'has heard', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'el' means 'to', 'aneykh' means 'your affliction'.
[GEN.16.12] And he will be a wonder of man, his hand in everything and every hand in him, and upon the face of all his brothers he will dwell. [§]
vehu yihye pere adam yado bakol veyad kol bo ve'al-pnei kol achav yishkon.
'vehu' means 'and he', 'yihye' means 'will be', 'pere' means 'wonder' or 'miracle', 'adam' means 'man', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'bakol' means 'in all/everything', 'veyad' means 'and hand', 'kol' means 'all', 'bo' means 'in him', 've''al' means 'and upon', 'pnei' means 'the face of', 'kol' means 'all', 'achav' means 'his brothers', 'yishkon' means 'he will dwell'.
[GEN.16.13] And she called the name of Yahveh the speaking to her, 'You God my seer,' because she said, 'Also now I saw after my seeing.' [§]
vatikra shem-Yahveh hadober eileha attah el ro'i ki amra hagam halo ra'iti acharei ro'i.
'vatikra' means 'and she called', 'shem' means 'name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'hadober' means 'the speaking', 'eileha' means 'to her', 'attah' means 'you', 'el' means 'God', 'ro'i' means 'my seer' or 'my sight', 'ki' means 'because', 'amra' means 'she said', 'hagam' means 'also', 'halo' means 'now', 'ra'iti' means 'I saw', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ro'i' again means 'my seeing' or 'my sight'.
[GEN.16.14] Therefore he called the well 'Well of Life, My Shepherd'; behold, between the holy and the cold. [§]
Al-ken kara la-be'er be'er la-chai roi hineh beyn qadesh uveyn bared.
'Al-ken' means 'therefore', 'kara' means 'called', 'la-be'er' means 'to the well', 'be'er' means 'well', 'la-chai' means 'of life', 'roi' means 'my shepherd', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'beyn' means 'between', 'qadesh' means 'the holy (place)', 'uveyn' means 'and between', 'bared' means 'the cold'.
[GEN.16.15] And Hagar bore Abraham a son, and Abram called the name of his son, who Hagar bore, Ishmael. [§]
vateled hagar leabram ben vayikra abram shem beno asher yaldah hagar yishmael
'vateled' means 'and she gave birth', 'hagar' is the personal name Hagar, 'leabram' means 'to Abraham', 'ben' means 'son', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'abram' is the personal name Abram, 'shem' means 'name', 'beno' means 'his son', 'asher' means 'who', 'yaldah' means 'was born', 'yishmael' means 'Ishmael'.
[GEN.16.16] And Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram. [§]
veAbram ben-shmonim shana ve'shesh shanim beledet-hagar et-Yishmael leAbram.
'veAbram' means 'and Abram', 'ben' means 'son of' but in this construction indicates age, 'shmonim shana' means 'eighty years', 've'shesh shanim' means 'and six years', 'beledet-hagar' means 'when Hagar gave birth', 'et-Yishmael' means 'Ishmael', 'leAbram' means 'to Abram'.
GEN.17
[GEN.17.1] He was Abram ninety‑nine years old, and Yahveh appeared to Abram and said to him, I am God Almighty, walk before me and be perfect. [§]
Vayehi Avram ben-tishim shanah ve-tesha shanim. Vayera Yahveh el-Avram vayomer elav Ani El Shaddai. Hit'halekh lefanai vehyeh tamim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'Avram' is the personal name Abram, 'ben-tishim shanah ve-tesha shanim' means 'son of ninety years and nine years' i.e., ninety‑nine years old, 'Vayera' means 'and appeared', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'el-Avram' means 'to Abram', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Ani' means 'I', 'El' means 'God', 'Shaddai' means 'Almighty', so 'Ani El Shaddai' = 'I am God Almighty', 'Hit'halekh' means 'walk', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'vehyeh' means 'and be', 'tamim' means 'perfect' or 'whole'.
[GEN.17.2] And I will establish my covenant between me and you, and I will multiply you exceedingly. [§]
ve'etnah beriti beini uveinecha vearbeh otcha bimod meod.
've'etnah' means 'I will establish', 'beriti' means 'my covenant', 'beini' means 'between me', 'uveinecha' means 'and between you', 'vearbeh' means 'I will multiply', 'otcha' means 'you' (object), 'bimod' means 'to great degree', 'meod' means 'very'.
[GEN.17.3] And Abram fell on his face, and the Gods spoke to him, saying: [§]
Vayipol Avram al panav vayedabber ito Elohim leemor.
'Vayipol' means 'and he fell', 'Avram' is the name Abram, 'al panav' means 'on his face', 'vayedabber' means 'and spoke', 'ito' means 'to him', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'leemor' means 'to say'.
[GEN.17.4] I, behold, my covenant with you, and you shall become a father of the multitude of nations. [§]
Ani hineh beriti itach vehayita le'av hamon goyim.
'Ani' means 'I', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'beriti' means 'my covenant' (the word 'brit' = covenant plus first‑person singular suffix), 'itach' means 'with you', 'vehayita' means 'and you shall become', 'le'av' means 'to a father' (l' = to, av = father), 'hamon' means 'the multitude', 'goyim' means 'nations'.
[GEN.17.5] And no longer shall you be called Abram; your name shall be Abraham, because I have made you a father of many nations. [§]
Ve lo yikarei od et shemkha Avram ve hayah shemka Avraham ki av hаmon goyim netaticha.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'no longer', 'yikarei' means 'shall be called', 'od' means 'again' or 'anymore', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'shemkha' means 'your name', 'Avram' is the personal name Abram, 've' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'shall be', 'shemka' means 'your name', 'Avraham' is the personal name Abraham, 'ki' means 'because', 'av' means 'father', 'hamon' means 'many', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'netaticha' means 'I have appointed you' or 'I have made you'.
[GEN.17.6] And I will utterly disgrace you, and I will give you over to the nations, and kings will depart from you. [§]
vehipreti otkha bimoed meod unetatikha legoyim u'melachim mimkha yetzeu.
'vehipreti' means 'and I will make you a reproach' or 'I will disgrace you'; 'otkha' means 'you' (direct object); 'bimoed' means 'to a great degree' or 'exceedingly'; 'meod' intensifies the preceding phrase as 'very'; 'unetatikha' means 'and I will give you' (to); 'legoyim' means 'to the nations'; 'u'melachim' means 'and kings'; 'mimkha' means 'from you'; 'yetzeu' means 'will go out' or 'will depart'.
[GEN.17.7] And I will establish my covenant between me and you and between your offspring after you for their generations an everlasting covenant to be for you as the Gods and for your offspring after you. [§]
vahaqimoti et-briti beyni uveinecha uvein zaracha acharicha le-dorotam livrit olam liheyot lecha le'elohim ulezaracha acharicha.
'vahaqimoti' means 'and I will establish', 'et-briti' means 'my covenant', 'beyn i' means 'between me', 'uveinecha' means 'and between you', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'zaracha' means 'your offspring', 'acharicha' means 'after you', 'le-dorotam' means 'for their generations', 'livrit' means 'an everlasting covenant', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'liheyot' means 'to be', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'le'elohim' means 'as the Gods', 'ulezaracha' means 'and for your offspring', 'acharicha' means 'after you'.
[GEN.17.8] And I will give to you and to your seed after you the land of your inheritance, the whole land of Canaan for an everlasting possession, and I will be to them the Gods. [§]
v'natati lecha ulezarecha acharikha et eretz megurkeha et kol-aretz kena'an la'achuzat olam v'hayiti lahem leElohim.
'v'natati' means 'and I will give', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'ulezarecha' means 'and to your seed', 'acharikha' means 'after you', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'eretz' means 'land', 'megurkeha' means 'of your inheritance', 'kol-aretz' means 'the whole land', 'kena'an' means 'of Canaan', 'la'achuzat' means 'for an everlasting possession', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'v'hayiti' means 'and I will be', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim as 'the Gods').
[GEN.17.9] And the Gods said to Abraham, 'You shall keep my covenant, you and your seed after you for their generations.' [§]
Vayomer Elohim el Avraham veata et Briti tishmor ata ve zaracha acharacha le dorotam.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el' means 'to', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'veata' means 'and you', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Briti' means 'my covenant', 'tishmor' means 'you will keep', 'ata' repeats 'you', 've' means 'and', 'zaracha' means 'your seed', 'acharacha' means 'after you', 'le' means 'for', 'dorotam' means 'their generations'.
[GEN.17.10] This is my covenant which you shall keep between me and you and between your seed after you, all male to you. [§]
Zot beriti asher tishmeru beyni uveineichem uvein zaracha acharicha himmol lachem kol zakar.
'Zot' means 'this', 'beriti' means 'my covenant', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'tishmeru' means 'you shall keep', 'beyni' means 'between me', 'uveineichem' means 'and between you', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'zaracha' means 'your seed', 'acharicha' means 'after you', 'himmol' means 'all', 'lachem' means 'to you' (plural), 'kol' means 'all', 'zakar' means 'male'.
[GEN.17.11] And you shall take the flesh of your nakedness, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and you. [§]
unmaltem et besar arlatchem vehaya leot berit beyni ubeineichem.
'unmaltem' means 'you shall take' (verb, second person plural future), 'et' is the Hebrew object marker and is not rendered in English, 'besar' means 'the flesh', 'arlatchem' means 'your nakedness' (arlah = nakedness, -chem = your plural), 'vehay' means 'and it shall be', 'leot' means 'as a sign', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'beyni' means 'between me', and 'ubeineichem' means 'and between you' (plural).
[GEN.17.12] And a son of eight days will arise for you, all male to your generations, a child of a house and a silver possession from all a son of a foreigner who is not of your seed. [§]
u'ven shemonat yamim yimmol lakhem kol zakhar le-doroteikhem yeled bayit u-miknat kesef mikol ben nechar asher lo mizra'akha hu
'u'ven' means 'and a son', 'shemonat' means 'of eight', 'yamim' means 'days', 'yimmol' means 'will arise/turn', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'kol' means 'all', 'zakhar' means 'male', 'le-doroteikhem' means 'to your generations', 'yeled' means 'child', 'bayit' means 'house', 'u-miknat' means 'and possession', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'ben nechar' means 'son of a foreigner', 'asher' means 'who', 'lo' means 'not', 'mizra'akha' means 'of your seed', 'hu' means 'he/it'.
[GEN.17.13] Now shall be brought forth your house and your property and your money, and my covenant will be in your offspring as an everlasting covenant. [§]
Himmol yimmol yelid beitecha u-miknat kasspecha ve-hayetah Briti bi-bsharchem li-vrit olam.
'Himmol' means 'now' or 'this time', 'yimmol' means 'will become' or 'shall be', 'yelid' means 'to give birth, to bring forth', 'beitecha' means 'your house', 'u-miknat' means 'and your livestock/property', 'kasspecha' means 'your money', 've-hayetah' means 'and it will be', 'Briti' means 'my covenant', 'bi-bsharchem' means 'in your flesh/offspring', 'li-vrit' means 'as a covenant', 'olam' means 'everlasting'.
[GEN.17.14] And a virgin male who does not defile the flesh of his virginity, and that soul shall be cut off from his people because he broke my covenant. [§]
ve'arel zakar asher lo yimmol et beshar ar'lato ve-nikreta hanefesh hahiu me'ameha et beriti hefar.
've'arel' means 'and a virgin', 'zakar' means 'male', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'lo' means 'not', 'yimmol' means 'defiles', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'beshar' means 'flesh', 'ar'lato' means 'of his virginity', 've-nikreta' means 'and shall be cut off', 'hanefesh' means 'the soul', 'hahiu' means 'that', 'me'ameha' means 'from his people', 'et' again the direct‑object marker, 'beriti' means 'my covenant', 'hefar' means 'broke'.
[GEN.17.15] And the Gods said to Abraham, Sarai your wife you shall not call her name Sarai, for Sarah is her name. [§]
Vayomer Elohim el Avraham Sarai ishtecha lo tikra et shemah Sarai ki Sarah shemah.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el' means 'to', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'Sarai' is the personal name Sarai, 'ishtecha' means 'your wife', 'lo' means 'not', 'tikra' means 'you shall call', 'et' is a particle introducing the direct object, 'shemah' means 'her name', the second 'Sarai' repeats the name, 'ki' means 'for', 'Sarah' is the new name Sarah, and the final 'shemah' again means 'her name'.
[GEN.17.16] I will bless her, and I will also give from her to you a son; and I will bless her, and she will become a mother of nations, and from her shall arise kings of peoples. [§]
U'veraktI otah ve'gam natati m'menna lekha ben u'veraktihah ve'hayetah legoyim malkhei amim m'menna yihyu.
'U'veraktI' means 'and I will bless', 'otah' means 'her', 've'gam' means 'and also', 'natati' means 'I will give', 'm'menna' means 'from her', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'ben' means 'a son', 'u'veraktihah' means 'and I will bless her', 've'hayetah' means 'and she will become', 'legoyim' means 'to nations' i.e., 'a mother of nations', 'malkhei' means 'kings of', 'amim' means 'peoples', 'm'menna' again means 'from her', 'yihyu' means 'they will be' or 'shall be'.
[GEN.17.17] And Abraham fell on his face and laughed, and said in his heart, 'The child will be born at a hundred years, but if Sarah, the ninety‑year‑old, will bear.' [§]
Vayipol Avraham al panav vayitzchak vayomer belevho halben mea shana yivaled ve'im Sara ha bat tishim shana teled.
'Vayipol' means 'and he fell', 'Avraham' is the personal name Abraham, 'al panav' means 'upon his face', 'vayitzchak' means 'and he laughed', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'belevho' means 'in his heart', 'halben' means 'the child', 'mea shana' means 'a hundred years', 'yivaled' means 'will be born', 've'im' means 'but if', 'Sara' is the personal name Sarah, 'ha bat tishim' means 'the ninety‑year‑old', 'shana' means 'year', 'teled' means 'will bear'.
[GEN.17.18] And Abraham said to the Gods, let Ishmael live before you. [§]
Vayomer Avraham el-HaElohim lo Yishmael yichyeh lefanekha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'el' means 'to', 'HaElohim' means 'the Gods', 'lo' means 'let' (jussive particle), 'Yishmael' means 'Ishmael', 'yichyeh' means 'he will live', 'lefanekha' means 'before you'.
[GEN.17.19] And said the Gods, behold Sarah your wife will bear you a son and you shall call his name Isaac and I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant to his seed after him. [§]
Va-yomer Elohim aval Sarah ishetkha yoledet lecha ben ve-karata et-shemo Yitzchak ve-hakimoti et-beriti ito livrit olam le-tzaro acharei vo.
'Va-yomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'aval' means 'behold', 'Sarah' is a proper name, 'ishetkha' means 'your wife', 'yoledet' means 'will bear', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'ben' means 'a son', 've-karata' means 'and you shall call', 'et-shemo' means 'his name', 'Yitzchak' is the proper name Isaac, 've-hakimoti' means 'and I will establish', 'et-beriti' means 'my covenant', 'ito' means 'with him', 'livrit' means 'for a covenant', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'le-tzaro' means 'to his seed', 'acharei' means 'after', 'vo' means 'him'.
[GEN.17.20] And to Ishmael I have heard you; behold, I have blessed him, and I have multiplied him, and I have greatly increased him, exceedingly; twelve princes he will bear, and I will give him a great nation. [§]
u leYishma'el shematicha hineh berachti oto vehipreiti oto vehirbeiti oto bimeod meod shneim-asar nesi'im yolid unetatti legoi gadol.
'u' means 'and', 'leYishma'el' means 'to Ishmael', 'shematicha' means 'I have heard you', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'berachti' means 'I have blessed', 'oto' means 'him', 'vehipreiti' means 'and I have multiplied', 'vehirbeiti' means 'and I have increased', 'bimeod' means 'greatly', 'meod' means 'exceedingly', 'shneim-asar' means 'twelve', 'nesi'im' means 'princes', 'yolid' means 'will bear', 'unetatti' means 'and I will give him', 'legoi' means 'to a nation', 'gadol' means 'great'.
[GEN.17.21] And I will establish my covenant with Isaac, who Sarah will bear for you at this appointed time in the next year. [§]
ve'et beriti akim et yitzchak asher teled lekha Sarah lamoked hazeh ba shanah ha acheret
've'et' means 'and' (conjunction introducing object). 'beriti' means 'my covenant'. 'akim' means 'I will establish' or 'I will set up'. 'et' is the direct object marker (no translation). 'yitzchak' means 'Isaac' (the name). 'asher' means 'who' or 'that'. 'teled' means 'you will bear' (future of bear). 'lekha' means 'to you' (for you). 'Sarah' means 'Sarah' (the name). 'lamoked' means 'for the appointed time' or 'at the meeting'. 'hazeh' means 'this'. 'ba shanah' means 'in the year'. 'ha acheret' means 'the next' or 'the following'.
[GEN.17.22] And he finished speaking with him, and the Gods went up from above Abraham. [§]
Vayekhal leDabber ito Vayyaal Elohim meAl Avraham.
'Vayekhal' means 'and he finished', 'leDabber' means 'to speak', 'ito' means 'with him', 'Vayyaal' means 'and he went up/ascended', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal translation of the divine name), 'meAl' means 'from above' or 'from over', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham' (the personal name).
[GEN.17.23] And Abraham took Ishmael his son and all the offspring of his house and all his livestock, all the males among the men of the house of Abraham, and he divided the flesh of their uncircumcised [people] on that very day as the Gods had spoken with him. [§]
Vayikach Avraham et-Yishmael beno ve'et kol-yeledei beito ve'et kol-miknat kaspo kol-zachar beanshei beit Avraham vayamal et-besar arlatam be'etzem hayom hazeh ka'asher diber ito Elohim.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'et' is the direct‑object marker and is left untranslated, 'Yishmael' means Ishmael, 'beno' means 'his son', 've'et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'yeledei' means 'the offspring/children', 'beito' means 'of his house', 'miknat' means 'livestock', 'kaspo' means 'his wealth', 'zachar' means 'male', 'beanshei' means 'among the men', 'beit Avraham' means 'the house of Abraham', 'vayamal' means 'and he divided/gave out', 'besar' means 'the flesh', 'arlatam' means 'their uncircumcised [people]', 'be'etzem' means 'by the bone' or 'in the flesh', 'hayom hazeh' means 'this day', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'ito' means 'with him', and 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[GEN.17.24] And Abraham was ninety nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. [§]
Ve-Avraham ben tishim ve-tesha shana be-himolo be-sar arlato.
'Ve' means 'and', 'Avraham' is the proper name Abraham, 'ben' means 'son' but here indicates 'age of', 'tishim' means 'ninety', 've-tesha' means 'and nine', together 'ninety nine' indicating years, 'shana' means 'year' used here for 'years old', 'be-himolo' means 'when he was circumcised', 'be-sar' means 'in the flesh', 'arlato' means 'of his foreskin'.
[GEN.17.25] And Ishmael his son, a boy of thirteen years, at his weaning, (gave) the flesh of his nakedness. [§]
veYishma'el beno ben-shlosh esreh shana behemmolo et besar arlato.
'veYishma'el' means 'and Ishmael', 'beno' means 'his son', 'ben-shlosh esreh shana' means 'a son of three and seventeen years' i.e., 'thirteen years old', 'behemmolo' means 'at his weaning', 'et' is the direct‑object marker with no lexical meaning, 'besar' means 'the flesh', 'arlato' means 'his nakedness'.
[GEN.17.26] On this very day Abraham and his son Ishmael will be killed. [§]
be etsem hayom hazeh nimol avraham veYishmael bno.
'be' means 'in', 'etsem' means 'exactly' or 'the very', together 'be etsem' means 'at the very'. 'hayom' means 'the day'. 'hazeh' means 'this'. 'nimol' means 'will be killed' (future passive of the verb 'to die' or 'to be slain'). 'avraham' is the proper name Abraham. 'veYishmael' means 'and Ishmael' ('ve' = 'and', 'Yishmael' is the name). 'bno' means 'his son' ('b' = 'in/with' but here as a construct meaning 'his', 'no' = 'son').
[GEN.17.27] And all the men of his house produced a house, and a silver item from a foreigner was allotted to him. [§]
vekol anshei beito yeled bayit u-miknat kesef me'et ben nechar nimolu ito.
'vekol' means 'and all', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'beito' means 'his house', 'yeled' means 'gave birth to' or 'produced', 'bayit' means 'a house', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'miknat' means 'purchase' or 'item', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'me'et' means 'from the hand of', 'ben' means 'son' but together with 'nechar' means 'foreigner', 'nimolu' means 'were allotted' or 'were divided', 'ito' means 'with him'.
GEN.18
[GEN.18.1] And Yahveh appeared to him in the oaks of Mamre, and he was sitting at the entrance of the tent in the heat of the day. [§]
Vayera elav Yahveh beelonai Mamre vehu yosev petach ha'ohel kechom hayom.
'Vayera' means 'and appeared', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'beelonai' means 'in the oaks', 'Mamre' is a proper place name, 'vehu' means 'and he', 'yosev' means 'was sitting', 'petach ha'ohel' means 'the entrance of the tent', 'kechom' means 'as the heat', 'hayom' means 'the day'.
[GEN.18.2] And he lifted his eyes and looked, and behold three men were standing against him; and he looked and ran to meet them from the opening of the tent, and he bowed himself to the ground. [§]
va-yissa eynav va-yareh ve-hineh shlosha anashim nitsavim alav va-yareh va-yaratz likraatam mipetach ha-ohel va-yishtachu artsa.
'va-yissa' means 'and he lifted', 'eynav' means 'his eyes', 'va-yareh' means 'and he saw/looked', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'anashim' means 'men', 'nitsavim' means 'standing', 'alav' means 'over him/against him', 'va-yareh' again means 'and he saw', 'va-yaratz' means 'and he ran', 'likraatam' means 'to meet them', 'mipetach' means 'from the opening', 'ha-ohel' means 'the tent', 'va-yishtachu' means 'and he bowed himself', 'artsa' means 'to the ground'.
[GEN.18.3] And my Lord said, 'If I have found favor in your eyes, please do not pass over your servant.' [§]
Vayomer Adonai im na matzati chen be eynkha al na taabor me'al avdeka.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'im na' means 'if please', 'matzati' means 'I have found', 'chen' means 'favor', 'be eynkha' means 'in your eyes', 'al na' means 'please do not', 'taabor' means 'you will pass', 'me'al' means 'over', 'avdeka' means 'your servant'.
[GEN.18.4] Please take a little water and wash your feet and rest under the tree. [§]
Yukach na me'at mayim ve rachatsu ragleichem ve hishanu tachat haets.
'Yukach' means 'take', 'na' means 'please', 'me'at' means 'a little', 'mayim' means 'water', 've' means 'and', 'rachatsu' means 'wash (you plural)', 'ragleichem' means 'your feet', 've' means 'and', 'hishanu' means 'rest' or 'sit', 'tachat' means 'under', 'ha' means 'the', 'ets' means 'tree'.
[GEN.18.5] And I will take a piece of bread and they will feed you after you will pass because for this reason you have crossed upon your servant and they said so you shall do as you said. [§]
veekha pat lechem ve-saadu livchekhem achar taavru ki al ken avartem al avdechem vayomru ken taaseh kaasher dibarta.
'veekha' means 'and I will take', 'pat' means 'piece', 'lechem' means 'bread', 've-saadu' means 'and they will feed', 'livchekhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'achar' means 'after', 'taavru' means 'you will pass', 'ki' means 'because', 'al' means 'for', 'ken' means 'this reason', 'avartem' means 'you have crossed', 'al' means 'upon', 'avdechem' means 'your servant', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'ken' means 'so', 'taaseh' means 'you shall do', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'dibarta' means 'you said'.
[GEN.18.6] And Abraham hurried the tent to Sarah, and said, "Hurry, three se'im of fine wheat flour for Lusi, and make cakes." [§]
Vaymaher Avraham ha'ohela el Sara vayomer Mahri shlosh se'im qemach solet lusi va'asi uggot.
'Vaymaher' means 'and he hurried', 'Avraham' is the name 'Abraham', 'ha'ohela' means 'the tent', 'el' means 'to', 'Sara' is 'Sarah', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Mahri' means 'hurry', 'shlosh' means 'three', 'se'im' is a biblical measure (about a third of an ephah), 'qemach' means 'wheat', 'solet' means 'fine flour', 'lusi' is a proper name (likely a servant or family member), 'va'asi' means 'and make', 'uggot' means 'cakes' or 'baked breads'.
[GEN.18.7] And Abraham ran to the calf, and he took a tender and good young calf, and he gave it to the boy, and he hurried to make it. [§]
ve'el-habakar ratz Avraham vayikach ben-bakar rach votov vayiten el-hana'ar vaymaher la'asot oto.
've'el' means 'and to', 'habakar' means 'the calf', 'ratz' means 'ran', 'Avraham' is the proper name Abraham, 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'ben-bakar' means 'young calf', 'rach' means 'tender', 'votov' means 'and good', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'el' means 'to', 'hana'ar' means 'the boy', 'vaymaher' means 'and he hastened', 'la'asot' means 'to do/make', 'oto' means 'it' (referring to the calf).
[GEN.18.8] He took butter and milk and the calf that he had prepared, placed them before them, and he stood over them under the tree, and they ate. [§]
vayikach chemah vehalav uven-habakar asher asah vayiten liftanehem vehu omad aleihem tachat haets vayochlu.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'chemah' means 'butter', 'vehalav' means 'and milk', 'uven-habakar' means 'and the calf', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asah' means 'he prepared', 'vayiten' means 'and he placed', 'liftanehem' means 'before them', 'vehhu' means 'and he', 'omad' means 'stood', 'aleyhem' means 'over them/among them', 'tachat' means 'under', 'haets' means 'the tree', 'vayochlu' means 'and they ate'.
[GEN.18.9] And they said to him, Where is Sarai your wife? And he said, Behold, in the tent. [§]
vayomeru elav ayyeh Sarai ishtekha vayomer hineh ba ohel.
'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'ayyeh' means 'where', 'Sarai' is the proper name Sarah, 'ishtekha' means 'your wife', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ba ohel' means 'in the tent'.
[GEN.18.10] And he said, 'Return, I will return to you as a living time, and behold a son to Sarah your wife, and Sarah listening at the opening of the tent, and he was behind him.' [§]
Vayomer shov ashav eilekha ka'et chayah vehineh ben leSara ishtekha veSara shoma'at petach ha'ohel vehu acharav.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'shov' means 'return', 'ashav' means 'I will return', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'ka'et' means 'as at the time', 'chayah' means 'living' or 'life', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'ben' means 'son', 'leSara' means 'to Sarah', 'ishtekha' means 'your wife', 'veSara' means 'and Sarah', 'shoma'at' means 'listening', 'petach' means 'opening', 'ha'ohel' means 'the tent', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'acharav' means 'behind him'.
[GEN.18.11] And Abraham and Sarah, old, came in those days; the way of women ceased for Sarah. [§]
veAvraham veSarah zekanim baim bayamim chadal lihyot leSarah orach kanashim.
'veAvraham' means 'and Abraham', 'veSarah' means 'and Sarah', 'zekanim' means 'old' or 'elderly', 'baim' means 'they came', 'bayamim' means 'in the days', 'chadal' means 'ceased' or 'stopped', 'lihyot' means 'to be', 'leSarah' means 'for Sarah', 'orach' means 'way' or 'path', 'kanashim' means 'as women' (literally 'like women').
[GEN.18.12] And Sarah laughed within herself, saying, 'After my barrenness I had a mirage, and my Lord is old.' [§]
Vattitzchak Sarah beqirbah le'emor acharei veloti hayta li ednah v'adoni zaken.
'Vattitzchak' means 'and she laughed', 'Sarah' is the name Sarah, 'beqirbah' means 'in her heart/within herself', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'acharei' means 'after', 'veloti' means 'my barrenness', 'hayta' means 'was', 'li' means 'to me' (forming 'I had'), 'ednah' means 'a mirage' or 'a fantasy', 'v'adoni' means 'and my Lord', 'zakEn' means 'old'.
[GEN.18.13] Yahveh said to Abraham, Why did Sarah laugh, saying, Will I truly bear a child, for I am old? [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Avraham lama zeh tzachaqah Sarah le'emor ha'af umnem elad va'ani zakanti.
"Vayomer" means "and He said", "Yahveh" means "Yahveh", "el-Avraham" means "to Abraham", "lama" means "why", "zeh" means "this", "tzachaqah" means "laughed", "Sarah" means "Sarah", "le'emor" means "to say", "ha'af" means "indeed", "umnem" means "surely", "elad" means "I will bear a child", "va'ani" means "and I", "zakanti" means "am old".
[GEN.18.14] Will a marvel from Yahveh be a word for the appointed meeting? I will return to you at the appointed time, alive, and to Sarah's son. [§]
hayipale meiYahveh davar lamoked ashuv elekha ka'et chayah ulesarah ben.
'hayipale' means 'will be a marvel' (from the root פלא meaning wonder), 'meiYahveh' means 'from Yahveh' (YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'davar' means 'word' or 'thing', 'lamoked' means 'to the appointed meeting' (from מוֹעֵד), 'ashuv' means 'I will return' or 'I will turn back', 'elekha' means 'to you' (masculine singular), 'ka'et' means 'as a time' or 'at the appointed time', 'chayah' means 'living' or 'life', 'ulesarah' means 'and to Sarah', 'ben' means 'son' (or 'child').
[GEN.18.15] And Sarah denied, saying, 'I did not laugh because I was afraid,' and he said, 'Not because you laughed.' [§]
va-tekhahesh Sarah le'emor lo tzachakti ki yareah va-yoemer lo ki tzachakt.
'va-tekhahesh' means 'and she denied', 'Sarah' is the name of the woman, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'lo' means 'not', 'tzachakti' means 'I laughed', 'ki' means 'because', 'yareah' means 'I was afraid', 'va-yoemer' means 'and he said', the second 'lo' means 'not', the second 'ki' means 'because', and 'tzachakt' means 'you laughed'.
[GEN.18.16] And the men rose up from there, and looked toward Sodom, and Abraham walked with them to send them away. [§]
Vayaku mu misham ha anashim vayashkefu al pnei Sedom ve Avraham holech imah leshalchehem.
Vayaku mu = and they rose up; misham = from there; ha anashim = the men; vayashkefu = and they looked; al = toward; pnei = the face of (i.e., before); Sedom = Sodom; ve = and; Avraham = Abraham; holech = walking; imah = with them; leshalchehem = to send them away.
[GEN.18.17] Yahveh said the covering I from Abraham that I make. [§]
Va Yahveh amar ha makasseh ani me Avraham asher ani oseh.
'Va' means 'and', 'Yahveh' is the divine name, 'amar' means 'said', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'makasseh' means 'covering' or 'one who covers', 'ani' means 'I', 'me' is a preposition meaning 'from', 'Avraham' is the proper name 'Abraham', 'asher' means 'that' or 'who', 'ani' again means 'I', and 'oseh' means 'make' or 'do'.
[GEN.18.18] And Abraham will become a great and strong nation, and all the nations of the earth will be blessed through him. [§]
Ve'Avraham yihyeh legoi gadol ve'oz ve'nivrachu bo kol goyei haaretz.
'Ve'Avraham' means 'and Abraham', 'yihyeh' means 'will become', 'legoi' means 'to a nation', 'gadol' means 'great', 've'oz' means 'and strong', 've'nivrachu' means 'and will be blessed', 'bo' means 'in him' or 'through him', 'kol' means 'all', 'goye haaretz' means 'nations of the earth'.
[GEN.18.19] Because I have known him for the purpose that he will command his sons and his house after him, and they kept the way of Yahveh to do righteousness and judgment, so that Yahveh might bring upon Abraham what He had spoken concerning him. [§]
ki yedatti lemaan asher yetzave et banav ve et beito acharav ve shamru derekh Yahveh la'asot tzedakah u mishpat lemaan habei Yahveh al Avraham et asher diber alav.
'ki' means 'because', 'yedatti' means 'I have known', 'lemaan' means 'for the purpose', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yetzave' means 'he will command', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'banav' means 'his sons', 've' means 'and', 'beito' means 'his house', 'acharav' means 'after him', 'shamru' means 'they kept', 'derekh' means 'the way', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'tzedakah' means 'righteousness/justice', 'u mishpat' means 'and judgment', 'lemaan' again means 'so that', 'habei' means 'might bring', 'al' means 'upon', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'et' again the object marker, 'asher' means 'what', 'diber' means 'He spoke', 'alav' means 'concerning him'.
[GEN.18.20] And Yahveh said, 'The outcry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and their sin is very heavy.' [§]
Vayomer Yahveh zaqat Sedom veAmorah ki rabba vechatatam ki kavda meod.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'zaqat' means 'outcry' or 'cry', 'Sedom' means 'Sodom', 'veAmorah' means 'and Gomorrah', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'rabba' means 'great' or 'many', 'vechatatam' means 'and their sin', 'kavda' means 'heavy', 'meod' means 'very'.
[GEN.18.21] Let me go down and I will see the clamor that is coming toward me; they have done everything, and if not I will know. [§]
Erada-na ve'eré haktsaʻaqat ha-baʻa elai asú kálla ve'im lo edáah.
'Erada-na' means 'let me go down', 've'eré' means 'and I will see', 'haktsaʻaqat' means 'the shouting' or 'clamor', 'ha-baʻa' means 'that is coming', 'elai' means 'to me', 'asú' means 'they have made' or 'they did', 'kálla' means 'everything' or 'all', 've'im' means 'and if', 'lo' means 'not', 'edáah' means 'I will know'.
[GEN.18.22] And they turned from there, the men, and went to Sodom, and Abraham was still standing before Yahveh. [§]
vayifnu misham ha-anashim vayelchu Sedom ve-Avraham odenu omed lifnei Yahveh.
'vayifnu' means 'and they turned', 'misham' means 'from there', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'vayelchu' means 'and they went', 'Sedom' means 'Sodom', 've-Avraham' means 'and Abraham', 'odenu' means 'still', 'omed' means 'standing', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[GEN.18.23] And Abraham drew near and said, 'Will you indeed count the righteous together with the wicked?' [§]
Vayigash Avraham vayomer haf tispeh tsaddik im-rasha.
'Vayigash' means 'and he drew near', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'haf' is an emphatic particle meaning 'indeed' or 'surely', 'tispeh' means 'will you count' (from the root s‑p‑h), 'tsaddik' means 'righteous one', 'im' means 'with', 'rasha' means 'the wicked'.
[GEN.18.24] Perhaps there are fifty righteous in the city; you will count the nose and will not go to the place for the sake of the fifty righteous who are within it. [§]
ulay yesh chamisim tzaddikim betoch ha'ir ha'af tisphe velo tisa lamakom lema'an chamisim ha-tzadikim asher beqirbah.
'ulay' means 'perhaps', 'yesh' means 'there is/are', 'chamisim' (from chamisha) means 'fifty', 'tzaddikim' means 'righteous ones', 'betoch' means 'inside', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'ha'af' means 'the nose' (or idiomatically 'the very forefront'), 'tisphe' means 'you will count', 'velo' means 'and not', 'tisa' means 'you will bear/carry', 'lamakom' means 'to the place', 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of', 'chamisim' again means 'fifty', 'ha-tzadikim' means 'the righteous', 'asher' means 'who', 'beqirbah' means 'in its interior'.
[GEN.18.25] It is a disgrace to you to act in this way, to cause a righteous person to die with a wicked one, and the righteous will become like the wicked. It is a disgrace to you, judge of the whole earth, that you will not render judgment. [§]
Chalila lekha me'aseh kadavar hazeh lehamit tzaddik im rashah ve'hayah katzaddik karashah chalila lakh hashofet kol haaretz lo ya'ase mishpat.
'Chalila' means 'disgrace' or 'defilement', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'me'aseh' means 'from doing', 'kadavar' means 'this matter' (literally 'like the thing'), 'hazeh' means 'this', 'lehamit' means 'to cause death', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous person', 'im' means 'with', 'rashah' means 'wicked one', 've' is 'and', 'hayah' means 'it will be', 'katzaddik' means 'as a righteous one', 'karashah' means 'as a wicked one', 'hashofet' means 'judge', 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'lo' means 'not', 'ya'ase' means 'will do', 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'justice'.
[GEN.18.26] And Yahveh said, if I find fifty righteous within the city of Sodom, I will spare the whole city for their sake. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh im emtsa bis'dom chammishim tzaddikim betoch ha'ir venasati lechol hamakom ba'avuram.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH meaning the divine name, 'im' means 'if', 'emtsa' means 'I find', 'bis'dom' means 'in Sodom', 'chammishim' means 'fifty', 'tzaddikim' means 'righteous ones', 'betoch' means 'within', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'venasati' means 'and I will spare', 'lechol' means 'for all', 'hamakom' means 'the place' (understood as the city), 'ba'avuram' means 'because of them' or 'for their sake'.
[GEN.18.27] And Abraham answered and said, Behold, now I have humbled myself to speak to my Lord, and I am dust and ash. [§]
Vayyan Avraham vayomar hinneh-na ho'alti le-dabber el-adonai ve-anokhi afar vaefer.
'Vayyan' means 'and answered', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'vayomar' means 'and said', 'hinneh-na' means 'behold, now', 'ho''alti' comes from the root meaning 'to humble oneself' and is rendered here as 'I have humbled myself', 'le-dabber' means 'to speak', 'el' means 'to', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 've-anokhi' means 'and I', 'afar' means 'dust', 'vaefer' means 'and ash'.
[GEN.18.28] Perhaps they will lack fifty the righteous, five; shall you destroy in five the whole city? And he said, I will not destroy if I find there forty and five. [§]
Ulay yachs'run chamishim hatzadikim chamisha hatashchit bachamisha et kol hair vayomer lo ashchit im emtza sham arbaim vechamisha.
'Ulay' means 'perhaps', 'yachs'run' means 'they will lack', 'chamishim' means 'fifty', 'hatzadikim' means 'the righteous', 'chamisha' means 'five', 'hatashchit' means 'shall you destroy' (imperative), 'bachamisha' means 'in five' or 'by five', 'et kol hair' means 'the whole city', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashchit' means 'I will destroy', 'im' means 'if', 'emtza' means 'I find', 'sham' means 'there', 'arbaim' means 'forty', 'vechamisha' means 'and five'.
[GEN.18.29] And he added still to speak to him, and said, perhaps they will be found there forty; and he said, I will not do it because of the forty. [§]
Vayossef od le-daber elav vayomer ulai yimatzun sham arba'im vayomer lo e'aseh ba'avur ha'arba'im.
'Vayossef' means 'and he added', 'od' means 'still' or 'more', 'le-daber' means 'to speak', 'elav' means 'to him', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ulai' means 'perhaps' or 'maybe', 'yimatzun' means 'they will be found', 'sham' means 'there', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'vayomer' means 'and he said' (again), 'lo' means 'not', 'e'aseh' means 'I will do' or 'I will make', 'ba'avur' means 'because of' or 'on account of', 'ha'arba'im' means 'the forty'.
[GEN.18.30] And he said, 'Please do not be angry at my Lord, and I will speak, perhaps they will be found there thirty.' And he said, 'I will not do it if I find thirty there.' [§]
Vayomer al-na yichar laAdoni va'adavera ulai yimatzun sham shloshim vayomer lo e'ese im emtza sham shloshim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'al-na' means 'please do not', 'yichar' means 'be angry', 'laAdoni' means 'at my Lord', 'va'adavera' means 'and I will speak', 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'yimatzun' means 'they will be found', 'sham' means 'there', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'e'ese' means 'I will do', 'im' means 'if', 'emtza' means 'I find', 'sham' means 'there', 'shloshim' means 'thirty'.
[GEN.18.31] And he said, Behold now I have brought to speak to my Lord, perhaps they will be found there twenty, and he said, I will not destroy because of the twenty. [§]
Vayomer hineh na hoalti le-dabber el Adonai ulai yimatzun sham esrim vayomer lo ashchit ba'avur haesrim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'now' or 'please', 'hoalti' means 'I have brought' or 'I am about to bring', 'le-dabber' means 'to speak', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'ulai' means 'perhaps' or 'maybe', 'yimatzun' means 'they will be found' or 'they may be discovered', 'sham' means 'there', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashchit' means 'I will destroy' or 'I will ruin', 'ba'avur' means 'because of' or 'on account of', 'haesrim' means 'the twenty' (the same numeral previously mentioned).
[GEN.18.32] And he said, 'Please do not be angry with my Lord, and I will speak only this time; perhaps they will find ten there.' And he said, 'I will not destroy for the sake of the ten.' [§]
Vayomer al na yichar laAdonai va'adavra ach hapaam ulai yimatzun sham asarah vayomer lo ashchit baavur haasara.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'al na' means 'please' or 'do not', 'yichar' means 'be angry', 'laAdonai' means 'to my Lord', 'va'adavra' means 'and I will speak', 'ach' means 'only', 'hapaam' means 'this time', 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'yimatzun' means 'they will find', 'sham' means 'there', 'asarah' means 'ten', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashchit' means 'I will destroy', 'baavur' means 'for the sake of', 'haasara' means 'the ten'.
[GEN.18.33] Yahveh went as he had finished speaking to Abraham, and Abraham returned to his place. [§]
Vayeilech Yahveh ka'asher killa ledabber el-Avraham ve-Avraham shav limkomo.
'Vayeilech' means 'and went', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'killa' means 'he finished', 'ledabber' means 'to speak', 'el-Avraham' means 'to Abraham', 've-Avraham' means 'and Abraham', 'shav' means 'returned', 'limkomo' means 'to his place'.
GEN.19
[GEN.19.1] And the two angels came to Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting at the gate of Sodom; and he saw them, rose up to meet them, and bowed down to the ground. [§]
Vayyavohu shnei hama'la'kim Sedom ba'erev veLot yoshev besha'ar Sedom vayyar lot vayyakam likra'atam vayishtachu apayim aratzah.
'Vayyavohu' means 'and they came', 'shnei' means 'two', 'hama'la'kim' means 'the angels', 'Sedom' means 'Sodom', 'ba'erev' means 'in the evening', 'veLot' means 'and Lot', 'yoshev' means 'was sitting', 'besh'ar Sedom' means 'at the gate of Sodom', 'vayar' means 'and saw', 'lot' is the proper name Lot, 'vayyakam' means 'and rose up', 'likra'atam' means 'to meet them', 'vayishtachu' means 'and bowed down', 'apayim' means 'feet' (idiomatically 'to the ground'), 'aratzah' means 'to the ground'.
[GEN.19.2] And he said, Behold, O my Lord, turn now to the house of your servants, and we will lodge, and wash your feet, and you will rise early and go your way; and they said, No, because we will linger in the open field. [§]
vayomer hineh na adonai suru na el beit avdechem ve linen ve rachatsu ragleichem ve hishkamtam ve halaktem le darchechem vayomru lo ki barachov nalin
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'now', 'adonai' means 'my Lord', 'suru' means 'turn', 'na' again 'now', 'el' means 'to', 'beit' means 'house', 'avdechem' means 'your servant (plural)', 've' means 'and', 'linu' means 'we will lodge', 've' again 'and', 'rachatsu' means 'wash', 'ragleichem' means 'your feet', 've' again 'and', 'hishkamtam' means 'you will rise early', 've' again 'and', 'halaktem' means 'you will go', 'le' means 'to', 'darchechem' means 'your way', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'lo' means 'not', 'ki' means 'because', 'ba' means 'in the', 'rechov' means 'open field', 'nalin' means 'we will linger'.
[GEN.19.3] And he broke them greatly, and they came to him, and they entered his house, and he made a feast for them, and gave them unleavened cakes, and they ate. [§]
Vayifzar bam meod vayassuru elav vayavo el-beitoh vayya'as lahem mishte u-matzot afah vayochlu.
'Vayifzar' means 'and he broke', 'bam' means 'them', 'meod' means 'greatly' or 'very', 'vayassuru' means 'and they went' or 'came', 'elav' means 'to him', 'vayavo' means 'and they came', 'el-beitoh' means 'to his house', 'vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'mishte' means 'a feast', 'u-matzot' means 'and unleavened cakes', 'afah' is a proper name meaning 'of Afah' or could be an idiom, and 'vayochlu' means 'and they ate'.
[GEN.19.4] Before they lay down, and the men of the city, the men of Sodom, went around the house from the young to the old, all the people to the end. [§]
terem yishkavu ve'anashé ha'ir anashé Sedom nasavu al ha-bayit minaar ve'ad zakén kol ha'am miqáze
"terem" means "before", "yishkavu" means "they lie down", "ve'anashé" means "and the men of", "ha'ir" means "the city", "anashé" again means "men of", "Sedom" is the name "Sodom", "nasavu" means "they turned around" or "went around", "al" means "upon" or "around", "ha-bayit" means "the house", "minaar" means "from youth" or "from the young", "ve'ad" means "and up to", "zakén" means "the old", "kol" means "all", "ha'am" means "the people", "miqáze" means "to the end" or "to the limit".
[GEN.19.5] And they called to Lot and said to him, Where are the men who have come to you this night? Bring them out to us, that we may know them. [§]
Vayikreu el-Lot vayomru lo ayyeh ha'anashim asher-bau eilecha halayla hotzi'em eleinu ve-nedaha otam.
'Vayikreu' means 'and they called', 'el-Lot' means 'to Lot', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ayyeh' means 'where', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'asher-bau' means 'who came', 'eilecha' means 'to you', 'halayla' means 'this night', 'hotzi'em' means 'bring them out', 'eleinu' means 'to us', 've-nedaha' means 'and we will know', 'otam' means 'them'.
[GEN.19.6] And Lot went out to them at the gate and he shut the door behind him. [§]
vayetze alehem Lot ha-petachah ve-had elet sagar acharav.
'vayetze' means 'and he went out', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Lot' is the proper name of the person, 'ha-petachah' means 'the gate', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'had elet' means 'the door', 'sagar' means 'he closed', 'acharav' means 'behind him'.
[GEN.19.7] He said, 'Please, my brother, do not be wicked.' [§]
Vayomer al-na achi tareu.
'Vayomer' means 'He said'. 'Al' is the negative imperative particle meaning 'do not', and 'na' adds a polite sense, together forming the courteous 'please'. 'Achi' means 'my brother'. 'Tareu' is the third‑person plural imperfect of the root r‑a‑ʿa meaning 'to be wicked' or 'to do evil', here functioning as a negative command with 'al'.
[GEN.19.8] Behold, please, I have two daughters who do not know a man; I will now bring them to you and do for them what is good in your eyes, only for the men the God, do not do any thing because for this they have come in the shadow of my calling. [§]
Hineh na li shtei banot asher lo yadeu ish otzi'ah na ettehen aleichem ve'asu lahen kat tov beeynekhem rak la'anashim hael al ta'asu davar ki al ken bau betsel korati.
'Hineh' means 'Behold', 'na' is a pleading particle meaning 'please' or 'now', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'shtei' means 'two' (feminine), 'banot' means 'daughters', 'asher' means 'who/which', 'lo' means 'not', 'yadeu' means 'they know' (past), 'ish' means 'man', 'otzi'ah' means 'I will bring out', 'na' again is pleading 'please', 'ettehen' means 'them' (feminine plural), 'aleichem' means 'to you' (plural), 've'asu' means 'and do/make', 'lahen' means 'for them', 'kat' means 'as good' or 'in a good way', 'beeynekhem' means 'in your eyes', 'rak' means 'only', 'la'anashim' means 'for the men', 'hael' means 'the God' (El translated literally as God), 'al' means 'do not', 'ta'asu' means 'you (pl) do', 'davar' means 'thing' or 'matter', 'ki' means 'because', 'al' means 'upon' or 'for', 'ken' means 'this' or 'therefore', 'bau' means 'they came', 'betsi'l' means 'in the shadow', 'korati' means 'my calling' or 'my summons'.
[GEN.19.9] And they said, 'Go out,' and they said, 'The one who has come to stay will now judge; we are angry with you because of them.' They broke the man Lot severely and they moved to break the door. [§]
Vayomeru gesh-hal'ah vayomeru ha'echad ba-lagur vayishfot shapot attah nara lecha mehem vayifetzru ba'ish be'lot meod vayig'shu lishbor hadalet.
'Vayomeru' means 'they said', 'gesh-hal'ah' means 'go out', 'ha'echad' means 'the one', 'ba-lagur' means 'who has come to stay', 'vayishfot' means 'he will judge', 'shapot' means 'judge' (noun form), 'attah' means 'now', 'nara' means 'we will be angry', 'lecha' means 'against you', 'mehem' means 'because of them', 'vayifetzru' means 'they broke', 'ba'ish' means 'the man', 'be'lot' means 'Lot', 'meod' means 'greatly' or 'severely', 'vayig'shu' means 'they approached', 'lishbor' means 'to break', 'hadalet' means 'the door'.
[GEN.19.10] And the men sent forth their hands and they brought Lot to them to the house and they shut the door. [§]
Vayyishlechu ha-anashim et-yadam vayaviu et-Lot alehem habitah ve-et-hadallet sagaru.
'Vayyishlechu' means 'and they sent (forth)', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'et-yadam' means 'their hand(s)', 'vayaviu' means 'and they brought', 'et-Lot' means 'Lot (object marker)', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'habitah' means 'the house', 've-et-hadallet' means 'and the door (object marker)', 'sagaru' means 'they shut'.
[GEN.19.11] And the men who struck the house doorway with sandals from small and up to large were filled to find the doorway. [§]
ve'et ha-anashim asher-petach ha-bayit hiqqu basanveirim miqaton ve'ad gadol vayilu le'mtso ha-petach.
've'et' means 'and the', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'petach' means 'doorway' or 'opening', 'ha-bayit' means 'of the house', 'hiqqu' means 'they struck' or 'they hit', 'basanveirim' means 'with sandals', 'miqaton' means 'from small', 've'ad' means 'and up to', 'gadol' means 'large', 'vayilu' means 'they were filled' or 'they became full', 'le''mtso' means 'to find', 'ha-petach' means 'the doorway'.
[GEN.19.12] And the men said to Lot, 'Who is still yours here—groom, your sons, your daughters, and all that is yours in the city—bring them out of the place.' [§]
Vayomeru ha'anashim el-Lot od mi-lekha po chatan uvanekha uvenotekha vechol asher-lekha ba'ir hotzeh min-hamakom.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'el-Lot' means 'to Lot', 'od' means 'still' or 'yet', 'mi-lekha' means 'who is yours', 'po' means 'here', 'chatan' means 'groom' (or 'husband'), 'uvanekha' means 'your sons', 'uvenotekha' means 'your daughters', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher-lekha' means 'that is yours', 'ba'ir' means 'in the city', 'hotzeh' means 'bring out', 'min-hamakom' means 'from the place'.
[GEN.19.13] For we are destroying this place because their cry is great before the face of Yahveh, and Yahveh sent us to destroy it. [§]
Ki mashchitim anachnu et ha-makom ha-zeh ki gadla tza'akatam et p'nei Yahveh vayeshallacheinu Yahveh le'shachatah.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'mashchitim' is the verb meaning 'we are destroying', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', the second 'ki' means 'because', 'gadra' (here 'gadla') means 'great' or 'large', 'tza'akatam' means 'their cry', another 'et' is a marker, 'p'nei' means 'before the face of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayeshallacheinu' means 'and He sent us', and the final 'le'shachatah' means 'to destroy it'.
[GEN.19.14] And Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, the ones who had taken his daughters, and he said, 'Arise, go out from this place, for Yahveh will destroy the city,' and he seemed to be laughing in the eyes of his sons-in-law. [§]
Vayetze Lot vayedaber el chatnav lokchei benotav vayomer kumeu tzeu min hamacom hazeh ki mashchit Yahveh et hair vayehi kimtzachek beenei chatnav.
'Vayetze' means 'and went out', 'Lot' is the name Lot, 'vayedaber' means 'and spoke', 'el' means 'to', 'chatnav' means 'his sons-in-law', 'lokchei' means 'those who took', 'benotav' means 'his daughters', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'kumeu' means 'arise', 'tzeu' means 'go out', 'min' means 'from', 'hamacom' means 'the place', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ki' means 'for', 'mashchit' means 'will destroy', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is a direct object marker, 'hair' means 'the city', 'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kimtzachek' means 'as if laughing', 'beenei' means 'in the eyes of', 'chatnav' means 'his sons-in-law'.
[GEN.19.15] And as the dawn rose, the messengers hurried, saying, 'Get up, take your wife and your two daughters who have been found, lest you be punished because of the city's sin.' [§]
Ukemo hashachar alah vayyaitsu hamalachim beLot leemor kum kach et ishtecha ve'et shtei benotecha hanimtzaot pen tisafe baavon hair.
'Ukemo' means 'and as', 'hashachar' means 'the dawn', 'alah' means 'rose', 'vayyaitsu' means 'and they urged/pressed', 'hamalachim' means 'the messengers', 'beLot' means 'in haste' (idiomatically), 'leemor' means 'to say', 'kum' means 'rise' or 'get up', 'kach' means 'take', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ishtacha' means 'your wife', 've'et' means 'and', 'shtei' means 'two', 'benotecha' means 'your daughters', 'hanimtzaot' means 'that have been found', 'pen' means 'lest', 'tisafe' means 'you be punished', 'baavon' means 'for the sin', 'hair' means 'of the city'.
[GEN.19.16] And he was amazed, and the men seized him in his hand and in the hand of his wife and in the hand of his two daughters, in the mercy of Yahveh upon him; and they brought him out and set him down outside the city. [§]
Vayyitmahmah vayachazku ha-anashim be-yado u-be-yad ishto u-be-yad shtei b'no-tav be-chemlet Yahveh alav vayotzihu vayannichuhu michutz lair.
'Vayyitmahmah' means 'and he was amazed', 'vayachazku' means 'and they seized/held fast', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'be-yado' means 'in his hand', 'u-be-yad ishto' means 'and in the hand of his wife', 'u-be-yad shtei b'no-tav' means 'and in the hand of his two daughters', 'be-chemlet Yahveh' means 'in the mercy of Yahveh', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'vayotzihu' means 'they brought him out', 'vayannichuhu' means 'they set him down', 'michutz lair' means 'outside the city'.
[GEN.19.17] And it happened when he sent them out, the outside, and he said, "Flee for your life, do not look behind you, and do not stay in any of the mountain passes, flee lest you be captured." [§]
Vayhi kehotziam otam hachutza vayomer himaleet al-nafshecha al-tavit acharecha ve'al-ta'amod bechol-hakikar haharah himaleet pen-tisafeh.
'Vayhi' means 'and it happened', 'kehotziam' means 'when he sent them out', 'otam' means 'them', 'hachutza' means 'the outside' or 'out of the city', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'himaleet' means 'escape' or 'flee', 'al-nafshecha' means 'for your life/your soul', 'al-tavit' means 'do not look', 'acharecha' means 'behind you', 've'al-ta'amod' means 'and do not stand', 'bechol-hakikar' means 'in all the mountain passes', 'haharah' means 'the mountain', 'himaleet' again means 'flee', 'pen-tisafeh' means 'lest you be captured'.
[GEN.19.18] And Lot said to them, 'Please, my Lord!' [§]
Vayomer Lot alehem al-na Adonai.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Lot' is the proper name Lot, 'alehem' means 'to them', 'al' means 'do not', 'na' is a pleading particle meaning 'please', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord'.
[GEN.19.19] Behold please, your servant has found favor in your eyes and you have made great your kindness, which you have done with me to give life to my soul, and I am not able to escape the mountain lest evil cling to me and I die. [§]
Hineh na matza avdeka cheyn be'eynekha ve-tagdél chasdeka asher asita imadi le-hachayot et-nafshi ve-anoki lo uchal le-himmalet haharah pen tidbakani har'ah vamati.
'Hineh' means 'behold', 'na' adds a pleading tone 'please', 'matza' means 'found' or 'has found', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'cheyn' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'be'eynekha' means 'in your eyes', 've-tagdél' means 'and you have made great' (literally 'and you have increased'), 'chasdeka' means 'your kindness/steadfast love', 'asher' means 'that which' or 'which', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'le-hachayot' means 'to give life to', 'et-nafshi' means 'my soul', 've-anoki' means 'and I', 'lo' means 'not', 'uchal' means 'can' or 'am able', 'le-himmalet' means 'to escape', 'haharah' means 'the mountain', 'pen' means 'lest', 'tidbakani' means 'it cling to me' (literally 'it adhere to me'), 'har'ah' means 'evil', 'vamati' means 'and I die'.
[GEN.19.20] Behold now, this city is close for fleeing there, and it is narrow; I will escape there— is it not narrow?—and my soul lives. [§]
Hinneh na ha'ir hazot k'rovah lanus shammah ve'hi mits'ar immalta na shammah halo mits'ar hi u'tchi nafshi.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'na' is an emphatic particle often rendered 'now' or 'please', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'hazot' means 'this', 'k'rovah' means 'is near' or 'is close', 'lanus' means 'to flee', 'shammah' means 'there', 've'hi' means 'and it', 'mits'ar' means 'narrow' or 'tight', 'immalta' means 'I will escape' or 'I will get out', 'halo' means 'is not', 'u'tchi' means 'and I will live', 'nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[GEN.19.21] And he said to him, Behold, I have lifted your face also to this matter without turning the city which you spoke. [§]
Vayomer elav hineh nasati panecha gam l'davar hazeh levilti hefchi et ha'ir asher dibarta.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'nasati' means 'I have lifted' or 'I have turned', 'panecha' means 'your face', 'gam' means 'also', 'l'davar' means 'to the matter' or 'for the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'levilti' means 'without turning' or 'without changing', 'hefchi' means 'to turn' or 'to overturn', 'et ha'ir' means 'the city', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'dibarta' means 'you spoke' or 'you have said'.
[GEN.19.22] Hasten, escape there, because I cannot do anything until your coming there; therefore the name of the city is called Zoar. [§]
Maher himallet shamah ki lo ukhal laasot davar ad bo'kha shamah al ken kara shem hair Tzoar.
'Maher' means 'quickly' or 'hasten', 'himallet' is the imperative form of 'escape', 'shamah' means 'there', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'ukhal' means 'I can' or 'am able', 'laasot' means 'to do', 'davar' means 'thing' or 'matter', 'ad' means 'until', 'bo'kha' means 'your coming', the second 'shamah' again means 'there', 'al ken' means 'therefore', 'kara' means 'called', 'shem' means 'name', 'hair' means 'the city', and 'Tzoar' is the proper name of the city (Zoar).
[GEN.19.23] The sun rose over the earth, and Lot came early. [§]
ha shamesh yatza al haaretz veLot ba tzoarah.
'ha' means 'the', 'shamesh' means 'sun', 'yatza' means 'went out' or 'rose', 'al' means 'over', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'Lot' is a proper name, 'ba' means 'came', 'tzoarah' means 'early' or 'in the early morning'.
[GEN.19.24] And Yahveh rained down brimstone and fire from the heavens upon Sodom and Gomorrah. [§]
Vay Yahveh himtir al Sedom ve al Amorah gafrith va esh me et Yahveh min ha shamayim.
'Vay' means 'and', introducing a narrative action. 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, translated as Yahveh. 'himtir' means 'caused to rain' or 'rained down'. 'al' means 'upon'. 'Sedom' is the city of Sodom. 've' means 'and'. 'al' again means 'upon'. 'Amorah' is the city of Gomorrah. 'gafrith' means 'brimstone' or 'sulfur'. 'va' means 'and'. 'esh' means 'fire'. 'me' means 'from'. 'et' is a particle that marks the source, often rendered 'the hand of' but here simply 'from'. 'Yahveh' again is the name of God. 'min' means 'from'. 'ha' is the definite article 'the'. 'shamayim' means 'heavens' or 'sky'.
[GEN.19.25] And he turned the cities of the God and all the Kikkar and all the inhabitants of the cities and the grain of the earth. [§]
Vayahafoch et-he'arim ha'el ve'et kol-hakikkar ve'et kol-yoshvei ha'arim ve'tzemach ha'adama.
'Vayahafoch' means 'and he turned', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'he'arim' means 'cities', 'ha'el' means 'the God', 've'et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'hakikkar' is a proper name (kept as is), 've'et' again means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'yoshvei' means 'inhabitants of', 'ha'arim' again 'the cities', 've'' means 'and', 'tzemach' means 'grain' or 'produce', 'ha'adama' means 'the earth'.
[GEN.19.26] And his wife looked back behind him and became a pillar of salt. [§]
va-tabet ishto me'acharav va-tehi natsiv melach.
'va' means 'and', 'tabet' means 'looked', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'me'acharav' means 'from behind him', 'va' means 'and', 'tehi' means 'became', 'natsiv' means 'pillar', 'melach' means 'salt'.
[GEN.19.27] And Abraham rose in the morning to the place where he stood there before Yahveh. [§]
Va-yashkem Avraham ba-boker el ha-makom asher amad sham et-penei Yahveh.
'Va-yashkem' means 'and he rose', 'Avraham' is the personal name Abraham, 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'that/where', 'amad' means 'stood', 'sham' means 'there', 'et-penei' means 'before the face of', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[GEN.19.28] Yahveh looked over the face of Sodom and Gomorrah and over all the face of the land of the kikhar, and he saw, and behold, the smoke of the earth rose like the smoke of a furnace. [§]
Vayashkef al-pnei Sedom ve'Ammorah ve'al kol-pnei eretz ha-kikhar vayyar ve-hineh alah kitor ha-aretz ke-kitor ha-kivshan.
'Vayashkef' means 'and (He) looked', the prefix 'va-' (and) plus the verb 'yashkef' (to look). 'Al-pnei' means 'over the face of'. 'Sedom' and 'Ammorah' are the proper names Sodom and Gomorrah. 'Ve'al' means 'and over'. 'Kol-pnei' means 'all the face of'. 'Eretz' means 'land' or 'country'. 'Ha-kikhar' is a difficult, possibly obscure toponym that likely denotes a specific region; it is rendered here as a literal place‑name. 'Vayyar' means 'and (He) saw'. 'Ve-hineh' means 'and behold' or 'and see'. 'Alah' means 'rose' or 'went up'. 'Kitor ha-aretz' means 'the smoke of the earth/land'. 'Ke-kitor' means 'like the smoke of'. 'Ha-kivshan' means 'the furnace' (literally 'the charcoal‑fire'). The divine name YHVH appears in the original text and is translated as 'Yahveh'.
[GEN.19.29] And it came to pass, when the Gods destroyed the cities of the Kikar, the Gods remembered Abraham, and He sent Lot out from within the destruction, in the overturning of the cities where he had dwelt, Lot. [§]
Vayhi be'sachet Elohim et arei hakikar vayizkor Elohim et Abraham vayshalach et Lot mi-tokh ha-hafekah ba-hapokh et ha'arim asher yashav ba-hein Lot.
'Vayhi' means 'and it came to pass', 'be'sachet' means 'when (he) destroyed', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'arei' means 'cities of', 'hakikar' means 'the Kikar', 'vayizkor' means 'and (He) remembered', 'Abraham' is the personal name, 'vayshalach' means 'and (He) sent', 'Lot' is the personal name, 'mi-tokh' means 'from within', 'ha-hafekah' means 'the overturning' or 'destruction', 'ba-hapokh' means 'in the overturning', 'ha'arim' means 'the cities', 'asher' means 'that', 'yashav' means 'he dwelt', 'ba-hein' means 'in them'.
[GEN.19.30] And Lot went up from the valley and sat on the mountain, and his two daughters were with him because he was afraid to stay in the valley; he sat in the cave, he and his two daughters. [§]
Vayaal Lot mitzzoar vayyeshev ba-har u'shtei benotav immo ki yareh la'shevet betzoar vayyeshev ba-me'arah hu u'shtei benotav.
'Vayaal' means 'and he went up', 'Lot' is the name Lot, 'mitzzoar' means 'from the valley', 'vayyeshev' means 'and he sat', 'ba-har' means 'on the mountain', 'u'shtei' means 'and his two', 'benotav' means 'daughters', 'immo' means 'with him', 'ki' means 'because', 'yareh' means 'was afraid', 'la'shevet' means 'to stay', 'betzoar' means 'in the valley', 'vayyeshev' again 'and he sat', 'ba-me'arah' means 'in the cave', 'hu' means 'he', and the phrase repeats 'and his two daughters'.
[GEN.19.31] And the older (woman) said to the younger, Our father is old and there is no man in the land to come to us by the way of the whole land. [§]
Va'tomer ha'bkira el ha'tse'ira avinu zaken ve'ish eyn ba'aretz lavo aleinu kederekh kol ha'aretz.
'Va'tomer' means 'and said', 'ha'bkira' means 'the older (female)', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'tse'ira' means 'the younger (female)', 'avinu' means 'our father', 'zaken' means 'old', 've'ish' means 'and there is no man', 'eyn' means 'there is not', 'ba'aretz' means 'in the land', 'lavo' means 'to come', 'aleinu' means 'upon us', 'kederekh' means 'by the way', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land'.
[GEN.19.32] Come, let us kiss our father’s wine, and let us lie with him, and we shall revive from our father’s seed. [§]
Lecha nashke et avinu yayin ve nishkeah imo u nchaieh meavinu zarah.
'Lecha' means 'Come', 'nashke' means 'let us kiss', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'avinu' means 'our father', 'yayin' means 'wine', 've' means 'and', 'nishkeah' means 'let us lie (with) or recline', 'imo' means 'with him', 'u' means 'and', 'nchaieh' means 'let us revive' or 'we shall live', 'meavinu' means 'from our father', 'zarah' means 'seed' (offspring).
[GEN.19.33] She gave her father wine at night, and the older woman came and lay down with her father, and he did not know in her lying and in her rising. [§]
vatashekeena et avihen yayin balaila hu vatavo habekhirah vatishekvav et aviyah velo yada bishkavah uvekuma.
'vatashekeena' means 'she gave drink', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'avihen' means 'her father', 'yayin' means 'wine', 'balaila' means 'at night', 'hu' means 'him', 'vatavo' means 'and she came', 'habekhirah' means 'the older woman', 'vatishekvav' means 'and she lay down with', 'et' again accusative, 'aviyah' means 'her father', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yada' means 'knew', 'bishkavah' means 'in her lying', 'uvekuma' means 'and in her rising'.
[GEN.19.34] And it was the next day, and the elder woman said to the younger, Behold, I have lain with my father; I will kiss him with wine also tonight, and come, lie with him, and we will cause our father’s seed to live. [§]
Vayehi mimmacharat vatoamer ha-bekirah el-hatzeirah hen shakhavti emesh et-avi nashkenu yayin gam-hallayla uvoi shikhvi immo unchaye me'avinu zarah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'mimmacharat' means 'the next day', 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'ha-bekirah' means 'the elder woman', 'el' means 'to', 'hatzeirah' means 'the younger woman', 'hen' means 'behold', 'shakhavti' means 'I have lain', 'emesh' means 'with my husband' (or 'with my father' in context), 'et-avi' means 'my father', 'nashkenu' means 'I will kiss him', 'yayin' means 'wine', 'gam' means 'also', 'hallayla' means 'the night', 'uvoi' means 'and come', 'shikhvi' means 'lie down', 'immo' means 'with him', 'unchaye' means 'and we will live', 'me'avinu' means 'from our father', 'zarah' means 'seed'.
[GEN.19.35] And she also gave her father wine that night, and the younger daughter rose up and lay with him, and he did not know while lying with her nor when she arose. [§]
va-tashkeena gam balaila ha-hu et-avi-chen yayin vataqam ha-tse'irah vatishekhav immo velo-yada be-shichbatah uvekumah
'va-tashkeena' means 'and she gave drink', 'gam' means 'also', 'balaila' means 'that night', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'et-avi-chen' means 'her father', 'yayin' means 'wine', 'vataqam' means 'and the younger rose up', 'ha-tse'irah' means 'the younger (daughter)', 'vatishekhav' means 'and she lay with', 'immo' means 'him', 'velo-yada' means 'and he did not know', 'be-shichbatah' means 'while lying with her', 'uvekumah' means 'or when she got up'.
[GEN.19.36] And you cause the two daughters of Lot from their father. [§]
va'taḥerinā šetē bnōṯ‑lōṭ mēʾăbīhēn.
'va' means 'and', 'taḥerinā' is the verb 'you (feminine) cause to be', 'šetē' means 'two', 'bnōṯ‑lōṭ' means 'daughters‑of‑Lot', 'mēʾăbīhēn' means 'from‑their‑father'.
[GEN.19.37] And the older woman bore a son, and she called his name Moab; he is the father of Moab to this day. [§]
vateled habkira ben vatikra shmo Moab hu avi-Moab ad hayom.
'vateled' means 'and she gave birth', 'habkira' means 'the older woman', 'ben' means 'a son', 'vatikra' means 'and she called', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'Moab' is a proper name, 'hu' means 'he is', 'avi-Moab' means 'father of Moab', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the present day'.
[GEN.19.38] And the young woman also gave birth to a son, and she called his name Ben-ami; he is the father of the sons of Ammon to this day. [§]
veha tzeirah gam hi yalda ben vatikra shmo ben ami hu avi bnei amon ad hayom
'veha' means 'and the', 'tzeirah' means 'young woman', 'gam' means 'also', 'hi' means 'she', 'yalda' means 'gave birth', 'ben' means 'son', 'va' means 'and', 'tikra' means 'called', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'ben ami' means 'son of my people', 'hu' means 'he', 'avi' means 'father of', 'bnei' means 'sons of', 'amon' means 'Ammon', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'today'.
GEN.20
[GEN.20.1] And Abram journeyed from there to the land of the south, and he dwelt between Kadesh and Shur, and he sojourned in the land. [§]
Vayissa misham Avraham erets hanegev vayeshav bein Kadesh uvein Shur vayagar big'rar.
'Vayissa' means 'and he journeyed', 'misham' means 'from there', 'Avraham' is the personal name Abraham, 'erets' means 'land', 'hanegev' means 'the south', 'vayeshav' means 'and he dwelt', 'bein' means 'between', 'Kadesh' is a place name, 'uvein' means 'and between', 'Shur' is a place name, 'vayagar' means 'and he sojourned', 'big'rar' means 'in the land'.
[GEN.20.2] And Abraham said to Sarah his wife, 'She is my sister.' And Abimelech king of Gerar sent and took Sarah. [§]
Vayomer Avraham el Sarah ishto achoti hi vayishlach Avimelekh melech Gerar vayikach et Sarah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'el' means 'to', 'Sarah' is the name Sarah, 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'achoti' means 'my sister', 'hi' means 'she is', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Avimelekh' is the name Abimelech, 'melech' means 'king', 'Gerar' is the place Gerar, 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Sarah' is the name Sarah.
[GEN.20.3] And the Gods came to Avimelech in a dream of the night and said to him, Behold, you are dead because of the woman you have taken, and she is in the husband's burden. [§]
Vayavo Elohim el-Avimelech ba-chalom ha-layla vayomer lo hinnekha met al ha-isha asher-lakachta ve-hi be-ulat ba'al.
'Vayavo' means 'and came', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el-Avimelech' means 'to Avimelech', 'ba-chalom' means 'in a dream', 'ha-layla' means 'the night', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'hinnekha' means 'behold you' or 'you are', 'met' means 'dead', 'al' means 'over' or 'because of', 'ha-isha' means 'the woman', 'asher-lakachta' means 'whom you took', 've-hi' means 'and she', 'be-ulat' means 'in the burden', 'ba'al' means 'of the husband'.
[GEN.20.4] And Abimelech did not approach her, and he said, "My Lord, will you also kill a righteous nation?" [§]
vaavimelech lo karav eleha vayomar Adonai haggoy gam-tzadik taharog.
"vaavimelech" means "and Abimelech", "lo" means "not", "karav" means "approached", "eleha" means "to her", "vayomar" means "and he said", "Adonai" means "my Lord", "haggoy" means "the nation", "gam-tzadik" means "also a righteous (one)", "taharog" means "you will kill".
[GEN.20.5] Is it not that he said to me, My sister, she, and she also said, My brother, he, with a pure heart and a pure hand I have done this. [§]
Halo hu amar li achoti hi vehi gam hi amra achi hu betam levavi uveniyyon kappai asiti zot.
'Halo' means 'Is it not', 'hu' means 'he', 'amar' means 'said', 'li' means 'to me', 'achoti' means 'my sister', 'hi' means 'she', 'vehi' means 'and she', 'gam' means 'also', 'hu' means 'he', 'amra' means 'she said', 'achi' means 'my brother', 'betam' means 'pure', 'levavi' means 'my heart', 'uveniyyon' means 'and pure', 'kappai' means 'my hand', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'zot' means 'this'.
[GEN.20.6] And he said to him, the Gods in a dream also I knew that indeed in your heart you made this and I also withheld you from sin against me; therefore I did not give you to touch her. [§]
vayomer elav haelohim bachalom gam anochi yadati ki betam levavkha asita zot va'echsokh gam-anokhi otkha mechatol li al-ken lo netatikha lingoa eleha.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods', 'bachalom' means 'in a dream', 'gam' means 'also', 'anochi' means 'I', 'yadati' means 'knew', 'ki' means 'that', 'betam' means 'indeed', 'levavkha' means 'your heart', 'asita' means 'you made', 'zot' means 'this', 'va'echsokh' means 'and I withheld', 'gam-anokhi' means 'also I', 'otkha' means 'you', 'mechatol' means 'from sin', 'li' means 'against me', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'lo' means 'not', 'netatikha' means 'I gave you', 'lingoa' means 'to touch', 'eleha' means 'her'.
[GEN.20.7] And now return the man's wife, for he is a prophet, and he will pray on your behalf and live, and if you are not a returner, know that death you will die and all that is yours. [§]
ve'atta hashiv eshet-ha'ish ki navi hu ve'yitpalel ba'adcha vechye ve'im eincha meshib da ki mot tamut attah ve'khol asher lach.
've'atta' means 'and now', 'hashiv' means 'return' or 'turn', 'eshet' means 'wife', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', together 'eshet-ha'ish' means 'the man's wife', 'ki' means 'for', 'navi' means 'prophet', 'hu' means 'he', 've'yitpalel' means 'and he will pray', 'ba'adcha' means 'on your behalf', 'vechye' means 'and live', 've'im' means 'and if', 'eincha' means 'you are not', 'meshib' means 'returner' or 'one who brings back', 'da' means 'know', 'ki' means 'that', 'mot' means 'death', 'tamut' means 'you will die', 'attah' means 'you', 've'khol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lach' means 'belongs to you'.
[GEN.20.8] And Abimelech rose early in the morning, called all his servants, and spoke all these words into their ears, and the men were very afraid. [§]
vayashekem Avimelech baboker vayikra lekhol avadav vayedaber etkol hadvarim haele beoznehem vayiru haanashim meod.
'vayashekem' means 'and he rose early', 'Avimelech' is a personal name, 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'lekhol' means 'to all', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'vayedaber' means 'and he spoke', 'etkol' means 'all', 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'haele' means 'these', 'beoznehem' means 'in their ears', 'vayiru' means 'and they feared', 'haanashim' means 'the men', 'meod' means 'greatly' or 'very'.
[GEN.20.9] And Abimelech called Abraham and said to him, 'What have you done to us and what sin have I committed against you, because you have brought upon me and upon my kingdom a great sin, works that are not to be done, you have done with me.' [§]
Vayikra Avimelek leAvraham vayomer lo meh-asita lanu u-meh-chata-ti lekhi ki-heyvet alai ve-al-mamlakhti chatat gedolah maasim asher lo-yeasu asita imadi.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'Avimelek' means 'Abimelech', 'leAvraham' means 'to Abraham', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'meh-asita' means 'what have you done', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'u-meh-chata-ti' means 'and what sin have I (the speaker) committed', 'lekhi' means 'against you', 'ki' means 'because', 'heyvet' means 'you have brought', 'alai' means 'upon me', 've-al' means 'and upon', 'mamlakhti' means 'my kingdom', 'chatat' means 'sin', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'maasim' means 'works', 'asher' means 'that', 'lo-yeasu' means 'are not to be done', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'imadi' means 'with me'.
[GEN.20.10] And Abimelech said to Abraham, What have you seen that you have done this thing. [§]
Va-yomer Avimelekh el Avram ma ra'ita ki asita et-hadavar hazeh.
'Va-yomer' means 'and said', 'Avimelekh' is the name 'Abimelech', 'el' means 'to', 'Avram' means 'Abraham', 'ma' means 'what', 'ra'ita' means 'have you seen', 'ki' means 'that/because', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hadavar' means 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[GEN.20.11] And Abraham said, for I have said only that there is no fear of the Gods in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife. [§]
Vayomer Avraham ki amarti rak ein yirat Elohim bamakom hazeh vaharaguni al dvar ishti.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'amarti' means 'I have said', 'rak' means 'only', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'yirat' means 'fear of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'bamacom' means 'in this place', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vaharaguni' means 'and they will kill me', 'al' means 'because of', 'dvar' means 'the matter of', 'ishti' means 'my wife'.
[GEN.20.12] And also Amna, my sister, the daughter of my father, she is only not the daughter of my mother, and she became to me a wife. [§]
vegam amnah achoti bat-abi hi ach lo bat-imi vatehi-li leisha.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'amnah' is a proper name, 'achoti' means 'my sister', 'bat-abi' means 'daughter of my father', 'hi' means 'she', 'ach' means 'only', 'lo' means 'not', 'bat-imi' means 'daughter of my mother', 'vatehi-li' means 'and she became to me', 'leisha' means 'a wife'.
[GEN.20.13] And it was as when they went to me the Gods from my father's house, and I said to her, This is your kindness that you will do with me to all the place that we will go there, say to me my brother, he. [§]
Vayehi ka'asher hit'u oti Elohim mibbeit avi va'omar lah zeh chasdekh asher ta'asi imadi el kol-hamakom asher navoa shamma imri-li achi hu.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'hit'u' means 'they went' or 'they turned', 'oti' means 'to me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal plural of God), 'mibbeit' means 'from the house of', 'avi' means 'my father', 'va'omar' means 'and I said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'zeh' means 'this', 'chasdekh' means 'your kindness' or 'your mercy', 'asher' means 'that which', 'ta'asi' means 'you will do', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'kol' means 'all', 'hamakom' means 'the place', 'asher' again means 'that', 'navoa' means 'we will go' or 'we shall travel', 'shamma' means 'there', 'imri-li' means 'say to me', 'achi' means 'my brother', 'hu' means 'he' or 'it'. The key name 'Elohim' is rendered as 'the Gods' following the literal translation rule.
[GEN.20.14] And Abimelech took flocks and cattle and servants and wives, and he gave them to Abraham and returned to him Sarah his wife. [§]
Vayikach Avimelekh tzon u'vakar va'avadim u'shefachot vayiten le'Avraham vayavesh lo et Sarah ishto.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Avimelekh' is the personal name Abimelech, 'tzon' means 'flocks', 'u'vakar' means 'and cattle', 'va'avadim' means 'and servants', 'u'shefachot' means 'and wives', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'le'Avraham' means 'to Abraham', 'vayavesh' means 'and he returned', 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Sarah' is the personal name Sarah, 'ishto' means 'his wife'.
[GEN.20.15] And Avimelech said, Behold, my land is before you; may it be good in your eyes; stay. [§]
Vayomer Avimelech hine artsi lefanekha battov beinecha shev.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avimelech' is a personal name, 'hine' means 'behold' or 'look', 'artsi' means 'my land' or 'my earth', 'lefanekha' means 'before you' or 'in front of you', 'battov' means 'good' or 'well', 'beinecha' means 'in your eyes', 'shev' means 'sit' or 'stay'.
[GEN.20.16] And to Sarah he said, Behold, I have given a thousand pieces of silver to your brother; behold, it is yours as a covering for your eyes for all that is with you, and also for all that is yours. [§]
Ulesarah amar hinneh natati elef kesef le'achich hinneh hu-lakh kesut einayim lekhol asher ittakh ve'et kol venokhachat.
'Ulesarah' means 'and to Sarah', 'amar' means 'said', 'hinneh' means 'behold', 'natati' means 'I have given', 'elef' means 'a thousand', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'le'achich' means 'to your brother', the second 'hinneh' repeats 'behold', 'hu-lakh' means 'it is yours', 'kesut' means 'covering', 'einayim' means 'eyes', 'lekhol' means 'for all', 'asher' means 'that', 'ittakh' means 'is with you', 've'et' means 'and also', 'kol' means 'all', 'venokhachat' means 'that is proper or belonging'.
[GEN.20.17] And Abraham prayed to the God, and the Gods healed Abimelech and his wife and his maidservants, and they bore. [§]
Vayitpalel Avraham el-haElohim vayirpa Elohim et-Avimelekh ve'et ishto ve'amahotav vayeledu.
'Vayitpalel' means 'and he prayed', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'el-haElohim' means 'to the God', 'vayirpa' means 'and healed', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'et-Avimelekh' means 'Abimelech', 've'et ishto' means 'and his wife', 've'amahotav' means 'and his maidservants', 'vayeledu' means 'and they bore (a child)'.
[GEN.20.18] Because the LORD restrained on behalf of all wombs to the house of Abimelech concerning Sarah, the wife of Abraham. [§]
ki atzor atar Yahveh be'ad kol rechem le'veit Avimelech al-devar Sarah eshet Avraham.
'Ki' means 'because', 'atzor' means 'to restrain' or 'to stop', 'atar' is the same root meaning 'to restrain', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'be'ad' means 'on behalf of' or 'for', 'kol' means 'all', 'rechem' means 'womb' or 'pregnancy', 'le'veit' means 'to the house of', 'Avimelech' is a personal name, 'al-devar' means 'concerning' or 'because of the matter of', 'Sarah' is a personal name, 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Avraham' is a personal name.
GEN.21
[GEN.21.1] And Yahveh visited Sarah as he had said, and Yahveh did to Sarah as he had spoken. [§]
Vay Yahveh pakad et Sarah ka'asher amar vayya'as Yahveh leSarah ka'asher diber.
'Vay' means 'and', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'pakad' means 'visited' or 'appointed', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Sarah' is the name Sarah, 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'like', 'amar' means 'he said', 'vayya'as' means 'and he did', 'leSarah' means 'to Sarah', and 'diber' means 'he spoke' or 'he said'.
[GEN.21.2] And she conceived and she gave birth, Sarah to Abraham, a son in his old age, at the appointed time which the Gods had spoken of. [§]
vatahar vateled Sarah leAvraham ben lizkunav lamoked asher dibber oto Elohim.
'vatahar' means 'and she conceived', 'vateled' means 'and she gave birth', 'Sarah' is the name Sarah, 'leAvraham' means 'to Abraham', 'ben' means 'a son', 'lizkunav' means 'in his old age', 'lamoked' means 'at the appointed time', 'asher' means 'which', 'dibber' means 'spoke', 'oto' means 'about it', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[GEN.21.3] And Abraham called the name of his son, the one who was born to him by Sarah, Isaac. [§]
Vayikra Avraham et-shem beno ha-nolad-lo asher yaldah-lo Sarah Yitzchak.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'shem' means 'name', 'beno' means 'his son', 'ha-nolad-lo' means 'the one born to him', 'asher' means 'who', 'yaldah-lo' means 'was born to him', 'Sarah' is the proper name Sarah, 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac'.
[GEN.21.4] And Abraham gave Isaac his son, a son of eight days, as the Gods commanded him. [§]
Vayyamal Avraham et Yitzchak beno ben shmonat yamim ka'asher tzivah oto Elohim.
'Vayyamal' means 'and gave', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'beno' means 'his son', 'ben' means 'son', 'shmonat' means 'of eight', 'yamim' means 'days' (together 'a son of eight days'), 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', 'oto' means 'him', and 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[GEN.21.5] And Abraham was a hundred years old when his son Isaac was born. [§]
veAvraham ben-meat shana bihivaled lo et Yitzhak beno.
'veAvraham' means 'and Abraham', 'ben-meat' means 'son of a hundred' i.e., 'one hundred years old', 'shana' means 'year', 'bihivaled' means 'when (he) was born/when (it) came into being', 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yitzhak' is the name Isaac, and 'beno' means 'his son'.
[GEN.21.6] And Sarah said, 'the Gods have made me laugh; everyone who hears will laugh with me.' [§]
Vatomer Sarah tzehok asa li Elohim kol hashomea yitzchak-li.
'Vatomer' means 'and said', 'Sarah' is the name Sarah, 'tzehok' means 'will laugh', 'asa' means 'made', 'li' means 'to me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'kol' means 'all' or 'everyone', 'hashomea' means 'who hears', 'yitzchak' means 'will laugh', 'li' means 'with me' or 'to me'.
[GEN.21.7] And she said, Who will mock Abraham? Let us have children, Sarah, for I have given birth to a son in his old age. [§]
Vato'amer mi mil'el leAvraham heynika vanim Sarah ki yaldti ben lezekunav.
'Vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'mi' means 'who', 'mil\'el' means 'will mock' or 'will ridicule', 'leAvraham' means 'to Abraham', 'heynika' means 'shall we have' or 'let us have', 'vanim' means 'children', 'Sarah' is the name Sarah, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'yaldti' means 'I have given birth', 'ben' means 'a son', 'lezekunav' means 'in his old age'.
[GEN.21.8] And the boy grew, and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast on the day he weaned Isaac. [§]
Vayyigdal hayeled vayigamal vayyaas avraham mishteh gadol beyom higamel et yitschak.
'Vayyigdal' means 'and grew', 'hayeled' means 'the boy', 'vayigamal' means 'and was weaned', 'vayyaas' means 'and made', 'avraham' means 'Abraham', 'mishteh' means 'a feast', 'gadol' means 'great', 'beyom' means 'on the day', 'higamel' means 'he weaned', 'et' is the accusative marker (no translation), 'yitschak' means 'Isaac'.
[GEN.21.9] And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, who she had borne to Abraham, laughing. [§]
vattere Sarah et ben Hagar ha-mitzrit asher yaldah leAvraham metsachek.
'vattere' means 'and she saw', 'Sarah' is a proper name, 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'ben' means 'son', 'Hagar' is a proper name, 'ha-mitzrit' means 'the Egyptian', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'yaldah' means 'she bore', 'leAvraham' means 'to Abraham', 'metsachek' means 'laughing' or 'mocking'.
[GEN.21.10] And she said to Abraham, 'Drive out this slave woman and her son, because the son of this slave woman shall not inherit with my son, with Isaac.' [§]
Vatoamer leAvraham garesh haama hazot ve'et-benah ki lo yirash ben-haama hazot im-beni im Yitzhak.
'Vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'leAvraham' means 'to Abraham', 'garesh' means 'drive out', 'haama' means 'the slave woman', 'hazot' means 'this', 've'et-benah' means 'and her son', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yirash' means 'shall inherit', 'ben-haama' means 'the son of the slave woman', 'hazot' repeats 'this', 'im-beni' means 'with my son', 'im' means 'with', 'Yitzhak' means 'Isaac'.
[GEN.21.11] And the matter was very bad in Abraham's eyes because of the signs of his son. [§]
Vayera ha-davar meod be'enei Avraham al odot beno.
'Vayera' means 'and it was bad' or 'and it turned evil', 'ha-davar' means 'the thing' or 'the matter', 'meod' means 'very', 'be'enei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Avraham' is the proper name Abraham, 'al' means 'because of' or 'over', 'odot' means 'signs' (plural of 'od' meaning sign or miracle), 'beno' means 'his son'.
[GEN.21.12] And the Gods said to Abraham, 'Do not be dismayed in your eyes about the boy and about your wife; everything that Sarah says to you, listen to her voice, for in Isaac shall be called to you seed (offspring).' [§]
Vayomer Elohim el Avraham al yerah be'einecha al ha na'ar ve'al amatekha kol asher tomar eleykha Sarah shma beqolah ki beYitzchak yikarei lecha zara.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el' means 'to', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'al' means 'do not', 'yerah' means 'be dismayed', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'al' (again) means 'about', 'ha' means 'the', 'na'ar' means 'boy', 've'al' means 'and about', 'amatekha' means 'your wife', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'tomar' means 'you shall say', 'eleykha' means 'to you', 'Sarah' means 'Sarah', 'shma' means 'listen', 'beqolah' means 'her voice', 'ki' means 'for', 'beYitzchak' means 'in Isaac', 'yikarei' means 'shall be called', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'zara' means 'seed' or 'offspring'.
[GEN.21.13] Also the son of the people I will set for a nation, for he is your seed. [§]
vegam et ben haama legoi asimennu ki zaracha hu.
'vegam' means 'also', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ben' means 'son', 'haama' means 'the people', 'legoi' means 'to a nation', 'asimennu' means 'I will set him', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'zaracha' means 'your seed' or 'your offspring', 'hu' means 'he' or 'it'.
[GEN.21.14] And Abraham rose early in the morning, took bread and a skin of water, gave them to Hagar, placed them on her shoulder, and gave the child to her; she went and strayed in the wilderness at the well of seven. [§]
Vayashkem Avraham baboker vayikka lechem vechemat mayim vayiten el-hagar sam al-shikmah ve-et-hayeled vayshalcheha vatelekh vateita bmidbar beershava.
'Vayashkem' means 'and he rose', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'baboker' means 'early in the morning', 'vayikka' means 'and he took', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'vechemat' means 'and a skin', 'mayim' means 'of water', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'el-hagar' means 'to Hagar', 'sam' means 'he placed', 'al-shikmah' means 'on her shoulder', 've-et-hayeled' means 'and the child', 'vayshalcheha' means 'he sent her away', 'vatelekh' means 'she went', 'vateita' means 'and she strayed', 'bmidbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'beershava' means 'at the well of seven'.
[GEN.21.15] When the waters ceased from the heat, she threw the child under one of the reeds. [§]
Vayichlu hamayim min ha-chemaht vatashelekh et hayeled tachat akhad hashichim.
'Vayichlu' means 'and they were finished' or 'they ceased', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-chemaht' means 'the heat', 'vatashelekh' means 'and she threw', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object (not translated), 'hayed' means 'the child', 'tachat' means 'under', 'akhad' means 'one', 'hashichim' means 'the reeds' (plural of reed).
[GEN.21.16] And she went and sat opposite the distant one, like the covering of a kite, because she said, 'I will not see the child's death.' And she sat opposite, raised her voice, and wept. [§]
vatelech vateshev lah minneged harchek kimtachavei keshet ki amrah al er'eh be-mot hayeled vateshev minneged vatis'sa et-kolah vatevekh
'vatelech' means 'and she went', 'vateshev' means 'and she sat', 'lah' means 'for her' or 'to her', 'minneged' means 'opposite' or 'in front of', 'harchek' means 'the distant' or 'far away', 'kimtachavei' means 'like the covering of', 'keshet' means 'a kite' or 'a bow', 'ki' means 'because', 'amrah' means 'she said', 'al er'eh' means 'I will not see', 'be-mot' means 'the death', 'hayeled' means 'of the child', 'vatis'sa' means 'and she raised', 'et-kolah' means 'her voice', 'vatevekh' means 'and she wept'.
[GEN.21.17] And the Gods heard the voice of the boy and called the angel of the Gods to Hagar from the heavens, and said to her, 'What are you doing, Hagar? Do not be afraid, for the Gods heard the voice of the boy in the place where he is.' [§]
Vayyishma Elohim et-qol ha-na'ar vayyikra mal'ach Elohim el-Hagar min-hashamayim vayomer lah mah-lakh Hagar al-tiri ki-shama Elohim et-qol ha-na'ar ba'asher hu-sham.
'Vayyishma' means 'and heard', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et-qol' means 'the voice of', 'ha-na'ar' means 'the boy', 'vayyikra' means 'and called', 'mal'ach' means 'angel', 'el-Hagar' means 'to Hagar', 'min-hashamayim' means 'from the heavens', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'mah-lakh' means 'what are you doing', 'Hagar' is a proper name, 'al-tiri' means 'do not be afraid', 'ki-shama' means 'for heard', and 'ba'asher hu-sham' means 'in the place where he is'.
[GEN.21.18] Rise, lift the youth and hold your hand on him, for I will set him for a great nation. [§]
Kumi sai et-hana'ar ve-hachazi et-yadekh bo ki-legoy gadol ashimenu.
'Kumi' means 'rise' (imperative feminine), 'sai' means 'lift' (imperative feminine), 'et-hana'ar' means 'the youth' (object marker plus noun), 've-hachazi' means 'and hold' (imperative feminine), 'et-yadekh' means 'your hand' (object marker plus possessive noun), 'bo' means 'upon him' or 'in him', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'le-goy' means 'to a nation', 'gadol' means 'great', 'ashimenu' means 'I will set him' or 'I will appoint him'.
[GEN.21.19] And the Gods opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water; and she went and filled the copper with water, and she gave drink to the boy. [§]
Vayippkach Elohim et-enah vatera be-er mayim vatelech vatmalle et-hachemet mayim vatashek et-hanaar.
'Vayippkach' means 'and he opened', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et-enah' means 'her eyes' (the word 'et' is an accusative marker and is not rendered in English), 'vatera' means 'and she saw', 'be-er' means 'in a well', 'mayim' means 'water', 'vatelech' means 'and she went', 'vatmalle' means 'and she filled', 'et-hachemet' means 'the copper (vessel)', 'mayim' means 'water', 'vatashek' means 'and she gave drink to', 'et-hanaar' means 'the boy'.
[GEN.21.20] And it was the Gods the boy, and he grew, and he dwelt in the desert, and there were many thorns. [§]
Vayehi Elohim et-hanaar vayigdal vayeshev ba-middbar vayehi rove kashat.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it happened', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural name of God), 'et-hanaar' means 'the boy' (the direct‑object marker 'et' is included for literal rendering), 'vayigdal' means 'and he grew' or 'and he became great', 'vayeshev' means 'and he dwelt' or 'and he lived', 'ba-middbar' means 'in the desert', 'vayehi' again means 'and it was', 'rove' means 'many' or 'great', and 'kashat' means 'thorns'.
[GEN.21.21] He dwelt in the wilderness of Paran, and his mother took a wife for him from the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayyeshev be-midbar Paran vatikah-lo imo isha me-eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayyeshev' means 'and he dwelt', 'be-midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'Paran' is a place name, 'vatikah' means 'and (she) took', '-lo' means 'for him', 'imo' means 'his mother', 'isha' means 'a woman' (wife), 'me-eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.21.22] And it happened at that time, and Avimelech and Phicol his commander said to Abraham, "The Gods are with you in all that you do." [§]
Vayehi ba'et hahi vayomer Avimelech uPhicol sar-tzeva'o el-Avraham leimor Elohim imkha b'chol asher-atah oseh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ba'et' means 'at the time', 'hahi' means 'that', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Avimelech' is a proper name (king of Gerar), 'uPhicol' means 'and Phicol' (the commander of his army), 'sar-tzeva'o' means 'commander of his army', 'el-Avraham' means 'to Abraham', 'leimor' means 'saying' (introducing a quotation), 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal plural form of the divine name), 'imkha' means 'with you', 'b'chol' means 'in all', 'asher-atah' means 'that you', and 'oseh' means 'do' or 'are doing'. The translation follows the rule that the divine name Elohim is rendered as the literal English phrase "the Gods" rather than the more common singular "God".
[GEN.21.23] Now swear to me by the Gods, here, if you will lie to me and to my ... and to my ... as the kindness that I have shown you, do the same with me and with the land that you have dwelt in. [§]
ve'attah hishava li beElohim henna im-tishkor li ulenini ulenekhdhi kahesed asher asiti imkha ta'aseh imadi ve'im haaretz asher garta bah.
've'attah' means 'now', 'hishava' means 'swear', 'li' means 'to me', 'beElohim' means 'by the Gods', 'henna' means 'here' or 'this', 'im-tishkor' means 'if you will lie', 'li' again means 'to me', 'ulenini' means 'and to my (unknown term)', 'ulenekhdhi' means 'and to my (unknown term)', 'kahesed' means 'as the kindness', 'asher' means 'that', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'imkha' means 'with you', 'ta'aseh' means 'you will do', 'imadi' means 'with me', 've'im' means 'and with', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' again means 'that', 'garta' means 'you dwelt', 'bah' means 'in it'.
[GEN.21.24] And Abram said, I am weary. [§]
Vayomer Avraham anokhi ishavea.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avraham' is the personal name Abram, 'anokhi' means 'I', and 'ishavea' means 'am weary' or 'I am exhausted'.
[GEN.21.25] And Abraham rebuked Avimelech concerning the waters of the well that the servants of Avimelech had taken. [§]
vehokhich Avraham et Avimelekh al odot be'er ha-mayim asher gazlu avdei Avimelekh.
'vehokhich' means 'and he rebuked', 'Avraham' is the proper name Abraham, 'et' is the Hebrew direct‑object particle (usually not rendered in English), 'Avimelekh' is the proper name Avimelech, 'al' means 'about' or 'concerning', 'odot' means 'waters' or 'springs', 'be'er' means 'well', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters', together 'be'er ha-mayim' is 'the well of the waters', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'gazlu' means 'they took' or 'they seized', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', and the final 'Avimelekh' repeats the name Avimelech. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name of God is required.
[GEN.21.26] And Abimelech said, I do not know who did this thing, and you also did not tell me, and I also have not heard of it until today. [§]
Va-yomer Avimelekh lo yadayti mi asah et-hadavar hazeh vegam-atah lo-higadt li vegam anochi lo shama'ti bilti hayom.
'Va-yomer' means 'and said', 'Avimelekh' is the personal name 'Abimelech', 'lo' means 'not', 'yadayti' means 'I knew' (used here as 'I do not know'), 'mi' means 'who', 'asah' means 'did', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hadavar' means 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'atah' means 'you', 'lo-higadt' means 'did not tell', 'li' means 'to me', 'anochi' means 'I', 'shama'ti' means 'have heard', 'bilti' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day' or 'today'.
[GEN.21.27] And Abraham took flocks and cattle, and gave them to Abimelech, and they made a covenant between them. [§]
Va-yikach Avraham tzon u-vakar va-yiten la-Avimelech va-yikret shneihem berit.
'Va-yikach' means 'and he took', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'tzon' means 'flock' or 'sheep', 'u-vakar' means 'and cattle', 'va-yiten' means 'and he gave', 'la-Avimelech' means 'to Abimelech', 'va-yikret' means 'and they made' (a covenant), 'shneihem' means 'their two (parties)', 'berit' means 'covenant'.
[GEN.21.28] And Abraham set aside seven flocks of the flock alone. [§]
Vayyitzav Abraham et-sheva kibshot hatzon levaddhen.
'Vayyitzav' means 'and he set' (a verb in the narrative), 'Abraham' is the proper name of the patriarch, 'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object and has no English equivalent, 'sheva' means 'seven', 'kibshot' is the plural form of a word meaning 'flocks' or 'herds', 'hatzon' means 'the flock' (the overall group of sheep), and 'levaddhen' means 'alone' or 'by itself', indicating that these flocks were kept separate.
[GEN.21.29] And Abimelech said to Abraham, "What are these seven lambs which you have set aside for yourself?" [§]
Vayomer Avimelekh el-Avraham ma hena sheva kevasot haelleh asher hitsavta levaddan.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Avimelekh' is the name 'Abimelech', 'el-Avraham' means 'to Abraham', 'ma' means 'what', 'hena' means 'are these', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'kevasot' means 'young lambs', 'haelleh' means 'these', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hitsavta' means 'you set aside', 'levaddan' means 'for yourself/alone'.
[GEN.21.30] And he said, you will take seven lambs from my hand so that you will be a witness for me because I have dug this well. [§]
Vayomer ki et sheva kevasot tikach miadi ba'avur tihyeh li le'eda ki hapharti et ha'be'er hazot.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'sheva' means 'seven', 'kevasot' means 'lambs', 'tikach' means 'you will take', 'miadi' means 'from my hand', 'ba'avur' means 'for the purpose', 'tihyeh li' means 'you will be to me', 'le'eda' means 'as a witness', 'ki' again means 'because', 'hapharti' means 'I have dug', 'et' again the direct‑object marker, 'ha'be'er' means 'the well', 'hazot' means 'this'.
[GEN.21.31] Therefore he called that place Well of Seven because there they swore an oath together. [§]
Al-ken kara la-makom ha-hu be'er sheva ki sham nishbeu shnehem.
'Al-ken' means 'therefore', 'kara' means 'he called', 'la-makom' means 'to the place', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'be\'er' means 'well', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'ki' means 'because', 'sham' means 'there', 'nishbeu' means 'they swore', 'shnehem' means 'the two of them'.
[GEN.21.32] And they made a covenant at the well of Shaveh, and Abimelech and Phichol the commander of his army rose, and they returned to the land of the Philistines. [§]
vayikhrtu berit bibir shaveh vayakam avimelekh uphichol sar-tzevo vayashuvu el-eretz pelishtim.
'vayikhrtu' means 'and they made a covenant', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'bibir' means 'at the well', 'shaveh' is the place name 'Shaveh', 'vayakam' means 'and rose', 'avimelekh' is the personal name 'Abimelech', 'uphichol' means 'and Phichol', 'sar-tzevo' means 'commander of his army', 'vayashuvu' means 'and they returned', 'el-eretz' means 'to the land', and 'pelishtim' means 'the Philistines'.
[GEN.21.33] And he planted Eshel in the well of Shav'a and he called that place by the name Yahveh God Everlasting. [§]
Vayitta eshel bib'er Shav'a vayikra sham beshem Yahveh El Olam.
'Vayitta' means 'and he planted', 'eshel' is a proper name (or a type of plant), 'bib\'er' means 'in the well', 'Shav'a' is the name of the well, 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'sham' means 'that place', 'beshem' means 'by the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'El' means 'God', and 'Olam' means 'everlasting' or 'eternal'.
[GEN.21.34] Abram sojourned in the land of the Philistines many days. [§]
Vayagar Avraham be'eretz Philistim yamim rabbim.
'Vayagar' means 'and (he) sojourned', 'Avraham' is the personal name Abram, 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'yamim' means 'days', 'rabbim' means 'many'.
GEN.22
[GEN.22.1] And it was after these things that the Gods tested Abraham, and he said to him, Abraham, and he said, Behold, I am here. [§]
Vayehi achar hadvarim ha'ele v'HaElohim nissa et-Avraham vayomer elav Avraham vayomer hineni.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'achar' means 'after', 'hadvarim ha'ele' means 'these things', 'v'HaElohim' means 'and the Gods' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods'), 'nissa' means 'tested', 'et-Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'elav' means 'to him', the second 'Avraham' is a proper name repeated in speech, 'vayomer' again means 'and said', and 'hineni' means 'behold, I am here'.
[GEN.22.2] And he said, Take now your son, your only son whom you love, Isaac, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains which I will tell you. [§]
Vayomer kach na et-bincha et-yechidcha asher ahavta et-Yitzchak velech lecha el eretz ha-Moriyah veha'alehu sham le'ola al achad heharim asher omer elicha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'kach' means 'take', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'now' or 'please', 'et' is the accusative marker (no translation), 'bincha' means 'your son', 'yechidcha' means 'your only', 'asher' means 'that' or 'whom', 'ahavta' means 'you loved', 'Yitzchak' is the proper name 'Isaac', 'velech' means 'and go', 'lecha' means 'for yourself' or 'to you', 'el' means 'to', 'eretz' means 'land', 'ha-Moriyah' means 'the Moriah', 'veha'alehu' means 'and offer him', 'sham' means 'there', 'le'ola' means 'as a burnt offering', 'al' means 'on', 'achad' means 'one', 'heharim' means 'the mountains', 'asher' means 'which', 'omer' means 'I will say' or 'I will tell', 'elicha' means 'to you'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name of God is required.
[GEN.22.3] And Abraham rose early in the morning, and he hid his donkey, and he took his two servants with him, and Isaac his son, and he cut the wood of the offering, and he rose and went to the place which the God said to him. [§]
Vayashkem Avraham baboker vayachabosh et-chamor vayikach et-shnei ne'arav ito ve'et Yitzchak beno vayevakea etzey ola vayakam vayelekh el-hamakom asher amar-lo haElohim.
'Vayashkem' means 'and he rose early', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vayachabosh' means 'and he hid', 'et-chamor' means 'his donkey', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'et-shnei' means 'the two', 'ne'arav' means 'servants', 'ito' means 'with him', 've'et' means 'and', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'beno' means 'his son', 'vayevakea' means 'and he cut', 'etzey' means 'the wood', 'ola' means 'of the offering', 'vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'el-hamakom' means 'to the place', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'amar-lo' means 'he said to him', 'haElohim' means 'the God' (translated as "the God").
[GEN.22.4] On the third day Abraham lifted his eyes and saw the place from afar. [§]
Ba yom hashlishi vayisa Avraham et eenav vayar et hamakom merachok.
'Ba' means 'in/on', 'yom' means 'day', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 'vayisa' means 'and he lifted', 'Avraham' is the name 'Abraham', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'eenav' means 'his eyes', 'vayar' means 'and he saw', 'et' again marks the object, 'hamakom' means 'the place', 'merachok' means 'from afar'.
[GEN.22.5] And Abraham said to his young men, 'Sit here with the donkey, and I and the young man will go to that place, and we will worship and return to you.' [§]
Vayomer Avraham el-ne'arav shevu-lakhem po im-hachamor ve-ani ve-hana'ar nelekha ad ko ve-nishtachave ve-nashuvah aleichem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'el-ne'arav' means 'to his young men', 'shevu-lakhem' means 'sit down for yourselves', 'po' means 'here', 'im-hachamor' means 'with the donkey', 've-ani' means 'and I', 've-hana'ar' means 'and the young man', 'nelekha' means 'we will go', 'ad ko' means 'to this place', 've-nishtachave' means 'and we will worship', 've-nashuvah' means 'and we will return', 'aleichem' means 'to you'.
[GEN.22.6] And Abraham took the sticks of the offering and placed them on his son Isaac, and he took in his hand the fire and the meal, and the two of them went together. [§]
Vayikach Avraham et-Atzei ha-olah vayashem al-Yitzchak beno vayikach be-yado et-has eish ve-et-hamaachelet vayelechu shneihhem yachdav.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'et' is the direct object marker (not rendered in English), 'Atzei' means 'sticks', 'ha-olah' means 'the offering', 'vayashem' means 'and he placed (it)', 'al' means 'on', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'beno' means 'his son', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'be-yado' means 'in his hand', 'et' again is the direct object marker, 'ha-s eish' means 'the fire', 've-et' means 'and the', 'ha-maachelet' means 'the meal', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'shneihhem' means 'both of them', 'yachdav' means 'together'.
[GEN.22.7] And Isaac said to Abraham his father, 'My father,' and he said, 'Behold, I am your son,' and he said, 'Behold the fire and the wood, and where is the ram for the burnt offering?' [§]
Vayomer Yitzchak el-Avraham aviv, vayomer Avi, vayomer hinenni beni, vayomer hineh ha-esh ve-ha-etzim ve'ayei ha-seh le'olah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yitzchak' is the name Isaac, 'el-Avraham' means 'to Abraham', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'Avi' means 'my father', 'hinenni' means 'behold, I am', 'beni' means 'your son', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ha-esh' means 'the fire', 've-ha-etzim' means 'and the wood', 've'ayei' means 'and where is', 'ha-seh' means 'the ram', 'le'olah' means 'for the burnt offering'.
[GEN.22.8] And Abraham said, the Gods will see for him the ram as a burnt offering, my son; and both of them went together. [§]
Va-yomer Avraham Elohim yireh-lo ha-seh le-olah beni vayelechu sheneyhem yachdavu.
'Va-yomer' means 'And said', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yireh-lo' means 'will see for him' (idiomatically 'will provide for him'), 'ha-seh' means 'the ram', 'le-olah' means 'as a burnt offering', 'beni' means 'my son', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'sheneyhem' means 'both of them', 'yachdavu' means 'together'.
[GEN.22.9] They came to the place that the Gods said to him, and Abraham built there the altar and arranged the wood, and he bound his son Isaac and placed him on the altar above the wood. [§]
Vayyavohu el hamakom asher amar lo haelohim vayiven sham avraham et hamizbeach vayyaroch et haetzim vayyakod et yitzchak beno vayasem oto al hamizbeach mimma'al laetzim.
'Vayyavohu' means 'they came', 'el' means 'to', 'hamakom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'amar' means 'said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods' (plural of Elohim), 'vayiven' means 'and he built', 'sham' means 'there', 'avraham' means 'Abraham', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'vayyaroch' means 'and he arranged', 'haetzim' means 'the wood(s)', 'vayyakod' means 'and he bound', 'yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'beno' means 'his son', 'vayasem' means 'and he placed', 'oto' means 'him', 'al' means 'on', 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'mimma'al' means 'above', 'laetzim' means 'the wood(s)'.
[GEN.22.10] And Abraham sent his hand and took the meal to slaughter his son. [§]
Vayishlach Avraham et-yado vayikach et-hama'akhelet lishchot et-beno.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'et-' is the direct object marker, 'yado' means 'his hand', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'hama'akhelet' means 'the meal', 'lishchot' means 'to slaughter', 'beno' means 'his son'.
[GEN.22.11] And the messenger of Yahveh called to him from the heavens, and Abraham said, "Abraham," and he said, "Here I am." [§]
Vayikra elav mal'ach Yahveh min ha-shamayim vayomer Avraham Avraham vayomer hinenni.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'elav' means 'to him', 'mal'ach' means 'messenger' or 'angel', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'min' means 'from', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Avraham' is the personal name Abraham, repeated for emphasis, and 'hinenni' means 'here I am' or 'behold, I am present'.
[GEN.22.12] And he said, Do not send your hand to the boy, and do not do to him a deceit, because now I have known that you fear the Gods, and you have not spared your son, your only one, from me. [§]
vayomer al-tishlach yadkha el-hana'ar ve-al-ta'as lo me'umah ki attah yadaiti ki-yerei Elohim attah ve-lo khasakta et-bincha et-yechidka mimeni.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'al-tishlach' means 'do not send', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'el-hana'ar' means 'to the boy', 've-al-ta'as' means 'and do not do', 'lo' means 'to him', 'me'umah' means 'a deceit', 'ki' means 'because', 'attah' means 'now', 'yadaiti' means 'I have known', 'ki-yerei' means 'that you fear', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'attah' means 'you', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'khasakta' means 'you spared', 'et-bincha' means 'your son', 'et-yechidka' means 'your only one', 'mimeni' means 'from me'.
[GEN.22.13] And Abraham lifted his eyes and saw, and behold a ram caught in the thicket by its horns; and Abraham went and took the ram and offered it as a burnt offering instead of his son. [§]
Vayissa Avraham et einav vayare vehineh ayil achar neachaz basavach bekar'nav vayelekh Avraham vayikkach et haayil vayalahehu leolah tachat beno.
'Vayissa' means 'and he lifted', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'einav' means 'his eyes', 'vayare' means 'and he saw', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'ayil' means 'a ram', 'achar' means 'caught', 'neachaz' means 'trapped', 'basavach' means 'in the thicket', 'bekar'nav' means 'by its horns', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'vayikkach' means 'and he took', 'et' again the object marker, 'haayil' means 'the ram', 'vayalahehu' means 'and he offered it', 'leolah' means 'as a burnt offering', 'tachat' means 'instead of', 'beno' means 'his son'.
[GEN.22.14] And Abraham called the name of that place Yahveh will see, that which will be said the day on the mountain Yahveh will be seen. [§]
Vayikra Avraham shem ha-makom hahu Yahveh yireh asher yeamer hayom be-har Yahveh yerah.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'shem' means 'name', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'hahu' means 'that', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'yireh' means 'will see' (or 'will provide'), 'asher' means 'that which', 'yeamer' means 'will be said', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'be-har' means 'on the mountain', and the second 'Yahveh' again is the divine name, 'yerah' means 'will be seen'.
[GEN.22.15] And the angel of Yahveh called to Abraham a second time from the heavens. [§]
Vayyikra malakh Yahveh el Avraham shenit min ha-shamayim.
'Vayyikra' means 'and called', 'malakh' means 'angel', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'el' means 'to', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'shenit' means 'the second' or 'again' indicating a second time, 'min' means 'from', and 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens'.
[GEN.22.16] And he said, by me I have sworn, says Yahveh, because because that which you did this thing and you have not darkened your son your only. [§]
vayomer bi nishbati ne'um Yahveh ki ya'an asher asita et hadavar hazeh velo chasakhta et bincha et yechidecha.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'bi' means 'by me' (the speaker's oath), 'nishbati' means 'I have sworn', 'ne'um' means 'says' (used before a divine statement), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the proper name of God, 'ki' means 'because', 'ya'an' also means 'because' or 'on account of', 'asher' means 'that which' or 'which', 'asita' means 'you did', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'hadavar' means 'the word' or 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'velo' means 'and not', 'chasakhta' means 'you have darkened' or 'you have concealed', 'bincha' means 'your son', and 'yechidecha' means 'your only (one)', i.e., 'your only child'.
[GEN.22.17] For I will bless you and greatly increase your offspring, like the stars of the heavens and like the sand on the sea’s edge, and your offspring will inherit the gate of his enemies. [§]
ki varekh avarekhka veharbah arbeh et zara'aka kechokhvei ha-shamayim vechokol asher al s'fat ha-yam ve-yirash zara'aka et sha'ar oyvav.
'ki' means 'for', 'varekh' means 'I will bless', 'avarekhka' means 'you' (direct object, masculine singular), 'veharbah' means 'and greatly', 'arbeh' means 'I will increase', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'zara'aka' means 'your seed/offspring', 'kechokhvei' means 'like the stars of', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'vechokol' means 'and like the sand', 'asher' means 'that', 'al' means 'on', 's'fat' means 'edge/bank', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 've-yirash' means 'and will inherit', 'zara'aka' again 'your seed', 'et' marker, 'sha'ar' means 'gate', 'oyvav' means 'his enemies'.
[GEN.22.18] And be blessed in your offspring, all the nations of the earth, because you heard my voice. [§]
ve hitbarechu be-zara'kha kol goyei ha-aretz ekhev asher shamta be-koli.
've' means 'and', 'hitbarechu' is a reflexive passive imperative meaning 'be blessed', 'be' is the preposition 'in', 'zara'kha' means 'your seed' or 'your offspring', 'kol' means 'all', 'goyei' means 'nations of', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'ekhev' means 'because' or 'on account of', 'asher' means 'that which' or 'which', 'shamta' means 'you heard', 'be-koli' means 'in my voice'.
[GEN.22.19] And Abraham returned to his servants, and they rose up and went together to the well of the oath, and Abraham dwelt at the well of the oath. [§]
Vayyashav Avraham el-ne'arav vayakumu vayelechu yachdav el-be'er shavah vayyeshev Avraham bib'er shavah.
'Vayyashav' means 'and returned', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'el-ne'arav' means 'to his servants', 'vayakumu' means 'and they rose up', 'vayelechu' means 'and went', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'el-be'er' means 'to the well', 'shavah' means 'of the oath', 'vayyeshev' means 'and dwelt', 'bib'er' means 'at the well', the second 'shavah' repeats 'of the oath'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special God‑name translation is required.
[GEN.22.20] And it happened after these things, it was reported to Abraham, saying, Behold, Milcah also has borne sons to Nahor your brother. [§]
Vayehi akharei hadvarim ha'ele vayugad le'Avraham le'emor hineh yaldah Milka gam hi haveyn bamim leNachor achicha.
'Vayehi' means 'And it happened', 'akharei' means 'after', 'hadvarim' means 'the things', 'ha'ele' means 'these', 'vayugad' means 'it was reported', 'le'Avraham' means 'to Abraham', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'yaldah' means 'has borne', 'Milka' is the name Milcah, 'gam' means 'also', 'hi' means 'she', 'haveyn' means 'has', 'bamim' means 'sons', 'leNachor' means 'to Nahor', 'achicha' means 'your brother'.
[GEN.22.21] Uz his firstborn, and Buz his brother, and Kemuel father of Aram. [§]
Et-Uz bechoro ve-et-Buz achiv ve-et-Kemuel avi Aram.
'Et' is the direct object marker and is not translated. 'Uz' is a proper name. 'bechoro' means 'his firstborn'. 've-et' means 'and' plus the object marker. 'Buz' is a proper name. 'achiv' means 'his brother'. 'Kemuel' is a proper name. 'avi' means 'father of'. 'Aram' is a proper name.
[GEN.22.22] and Kessed, and Hazor, and Pildash, and Yidlaf, and Betuel. [§]
ve-et Kessed ve-et Hazor ve-et Pildash ve-et Yidlaf ve-et Betuel.
've-et' means 'and' plus the accusative marker that introduces a proper name. 'Kessed' is a place name, possibly derived from the root meaning 'honor'. 'Hazor' is a place name meaning 'enclosed settlement' or 'fortress'. 'Pildash' is a place name, likely a town whose meaning is uncertain. 'Yidlaf' is a place name that may mean 'beloved of the people' from the root for 'people' and 'love'. 'Betuel' is a place name meaning 'house of God' (bet = house, el = God).
[GEN.22.23] And in Betuel she bore Rivkah; eight of these she bore Milcah to Nahor, brother of Abraham. [§]
Uve'tual yalad et Rivkah shmonah elleh yaldah Milcah lenachor achi Avraham.
'Uve' means 'and in', 'tual' is a transliteration of the place name Betuel; 'yalad' means 'he/she gave birth'; 'et' is the direct object marker; 'Rivkah' is the proper name Rebecca; 'shmonah' means 'eight'; 'elleh' means 'these'; 'yaldah' means 'she bore'; 'Milcah' is the proper name Milcah; 'lenachor' means 'to Nahor'; 'achi' means 'brother'; 'Avraham' is the proper name Abraham.
[GEN.22.24] And his filigree and his name was Reuma, and she also gave birth to the Tebach, the Gacham, the Tachash, and the Maacha. [§]
u-filagsho u-shemah re'umah va-taled gam-hiya et-tevach ve-et-gacham ve-et-tachash ve-et-maacha.
'u-filagsho' means 'and his filigree', 'u-shemah' means 'and his name', 're'umah' is a proper name 'Reuma', 'va-taled' means 'and she gave birth', 'gam-hiya' means 'also she', 'et-tevach' means 'the Tebach (a person or entity)', 've-et-gacham' means 'and the Gacham', 've-et-tachash' means 'and the Tachash (a kind of animal or leather)', 've-et-maacha' means 'and the Maacha (a herd or group)'.
GEN.23
[GEN.23.1] And the years of Sarah were one hundred years and twenty years and seven years, the total of Sarah's years. [§]
Vayihyu chayei Sarah meah shana ve'esrim shana ve'sheva shanim shnei chayei Sarah.
'Vayihyu' means 'and were/and became', 'chayei' means 'the years/lives of', 'Sarah' is the proper name, 'meah' means 'one hundred', 'shana' means 'year', 've'esrim' means 'and twenty', another 'shana' again 'year', 've'sheva' means 'and seven', 'shanim' means 'years', 'shnei' means 'the sum' or 'together', and the final 'chayei Sarah' repeats 'the years of Sarah'.
[GEN.23.2] And Sarah died in the city of Kiriath-Arba, that is Hebron, in the land of Canaan; and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah and to weep for her. [§]
va-tamet Sara be-kiryat arba hi Hevron be-eretz Canaan va-yavo Avraham li-sfod le-Sara ve-levkotah.
'va-tamet' means 'and died', 'Sara' is the name Sarah, 'be-kiryat' means 'in the city of', 'arba' means 'four', 'hi' means 'it (that is)', 'Hevron' is the city Hebron, 'be-eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Canaan' is the name Canaan, 'va-yavo' means 'and came', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'li-sfod' means 'to mourn', 'le-Sara' means 'for Sarah', 've-levkotah' means 'and to weep for her'.
[GEN.23.3] And Abraham rose from the presence of his death and spoke to the sons of Chet, saying: [§]
Vayyakam Avraham me'al penei meto vayedaber el-benei-Chet lemor.
'Vayyakam' means 'and he rose', 'Avraham' is the personal name Abraham, 'me'al' means 'from', 'penei' means 'the presence of', 'meto' means 'his death', 'vayedaber' means 'and he spoke', 'el-benei-Chet' means 'to the sons of Chet', 'lemor' means 'to say'.
[GEN.23.4] I, a stranger and dweller, am with you. Give me a burial covering with you, and I will bury my dead before me. [§]
Ger ve-toshav anochi imachem tenu li achuzat kever imachem ve-ekkavrah metri milfanai.
'Ger' means 'stranger' or 'sojourner', 've-toshav' means 'and dweller', 'anochi' means 'I', 'imachem' means 'with you (plural)', 'tenu' means 'give (imperative plural)', 'li' means 'to me', 'achuzat' means 'burial covering' (literally 'covering'), 'kever' means 'grave' but here used as part of the phrase for a burial shroud, the second 'imachem' repeats 'with you', 've-ekkavrah' means 'and I will bury', 'metri' means 'my dead (one)', and 'milfanai' means 'before me' or 'in front of me'.
[GEN.23.5] And the sons of Chet answered Abraham, saying to him. [§]
vayyaanu b'nei Chet et Avraham le'emor lo
'vayyaanu' means 'and they answered', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Chet' is the name of the clan, 'et' is the object marker (not translated), 'Avraham' is the personal name Abraham, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'lo' means 'to him'.
[GEN.23.6] Hear us, my Lord, prince of the Gods, you are among us. In the choosing of our graves, bury your dead; no man among them shall complete his grave from you, from the grave of your dead. [§]
Shema'enu Adoni nasi elohim attah betochenu b'mivchar kevareinu kevor et-metecha ish mimenu et-kivro lo yikleh mimkha mi'kvar metekha.
'Shema'enu' means 'hear us', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'nasi' means 'prince' or 'leader', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'attah' means 'you', 'betochenu' means 'among us', 'b''mivchar' means 'in the choosing/selection', 'kevareinu' means 'our graves', 'kevor' means 'burial' or 'to bury', 'et-metecha' means 'your dead one', 'ish' means 'a man', 'mimenu' means 'from him', 'et-kivro' means 'his grave', 'lo yikleh' means 'will not finish/complete', 'mimkha' means 'from you', 'mi''kvar' means 'from the grave', 'metekha' means 'your dead'. According to the guidelines, 'Adoni' is rendered as 'my Lord' and 'Elohim' as 'the Gods'. The rest are rendered literally.
[GEN.23.7] And Abraham rose and bowed down to the people of the earth for the sons of Chet. [§]
Vayakam Avraham vayishtachu le'am ha'aretz livnei Chet.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'Avraham' is the name 'Abraham', 'vayishtachu' means 'and he bowed down', 'le'am' means 'to the people', 'ha'aretz' means 'of the earth', 'livnei' means 'for the sons of', 'Chet' is a proper name.
[GEN.23.8] And he spoke to them, saying, "If there is your soul to bury my dead before me, listen to me and strike me with a staff, son of Tsochar." [§]
vaydaber itam le'emor im yesh et napshechem likbor et meti mil'fanai shemauni ufigu li be'efron ben-tsochar.
'vaydaber' means 'and he spoke', 'itam' means 'to them', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'im' means 'if', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'et' is a grammatical marker without direct translation, 'napshechem' means 'your soul' (plural you), 'likbor' means 'to bury', 'meti' means 'my dead (one)', 'mil'fanai' means 'before me', 'shemauni' means 'listen to me', 'ufigu' means 'and strike', 'li' means 'me', 'be'efron' means 'with a staff' (the word 'efron' denotes a kind of rod or staff), 'ben-tsochar' means 'son of Tsochar' (a personal name).
[GEN.23.9] And he will give me the cave of Machpelah which is his, which is at the end of his field, full of silver; he will give it to me among you for a burial place. [§]
veyiten li et mearat ha makphela asher lo asher biketze sadehu bekesef male yitnenah li betochkhem laachuzat kaver.
'veyiten' means 'and he will give', 'li' means 'to me', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered), 'mearat' means 'the cave', 'ha' means 'the', 'makphela' is the name 'Machpelah', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lo' means 'belongs to him', the second 'asher' again means 'that/which', 'biketze' means 'at the end', 'sadehu' means 'of his field', 'bekesef' means 'with silver', 'male' means 'full', 'yitnenah' means 'he will give it', the second 'li' means 'to me', 'betochkhem' means 'among you', 'laachuzat' means 'for the burial', 'kaver' means 'grave'.
[GEN.23.10] And Ephron who dwells among the sons of Chet answered Ephron the Hittite to Abraham in the hearing of the sons of Chet, to all the men at the gate of his city, saying: [§]
ve'efron yoshev betoch b'nei-chet vayaan efron hachiti et-abraham be'oznei b'nei-chet lechol ba'ei sha'ar-iro le'emor
've'efron' means 'and Ephron', 'yoshev' means 'dwelling' or 'who dwells', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of' or 'among', 'b'nei-chet' means 'the sons of Chet', 'vayaan' means 'and he answered', 'efron' is the name 'Ephron' repeated, 'hachiti' means 'the Hittite', 'et-abraham' means 'to Abraham' (the direct object marker 'et' is untranslatable in English), 'be'oznei' means 'in the ears of' or 'in the hearing of', 'b'nei-chet' again means 'the sons of Chet', 'lechol' means 'to all', 'ba'ei' means 'the men' or 'the people', 'sha'ar-iro' means 'the gate of his city', 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[GEN.23.11] Not my Lord, listen to me: the field I gave to you, and the cave in which it is, I gave to you; before the eyes of the sons of my people I gave it to you, to bury your dead. [§]
Lo adoni shmaeni hasadeh natati lakh veha'arah asher bo leka netatiha le'einei bnei ami netatiha lakh k'vor metekha.
'Lo' means 'not', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'shmaeni' means 'listen to me', 'hasadeh' means 'the field', 'natati' means 'I gave', 'lakh' means 'to you', 'veha'arah' means 'and the cave', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'bo' means 'in it', 'leka' means 'to you', 'netatiha' means 'I gave it to you', 'le'einei' means 'before the eyes of', 'bnei' means 'sons', 'ami' means 'my people', 'k'vor' means 'to bury', 'metekha' means 'your dead'.
[GEN.23.12] And Abraham bowed before the people of the land. [§]
vayishtachu Avraham lifnei am haaretz.
'vayishtachu' means 'and bowed', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'am' means 'people', 'haaretz' means 'the land'.
[GEN.23.13] And he spoke to Ephron in the ears of the people of the land, saying, 'Only if you will listen to me I will give the field's silver; take it from me and I will bury my dead there.' [§]
Va-yedaber el-Ephron be'oznei am ha-aretz le'emor ach im ata lo shma'eni natati kesef ha-sadeh, kach mimeni ve'ekbera et-meti shama.
'Va-yedaber' means 'and he spoke'; 'el-Ephron' is the name Ephron; 'be'oznei' means 'in the ears of'; 'am ha-aretz' means 'the people of the land'; 'le'emor' means 'saying'; 'ach' means 'only'; 'im' means 'if'; 'ata' means 'you'; 'lo' means 'not' or 'for' depending on context, here 'if you will not'; 'shma'eni' means 'listen to me'; 'natati' means 'I gave'; 'kesef ha-sadeh' means 'the field's silver' (the silver belonging to the field); 'kach' means 'take'; 'mimeni' means 'from me'; 've'ekbera' means 'and I will bury'; 'et-meti' means 'my dead (the dead one)'; 'shama' means 'there'.
[GEN.23.14] And Ephron answered Abraham, saying to him. [§]
vayaan Ephron et Avraham leemor lo.
'vayaan' means 'and answered', 'Ephron' is a proper name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'lo' means 'to him'.
[GEN.23.15] my Lord listen to me earth four hundred shekels of silver between me and you what is it and bury your dead. [§]
Adoni shma'eni eretz arba meot shekel kesef beynai uveinecha ma hi ve'et metkha kevor.
'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'shma'eni' means 'listen to me', 'eretz' means 'land' or 'earth', 'arba' means 'four', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'shekel-kesef' means 'shekel of silver', 'beynai' means 'between me', 'uveinecha' means 'and between you', 'ma hi' means 'what is it', 've'et' means 'and', 'metkha' means 'your dead', 'kevor' means 'bury'.
[GEN.23.16] And Abraham heard about Ephron, and Abraham weighed for Ephron the silver which he had spoken in the ears of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, passing to the merchant. [§]
Vayishma Avraham el-Ephron vayishkol Avraham le-Ephron et-hakesef asher diber be'oznei b'nei-Chet arba me'ot shekel kesef over la-sochar.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'el' means 'to/about', 'Ephron' is a proper name, 'vayishkol' means 'and he weighed', 'le-Ephron' means 'for Ephron', 'et-hakesef' means 'the silver', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'diber' means 'he spoke', 'be'oznei' means 'in the ears of', 'b'nei-Chet' means 'the sons of Heth', 'arba' means 'four', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'shekel' means 'shekel', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'over' means 'passing', 'la-sochar' means 'to the merchant'.
[GEN.23.17] And the field of Ephron that is in Machpelah, which is before Mamre, the field and the cave that are in it, and all the tree that is in the field, which is in all its surrounding border. [§]
Vayakam sadeh Ephron asher ba-Machpela asher lifnei Mamre hashadeh vehama'arah asher bo vekhol ha'ets asher ba-sadeh asher be-khol gevulo saviv.
'Vayakam' means 'and he arose', 'sadeh' means 'field', 'Ephron' is a proper name, 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ba-Machpela' means 'in Machpelah', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Mamre' is a proper name, 'hashadeh' means 'the field', 'vehama'arah' means 'and the cave', 'asher bo' means 'that is in it', 'vekhol ha'ets' means 'and all the tree', 'ba-sadeh' means 'in the field', 'be-khol gevulo' means 'in all its border', 'saviv' means 'around, surrounding'.
[GEN.23.18] To Abraham as property, in the eyes of the children of Chet, in all the gates of his city. [§]
leAvraham leMikna le'einei B'nei Chet bechol ba'ei Sha'ar iro.
'leAvraham' means 'to/for Abraham', 'leMikna' means 'as possession' or 'as property', 'le'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'B'nei Chet' means 'the sons/children of Chet', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'ba'ei' means 'the entrances/gates of', and 'Sha'ar iro' means 'his city'.
[GEN.23.19] And after this Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah, on the north side of Mamre, which is Hebron, in the land of Canaan. [§]
veacharei-ken kavhar avraham et-sarah ishto el-me'arat sde ha-makphela al-p'nei mamre'ah hi chevron be'eretz kenaan.
've' means 'and', 'acharei' means 'after', '-ken' means 'this', forming 'veacharei-ken' = 'and after this'. 'kavhar' is the verb 'buried'. 'avraham' is the personal name 'Abraham'. 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent). 'sarah' is the personal name 'Sarah'. 'ishto' means 'his wife'. 'el' means 'to' or 'in'. 'me'arat' means 'the cave'. 'sde' means 'field of'. 'ha-makphela' means 'the Machpelah', a proper place name. 'al-p'nei' means 'on the face of' or 'on the north side of'. 'mamre'ah' is the place name 'Mamre'. 'hi' means 'which is'. 'chevron' (or 'hevron') is the place name 'Hebron'. 'be' is a preposition 'in'. 'eretz' means 'land'. 'kenaan' is the place name 'Canaan'.
[GEN.23.20] And the field and the cave that were in it were for Abraham for a burial from the sons of Heth. [§]
Vayyakam hashadeh veham'arah asher bo leAvraham laachuzat-qaver me'et b'nei-chet.
'Vayyakam' means 'and it arose' or 'and he arose', 'hashadeh' means 'the field', 'veham'arah' means 'and the cave', 'asher' means 'that', 'bo' means 'in it', 'leAvraham' means 'for Abraham', 'laachuzat-qaver' means 'for a burial', 'me'et' means 'from' or 'by', 'b'nei-chet' means 'the sons of Heth'.
GEN.24
[GEN.24.1] And Abraham, old, came in the days, and Yahveh blessed Abraham in all. [§]
veAvraham zaken ba ba-yamim vaYahveh berach et-Avraham ba-kol.
've' means 'and', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'zaken' means 'old', 'ba' means 'came', 'ba-yamim' means 'in the days', 'vaYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'berach' means 'blessed', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, the second 'Avraham' is again the name Abraham, and 'ba-kol' means 'in all' or 'in everything'.
[GEN.24.2] And Abraham said to his servant, the oldest of his household who ruled over all that he owned, "Please place your hand under my thigh." [§]
Vayomer Avraham el avdo zekan beito hamoshel bechol asher lo sim na yadkha tachat yerekhi.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'el' means 'to', 'avdo' means 'his servant', 'zekan' means 'old' or 'elder', 'beito' means 'of his house', 'hamoshel' means 'the one who rules', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lo' means 'he has', 'sim' means 'place' (imperative), 'na' adds politeness 'please', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'tachat' means 'under', 'yerekhi' means 'my thigh'.
[GEN.24.3] And I will cause you to be satisfied in Yahveh the Gods of the heavens and the Gods of the earth, who does not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanite whom I am dwelling among. [§]
ve'ashbi'acha baYahveh Elohei haShamayim veElohei haAretz asher lo-tikach isha levni mi-benot haKena'ani asher anochi yoshev beqirbo.
've'ashbi'acha' means 'and I will cause you to be satisfied', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'Elohei' means 'the Gods' (Elohim translated literally as the Gods), 'haShamayim' means 'of the heavens', 'veElohei' means 'and the Gods', 'haAretz' means 'of the earth', 'asher' means 'who', 'lo-tikach' means 'does not take', 'isha' means 'a wife', 'levni' means 'for my son', 'mi-benot' means 'from the daughters of', 'haKena'ani' means 'the Canaanite', 'anochi' means 'I', 'yoshev' means 'am dwelling', 'beqirbo' means 'among them'.
[GEN.24.4] Because you will go to my land and to my birthplace, and you will take a wife for my son Isaac. [§]
Ki el-artzi ve'el-moladi telekh ve'laqacht isha livni leYitzchak.
'Ki' means 'because', 'el-artzi' means 'to my land', 've'el-moladi' means 'and to my birthplace', 'telekh' means 'you will go', 've'laqacht' means 'and you will take', 'isha' means 'woman' or 'wife', 'livni' means 'for my son', 'leYitzchak' is the name 'Isaac'.
[GEN.24.5] And he said to him, the servant, perhaps the woman will not be harmed to go after me to this land; I will return and give back your son to the land from which you went out of there. [§]
Vayomer elav ha'eved ulay lo toveh ha'isha lalekhet acharai el ha'aretz hazot hehashiv ashiv et-bincha el ha'aretz asher-yatza mi-shem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'ha'eved' means 'the servant', 'ulay' means 'perhaps', 'lo toveh' means 'will not be harmed', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'acharai' means 'after me', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'hazot' means 'this', 'hehashiv' means 'I will return', 'ashiv' means 'I will give back', 'et-bincha' means 'your son', 'asher-yatza' means 'from which you went out', 'mi-shem' means 'from there'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name is needed.
[GEN.24.6] And he said to him, Abraham, be careful for yourself, lest you bring back my son there. [§]
Vayomer Elav Avraham Hishamer Lecha Pen‑Tashiv et Beni Shammah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Elav' means 'to him', 'Avraham' is the name 'Abraham', 'Hishamer' means 'be careful' or 'guard yourself', 'Lecha' means 'for yourself', 'Pen‑' (with the negative particle 'pen') means 'lest', 'Tashiv' means 'you return' or 'you bring back', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Beni' means 'my son', and 'Shammah' means 'there' (a place).
[GEN.24.7] Yahveh the Gods of the heavens who took me from my father's house and from the land of my birth, and who spoke to me, and who swore to me, saying, To your seed I will give this land; he will send his messenger before you, and you will take a woman for my son from there. [§]
Yahveh Elohei ha-shamayim asher leqachani mi-beit avi u-me-eretz moladti ve-asher diber-li ve-asher nishba-li leemor le-zeracha etten et ha-aretz hazot hu yishlach malacho le-fanekha ve-lakachta isha levni mi-sham.
'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH. 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim, meaning 'the Gods' (of). 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens'. 'asher' means 'who' or 'that'. 'leqachani' means 'took me'. 'mi-beit' means 'from the house of'. 'avi' means 'my father'. 'u-me-eretz' means 'and from the land of'. 'moladti' means 'my birth'. 've-asher' means 'and who'. 'diber-li' means 'spoke to me'. 've-asher' repeats 'and who'. 'nishba-li' means 'swore to me'. 'leemor' means 'to say'. 'le-zeracha' means 'to your seed'. 'etten' means 'I will give'. 'et ha-aretz' means 'the land'. 'hazot' means 'this'. 'hu' means 'he'. 'yishlach' means 'will send'. 'malacho' means 'his messenger'. 'le-fanekha' means 'before you'. 've-lakachta' means 'and you took'. 'isha' means 'a woman'. 'levni' means 'for my son'. 'mi-sham' means 'from there'.
[GEN.24.8] And if the woman does not obey to go after you, and you keep my oath, this only: you shall not bring my son back there. [§]
Ve'im lo toeve ha'isha lalekhet acharecha ve'nikkita mishvuati zot rak et-beni lo tasev shamah.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'lo' means 'not', 'toeve' means 'obey', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'acharecha' means 'after you', 've'nikkita' means 'and you keep', 'mishvuati' means 'my oath', 'zot' means 'this', 'rak' means 'only', 'et-beni' means 'my son', 'lo' means 'not', 'tasev' means 'you will bring back/return', 'shamah' means 'there'.
[GEN.24.9] And the servant placed his hand under Abraham's thigh, his master, and swore to him concerning this matter. [§]
Vayyasem haeved et-yado tachat yerekh Avraham adonav vayishave lo al-hadavar hazeh.
'Vayyasem' means 'and he placed', 'haeved' means 'the servant', 'et-yado' means 'his hand', 'tachat' means 'under', 'yerekh' means 'the thigh', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'adonav' means 'his master' (literally 'his lord'), 'vayishave' means 'and he swore', 'lo' means 'to him', 'al' means 'concerning' or 'about', 'hadavar' means 'the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[GEN.24.10] And the servant took ten shekels from his Lord and went, and all the good of his Lord was in his hand; and he arose and went to Aram, the two rivers, to the city of Nachor. [§]
Vayikach ha'evad asara gemalim migmalei adonav vayelech vechol-tov adonav beyado vayakam vayelech el-Aram naharayim el-ir Nachor.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'ha'evad' means 'the servant', 'asara' means 'ten', 'gemalim' means 'shekels' (a weight/monetary unit), 'migmalei' means 'from the ... of', 'adonav' is the name Adonai rendered literally as 'Lord' with a possessive suffix meaning 'his Lord', 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'vechol-tov' means 'and all good', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'vayakam' means 'and he arose', 'el-Aram' means 'to Aram', 'naharayim' means 'the two rivers', 'el-ir' means 'to the city', and 'Nachor' is the name of that city.
[GEN.24.11] And he blessed the camels from outside the city to the water well at evening, at the time of the drawing of water. [§]
Vayyavrekh hagmalim michutz lair el-beer hamayim le'et erev le'et tzeet hashot.
'Vayyavrekh' means 'and he blessed', 'hagmalim' means 'the camels', 'michutz' means 'from outside', 'lair' means 'the city', 'el-beer' means 'to the well', 'hamayim' means 'of water', 'le'et' means 'at the time of', 'erev' means 'evening', 'le'et' (again) means 'at the time of', 'tzeet' means 'going out' or 'drawing', 'hashot' means 'the draws' or 'the draughts' (referring to drawing water).
[GEN.24.12] Yahveh, God of my Lord Abraham, please call before me today and do kindness with my Lord Abraham. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh Elohei Adoni Avraham hakre-na lefanai hayom v'aseh-chesed im Adoni Avraham.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'Avraham' is 'Abraham', 'hakre-na' means 'please call', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'hayom' means 'today', 'v'aseh-chesed' means 'and do kindness', 'im' means 'with'.
[GEN.24.13] Behold, I am standing by the spring of water, and the women of the city go out to draw water. [§]
Hineh anochi nitzav al-eyn ha mayim uvenot anshei ha ir yotzim le shaav mayim.
'Hineh' means 'behold' or 'look', 'anochi' means 'I', 'nitzav' means 'am standing', 'al-eyn' means 'by the spring' (literally 'upon the eye' but idiom for spring), 'ha mayim' means 'the water', 'uvenot' means 'and the women' (literally 'and daughters'), 'anshei' means 'of the men' i.e., 'of the people', 'ha ir' means 'the city', 'yotzim' means 'go out', 'le shaav' means 'to draw' (water), 'mayim' means 'water'.
[GEN.24.14] And it shall be that the maiden who says to her, 'please draw as your (something) and I will drink', and I will say, 'drink', and also your camel I will give to her; you have shown to your servant to Isaac, and in her I will know that you have done kindness with my Lord. [§]
vehayah hanna'arah asher omer eleha hatti-na kadekh ve'eshteh ve'amrah shteh vegam-gemalekha ashke otah hokhachta le'avdeka le-yitzhak uvah eda ki asita hesed im my Lord
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'hanna'arah' means 'the maiden', 'asher' means 'who', 'omer' means 'says', 'eleha' means 'to her', 'hatti-na' means 'please draw/bring', 'kadekh' means 'as your', 've'eshteh' means 'and I will drink', 've'amrah' means 'and I will say', 'shteh' means 'drink', 'vegam-gemalekha' means 'and also your camel', 'ashke' means 'I will give drink', 'otah' means 'to her', 'hokhachta' means 'you have proven/shown', 'le'avdeka' means 'to your servant', 'le-yitzhak' means 'to Isaac', 'uvah' means 'and in her', 'eda' means 'I will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'hesed' means 'kindness', 'im my Lord' means 'with my Lord' (Adoni translated as my Lord).
[GEN.24.15] And it was he before he finished speaking, and behold Rebekah went out, who was born to Bethuel son of Milkah, the wife of Nahor brother of Abraham, and she leaned upon her shoulder. [§]
va-yehi hu terem kila ledaber ve-hineh Rivkah yotset asher yulda livtual ben-Milkah eshet Nachor achi Avraham ve-kadah al shichmah.
'va-yehi' means 'and it was', 'hu' means 'he', 'terem' means 'before', 'kila' means 'finished', 'le-daber' means 'to speak', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'Rivkah' means 'Rebekah', 'yotset' means 'going out', 'asher' means 'who', 'yulda' means 'was born', 'livtual' means 'to Bethuel', 'ben-Milkah' means 'son of Milkah', 'eshet' means 'wife', 'Nachor' means 'Nahor', 'achi' means 'brother', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 've-kadah' means 'and she leaned', 'al' means 'upon', 'shichmah' means 'her shoulder'.
[GEN.24.16] And the maiden was exceedingly beautiful in appearance, a virgin, and no man had known her; she lowered her gaze, filled her hand, and rose. [§]
veha naarah tovot mareh meod be-tulah ve-ish lo yeda'ah vatered ha'ayin vatemalle kadah vata'al.
'veha' means 'and the', 'naarah' means 'young woman' or 'maiden', 'tovot' means 'beautiful' (feminine), 'mareh' means 'appearance', 'meod' means 'very', 'be-tulah' means 'virgin', 've-ish' means 'and a man', 'lo' means 'not', 'yeda'ah' means 'knows her' or 'has known her', 'vatered' means 'and she went down', 'ha'ayin' means 'the eye', 'vatemalle' means 'and she filled', 'kadah' means 'her hand' or 'palm', 'vata'al' means 'and she rose'.
[GEN.24.17] And the servant ran to meet her, and said, 'Grant me, please, a little water from your jar.' [§]
Vayyaratz haevod likraatah vayomar hagmiiini na me'at-mayim mikadech.
'Vayyaratz' means 'and he ran', 'haevod' means 'the servant', 'likraatah' means 'to meet her' (to her), 'vayomar' means 'and he said', 'hagmiiini' means 'grant me' (imperative with enclitic), 'na' means 'please', 'me\'at-mayim' means 'a little water', 'mikadech' means 'from your jar or vessel'.
[GEN.24.18] And she said, 'Drink, my Lord,' and she hurried, and she lowered her hand onto her hand and gave him a drink. [§]
vatomer shteh adoni vatemaher vatored kaddah al-yadah vatashekehu
'vatomer' means 'and she said', 'shteh' means 'drink' (imperative), 'adoni' means 'my Lord' (Adonai translated as 'my Lord'), 'vatemaher' means 'and she hurried', 'vatored' means 'and she lowered', 'kaddah' means 'her hand', 'al-yadah' means 'upon her hand', 'vatashekehu' means 'and she gave him a drink'.
[GEN.24.19] And she finished giving him drink, and she said, "Also I will draw water for you until if they have finished drinking." [§]
Vattechal lehashkoto vatoomer gam ligmalekha esh'av ad im-killu lishtot.
'Vattechal' means 'and she finished', 'lehashkoto' means 'to give him drink', 'vatoomer' means 'and she said', 'gam' means 'also', 'ligmalekha' means 'to draw water for you' (from the root g-m-l meaning to satisfy thirst), 'esh'av' means 'I will draw' (from the root sh-a-v meaning to draw water), 'ad' means 'until', 'im' means 'if', 'killu' means 'they have finished', 'lishtot' means 'to drink'.
[GEN.24.20] She hurried and lifted her hand to the water‑pot, and she ran again to the well to draw water, and she drew for all her livestock. [§]
vatemaher vate'ar kadah el-hashoket vataratz od el-habe'er lish'ov vatishe'av lekhol-gemalav.
'vatemaher' means 'and she hurried', 'vate'ar' means 'and she lifted (her hand)', 'kadah' means 'her hand', 'el-hashoket' means 'to the water‑pot', 'vataratz' means 'and she ran', 'od' means 'again', 'el-habe'er' means 'to the well', 'lish'ov' means 'to draw water', 'vatishe'av' means 'and she drew', 'lekhol-gemalav' means 'for all her livestock'.
[GEN.24.21] And the man, amazed at her, keeps silent to know whether Yahveh will succeed his way or not. [§]
veha'ish mishta'eh lah macharish ladaat hahitzliach Yahveh darko im-lo.
'veha'ish' means 'and the man', 'mishta'eh' means 'who is amazed' or 'astonished', 'lah' means 'at her' or 'to her', 'macharish' means 'silencing' or 'keeping silent', 'ladaat' means 'to know', 'hahitzliach' means 'the successful' or 'the one who succeeds', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'darko' means 'his way', 'im-lo' means 'if not'.
[GEN.24.22] And it happened when the camels had finished drinking, and the man took a golden nose-ring, broke its weight, and two bracelets on its hands, ten gold weights. [§]
Vayehi kaasher killu hagemalim lishtot vayikach haish nezem zahav beka mishkalo ushneyei tzemidim al yadeha asarah zahav mishkalam.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kaasher' means 'when', 'killu' means 'they finished', 'hagemalim' means 'the camels', 'lishtot' means 'to drink', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'haish' means 'the man', 'nezem' means 'a nose-ring', 'zahav' means 'golden', 'beka' means 'broke', 'mishkalo' means 'its weight', 'ushneyei' means 'and two', 'tzemidim' means 'bracelets', 'al yadeha' means 'on its hands', 'asarah' means 'ten', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'mishkalam' means 'of weight'.
[GEN.24.23] And he said, "Who are you? Please tell me, is there a place in your father's house for us to stay?" [§]
Vayomer bat-mi at? Hagidi na li ha-yesh beit avich makom lanu lalin.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'bat-mi' means 'who (of) daughter' used colloquially as 'who are you?', 'at' means 'you' (feminine), 'hagidi' means 'tell (imperative, feminine)', 'na' means 'please', 'li' means 'to me', 'ha-yesh' means 'is there', 'beit avich' means 'your father's house', 'makom' means 'place', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'lalin' means 'to lodge' or 'to stay the night'.
[GEN.24.24] And she said to him, I am the daughter of Betuel, son of Milkah, who bore to Nahor. [§]
vatomer elav bat-betuel anochi ben-milkah asher yaledah lenachor.
'vatomer' means 'and she said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'bat-betuel' means 'daughter of Betuel', 'anochi' means 'I am', 'ben-milkah' means 'son of Milkah', 'asher' means 'who', 'yaledah' means 'bore' or 'gave birth', 'lenachor' means 'to Nahor'.
[GEN.24.25] And she said to him, also butter, also honey, great abundance with us, also a place for staying. [§]
Vato'amer elav gam-teven gam-mispo rav imanu gam-makom lalun.
'Vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'gam' means 'also', 'teven' means 'butter', 'misp'o' means 'honey', 'rav' means 'great' or 'abundant', 'imanu' means 'with us', 'makom' means 'place', 'lalun' means 'for staying' or 'to lodge'.
[GEN.24.26] And the man bowed and worshiped Yahveh. [§]
Vayyikod ha'ish vayishtachu laYahveh.
'Vayyikod' means 'and the man bowed' (the vav conjunction plus the verb root Q-D meaning to bow). 'ha'ish' means 'the man'. 'Vayishtachu' means 'and (he) worshiped' (from the verb shachah, to bow down or worship). 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the preposition la- plus the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh).
[GEN.24.27] And he said, Blessed Yahveh my Lord, God of my Lord Abraham, who has not abandoned his kindness and his truth from my Lord; I am on the way, Yahveh has guided me to the house of my brother, my Lord. [§]
Vayomer baruch Yahveh Elohei adoni Avraham asher lo-azav chasdo ve'amitot me'im adoni anochi baderekh nachani Yahveh beit achi adoni.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'baruch' means 'blessed', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'asher' means 'who', 'lo-azav' means 'has not abandoned', 'chasdo' means 'his kindness', 've'amitot' means 'and his truth', 'me'im' means 'from', 'adoni' again 'my Lord', 'anochi' means 'I', 'baderekh' means 'on the way', 'nachani' means 'has guided me', 'Yahveh' again the name, 'beit' means 'house of', 'achi' means 'my brother', 'adoni' again 'my Lord'.
[GEN.24.28] And the maiden ran and reported to her mother’s house these matters. [§]
Va-tarez ha-na'arah va-taged le-beit ima ka-devarim ha-elah.
'Va-tarez' means 'and she ran', 'ha-na'arah' means 'the young woman' or 'the maiden', 'va-taged' means 'and she reported', 'le-beit' means 'to the house of', 'ima' means 'her mother', 'ka-devarim' means 'the things' or 'the matters', 'ha-elah' means 'these'.
[GEN.24.29] And to Rebecca there was a brother, and his name was Laban, and Laban ran to the man outside to the spring. [§]
ulerivkah ach ushmo lavan vayaratze lavan el haish hachutzah el haayin.
'ulerivkah' means 'and (to) Rebecca', 'ach' means 'brother', 'ushmo' means 'and his name', 'lavan' means 'Laban', 'vayaratze' means 'and ran', the second 'lavan' repeats the name Laban, 'el' means 'to', 'haish' means 'the man', 'hachutzah' means 'outside' or 'in the open', and 'el haayin' means 'to the eye' (here understood idiomatically as 'to the spring' or 'to the well').
[GEN.24.30] And it happened when he saw the nose and the bracelets by his sister's hand, and when he heard the words of Rebekah his sister, saying, 'Thus the man said to me,' he went to the man, and behold he was standing on the camels at the well. [§]
Vayehi kir'ot et hanezem ve'et hatzmidim al yedei achoto u'keshamo et divrei Rivkah achoto lemor koh diber elai ha ish vayavo el ha ish vehineh omed al hagmalim al ha ayin.
'Vayehi' means 'And it happened', 'kir'ot' means 'when (he) saw', 'et' is a direct object marker (no English translation), 'hanezem' means 'the nose', 've'et' means 'and (the)', 'hatzmidim' means 'the bracelets', 'al' means 'by' or 'at', 'yedei' means 'the hand of', 'achoto' means 'his sister', 'u'keshamo' means 'and when he heard', 'et' again is a direct object marker, 'divrei' means 'the words of', 'Rivkah' means 'Rebekah', 'achoto' means 'his sister', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'koh' means 'thus', 'diber' means 'said', 'elai' means 'to me', 'ha ish' means 'the man', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'el' means 'to', 'ha ish' again means 'the man', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'omed' means 'standing', 'al' means 'on' or 'by', 'hagmalim' means 'the camels', 'al' again means 'by' or 'at', 'ha ayin' means 'the well'.
[GEN.24.31] And he said, Come, blessed Yahveh, why do you stand outside, and I have set up the house and a place for the camels. [§]
Vayomer bo baruch Yahveh lamah ta'amod bachutz ve'anokhi piniti habbayit umakon lagemalim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'bo' means 'come', 'baruch' means 'blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lamah' means 'why', 'ta'amod' means 'do you stand', 'bachutz' means 'outside', 've'anokhi' means 'and I', 'piniti' means 'have turned' or 'have set up', 'habbayit' means 'the house', 'umakon' means 'and a place', 'lagemalim' means 'for the camels'.
[GEN.24.32] And the man entered the house and opened the jars and gave oil and flour for the jars and water to wash his feet and the feet of the men who were with him. [§]
Vayavo haish habayta vayefattach hagemalim vayiten teven u-mispoh lagamalim u-mayim lirchot raglav ve-raglei ha-anashim asher ito.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came/entered', 'haish' means 'the man', 'habayta' means 'to the house', 'vayefattach' means 'and he opened', 'hagemalim' means 'the jars', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'teven' means 'oil', 'u-mispoh' means 'and flour', 'lagamalim' means 'for the jars', 'u-mayim' means 'and water', 'lirchot' means 'to wash', 'raglav' means 'his feet', 've-raglei' means 'and the feet of', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'were with him'.
[GEN.24.33] He placed before him food to eat, and he said, 'I will not eat until I have spoken my words,' and he said, 'Speak.' [§]
Vayusam lefanav le'echol vayomer lo ochal ad im dibarti devrai vayomer dabar.
'Vayusam' means 'and he placed', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'le'echol' means 'to eat', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'ochal' means 'I will eat', 'ad' means 'until', 'im' means 'if' or introduces a condition, 'dibarti' means 'I have spoken', 'devrai' means 'my words', the second 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', and 'dabar' means 'speak' (imperative).
[GEN.24.34] And he said, I am the servant of Abraham. [§]
Vayomer eved Avraham anochi.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Avraham' is the name 'Abraham', 'anochi' means 'I am'.
[GEN.24.35] And Yahveh blessed my Lord greatly and he was magnified and gave him sheep and cattle and silver and gold and servants and families and mules and donkeys. [§]
Vayahveh berach et-adoni meod vayigdal vayitten lo tzon uvakar ve'kesef ve'zahav ve'avadim u'shefachot u'gmalim vachamorim.
'Vayahveh' means 'and Yahveh'; 'berach' means 'blessed'; 'et' is the Hebrew object marker (not rendered in English); 'adoni' means 'my Lord'; 'meod' means 'greatly'; 'vayigdal' means 'and he was magnified' or 'and he grew great'; 'vayitten' means 'and he gave'; 'lo' means 'to him'; 'tzon' means 'sheep'; 'uvakar' means 'and cattle'; 'vekesef' means 'and silver'; 'vezahav' means 'and gold'; 'veavadim' means 'and servants'; 'ushefachot' means 'and families/households'; 'ugmalim' means 'and mules'; 'vachamorim' means 'and donkeys'.
[GEN.24.36] And Sarah, wife of my Lord, bore a son to my Lord after his old age, and he gave him all that was his. [§]
vateled Sara eshet adoni ben la'adoni acharei ziknata vayiten-lo et kol asher-lo.
'vateled' means 'and she bore', 'Sara' is the name Sarah, 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'ben' means 'son', 'la'adoni' means 'to my Lord', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ziknata' means 'her old age', 'vayiten-lo' means 'and he gave him', 'et kol asher-lo' means 'all that was his'.
[GEN.24.37] And my Lord swore to me, saying, "Do not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanite, whom I am dwelling with in the land." [§]
Vayashbieni Adoni le'emor lo tikach isha livni mibnot hakena'ani asher anoki yoshev be'artzo.
'Vayashbieni' means 'and he swore to me', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'lo' means 'not', 'tikach' means 'you will take', 'isha' means 'a wife', 'livni' means 'for my son', 'mibnot' means 'from the daughters', 'hakena'ani' means 'of the Canaanite', 'asher' means 'that', 'anoki' means 'I', 'yoshev' means 'am dwelling', 'be'artzo' means 'in his land'.
[GEN.24.38] If you do not go to my father's house and to my family, and you take a woman for my son. [§]
Im lo el beit avi telech ve el mishpachti ve lakachta isha li-bni.
'Im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'el' means 'to', 'beit' means 'house', 'avi' means 'my father', 'telech' means 'you will go', 've' means 'and', 'el' means 'to', 'mishpachti' means 'my family', 've' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you will take', 'isha' means 'woman', 'li-bni' means 'for my son'.
[GEN.24.39] And I said to my Lord, perhaps the woman will not go after me. [§]
Vaomar el Adoni ulai lo telech haisha acharai.
'Vaomar' means 'and I said', 'el' means 'to', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'lo' means 'not', 'telech' means 'will go' (third person feminine future), 'haisha' means 'the woman', 'acharai' means 'after me' or 'behind me'.
[GEN.24.40] And He said to me, Yahveh, before whom I have walked, will send his messenger with you, and will make your way successful, and you will take a wife for my son from my clan and from my father's house. [§]
Vayyomer elai Yahveh asher hithallakti lefanav yishlach mal'acho itach vehitzlich darkekha velakata isha livnei mimishpachti u-mibeit avi.
'Vayyomer' means 'and he said', 'elai' means 'to me', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher hithallakti lefanav' means 'whom I have walked before', 'yishlach' means 'he will send', 'mal'acho' means 'his messenger', 'itach' means 'with you', 'vehitzlich' means 'and will make successful', 'darkekha' means 'your way', 'velakata' means 'and you will take', 'isha' means 'a woman', 'livnei' means 'for my son', 'mimishpachti' means 'from my clan/family', 'u-mibeit' means 'and from the house', 'avi' means 'of my father'.
[GEN.24.41] Then you will be cut off from my oath, for when you come to my family, if they do not give you anything, you will be innocent of my oath. [§]
Az tinaqeh me'alati ki tavo el-mishpachti ve-im lo yitnu lakh vehayita naki me'alati.
'Az' means 'then'; 'tinaqeh' means 'you will be cut off' or 'disqualified'; 'me'alati' means 'from my oath'; 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'; 'tavo' means 'you will come'; 'el-mishpachti' means 'to my family'; 've-im' means 'and if'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'yitnu' means 'they will give'; 'lakh' means 'to you'; 'vehayita' means 'and you will be'; 'naki' means 'clean' or 'innocent'; 'me'alati' again means 'from my oath'.
[GEN.24.42] And I will come today to the spring and I will say, Yahveh God of my Lord Abraham, if you will please grant success to my way that I am walking upon. [§]
vaavo hayom el ha'ayin vaomar Yahveh Elohei adoni Avraham im yeshka na matslich darachi asher anochi holekh aleha.
'vaavo' means 'and I will come', 'hayom' means 'today', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'ayin' means 'the spring', 'vaomar' means 'and I will say', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'im' means 'if', 'yeshka' means 'you have', 'na' is a polite request particle meaning 'please', 'matslich' means 'make successful' or 'grant success to', 'darachi' means 'my way', 'asher' means 'that', 'anochi' means 'I', 'holekh' means 'walk', 'aleha' means 'upon it'.
[GEN.24.43] Behold, I stand by the spring, and the maiden who goes out to draw water, and I said to her, 'Please give me a little water from your jar.' [§]
Hineh anochi nitsav al ein ha-mayim ve-hayah ha-almah ha-yotzet lisho'v ve-amarti eileha hashkini-na me'at mayim mi-kadek.
'Hineh' means 'Behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'nitsav' means 'stand', 'al' means 'by' or 'on', 'ein' means 'spring' or 'eye', 'ha-mayim' means 'the water', 've-hayah' means 'and will be' (here linking the clause), 'ha-almah' means 'the maiden' or 'young woman', 'ha-yotzet' means 'who goes out', 'lisho'v' means 'to draw water', 've-amarti' means 'and I said', 'eileha' means 'to her', 'hashkini-na' means 'please give me a drink' (lit. 'make me drink'), 'me\'at' means 'a little', 'mayim' means 'water', 'mi-kadek' means 'from your jar' or 'from your vessel'.
[GEN.24.44] And she said to me, 'Also you, drink, and also for your reward I will love.' She is the woman whom Yahveh proved to the son of my Lord. [§]
ve'amarah elay gam-atah shteh ve-gam li-gmalekha eshav hi ha'ishah asher hochiach Yahveh le'ven adoni.
've'amarah' means 'and she said', 'elay' means 'to me', 'gam-atah' means 'also you', 'shteh' means 'drink', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'li-gmalekha' means 'for your reward' (literal sense of the root G-M-L), 'eshav' means 'I will love' or 'I will desire' (literal), 'hi' means 'she', 'ha'ishah' means 'the woman', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'hochiach' means 'proved' or 'demonstrated', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'le'ven' means 'to the son', and 'adoni' means 'my Lord'.
[GEN.24.45] I have not yet eaten to speak to my heart, and behold Rebecca goes out and she lifts her breast upon her shoulder; the eye went down and swallowed, and I said to her, "Please give me a drink." [§]
Ani terem akhalé le-daber el libi ve-hine Rivka yotset ve-kaddah al shikmah va-tered ha-ayin va-tishav va-omar eleha hashkiní na.
'Ani' means 'I', 'terem' means 'not yet', 'akhalé' means 'I will eat' (used here as 'I have not yet eaten'), 'le-daber' means 'to speak', 'el libi' means 'to my heart', 've-hine' means 'and behold', 'Rivka' is the proper name Rebecca, 'yotset' means 'goes out', 've-kaddah' means 'and she lifts/draws', 'al shikmah' means 'upon her shoulder', 'va-tered' means 'and she went down', 'ha-ayin' means 'the eye', 'va-tishav' means 'and swallowed', 'va-omar' means 'and I said', 'eleha' means 'to her', 'hashkiní' means 'give me a drink', 'na' means 'please'.
[GEN.24.46] She hurried, lowered her hand from above her, and said, 'Drink; and also I will give your camels a drink, and I will also drink, and also she gave drink to the camels.' [§]
Va-temaher va-tored kadah me-aleha va-toamer shteh ve-gam gemalekha ashkeh va-esht ve-gam ha-gemalim hishqatah.
'Va' means 'and', 'temaher' means 'she hurried', 'va-tored' means 'and she lowered', 'kadah' means 'her hand', 'me-aleha' means 'from above her', 'va-toamer' means 'and she said', 'shteh' means 'drink', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'gemalekha' means 'your camels', 'ashkeh' means 'I will give drink', 'va-esht' means 'and I will also drink', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'ha-gemalim' means 'the camels', 'hishqatah' means 'she gave drink'.
[GEN.24.47] And I asked her and said, daughter of whom are you? And she answered, daughter of Betuel son of Nahor, who bore him of Milcah; and I placed the nose-ring upon her mouth and the bracelets upon her hands. [§]
Vaeshal ota veomar bat-mi at? Vataomer bat Betuel ben Nachor asher yalda-lo milcha vaashim hanzezam al-apa vehatzemidim al-yadeha.
'Vaeshal' means 'and I asked', 'ota' means 'her', 'veomar' means 'and I said', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'mi' means 'of whom', 'at' means 'you', 'Vataomer' means 'and she answered', 'bat Betuel' means 'daughter of Betuel', 'ben Nachor' means 'son of Nahor', 'asher' means 'who', 'yalda-lo' means 'brought him forth', 'milcha' means 'of Milcah', 'vaashim' means 'and I placed', 'hanzezam' means 'the nose-ring', 'al-apa' means 'upon her mouth', 'vehatzemidim' means 'and the bracelets', 'al-yadeha' means 'upon her hands'.
[GEN.24.48] I bowed and worshiped Yahveh and blessed Yahveh, the God of my Lord Abraham, who guided me in the way of truth, to take the daughter of my Lord's brother for his son. [§]
vaekod vashtachave laYahveh vaavarekh et Yahveh Elohei Adoni Avraham asher hinchani bederakh emet lakachat et bat achi Adoni livno.
'vaekod' means 'and I bowed', 'vashtachave' means 'and I worshiped', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'vaavarekh' means 'and I blessed', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'the God of', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'asher' means 'who', 'hinchani' means 'guided me', 'bederakh' means 'in the way', 'emet' means 'truth', 'lakachat' means 'to take', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'achi' means 'brother', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'livno' means 'for his son'.
[GEN.24.49] Now, if there is someone who does kindness and truth to my Lord, tell me; but if not, tell me, and I will turn on the right or on the left. [§]
ve'atah im yishkem osim chesed veemet et-Adoni hagidu li ve'im lo hagidu li ve'efneh al-yamin o al-smol.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'im' means 'if', 'yishkem' means 'there is', 'osim' means 'does', 'chesed' means 'kindness', 'veemet' means 'and truth', 'et-Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'hagidu' means 'tell', 'li' means 'to me', 've'im' means 'but if', 'lo' means 'not', 've'efneh' means 'I will turn', 'al-yamin' means 'on the right', 'o' means 'or', 'al-smol' means 'on the left'.
[GEN.24.50] And Laban and Bethuel answered and said, From Yahveh has come the matter; we cannot speak to you good or bad. [§]
vaya'an Lavan u'vetuel vayomru meYahveh yatza ha-davar lo nuchal daber eilekha ra o-tov.
'vaya'an' means 'and answered', 'Lavan' is the proper name Laban, 'u'vetuel' means 'and Bethuel', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'meYahveh' means 'from Yahveh' (YHVH translated as Yahveh), 'yatza' means 'has come', 'ha-davar' means 'the matter' or 'the thing', 'lo' means 'not', 'nuchal' means 'we are able' or 'we can', 'daber' means 'to speak', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'ra' means 'evil' or 'bad', 'o-tov' means 'or good'.
[GEN.24.51] Behold Rebecca is before you; take her and go, that she may become a wife for the son of your lord, as Yahveh said. [§]
Hineh Rivkah lefanekha kach v'lekh utehi isha leven adonekha ka'asher diber Yahveh.
'Hineh' means 'behold', 'Rivkah' is the name Rebecca, 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'kach' means 'take', 'v'lekh' means 'and go', 'utehi' means 'and be', 'isha' means 'a wife' or 'woman', 'leven' means 'for a son', 'adonekha' means 'of your lord' (your master), 'ka'asher' means 'as which' or simply 'as', 'diber' means 'spoke' or 'said', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[GEN.24.52] And it happened, as Abraham's servant heard their words, he bowed himself on the land to Yahveh. [§]
Vayehi ka'asher shama eved Avraham et-dibreihem vayishtachu artzah laYahveh.
'Vayehi' means 'it was' or 'and it happened', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'when', 'shama' means 'heard', 'eved' means 'servant', 'Avraham' is the name 'Abraham', 'et-dibreihem' means 'their words', 'vayishtachu' means 'and he bowed (himself)', 'artzah' means 'the land' (here indicating the place of bowing), 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God).
[GEN.24.53] The servant went out with silver vessels and gold vessels and garments and gave them to Rebecca, and gave towers to her brother and to her mother. [§]
Vayotze ha'eved keli kesef u'keli zahav u'vegadim vayiten leRivkah u'migdanot natan le'achihah u'le'imaah.
'Vayotze' means 'and went out', 'ha'eved' means 'the servant', 'keli' means 'vessels' or 'tools', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'u'keli' means 'and vessels', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'u'vegadim' means 'and garments', 'vayiten' means 'and gave', 'leRivkah' means 'to Rebecca', 'u'migdanot' means 'and towers' (some translate as 'jewelry' or 'ornaments'), 'natan' means 'gave', 'le'achihah' means 'to her brother', 'u'le'imaah' means 'and to her mother'.
[GEN.24.54] They ate and drank, he and the men who were with him; and they lodged, and they rose early in the morning, and he said, 'Send me to my Lord.' [§]
Vayochlu vayishtu hu veha'anashim asher-immo vayalinú vayakumu baboker vayomar shal'khuni la'adoni.
'Vayochlu' means 'they ate', 'vayishtu' means 'they drank', 'hu' means 'he', 'veha'anashim' means 'and the men', 'asher-immo' means 'who were with him', 'vayalinú' means 'they lodged', 'vayakumu' means 'they rose', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vayomar' means 'and he said', 'shal'khuni' means 'send me', 'la'adoni' means 'to my Lord' (the word adoni is rendered as 'my Lord' according to the prescribed literal translation of the divine name).
[GEN.24.55] And her brother and her mother said, "Let the maiden stay with us for days or ten, then you will go." [§]
Vayomer achiyah ve'imah teshev han'ara itanu yamim o asor achar telech.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'achiyah' means 'her brother', 've'imah' means 'and her mother', 'teshev' means 'you (feminine) will sit or stay', 'han'ara' means 'the maiden', 'itanu' means 'with us', 'yamim' means 'days', 'o' means 'or', 'asor' means 'ten', 'achar' means 'after', 'telech' means 'you will go'.
[GEN.24.56] And he said to them, Do not delay me, and Yahveh succeeded my way, send me, and I will go to my Lord. [§]
Vayomer alehem al-teacharu oti vYahveh hitslich darchi shalchuni veelechah laAdoni.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'al-teacharu' means 'do not delay', 'oti' means 'me', 'vYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'hitslich' means 'succeeded' or 'made prosper', 'darchi' means 'my way', 'shalchuni' means 'send me' or 'let me go', 'veelechah' means 'and I will go', 'laAdoni' means 'to my Lord'. The name Yahveh follows the prescribed translation for YHVH, and Adoni follows the translation for Adonai as 'my Lord'.
[GEN.24.57] And they said, let us call the young man and we will ask his mouth. [§]
Vayomeru nikra lanara venishalah etpihah.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'nikra' means 'let us call', 'lanara' means 'to the young man', 'venishalah' means 'and we will ask', 'etpihah' combines the object marker 'et' with 'pihah' meaning 'his mouth'.
[GEN.24.58] And they called to Rebecca and said to her, 'Will you go with this man?' And she said, 'I will go.' [§]
Vayikreu leRivka vayomru eleha hatelechi im haish hazeh vatoamer elech.
'Vayikreu' means 'and they called', 'leRivka' means 'to Rebecca', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'eleha' means 'to her', 'hatelechi' means 'will you go?' (feminine), 'im' means 'with', 'haish' means 'the man', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'elech' means 'I will go'.
[GEN.24.59] And they sent Rebekah, their sister, and her maidservant, and Abraham's servant, and his men. [§]
Vayshalchu et Rivkah achotam ve et Meniktah ve et Eved Avraham ve et Anashav.
'Vayshalchu' means 'and they sent', 'et' is a direct object marker (untranslated), 'Rivkah' is the personal name Rebekah, 'achotam' means 'their sister', 've' means 'and', 'Meniktah' means 'her maidservant', 'Eved' means 'servant', 'Avraham' is the personal name Abraham, 'Anashav' means 'his men'.
[GEN.24.60] They blessed Rebekah and said to her, 'Our sister, may you become mother of countless thousands, and may your offspring inherit the gate of his enemies.' [§]
vayevarkhu et Rivka vayomru lah achotenu at hi le'alfei revava ve'yirash zar'ekh et sha'ar sonav.
'vayevarkhu' means 'they blessed', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Rivka' is the name Rebekah, 'vayomru' means 'they said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'achotenu' means 'our sister', 'at' means 'you', 'hi' means 'will be' or 'shall be', 'le'alfei' means 'to thousands of', 'revava' means 'many' or 'myriad', 've'yirash' means 'and may inherit', 'zar'ekh' means 'your seed' or 'your offspring', 'et' again the object marker, 'sha'ar' means 'gate', and 'sonav' means 'his enemies'.
[GEN.24.61] And Rebekah rose, and her maidens, and they mounted the camels, and they went after the man, and the servant took Rebekah, and went. [§]
Vataqam Rivkaha ve-na'aroteha vatrikavnah al-ha-gmelim vatelekhna acharei ha-ish vayikach ha-aved et Rivkaha vayelek.
'Vataqam' means 'and she rose', 'Rivkaha' means 'Rebekah', 've-na'aroteha' means 'and her maidens', 'vatrikavnah' means 'and they mounted them', 'al-ha-gmelim' means 'upon the camels', 'vatelekhna' means 'and they went', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'vayikach' means 'and the servant took', 'ha-aved' means 'the servant', 'et' is a marker of the direct object (not translated), the second 'Rivkaha' again means 'Rebekah', and 'vayelek' means 'and went'.
[GEN.24.62] And Isaac came from the well of the living water that he saw, and he dwelt in the land of the south. [§]
ve-yitzchak ba mi-vo be'er lachai ro'i ve-hu yoshev be'eretz ha-negev.
've-yitzchak' means 'and Isaac', 'ba' means 'came', 'mi-vo' means 'from the well', 'be'er' means 'well', 'lachai' means 'of the living', 'ro'i' means 'that I saw' or 'that he saw', 've-hu' means 'and he', 'yoshev' means 'dwelt' or 'settled', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'ha-negev' means 'the south' or 'the Negev region'.
[GEN.24.63] And Isaac went out to the field toward evening; he lifted his eyes and saw, and behold, camels were coming. [§]
Vayetze Yitzchak lasuach basadeh lifnot erev vayisa einav vayyar vehineh gemalim baim.
'Vayetze' means 'and he went out', 'Yitzchak' is the name 'Isaac', 'lasuach' means 'to go out' or 'to dwell', 'basadeh' means 'in the field', 'lifnot' means 'toward evening' (lit. 'before evening'), 'erev' means 'evening', 'vayisa' means 'and he lifted', 'einav' means 'his eyes', 'vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'gemalim' means 'camels', 'baim' means 'are coming'.
[GEN.24.64] And Rebekah lifted her eyes, and she saw Isaac, and she fell from the camel. [§]
Vatis'sa Rivkah et-eineha vate're et-Yitzchak vati'pol me'al ha-gamal.
'Vatis'sa' means 'and she lifted/raised', 'Rivkah' means 'Rebekah', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'eineha' means 'her eyes', 'vate're' means 'and she saw', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'vati'pol' means 'and she fell', 'me'al' means 'from upon', 'ha-gamal' means 'the camel'.
[GEN.24.65] And she said to the servant, 'Who is this man walking in the field to meet us?' And the servant answered, 'He is my Lord,' and she took the staff and covered herself. [§]
va-tomer el-haeved mi-ha-ish ha-lazeh ha-holekh ba-sadeh likra'eteinu va-yomer haeved hu adoni va-tikach ha-tsa'if va-titkhas.
'va-tomer' means 'and she said', 'el' means 'to', 'haeved' means 'the servant', 'mi' means 'who', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'ha-lazeh' means 'this', 'ha-holekh' means 'walking', 'ba-sadeh' means 'in the field', 'likra' means 'to meet', 'eteinu' means 'us', 'va-yomer' means 'and he said', 'haeved' again 'the servant', 'hu' means 'he', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'va-tikach' means 'and she took', 'ha-tsa'if' means 'the staff', 'va-titkhas' means 'and she covered herself'.
[GEN.24.66] And the servant told Isaac all the things that he had done. [§]
Vayesapper ha evod le Yitzchak et kol ha dvarim asher asah.
'Vayesapper' means 'and he recounted', 'ha evod' means 'the servant', 'le Yitzchak' means 'to Isaac', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha dvarim' means 'the things', 'asher' means 'that', 'asah' means 'he did' or 'he had done'.
[GEN.24.67] And Isaac brought her into the tent of his mother Sarah, and he took Rebekah and she became his wife, and he loved her, and Isaac was comforted after his mother. [§]
Va-yevi'ehah Yitschak ha-ohehla Sarah imo vayikach et Rivkah vatehi-lo le-ishah vay-e'ehaveh vayinnahem Yitschak acharay imo.
'Va-yevi'ehah' means 'and he brought', 'Yitschak' means 'Isaac', 'ha-ohehla' means 'the tent', 'Sarah' means 'Sarah', 'imo' means 'his mother', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Rivkah' means 'Rebekah', 'vatehi-lo' means 'and she became to him', 'le-ishah' means 'as a wife', 'vay-e'ehaveh' means 'and he loved her', 'vayinnahem' means 'and he was comforted', 'acharay' means 'after', 'imo' means 'his mother'.
GEN.25
[GEN.25.1] And Abraham added, and he took a wife, and her name was Keturah. [§]
Vayosef Avraham vayikach isha ushma Keturah.
'Vayosef' means 'and he added', 'Avraham' is the personal name Abraham, 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'isha' means 'a woman' (used here for wife), 'ushema' means 'and her name', 'Keturah' is the personal name Keturah.
[GEN.25.2] And she bore to him Zimran, and Yakshan, and Medan, and Midyan, and Yishbak, and Shuh. [§]
vattelid lo et Zimran ve'et Yakshan ve'et Medan ve'et Midyan ve'et Yishbak ve'et Shuh.
'vattelid' means 'and she gave birth', 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is a grammatical marker indicating the direct object (often rendered as the definite article in English), 'Zimran', 'Yakshan', 'Medan', 'Midyan', 'Yishbak', and 'Shuh' are proper names of the children.
[GEN.25.3] And Yaqshan fathered Sheba and Dedan; and the sons of Dedan were Ashurites, Lutushim, and Ommim. [§]
Veyikshan yalad et Sheva ve et Deden u'vnei Deden hayu Ashurim u'ltushim u'omim.
'Veyikshan' means 'and Yaqshan'; 'yalad' means 'fathered'; 'et' is a direct object marker (not rendered in English); 'Sheva' means 'Sheba'; 've' means 'and'; 'et' again is the marker; 'Deden' means 'Dedan'; 'u'vnei' means 'and the sons of'; the second 'Deden' repeats the name 'Dedan'; 'hayu' means 'were'; 'Ashurim' means 'the Ashurites'; 'u'ltushim' means 'and the Lutushim'; 'u'omim' means 'and the Ommim'.
[GEN.25.4] And the sons of Midian—Eifah, Epher, Hanokh, Abida, and Eldad—these all were the children of Keturah. [§]
Uvenei Midyan Eifah vaEpher vaChanokh vaAvida veEldaah kol-elleh Benei Ketura.
'Uvenei' means 'and the sons/children of', 'Midyan' is the name Midian, 'Eifah' is a personal name, 'vaEpher' means 'and Epher', 'vaChanokh' means 'and Hanokh', 'vaAvida' means 'and Abida', 'veEldaah' means 'and Eldad', 'kol-elleh' means 'all these', 'Benei' means 'the children of', 'Ketura' is the name Keturah.
[GEN.25.5] And Abraham gave all that was his to Isaac. [§]
Vayiten Avraham et kol asher lo leYitzchak.
"Vayiten" means "and he gave", "Avraham" is the name Abraham, "et" is the direct‑object marker, "kol" means "all", "asher" means "that which", "lo" means "his", "leYitzchak" means "to Isaac".
[GEN.25.6] And to the sons of the tribes that belong to Abraham, Abraham gave gifts, and he sent them away from Isaac his son while he was still alive, early to the land of the east. [§]
Ve livnei ha pilagshim asher le Avraham natan Avraham matanot vey shalcheim me al Yitzchak beno be odenu chai kedma el eretz kedem.
'Ve' means 'and', 'livnei' means 'to the sons', 'ha' means 'the', 'pilagshim' means 'tribes', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'le' means 'to' or 'for', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'natan' means 'gave', the second 'Avraham' repeats the name 'Abraham', 'matanot' means 'gifts', 'vey' means 'and', 'shalcheim' means 'he sent them away', 'me' means 'from', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'beno' means 'his son', 'be' means 'in' or 'while', 'odenu' means 'while he still', 'chai' means 'alive', 'kedma' means 'early' or 'before', 'el' means 'to', 'eretz' means 'land', 'kedem' means 'east' or 'ancient'.
[GEN.25.7] And these are the days of the life of Abraham, who lived a hundred years and seventy years and five years. [§]
Ve'eleh yemei shnei chayei Avraham asher chai me'ah shanah ve'shiv'im shanah ve'chamesh shanim.
'Ve'eleh' means 'and these', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'shnei' means 'the two', 'chayei' means 'of life', together 'shnei chayei' is an idiom meaning 'the days of the life', 'Avraham' is the name 'Abraham', 'asher' means 'who', 'chai' means 'lived', 'me'ah' means 'a hundred', 'shanah' means 'year', 've'shiv'im' means 'and seventy', another 'shanah' means 'year', 've'chamesh' means 'and five', and 'shanim' means 'years'.
[GEN.25.8] And he grew old and died Abraham in a good old age, old and satisfied, and he was gathered to his people. [§]
Vayigve'a vayamat Avraham be sheiva tovah zaken ve savaa vayeyasaf el amav.
'Vayigve'a' means 'and he grew old', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'Avraham' is the proper name Abraham, 'be sheiva' means 'in a good old age', 'tovah' means 'good', 'zaken' means 'old', 've savaa' means 'and satisfied', 'vayeyasaf' means 'and he was gathered', 'el' means 'to', 'amav' means 'his people'.
[GEN.25.9] Isaac and his son Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron the Hittite, which is before Mamre. [§]
vayikberu oto Yitzchak veYishmael banav el-Ma'arat haMakphela el-sde Ephron ben-Tochar haChitti asher al-penei Mamrea.
'vayikberu' means 'and they buried', 'oto' means 'him', 'Yitzchak' is the name Isaac, 'veYishmael' means 'and Ishmael', 'banav' means 'his son', 'el-Ma'arat' means 'to the cave of', 'haMakphela' means 'the Makphela (Machpelah)', 'el-sde' means 'to the field of', 'Ephron' is a proper name, 'ben-Tochar' means 'son of Tochar', 'haChitti' means 'the Hittite', 'asher' means 'which', 'al-penei' means 'before the face of', 'Mamrea' means 'Mamre'.
[GEN.25.10] The field which Abraham bought from the sons of Heth; there Abraham buried Sarah his wife. [§]
Hasadeh asher kanah Avraham me'et Benei Chet shamah kubar Avraham veSara ishto.
'Hasadeh' means 'the field', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'kanah' means 'bought', 'Avraham' is the proper name 'Abraham', 'me'et' means 'from', 'Benei Chet' means 'the sons of Heth', 'shamah' means 'there', 'kubar' means 'was buried', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'Sara' is the proper name 'Sarah', 'ishto' means 'his wife'.
[GEN.25.11] And it was after the death of Abraham, and the Gods blessed Isaac his son, and Isaac dwelt with the well of the living seer. [§]
Vayehi acharé mot Avraham vayvarech Elohim et Yitzhak beno vayyeshav Yitzhak im be'er lechai ro'i.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'acharé' means 'after', 'mot' means 'death', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'vayvarech' means 'and blessed', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is an object marker with no English equivalent, 'Yitzhak' is the name Isaac, 'beno' means 'his son', 'vayyeshav' means 'and dwelt', 'im' means 'with', 'be'er' means 'well', 'lechai' means 'living', 'ro'i' means 'seer' or 'one who sees'.
[GEN.25.12] These are the generations of Ishmael, Abraham's son, who was born to Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah's servant, for Abraham. [§]
ve'eleh toledot Yishmael ben Avraham asher yaldah Hagar haMitzrit shifchat Sarah leAvraham.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'toledot' means 'generations' or 'descendants', 'Yishmael' is the personal name Ishmael, 'ben' means 'son', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'yaldah' means 'gave birth to', 'Hagar' is a proper name, 'haMitzrit' means 'the Egyptian', 'shifchat' means 'servant' or 'bondwoman', 'Sarah' is a proper name, 'leAvraham' means 'to Abraham' indicating the father.
[GEN.25.13] And these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names for their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth, and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam. [§]
ve'eleh shemot b'nei Yishmael bishmotam le'toldotam be'khor Yishmael Nebayot veKedar veAdbeel uMivsham.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'shemot' means 'names', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons', 'Yishmael' is the personal name Ishmael, 'bishmotam' means 'by their names', 'le'toldotam' means 'for their generations', 'be'khor' means 'the firstborn', 'Nebayot' is the name Nebaioth, 'veKedar' means 'and Kedar', 'veAdbeel' means 'and Adbeel', 'uMivsham' means 'and Mibsam'.
[GEN.25.14] and hear, and silence, and burden. [§]
umishma ve duma u massa.
'umishma' means 'and hear' (the verb שמע in the infinitive construct with a prefixed vav meaning "and"), 've duma' means 'and silence' (the noun דומה meaning "silence" or "dumbness" with a prefixed vav), 'u massa' means 'and burden' (the noun משא meaning "burden" or "load" with a prefixed vav).
[GEN.25.15] Sharp and eastward the serpent will turn forward. [§]
chadad ve teima yetur napish va kedma.
'chadad' means 'sharp' or 'pointed', 've' means 'and', 'teima' denotes 'eastward' or 'to the east', 'yetur' is a verb form meaning 'will turn' or 'will be twisted', 'napish' refers to 'a serpent' or 'snake', 'va' means 'and', 'kedma' means 'forward' or 'toward the front'. The phrase appears to describe a sharp, eastward‑directed motion of a twisting serpent moving forward.
[GEN.25.16] These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names in their courtyards and pens, twelve chiefs of their nations. [§]
Eleh hem b'nei Yishmael ve'eleh shemotam b'chatzeirehem u'v'tirotam shnei-aser nesiaim le'umotam.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'hem' means 'they are', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Yishmael' is the name Ishmael, 've'eleh' means 'and these', 'shemotam' means 'their names', 'b'chatzeirehem' means 'in their courtyards', 'u'v'tirotam' means 'and in their pens', 'shnei-aser' means 'twelve', 'nesiaim' means 'chiefs' or 'leaders', 'le'umotam' means 'of their nations'.
[GEN.25.17] These are the two lives of Ishmael: a hundred years and thirty years and seven years; he grew old and died and was gathered to his people. [§]
ve'eleh shnei chayei Yishma'el me'at shanah u'shloshim shanah ve'sheva shanim vayigva vayamat vay'asef el-amav.
've'eleh' means 'these', 'shnei' means 'two', 'chayei' means 'lives', 'Yishma'el' is the personal name 'Ishmael', 'me\'at' means 'a hundred', 'shanah' means 'year', 'u'shloshim' means 'and thirty', the second 'shanah' again means 'year', 've'sheva' means 'and seven', 'shanim' means 'years', 'vayigva' means 'and he grew old', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'vay'asef' means 'and he was gathered', 'el' means 'to', and 'amav' means 'his people'.
[GEN.25.18] And they dwelt from Havilah to Shur, which is on the face of Egypt; they went down to Assur on the face of all his brothers, and fell. [§]
Vayishkenu mechavila ad shur asher al pnei mitzrayim boacha ashura al pnei kol echav nafal.
'Vayishkenu' means 'and they dwelt', 'mechavila' means 'from Havilah', 'ad' means 'to', 'shur' is a place name, 'asher' means 'which', 'al pnei' means 'on the face of', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'boacha' means 'went down' or 'descended', 'ashura' is the name 'Assur', the second 'al pnei' repeats 'on the face of', 'kol' means 'all', 'echav' means 'brothers', and 'nafal' means 'fell'.
[GEN.25.19] And these are the generations of Isaac, son of Abraham; Abraham fathered Isaac. [§]
ve'eleh toldot Yitzchak ben Avraham Avraham holid et Yitzchak.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'toldot' means 'generations' or 'descendants', 'Yitzchak' is the proper name Isaac, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Avraham' is the proper name Abraham, the second 'Avraham' repeats the name, 'holid' means 'fathered' or 'begot', and 'et' is a grammatical marker indicating the direct object, here attached to 'Yitzchak' meaning 'Isaac'.
[GEN.25.20] Now Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebecca, daughter of Betuel the Aramean, from Paddan Aram, sister of Laban the Aramean, to be his wife. [§]
Vayehi Yitzhak ben-arba'im shanah bekachto et Rivkah bat Betuel ha-Arami mipaddan Aram achot Lavan ha-Arami lo leisha.
'Vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'Yitzhak' is the proper name Isaac, 'ben' means 'son', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'bekachto' means 'when he took', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Rivkah' is the proper name Rebecca, 'bat' means 'daughter of', 'Betuel' is the proper name Betuel, 'ha-Arami' means 'the Aramean', 'mipaddan' means 'from Paddan', 'Aram' is the region Aram, 'achot' means 'sister of', 'Lavan' is the proper name Laban, second 'ha-Arami' again means 'the Aramean', 'lo' means 'for him', and 'leisha' means 'as a wife'.
[GEN.25.21] And Isaac prayed to Yahveh on behalf of his wife, because she was barren; and Yahveh answered him, and Rebekah his wife conceived. [§]
Va-ye'atar Yitzchak la-Yahveh le-nokhakh ishto ki akarah hi ve-ye'atar lo Yahveh va-tahar Rivkah ishto.
'Va-ye'atar' means 'and he prayed', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH translated literally as Yahveh), 'le-nokhakh' means 'on behalf of', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'ki' means 'because', 'akarah' means 'barren', 'hi' means 'she', 've-ye'atar' means 'and answered', 'lo' means 'him', 'Yahveh' again is the literal translation of YHVH, 'va-tahar' means 'and she conceived', 'Rivkah' means 'Rebekah', 'ishto' means 'his wife'.
[GEN.25.22] The children rushed into her midst, and she said, "If so, why am I this?" And she went to seek the Yahveh. [§]
Vayitrotzatsu habbanim beqirbah vatomer im-ken lama zeh anochi vatelekh lidrosh et-Yahveh.
'Vayitrotzatsu' means 'and the children rushed', 'habbanim' means 'the children', 'beqirbah' means 'into her midst', 'vatomer' means 'and she said', 'im-ken' means 'if so', 'lama' means 'why', 'zeh' means 'this', 'anochi' means 'I am', 'vatelekh' means 'and she went', 'lidrosh' means 'to seek/inquire', 'et-Yahveh' means 'the Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh).
[GEN.25.23] Yahveh said to her, 'Two nations are in your womb and two peoples from your loins shall be divided; a people shall be strong from a people, and many shall serve the young.' [§]
Vayomer Yahveh lah shenei goyim bevitnekha u'shenei le'umim mimme'ayikh yiparedu u'leom mil'om ye'ematz verav ya'avod tza'ir.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'lah' means 'to her', 'shenei' means 'two', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'bevitnekha' means 'in your womb', 'u'shenei' means 'and two', 'le'umim' means 'to peoples', 'mimme'ayikh' means 'from your loins', 'yiparedu' means 'they shall be divided', 'u'leom' means 'and to a people', 'mil'om' means 'from a people', 'ye'ematz' means 'shall be strong', 'verav' means 'and many', 'ya'avod' means 'shall work' or 'shall serve', 'tza'ir' means 'young'.
[GEN.25.24] And her days were filled for childbirth, and behold a fetus in her womb. [§]
vayimm'leu yameha lal'det vehineh tomm be'vitnah.
'vayimm'leu' means 'and (they) were filled', 'yameha' means 'her days', 'lal'det' means 'to give birth', together indicating 'her days were filled for childbirth'; 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'tomm' means 'a fetus' (an unborn child), 'be'vitnah' means 'in her womb'.
[GEN.25.25] And the first one went out red all over like a cloak of hair, and they called his name Esau. [§]
Va-yetzey ha-rishon admoni kulo ke-aderet se'ar vayikreu shmo Esav.
'Va-yetzey' means 'and went out', 'ha-rishon' means 'the first', 'admoni' means 'red', 'kulo' means 'all', 'ke-aderet' means 'like a cloak', 'se'ar' means 'hair', 'vayikreu' means 'and they called', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'Esav' is a proper name meaning 'hairy'.
[GEN.25.26] And after that his brother went out, and his hand grasping the heel of Esau, and he called his name Jacob; and Isaac was sixty years old when they were born. [§]
ve'acharei-ken yatza achiv ve'yado ochezet ba'akev esav vayikra shmo Ya'akov ve'yitzhak ben shishim shanah be'ledet otam.
've'acharei' means 'and after', 'ken' means 'that', 'yatza' means 'went out', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 've'yado' means 'and his hand', 'ochezet' means 'grasping' or 'holding', 'ba'akev' means 'the heel', 'esav' is the name Esau, 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'Ya'akov' is the name Jacob, 've'yitzhak' means 'and Isaac', 'ben' means 'was', 'shishim' means 'sixty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'be'ledet' means 'when they were born', 'otam' means 'them'.
[GEN.25.27] The youths grew, and Esau was a man who knew hunting, a man of the field; and Jacob was a plain man dwelling in tents. [§]
Vayigdelu hane'arim vayhi Esav ish yodea tzaid ish sadeh vYaakov ish tam yoshev ohalim.
'Vayigdelu' means 'and they grew', 'hane'arim' means 'the youths' or 'the children', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'Esav' is the name 'Esau', 'ish' means 'man', 'yodea' means 'knowing' or 'who knows', 'tzaid' means 'hunting', 'ish' again means 'man', 'sadeh' means 'field', 'vYaakov' means 'and Jacob', 'ish' means 'man', 'tam' means 'simple' or 'plain', 'yoshev' means 'dwelling' or 'sitting', 'ohalim' means 'tents'.
[GEN.25.28] And Isaac loved Esau because of the game in his mouth, and Rebekah loved Jacob. [§]
Vayeheav Yitzchak et-Esav ki tziyd befi v'Rivka ohevet et-Yaakov.
'Vayeheav' means 'and loved', 'Yitzchak' is the name Isaac, 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'Esav' is Esau, 'ki' means 'because', 'tziyd' means 'game' or 'hunt', 'befi' means 'in his mouth', 'v'Rivka' means 'and Rebekah', 'ohevet' means 'loved', 'et' again the object marker, 'Yaakov' is Jacob.
[GEN.25.29] And Jacob was humbled, and Esau came from the field, and he was weary. [§]
vayyazd yaakov nazid vayyavo esav min hasadeh vehu ayif.
'vayyazd' is a verb form meaning 'and he was humbled' or 'and he humbled himself'; 'yaakov' is the name Jacob; 'nazid' means 'poor' or 'needy'; 'vayyavo' means 'and he came'; 'esav' is the name Esau; 'min' means 'from'; 'hasadeh' means 'the field'; 'vehu' means 'and he'; 'ayif' means 'tired' or 'weary'.
[GEN.25.30] And Esau said to Jacob, 'Please give me some of this red [food], for I am exhausted; therefore he called its name Edom.' [§]
Vayomer Esav el-Yaakov hal'itini na min ha'adom ha'adom hazeh ki ayef anochi; al-ken kara shemo Edom.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Esav' is the name Esau, 'el-Yaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'hal'itini' means 'please give me', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'please', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'adom' means 'the red', the second 'ha'adom' repeats for emphasis, 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'ayef' means 'I am exhausted' or 'I am faint', 'anochi' means 'I', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'kara' means 'he called', 'shemo' means 'its name', 'Edom' is the name meaning 'red'.
[GEN.25.31] And Jacob said, 'Sell today your firstborn to me.' [§]
Vayomer Yaakov mikrah kayom et bechoratekha li.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'mikrah' means 'sell', 'kayom' means 'today', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'bechoratekha' means 'your firstborn', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'.
[GEN.25.32] And Esau said, Behold, I am going to die, and why is this firstborn to me? [§]
vayomer esav hineh anochi holekh lamut velama-zeh li bekorah.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'esav' means 'Esau', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'holekh' means 'going', 'lamut' means 'to die', 've' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'lama' means 'why', 'zeh' means 'this', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'be' is a preposition meaning 'in' or 'as', 'korah' means 'firstborn'.
[GEN.25.33] And Jacob said, 'Swear to me today,' and he swore to him, and he sold his firstborn to Jacob. [§]
Vayomer Yaakov hishaveah li kayom vayishav lo vayimkor et-b'chorato leYaakov.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'hishaveah' means 'swore', 'li' means 'to me', 'kayom' means 'as today', 'vayishav' means 'and he swore', 'lo' means 'to him', 'vayimkor' means 'and he sold', 'et-b'chorato' means 'the firstborn', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob'.
[GEN.25.34] And Jacob gave Esau bread and a little stew, and he ate and drank, and he rose and went, and Esau despised the birthright. [§]
veYaakov natan leEsav lechem u nezzid adashim vayochal vayeshte vayakam vayelekh vayyivez Esav et-habekhorah.
'veYaakov' means 'and Jacob', 'natan' means 'gave', 'leEsav' means 'to Esau', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'u nezzid' means 'and a little', 'adashim' means 'stew' (literally 'meats'), 'vayochal' means 'and he ate', 'vayeshte' means 'and he drank', 'vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'vayyivez' means 'and he despised', 'Esav' is the name Esau, 'et-habekhorah' means 'the birthright'.
GEN.26
[GEN.26.1] And there was a famine in the land, besides the first famine that was in the days of Abraham; and Isaac went to Abimelech king of the Philistines at Gerar. [§]
Vayehi raav baaretz milvad haraav harishon asher haya bimei Avraham vayelech Yitzchak el Avimelech melek Philistim Gerar.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'raav' means 'famine', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'milvad' means 'besides' or 'apart from', 'haraav' means 'the famine', 'harishon' means 'the first', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'haya' means 'was', 'bimei' means 'in the days of', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'vayelech' means 'and went', 'Yitzchak' is the name Isaac, 'el' means 'to/toward', 'Avimelech' is the name Abimelech, 'melek' means 'king', 'Philistim' means 'of the Philistines', and 'Gerar' is the place name Gerar.
[GEN.26.2] And appeared to him Yahveh and said, "Do not go down to Egypt; dwell in the land that I am telling you." [§]
Va-ye-ra elav Yahveh va-yo-mer al-tereid Mitzrayimah she-kon ba-aretz asher o-mar e-lei-cha.
'Va' means 'and', 'ye-ra' means 'appeared', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'va-yo-mer' means 'and said', 'al' means 'do not', 'tereid' means 'descend/go down', 'Mitzrayimah' means 'Egypt', 'she-kon' means 'dwell', 'ba-aretz' means 'in the land', 'asher' means 'that', 'o-mar' means 'I say', 'e-lei-cha' means 'to you'.
[GEN.26.3] Go into this land, and I will be with you, and I will bless you, because to you and to your offspring I will give all the lands of the God, and I will establish the covenant that I swore to Abraham your father. [§]
Gur ba'aretz hazot ve'ehye imkha va'avorchekha ki lecha u'lezara'kha eten et-kol ha'aratzeit ha'el vahaqimoti et-hashvu'a asher nishba'ti le'Avraham avikha.
'Gur' means 'go', 'ba'aretz' means 'into the land', 'hazot' means 'this', 've'ehye' means 'and I will be', 'imkha' means 'with you', 'va'avorchekha' means 'and I will bless you', 'ki' means 'because', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'u'lezara'kha' means 'and to your offspring', 'eten' means 'I will give', 'et-kol' means 'all', 'ha'aratzeit' means 'the lands', 'ha'el' means 'the God', 'vahaqimoti' means 'and I will establish', 'et-hashvu'a' means 'the covenant', 'asher' means 'that', 'nishba'ti' means 'I swore', 'le'Avraham' means 'to Abraham', 'avikha' means 'your father'.
[GEN.26.4] I will multiply your seed like the stars of the heavens, and I will give to your seed all the earth, and may all the peoples of the earth be blessed in your seed. [§]
vehirbeyti et-zara\'kha ke-kokhvei ha-shamayim ve-natati le-zara\'kha et kol ha-aretzot ha-el ve-hitbarkhu be-zara\'kha kol goye ha-aretz.
'vehirbeyti' means 'I will multiply', 'et-zara\'kha' means 'your seed' (possessive), 'ke-kokhvei' means 'like the stars of', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 've-natati' means 'and I will give', 'le-zara\'kha' means 'to your seed', 'et kol' means 'all', 'ha-aretzot' means 'the lands' or 'the earth', 'ha-el' is a form meaning 'the whole', 've-hitbarkhu' means 'and may they be blessed', 'be-zara\'kha' means 'in your seed', 'kol goye' means 'all the peoples/nations', 'ha-aretz' means 'of the earth'.
[GEN.26.5] Because Abraham heard my voice and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my judgments. [§]
Ekev asher-shama Avraham be-koli vayishmor mishmarti mitzvotai chukotai ve-torotai.
'Ekev' means 'because', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'shama' means 'heard', together 'asher-shama' = 'that heard'. 'Avraham' is the personal name Abraham. 'be-koli' = 'my voice' (the speaker being God). 'vayishmor' = 'and he kept', 'mishmarti' = 'my charge' or 'my watch', 'mitzvotai' = 'my commandments', 'chukotai' = 'my statutes', 've-torotai' = 'and my judgments' (or teachings).
[GEN.26.6] And Isaac settled in Gerar. [§]
Vayeshev Yitzchak biGher.
'Vayeshev' means 'and dwelt' or 'and settled', 'Yitzchak' is the proper name 'Isaac', and 'biGher' means 'in Gerar' (a city/place).
[GEN.26.7] And the men of the place asked about his wife, and he said, My sister, because he feared to say, My wife, lest the men of the place would kill me because of Rachel, because she is beautiful. [§]
Vayisha'alu anshei ha-makom le'ishto vayomer achoti hi ki yarei lemor ishti pen yaharguni anshei ha-makom al-Rivkah ki tovot mareh hi.
'Vayisha'alu' means 'and they asked', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'le'ishto' means 'about his wife', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'achoti' means 'my sister', 'hi' means 'she', 'ki' means 'because', 'yarei' means 'he feared', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'ishti' means 'my wife', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yaharguni' means 'they would kill me', 'al' means 'because of', 'Rivkah' is the name 'Rachel', 'ki' means 'because', 'tovot' means 'beautiful', 'mareh' means 'appearance', 'hi' means 'she'.
[GEN.26.8] And it happened because the days were long there; and Avimelech king of the Philistines looked out over the valley, and he saw, and behold Isaac laughing at Rebekah his wife. [§]
Vayehi ki aarkhu-lo sham hayamim vayashkef Avimelech melekh Philistim be'ad hachalon vayyar vehineh Yitzchak metzachek et Rivkah ishto.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'aarkhu-lo' means 'they were long for him' (referring to the days), 'sham' means 'there', 'hayamim' means 'the days', 'vayashkef' means 'and he looked out', 'Avimelech' is a personal name, 'melekh' means 'king', 'Philistim' means 'of the Philistines', 'be'ad' means 'over' or 'in front of', 'hachalon' means 'the valley', 'vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'Yitzchak' is the name Isaac, 'metzachek' means 'laughing', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'Rivkah' is the name Rebekah, 'ishto' means 'his wife'.
[GEN.26.9] And Abimelech called to Isaac and said, "Only, behold, your wife—she is [the one]; and how did you say she is my sister?" And Isaac answered him, "Because I said, lest I die because of her." [§]
Vayikra Avimelekh leYitzchak vayomer akh hineh ishtecha hi ve'ech amarta achoti hi vayomer elav Yitzchak ki amarti pen amut alayah.
"Vayikra" means "and he called"; "Avimelekh" is a proper name meaning "my father is king"; "leYitzchak" means "to Isaac"; "vayomer" means "and he said"; "akh" means "only" or "just"; "hineh" means "behold"; "ishtecha" means "your wife"; "hi" means "she is"; "ve'ech" means "and how"; "amarta" means "you said"; "achoti" means "my sister"; "vayomer" again means "and he said"; "elav" means "to him"; "ki" means "because"; "amarti" means "I said"; "pen" means "lest"; "amut" means "I die"; "alayah" means "because of her".
[GEN.26.10] And Avimelek said, 'What is this you have done to us, as a little lying one of the people, with your wife, and you bring upon us guilt.' [§]
Vayomer Avimelek ma zot asita lanu kimat shakav achat haam et ishetka vehevetah alenu asham.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avimelek' is a personal name, 'ma' means 'what', 'zot' means 'this', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'kimat' means 'as a little', 'shakav' means 'lying', 'achat' means 'one', 'haam' means 'the people', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no direct English equivalent, 'ishetka' means 'your wife', 'vehevetah' means 'and you bring', 'alenu' means 'upon us', 'asham' means 'guilt' or 'sin'.
[GEN.26.11] And Abimelech commanded all the people, saying, whoever touches this man or his wife shall die. [§]
Vayetzav Avimelech et kol haam le'emor hanogea ba'ish hazeh uve'ishto mot yumat.
'Vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'Avimelech' is a proper name, 'et' is the accusative particle marking the direct object, 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'le'emor' means 'to say' or 'saying', 'hanogea' means 'the one who touches', 'ba'ish' means 'the man', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'uve'ishto' means 'and his wife', 'mot' means 'death', 'yumat' means 'will die'.
[GEN.26.12] And Isaac sowed in that land, and he found in that year one hundred gates, and Yahveh blessed him. [§]
vayizra Isaac baaretz hahihoo vayimtsa ba-shanah hahihoo meah shearim vayevarchhehu Yahveh.
'vayizra' means 'and he sowed', 'Isaac' is the patriarch's name, 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'hahihoo' means 'that' (referring to a specific land), 'vayimtsa' means 'and he found', 'ba-shanah' means 'in the year', 'meah' means 'one hundred', 'shearim' means 'gates', 'vayevarchhehu' means 'and he blessed him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH.
[GEN.26.13] And the man grew, and he walked, and he grew until he grew very much. [§]
vayyigdal ha'ish vayelekh halokh vegadel ad ki gadal meod.
'vayyigdal' means 'and he grew', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'halokh' means 'walking' (a noun with the definite article), 'vegedel' means 'and he grew', 'ad' means 'until', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'gadal' means 'he grew', 'meod' means 'very much'.
[GEN.26.14] He had flocks and cattle and many servants, and the Philistines envied him. [§]
Va-yehi lo mikneh tzon ve-mikneh bakar ve-avudah rabbah va-yeqaneu oto Philistim.
'Va-yehi' means 'and it was', 'lo' means 'to him' (here indicating possession, 'he had'), 'mikneh tzon' means 'flock of sheep', 've-mikneh bakar' means 'and herd of cattle', 've-avudah' means 'and (a) servant-hood' or 'and many servants', 'rabbah' means 'great' or 'many', 'va-yeqaneu' means 'and they envied', 'oto' means 'him', 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines'.
[GEN.26.15] And all the wells that his father's servants dug in the days of Abraham his father were stopped by the Philistines and they filled them with dust. [§]
vechol ha-be'rot asher chafar-u avdei aviv bimei Avraham aviv sit'emu pelistim vayemale'um afar.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'ha-be'rot' means 'the wells', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'chafar-u' means 'they dug', 'avdei' means 'servants of', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'bimei' means 'in the days of', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'aviv' means 'his father' (repeated for emphasis), 'sit'emu' means 'they stopped', 'pelistim' means 'the Philistines', 'vayemale'um' means 'and they filled them', 'afar' means 'with dust'.
[GEN.26.16] And Avimelech said to Isaac, go from us, because you have become greatly angry with us. [§]
vayomer Avimelech el Yitzchak lekh me'imanu ki-atzamta-mimmenu meod.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Avimelech' is a proper name, 'el' means 'to', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'lekh' means 'go', 'me'imanu' means 'from us', 'ki' means 'because', 'atzamta' means 'you have become angry', 'mimmenu' means 'with us', 'meod' means 'greatly'.
[GEN.26.17] And Isaac went from there, and dwelt by the stream of Gerar, and he sojourned there. [§]
Va-yeilech misham Yitzchak, va-yichan be-nachal Gerar, va-yeshev sham.
'Va-yeilech' means 'and he went', 'misham' means 'from there', 'Yitzchak' is the name 'Isaac', 'va-yichan' means 'and he dwelt' or 'settled', 'be-nachal' means 'by the stream/valley', 'Gerar' is a place name, 'va-yeshev' means 'and he sojourned' or 'lived', 'sham' means 'there'.
[GEN.26.18] And Isaac returned and dug the wells of the water that his father Abraham had dug in his days, and the Philistines stopped them after the death of Abraham, and he called them the names of the heavens which his father had called them. [§]
Vayyashav Yitzchak vayachpor et-be'ero-t-hmayim asher chafru bimei Avraham aviv veyasatemu p'lishtim acharei mavet Avraham vayikra lahen shemot kashmot asher kara lahen aviv.
'Vayyashav' means 'and Isaac returned', 'Yitzchak' is the name Isaac, 'vayachpor' means 'and he dug', 'et-be'ero-t-hmayim' means 'the wells of the water', 'asher' means 'that', 'chafru' means 'they dug', 'bimei' means 'in the days of', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'veyasatemu' means 'and they stopped them', 'p'lishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'acharei' means 'after', 'mavet' means 'the death of', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'lahaen' means 'them', 'shemot' means 'names', 'kashmot' means 'the heavens', 'asher' means 'that', 'kara' means 'he called', 'lahaen' means 'them', 'aviv' means 'his father'.
[GEN.26.19] And the servants of Isaac dug in the stream and there they found a well of living water. [§]
Vayachperu avdei Yitzchak ba-nachal vayimtzeu sham be'er mayim chayim.
"Vayachperu" means "and they dug", "avdei" means "the servants of", "Yitzchak" means "Isaac", "ba-nachal" means "in the stream", "vayimtzeu" means "and they found", "sham" means "there", "be'er" means "well", "mayim" means "water", "chayim" means "living".
[GEN.26.20] And the herdsmen of Gerar quarreled with the herdsmen of Isaac, saying, 'The water is ours.' And he called the name of the well Sheshak, because they quarreled with him. [§]
Vayarivu ro'ei Gerar im ro'ei Yitzchak le'amar la'anu hamayim vayikra shem-habe'er eshek ki hite'asek immo.
'Vayarivu' means 'and they quarreled', 'ro'ei' means 'herdsmen of', 'Gerar' is a place name, 'im' means 'with', 'ro'ei Yitzchak' means 'the herdsmen of Isaac', 'le'amar' means 'saying', 'la'anu' means 'for us' (implying 'the water is ours'), 'hamayim' means 'the water', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'shem-habe'er' means 'the name of the well', 'eshek' means 'quarrel', 'ki' means 'because', 'hite'asek' means 'they quarreled', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[GEN.26.21] And they dug another well, and disputed over it also, and called its name Strife. [§]
Vayachperu be'ir acheret vayarivu gam aleha vayikra shemah Sitnah.
'Vayachperu' means 'and they dug', 'be'ir' means 'in a well', 'acheret' means 'another', 'vayarivu' means 'and they disputed', 'gam' means 'also', 'aleha' means 'over it', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'shemah' means 'its name', 'Sitnah' means 'Strife'.
[GEN.26.22] He dug there another well and did not fill it up, and he called its name Rehoboth, saying, "Now Yahveh has made us spacious in the earth, and we shall prosper in the land." [§]
Vayaattek misham vayachpor be'er akheret velo rabu aleha vayikra shemah Rechovot vayomer ki-atah hirchiv Yahveh lanu uparinu baaretz.
'Vayaattek' means 'and he dug', 'misham' means 'from there', 'vayachpor' means 'and he dug a well', 'be'er' means 'well', 'akheret' means 'another', 'velo' means 'and not', 'rabu' means 'filled up', 'aleha' means 'on it', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'shemah' means 'its name', 'Rechovot' means 'broad places' or 'wide spaces', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ki-atah' means 'for now', 'hirchiv' means 'has made spacious', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lanu' means 'for us', 'uparinu' means 'we shall prosper', 'baaretz' means 'in the land'.
[GEN.26.23] He went up from there to the well of Shaveh. [§]
va ya'al mi sham be er shava.
'va' means 'and', 'ya'al' means 'he went up', 'mi' means 'from', 'sham' means 'there', 'be' means 'in' or 'at', 'er' means 'well', 'shava' is the proper name Shaveh referring to a specific well.
[GEN.26.24] And Yahveh appeared to him that night and said, I am the God of Abraham your father; do not be afraid, for I am with you; I will bless you and I will increase your offspring for Abraham my servant. [§]
Vayera elav Yahveh balaila hahou vayomer anochi Elohei Avraham avikha al tira ki ittcha anochi uve rachti kha vehirbeiti et zarakha ba'avur Avraham avdi.
'Vayera' means 'and appeared', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'balaila' means 'in the night', 'hahou' means 'that', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'anochi' means 'I am', 'Elohei' means 'God of' (from Elohim meaning the Gods), 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'al tira' means 'do not be afraid', 'ki' means 'because', 'ittcha' means 'with you', 'uve' means 'and I will', 'rachti' means 'bless you', 'kha' is a suffix meaning 'you', 'vehirbeiti' means 'and I will increase', 'et' is a particle marking the object, 'zarakha' means 'your offspring', 'ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'Avraham' again 'Abraham', 'avdi' means 'my servant'.
[GEN.26.25] He built there an altar and called it in the name Yahveh and pitched there his tent and the servants of Isaac dug a well. [§]
Vayiven sham mizbeach vayikra be-shem Yahveh vayet-sham ahalo vayikru-sham avdey Yitzchak be-er.
'Vayiven' means 'he built', 'sham' means 'there', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'be-shem' means 'in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayet' means 'and pitched', 'ahalo' means 'his tent', 'vayikru' means 'and they dug', 'avdey' means 'the servants of', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'be-er' means 'a well'.
[GEN.26.26] And Abimelech went to him from Gera, and his hold over his adversary, and Pichol, commander of his army. [§]
va'avimelekh halakh elav mig'rar va'achuzzat mere'ehhu u'pichol sar-tzavo.
'va'avimelekh' means 'and Abimelech', 'halakh' means 'went', 'elav' means 'to him', 'mig'rar' means 'from Gera', 'va'achuzzat' means 'and his hold/grip', 'mere'ehhu' means 'of his adversary', 'u'pichol' means 'and Pichol', 'sar-tzavo' means 'commander of his army'.
[GEN.26.27] And Isaac said to them, Why have you come to me, and you have hated me and sent me away from among you. [§]
vayomer alehem Yitzchak madua batei elai veatem snehatem oti vateshalkhuni meittechem.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Yitzchak' is the name 'Isaac', 'madua' means 'why', 'bata' means 'you have come', 'elai' means 'to me', 'veatem' means 'and you', 'snehatem' means 'have hated', 'oti' means 'me', 'vateshalkhuni' means 'and have sent me away', 'meittechem' means 'from among you'.
[GEN.26.28] And they said, 'We have seen, for Yahveh was with you; and we said, Let there be a covenant between us and you, and a covenant be cut with you.' [§]
vayomeru ra'o ra'inu ki-hayah Yahveh imakh vanomer tehi na alah beinoteinu beineinu uveinekha venikhratah brit imakh.
'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'ra''o' means 'we have seen', 'ra'inu' means 'we have looked', 'ki' means 'for', 'hayah' means 'was', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'imakh' means 'with you', 'vanomer' means 'and we said', 'tehi' means 'let it be', 'na' is a particle meaning 'please' or intensifier, 'alah' means 'a covenant', 'beinoteinu' means 'between us', 'beineinu' means 'between us' (reduplication for emphasis), 'uveinekha' means 'and between you', 'venikhratah' means 'and it shall be cut', 'brit' means 'covenant', 'imakh' again means 'with you'.
[GEN.26.29] If you do evil toward us, as we have not offended you, and as we have done only good toward you, and we send you away in peace, you now are blessed, Yahveh. [§]
Im ta'aseh imanu ra'ah ke'asher lo nega'nucha ve'ke'asher asinu imcha rak-tov vaneshalecha b'shalom atah attah b'ruch Yahveh.
'Im' means 'if'; 'ta'aseh' means 'you will do'; 'imanu' means 'with us'; 'ra'ah' means 'evil'; 'ke'asher' means 'as' or 'just as'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'nega'nucha' means 'we offend you' (negate with lo = 'we do not offend you'); 've'ke'asher' means 'and as'; 'asinu' means 'we have done'; 'imcha' means 'with you'; 'rak-tov' means 'only good'; 'vaneshalecha' means 'and we will send you away'; 'b'shalom' means 'in peace'; 'atah' means 'you'; 'attah' (עתה) means 'now'; 'b'ruch' means 'blessed'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[GEN.26.30] And he made a feast for them, and they ate and drank. [§]
Vayyaas lahem mishteh vayyochlu vayishtu.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'mishteh' means 'a feast', 'vayyochlu' means 'and they ate', 'vayishtu' means 'and they drank'.
[GEN.26.31] They rose early in the morning, and each man swore to his brother; Isaac sent them away, and they went out from him in peace. [§]
vayashkimu baboker vayishavu ish leachiv vayishalchem Yitzchak vayelechu meito bashalom.
'vayashkimu' means 'they rose', 'baboker' means 'early in the morning', 'vayishavu' means 'and they swore', 'ish' means 'a man', 'leachiv' means 'to his brother', 'vayishalchem' means 'and Isaac sent them away', 'Yitzchak' is the name 'Isaac', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went out', 'meito' means 'from him', 'bashalom' means 'in peace'.
[GEN.26.32] And it happened on that day that the servants of Isaac came and told him about the wells which they had dug, and said to him, We have found water. [§]
Vayehi bayom hahu vayavo'u avdei Yitzchak vayaggidu lo al odot hab'er asher chafar-u vayomru lo matsu mayim.
'Vayehi' means 'And it happened', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'vayavo'u' means 'they came', 'avdei' means 'the servants', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'vayaggidu' means 'and told', 'lo' means 'to him', 'al' means 'about', 'odot' means 'the wells', 'hab'er' means 'the well', 'asher' means 'which', 'chafar-u' means 'they had dug', 'vayomru' means 'and said', 'matsu' means 'we have found', 'mayim' means 'water'.
[GEN.26.33] And he called it Sheba, because the name of the city is the well of seven, until this day. [§]
Vayikra ota shiva al-ken shem ha'ir be'er sheva ad hayom hazeh.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'ota' means 'it' (feminine), 'shiva' is a proper name meaning 'seven', 'al-ken' means 'because', 'shem' means 'name', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'be'er' means 'well' or 'spring', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[GEN.26.34] Esau was forty years old, and he took a wife, Judith, daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath, daughter of Elon the Hittite. [§]
Vayehi Esau ben arbaim shanah vayikach isha et Yehudit bat Beeri ha chitti ve'et Basemath bat Elon ha chitti.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'Esau' is the personal name Esau, 'ben' means 'son (of)', 'arbaim' means 'forty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'isha' means 'a wife', 'et' is a marker of the direct object (not rendered in English), 'Yehudit' is the proper name Judith, 'bat' means 'daughter (of)', 'Beeri' is the proper name Beeri, 'ha' means 'the', 'chitti' means 'Hittite', 've'et' means 'and (the)', 'Basemath' is the proper name Basemath, 'Elon' is the proper name Elon, the second 'ha chitti' again means 'the Hittite'.
[GEN.26.35] And it became a bitter wind for Isaac and for Rebekah. [§]
vat tiheyena morat ruach leYitzchak ulerivkah.
'vat' means 'and', 'tiheyena' means 'it became', 'morat' means 'bitter', 'ruach' means 'wind' (or spirit), 'leYitzchak' means 'for Isaac', 'u' means 'and', 'lerivkah' means 'for Rebekah'.
GEN.27
[GEN.27.1] And it happened that Isaac was old, and his eyes grew dim, and he called Esau his elder son, and said to him, My son, and he said to him, Here I am. [§]
Vayehi ki zakaen Yitzchak vatikhen einav mer'ot vayikra et Esav beno hagadol vayomer elav beni vayomer elav hineni.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ki' means 'that', 'zakaen' means 'old', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'vatikhen' means 'and his eyes grew', 'einav' means 'his eyes', 'mer'ot' means 'dim', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Esav' means 'Esau', 'beno' means 'his son', 'hagadol' means 'the elder', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'beni' means 'my son', 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'elav' again 'to him', 'hineni' means 'here I am'.
[GEN.27.2] And he said, Behold, I am old; I do not know the day of my death. [§]
Vayomer hineh-na zakanti lo yada'ti yom moti.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'na' is an emphatic particle, 'zakanti' means 'I have grown old', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada'ti' means 'I know', 'yom' means 'day', 'moti' means 'of my death'.
[GEN.27.3] Now, please take your vessels, your plowshare, and your harness, go out into the field, and bring me a prey. [§]
ve'atah sa-na kelekha teliykha ve'kasheteka ve'tze ha-sade ve'tzudah li tzayda.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'sa-na' is the polite imperative 'take, please', 'kelekha' means 'your vessels or tools', 'teliykha' means 'your (plow)share or similar implement', 've'kasheteka' means 'and your harness/strap', 've'tze' means 'and go out', 'ha-sade' means 'the field', 've'tzudah' means 'and bring', 'li' means 'to me', and 'tzayda' means 'a prey or hunted animal'.
[GEN.27.4] Make for me dishes as I have loved, bring them to me, and I will eat, so that my soul may be blessed by you before I die. [§]
V'aseh li mat'amim ka'asher ahavti ve'haviyah li ve'ochela ba'avur tevarekha nafshi be'terem amut.
'V'aseh' means 'make', 'li' means 'for me', 'mat'amim' means 'dishes' or 'food', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'like', 'ahavti' means 'I have loved', 've'haviyah' means 'and bring (it)', 'li' again means 'to me', 've'ochela' means 'and I will eat', 'ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'tevarekha' means 'your blessing' (addressed to the beloved), 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'be'terem' means 'before', 'amut' means 'I die'.
[GEN.27.5] And Rebekah, hearing, listened as Isaac spoke to his son Esau, and Esau went out to the field to hunt for prey to bring. [§]
veRivka shomaat be-dabber Yitzchak el Esau be-no va-yeilech Esau ha-sadeh la-tsud tsayid le-havi.
'veRivka' means 'and Rebekah', 'shomaat' means 'hearing', 'be-dabber' means 'in speaking', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'el' means 'to', 'Esau' means 'Esau', 'be-no' means 'his son', 'va-yeilech' means 'and went', 'Esau' repeats the name, 'ha-sadeh' means 'the field', 'la-tsud' means 'to go out for', 'tsayid' means 'prey' or 'hunt', 'le-havi' means 'to bring'.
[GEN.27.6] And Rebekah said to Jacob her son, "Behold, I have heard your father speaking to Esau your brother, saying:". [§]
veRivka amra el Yaakov benah leemor hine shamati et avikha medaber el Esav achikha leemor.
'veRivka' means 'and Rebekah', 'amra' means 'said', 'el' means 'to', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'benah' means 'her son', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'hine' means 'behold', 'shamati' means 'I have heard', 'et' is a direct-object marker (no translation), 'avikha' means 'your father', 'medaber' means 'is speaking', 'el' means 'to', 'Esav' means 'Esau', 'achikha' means 'your brother', 'leemor' means 'saying'.
[GEN.27.7] Bring to me prey and make for me foods and I will eat and I will bless you before Yahveh before my death. [§]
habia li tzayid v'aseh-li mat'amim ve'ochelah va'averachkha lifnei Yahveh lifnei moti.
'habia' means 'bring', 'li' means 'to me', 'tzayid' means 'prey' or 'hunt', 'v'aseh-li' means 'and make for me', 'mat'amim' means 'foods' or 'dishes', 've'ochelah' means 'and I will eat', 'va'averachkha' means 'and I will bless you', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'moti' means 'my death'.
[GEN.27.8] Now, my son, hear my voice concerning what I command you. [§]
ve'atah b'ni shema beqoli la'aser ani metzavah otach.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'shema' means 'hear' (imperative), 'beqoli' means 'my voice', 'la'aser' means 'to that which' or 'concerning what', 'ani' means 'I', 'metzavah' means 'command' (first‑person present), 'otach' means 'you' (feminine object).
[GEN.27.9] Please go to the flock and take for me from there two good young goats, and I will make them a feast for your father as he loves. [§]
lekh na el-hatzon ve-kach li misham shnei gedaye ezim tovim ve-e'eseh otam mat'amim le'avikha ka'asher ohev
'lekh' means 'go', 'na' means 'please', 'el-hatzon' means 'to the flock', 've-kach' means 'and take', 'li' means 'for me', 'misham' means 'from there', 'shnei' means 'two', 'gedaye' means 'young male goats', 'ezim' means 'goats', 'tovim' means 'good', 've-e'eseh' means 'and I will make', 'otam' means 'them', 'mat'amim' means 'a feast' or 'a taste offering', 'le'avikha' means 'for your father', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'ohev' means 'he loves'.
[GEN.27.10] And you shall bring (it) to your father and you shall eat for the sake of that which will bless you before his death. [§]
veheveita leavikha ve'achal ba'avur asher yevarekhkha lifnei moto.
've' means 'and', 'heveita' means 'you will bring', 'leavikha' means 'to your father', 've' again means 'and', 'achal' means 'you will eat', 'ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yevarekhkha' means 'will bless you', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'moto' means 'his death'.
[GEN.27.11] And Jacob said to his mother Rebecca, Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man and I am a smooth man. [§]
Vayomer Yaakov el-Rivkah imo hen Esav achi ish saar ve-anochi ish chalak.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'el-Rivkah' means 'to Rebecca', 'imo' means 'his mother', 'hen' means 'behold', 'Esav' means 'Esau', 'achi' means 'my brother', 'ish' means 'man', 'saar' means 'hairy', 've-anochi' means 'and I', 'ish' means 'man', 'chalak' means 'smooth' or 'fair-skinned'.
[GEN.27.12] Perhaps my father may rebuke me, and I would be in his eyes like a liar, and I would bring upon myself a curse and no blessing. [§]
Ulay yemu'sheni Avi vehayiti be'einav kimtate'a veheveti alai kelala velo beracha.
'Ulay' means 'perhaps', 'yemu'sheni' means 'my father may rebuke me', 'Avi' means 'my father', 'vehayiti' means 'and I would be', 'be'einav' means 'in his eyes', 'kimtate'a' means 'like a liar', 'veheveti' means 'and I bring', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'kelala' means 'a curse', 'velo' means 'and not', 'beracha' means 'a blessing'.
[GEN.27.13] And his mother said to him, 'Upon me is your curse, my son; only listen to my voice and go, take (it) for me.' [§]
vata'omer lo imo alai kil'latekha beni ach shma be-koli ve-lekh kakh li
'vata'omer' means 'and she said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'imo' means 'his mother', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'kil'latekha' means 'your curse' or 'the curse on you', 'beni' means 'my son', 'ach' means 'only' or 'but', 'shma' means 'listen', 'be-koli' means 'my voice', 've-lekh' means 'go', 'kakh li' means 'take for me' (imperative of take).
[GEN.27.14] And he went, and he took, and he brought it to his mother, and his mother prepared meals as his father loved. [§]
vayelekh vayikach vayave le'imo vata'as immo mat'amim ka'asher ahev aviv.
'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'vayave' means 'and he brought', 'le'imo' means 'to his mother', 'vata'as' means 'and (his) mother made', 'immo' means 'his mother', 'mat'amim' means 'meals' or 'delicacies', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'ahev' means 'loved', 'aviv' means 'his father'.
[GEN.27.15] And Rebekah took Esau's garments, his great and desirable ones that were in the house, and she dressed Jacob in his small ones. [§]
Vatikkah Rivkah et-bigdei Esav benah hagadol hachamudot asher itah babayit vatalvesh et-Yaakov benah hakatan.
'Vatikkah' means 'and she took', 'Rivkah' is the name 'Rebekah', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'bigdei' means 'the garments', 'Esav' is the name 'Esau', 'benah' means 'his', 'hagadol' means 'the great', 'hachamudot' means 'the desirable' (or 'fine'), 'asher' means 'that', 'itah' means 'were with', 'babayit' means 'in the house', 'vatalvesh' means 'and she dressed', 'et' again the direct object marker, 'Yaakov' is the name 'Jacob', 'benah' means 'his', 'hakatan' means 'the small'.
[GEN.27.16] And the skins of the goats he put on his hands and on the portion of his neck. [§]
ve'et orot g'daye ha'izzim hilbisha al-yadav ve'al chelkat tzavvarav.
've'et' means 'and the', 'orot' means 'skins', 'g'daye' means 'of the goats', 'ha'izzim' means 'the goats', 'hilbisha' means 'he/she clothed' or 'put on', 'al' means 'on', 'yadav' means 'his hand(s)', 've'al' means 'and on', 'chelkat' means 'portion', 'tzavvarav' means 'of his neck'.
[GEN.27.17] And she gave the foods and the bread which she made by the hand of Jacob her son. [§]
Va titen et hamattaim ve et ha lechem asher asata be yad Yaakov benah.
'Va' means 'And', 'titen' means 'she gave', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'hamattaim' means 'the foods' or 'the delicacies', 've' means 'and', 'ha lechem' means 'the bread', 'asher' means 'which', 'asata' means 'she made', 'be yad' means 'by the hand', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'benah' means 'her son'.
[GEN.27.18] And he came to his father, and he said, My father; and he said, Behold, who are you, my son. [§]
Vayyavo el-aviv vayomer abi vayomer hineni mi attah b'ni.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'el-aviv' means 'to his father', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'abi' means 'my father', the second 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineni' means 'behold, I am/here I am', 'mi' means 'who', 'attah' means 'you (singular masculine)', 'b'ni' means 'my son'.
[GEN.27.19] And Jacob said to his father, I am Esau your firstborn; I have done as you have spoken to me: arise, please, sit up, and let us eat my broth, for that my soul may bless you. [§]
Vayomer Yaakov elaviv anochi Esav bechorcha asiti kaasher dibarta elai kumna shevah veachlah mitzedi baavur tevarachani nafshkha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'elaviv' means 'to his father', 'anochi' means 'I', 'Esav' is the name Esau, 'bechorcha' means 'your firstborn', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'dibarta' means 'you have spoken', 'elai' means 'to me', 'kumna' means 'arise, please', 'shevah' means 'sit up', 'veachlah' means 'and let us eat', 'mitzedi' means 'my broth', 'baavur' means 'for the sake of', 'tevarachani' means 'that my soul may bless', 'nafshkha' means 'your soul' (i.e., 'you').
[GEN.27.20] And Isaac said to his son, What is this haste, my son? And he said, Because Yahveh your God has called before me. [§]
Vayomer Yitzchak el-bno ma-zeh mi-harta limtzo bni vayomer ki hiqra Yahveh Elohekha lefanai.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'el-bno' means 'to his son', 'ma-zeh' means 'what is this', 'mi-harta' means 'hasten', 'limtzo' means 'to find', 'bni' means 'my son', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ki' means 'because', 'hiqra' means 'has called', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohekha' means 'your God' (the singular 'El' rendered as 'God' with the possessive suffix), 'lefanai' means 'before me'.
[GEN.27.21] And Isaac said to Jacob, Come now, and I will bless you, my son. Is this Esau your brother? [§]
Vayomer Yitzchak el-Yaakov gesha na vaamushkha b'ni ha'atah zeh b'ni Esav im lo
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yitzchak' is the personal name Isaac, 'el-Yaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'gesha na' means 'come now', 'vaamushkha' means 'and I will bless you', 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'ha'atah' means 'is this', 'zeh' means 'this', 'b'ni Esav' means 'my son Esau', 'im lo' means 'or not'.
[GEN.27.22] And Jacob approached his father Isaac, and bowed before him, and said, "The voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau." [§]
Vayigash Yaakov el Yitzchak aviv vayimusehu vayomer hakol kol Yaakov vehayadayim yedei Esav.
'Vayigash' means 'and he approached', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'el' means 'to', 'Yitzchak' is Isaac, 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayimusehu' means 'and he bowed himself before him', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hakol' means 'the voice', 'kol' means 'voice', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'vehayadayim' means 'but the hands', 'yedei' means 'the hands of', 'Esav' means 'Esau'.
[GEN.27.23] And he did not recognize him, because his hands were like the hands of Esau his brother's goat hair, and he blessed him. [§]
Ve lo hikkir-o ki hayu yadaiv ki-idei Esav achiv se'irot vayevarchihu.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'hikkir-o' means 'recognized him', 'ki' means 'because', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'yadaiv' means 'his hands', 'ki-idei' means 'like the hands of', 'Esav' is the name 'Esau', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'se'irot' means 'goat hair' (the hair of a goat), 'vayevarchihu' means 'and blessed him'.
[GEN.27.24] And he said, 'You are my son Esau,' and he said, 'I am.' [§]
Vayomer attah zeh beni Esau vayomer ani.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'attah' means 'you', 'zeh' means 'this' or 'that', 'beni' means 'my son', 'Esau' is a proper name, 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'ani' means 'I' or 'I am'.
[GEN.27.25] And he said, Bring near to me, and I will eat of the broth of my son, that my soul may bless you; and he drew near to him, and he ate, and he brought him wine, and he drank. [§]
vayomer hagisha li ve'okhla mitzeid beni lema'an tevarekha nafshi vayagesh lo vayokhal vayave lo yayin vayeshet
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hagisha' means 'bring near', 'li' means 'to me', 've'okhla' means 'and I will eat', 'mitzeid' means 'from the broth', 'beni' means 'my son', 'lema'an' means 'in order that', 'tevarekha' means 'you may be blessed', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'vayagesh' means 'and he drew near', 'lo' means 'to him', 'vayokhal' means 'and he ate', 'vayave' means 'and he brought', 'lo' means 'to him', 'yayin' means 'wine', 'vayeshet' means 'and he drank'.
[GEN.27.26] And he said to him, Isaac his father, "Come, please, and give me a drink, my son." [§]
Vayomer elav Yitzchak aviv gesha na ushke li beni.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yitzchak' is the proper name Isaac, 'aviv' means 'his father', 'gesha' means 'come' (imperative), 'na' adds a pleading sense 'please', 'ushke' means 'and give a drink', 'li' means 'to me', and 'beni' means 'my son'.
[GEN.27.27] And he approached and kissed him, and he smelled the scent of his garments and blessed him, and he said, "See, my son, the scent is like the scent of a field that Yahveh blessed." [§]
vayigash vayishak lo vayyarach et reach be-gadav vayevarchéhu vayomer re'eh reach beni ke reach sadeh asher beracho Yahveh
'vayigash' means 'and he approached', 'vayishak lo' means 'and he kissed him', 'vayyarach' means 'and he smelled', 'et reach' means 'the scent', 'be-gadav' means 'of his garments', 'vayevarchéhu' means 'and he blessed him', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 're'eh' means 'see', 'reach' means 'scent', 'beni' means 'my son', 'ke' means 'like', 'reach' again 'scent', 'sadeh' means 'field', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'beracho' means 'the LORD blessed', and 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH.
[GEN.27.28] And the Gods will give you the dew of the heavens and the richness of the earth and abundant grain and wheat. [§]
ve-yitten lecha haElohim mi-tal ha-shamayim u-mi-shmanei ha-aretz ve-rov dagan ve-tirosh.
've-yitten' means 'and will give', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'mi-tal' means 'from the dew', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'u-mi-shmanei' means 'and from the richness', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 've-rov' means 'and abundance', 'dagan' means 'grain', 've-tirosh' means 'and wheat'.
[GEN.27.29] Let nations serve you and bow down to you among the peoples; be mighty among your brothers, and let the children of your mother bow down to you; cursed are those who curse you, blessed are those who bless you. [§]
Ya'avdeuke amim ve'yishtachavu lecha le'umim heve gibir le'acheikha ve'yishtachavu lekha b'nei imekha orrekha arur u'mevarkhekha barukh.
'Ya'avdeuke' means 'may nations serve you', 'amim' means 'nations', 've'yishtachavu' means 'and bow down', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'le'umim' means 'among the peoples', 'heve' means 'be', 'gibir' means 'mighty', 'le'acheikha' means 'among your brothers', 'b'nei' means 'children of', 'imekha' means 'your mother', 'orrekha' means 'cursed', 'arur' means 'are they', 'u'' means 'and', 'mevarkhekha' means 'those who bless you', 'barukh' means 'blessed'.
[GEN.27.30] And it came to pass, as Isaac finished blessing Jacob, and it happened that Jacob only went out from before his father Isaac, and Esau his brother came out from the field. [§]
Vayehi ka'asher kila Yitzchak levarech et-Yaakov vayhi ach yatzot yatza Yaakov me'et penei Yitzchak aviv ve-Esav achiv ba mitzido.
'Vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'when', 'kila' means 'he finished', 'Yitzchak' is the personal name Isaac, 'levarech' means 'to bless', 'et-Yaakov' means 'Jacob' as the object of blessing, 'vayhi' means 'and it happened', 'ach' means 'only' or 'just', 'yatzot' means 'he went out', 'yatza' is a repeat for emphasis 'went out', 'Yaakov' is Jacob, 'me'et' means 'from the presence of', 'penei' means 'the face of' or 'before', 'Yitzchak' again Isaac, 'aviv' means 'his father', 've-Esav' means 'and Esau', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'ba' means 'came', 'mitzido' means 'from the field'.
[GEN.27.31] And he also made feasts and brought them to his father, and said to his father, 'Let my father arise and eat the offering of his son for that you may bless my soul.' [§]
vayyas gam-hu matamim vayave leaviv vayomer leaviv yakum avi veochal mitzeyid beno ba'avur tevarachani nafsheka.
'vayyas' means 'and he made', 'gam-hu' means 'also he', 'matamim' means 'feasts', 'vayave' means 'and he brought', 'leaviv' means 'to his father', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'leaviv' again 'to his father', 'yakum' means 'let arise', 'avi' means 'my father', 'veochal' means 'and eat', 'mitzeyid' means 'the offering', 'beno' means 'his son', 'ba'avur' means 'for the purpose of', 'tevarachani' means 'you may bless me', 'nafsheka' means 'your soul'.
[GEN.27.32] And Isaac his father said to him, 'Who are you?' And he said, 'I am your son, your firstborn, Esau.' [§]
Vayomer lo Yitzchak aviv mi-ata vayomer ani bincha vekhorcha Esav.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Yitzchak' is the personal name Isaac, 'aviv' means 'his father', 'mi-ata' means 'who are you', the second 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'ani' means 'I', 'bincha' means 'your son', 'vekhorcha' means 'and your firstborn', and 'Esav' is the personal name Esau.
[GEN.27.33] And Isaac was greatly astonished beyond measure, and he said, Who is the one who brings the prey? Bring it to me, and I will eat everything before you come, and I will bless him; may he also be blessed. [§]
Vayekhered Yitzchak charada gedolah ad-meod vayomer mi-efo hu hatzad tsayid vayave li vaokhel mikol beterem tavo vaavarechehu gam baruch yihye.
'Vayekhered' means 'and (he) was amazed', 'Yitzchak' is the name Isaac, 'charada' means 'astonishment', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'ad-meod' means 'to a very great degree', 'vayomer' means 'and (he) said', 'mi-efo' means 'who is the one who brings', 'hu' means 'he', 'hatzad' means 'the prey', 'tsayid' means 'the hunted', 'vayave' means 'bring', 'li' means 'to me', 'vaokhel' means 'and I will eat', 'mikol' means 'everything', 'beterem' means 'before', 'tavo' means 'you come', 'vaavarechehu' means 'and I will bless him', 'gam' means 'also', 'baruch' means 'blessed', 'yihye' means 'may he be'.
[GEN.27.34] When Esau heard the words of his father, he shouted a great and bitter lament to the utmost, and said to his father, Bless me also, my father. [§]
Kishmoa Esav et-divrei aviv vayits'aq tzeakah gedolah umarah ad-meod vayomer le-aviv baracheni gam-ani avi.
'Kishmoa' means 'when hearing', 'Esav' is the name Esau, 'et-divrei' means 'the words of', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayits'aq' means 'and he shouted', 'tzeakah' means 'a lament', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'umarah' means 'and bitter', 'ad-meod' means 'to the utmost', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'le-aviv' means 'to his father', 'baracheni' means 'bless me', 'gam-ani' means 'also me' (or 'me also'), 'avi' means 'my father'.
[GEN.27.35] And he said, Come, your brother in deceit, and he took your blessing. [§]
Vayomer ba achicha b'mirma vayikkaḥ birkatkha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ba' means 'come', 'achicha' means 'your brother', 'b'mirma' means 'by deceit' or 'in deceit', 'vayikkaḥ' means 'and he took', 'birkatkha' means 'your blessing'.
[GEN.27.36] And he said, Behold, he called his name Jacob, and you have taken me; this is the second time you have taken my firstborn, and now you have taken my blessing, and he said, 'Did you not withhold a blessing from me?' [§]
vayomer hachi kara shmo Yaakov vayakeveni zeh pa'amayim et-bekhorati lakach vehineh attah lakach birchati vayomer halo-atzalta li beracha.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hachi' means 'behold', 'kara' means 'called', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob, 'vayakeveni' means 'and you have taken me', 'zeh' means 'this', 'pa'amayim' means 'twice', 'et-bekhorati' means 'my firstborn', 'lakach' means 'you took', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'attah' means 'now', 'birchati' means 'my blessing', 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'halo-atzalta' means 'did not you withhold', 'li' means 'from me', 'beracha' means 'a blessing'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name of God is required.
[GEN.27.37] And Isaac answered and said to Esau, Behold, I have made you great, and I have given all his brothers to servants, and grain and barley I have entrusted to you; now what shall I do, my son? [§]
Vaya'an Yitzchak vayomer le-Esav hen gevir samtiyhu lakh ve'et kol-echav natati lo la'avadim ve-dagan ve-tirosh smaktiv ve-lekha efoh ma e'eseh b'ni.
'Vaya'an' means 'and he answered', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'le-Esav' means 'to Esau', 'hen' means 'behold', 'gevir' means 'great', 'samtiyhu' means 'I have placed him', 'lakh' means 'for you', 've'et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'natati' means 'I gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 'la'avadim' means 'as servants', 've-dagan' means 'and grain', 've-tirosh' means 'and barley', 'smaktiv' means 'I have entrusted', 've-lekha' means 'and now', 'efoh' means 'what', 'ma' means 'shall', 'e'eseh' means 'I do', 'b'ni' means 'my son'.
[GEN.27.38] And Esau said to his father, 'The blessing is one, for you, my father; bless me also, my father.' And Esau raised his voice and wept. [§]
Vayomer Esav el-aviv habracha achat hi lecha avi, baracheni gam ani avi, vayissa Esav koloh vayevach.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Esav' is the name Esau, 'el-aviv' means 'to his father', 'habracha' means 'the blessing', 'achat' means 'one', 'hi lecha' means 'it is for you', 'avi' means 'my father', 'baracheni' means 'bless me', 'gam' means 'also', 'ani' means 'I', 'vayissa' means 'and he raised', 'koloh' means 'his voice', 'vayevach' means 'and he wept'.
[GEN.27.39] And Isaac answered his father and said to him, Behold, the oil of the earth will be your dwelling, and the dew of the heavens from above. [§]
vayyan Yitzchak aviv vayomer elav hineh mishmanei haaretz yihyeh moshavekha umittal hashamayim meal.
'vayyan' means 'and he answered', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'mishmanei' means 'of the oil', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'moshavekha' means 'your dwelling', 'umittal' means 'and from the dew', 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'meal' means 'from above'.
[GEN.27.40] And upon your sword you shall live, and your brother you shall serve, and it shall be as when you tremble and you have taken his yoke from your shoulder. [§]
ve'al cherevcha tichye ve'et achicha taavod vehayah ka'asher tarid uparakta ulo me'al tzavarecha.
've'al' means 'and upon', 'cherevcha' means 'your sword', 'tichye' means 'you will live', 've'et' means 'and', 'achicha' means 'your brother', 'taavod' means 'you will serve', 'vehayah' means 'and it will be', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tarid' means 'you tremble', 'uparakta' means 'you have broken', 'ulo' means 'its burden', 'me'al' means 'from', 'tzavarecha' means 'your yoke' or 'your shoulder'.
[GEN.27.41] And Esau cursed Jacob because of the blessing that his father had blessed, and Esau said in his heart, 'The days of my father's mourning will come, and I will kill Jacob my brother.' [§]
Vayis'tom Esav et-Yaakov al-hab'rakha asher beracho avi vayomer Esav be'libo yikrevu yemei evel avi ve'aharagah et-Yaakov achi.
'Vayis'tom' means 'and Esau cursed'; 'Esav' means 'Esau'; 'et' is the accusative marker for the direct object; 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob'; 'al' means 'because of' or 'against'; 'hab'rakha' means 'the blessing'; 'asher' means 'that/which'; 'beracho' means 'his father blessed'; 'avi' means 'his father'; 'vayomer' means 'and he said'; 'be'libo' means 'in his heart'; 'yikrevu' means 'will come'; 'yemei' means 'the days of'; 'evel' means 'mourning' or 'grief'; 'avi' again means 'my father'; 've'aharagah' means 'and I will kill'; 'et' is the accusative marker; 'Yaakov' again means 'Jacob'; 'achi' means 'my brother'.
[GEN.27.42] News of Esau, her older son, was reported to Rebecca; she sent word to Jacob, her younger son, and said to him, 'Behold, Esau your brother is grieving against you, seeking to kill you.' [§]
vayugad leRivkah et-dibrei Esav benah hagadol vatishlach vatikra leYaakov benah hakatan vatoomer elav hine Esav achikha mitnahem lekha le-hargekha.
'vayugad' means 'it was reported', 'leRivkah' means 'to Rebecca', 'et-dibrei' means 'the words of', 'Esav' is the name Esau, 'benah' means 'her son', 'hagadol' means 'the older', 'vatishlach' means 'and she sent', 'vatikra' means 'and she called', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'benah' again means 'her younger son', 'hakatan' means 'the younger', 'vatoomer' means 'and she said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'hine' means 'behold', 'Esav' again the name, 'achikha' means 'your brother', 'mitnahem' means 'is grieving', 'lekha' means 'against you', 'le-hargekha' means 'to kill you'.
[GEN.27.43] Now my son, listen to my voice, and arise, flee for yourself to Lavan my brother who is angry. [§]
ve'atah beni shema be'koli ve'kum be'rach-lekha el Lavan achi charanah.
've'atah' means 'and now' or 'now', 'beni' means 'my son', 'shema' means 'listen' (imperative), 'be'koli' means 'to my voice' or literally 'in my voice', 've'kum' means 'and arise' or 'and get up', 'be'rach-lekha' means 'flee for yourself' (the verb 'rach' = flee, with the suffix 'lecha' = for you/yourself), 'el' means 'to', 'Lavan' is a proper name, 'achi' means 'my brother', 'charanah' means 'is angry' (feminine singular verb).
[GEN.27.44] And you shall sit with him for one day until you turn away your brother's anger. [§]
veyasavta immo yamim achadim ad asher tashuv chamat achicha.
've' means 'and', 'yasavta' means 'you will sit' or 'you will dwell', 'immo' means 'with him', 'yamim' means 'days', 'achadim' means 'one', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher' means 'that which', 'tashuv' means 'you will turn back' or 'you will restore', 'chamat' means 'anger', 'achicha' means 'your brother'.
[GEN.27.45] Until you return, even your brother from you, and forget what you did to him, and I sent and I took you from there; why should I be ashamed even both of you one day. [§]
ad-shuv af-achikha mimkha ve-shachach et asher-asita lo ve-shalachti u-lekachtikha misham lama eshkal gam-shneikhem yom echad.
'ad' means 'until', 'shuv' means 'return' (imperative sense), 'af' means 'also' or 'even', 'achikha' means 'your brother', 'mimkha' means 'from you', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'shachach' means 'forget', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'asher' means 'that which', 'asita' means 'you did', 'lo' means 'to him', 've' again is 'and', 'shalachti' means 'I sent', 'u' is another 'and', 'lekachtikha' means 'I took you', 'misham' means 'from there', 'lama' means 'why', 'eshkal' means 'I will be ashamed' or 'I will be confounded', 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'shneikhem' means 'your two' (i.e., both of you), 'yom' means 'day', 'echad' means 'one'.
[GEN.27.46] And Rebekah said to Isaac, 'I have become weary in my life because of the daughters of Heth; if Jacob takes a wife from the daughters of Heth, as these are from the daughters of the earth, why would I have life?' [§]
Vato'amer Rivkah el-Yitzchak: katseti bechayay mipnei benot Chet, im lo-kach Yaakov isha mi-bnot Chet ke'eleh mi-bnot haaretz, lamah li chayyim.
'Vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'Rivkah' means 'Rebekah', 'el-Yitzchak' means 'to Isaac', 'katseti' means 'I have become weary' or 'I have stopped', 'bechayay' means 'in my life', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'benot' means 'daughters', 'Chet' is the proper name 'Heth', 'im' means 'if', 'lo-kach' means 'Jacob takes', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'isha' means 'a wife', 'mi-bnot' means 'from the daughters of', 'ke'eleh' means 'as these', 'mi-bnot haaretz' means 'from the daughters of the earth', 'lamah' means 'why', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'chayyim' means 'life'.
GEN.28
[GEN.28.1] And Isaac called Jacob, and blessed him, and charged him, and said to him, Do not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan. [§]
Vayikra Yitzchak el-Yaakov vayvarekh oto vaytzavehu vayomer lo lo-tikach isha mibnot Canaan.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'el-Yaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'vayvarekh' means 'and blessed', 'oto' means 'him', 'vaytzavehu' means 'and charged him', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'lo-tikach' means 'do not take', 'isha' means 'a wife', 'mibnot' means 'from the daughters of', 'Canaan' means 'Canaan'.
[GEN.28.2] Rise, go, rescue Aram, his house in Betuel, the father of your mother, and take for yourself from there a woman from the daughters of Lavan, brother of your mother. [§]
Qum lekh padena Aram beita betu'el avi imek ve-kach lecha misham isha mibnot Lavan achi imek.
'Qum' means 'rise', 'lekh' means 'go', 'padena' means 'rescue' or 'redeem', 'Aram' is a proper name, 'beita' means 'his house', 'betu'el' is a place name meaning 'house of God', 'avi' means 'father', 'imek' means 'of your mother', 've-kach' means 'and take', 'lecha' means 'for yourself', 'misham' means 'from there', 'isha' means 'woman', 'mibnot' means 'from the daughters', 'Lavan' is a proper name, 'achi' means 'brother', 'imek' means 'of your mother'.
[GEN.28.3] And God Almighty will bless you, prosper you, and increase you, and you shall become a congregation of peoples. [§]
ve-El Shaddai yevarech otkha ve-yaprekha ve-yarbeh ve-hayita liqahal amim.
've' means 'and', 'El' means 'God', 'Shaddai' means 'Almighty', so 'El Shaddai' is 'God Almighty'; 'yevarech' means 'will bless', 'otkha' is the object pronoun 'you'; 've-yaprekha' means 'and will prosper you'; 've-yarbeh' means 'and will multiply you' (i.e., increase you); 've-hayita' means 'and you will become'; 'liqahal' means 'to a congregation' or 'for an assembly'; 'amim' means 'of peoples' or 'of nations'.
[GEN.28.4] And he will give to you the blessing of Abraham for you and for your seed with you as your inheritance the land of your dwelling, which the Gods gave to Abraham. [§]
ve-yitten lecha et birkat Avraham lecha u-le-zaracha ittach le-rishtacha et eretz megurecha asher natan Elohim le-Avraham.
've-yitten' means 'and he will give', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'birkat' means 'blessing', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'lecha' again 'to you', 'u-le-zaracha' means 'and to your seed', 'ittach' means 'with you', 'le-rishtacha' means 'for your inheritance', 'et eretz' means 'the land', 'megurecha' means 'of your dwelling/sojourn', 'asher' means 'that', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'le-Avraham' means 'to Abraham'.
[GEN.28.5] And Isaac sent Jacob, and he went from Paddan Aram to Laban son of Betuel the Aramean, brother of Rebecca, mother of Jacob and Esau. [§]
vayishlach Yitzhak et Yaakov vayelech Paddan Aram el Lavan ben Betuel haArami achi Rivka em Yaakov veEsav.
'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Yitzhak' is the proper name Isaac, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob, 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'Paddan' is a place name meaning 'field', 'Aram' is a region name meaning 'highland', 'el' means 'to', 'Lavan' is the proper name Laban meaning 'white', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Betuel' is a proper name meaning 'house of God', 'haArami' means 'the Aramean', 'achi' means 'brother of', 'Rivka' is the proper name Rebecca, 'em' means 'mother', and 'veEsav' means 'and Esau'.
[GEN.28.6] And Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob, and he sent him away to Padena, Aram, to take a wife from there; after blessing him, he commanded him, saying, 'You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan.' [§]
Vayar Esav ki berach Yitzchak et Yaakov ve-shillach oto Padena Aram laqachat-lo misham isha bevarcho oto vayetzav alav lemor lo tiqach isha mibnot Canaan.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'Esav' is the name Esau, 'ki' means 'that/because', 'berach' means 'blessed', 'Yitzchak' is Isaac, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yaakov' is Jacob, 've-shillach' means 'and he sent', 'oto' means 'him', 'Padena' is a place name, 'Aram' is a region, 'laqachat' means 'to take', 'lo' means 'for him', 'misham' means 'from there', 'isha' means 'a woman/wife', 'bevarcho' means 'having blessed', 'oto' again 'him', 'vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'alav' means 'over him', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'lo' means 'you shall not', 'tiqach' means 'take a wife', 'mibnot' means 'from the daughters of', 'Canaan' is the land of Canaan.
[GEN.28.7] Jacob heard his father and his mother, and he went to Padan-aram. [§]
Vayishma Ya'akov el-aviv ve'el-immo vayelekh Padde-na Aram.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Ya'akov' is the personal name Jacob, 'el-aviv' means 'to his father', 've'el-immo' means 'and to his mother', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'Padde-na' is the transliteration of the place name Padan, and 'Aram' is the name of the region Aram.
[GEN.28.8] And Esau saw that the Canaanite women were displeasing in the eyes of his father Isaac. [§]
Vayar Esau ki raot benot Kena'an be'einei Yitzchak aviv.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Esau' is a proper name, 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'raot' means 'bad' or 'displeasing', 'benot' means 'women' or 'daughters', 'Kena'an' means 'Canaanite', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'aviv' means 'his father'.
[GEN.28.9] And Esau went to Ishmael, and he took Machalat, daughter of Ishmael, son of Abraham, sister of Nebaioth, among his wives, for himself as a wife. [§]
Vayeilekh Esav el Yishmael vayikach et Machalat bat Yishmael ben Avraham achot Nebayot al nashav lo leisha.
'Vayeilekh' means 'and went', 'Esav' is the name 'Esau', 'el' means 'to', 'Yishmael' is the name 'Ishmael', 'vayikach' means 'and took', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'Machalat' is a personal name, 'bat' means 'daughter of', the second 'Yishmael' again 'Ishmael', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Avraham' is 'Abraham', 'achot' means 'sister', 'Nebayot' is the name 'Nebaioth', 'al' means 'among', 'nashav' means 'wives', 'lo' means 'for himself', and 'leisha' means 'as a wife'.
[GEN.28.10] And Jacob went out from Beersheba and went to Haran. [§]
Vayetse Yaakov miBe'er Sheva vayelech Charan.
'Vayetse' means 'and he went out', 'Yaakov' is the personal name Jacob, 'miBe'er' means 'from the well', 'Sheva' means 'seven' or 'oath' and refers to the place named Beersheba, 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'Charan' is the name of the city Haran.
[GEN.28.11] And he came to the place and slept there because the sun had set, and he took a stone of the place and set it as a marker, and he lay down in that place. [§]
Vayipaga ba-makom vayalen sham ki ba ha-shemesh vayikach me-avnei ha-makom vayasem merasotav vayishkav ba-makom ha-hu.
'Vayipaga' means 'and he came upon', 'ba-makom' means 'the place', 'vayalen' means 'and he slept', 'sham' means 'there', 'ki' means 'because', 'ba' means 'the', 'ha-shemesh' means 'sun', 'vayikach' means 'had set', 'me-avnei' means 'from the stones', 'ha-makom' means 'of the place', 'vayasem' means 'he set', 'merasotav' means 'its pillars/markers', 'vayishkav' means 'and he lay down', 'ba-makom' means 'in the place', 'ha-hu' means 'that one' or 'that place'.
[GEN.28.12] And he dreamed, and behold a column standing on earth, and its head reaching the heavens; and behold the angels of the Gods going up and down on it. [§]
vayachalom ve-hineh sulam mutzav artzah ve-rosho magi'a ha-shamayimah ve-hineh malachei Elohim olim ve-yordim bo.
"vayachalom" means "and he dreamed", "ve-hineh" means "and behold", "sulam" means "column", "mutzav" means "standing", "artzah" means "on earth", "ve-rosho" means "and its head", "magi'a" means "reaching", "ha-shamayimah" means "the heavens", "malachei" means "angels of", "Elohim" means "the Gods", "olim" means "going up", "ve-yordim" means "and going down", "bo" means "on it".
[GEN.28.13] Behold, Yahveh stands upon him and said, I am Yahveh, the Gods of Abraham your father and the Gods of Isaac, the land which you are lying upon I will give to you and to your offspring. [§]
ve-hineh Yahveh nitsav alav vayomer Ani Yahveh Elohei Avraham avik ve-Elohei Yitzchak haaretz asher attah shochev aleyha lecha etnenah u-lezarecha.
've' means 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHWH, 'nitsav' means 'stands', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods of' (construct form of Elohim), 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'avik' means 'your father', 've' means 'and', 'Elohei' again 'the Gods of', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that', 'attah' means 'you', 'shochev' means 'are lying', 'aleyha' means 'upon it', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'etnenah' means 'I will give', 'u' means 'and', 'lezar' means 'to the seed', 'echa' means 'your'.
[GEN.28.14] And your seed shall be like the dust of the earth; you shall spread to the south, east, north, and west; and all the families of the earth shall be blessed in you and through your seed. [§]
vehayah zaracha kaafar haaretz uparatsta yamma vakedmah vetsafona vanegbah venibrachu becha kol mishpechot haadamah uvazar'ech.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'zaracha' means 'your seed', 'kaafar' means 'like dust', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'uparatsta' means 'you shall spread', 'yamma' means 'to the south', 'vakedmah' means 'and to the east', 'vetsafona' means 'and to the north', 'vanegbah' means 'and to the west', 'venibrachu' means 'and they shall be blessed', 'becha' means 'in you', 'kol' means 'all', 'mishpechot' means 'families', 'haadamah' means 'the earth', 'uvazar'ech' means 'and through your seed'.
[GEN.28.15] And behold I am with you and I will keep you in everything you go, and I will bring you back to this ground because I will not abandon you until I have done that which I have spoken to you. [§]
ve-hineh anochi immach u-shamarti-ka be-khol asher-te-lekh ve-hashivoti-ka el ha-adamah hazot ki lo e'ezavkha ad asher im-asiti et asher-dibarti lakh.
've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'immach' means 'with you', 'u-shamarti-ka' means 'and I will keep you', 'be-khol' means 'in all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'te-lekh' means 'you will go', 've-hashivoti-ka' means 'and I will bring you back', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-adamah' means 'the ground', 'hazot' means 'this', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'e-ezavkha' means 'I will abandon you', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher' means 'that', 'im' means 'if', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no translation), 'asher' again means 'that', 'dibarti' means 'I have spoken', 'lakh' means 'to you'.
[GEN.28.16] And Jacob awoke from his sleep and said, Indeed there is Yahveh in this place, and I did not know. [§]
Va-yiykatz Ya'akov mi-shenato va-yomer a'ken yesh Yahveh ba-makom ha-zeh ve-anokhi lo yadati.
'Va-yiykatz' means 'and he awoke', 'Ya'akov' means 'Jacob', 'mi-shenato' means 'from his sleep', 'va-yomer' means 'and he said', 'a'ken' means 'indeed', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ba-makom' means 'in the place', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 've-anokhi' means 'and I', 'lo' means 'not', 'yadati' means 'knew'.
[GEN.28.17] And he was afraid and said, 'What awesome is this place? There is none but the house of the Gods, and this is the gate of the heavens.' [§]
vayyira vayyomar ma nora ha makom haze ein ze ki im beit elohim ve ze sha ar ha shamayim
'vayyira' means 'and he was afraid', 'vayyomar' means 'and he said', 'ma' means 'what', 'nora' means 'awesome' or 'terrible', 'ha makom' means 'the place', 'haze' means 'this', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'ze' means 'this', 'ki' means 'but' or 'for', 'im' means 'except', 'beit' means 'house of', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 've' means 'and', 'ze' means 'this', 'sha ar' means 'gate', 'ha shamayim' means 'the heavens'.
[GEN.28.18] Jacob got up early, took the stone that he had set for a pillow, set it up as a pillar, and poured oil on its top. [§]
Vayashkem Yaakov baboker vayikka et ha'even asher sam merashotav vayasem otah matzevah vayitzok shemen al roshah.
'Vayashkem' means 'and he got up', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'baboker' means 'early in the morning', 'vayikka' means 'and he took', 'et' is the direct object marker (no translation), 'ha'even' means 'the stone', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'sam' means 'he placed', 'merashotav' means 'as a pillow for himself', 'vayasem' means 'and he set', 'otah' means 'it', 'matzevah' means 'as a pillar or standing stone', 'vayitzok' means 'and he poured', 'shemen' means 'oil', 'al' means 'on', 'roshah' means 'its head or top'.
[GEN.28.19] And he called that place House of God, and indeed Luz was the name of the first city. [§]
Vayyikra et-shem ha-makom ha-hu Beit-El ve'ulam Luz shem ha-ir ha-rishona.
'Vayyikra' means 'And he called', 'et-shem' means 'the name', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'Beit-El' means 'House of God' (with 'El' translated as 'God'), 've'ulam' means 'and indeed', 'Luz' is a proper name of a city, 'shem' means 'name', 'ha-ir' means 'the city', 'ha-rishona' means 'the first'.
[GEN.28.20] And Jacob made a vow saying, \"If there will be the Gods with me and will keep me safe on this road that I am walking, and will give me bread to eat and a garment to put on.\" [§]
Vayiddar Ya'akov neder lemor im yihyeh Elohim imadi v'shemareni ba-derekh hazeh asher anochi holekh venatan li lechem le'echol u'veged lilbas.
'Vayiddar' means 'and he swore', 'Ya'akov' means 'Jacob', 'neder' means 'a vow', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'im' means 'if', 'yihyeh' means 'there will be', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'v'shemareni' means 'and will keep me safe', 'ba-derekh' means 'on the road', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that', 'anochi' means 'I', 'holekh' means 'am walking', 'venatan' means 'and will give', 'li' means 'to me', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'le'echol' means 'to eat', 'u'veged' means 'and a garment', 'lilbas' means 'to put on'.
[GEN.28.21] I will return in peace to my father's house, and Yahveh will be to me the Gods. [§]
ve-shavti be-shalom el-beit avi ve-hayah Yahveh li le-Elohim.
've-shavti' means 'I will return', 'be-shalom' means 'in peace', 'el-beit' means 'to the house', 'avi' means 'of my father', 've-hayah' means 'and it will be', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'li' means 'to me', 'le-Elohim' means 'to the Gods' (literally 'to the Gods').
[GEN.28.22] And this stone that I set up as a standing stone will be the house of the Gods and all that you give to me I will give tenfold to you. [§]
Veha'even hazot asher-samti matsvehah yihyeh beit elohim vechol asher titen li aser a'aserennu lakh.
'Veha'even' means 'and this stone', 'hazot' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that', 'samti' means 'I set', 'matsvehah' means 'as a standing stone/pillar', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'beit' means 'house of', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that/what', 'titen' means 'you give', 'li' means 'to me', 'aser' means 'tenfold', 'a'aserennu' means 'I will give it', 'lakh' means 'to you'.
GEN.29
[GEN.29.1] And Jacob lifted his feet and went onward toward the land of the east. [§]
Vayissa Yaakov raglav vayelekh artzah b'nei qedem.
'Vayissa' means 'and he lifted', 'Yaakov' is the personal name Jacob, 'raglav' means 'his feet', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'artzah' means 'forward' or 'onward', 'b'nei' means 'in the direction of' (literally 'toward the'), and 'qedem' means 'the east' or 'ancient times, the east'. Together they convey the action of Jacob moving forward toward the eastern land.
[GEN.29.2] And he saw, and behold, a well in the field, and behold there were three flocks lying upon it, because from that well they would water the flocks, and the great stone over the mouth of the well. [§]
vayar vehineh be'er bashadeh vehineh-sham shloshah edrei tzon rovtzim aleha ki min-habe'er hahio yeshqu ha'adarim veha'even gedolah al-pi habe'er.
'vayar' means 'and he saw', 've' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'be'er' means 'well', 'bashadeh' means 'in the field', 'vehineh-sham' means 'and behold there', 'shloshah' means 'three', 'edrei' means 'flocks', 'tzon' means 'sheep', 'rovtzim' means 'lying down', 'aleha' means 'upon it', 'ki' means 'because', 'min-habe'er' means 'from the well', 'hahio' means 'that', 'yeshqu' means 'they would water', 'ha'adarim' means 'the flocks', 'veha'even' means 'and the stone', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'al-pi' means 'over the mouth of', 'habe'er' means 'the well'.
[GEN.29.3] And they gathered there all the flocks, and they rolled the stone from the mouth of the well, and they gave drink to the flock, and they returned the stone to the mouth of the well to its place. [§]
ve-ne'esfu shamah kol ha'adarim ve-galalu et ha'even me'al pi ha-be'er ve-hishku et ha-tzon ve-hezib'u et ha'even al pi ha-be'er limkomah.
've' means 'and', 'ne'esfu' means 'they were gathered', 'shamah' means 'there', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'adarim' means 'the flocks', 've' before a verb means 'and', 'galalu' means 'they rolled', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'even' means 'the stone', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'pi' means 'mouth', 'ha-be'er' means 'the well', 've-hishku' means 'and they gave drink', 'ha-tzon' means 'the flock', 've-hezib'u' means 'and they returned', 'al' means 'onto', 'limkomah' means 'to its place'.
[GEN.29.4] And Jacob said to them, My brothers, from where are you? And they said, From Haran we are. [§]
Vayomer lahem Yaakov achai me'ayin atem vayomru me'Charan anachnu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'achai' means 'my brothers', 'me'ayin' means 'from where', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'me'Charan' means 'from Haran', 'anachnu' means 'we are'.
[GEN.29.5] And he said to them, Do you know Laban son of Nahor? And they said, We know. [§]
Vayomer lahem haydaemet et Lavan ben Nachor vayomru yadaenu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'haydaemet' means 'do you know', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'Lavan' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Nachor' is a proper name, 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'yadaenu' means 'we know'.
[GEN.29.6] And he said to them, 'Is there peace for him?' And they said, 'Peace.' And behold, Rachel his daughter came with the flock. [§]
Vayomer lahem hashshalom lo vayomeru shalom vehineh Rachel bito ba'ah im-hatzon.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'hashshalom' is a interrogative form meaning 'is there peace', 'lo' means 'for him', 'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'bito' means 'his daughter', 'ba'ah' means 'came', 'im' means 'with', 'hatzon' means 'the flock'.
[GEN.29.7] And he said, Behold, the day is still great; it is not the time to gather the herd, water the flock, and go shepherd them. [§]
Vayomer hen od hayom gadol lo-et he'asef hamikneh hashku hatzon ulekhu reu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hen' means 'behold', 'od' means 'still' or 'again', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'gadol' means 'great' or 'significant', 'lo-et' means 'not a time', 'he'asef' means 'to be gathered', 'hamikneh' means 'the herd', 'hashku' means 'water' (imperative), 'hatzon' means 'the flock', 'ulekhu' means 'and go', 'reu' means 'tend' or 'shepherd'.
[GEN.29.8] They said, 'We cannot until the clans gather and uncover the stone from the mouth of the well, and we will water the flock.' [§]
vayomru lo nuchal ad asher yeasfu kol ha'adarim vegalelu et ha'even me'al pi hab'er ve'hishkino hatzon.
'vayomru' means 'they said', 'lo' means 'not', 'nuchal' means 'we can (cannot)', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher' means 'that/when', 'yeasfu' means 'they gather', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'adarim' means 'the clans' or 'the tribes', 'vegalelu' means 'and they will uncover', 'et' is a grammatical marker for a direct object, 'ha'even' means 'the stone', 'me'al' means 'from above' or 'off', 'pi' means 'mouth', 'hab'er' means 'the well', 've'hishkino' means 'and we will water', 'hatzon' means 'the flock'.
[GEN.29.9] Still he was speaking with them, and Rachel came with the flock that was her father's, because she is a shepherdess. [§]
Odennu medaber immam veRachel baah im-hatzon asher leavihah ki roah hi.
'Odennu' means 'still', 'medaber' means 'was speaking', 'immam' means 'with them', 'veRachel' means 'and Rachel', 'baah' means 'came', 'im-hatzon' means 'with the flock', 'asher' means 'that', 'leavihah' means 'of her father', 'ki' means 'because', 'roah' means 'she shepherds' or 'she is a shepherdess', 'hi' means 'she'.
[GEN.29.10] And it happened that Jacob saw Rachel, the daughter of Laban, his mother's brother, and the flock of Laban, his mother's brother; Jacob approached, rolled the stone away from the mouth of the well, and gave water to the flock of Laban, his mother's brother. [§]
Vayehi kaasher raah Yaakov et Rachel bat Lavan achi imo veet tzon Lavan achi imo vayiggash Yaakov vayagel et haeven meal pi ha beer vayashq et tzon Lavan achi imo.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'raah' means 'he saw', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Rachel' is the name Rachel, 'bat' means 'daughter of', 'Lavan' is the name Laban, 'achi' means 'my brother', 'imo' means 'of my mother', 'veet' means 'and the', 'tzon' means 'flock', 'vayiggash' means 'and he approached', 'vayagel' means 'and he rolled', 'haeven' means 'the stone', 'meal' means 'from', 'pi' means 'mouth', 'ha beer' means 'the well', 'vayashq' means 'and he gave water to', and the final phrase repeats 'the flock of Lavan, his mother's brother'.
[GEN.29.11] Jacob kissed Rachel, raised his voice, and wept. [§]
Vayishaq Yaakov leRachel vayissa etkolo vayivke.
'Vayishaq' means 'and he kissed', 'Yaakov' is the personal name Jacob, 'leRachel' means 'to Rachel', 'vayissa' means 'and he raised', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no direct translation, 'kolo' means 'his voice', and 'vayivke' means 'and he wept'.
[GEN.29.12] Jacob reported to Rachel that he was the brother of her father, and that he was the son of Rebecca; and she fled and reported to her father. [§]
Vayagged Yaakov leRachel ki achi avihah hu vechi benRivka hu vataratz vattaged leavihah.
'Vayagged' means 'and reported', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'leRachel' means 'to Rachel', 'ki' means 'that', 'achi' means 'brother', 'avihah' means 'her father', 'hu' means 'he', 'vechi' means 'and that', 'benRivka' means 'son of Rebecca', 'vataratz' means 'and she fled', 'vattaged' means 'and she reported', 'leavihah' means 'to her father'.
[GEN.29.13] And when Lavan heard the news Jacob, son of his sister, he ran to meet him, embraced him, kissed him, brought him to his house, and told Lavan all these matters. [§]
Vayehi kishmoa Lavan et-shema Yaakov ben-achoto vayyaratz likraato vaychabek-lo vaynashq-lo vayvi'ehu el-beit-o vaysapper leLavan et kol-hadvarim ha'eleh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kishmoa' means 'when hearing', 'Lavan' is a proper name, 'et-shema' means 'the hearing' or 'the news', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'ben-achoto' means 'son of his sister', 'vayyaratz' means 'and he ran', 'likraato' means 'to meet him', 'vaychabek-lo' means 'and he embraced him', 'vaynashq-lo' means 'and he kissed him', 'vayvi'ehu' means 'and he brought him', 'el-beit-o' means 'to his house', 'vaysapper' means 'and he told', 'leLavan' means 'to Lavan', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (untranslated), 'kol-hadvarim' means 'all the matters', 'ha'eleh' means 'these'.
[GEN.29.14] And Laban said to him, "You are only my own bone and flesh," and he stayed with him for a month. [§]
Vayomer lo Lavan akh atzmi uvesari attah vayyeshev immo chodesh yamim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Lavan' is the personal name Laban, 'akh' means 'only', 'atzmi' means 'my bone', 'uvesari' means 'and my flesh', 'attah' means 'you', 'vayyeshev' means 'and he dwelt/ stayed', 'immo' means 'with him', 'chodesh' means 'a month', 'yamim' means 'days' (used together as an idiom for a month). The phrase 'akh atzmi uvesari attah' is an idiom meaning 'you are as my own bone and flesh', i.e., a close kin.
[GEN.29.15] And Laban said to Jacob, 'Indeed you are my brother; you have served me briefly, now tell me what your wages are.' [§]
Vayomer Lavan leYaakov hachi-achi attah vaavadtani chinam haggida li ma-mas'kurtkha.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'Lavan' is the name Laban, 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'hachi-achi' means 'indeed my brother' (a phrase expressing brotherly relationship), 'attah' means 'you', 'vaavadtani' means 'and you have served me', 'chinam' means 'a short while' or 'briefly', 'haggida' means 'tell' (imperative), 'li' means 'to me', 'ma-mas'kurtkha' means 'what is your wages' (mas'kur = wage, reward).
[GEN.29.16] Laban had two daughters; the name of the older was Leah and the name of the younger was Rachel. [§]
u-leh-Lavan shtei banaot shem ha-gdola Leah ve-shem ha-ktana Rachel.
'u' means 'and', 'leh' is a conjunction meaning 'and' in this context, 'Lavan' is a proper name meaning 'white', 'shtei' means 'two', 'banaot' means 'daughters', 'shem' means 'name', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'gdola' means 'greater' or 'older', 'Leah' is a proper name meaning 'weary', 've' means 'and', 'shem' again means 'name', 'ha' again means 'the', 'ktana' means 'smaller' or 'younger', 'Rachel' is a proper name meaning 'ewe'.
[GEN.29.17] Leah's eyes were gentle, and Rachel was beautiful in form and in appearance. [§]
ve einei Leah rakot ve Rachel hayta yephat-toar viypat mareh.
've' means 'and', 'einei' means 'eyes of', 'Leah' is the name Leah, 'rakot' means 'tender' or 'soft', 've' again means 'and', 'Rachel' is the name Rachel, 'hayta' means 'was', 'yephat' (or 'yefat') means 'beautiful', 'toar' means 'form' or 'appearance', 'viypat' means 'and beautiful' (repeating the adjective for emphasis), 'mareh' means 'sight' or 'appearance'.
[GEN.29.18] And Jacob loved Rachel, and said, I will serve you seven years for Rachel, your younger daughter. [§]
Vaye'ehav Ya'akov et-Rachel vayomer e'evadkha sheva shanim beRachel bittkha haketanah.
'Vaye'ehav' means 'and he loved', 'Ya'akov' is the personal name Jacob, 'et-Rachel' is the object marker 'Rachel', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'e'evadkha' means 'I will serve you', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shanim' means 'years', 'beRachel' means 'for Rachel', 'bittkha' means 'your daughter', 'haketanah' means 'the younger'.
[GEN.29.19] And Laban said, It is better that I give her to you than that I give her to another man; stay with me. [§]
Vayomer Lavan tov titti otah lach, mititi otah leish acher, sheva imadi.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Lavan' is the proper name Laban, 'tov' means 'good' but in this idiom functions as 'better', 'titti' means 'I will give', 'otah' means 'her', 'lach' means 'to you', 'mititi' means 'than I will give', the second 'otah' again means 'her', 'leish' means 'to a man', 'acher' means 'another', 'sheva' means 'stay', 'imadi' means 'with me'.
[GEN.29.20] And Jacob served Rachel for seven years, and in his eyes they seemed like a single day because of his love for her. [§]
Vayavad Yaakov beRachel sheva shanim vayihyu beeinav keyamim achadim beahavato ota.
'Vayavad' means 'and he served', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'beRachel' means 'in Rachel', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shanim' means 'years', 'vayihyu' means 'and they were', 'beeinav' means 'in his eyes', 'keyamim' means 'as days', 'achadim' means 'one', 'beahavato' means 'in his love', 'ota' means 'her'.
[GEN.29.21] And Jacob said to Laban, Bring my wife, for my days are full, and I will go to her. [§]
Vayomer Yaakov el Lavan havah et ishti ki malu yami ve'avoa eileha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yaakov' is the personal name Jacob, 'el' means 'to', 'Lavan' is a personal name, 'havah' is the imperative 'bring', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ishti' means 'my wife', 'ki' means 'because', 'malu' means 'have filled', 'yami' means 'my days', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'avoa' means 'I will go', 'eileha' means 'to her'.
[GEN.29.22] And Laban gathered all the men of the place and made a feast. [§]
Vaye'esof Lavan et-kol anshei ha-makom vayya'as mishteh.
'Vaye'esof' means 'and (he) gathered', 'Lavan' is the name Laban, 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'vayya'as' means 'and (he) made', 'mishteh' means 'a feast'.
[GEN.29.23] It happened in the evening that he took Leah his daughter and brought her to him and he went into her. [§]
Vayehi baerev vayikach et-Leah bito vayaveh ota elav vayavo eleha.
'Vayehi' means 'it happened', 'baerev' means 'in the evening', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'Leah' is the proper name Leah, 'bito' means 'his daughter', 'vayaveh' means 'and he brought', 'ota' means 'her', 'elav' means 'to him', 'vayavo' means 'and he went', 'eleha' means 'into her'.
[GEN.29.24] And Laban gave her Zilpah, his maidservant, to Leah his daughter as a maid. [§]
Vayiten Lavan lah et Zilpah shifchato leLeah beto shifchah.
'Vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'Lavan' is the personal name Laban, 'lah' means 'to her', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Zilpah' is a proper name, 'shifchato' means 'his maidservant', 'leLeah' means 'to Leah', 'beto' means 'his daughter', and 'shifchah' means 'a maid' or 'a female servant'.
[GEN.29.25] And it was in the morning, and behold it was Leah; and he said to Laban, 'What is this that you have done to me? Did not I serve with Rachel, and why have you deceived me?' [§]
vayhi baboker vehineh-hu Leah vayomer el-Lavan mah-zot asita li halo beRachel avadti imach velama rimitani.
'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vehineh-hu' means 'and behold it is', 'Leah' is the proper name Leah, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el-Lavan' means 'to Laban', 'mah-zot' means 'what is this', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'li' means 'to me', 'halo' means 'did not', 'beRachel' means 'with Rachel', 'avadti' means 'I served', 'imach' means 'with you', 'velama' means 'and why', 'rimitani' means 'you have deceived me'.
[GEN.29.26] And Laban said, It shall not be done this way in our place, to give the younger before the older. [§]
Vayomer Lavan lo ye'aseh ken bimekomenu latet hatze'irah lifnei habkichirah.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Lavan' is the proper name Laban, 'lo' means 'not', 'ye'aseh' means 'will be done', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'in this way', 'bimekomenu' means 'in our place' or 'among us', 'latet' means 'to give', 'hatze'irah' means 'the younger (female)', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'habkichirah' means 'the older (female)'.
[GEN.29.27] Complete this week, and it will also be given to you by the work that you will do with me again for seven other years. [§]
male shavu'a zot ve-nitna lecha gam et zot ba'avodah asher ta'avod imadi od sheva shanim acharot.
'male' means 'complete', 'shavu'a' means 'week', 'zot' means 'this', 've-nitna' means 'and it will be given', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'gam' means 'also', 'et' is the object marker, 'zot' again means 'this', 'ba'avodah' means 'by work', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ta'avod' means 'you will work', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'od' means 'again' or 'more', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shanim' means 'years', 'acherot' means 'other'.
[GEN.29.28] And Jacob did so, and he completed this period, and he gave him Rachel his daughter as a wife. [§]
vayiaas Yaakov ken vayimale shevuah zot vayiten lo et Rachel bitto leisha.
'vayiaas' means 'and he did', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', 'vayimale' means 'and he filled/completed', 'shevuah' means 'week/period', 'zot' means 'this', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'Rachel' is the proper name Rachel, 'bitto' means 'his daughter', 'leisha' means 'as a wife'.
[GEN.29.29] And Lavan gave Rachel his daughter Bilhah, his maid, to her as a maid. [§]
Vayyiten Lavan leRachel bitto et Bilhah shifchato lah leshifchah.
'Vayyiten' means 'and gave', 'Lavan' is the name Lavan, 'leRachel' means 'to Rachel', 'bitto' means 'his daughter', 'et' is the accusative marker introducing the object, 'Bilhah' is the name Bilhah, 'shifchato' means 'his maid', 'lah' means 'to her', 'leshifchah' means 'as a maid' or 'for a maid'.
[GEN.29.30] And he also went to Rachel, and he also loved Rachel more than Leah, and he served with her again for another seven years. [§]
Vayyavo gam el Rachel vay'ehav gam et Rachel milleah vayya'av immo od sheva shanim acherot.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came/ went', 'gam' means 'also', 'el Rachel' means 'to Rachel', 'vay'ehav' means 'and he loved', 'gam et Rachel' means 'also Rachel', 'milleah' means 'more than' (comparative of full), 'vayya'av' means 'and he served', 'immo' means 'with her', 'od' means 'again', 'sheva shanim' means 'seven years', 'acherot' means 'other' or 'additional'.
[GEN.29.31] Yahveh saw that Leah was despised, and He opened her womb, and Rachel was barren. [§]
Vayar Yehovah ki senuah Leah vayiftach et rachmah veRachel akarah.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Yehovah' is the phonetic rendering of the divine name YHWH which we translate as 'Yahveh', 'ki' means 'that', 'senuah' means 'hated' or 'despised', 'Leah' is the name of Jacob's wife, 'vayiftach' means 'and opened', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'rachmah' means 'her womb', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'Rachel' is the other wife, and 'akarah' means 'was barren'.
[GEN.29.32] And Leah bore a son and called his name Reuben, for she said, because Yahveh has seen my affliction, for now my husband will love me. [§]
vatahar Leah vateled ben vatikra shmo Reuben ki amarah ki raah Yahveh b'ani ki attah ye'ehavani ishi.
'vatahar' means 'and she bore', 'Leah' is the name Leah, 'vateled' means 'and gave birth', 'ben' means 'son', 'vatikra' means 'and called', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'Reuben' is the name Reuben, 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'amarah' means 'she said', 'raah' means 'has seen', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'b'ani' means 'in my affliction', 'attah' means 'now', 'ye'ehavani' means 'will love me', 'ishi' means 'my husband'.
[GEN.29.33] And she became pregnant again and gave birth to a son, and she said, "Yahveh has heard because I was despised," and He gave me also this, and she called his name Shimon. [§]
Vataher od vatedel ben vatomar ki-shama Yahveh ki-senuah anochi vayiten-li gam-et-zeh vatikra shmo Shimon.
'Vataher' means 'and she became pregnant again', 'od' means 'again', 'vatedel' means 'and she gave birth', 'ben' means 'a son', 'vatomer' means 'and she said', 'ki-shama' means 'because Yahveh has heard', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ki-senuah' means 'because I was despised', 'anochi' means 'I', 'vayiten-li' means 'and He gave to me', 'gam' means 'also', 'et' is a particle marking the object, 'zeh' means 'this', 'vatikra' means 'and she called', 'shmo' means 'his name', and 'Shimon' is the proper name meaning 'heard'.
[GEN.29.34] And again she bore a son, and said, Now this time my husband will be joined to me because I have given birth to him three sons; therefore he called his name Levi. [§]
vatahar od vateled ben vatoamer atta ha-pam yilaveh ishi elai ki yaldti lo shloshah banim al-ken kara-shmo Levi.
'vatahar' means 'and she bore', 'od' means 'again', 'vateled' means 'and gave birth', 'ben' means 'a son', 'vatoamer' means 'and said', 'atta' means 'now', 'ha-pam' means 'this time', 'yilaveh' means 'my husband will be joined', 'ishi' means 'to me' (literally 'my husband'), 'elai' means 'to me', 'ki' means 'because', 'yaldti' means 'I have given birth', 'lo' means 'to him', 'shloshah' means 'three', 'banim' means 'sons', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'kara-shmo' means 'he called his name', 'Levi' is a proper name.
[GEN.29.35] And she conceived again and gave birth to a son, and she said, 'This time I will thank Yahveh,' therefore she named him Judah, and she stopped bearing. [§]
vatta har od vatteled ben vata omer hapaam ode et Yahveh al ken karah shmo Yehudah vataamod milledet
'vatta har' means 'and she conceived', 'od' means 'again', 'vatteled' means 'and gave birth', 'ben' means 'son', 'vata omer' means 'and she said', 'ha paam' means 'this time', 'ode' means 'I will thank', 'et' is a grammatical particle marking the direct object, 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'al ken' means 'therefore', 'karah' means 'she called', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'vata amod' means 'and she ceased', 'milledet' means 'to bear'.
GEN.30
[GEN.30.1] And Rachel saw that she had not borne children to Jacob, and Rachel was jealous of her sister, and she said to Jacob, Give me children, or if none, I shall die. [§]
va-tere re Rachel ki lo yalda leYaakov ve-tekane Rachel ba-achotah va-toamer el-Yaakov habeh-li banim ve-im ayin meta anochi.
'va' means 'and', 'tere' means 'saw', 're' is the feminine suffix attached to the verb, 'Rachel' is the proper name, 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yalda' means 'bore' or 'gave birth', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob', 've' means 'and', 'tekane' means 'was jealous', 'ba-achotah' means 'of her sister', 'va-toamer' means 'and she said', 'el-Yaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'habeh-li' means 'give me', 'banim' means 'children', 've-im' means 'or if', 'ayin' means 'nothing' or 'no', 'meta' means 'I die', 'anochi' means 'I'.
[GEN.30.2] And Jacob was angry with Rachel, and he said, 'Under the Gods I am, I who withheld from you fruit of the womb.' [§]
vayichar-af Yaakov beRachél vayomar hatachat Elohim anochi asher-mana mimekh pri-baten.
'vayichar-af' means 'and was angry', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'beRachél' means 'with Rachel', 'vayomar' means 'and said', 'hatachat' means 'under', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'anochi' means 'I am', 'asher-mana' means 'who withheld', 'mimekh' means 'from you', 'pri-baten' means 'fruit of the womb'.
[GEN.30.3] And she said, Behold my sister Bilhah, go to her and she will bear upon my thighs, and I also will build from her. [§]
vato'omer hineh amati bilhah bo eleha ve-teled al birkay veivaneh gam anochi mimmnah.
'vato'omer' means 'and she said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'amati' means 'my sister', 'bilhah' is a proper name, 'bo' means 'go', 'eleha' means 'to her', 've-teled' means 'and she will bear', 'al birkay' means 'upon my thighs', 'veivaneh' means 'and I will build', 'gam anochi' means 'also I', 'mimmnah' means 'from her'.
[GEN.30.4] And she gave him Bilhah his maidservant as a wife, and Jacob went to her. [§]
va titen lo et Bilhah shifchatah leisha va yavo elaha Yaakov.
'va' means 'and', 'titen' means 'gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Bilhah' is a proper name, 'shifchatah' means 'her maidservant', 'leisha' means 'as a wife', 'va' means 'and' again, 'yavo' means 'came' or 'went', 'elaha' means 'to her', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob'.
[GEN.30.5] And Bilhah bore a son to Jacob. [§]
Vatahar Bilhah vateled leYaakov ben.
'Vatahar' means 'and she bore', 'Bilhah' is a personal name, 'vateled' means 'and she gave birth', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'ben' means 'son'.
[GEN.30.6] And Rachel said, 'the Gods, grant me a child; also you have heard my voice and gave me a son; therefore she called his name Dan.' [§]
Vatomer Rachel danani Elohim vegam shama be'koli vayiten-li ben al-ken karah shemo Dan.
'Vatomer' means 'and she said', 'Rachel' is the name Rachel, 'danani' means 'grant to me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'vegam' means 'also', 'shama' means 'heard', 'be'koli' means 'my voice', 'vayiten-li' means 'and gave to me', 'ben' means 'son', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'karah' means 'called', 'shemo' means 'his name', 'Dan' is the name Dan.
[GEN.30.7] And she conceived again and bore Bilhah, the maidservant of Rachel, a second son for Jacob. [§]
Vatahar od vateled Bilhah shifchat Rachel ben sheni leYaakov.
'Vatahar' means 'and she conceived', 'od' means 'again', 'vateled' means 'and she bore', 'Bilhah' is a proper name, 'shifchat' means 'maidservant of', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son', 'sheni' means 'second', 'leYaakov' means 'for Jacob'.
[GEN.30.8] And she said, Rachel naphtulei the Gods, I have been turned with my sister also I could, and she called his name Naphtali. [§]
va'tomer Rachel naphtulei Elohim nif'talti im achoti gam yacholti va'tikra shmo naphtali.
'va'tomer' means 'and she said', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'naphtulei' is a transliteration of the Hebrew word often treated as a name, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'nif'talti' means 'I have been turned' or 'I turned', 'im' means 'with', 'achoti' means 'my sister', 'gam' means 'also', 'yacholti' means 'I could' or 'I was able', 'va'tikra' means 'and she called', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'naphtali' is a proper name.
[GEN.30.9] And Leah saw that Jacob was lingering after the birth, and she took Zilpah her maid and gave her to Jacob as a wife. [§]
vatre leah ki amda milde vatikach et zilpa shifchatah vattiten otah leyaakov leishah.
'vatre' means 'and she saw', 'leah' is the proper name Leah, 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'amda' means 'stood' or 'lingered', 'milde' means 'from the birth' (a phrase indicating a period after childbirth), 'vatikach' means 'and she took', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'zilpa' is the proper name Zilpah, 'shifchatah' means 'her maidservant', 'vattiten' means 'and she gave', 'otah' means 'her' (referring to Zilpah), 'leyaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'leishah' means 'as a wife'.
[GEN.30.10] And Zilpah, Leah's servant, bore Jacob a son. [§]
Vatelad Zilpah shipchat Leah leYaakov ben.
'Vatelad' means 'and (she) bore', 'Zilpah' is a proper name, 'shipchat' means 'female servant', 'Leah' is a proper name, 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob' (or 'for Jacob'), 'ben' means 'son'.
[GEN.30.11] And Leah said, 'Good fortune!' and she called his name Gad. [§]
Vato'omer Leah bagad vatikra et-shmo Gad.
'Vato'omer' means 'and she said', 'Leah' is the proper name Leah, 'bagad' means 'good fortune' (an idiom of rejoicing at birth), 'vatikra' means 'and she called', 'et-shmo' means 'his name', 'Gad' is the proper name Gad (meaning 'fortune' or 'luck').
[GEN.30.12] And Zilpah, Leah's maidservant, bore Jacob a second son. [§]
vateled Zilpah shifchat Leah ben sheni leYaakov.
'vateled' means 'and she gave birth', 'Zilpah' is a proper name, 'shifchat' means 'maidservant', 'Leah' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son', 'sheni' means 'second', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob' or 'Jacob's'.
[GEN.30.13] Leah said, "How fortunate, because I have been made happy with sons," and she called his name Asher. [§]
Va-tomer Leah beashri ki isharuni banot va-tikra et-shemo Asher.
'Va-tomer' means 'and she said', 'Leah' is the proper name Leah, 'beashri' means 'in my happiness' or 'how fortunate', 'ki' means 'because', 'isharuni' means 'has made me happy' (the verb from "shar" meaning to bring happiness), 'banot' means 'sons' (or children), 'va-tikra' means 'and she called', 'et-shemo' means 'his name', and 'Asher' is a personal name meaning 'happy' or 'fortunate'.
[GEN.30.14] And Reuben walked in the days of the wheat harvest, and he found pomegranates in the field, and he brought them to Leah his mother, and Rachel said to Leah, "Please give me some of your son's pomegranates." [§]
Vayeilekh Reuven bimei ketsir chitim vayimtsa dudaim basade vayaveh otam el-Leah immo vatoamer Rachel el-Leah t'ni na li midudai b'nekh.
'Vayeilekh' means 'and he walked', 'Reuven' is a proper name, 'bimei' means 'in the days of', 'ketsir' means 'harvest', 'chitim' means 'wheat', 'vayimtsa' means 'and he found', 'dudaim' means 'pomegranates', 'basade' means 'in the field', 'vayaveh' means 'and he brought', 'otam' means 'them', 'el-Leah' means 'to Leah', 'immo' means 'his mother', 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'teni na' means 'please give', 'li' means 'to me', 'midudai' means 'of the pomegranates', 'b'nekh' means 'of your son'.
[GEN.30.15] And she said to her, the younger you have taken my husband, and also take the twins of my son; and Rachel said, therefore lie with you tonight under the twins of your sons. [§]
Vatoamer la hamaat kachtekh et-ishi velakachat gam et-dudai beni Vatoamer Rachel lachen yishkav imakh halayla tachat dudai bnekh.
Vatoamer means 'and she said', la means 'to her', hamaat means 'the less' (the younger or lesser), kachtekh means 'you took', et-ishi means 'my husband', velakachat means 'and also take', gam means 'also', et-dudai means 'the twins', beni means 'my son', Vatoamer again means 'and she said', Rachel is a proper name, lachen means 'therefore', yishkav means 'lie', imakh means 'with you', halayla means 'the night', tachat means 'under', dudai means 'the twins', bnekh means 'your sons'.
[GEN.30.16] Jacob came from the field in the evening; Leah went out to meet him and said to him, "Come to me, for I have paid you; I have given you the reward of my sons." He lay with her that night. [§]
Vayyavo Yaakov min-hashadeh ba'erev vateitze Leah likroto vato'amer elai tavo ki sachor sekarticha bedudai beni vayishkav imah balaila hu.
'Vayyavo' means 'and came', 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob, 'min-hashadeh' means 'from the field', 'ba'erev' means 'in the evening', 'vateitze' means 'and went out', 'Leah' is the proper name Leah, 'likroto' means 'to meet him', 'vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'elai' means 'to me', 'tavo' means 'come', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'sachor' means 'reward' or 'wage', 'sekarticha' means 'I have paid you', 'bedudai' (literally 'in my sons''), a construct phrase meaning 'in the wages of my sons', 'beni' means 'my sons', 'vayishkav' means 'and he lay', 'imah' means 'with her', 'balaila' means 'that night', 'hu' means 'he'.
[GEN.30.17] And the Gods heard Leah, and she conceived and bore Jacob a fifth son. [§]
Vayishma Elohim el-Leah vatahar vateled leYaakov ben chamishi.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el-Leah' means 'to Leah', 'vatahar' means 'and she conceived', 'vateled' means 'and she bore', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'ben' means 'son', 'chamishi' means 'fifth'.
[GEN.30.18] And Leah said, the Gods have given my reward that I gave my maidservant to my husband, and she called his name Yissachar. [§]
va'tomer Leah natan Elohim sekhari asher natati shifchati le'ishi va'tikra shemo Yissachar.
'va'tomer' means 'and said', 'Leah' is the personal name Leah, 'natan' means 'gave', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'sekhari' means 'my reward', 'asher' means 'that', 'natati' means 'I gave', 'shifchati' means 'my maidservant', 'le'ishi' means 'to my husband', 'va'tikra' means 'and called', 'shem-o' means 'his name', 'Yissachar' is a proper name (meaning 'there is reward').
[GEN.30.19] And Leah again gave birth, a sixth son to Jacob. [§]
vatahar od Leah vateled ben shishi leYaakov.
'vatahar' means 'and she gave birth', 'od' means 'again', 'Leah' is the personal name Leah, 'vateled' means 'and she bore', 'ben' means 'son', 'shishi' means 'sixth', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob' (for Jacob).
[GEN.30.20] And Leah said, my husband the Gods to me a good gift; this time my husband will give me, because I have borne him six sons, and she called his name Zebulun. [§]
vatomer Leah zebadani Elohim oti zeved tov hapaam yizbleini ishi ki yaladti lo shisha banim vatikra et-shmo zebulun.
'vatomer' means 'and said', 'Leah' is a personal name, 'zebadani' means 'my husband', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'oti' means 'to me', 'zeved' means 'a gift', 'tov' means 'good', 'hapaam' means 'this time', 'yizbleini' means 'will give me', 'ishi' means 'my husband', 'ki' means 'because', 'yaladti' means 'I have borne', 'lo' means 'to him', 'shisha' means 'six', 'banim' means 'sons', 'vatikra' means 'and she called', 'et-shmo' means 'his name', 'zebulun' is a personal name.
[GEN.30.21] Afterward she gave birth to a daughter and called her Dinah. [§]
ve-ahar yaldah bat va-tikra et-shemah Dina.
've-ahar' means 'and after/afterward', 'yaldah' means 'she gave birth', 'bat' means 'a daughter', 'va-tikra' means 'and she called', 'et-shemah' means 'her name', 'Dina' is a proper name meaning 'judgment'.
[GEN.30.22] The Gods remembered Rachel, and the Gods heard her, and opened her mercy. [§]
vayyizkor Elohim et-Rachel vayishma eileha Elohim vayiftach et-rachmah.
'vayyizkor' means 'and (he) remembered', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Rachel' is the proper name Rachel, 'vayishma' means 'and (he) heard', 'eileha' means 'to her', the second 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 'vayiftach' means 'and (he) opened', 'et' again the object marker, and 'rachmah' means 'mercy' or 'compassion'.
[GEN.30.23] And she conceived and gave birth to a son, and she said, "The Gods gathered my disgrace." [§]
vatahar vatelede ben vatoamer asaf elohim et cherpati.
'vatahar' means 'and she conceived', 'vateled' means 'and she gave birth', 'ben' means 'son', 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'asaf' means 'gathered', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is a grammatical object marker (not rendered in English), 'cherpati' means 'my disgrace'.
[GEN.30.24] And she called his name Joseph, saying, May Yahveh add to me another son. [§]
Vatikra et-shemo Yosef le'emor Yosef Yahveh li ben acher.
'Vatikra' means 'and she called', 'et-shemo' means 'his name', 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph, 'le\'emor' means 'to say', 'Yosef' (verb) means 'may (He) add/increase', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'li' means 'to me', 'ben' means 'son', 'acher' means 'another'.
[GEN.30.25] And it happened when Rachel bore Joseph, Jacob said to Laban, Send me away and I will go to my own place and to my land. [§]
Vayehi ka'asher yaldah Rachel et Yosef vayomer Yaakov el Lavan shalacheni ve'elecha el makomi u leartzi.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened'; 'ka'asher' means 'when' or 'as'; 'yaldah' means 'she bore/ gave birth'; 'Rachel' is the proper name Rachel; 'et' is the accusative particle marking the direct object; 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph; 'vayomer' means 'and said'; 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob; 'el' means 'to' or 'unto'; 'Lavan' is the proper name Laban; 'shalacheni' means 'send me away' (imperative of shalach plus first‑person object); 've' means 'and'; 'elecha' means 'I will go'; 'el' means 'to'; 'makomi' means 'my place' (makom + first‑person suffix); 'u' means 'and'; 'leartzi' means 'to my land' (eretz + first‑person suffix).
[GEN.30.26] Give my wives and my children that I served you among them, and I will go, for you knew my work which I served you. [§]
tena et-nashai ve-et-yladai asher avadi otkha bahen ve-elekha ki atha yadata et-avodati asher avadetkha.
'tena' means 'give', 'et' is a direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'nashai' means 'my wives', 've' means 'and', 'yladai' means 'my children', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'avadi' means 'I served', 'otkha' means 'you' (masculine object), 'bahen' means 'among them' or 'in them', 've' again means 'and', 'elekha' means 'I will go', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'atha' means 'you' (subject), 'yadata' means 'you knew', 'et' again is a direct object marker, 'avodati' means 'my work' or 'my service', 'asher' again means 'that/which', 'avadetkha' means 'I served you'.
[GEN.30.27] And he said to him, Laban, 'If indeed I have found favor in your eyes, I have become [transformed], and Yahveh blessed me because of you.' [§]
Vayomer elav Lavan im-na matzati chen be'ineicha nichashti vayevarkheni Yahveh biglalecha.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Lavan' is the personal name Laban, 'im-na' means 'if indeed' or 'if please', 'matzati' means 'I have found', 'chen' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'be'ineicha' means 'in your eyes', 'nichashti' means 'I have become' (from the root for 'to become' or 'to be transformed'), 'vayevarkheni' means 'and He blessed me', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, and 'biglalecha' means 'because of you' or 'on your behalf'.
[GEN.30.28] And he said, "Let your reward be upon me, and I will give it." [§]
Vayomer nakbah sechar'kha alai ve'etena.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'nakbah' is an imperative form meaning 'let (it) be taken' or 'let (it) be placed', 'sechar'kha' means 'your reward', 'alai' means 'upon me', and 've'etena' means 'and I will give (it)'.
[GEN.30.29] And he said to him, 'You have known what I served you and what was your livestock with me.' [§]
Vayomer elav attah yadatah et asher avadtikha ve'et asher haya miknekha itti.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'attah' means 'you (masc singular)', 'yadatah' means 'you have known', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (normally not translated), 'asher' means 'that which', 'avadtikha' means 'I served you', 've'et' means 'and' plus another direct‑object marker, 'asher' again means 'that which', 'haya' means 'was', 'miknekha' means 'your livestock or property', 'itti' means 'with me'.
[GEN.30.30] Because a little that was yours before me, and He spread it for the many, and Yahveh blessed you to my foot, and now when will I also do for my house. [§]
Ki meat asher-hayah lekha lefanai vayiprotz larob vayvarekh Yahveh otkha leragli veata matay eeseh gam-anokhi leveiti.
'Ki' means 'because', 'meat' means 'a little', 'asher-hayah' means 'that was', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'vayiprotz' means 'and he/she/it spread for', 'larob' means 'the many', 'vayvarekh' means 'and he blessed', 'Yahveh' is the divine name, 'otkha' means 'you', 'leragli' means 'to my foot', 'veata' means 'now', 'matay' means 'when', 'eeseh' means 'I will do', 'gam-anokhi' means 'also I', 'leveiti' means 'for my house'.
[GEN.30.31] And he said, 'What shall I give you?' And Jacob said, 'You shall not give me any measure; if you will do this thing for me, I will return, I will tend your flock and I will guard it.' [§]
Vayomer ma etten lakh? Vayomer Yaakov lo titen li me'umah im ta'aseh li hadavar hazeh ashuvah er'eh tzo'necha esh'mor.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ma' means 'what', 'etten' means 'shall I give', 'lakh' means 'to you (feminine)'. 'Yaakov' is the personal name Jacob. 'Lo' means 'not', 'titen' means 'you will give', 'li' means 'to me', 'me'umah' means 'a measure' or 'any amount'. 'Im' means 'if', 'ta'aseh' means 'you will do', 'hadavar' means 'the thing' or 'the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this'. 'Ashuvah' means 'I will return', 'er'eh' means 'I will tend' or 'shepherd', 'tzo'necha' means 'your flock', and 'eshmor' means 'I will keep' or 'guard'.
[GEN.30.32] I will pass through all your flocks today, remove from there every pure and unblemished ram, and every naked ram in the harvest, and unblemished and pure among the goats, and my reward will be. [§]
Eevor b'khol tzoankeha hayom haser misham kol she nakod vetalu vekol shechum bakkshavim vetalu venakod ba'azim vehayah sekhari.
'Eevor' means 'I will pass through', 'b'khol' means 'through all', 'tzoankeha' means 'your flocks', 'hayom' means 'today', 'haser' means 'remove', 'misham' means 'from there', 'kol' means 'all', 'she' means 'ram', 'nakod' means 'pure', 'vetalu' means 'and unblemished', 'vekol' means 'and all', 'shechum' means 'ram that is naked', 'bakkshavim' means 'in the harvest', 'venakod' means 'and pure', 'ba'azim' means 'among the goats', 'vehayah' means 'and will be', 'sekhari' means 'my reward'.
[GEN.30.33] And my righteousness answered me on the morrow, because you will come upon my wages before you; all that is not pure and clean among the goats and the heap in the grain, he is a thief with me. [§]
Ve'antah-bi tzidkati be'yom machar ki-tavo al-shekri lefanekha kol asher-eineno nakod ve'talu ba'azzim ve'chum bakashavim ganuv hu itti.
'Ve' means 'and', 'antah' means 'answered', 'bi' means 'to me', 'tzidkati' means 'my righteousness', 'be'yom' means 'on the day', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'ki' means 'because', 'tavo' means 'you will come', 'al' means 'upon', 'shekri' means 'my wages', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'eineno' means 'is not', 'nakod' means 'pure', 've'talu' means 'and clean', 'ba'azzim' means 'among the goats', 've'chum' means 'and a heap', 'bakashavim' means 'in the grain', 'ganuv' means 'a thief', 'hu' means 'he', 'itti' means 'with me'.
[GEN.30.34] And Lavan said, Behold, it shall be according to your word. [§]
Vayomer Lavan hen lu yihi kidvarecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Lavan' is the personal name Lavan, 'hen' means 'behold', 'lu' functions as a pronoun meaning 'it' or 'so', 'yihi' means 'shall be', 'kidvarecha' means 'according to your word' ('k' = according to, 'dvar' = word, '-echa' = your).
[GEN.30.35] And on that day he removed the young goats that were marked and the blemished, and all the goats that were speckled and the blemished, everything that was white in them, and all the dung in the grain, and he gave them into the hand of his sons. [§]
Vayassar bayom hahu et-hateyashim haaqudim vehattiluim ve'et kol-hazizim hanequdot vehattiluot kol asher-lavan bo vekol chum bakashavim vayitten beyad-banav.
'Vayassar' means 'and he removed', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'hateyashim' means 'the young goats', 'haaqudim' means 'the marked (or branded)', 'vehattiluim' means 'and the blemished', 've'et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'hazizim' means 'the goats', 'hanequdot' means 'the speckled', 'vehattiluot' means 'and the blemished', 'kol' means 'everything', 'asher-lavan' means 'that was white', 'bo' means 'in it', 'vekol' means 'and all', 'chum' means 'dung', 'bakashavim' means 'in the grain', 'vayitten' means 'he gave', 'beyad' means 'into the hand of', 'banav' means 'his sons'.
[GEN.30.36] He set a three-day way between him and Jacob, and Jacob was shepherding the remaining flock of Laban. [§]
vayyasm derekh shloshet yamim beyno uveyn yaakov veyakov roeh et tson laban hanotarot.
'vayyasm' means 'he set', 'derekh' means 'a way', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'beyno' means 'between him', 'uveyn' means 'and between', 'yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'veyakov' means 'and Jacob', 'roeh' means 'was shepherding', 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'tson' means 'flock', 'laban' is the proper name Laban, 'hanotarot' means 'the remaining (sheep)'.
[GEN.30.37] And Jacob took for himself a staff of white, blue, purple and crimson, and he cut it into sections for the daughters, a white covering that was on the staffs. [§]
Va-yikach lo Yaakov makkel livneh lach ve-luz ve-ermon vayifazel ba-hen petzalot levnot machshef ha-lavan asher al ha-maklot.
'Va-yikach' means 'and he took', 'lo' means 'for himself', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'makkel' means 'a staff', 'livneh' means 'white', 'lach' means 'blue', 've-luz' means 'and purple', 've-ermon' means 'and crimson', 'vayifazel' means 'and he cut it', 'ba-hen' means 'into these', 'petzalot' means 'sections', 'levnot' means 'for the daughters', 'machshef' means 'a covering', 'ha-lavan' means 'the white', 'asher' means 'that', 'al' means 'on', 'ha-maklot' means 'the staffs'.
[GEN.30.38] And he set up the rods that were broken in the floods at the watering places of the water which the flock would come to drink for the drinking of the flock, and they were warmed when they came to drink. [§]
Vayatzeig et hamaklot asher pitzeil barahatim be-shikot hamayim asher tavo ha-tson lish'tot le-nokach ha-tson vayachamna be-voan lish'tot.
'Vayatzeig' means 'And he set up', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hamaklot' means 'the rods', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'pitzeil' means 'were broken', 'barahatim' means 'in the floods', 'be-shikot' means 'in the watering places', 'hamayim' means 'the water', 'tavo' means 'would come', 'ha-tson' means 'the flock', 'lish'tot' means 'to drink', 'le-nokach' means 'for the sake of', 'vayachamna' means 'and they were warmed', 'be-voan' means 'when they came'. The phrase 'le-nokach ha-tson' is an idiom meaning 'for the drinking of the flock'.
[GEN.30.39] And the flock grew hot to the sticks and the flock gave birth to spotted, speckled and blemished ones. [§]
Va-yechemu ha-tzon el ha-maklot va-teladna ha-tzon akudim nequdim u-t'laim.
'Va-yechemu' means 'and they grew hot', 'ha-tzon' means 'the flock', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-maklot' means 'the sticks' or 'the poles', 'va-teladna' means 'and they gave birth', 'akudim' means 'spotted' or 'marked', 'nequdim' means 'speckled' or 'dotted', 'u-t'laim' means 'and blemished' or 'and marked'.
[GEN.30.40] And the goats Jacob separated, and he gave the foreparts of the flock to the rock, and all the young goats in Lavan's flock, and he set aside some herds for himself, and he did not place them among Lavan's flock. [§]
veha'kesavim hefriid Ya'akov vayiten pnei ha-tzon el-Aqod vechol chum be-tzon Lavan vayashet-lo adarim le'vado velo shatam al tzon Lavan.
'veha'kesavim' means 'and the goats', 'hefriid' means 'separated', 'Ya'akov' is the personal name Jacob, 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'pnei' means 'the fronts' or 'foreparts', 'ha-tzon' means 'the flock', 'el-Aqod' means 'to the rock', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'chum' means 'young goats', 'be-tzon Lavan' means 'in Lavan's flock', 'vayashet-lo' means 'and he set aside for him', 'adarim' means 'herds' or 'flocks', 'le'vado' means 'for himself', 'velo' means 'and not', 'shatam' means 'did he place them', 'al tzon Lavan' means 'among Lavan's flock'.
[GEN.30.41] And it will be in every flock that is bound, and Jacob will set the staffs before the eyes of the flock in the storms to feed them with the staffs. [§]
ve-hayah be-khol yachem ha-tzon ha-mekusharot ve-sham Yaakov et ha-maklot le-einei ha-tzon barotim le-yachmena ba-maklot.
've-hayah' means 'and it will be', 'be-khol' means 'in every', 'yachem' means 'flock' (literally 'herd'), 'ha-tzon' means 'the flock', 'ha-mekusharot' means 'that are bound/tied', 've-sham' means 'and Jacob', 'Yaakov' is a proper name kept as Jacob, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-maklot' means 'the staffs', 'le-einei' means 'before the eyes of', 'ha-tzon' again 'the flock', 'barotim' means 'in the storms', 'le-yachmena' means 'to feed them', 'ba-maklot' means 'with the staffs'.
[GEN.30.42] And in the binding of the flock he shall not place; and the bound shall be to Laban, and the harnesses to Jacob. [§]
uveha'atif ha-tzon lo yashim, ve-hayah ha-atupim le-Lavan veha-keshurim le-Ya'akov.
'uveha'atif' means 'and in the binding/encircling', 'ha-tzon' means 'the flock', 'lo' means 'not', 'yashim' means 'he will place/put', 've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ha-atupim' means 'the bound ones' or 'those that are tied', 'le-Lavan' means 'to Laban', 'veha-keshurim' means 'and the harnesses/ropes/bonds', 'le-Ya'akov' means 'to Jacob'.
[GEN.30.43] And the man increased very much, and he had many flocks, and maidservants, and servants, and camels, and donkeys. [§]
Vayiprotz haish meod meod vayhi lo tzon rabot u-shefachot va-avadim u-gmelim va-chamorim.
'Vayiprotz' means 'and he increased', 'haish' means 'the man', 'meod' means 'very' (repeated for emphasis), 'vayhi' means 'and it was' or 'and he had', 'lo' means 'to him' (indicating possession), 'tzon' means 'flock' (plural in context), 'rabot' means 'many', 'u-shefachot' means 'and maidservants', 'va-avadim' means 'and servants', 'u-gmelim' means 'and camels', 'va-chamorim' means 'and donkeys'.
GEN.31
[GEN.31.1] And he heard the words of the sons of Laban, saying, "Jacob has taken all that belongs to our father, and from what belongs to our father he has taken all the great wealth." [§]
Vayishma et-dibrei b'nei Lavan le'emor: Lakach Yaakov et kol asher le'avinu u-me'asher le'avinu asah et kol hakavod hazeh.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'et-dibrei' means 'the words of', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Lavan' is the name Laban, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'Lakach' means 'Jacob took', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'le'avinu' means 'to our father', 'u-me'asher' means 'and from what', 'asah' means 'he did' or 'he took', 'hakavod' means 'the wealth' or 'the great', 'hazeh' means 'this' or 'the aforesaid'.
[GEN.31.2] And Jacob saw Laban's face, and behold, he was not with him as of the day before yesterday. [§]
Vayar Ya'akov et-penei Lavan, ve-hineh einenu immo kitmol shilshom.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'Ya'akov' is the name Jacob, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'penei' means 'the face of', 'Lavan' is the name Laban, 've' means 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold' or 'see', 'einenu' means 'he was not', 'immo' means 'with him', 'kitmol' means 'yesterday', and 'shilshom' means 'the day before yesterday'. The phrase 'kitmol shilshom' is an idiom meaning 'the day before yesterday'.
[GEN.31.3] And Yahveh said to Jacob, Return to the land of your fathers and to your birthplace, and I will be with you. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el Yaakov shuv el eretz avotecha ulemoldatecha veehye imach.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yahveh' is the name YHVH translated as Yahveh, 'el' means 'to', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'shuv' means 'return', 'el' means 'to', 'eretz' means 'land', 'avotecha' means 'your fathers', 'ulemoldatecha' means 'and to your birthplace', 'veehye' means 'and I will be', 'imach' means 'with you'.
[GEN.31.4] And Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field, to his flock. [§]
vayishlach Yaakov vayikra leRakel u-leLeah hasade el tzoano.
'vayishlach' means 'and (he) sent', 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob, 'vayikra' means 'and (he) called', 'leRakel' means 'to Rachel', 'u-leLeah' means 'and to Leah', 'hasade' means 'the field', 'el' means 'to', 'tzoano' means 'his flock' (the suffix -o indicates possession).
[GEN.31.5] And he said to them, 'Seeing I the face of your fathers, because it is not to me as of yesterday, the day before yesterday, and the Gods of my father was with me.' [§]
Vayomer lahen ro'eh anochi et p'nei avikhen ki einenu elai kitmol shilshom veElohei avi hayah imadi.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lahen' means 'to them', 'ro'eh' means 'seeing', 'anochi' means 'I', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'p'nei' means 'the face of', 'avikhen' means 'your fathers', 'ki' means 'because', 'einenu' means 'it is not', 'elai' means 'to me', 'kitmol' means 'as of yesterday', 'shilshom' means 'the day before yesterday', 've' means 'and', 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' and is rendered here as 'the Gods of', 'avi' means 'my father', 'hayah' means 'was', and 'imadi' means 'with me'. The name 'Elohim' is translated literally as 'the Gods' according to the given rule.
[GEN.31.6] And you shall know that with all my strength I have served your fathers. [§]
Ve'aten yedaten ki bechol kochi avadti et avikhen.
'Ve'aten' means 'and you' (plural), 'yedaten' means 'you will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'bechol' means 'with all', 'kochi' means 'my strength', 'avadti' means 'I have served', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'avikhen' means 'your fathers'.
[GEN.31.7] And your father has placed in me, and he exchanged my wages, ten shekels, and did not give it to the Gods to do evil with me. [§]
Vaavikhen heteil bi vehechelef et-mas'khurti aseret moni ve'lo netano elohim lehara imadi.
'Vaavikhen' means 'and your father', 'heteil' is a verb meaning 'has placed' or 'has set', 'bi' means 'in me', 'vehechelef' means 'and he exchanged', 'et-mas'khurti' means 'my wages', 'asaret' means 'ten', 'moni' means 'shekels' (coins), 've'lo' means 'and did not', 'netano' means 'give it', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (as per the literal translation rule), 'lehara' means 'to do evil' or 'to harm', 'imadi' means 'with me'.
[GEN.31.8] If thus he says, 'points will be your reward and all the flock will bear points,' and if thus he says, 'hooks will be your reward and all the flock will bear hooks.' [§]
Im ko yomar nekkudim yihyeh sekharecha ve-yaldo kol-hatzon nekkudim ve-im ko yomar akudim yihyeh sekharecha ve-yaldo kol-hatzon akudim.
'Im' means 'if', 'ko' means 'thus', 'yomar' means 'he will say', 'nekkudim' means 'points' or 'dots', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'sekharecha' means 'your reward', 've-yaldo' means 'and they will give birth', 'kol' means 'all', 'hatzon' means 'the flock', the second clause repeats the pattern with 'akudim' meaning 'hooks' or 'hooks-like things'.
[GEN.31.9] And the Gods saved the cattle of your fathers and gave them to me. [§]
va-yatzelel Elohim et mikneh avikhem va-yitten li.
'va-yatzelel' means 'and saved', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'mikneh' means 'the cattle' or 'livestock', 'avikhem' means 'your fathers', 'va-yitten' means 'and gave', 'li' means 'to me'.
[GEN.31.10] And it happened at the time of the shepherd of the flock when I lifted my eyes and saw in a dream, and behold the attendants rising over the flock, pointed, marked, and pierced. [§]
Vayehi be'et yachem hatzon va'esa einai va'ere ba'chalom ve'hineh ha'atudim ha'olim al hatzon akudim nekudim u'verudim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'be''et' means 'at the time', 'yachem' means 'of the shepherd' (or 'herdsman'), 'hatzon' means 'the flock', 'va'esa' means 'and I lifted', 'einai' means 'my eyes', 'va'ere' means 'and I saw', 'ba'chalom' means 'in a dream', 've''hineh' means 'and behold', 'ha'atudim' means 'the attendants/leaders', 'ha'olim' means 'who rise/go up', 'al' means 'over', 'hatzon' again 'the flock', 'akudim' means 'pointed', 'nekudim' means 'marked', 'u'verudim' means 'and pierced/branched'.
[GEN.31.11] and he said to me, an angel of the Gods in a dream, Jacob, and I said, behold, I am. [§]
Vayomer elai mal'ach haElohim ba'chalom Ya'akov va'omar hineni.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elai' means 'to me', 'mal'ach' means 'angel' or 'messenger', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal translation of Elohim), 'ba'chalom' means 'in a dream', 'Ya'akov' is the proper name 'Jacob', 'va'omar' means 'and I said', 'hineni' means 'behold, I am' or 'here I am'.
[GEN.31.12] And he said, 'Please lift your eyes and see all the young goats that go up on the flock, sturdy, spotted, and white, because I have seen everything that Laban does for you.' [§]
Vayomer sa-na eynkha u-re'eh kol ha-atudim ha-olim al ha-tson a'qudim nequdim u-berudim ki ra'iti et kol asher Lavan ose lakh.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'sa-na' means 'please lift', 'eynkha' means 'your eyes', 'u-re'eh' means 'and see', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-atudim' means 'the young goats', 'ha-olim' means 'that go up', 'al ha-tson' means 'upon the flock', 'a'qudim' means 'proud' or 'sturdy', 'nequdim' means 'spotted', 'u-berudim' means 'and white', 'ki' means 'because', 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'et kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that', 'Lavan' is a proper name, 'ose' means 'does', 'lakh' means 'to you' (feminine).
[GEN.31.13] I the God, House of God, that you have anointed there, a standing stone which you vowed to me there, a vow. Now arise, go out from this land and return to the land of your birth. [§]
anochi ha el beit-el asher mashachta sham matzevah asher nadarta li sham neder atah kum tze min-haaretz hazot ve-shuv el eretz moladtecha
'anochi' means 'I', 'ha el' means 'the God', 'beit-el' means 'House of God', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'mashachta' means 'you have anointed', 'sham' means 'there', 'matzevah' means 'standing stone' or 'pillar', 'asher' again means 'that which', 'nadarta' means 'you vowed', 'li' means 'to me', 'sham' again means 'there', 'neder' means 'vow', 'atah' means 'now', 'kum' means 'arise', 'tze' means 'go out', 'min-haaretz' means 'from the land', 'hazot' means 'this', 've-shuv' means 'and return', 'el' means 'to', 'eretz' means 'land', 'moladtecha' means 'of your birth' or 'your native land'.
[GEN.31.14] And Rachel and Leah answered and said to him, Give us also a portion of the inheritance in our father's house. [§]
Vata'an Rahel vLeah vato'amrna lo haod lanu chelek vnachalah bebeit avinu.
'Vata'an' means 'and answered', 'Rahel' means 'Rachel', 'vLeah' means 'and Leah', 'vato'amrna' means 'and said to him', 'lo' means 'to him', 'haod' means 'also', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'chelek' means 'a portion', 'vnachalah' means 'and inheritance', 'bebeet' means 'in the house', 'avinu' means 'our father'.
[GEN.31.15] Is it not foreigners that we have counted for him, because they sold us, and he also ate our money. [§]
halo nakhrayot nechshevnu lo ki mecharanu vayokhal gam-akhul et-kasfenu.
'halo' means 'is it not', 'nakhrayot' means 'foreigners', 'nechshevnu' means 'we have counted' or 'we regarded', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'for him', 'ki' means 'because', 'mecharanu' means 'they sold us' or 'we were sold', 'vayokhal' means 'and he ate', 'gam-akhul' means 'also ate', 'et-kasfenu' means 'our money'.
[GEN.31.16] For all the wealth that the Gods rescued from our ancestors is ours, and also for our children; now do everything that the Gods said to you. [§]
ki kol-ha'osher asher hitzil Elohim me'avinu lanu hu ulevaneinu ve'atah kol asher amar Elohim elekha aseh.
'ki' means 'for/because', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'osher' means 'the wealth', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hitzil' means 'saved' or 'rescued', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'me'avinu' means 'from our fathers' or 'from our ancestors', 'lanu' means 'to us' or 'for us', 'hu' means 'it' or 'he', 'ulevaneinu' means 'and for our children', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'amar' means 'said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'aseh' means 'do' or 'perform'.
[GEN.31.17] And Jacob rose and lifted his sons and his wives onto the camels. [§]
Vayyakam Yaakov vayissa et-banav ve-et-nashav al-haggmalim.
'Vayyakam' means 'and rose', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'vayissa' means 'and lifted' or 'took up', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'banav' means 'his sons', 've-et' means 'and (the)', 'nashav' means 'his wives', 'al' means 'upon', 'haggmalim' means 'the camels'.
[GEN.31.18] And he led all his livestock and all his wealth which he had acquired from the cattle he had purchased, which he had obtained at the padan of Aram, to go to Isaac his father's land, the land of Canaan. [§]
Vayin'hag et-kol mik'nei'hu ve'et kol rekhusho asher rakash mik'ne kin'yanoh asher rakash bepad'an aram lavo el Yitzchak aviv artzah Kena'an.
'Vayin'hag' means 'and he led', 'et-kol' means 'all', 'mik'nei'hu' means 'his livestock', 've'et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'rekhuso' means 'his wealth', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'rakash' means 'he acquired', 'mik'ne' means 'cattle', 'kin'yanoh' means 'that he purchased', 'rakash' again 'he obtained', 'bepad'an' means 'at the padan (field/market)', 'Aram' is the region of Aram, 'lavo' means 'to go', 'el' means 'to', 'Yitzchak' is the name Isaac, 'aviv' means 'his father', 'artzah' means 'land', 'Kena'an' means 'Canaan'.
[GEN.31.19] And Lavan went to shear his flock, and Rachel stole the teraphim that belonged to her father. [§]
veLavan halakh li-gzoz et tzonho va-tig'nov Rachel et ha-terafim asher le'avihah.
've' means 'and', 'Lavan' is a proper name, 'halakh' means 'went', 'li-gzoz' means 'to shear', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'tzonho' means 'his flock', 'va-tig'nov' means 'and Rachel stole', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'ha-terafim' means 'the teraphim (household idols)', 'asher' means 'that', 'le'avihah' means 'of her father'.
[GEN.31.20] And Jacob stole the heart of Laban the Aramean without telling him because he was fleeing. [§]
Vayignov Yaakov et-lev Lavan haArami al-beli higgid lo ki boreach hu.
'Vayignov' means 'and he stole', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'et' is the direct object marker (often left untranslated), 'lev' means 'heart', 'Lavan' means 'Laban', 'haArami' means 'the Aramean', 'al' means 'without', 'beli' means 'telling' or 'informing', 'higgid' means 'to tell', 'lo' means 'him', 'ki' means 'because', 'boreach' means 'fleeing', 'hu' means 'he'.
[GEN.31.21] And he fled, and all that was his, and he arose and crossed the river, and he placed his face toward the hill of Gilead. [§]
Vayivrach hu vechol asher lo vayakam vayavor et hanahar vayasem et fanav har Gilad.
'Vayivrach' means 'and he fled', 'hu' means 'he', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that', 'lo' means 'was his', 'vayakam' means 'and he arose', 'vayavor' means 'and he crossed', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hanahar' means 'the river', 'vayasem' means 'and he placed', 'et' again marks the object, 'fanav' means 'his face', 'har' means 'the', 'Gilad' means 'Gilead' (a region).
[GEN.31.22] And Laban was told on the third day that Jacob had fled. [§]
Vayugad leLavan bayom haShlishi ki barach Yaakov.
'Vayugad' means 'and it was reported', 'leLavan' means 'to Laban', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'haShlishi' means 'the third', 'ki' means 'that', 'barach' means 'fled', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob'.
[GEN.31.23] And he took his brothers with him and pursued after him the road of seven days and stuck him on the mountain of Gilead. [§]
vayikach et-echav imo vayirdef acharei derekh shiv'at yamim vayadbek oto behar hagila'ad.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'et' is the direct object marker (not rendered in English), 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'imo' means 'with him', 'vayirdef' means 'and he pursued', 'acharei' means 'after him', 'derekh' means 'road', 'shiv\'at' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'vayadbek' means 'and he stuck', 'oto' means 'him', 'behar' means 'on the mountain', 'hagila\'ad' means 'of Gilead'.
[GEN.31.24] And the Gods came to Lavan the Aramean in a night dream, and said to him, Beware lest you speak with Jacob good to evil. [§]
Vayyavo Elohim el-Lavan ha-Arammi ba-chalom ha-layla vayomer lo hishamer lecha pen-tedabber im-Yaakov mitov ad-ra.
'Vayyavo' means 'And came', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el-Lavan' means 'to Lavan', 'ha-Arammi' means 'the Aramean', 'ba-chalom ha-layla' means 'in a dream of the night', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'hishamer' means 'beware', 'lecha' means 'for yourself', 'pen-tedabber' means 'lest you speak', 'im-Yaakov' means 'with Jacob', 'mitov' means 'good', 'ad-ra' means 'to evil'.
[GEN.31.25] And Laban seized Jacob, and Jacob struck his herd on the mountain, and Laban struck his brothers on the mountain of Gilead. [§]
Vayasseg Lavan et-Yaakov ve-Yaakov taka et-Ahalo ba-har ve-Lavan taka et-Echav be-Har HaGilaad.
'Vayasseg' means 'and (he) seized', 'Lavan' is the name Laban, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yaakov' means Jacob, 've' means 'and', the second 'Yaakov' repeats the name, 'taka' means 'strike or cut', the second 'et' is the direct‑object marker again, 'Ahalo' means 'his herd', 'ba-har' means 'on the mountain', 've-Lavan' again means 'and Laban', the second 'taka' repeats 'strike or cut', the third 'et' marks the object, 'Echav' means 'his brothers', and 'be-Har HaGilaad' means 'on the mountain of Gilead'.
[GEN.31.26] And Laban said to Jacob, What have you done? You have stolen my heart, and you have led my daughters as if they were spoils of the sword. [§]
Vayomer Lavan leYaakov mah asita vatinog et levavi vatenahag et benotai kishvuot charav.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Lavan' means 'Laban', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'mah' means 'what', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'vatinog' means 'you have stolen', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'levavi' means 'my heart', 'vatenahag' means 'and you have led', 'benotai' means 'my daughters', 'kishvuot' means 'like the spoils' or 'as if they were captured', 'charav' means 'a sword'.
[GEN.31.27] Why have you hidden to flee, and you have stolen me, and you did not tell me, and I will send you with joy and with strings, with a drum and with a lyre. [§]
Lamah nachbeita livroch vategnav oti velo higgadta li va'ashaleikha besimcha u'veshirim betof u'vechinor.
'Lamah' means 'why', 'nachbeita' means 'you have hidden', 'livroch' means 'to flee', 'vategnav' means 'and you have stolen', 'oti' means 'me', 'velo' means 'and not', 'higgadta' means 'you told/revealed', 'li' means 'to me', 'va'ashaleikha' means 'and I will send you', 'besimcha' means 'with joy', 'u'veshirim' means 'and with strings (musical instruments)', 'betof' means 'with a drum', 'u'vechinor' means 'and with a lyre'.
[GEN.31.28] And you have not abandoned me to kiss my sons and my daughters; now you have restrained it. [§]
Ve lo netashtani lenashek lebanai velivnotai attah hiskalta asho.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'netashtani' means 'you have abandoned me', 'lenashek' means 'to kiss', 'lebanai' means 'my sons', 'velivnotai' means 'and my daughters', 'attah' means 'now', 'hiskalta' means 'you have restrained' or 'you have held back', 'asho' means 'it' or 'that'.
[GEN.31.29] There is, for God, my hand to do evil with you, and the Gods of your fathers said to me, saying, be on guard, lest you speak with Jacob from good to evil. [§]
Yesh leEl yadi laasot immakhem ra veElohei avikhem emesh amar elai leemor hishamer lekha midaber im Yaakov mitov ad ra.
'Yesh' means 'there is', 'leEl' means 'to God' (El = God), 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'laasot' means 'to do', 'immakhem' means 'with you (plural)', 'ra' means 'evil', 've' means 'and', 'Elohei' means 'the Gods' (Elohim = the Gods), 'avikhem' means 'your fathers', 'emesh' is a likely textual corruption but taken as a name or verb meaning 'said', 'amar' means 'said', 'elai' means 'to me', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'hishamer' means 'be careful' or 'guard yourself', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'midaber' means 'from speaking', 'im' means 'with', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'mitov' means 'from good', 'ad' means 'until', 'ra' means 'evil'.
[GEN.31.30] And now go, you have gone, because you have been stripped, it was stripped to the house of your father; why did you steal my God. [§]
ve'atta halokh halakta ki-niksaf nikhsapta le'veit avikha lamah ganavta et Elohai.
've'atta' means 'and now', 'halokh' means 'go' (imperative), 'halakta' means 'you went' (second person masculine singular), 'ki' means 'because', 'niksf' (nikhsaf) means 'you are robbed' or 'you have been stripped', 'nikhsapta' means 'it was stripped' (feminine), 'le'veit' means 'to the house of', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'lamah' means 'why', 'ganavta' means 'you stole', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Elohai' means 'my God' (literal translation of the divine name).
[GEN.31.31] And Jacob answered and said to Laban, 'For I was afraid, for I said, lest you take your daughters from me.' [§]
Vayyan Yaakov vayyoamer leLavan ki yareti ki amarti pen tigazol et benoteicha me'immi.
'Vayyan' means 'and he answered', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'vayyoamer' means 'and he said', 'leLavan' means 'to Laban', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'yareti' means 'I was afraid', a second 'ki' introduces a clause meaning 'that', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'pen' means 'lest', 'tigazol' means 'you would take or seize', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no direct English equivalent, 'benoteicha' means 'your daughters', and 'me'immi' means 'from me' or 'away from me'.
[GEN.31.32] With who you will find your Gods will not live before our brother the ... to you what with me and take for you and not knew Jacob that Rachel their theft. [§]
Im asher timtze et Elohecha lo yichye neged acheinu haker lecha ma imadi vekach lecha velo yada Yaakov ki Rahel gnavatam.
'Im' means 'with', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'timtze' means 'you will find', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Elohecha' means 'your Gods' (literal translation of the name Elohim with the possessive suffix), 'lo' means 'not', 'yichye' means 'will live', 'neged' means 'against' or 'in front of', 'acheinu' means 'our brother', 'haker' means 'the ' (the word is uncertain in the manuscript, possibly 'the' or a form of 'recognize'), 'lecha' means 'to you', 'ma' means 'what', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'vekach' means 'and take', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yada' means 'knew', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'ki' means 'that', 'Rahel' means 'Rachel', 'gnavatam' means 'their theft' or 'their stealing'.
[GEN.31.33] And Laban entered the tent of Jacob, and entered the tent of Leah, and entered the tent of the two mothers, and did not find (them); and he went out from Leah's tent, and entered Rachel's tent. [§]
vayyavo levan be'ohel yaakov uve'ohel leah uve'ohel shtei haamahot velo matza vayetse me'ohel leah vayavo be'ohel rachel.
'vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'levan' means 'Laban', 'be'ohel' means 'into the tent', 'yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'uve'ohel' means 'and into the tent of', 'leah' means 'Leah', 'shtei' means 'two', 'haamahot' means 'the mothers' (idiomatically the two wives), 'velo' means 'and not', 'matza' means 'found', 'vayetze' means 'and he went out', 'me'ohel' means 'from the tent', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'rachel' means 'Rachel'.
[GEN.31.34] And Rachel took the trappers and placed them in the womb of the camel and sat upon them, and Laban stretched the whole tent and did not find [them]. [§]
veRachel laqcha et-hatrapim ve'tasimem bekar hagamal ve'teshev aleihem ve'yamashash Lavan et-kol ha'ohel ve'lo matza.
'veRachel' means 'and Rachel', 'laqcha' means 'took', 'et-hatrapim' means 'the trappers', 've'tasimem' means 'and she placed them', 'bekar' means 'in the womb', 'hagamal' means 'the camel', 've'teshev' means 'and she sat', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 've'yamashash' means 'and Laban stretched', 'Lavan' is a proper name, 'et-kol' means 'the whole', 'ha'ohel' means 'the tent', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'matza' means 'found'.
[GEN.31.35] And she said to her father, 'Do not be angry in the eyes of my Lord, for I cannot rise before you, for the way of women is for me.' And he searched and did not find the traps. [§]
vatomer el avihah al yichar be'einei adoni ki lo ukhal lakum mipanecha ki derekh nashim li vayachapes velo matza et-hatravim.
'Vatomer' means 'and she said', 'el' means 'to', 'avihah' means 'her father', 'al' means 'do not', 'yichar' means 'be angry', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'ukhal' means 'I can' or 'I am able', 'lakum' means 'to rise/stand', 'mipanecha' means 'before you', 'derekh' means 'way', 'nashim' means 'women', 'li' means 'to me', 'vayachapes' means 'and he searched', 'velo' means 'and not', 'matza' means 'found', 'et-hatravim' means 'the traps'.
[GEN.31.36] Jacob was angry with Laban and stayed the night with Laban. Jacob answered and said to Laban, "What is my wrongdoing? What sin have I committed, because you have pursued after me?" [§]
vayichar leYaakov vayarev beLavan vayaan Yaakov vayo'mer leLavan mah-pishe'i mah chatati ki dalakta acharai.
'vayichar' means 'and he was angry', 'leYaakov' means 'toward Jacob', 'vayarev' means 'and he spent the night', 'beLavan' means 'with Laban', 'vayaan' means 'Jacob answered', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'vayo'mer' means 'and said', 'leLavan' means 'to Laban', 'mah-pishe'i' means 'what is my wrongdoing', 'mah' means 'what', 'chatati' means 'my sin', 'ki' means 'because', 'dalakta' means 'you pursued', 'acharai' means 'after me'.
[GEN.31.37] For you have poured out all my vessels; what have you found from all the vessels of your house? Put this before my brother and your brothers, and they will judge between the two of us. [§]
kee mishash-ta et kol kay-lai ma maht-za-ta mee-kol kay-lei beyt-kha seem koh neh-ged ah-chai vuh-ach-eh-kha vuh-yoh-kee-hoo bayn shnay-noo.
'kee' means 'for', 'mishash-ta' means 'you have poured out', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'kol' means 'all', 'kay-lai' means 'my vessels', 'ma' means 'what', 'maht-za-ta' means 'you have found', 'mee-kol' means 'from all', 'kay-lei' means 'the vessels of', 'beyt-kha' means 'your house', 'seem' means 'put', 'koh' means 'thus', 'neh-ged' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'ah-chai' means 'my brother', 'vuh' means 'and', 'ach-eh-kha' means 'your brothers', 'vuh-yoh-kee-hoo' means 'they will judge', 'bayn' means 'between', 'shnay-noo' means 'the two of us'.
[GEN.31.38] It is twenty years that I am with you; your flocks and your goats have not been exhausted, and the oxen of your flock I have not eaten. [§]
zeh esrim shana anochi imach rechelekha ve'izekha lo shikhelu ve'ilei tzo'anecha lo akhalti.
'zeh' means 'this' or 'it is', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'shana' means 'years', 'anochi' means 'I', 'imach' means 'with you', 'rechelekha' (literally 'your flocks') refers to the sheep or livestock, 've'izekha' means 'and your goats', 'lo' means 'not', 'shikhelu' means 'have become exhausted or depleted', 've'ilei' means 'and the oxen', 'tzo'anecha' means 'of your flock', 'lo' again means 'not', 'akhalti' means 'I have eaten'.
[GEN.31.39] I have not brought an offering to you; I will be punished, and you will seek me from my hand; my theft by day and my theft by night. [§]
trefa lo heveeti elekha anokhi achatena mi-yadi tevakshe-na genubti yom vegenubti layla.
'trefa' means 'offering' (a sacrificial offering). 'lo' means 'not'. 'heveeti' means 'I have brought'. 'elekha' means 'to you'. 'anokhi' means 'I'. 'achatena' means 'I will be chastised' or 'I will be punished'. 'mi-yadi' means 'from my hand'. 'tevakshe-na' means 'you will seek me'. 'genubti' means 'my theft' or 'my stealing'. 'yom' means 'day'. 'vegenubti' means 'and my theft'. 'layla' means 'night'.
[GEN.31.40] I was devoured by a sword by day and by pestilence by night, and my tears were drawn from my eyes. [§]
Hayiti bayom akalani chorev ve kerach balaila vattiddad shenati meeinei.
'Hayiti' means 'I was', 'bayom' means 'by day', 'akalani' means 'devoured me' or 'ate me', 'chorev' means 'sword', 've' means 'and', 'kerach' means 'pestilence' or 'plague', 'balaila' means 'by night', 'vattiddad' means 'and (it) caused to weep' or 'made [my] tears', 'shenati' is understood as 'my tears' (the exact noun is obscure but context suggests a tear‑like thing), 'meeinei' means 'from my eyes'.
[GEN.31.41] This is twenty years in your house that I have served you: twenty‑four years with your two daughters, and six years in your flock; you have changed my wages by ten coins. [§]
zeh-li esrim shanah beveitecha avadti-cha arba-esreh shanah bishtei benotecha ve-sheesh shanim betzoanecha va-tachalef et-mashkureti aseret monim.
'zeh' means 'this', 'li' means 'to me', together 'zeh-li' = 'this is for me'. 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'shanah' = 'year(s)'. 'beveitecha' = 'in your house' (be- = in, veit = house, -cha = your). 'avadti-cha' = 'I served you' (avadti = I served, -cha = you). 'arba-esreh' = 'fourteen' (arba = four, esreh = ten). 'shanah' again 'years'. 'bishtei' = 'with two' (bi- = with, shtei = two). 'benotecha' = 'your daughters' (b'na = daughters, -otecha = your). 've-sheesh' = 'and six' (ve- = and, sheesh = six). 'shanim' = 'years' (plural). 'betzoanecha' = 'in your flock' (be- = in, tzoan = flock, -echa = your). 'va-tachalef' = 'and you changed' (va- = and, tachalef = you changed). 'et-mashkureti' = 'my wages' (et = object marker, mashkureti = my wages). 'aseret' = 'ten'. 'monim' = 'coins' or 'money'.
[GEN.31.42] If not the God of my father, the God of Abraham and the fear of Isaac, was to me because now empty you sent me my poverty and the reaching of my hand saw the Gods and He confirmed the sun. [§]
Lulei Elohei Avi Elohei Avraham ufachad Yitzchak hayah li ki ata reikam shilachtani et-ani ve-et-ygiach kappai raah Elohim vayochach amesh.
'Lulei' means 'if not', 'Elohei' means 'of God' (construct form of the Gods), 'Avi' means 'my father', 'Elohei' again means 'of God', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'ufachad' means 'and the fear', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'hayah' means 'was', 'li' means 'to me', 'ki' means 'because', 'ata' means 'now', 'reikam' means 'empty', 'shilachtani' means 'you sent me', 'et-ani' means 'my poverty', 've-et-ygiach' means 'and the reaching', 'kappai' means 'of my hand', 'raah' means 'saw', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'vayochach' means 'and He confirmed', 'amesh' means 'the sun'.
[GEN.31.43] And Lavan answered and said to Jacob, 'The daughters are my daughters and the sons are my sons, and the flock is my flock, and everything you see is mine, and to my daughters—what shall I do today? Or to their children that they have borne?' [§]
Vaya'an Lavan vayomer el-Ya'akov habanot benotai veha'banim bani vehatzon tzoni v'chol asher-ata ro'eh li-hu ve'livnotai mah-e'aseh la'eleh hayom o livneihem asher yaladu.
'Vaya'an' means 'and answered', 'Lavan' is the name Lavan, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'el-Ya'akov' means 'to Jacob', 'habanot' means 'the daughters', 'benotai' means 'my daughters', 'veha'banim' means 'and the sons', 'bani' means 'my sons', 'vehatzon' means 'and the flock', 'tzoni' means 'my flock', 'v'chol' means 'and everything', 'asher-ata' means 'that you', 'ro'eh' means 'see', 'li-hu' means 'is mine', 've'livnotai' means 'and to my daughters', 'mah-e'aseh' means 'what shall I do', 'la'eleh' means 'today', 'hayom' means 'today', 'o' means 'or', 'livneihem' means 'to their children', 'asher' means 'that', 'yaladu' means 'they have given birth'.
[GEN.31.44] Now look! The covenant I and you will be a witness between me and you. [§]
ve'atah lekhah nikreta brit ani va'ata ve'hayah le'eid beyni uveinecha.
've'atah' means 'now', 'lekhah' means 'look!' (imperative), 'nikreta' means 'will be cut' or 'will be established' (here indicating the covenant being set), 'brit' means 'covenant', 'ani' means 'I', 'va'ata' means 'and you', 've'hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'le'eid' means 'as a witness', 'beyn' means 'between', 'ani' means 'me', 'uveinecha' means 'and you'.
[GEN.31.45] And Jacob took a stone and raised it as a pillar. [§]
Va-yikkach Yaakov even va-yirimeh matzevah.
'Va-yikkach' means 'and he took', 'Yaakov' is the personal name Jacob, 'even' means 'stone', 'va-yirimeh' means 'and he lifted/raised it', 'matzevah' means 'a standing thing' i.e., a pillar or monument.
[GEN.31.46] And Jacob said to his brothers, Gather stones; and they gathered stones and made a heap, and they ate there upon the heap. [§]
VaYomer Yaakov leEchav liktu avanim vayikchu avanim vayasuu gal vayochlu sham al hagal.
'VaYomer' means 'And said', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'leEchav' means 'to his brothers', 'liktu' means 'gather', 'avanim' means 'stones', 'vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'vayasuu' means 'and they made', 'gal' means 'heap', 'vayochlu' means 'and they ate', 'sham' means 'there', 'al' means 'upon', 'hagal' means 'the heap'.
[GEN.31.47] And Laban called him Yegar Sahaduta, and Jacob called him Galead. [§]
Vayikra-lo Lavan Yegar Sahaduta veYaakov kara lo Galead.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'lo' means 'him', 'Lavan' is the name 'Laban', 'Yegar' is a proper name meaning 'dwelling' or 'resident', 'Sahaduta' is a proper name derived from a root meaning 'to sit, to abide', 'veYaakov' means 'and Jacob', 'kara' means 'called', 'lo' again means 'him', and 'Galead' is a proper name meaning 'heap of testimony' or 'witness hill'.
[GEN.31.48] And Laban said, This ridge shall be a witness between me and you today; therefore he named it Gilead. [§]
Vayomer Lavan haGal hazeh ed beyn-yi uvein-cha hayom al-ken kara-shmo Galeed.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Lavan' is the name Laban, 'haGal' means 'the ridge' or 'the heap', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ed' means 'witness', 'beyn-yi' means 'between me', 'uvein-cha' means 'and between you', 'hayom' means 'today', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'kara-shmo' means 'he called its name', 'Galeed' is the name Gilead.
[GEN.31.49] And the watchtower that said Yahveh will be angry between me and you, because a man hides from his neighbor. [§]
veha-mitzpah asher amar yitsep Yahveh benei u-benecha ki nisater ish me-re-ehhu.
'veha-mitzpah' means 'and the watchtower', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'amar' means 'said', 'yitsep' means 'will be angry/overflow', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'benei' means 'between me', 'u-benecha' means 'and between you', 'ki' means 'because', 'nisater' means 'is hidden', 'ish' means 'a man', 'me-re-ehhu' means 'from his neighbor/evil one'.
[GEN.31.50] If you insult my daughters, and if you take women over my daughters, there is no man with us; see the Gods are witness between me and you. [§]
im teaneh et banoti veim tikach nashim al banoti ein ish immannu raeh Elohim ad bini uvinekh.
'im' means 'if', 'teaneh' means 'you insult', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'banoti' means 'my daughters', 'veim' means 'and if', 'tikach' means 'you take', 'nashim' means 'women', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'banoti' again means 'my daughters', 'ein' means 'there is not' or 'no', 'ish' means 'man', 'immannu' means 'with us', 'raeh' means 'see', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ad' means 'witness', 'bini' means 'between me', 'uvinekh' means 'and you'.
[GEN.31.51] And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this mound and behold the pillar which I have set up between me and you. [§]
Vayomer Lavan leYa'akov hineh ha-gal ha-zeh ve-hineh ha-matzevah asher yariti beyni uveinecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Lavan' is the name Laban, 'leYa'akov' means 'to Jacob', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ha-gal' means 'the mound', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'ha-matzevah' means 'the pillar', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yariti' means 'I have set up', 'beyn i' means 'between me', 'uveinecha' means 'and between you'.
[GEN.31.52] Witness of this wave and its witness, the pillar; if I will not pass this wave to you, and if you will not pass this wave and this pillar to me, (it will be) for evil. [§]
Ed ha-gal haze ve'edah ha-matzevah im-ani lo-e'evor eleykha et ha-gal haze ve'im attah lo-ta'avor elai et ha-gal haze ve'et ha-matzevah ha-zot le-ra'ah.
'Ed' means 'witness'; 'ha-gal' means 'the wave'; 'haze' means 'this'; 've'edah' means 'and its witness'; 'ha-matzevah' means 'the pillar' (or 'the standing one'); 'im-ani' means 'if I'; 'lo-e'evor' means 'will not pass' (first person); 'eleykha' means 'to you' (masc); 'et' is the direct object marker; 'ha-gal' again 'the wave'; 've'im' means 'and if'; 'attah' means 'you' (masc); 'lo-ta'avor' means 'will not pass' (second person); 'elai' means 'to me'; 'et' again object marker; 'ha-gal' 'the wave'; 'haze' 'this'; 've'et' means 'and'; 'ha-matzevah' 'the pillar'; 'ha-zot' means 'this' (feminine); 'le-ra'ah' means 'for evil' or 'to cause harm'.
[GEN.31.53] the Gods of Abraham and the Gods of Nahor will judge between us, the Gods of their fathers, and Jacob swore in fear of his father Isaac. [§]
Elohei Avraham veElohei Nachor yishpetu beinenu Elohei aviham vayishava Yaakov befachad aviv Yitzchak.
'Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 've' means 'and', 'Nachor' is the name Nahor, 'yishpetu' means 'will judge', 'beinenu' means 'between us', 'aviham' means 'their fathers', 'vayishava' means 'and Jacob swore', 'b' means 'in', 'fachad' means 'fear', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'Yitzchak' is the name Isaac.
[GEN.31.54] And Jacob offered a sacrifice on the mountain, and he called his brothers to eat bread; and they ate bread and dwelt on the mountain. [§]
Vayizbach Yaakov zevach ba har vayikra le'echav le'echal lechem vayochlu lechem vayalinu ba har.
'Vayizbach' means 'and he offered', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'zevach' means 'a sacrifice', 'ba har' means 'on the mountain', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'le'echav' means 'to his brothers', 'le'echal lechem' means 'to eat bread', 'vayochlu' means 'and they ate', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'vayalinu' means 'and they dwelt', 'ba har' means 'on the mountain'.
GEN.32
[GEN.32.1] And Laban rose early in the morning and kissed his sons and his daughters and blessed them, and he went and he returned to his place. [§]
Vayashkem Lavan ba-boker vayenashk levanaiv velivnotav vayvarekh ethem vayelekh vayashav Lavan limkovo.
'Vayashkem' means 'and he rose early', 'Lavan' is the proper name Laban, 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'vayenashk' means 'and he kissed', 'levanaiv' means 'his sons', 'velivnotav' means 'and his daughters', 'vayvarekh' means 'and he blessed', 'ethem' means 'them', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'vayashav' means 'and he returned', 'limkovo' means 'to his place'.
[GEN.32.2] And Jacob walked his way, and the angels of the Gods met him. [§]
veYaakov halakh le-darko vayifgeu-vo malachei Elohim.
'veYaakov' means 'and Jacob', 'halakh' means 'walked', 'le-darko' means 'to his way' or 'his way', 'vayifgeu-vo' means 'and they met him', 'malachei' means 'angels of', and 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal translation of the plural divine name).
[GEN.32.3] And Jacob said, as he saw this camp of the Gods, and he called that place Camps. [§]
Vayomer Yaakov ka'asher ra'am machane Elohim zeh vayikra shem ha-makom ha-hu machanayim.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'ra'am' means 'he saw', 'machane' means 'camp', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'zeh' means 'this', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'shem' means 'name', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'machanayim' means 'camps'.
[GEN.32.4] And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother, to the land of Seir, the field of Edom. [§]
Vayishlach Yaakov malachim lefanav el-Esav achiv artzah Seir sdeh Edom.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'malachim' means 'messengers', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'el-Esav' means 'to Esau', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'artzah' means 'the land of', 'Seir' is the place name Seir, 'sdeh' means 'the field of', 'Edom' is the place name Edom.
[GEN.32.5] And he commanded them, saying, Thus you shall say to my Lord Esau: Thus says your servant Jacob, I have dwelt with Laban and have stayed until now. [§]
vayetzav otam leemor koh tome-run laadoni leesav koh amar avdeka yaakov imlavan garti vaechar adatah
'vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'otam' means 'them', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'koh' means 'thus', 'tome-run' means 'you shall say', 'laadoni' means 'to my Lord', 'leesav' means 'to Esau', 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'im' means 'with', 'lavan' means 'Laban', 'garti' means 'I dwelt', 'vaechar' means 'and I stayed', 'adatah' means 'until now'.
[GEN.32.6] I had an ox and a donkey, a flock, a servant and a maidservant, and I sent to tell my Lord to seek favor in your eyes. [§]
Va'yehi li shor va'khamor tzon ve'evad ve'shifcha va'esh'lacha le'hagid la'adoni limtzo chen be'eynekha.
'Va'yehi' means 'and it was', 'li' means 'to me', 'shor' means 'ox', 'va'khamor' means 'and donkey', 'tzon' means 'flock/sheep', 've'evad' means 'and servant', 've'shifcha' means 'and maidservant', 'va'esh'lacha' means 'and I sent', 'le'hagid' means 'to tell/report', 'la'adoni' means 'to my Lord', 'limtzo' means 'to find', 'chen' means 'favor/grace', 'be'eynekha' means 'in your eyes'.
[GEN.32.7] And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying, "We have come to your brother Esau, and also he is coming to meet you, and there are four hundred men with him." [§]
Vayashuvu ha-malachim el-Yaakov le'emor banu el-achicha el-Esav ve'gam holech likratkha ve'arba-me'ot ish immo.
'Vayashuvu' means 'and they returned', 'ha-malachim' means 'the messengers', 'el-Yaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'banu' means 'we have come', 'el-achicha' means 'to your brother', 'el-Esav' means 'to Esau', 've'gam' means 'and also', 'holech' means 'he is coming', 'likratkha' means 'to meet you', 've'arba-me'ot' means 'and four hundred', 'ish' means 'men', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[GEN.32.8] And Jacob was very afraid and he became angry, and he divided the people who were with him, and the flock, and the cattle, and the camels, into two camps. [§]
Va-yi-ya-ra Ya-a-kov me-od Va-yi-tzer lo Va-ya-chatz et ha-am asher it-to Ve-et ha-tzon Ve-et ha-ba-kar Ve-ha-gme-lee-meem leesh-ney mach-a-not.
'Va-yi-ya-ra' means 'and he feared', 'Ya-a-kov' means 'Jacob', 'me-od' means 'greatly', 'Va-yi-tzer' means 'and he became angry', 'lo' means 'against him' or 'to him', 'Va-ya-chatz' means 'and he divided', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'it-to' means 'were with him', 'Ve-et' means 'and the', 'ha-tzon' means 'flock', 'ha-ba-kar' means 'cattle', 'Ve-ha-gme-lee-meem' means 'and the camels', 'leesh-ney' means 'to two', 'mach-a-not' means 'camps'.
[GEN.32.9] And he said, if Esau comes to the one camp and kills him, then the other camp will be for flight. [§]
Vayomer im yavo Esav el ha-machane haahat ve-hikkahu ve-hayah ha-machane ha-nishar lefitah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'im' means 'if', 'yavo' means 'he will come', 'Esav' is the name 'Esau', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-machane' means 'the camp', 'haahat' means 'the one', 've-hikkahu' means 'and he will strike him' (or 'and he will kill him'), 've-hayah' means 'and it will be', 'ha-machane' again means 'the camp', 'ha-nishar' means 'the remaining' or 'the other', 'lefitah' means 'for flight' or 'for escape'.
[GEN.32.10] And Jacob said, God of my father Abraham and God of my father Isaac, Yahveh the One who says to me, 'Return to your land and to your birthplace, and I will do good with you.' [§]
Vayomer Yaakov Elohei avi Avraham veElohei avi Yitzchak Yahveh haomer elai shuv l'artzecha ulemoladtecha ve'itivah immach.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'avi' means 'my father', 'Avraham' is Abraham, 'veElohei' means 'and God of', 'Yitzchak' is Isaac, 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'haomer' means 'the one who says', 'elai' means 'to me', 'shuv' means 'return', 'l'artzecha' means 'to your land', 'ulemoladtecha' means 'and to your birthplace', 've'itivah' means 'and I will do good', 'immach' means 'with you'. The divine names are translated literally as instructed: 'Elohei' as 'God of' and 'Yahveh' as the proper name of YHVH.
[GEN.32.11] I have become small from all the mercies and from all the truth which you have done to your servant, because with my staff I crossed this Jordan, and now I have become to two camps. [§]
Katon ti mikol hachesadim u-mikol haemet asher asita et avdeka ki be-makli avarti et haYarden hazeh ve-ata hayiti lishnei machanot.
'Katon' means 'I have become small', 'ti' is the first‑person singular verb ending meaning 'I have', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'hachesadim' means 'the mercies/kindnesses', 'u-mikol' means 'and from all', 'haemet' means 'the truth', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'ki' means 'because', 'be-makli' means 'with my staff', 'avarti' means 'I crossed', 'et' again the object marker, 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'hazeh' means 'this', 've-ata' means 'and now', 'hayiti' means 'I have become', 'lishnei' means 'to two', 'machanot' means 'camps/encampments'.
[GEN.32.12] Save me, please, from the hand of my brother Esau, for I fear him, lest he come and kill me and the children. [§]
Ha-tsileni na mi-yad achi mi-yad esav ki yare anochi oto pen yavo ve-hikani im al banim.
'Ha-tsileni' means 'save me', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'please', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'achi' means 'my brother', 'esav' is the name 'Esau', 'ki' means 'because', 'yare' means 'I fear', 'anochi' means 'I', 'oto' means 'him', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yavo' means 'he comes', 've-hikani' means 'and kill me', 'im' means 'and', 'al' means 'upon', 'banim' means 'the children'.
[GEN.32.13] And you said, 'It is good, I will do good with you, and I will set your offspring like the sand of the sea, which cannot be counted because of its great multitude.' [§]
ve'atah amarta heitev eitiv imach ve'samti et zaracha kechol hayam asher lo-yisaper merov.
've'atah' means 'and you', 'amarta' means 'said', 'heitev' means 'good' (as an assessment), 'eitiv' means 'I will do good' or 'I will be good', 'imach' means 'with you', 've'samti' means 'and I will set' or 'place', 'et zaracha' means 'your offspring', 'kechol' means 'like the sand', 'hayam' means 'of the sea', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lo-yisaper' means 'cannot be counted', 'merov' means 'because of its great multitude'.
[GEN.32.14] And he lay there that night, and he took from the (something) in his hand a gift for Esau his brother. [§]
Vayalen sham ba-layla hahu vayikach min ha-ba be-yado mincha le-Esav achiv.
'Vayalen' means 'and he lay/spent the night', 'sham' means 'there', 'ba-layla' means 'in the night', 'hahu' means 'that', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'min ha-ba' means 'from the (something)', literally 'from the coming', 'be-yado' means 'in his hand', 'mincha' means 'gift or offering', 'le-Esav' means 'to Esau', 'achiv' means 'his brother'.
[GEN.32.15] Two hundred goats and twenty, two hundred rams and twenty oxen. [§]
Izzim matayim utyashim esrim rehleem matayim veelim esrim.
'Izzim' means 'goats', 'matayim' means 'two hundred', 'utyashim' means 'and twenty', 'esrim' is the numeral 'twenty', 'rehleem' means 'rams', 'veelim' means 'and oxen' (or bulls). The structure is a listing of livestock: a quantity of goats followed by a quantity of rams and a quantity of oxen.
[GEN.32.16] Female camels and their offspring were thirty; cows forty and bulls ten; donkeys twenty and young goats ten. [§]
Gemalim meinikot u'v'neihem shloshim paro\'t arba\'im uparim asara atenot esrim v'ayyarim asara.
'Gemalim' means 'camels', 'meinikot' is taken here as 'female' or 'young', 'u'v'neihem' means 'and their offspring/sons', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'paro\'t' means 'cows' (female cattle), 'arba\'im' means 'forty', 'uparim' means 'bulls' (male cattle), 'asara' means 'ten', 'atenot' means 'donkeys', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'v'ayyarim' means 'young goats', and the final 'asara' again means 'ten'.
[GEN.32.17] And he gave his servants a single assembly; and he said to his servants, "Go before me, and you shall set rest between assembly and between assembly." [§]
Vayiten be-yad avadav eder eder levado vayomer el avadav ivru lefanai ve-revach tashimu bein eder u'vein eder.
'Vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'be-yad' means 'into the hand', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'eder' means 'assembly' or 'congregation', the second 'eder' repeats the same word, 'levado' means 'alone' or 'by himself', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el' means 'to', another 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'ivru' means 'go across' (imperative plural), 'lefanai' means 'before me', 've-revach' means 'and rest' or 'comfort', 'tashimu' means 'you shall place', 'bein' means 'between', the third 'eder' again means 'assembly', 'u'vein' means 'and between', and the final 'eder' again means 'assembly'.
[GEN.32.18] And he commanded the firstborn, saying, "Because Esau, my brother, will meet you and will ask you, 'Who are you? Where are you going? Whose are these before you?'" [§]
Vayyetzav et‑haraishon le'emor ki yifgashkha Esav achi v'she'elkha le'emor lemi-atah ve'ana telach u'lemi eleh lefanekha.
'Vayyetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'et‑haraishon' means 'the firstborn', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ki' means 'because', 'yifgashkha' means 'he will meet you', 'Esav' means 'Esau', 'achi' means 'my brother', 'v'she'elkha' means 'and he will ask you', 'le'emor' again means 'to say', 'lemi-atah' means 'who are you', 've'ana' means 'where are you going', 'telach' means 'you will go', 'u'lemi' means 'whose are', 'eleh' means 'these', 'lefanekha' means 'before you'.
[GEN.32.19] And you shall say to your servant Jacob: It is a tribute sent to my Lord for Esau, and behold, also he is after us. [§]
Ve'amaratah le'avdecha leYa'akov minchah hi sheluach la'Adoni le'Esav vehineh gam-hu achareinu.
'Ve'amaratah' means 'and you shall say', 'le'avdecha' means 'to your servant', 'leYa'akov' means 'to Jacob', 'minchah' means 'tribute' or 'offering', 'hi' means 'it is', 'sheluach' means 'sent', 'la'Adoni' means 'to my Lord' (Adonai translated as 'my Lord'), 'le'Esav' means 'for Esau', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'gam-hu' means 'also he', 'achareinu' means 'after us'.
[GEN.32.20] And he commanded also the second, also the third, also all those who were walking after the groups, saying, As for this matter, you shall speak to Esau when you find him. [§]
Vayetza gam et-hasheni gam et-hashlishi gam et-kol-haholchim acharei haadarim leemor kaddavar hazeh tedabrun el Esau bemotzakhem oto.
'Vayetza' means 'and he commanded', 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'hasheni' means 'the second', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 'kol' means 'all', 'haholchim' means 'those who walk' or 'the walking ones', 'acharei' means 'after' or 'behind', 'haadarim' means 'the clusters' or 'the groups', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'kaddavar' means 'as for this matter' or 'this thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'tedabrun' means 'you shall speak' (plural), 'el' means 'to' or 'against', 'Esau' is a proper name, 'bemotzakhem' means 'when you find him' (literally 'in your finding'), 'oto' means 'him'.
[GEN.32.21] And you will say, 'Also, behold, your servant Jacob is behind us, for he said I will make atonement for his face in the offering that goes before me, and after that I will see his face, perhaps he will lift my face.' [§]
vaamartem gam hineh avdecha Yaakov achareinu ki amar achaprah panav ba-minchah ha-holechet lefanai ve-acharei ken ereh panav ulai yisa panai.
"vaamartem" means "and you will say", "gam" means "also", "hineh" means "behold" or "look", "avdecha" means "your servant", "Yaakov" is the proper name Jacob, "achareinu" means "after us" or "behind us", "ki" means "because" or "for", "amar" means "he said", "achaprah" means "I will make atonement" (literally "I will cover"), "panav" means "his face", "ba-minchah" means "in the offering" or "in the meal offering", "ha-holechet" means "that goes" or "that is moving", "lefanai" means "before me", "ve-acharei" means "and after", "ken" means "that", "ereh" means "I will see", "panav" again "his face", "ulai" means "perhaps", "yisa" means "he will lift" or "he will raise", "panai" means "my face".
[GEN.32.22] And the offering passed before him, and he was with us that night in the camp. [§]
va-ta'avor ha-minchah al panav ve-hu lan ba-layla ha-hu ba-machaneh.
'va-ta'avor' means 'and (it) passed', 'ha-minchah' means 'the offering', 'al panav' means 'before his face' (i.e., before him), 've-hu' means 'and he', 'lan' means 'to us' or 'with us', 'ba-layla' means 'in the night', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'ba-machaneh' means 'in the camp'.
[GEN.32.23] And he rose up in the night, and took his two wives and his two maidservants and his ten sons, and he crossed the ford of Yabbok. [§]
Vayyakam balayla hu vayikach et-shtei nashav ve'et-shtei shipchotav ve'et-achad asar yeladav vayaa'vor et ma'avar Yabbok.
'Vayyakam' means 'and he rose', 'balayla' means 'in the night', 'hu' means 'he', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'shtei' means 'two', 'nashav' means 'wives', 've'et' means 'and', 'shtei' again 'two', 'shipchotav' means 'his maidservants', 've'et' again 'and', 'achad' means 'one', 'asar' means 'ten', 'yeladav' means 'his sons', 'vayya'vor' means 'and he passed over', 'et' again a particle, 'ma'avar' means 'crossing' or 'ford', 'Yabbok' is the name of a river.
[GEN.32.24] And he took them, and he led them across the stream, and he crossed that which was his. [§]
Vayikachem vayya'avarem et hanachal vayya'aver et asher lo.
'Vayikachem' means 'and he took them'; 'vayya'avarem' means 'and he led them across'; 'et' is the direct‑object marker and is not rendered in English; 'hanachal' means 'the stream'; 'vayya'aver' means 'and he crossed'; another 'et' marks the next object; 'asher' means 'that which'; 'lo' means 'was his' or 'his'. No divine name appears in this verse.
[GEN.32.25] Then Jacob was left alone, and he wrestled with a man until the rising of the dawn. [§]
Vayivater Yaakov levado vayyevekh ish immo ad alot hashachar.
'Vayivater' means 'and he was left', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'levado' means 'by himself' or 'alone', 'vayyevekh' means 'and he wrestled', 'ish' means 'a man', 'immo' means 'with him', 'ad' means 'until', 'alot' means 'the rising' or 'the going up', 'hashachar' means 'the dawn'.
[GEN.32.26] And he saw that he could not overpower him, and he struck the hip of his thigh, and Jacob's hip was wrenched as he wrestled with him. [§]
vayar ki lo yakhol lo vayiga bekhaf-yerekho vateka kaf-yerek yaakov beheavko immo
'vayar' means 'and he saw', 'ki' means 'that', 'lo' means 'not', 'yakhol' means 'could', the second 'lo' means 'him', 'vayiga' means 'and he struck', 'bekhaf-yerekho' means 'in the hip of his thigh', 'vateka' means 'and (the) hip struck', 'kaf-yerek' means 'hip of the thigh', 'yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'beheavko' means 'in his wrestling', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[GEN.32.27] And he said, 'Send me, for the dawn has risen,' and he said, 'I will not let you go unless you bless me.' [§]
Vayomer shal'cheeni ki ala hasachar vayomer lo ashalekhacha ki im berachtani.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'shal'cheeni' means 'send me' or 'release me', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'ala' means 'has risen', 'hasachar' means 'the dawn' or 'the morning', the second 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashalekhacha' means 'I will let you go' or 'I will release you', 'ki' here introduces a condition meaning 'except' or 'unless', 'im' means 'if', 'berachtani' means 'you have blessed me'.
[GEN.32.28] And he said to him, "What is your name?" And he said, "Jacob." [§]
Vayomer elav ma-shemekha vayomer Ya'akov.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'ma' means 'what', 'shemekha' means 'your name', the hyphen joins the phrase as a question, and the second 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'Ya'akov' is the personal name Jacob.
[GEN.32.29] And he said, Jacob shall no longer be called by your name, but Israel, for you have wrestled with the Gods and with men, and you prevailed. [§]
Vayomer lo Yaakov yeamer od shimkha ki im Yisrael ki sarita im haElohim veim haAnashim vatuqal.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'yeamer' means 'shall be called', 'od' means 'anymore', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'if/when' (here 'because'), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', second 'ki' means 'for', 'sarita' means 'you wrestled', 'im' means 'with', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (Elohim translated as the Gods), 'veim' means 'and with', 'haAnashim' means 'the men', 'vatuqal' means 'you prevailed'.
[GEN.32.30] And Jacob asked, and said, 'Please tell your name.' He said, 'Why is this you ask my name?' And he blessed him there. [§]
Vayishal Yaakov vayomer hagida-na shmekha vayomer lama ze tishal lismi vayivarech oto sham.
'Vayishal' means 'and he asked', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hagida-na' means 'please tell', 'shmekha' means 'your name', 'vayomer' (again) means 'and he said', 'lama' means 'why', 'ze' means 'this', 'tishal' means 'you ask', 'lismi' means 'my name', 'vayivarech' means 'and he blessed', 'oto' means 'him', 'sham' means 'there'.
[GEN.32.31] And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel, because I have seen the Gods face to face, and my soul was saved. [§]
Vayikra Jacob shem ha makom Peniel ki ra'iti Elohim panim el panim va tinatselet nafshi.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'Jacob' is the personal name, 'shem' means 'name', 'ha' means 'the', 'makom' means 'place', 'Peniel' is the given name meaning 'face of God', 'ki' means 'because', 'ra'iti' means 'I saw', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'panim' means 'face', 'el' means 'to', the second 'panim' again means 'face', 'va' means 'and', 'tinatselet' means 'was saved' or 'was preserved', 'nafshi' means 'my soul'.
[GEN.32.32] And the sun rose for him, as it passed over Penuel, and he was cutting upon his thigh. [§]
Vayizrach lo hashamesh ka'asher avar et-penuel vehu tzolea al-yerecho.
'Vayizrach' means 'and it rose', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'for him', 'hashamesh' means 'the sun', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'like', 'avar' means 'passed', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no direct English equivalent, 'Penuel' is a proper name, 'vehu' means 'and he', 'tzolea' means 'was cutting' (from the verb related to cutting or shaving), 'al' means 'upon', and 'yerecho' means 'his thigh'.
[GEN.32.33] Therefore the children of Israel did not eat the skirt of the woman that is on the thigh of the reed until this day, because Jacob's thigh was bruised in the skirt of the woman. [§]
Al-ken lo yo'khelu b'nei Yisrael et gid hanasheh asher al kaf hayarakch ad hayom haze ki naga be-kaf-yerek Ya'akov be-gid hanasheh.
'Al-ken' means 'therefore', 'lo' means 'not', 'yo'khelu' means 'they will eat', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'gid' means 'skirt' or 'fold', 'hanasheh' means 'the woman', 'asher' means 'that', 'al' means 'on', 'kaf' means 'thigh', 'hayarakch' means 'of the reed', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'haze' means 'this', 'ki' means 'because', 'naga' means 'was bruised', 'be-kaf-yerek' means 'in Jacob's thigh', 'Ya'akov' is 'Jacob', 'be-gid hanasheh' means 'in the skirt of the woman'.
GEN.33
[GEN.33.1] And Jacob lifted his eyes and saw, and behold Esau came, and with him four hundred men; and he divided the children upon Leah and upon Rachel and upon the two maidservants. [§]
va-yissa yaakov einav vayare ve-hineh esav ba ve-immo arba'a me'ot ish vayachatz et-hayeladim al-Leah ve-al-Rachel ve-al shtei ha-shephachot.
'va-yissa' means 'and he lifted', 'yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'einav' means 'his eyes', 'vayare' means 'and he saw', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'esav' means 'Esau', 'ba' means 'came', 've-immo' means 'and with him', 'arba'a' means 'four', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'ish' means 'men', 'vayachatz' means 'and he divided', 'et-hayeladim' means 'the children', 'al-Leah' means 'upon Leah', 've-al-Rachel' means 'and upon Rachel', 've-al' means 'and upon', 'shtei' means 'two', 'ha-shephachot' means 'the maidservants'.
[GEN.33.2] And he placed the maidservants and their children first, and Leah and her children last, and Rachel and Joseph last. [§]
Vayyasem et-hashfakhot ve'et-yaldeihen rishonah ve'et-Le'ah vi'yaladehah acharonim ve'et-Rachel ve'et-Yosef acharonim.
'Vayyasem' means 'and he placed', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hashfakhot' means 'the maidservants', 've' means 'and', 'yaldeihen' means 'their children', 'rishonah' means 'first', 'Le'ah' is the personal name Leah, 'vi'yaladehah' means 'and her children', 'acharonim' means 'last', 'Rachel' is the personal name Rachel, 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph.
[GEN.33.3] And he passed before them, and the earth bowed seven times, until his approach, until his brother. [§]
vehu avar lifnehem vayishtachu aratzah sheva pe'amim ad gishto ad achiv.
'vehu' means 'and he', 'avar' means 'passed', 'lifnehem' means 'before them', 'vayishtachu' means 'and they bowed', 'aratzah' means 'the earth', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'pe'amim' means 'times', 'ad' means 'until', 'gishto' means 'his approach' or 'his arrival', 'achiv' means 'his brother'.
[GEN.33.4] And Esau ran to meet him, and he embraced him; and he fell on his neck, and he kissed him, and they wept. [§]
vayaratz esav likrato vayichabkehu vayipol al tzavara vayishakehu vayivku.
'vayaratz' means 'and he ran', 'esav' is the personal name Esau, 'likrato' means 'to meet him', 'vayichabkehu' means 'and he embraced him', 'vayipol' means 'and he fell', 'al' means 'on', 'tzavara' means 'his neck', 'vayishakehu' means 'and he kissed him', 'vayivku' means 'and they wept'.
[GEN.33.5] And he lifted his eyes and saw the women and the children, and he said, Who are these to you? And he said, the children that the Gods have shown to your servant. [§]
Vayissa et-einav vayare et-hanashim ve'et-hayeladim vayomer mi-elleh lakh vayomer hayeladim asher chanen Elohim et-avdecha.
'Vayissa' means 'and he lifted', 'et-einav' means 'his eyes', 'vayare' means 'and he saw', 'et-hanashim' means 'the women', 've'et-hayeladim' means 'and the children', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mi-elleh' means 'who are these', 'lakh' means 'to you (feminine)', the second 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hayeladim' means 'the children', 'asher' means 'that', 'chanen' means 'has shown' or 'has given', 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods', and 'et-avdecha' means 'to your servant'.
[GEN.33.6] And she approached the maidservants there, and their children, and she bowed down. [§]
vatigashna hashpachot hena veyaldeihen vatishtachvena.
'vatigashna' means 'and she approached', 'hashpachot' means 'the maidservants', 'hena' means 'there' or 'here', 'veyaldeihen' means 'and their children', 'vatishtachvena' means 'and she bowed down'.
[GEN.33.7] And Leah also approached with her children, and they bowed. Then Joseph and Rachel approached, and they bowed. [§]
vatigash gam-Leah viyladeha vayishtachavu veachar nigash Yosef veRachel vayishtachvu.
'vatigash' means 'and she approached', 'gam' means 'also', 'Leah' is the name Leah, 'viyladeha' means 'with her children', 'vayishtachavu' means 'they bowed', 'veachar' means 'and after', 'nigash' means 'he approached', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'veRachel' means 'and Rachel', 'vayishtachvu' means 'they bowed'.
[GEN.33.8] And he said, 'Who is to you all this camp that I have encountered?' And he said, 'To find favor in the eyes of my Lord.' [§]
Vayomer mi lekha kol-hamachaneh hazeh asher pagashti vayomer limtzo chein be'einei adoni.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mi' means 'who', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'kol-hamachaneh hazeh' means 'all this camp', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'pagashti' means 'I met' (literally 'I have encountered'), the second 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'limtzo' means 'to find', 'chein' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', and 'adoni' means 'my Lord' (literal translation of the divine name Adonai).
[GEN.33.9] And Esau said, I have much, my brother, let it be to you that which is yours. [§]
Vayomer Esav yesh-li rav achi yehi lecha asher-lach.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Esav' is the personal name Esau, 'yesh-li' means 'I have' (literally 'there is to me'), 'rav' means 'much' or 'great', 'achi' means 'my brother', 'yehi' means 'let it be', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lach' means 'is yours'.
[GEN.33.10] And Jacob said, 'Please, if you will, I have found favor in your eyes and you have taken my offering from my hand, because I have seen your face as the face of the Gods, and you have pleased me.' [§]
Vayomer Yaakov al-na im-na matzati chen beeynecha ve-lakachta minchati miyadi ki al-ken raiti panecha kirot p'nei Elohim va-tirtzeni.
'Vayomer' means 'and (he) said', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'al-na' means 'please' (a plea), 'im-na' means 'if you will', 'matzati' means 'I have found', 'chen' means 'favor', 'beeynecha' means 'in your eyes', 've-lakachta' means 'and you have taken', 'minchati' means 'my offering', 'miyadi' means 'from my hand', 'ki' means 'because', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'raiti' means 'I have seen', 'panecha' means 'your face', 'kirot' means 'as', 'p'nei' means 'the face of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'va-tirtzeni' means 'and you have pleased me'.
[GEN.33.11] Take please my blessing which has been brought to you because the Gods have shown me favor and because I have everything, and he/she tore it and took it. [§]
Kach na et birkati asher hubaat lakh ki chanani Elohim ve-ki yesh li kol vayiftsar bo vayikach.
'Kach' means 'Take', 'na' means 'please', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'birkati' means 'my blessing', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hubaat' means 'has been brought', 'lakh' means 'to you', 'ki' means 'because', 'chanani' means 'has shown me favor', 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods', 've-ki' means 'and because', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'li' means 'to me', 'kol' means 'everything', 'vayiftsar' means 'and he/she tore', 'bo' means 'it', 'vayikach' means 'and took'.
[GEN.33.12] And he said, Let us go, let us depart, and let us go before you. [§]
Vayomer nisa ve nelekha ve elkha le negdecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'nisa' means 'let us travel' or 'let us go', 've' means 'and', 'nelekha' means 'let us go', another 've' means 'and', 'elkha' means 'let us go' (a repeated verb for emphasis), 'le' is a preposition meaning 'to' or 'before', and 'negdecha' means 'your presence' or 'before you'.
[GEN.33.13] And he said to him, My Lord knows that the children are weak, and the sheep and the cattle are upon me, and they will strike them one day and all the sheep died. [§]
Vayomer elav Adoni yodea ki hayladim rakim vehatson vehabakar alot alai udpakum yom echad vametu kol hatson.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'yodea' means 'knows', 'ki' means 'that', 'hayladim' means 'the children', 'rakim' means 'weak', 'vehatson' means 'and the sheep', 'vehabakar' means 'and the cattle', 'alot' means 'are upon', 'alai' means 'me', 'udpakum' means 'they will strike', 'yom' means 'one day', 'echad' means 'one', 'vametu' means 'and they died', 'kol' means 'all', 'hatson' means 'the sheep'.
[GEN.33.14] Please go, my Lord, before his servant, and I will step forward to the edge of the work that is before me and to the edge of the children until I come to my Lord the fire. [§]
Yaaver-na Adoni lifnei avdo va-ani etnahela le-iti le-regel ha-melacha asher le-fanai u-le-regel ha-yaladim ad asher avo el Adoni seira.
'Yaaver-na' means 'please pass' (imperative of to pass, with a plea particle). 'Adoni' means 'my Lord' (the respectful title for God). 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of'. 'avdo' means 'his servant'. 'va-ani' means 'and I'. 'etnahela' means 'will step forward' (literally 'I will go ahead'). 'le-iti' means 'to the edge' or 'to the border'. 'le-regel' means 'to the foot' or 'to the base'. 'ha-melacha' means 'the work' or 'the labor'. 'asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'le-fanai' means 'before me'. 'u-le-regel' means 'and to the edge'. 'ha-yaladim' means 'the children'. 'ad' means 'until'. 'asher' again means 'that' or 'which'. 'avo' means 'I come' or 'I will come'. 'el' means 'to' or 'toward'. 'Adoni' again means 'my Lord'. 'seira' is an idiom for 'the fire' or 'the fiery place', here rendered as 'the fire' for clarity.
[GEN.33.15] And Esau said, Please let me keep with you from the people who are with me, and he said, Why this? I will find favor in the eyes of my Lord. [§]
Vayomer Esav, Atsiga na imkha min haam asher iti, vayomer, Lama zeh emtza chen be'eyney Adoni.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Esav' is the name Esau, 'Atsiga' means 'I will hold' or 'I will keep', 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please', 'imkha' means 'with you', 'min' means 'from', 'haam' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'iti' means 'are with me', 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'Lama' means 'why', 'zeh' means 'this', 'emtza' means 'I will find', 'chen' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'be'eyney' means 'in the eyes of', and 'Adoni' is a divine name translated literally as 'my Lord'.
[GEN.33.16] And that day Esau returned to his way like a wild goat. [§]
Vayyashav bayom haho esav ledarko se'irah.
'Vayyashav' means 'and he returned', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'haho' means 'that', 'esav' is the proper name Esau, 'ledarko' means 'to his way', 'se'irah' means 'like a goat' (literally 'as a wild goat').
[GEN.33.17] And Jacob journeyed to Sukkoth and built for himself a house, and for his livestock he made a booth; therefore he called the name of the place Sukkoth. [§]
veYaakov nasa sukkotah vayiven lo bayit ulemiknehu asa sukkot al-ken kara shem hamakom sukkot.
've' means 'and', 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob, 'nasa' means 'traveled' or 'journeyed', 'sukkotah' means 'to Sukkoth' (a place name), 'vayiven' means 'and he built', 'lo' means 'for himself', 'bayit' means 'a house', 'ulemiknehu' means 'for his livestock', 'asa' means 'made' or 'prepared', 'sukkot' means 'a booth or tabernacle', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'kara' means 'he called', 'shem' means 'the name', 'hamakom' means 'of the place', 'sukkot' repeats as the name given to the place.
[GEN.33.18] And Jacob came to the peaceful city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Padan Aram, and he camped before the city. [§]
vayavo yaakov shalem ir shechem asher beeretz kenaan bavo mipadan aram vayichan etpnei ha'ir.
'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'shalem' means 'peaceful' or 'complete', 'ir' means 'city', 'shechem' is the name of the city, 'asher' means 'which', 'beeretz' means 'in the land', 'kenaan' means 'Canaan', 'bavo' means 'when he came', 'mipadan' means 'from Padan', 'aram' is the region Aram, 'vayichan' means 'and he camped', 'etpnei' means 'before' (face of), 'ha'ir' means 'the city'.
[GEN.33.19] And he bought the portion of the field which he had set his tent there, from the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem, for a hundred shekels. [§]
Vayiken et-ḥelqat ha-sadeh asher nata-sham ahalo mi-yad b'nei-ḥamor avi shekem be-me'ah keshitah.
'Vayiken' means 'and he purchased', 'et-ḥelqat' means 'the portion', 'ha-sadeh' means 'of the field', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nata-sham' means 'he set up there', 'ahalo' means 'his tent', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'b'nei-ḥamor' means 'the sons of Hamor', 'avi' means 'the father', 'shekem' means 'of Shechem', 'be-me'ah' means 'for a hundred', 'keshitah' means 'shekels'.
[GEN.33.20] and he set up there an altar and called it God, the God of Israel. [§]
va-yatzev sham mizbeach va-yikra lo El Elohei Yisrael.
'va-yatzev' means 'and he set up', 'sham' means 'there', 'mizbeach' means 'an altar', 'va-yikra' means 'and he called', 'lo' means 'it', 'El' means 'God', 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' meaning 'God of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
GEN.34
[GEN.34.1] And Dinah, the daughter of Leah, whom Jacob had, went out to see the daughters of the land. [§]
Vatteze Dinah bat-Leah asher yaldah leYaakov lir'ot bivnot haaretz.
'Vatteze' means 'and went out', 'Dinah' is a personal name, 'bat' means 'daughter', 'Leah' is a personal name, 'asher' means 'who' or 'whom', 'yaldah' means 'she bore' or 'gave birth to', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob' but functions here as the possessive 'Jacob's', 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 'bivnot' means 'among the daughters' or 'the daughters', and 'haaretz' means 'of the land' or 'of the country'.
[GEN.34.2] And Shekem son of Hamor the Hivite, leader of the land, saw her, took her, lay with her and made her his wife. [§]
vayar ota Shekem ben-Chamor haHivi nesi haaretz vayikach ota vayishkav ota vayaneha.
'vayar' means 'and saw', 'ota' means 'her', 'Shekem' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Chamor' is a proper name, 'haHivi' means 'the Hivite', 'nesi' means 'leader' or 'prince', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'vayikach' means 'and took', 'vayishkav' means 'and lay with', 'vayaneha' means 'and made her his wife' (literally 'and married her').
[GEN.34.3] And his soul clung to Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the maiden, and he spoke about the maiden's heart. [§]
vatiddbak nafsho bedinah bat-yaakov vaye'ehav et-hana'ara vaydaber al-lev han'ara.
'vatiddbak' means 'and (he) clung', 'nafsho' means 'his soul', 'bedinah' means 'to Dinah', 'bat-yaakov' means 'daughter of Jacob', 'vaye'ehav' means 'and he loved', 'et-hana'ara' means 'the maiden', 'vaydaber' means 'and he spoke', 'al-lev' means 'about the heart', 'han'ara' means 'of the maiden'.
[GEN.34.4] And Shechem said to Hamor his father, saying, Take for me this girl as a wife. [§]
Vayeramer Shechem el Hamor aviv leemor kach-li et ha-yaldah hazot le-isha.
'Vayeramer' means 'and he said', 'Shechem' is a proper name, 'el' means 'to', 'Hamor' is a proper name, 'aviv' means 'his father', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'kach-li' means 'take for me', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-yaldah' means 'the girl', 'hazot' means 'this', 'le-isha' means 'for a wife'.
[GEN.34.5] And Jacob heard that Dinah was defiled, and his sons were his livestock in the field, and Jacob was silent until they came. [§]
veYaakov shama ki timeh et-Dinah bito uvanav hayu et-miknehu basade vehekheresh Yaakov ad-boam.
'veYaakov' means 'and Jacob', 'shama' means 'heard', 'ki' means 'that', 'timeh' means 'was defiled', 'et-Dinah' means 'Dinah (object marker)', 'bito' means 'his daughter', 'uvanav' means 'and his sons', 'hayu' means 'were', 'et-miknehu' means 'his livestock (object marker)', 'basade' means 'in the field', 'vehekheresh' means 'and was silent', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'ad-boam' means 'until they came'.
[GEN.34.6] And the donkey of Abishkem went out to Jacob to speak with him. [§]
Va-yetse chamor avi-shechem el-Yaakov le-dabber ito.
'Va-yetse' means 'and he went out', 'chamor' means 'donkey', 'avi-shechem' means 'of Abishkem' (a personal name), 'el-Yaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'le-dabber' means 'to speak', 'ito' means 'with him'.
[GEN.34.7] And Jacob's sons came from the field when they heard, and the men were offended and were greatly angry with them because a defilement was done by Israel to lie with Jacob's daughter, and therefore it shall not be done. [§]
uvnei Yaakov bau min-hashade keshamaam vayitatzvu ha'anashim vayichar lahem meod ki-nevala asah beyesrael lishkav et-bat-Yaakov vechen lo yeaseh.
'uvnei' means 'and the sons', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'bau' means 'came', 'min-hashade' means 'from the field', 'keshamaam' means 'when they heard', 'vayitatzvu' means 'and they were offended', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'vayichar' means 'and they were angry', 'lahem' means 'with them', 'meod' means 'greatly', 'ki-nevala' means 'because a defilement', 'asah' means 'was done', 'beyisrael' means 'by Israel', 'lishkav' means 'to lie with', 'et-bat-Yaakov' means 'Jacob's daughter', 'vechen' means 'and therefore', 'lo' means 'not', 'yeaseh' means 'it will be done'.
[GEN.34.8] And the donkey spoke to them, saying, "Rise, my son, his desire his soul in your daughters; please give her to him as a wife." [§]
Vaydaver chamor itam leemor shekhem b'ni hashka nafsho bevitchem tenu na otah lo leisha.
'Vaydaver' means 'and he spoke', 'chamor' means 'donkey', 'itam' means 'to them', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'shekhem' means 'rise' (imperative), 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'hashka' means 'his desire' or 'his longing', 'nafsho' means 'his soul', 'bevitchem' means 'in your daughters', 'tenu' means 'give', 'na' means 'please', 'otah' means 'her', 'lo' means 'to him', 'leisha' means 'as a wife'.
[GEN.34.9] And we shall make a covenant with them: give us your daughters, and you shall take our daughters for yourselves. [§]
ve'hitchatenu otanu benoteichem titnu lanu ve'et benoteinu tikhu lakhem.
've' means 'and', 'hitchatenu' means 'we shall make a covenant', 'otanu' means 'with us', 'benoteichem' means 'your daughters', 'titnu' means 'you shall give', 'lanu' means 'to us', 've'et' means 'and', 'benoteinu' means 'our daughters', 'tikhu' means 'you shall take', 'lakhem' means 'for you (plural)'.
[GEN.34.10] And with us you will sit, and the land will be before you; dwell and trade in it, and hold fast to it. [§]
veitanu teshevu vehaaretz tiheye lifneichem shevu usecharuha veheachazu ba
'veitanu' means 'and with us', 'teshevu' means 'you will sit', 'vehaaretz' means 'and the land', 'tiheye' means 'will be', 'lifneichem' means 'before you (plural)', 'shevu' means 'dwell', 'usecharuha' means 'and trade in it' (from the root s-ch-r meaning commerce), 'veheachazu' means 'and hold fast', 'ba' means 'in it'.
[GEN.34.11] And Shechem said to his father and his brothers, I will find favor in your eyes, and whatever you say to me I will give. [§]
Vayomer Shechem el-aviv ve'el achiyah emtsa chen be'eyneychem ve'asher tomru elai eten.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shechem' is a personal name, 'el-aviv' means 'to his father', 've'el' means 'and to', 'achiyah' means 'his brothers', 'emtsa' means 'I will find', 'chen' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'be'eyneychem' means 'in your eyes', 've'asher' means 'and whatever', 'tomru' means 'you say', 'elai' means 'to me', 'eten' means 'I will give'.
[GEN.34.12] Increase upon me exceedingly, give, and I will give as you say to me, and give me the young woman to be a wife. [§]
Harvu alai meod mohar u-mattan v'etnah ka'asher tomru elai u-tenu li et hana'arah leisha.
'Harvu' means 'increase' (imperative plural); 'alai' means 'upon me'; 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'; 'mohar' is a form of 'more' or 'greater'; 'u-mattan' means 'and give'; 'v'etnah' means 'and I will give'; 'ka'asher' means 'as'; 'tomru' means 'you say'; 'elai' means 'to me'; 'u-tenu' means 'and give (to) me'; 'li' means 'to me'; 'et' is the direct object marker; 'hana'arah' means 'the young woman' or 'the maiden'; 'leisha' means 'for a wife' or 'to be a wife'.
[GEN.34.13] The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and his father's donkey deceitfully, and they spoke the thing that would defile Dinah, their sister. [§]
Vayanu bnei Yaakov et Shekhem ve'et Chamor aviv bemirma vaydaberu asher timea et Dina achotam.
'Vayanu' means 'and they answered', 'bnei' means 'sons (of)', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'et' is the direct object marker (untranslated), 'Shekhem' is a proper name, 've'et' means 'and (the) ... also', 'Chamor' means 'donkey', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'bemirma' means 'with deceit', 'vaydaberu' means 'and they spoke', 'asher' means 'that which', 'timea' means 'defiles' or 'makes impure', 'et' again is the object marker, 'Dina' is a proper name, 'achotam' means 'their sister'.
[GEN.34.14] They said to them, We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to a man who has a virgin, for it would be a disgrace to us. [§]
Vayomaroo aleihem lo nukhal laasot hadavar hazeh latet et achotenu leish asher lo arlah ki cherpah hi lanu.
'Vayomaroo' means 'they said', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'lo' means 'not', 'nukhal' means 'we can' (negative sense here: we cannot), 'laasot' means 'to do', 'hadavar' means 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'latet' means 'to give', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'achotenu' means 'our sister', 'leish' means 'to a man', 'asher' means 'who', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'his', 'arlah' means 'virgin', 'ki' means 'because', 'cherpah' means 'disgrace', 'hi' means 'it', 'lanu' means 'to us'.
[GEN.34.15] Only by these signs for you, if you become like us, to strike down all the males among you. [§]
Ach bezoat neot lachem im tiheyu kamonu lehimol lachem kol zakhar.
'Ach' means 'only' or 'but', 'bezoat' means 'by this' or 'with this', 'neot' means 'signs', 'lachem' means 'to you' (plural), 'im' means 'if', 'tiheyu' means 'you will be', 'kamonu' means 'like us', 'lehimol' means 'to strike down' or 'to kill', 'lachem' again means 'against you', and 'kol zakhar' means 'all male' (i.e., all men).
[GEN.34.16] And we will give our daughters to you, and we will take your daughters for ourselves, and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people. [§]
ve-natannu et benoteinu lachem ve-et benoteichem nikach lanu ve-yashavnu ittekhem ve-hayinuu le-am echad.
've' means 'and', 'natannu' means 'we will give', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'benoteinu' means 'our daughters', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 've' again means 'and', 'et' is the object marker, 'benoteichem' means 'your daughters', 'nikach' means 'we will take', 'lanu' means 'for us', 've' means 'and', 'yashavnu' means 'we will dwell' or 'live', 'ittekem' means 'with you', 've' means 'and', 'hayinuu' means 'we will become' or 'we will be', 'le-am' means 'to a people', 'echad' means 'one'.
[GEN.34.17] And if you will not listen to us, we will take our daughter and we will go. [§]
Ve'im lo tishme'u elenu lehimol ve'laqachnu et-bittenu ve'halachnu.
'Ve'' means 'and', 'im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'tishme'u' means 'you (plural) will listen', 'elenu' means 'to us', 'lehimol' means 'to become weary or to cause to be weary' (idiomatically understood here as 'to act against us'), 've' means 'and', 'laqachnu' means 'we will take', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'bittenu' means 'our daughter', 've' means 'and', 'halachnu' means 'we will go'.
[GEN.34.18] They sweetened their words in the eyes of the donkey and in the eyes of Shechem son of the donkey. [§]
Vayitbu dibreihem be'eynei chomor uve'eynei shechem ben-chamor.
'Vayitbu' means 'they made good' or 'they sweetened', 'dibreihem' means 'their words', 'be'eynei' means 'in the eyes of', 'chomor' means 'the donkey', 'uve'eynei' means 'and in the eyes of', 'shechem' is a proper name, 'ben-chamor' means 'son of the donkey'.
[GEN.34.19] And not later the boy to do the matter because he desires the daughter of Jacob, and he is honored above all the house of his father. [§]
ve lo echer ha na'ar laasot ha davar ki chafetz bavat Yaakov vehu nikhbad mikol beit aviv.
've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'echer' means 'later', 'ha' means 'the', 'na'ar' means 'boy', 'laasot' means 'to do', 'ha' means 'the', 'davar' means 'matter' or 'thing', 'ki' means 'because', 'chafetz' means 'desires', 'bavat' means 'daughter', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'nikhbad' means 'is honored', 'mikol' means 'more than all', 'beit' means 'house', 'aviv' means 'his father'.
[GEN.34.20] And a donkey and his foal came to the gate of the city, and they spoke to the men of the city, saying. [§]
vayavo chamor ushkhem b'no el sha'ar iram vayedabru el anshei iram leemor.
'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'chamor' means 'donkey', 'ushkhem' means 'and his foal', 'b'no' means 'his son' (here referring to the foal), 'el' means 'to', 'sha'ar' means 'gate', 'iram' means 'the city', 'vayedabru' means 'and they spoke', 'el' means 'to', 'anshei' means 'the men of', 'iram' again means 'the city', 'leemor' means 'saying'.
[GEN.34.21] These men are perfect; they are with us and will dwell in the land and will trade it, and the land, behold, is a spread of hands before them. We will take their daughters for wives, and we will give our daughters to them. [§]
Ha anashim ha eleh sheleim hem itanu ve yeshvu ba aretz ve yischaru otah ve ha aretz hineh rachavat yadeyim lifnehem et benotam nikkach lanu lenashim ve et benotenu niten lahem.
'Ha' means 'the', 'anashim' means 'men', 'ha' again 'the', 'eleh' means 'these', 'sheleim' means 'perfect' or 'complete', 'hem' means 'they', 'itanu' means 'with us', 've' means 'and', 'yeshvu' means 'will dwell', 'ba aretz' means 'in the land', 've yischaru' means 'and will trade/handle', 'otah' means 'it', 've' again 'and', 'ha aretz' means 'the land', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'rachavat yadeyim' means 'spread of hands' (literally 'width of hands'), 'lifnehem' means 'before them', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'benotam' means 'their daughters', 'nikkach' means 'we will take', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'le nashim' means 'for wives', 've' again 'and', 'et' marker, 'benotenu' means 'our daughters', 'niten' means 'we will give', 'lahem' means 'to them'.
[GEN.34.22] Only by this will the men bring themselves to sit with us to be one people, counting for us every male just as they are counted. [§]
Ach bezeot yeetu lanu haanashim lashevet itanu lihyot leam ehad behimol lanu kol-zachar kaasher hem nimolim.
'Ach' means 'only', 'bezeot' means 'by this', 'yeetu' means 'will they bring', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'haanashim' means 'the men', 'lashevet' means 'to sit', 'itanu' means 'with us', 'lihyot' means 'to be', 'leam' means 'a people', 'ehad' means 'one', 'behimol' means 'in the act of being counted', 'lanu' again means 'to us', 'kol-zachar' means 'every male', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'hem' means 'they', 'nimolim' means 'are counted'.
[GEN.34.23] Their livestock and their possessions and all their animals—are they not ours? Only we will give them, and they will dwell with us. [§]
Miknehem veqinyanam vechol-behemtam halo lo lanu hem akh ne'otah lahem veyeshvu itanu.
'Miknehem' means 'their livestock', 'veqinyanam' means 'and their possessions', 'vechol-behemtam' means 'and all their animals', 'halo' means 'is not', 'lo' means 'for', 'lanu' means 'us/ours', 'hem' means 'they', 'akh' means 'only', 'ne'otah' means 'we will give', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'veyeshvu' means 'and they will dwell', 'itanu' means 'with us'.
[GEN.34.24] They heard toward the donkey and toward Shechem his son, all those who were going out of the city gate, and they turned all the males, all those who were going out of the city gate. [§]
Vayishme'u el-Chamor ve'el-Shechem b'no kol-yotse'ei sha'ar iro vayimolu kol-zachar kol-yotse'ei sha'ar iro.
'Vayishme'u' means 'they heard' (literally 'they listened'), 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'Chamor' is a proper name (the donkey), 've'el' means 'and to', 'Shechem' is a proper name, 'b'no' means 'his son', 'kol' means 'all', 'yotse'ei' means 'those who go out', 'sha'ar' means 'gate', 'iro' means 'his city' (referring to the city), 'vayimolu' means 'they turned' or 'they bowed', 'zachar' means 'male' (masculine person). The phrase repeats 'all those who go out of the city gate' for emphasis.
[GEN.34.25] And it happened on the third day while they were weeping, they took the two sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, the brothers of Dinah, a man with a sword, and they came upon the city in confidence and killed every male. [§]
Vayehi bayom hashlishi bihyotam koavim vayikchu shnei-benei-Yaakov Shim'on veLevi achei Dinah ish charvo vayavo al-ha'ir betach vayahargu kol-zachar.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 'bihyotam' means 'while they were', 'koavim' means 'as (they) wept', 'vayikchu' means 'they took', 'shnei-benei-Yaakov' means 'the two sons of Jacob', 'Shim'on' means 'Simeon', 'veLevi' means 'and Levi', 'achei' means 'brothers', 'Dinah' is a proper name, 'ish' means 'a man', 'charvo' means 'with a sword', 'vayavo' means 'they came', 'al-ha'ir' means 'upon the city', 'betach' means 'in confidence', 'vayahargu' means 'they killed', 'kol-zachar' means 'every male'.
[GEN.34.26] And they killed the donkey and the son of Shekem with the sword, and they took Dina from the house of Shekem and went out. [§]
ve'et chamor ve'et shekem beno hargu lefi chorev vayikchu et dina mibeit shekem vayetseu.
've'et' means 'and (the object marker)', 'chamor' means 'donkey', 've'et' again means 'and (the object marker)', 'shekem' is a proper name, 'beno' means 'his son', 'hargu' means 'they killed', 'lefi' means 'with the edge of', 'chorev' means 'sword', 'vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'et' is again the object marker, 'dina' is a proper name, 'mibeit' means 'from the house of', 'shekem' again the proper name, and 'vayetseu' means 'and they went out'.
[GEN.34.27] The sons of Jacob came upon the slain and plundered the city which they defiled, their sister. [§]
b'nei yaakov ba'u al hachlalim vayavozu ha'ir asher timu achotam.
'b'nei' means 'sons', 'yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'ba'u' means 'came', 'al' means 'upon' or 'against', 'hachlalim' means 'the dead' or 'the slain', 'vayavozu' means 'and they plundered' or 'and they despoiled', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'asher' means 'which', 'timu' means 'they defiled', 'achotam' means 'their sister'.
[GEN.34.28] Their flock and their cattle and their donkeys, and whatever was in the city and whatever was in the field, they took. [§]
et tzonam ve et beqaram ve et chamorehem ve et asher bair ve et asher basadeh laqohu.
'et' is a direct‑object marker and is not translated. 'tzonam' means 'their flock'. 've' means 'and'. 'beqaram' means 'their cattle'. 'chamorehem' means 'their donkeys'. 'asher' means 'that which' or 'whatever'. 'bair' means 'in the city'. 'basadeh' means 'in the field'. 'laqohu' is the verb 'they took' (from l-k-h). The phrase enumerates the items taken.
[GEN.34.29] and all their army and all their offspring and their women returned and they humbled and all that was in the house. [§]
ve-et kol chelam ve-et kol tappam ve-et neshehem shavu vayabozu ve-et kol asher ba-bayit.
've-et' means 'and' (the conjunction plus the direct‑object marker), 'kol' means 'all', 'chelam' means 'their army' or 'their host', 'tappam' means 'their offspring' or 'their young', 'neshehem' means 'their women', 'shavu' means 'they returned', 'vayabozu' means 'they humbled' (or 'they despised'), 'asher' means 'that which', 'ba-bayit' means 'in the house'.
[GEN.34.30] And Jacob said to Simeon and to Levi, you have offended me, to bring me among the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanite and the Perizzite; and I am few in number, and they will be gathered against me and strike me and I will be destroyed, I and my household. [§]
Vayomer Yaakov el Shimon ve'el Levi acharatem oti lehabisheini beyoshev haaretz baCanaani uvaPerizi vaani mte mispar veneesfu alai vehikuni venishmadti ani uveiti.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'el' means 'to', 'Shimon' means 'Simeon', 've' means 'and', 'el' means 'to', 'Levi' means 'Levi', 'acharatem' means 'you have offended', 'oti' means 'me', 'lehabisheini' means 'to bring me' (or 'to make a charge against me'), 'beyoshgev' means 'among the inhabitants', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'baCanaani' means 'the Canaanite', 'uvaPerizi' means 'and the Perizzite', 'vaani' means 'and I', 'mte' means 'few', 'mispar' means 'in number', 'veneesfu' means 'and they will be gathered', 'alai' means 'against me', 'vehikuni' means 'and they will strike me', 'venishmadti' means 'and I will be destroyed', 'ani' means 'I', 'uveiti' means 'and my household'.
[GEN.34.31] And they said, the (one) shall act upon our sister. [§]
Vayomeru hakzona ya'ase et achoteinu.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'hakzona' means 'the (title)', a rare or possibly corrupted term that likely denotes a person of authority such as a priestess or overseer, 'ya'ase' means 'shall do' or 'will act', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, and 'achoteinu' means 'our sister'.
GEN.35
[GEN.35.1] And the Gods said to Jacob, 'Rise, go up to the house of God and dwell there; and there make an altar for the God who appeared to you when you fled before Esau your brother.' [§]
Vayomer Elohim el-Yaakov kum aleh veit-El ve-shev sham va'aseh sham mizbeach la-El ha-nireh eilekha bevarchaka mipnei Esav achikha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'el-Yaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'kum' means 'rise', 'aleh' means 'go up', 'veit-El' means 'and the house of God' (El = God), 've-shev' means 'and dwell', 'sham' means 'there', 'va'aseh' means 'and make', 'mizbeach' means 'an altar', 'la-El' means 'to the God', 'ha-nireh' means 'who appeared', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'bevarchaka' means 'when you fled', 'mipnei' means 'before' or 'because of', 'Esav' means 'Esau', 'achikha' means 'your brother'. The divine names are rendered literally: 'Elohim' as 'the Gods' and 'El' as 'God'.
[GEN.35.2] Jacob said to his household and to all who were with him, Remove the foreign Gods from among you, purify yourselves, and change your garments. [§]
Vayomer Yaakov el-beit'o ve'el kol-asher imo, hasiru et-Elohei ha-nechar asher betochchem ve-hitaheru ve-hachlifu simlotachem.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'el-beit'o' means 'to his house', 've'el' means 'and to', 'kol-asher' means 'all who', 'imo' means 'were with him', 'hasiru' means 'remove', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'Elohei ha-nechar' means 'the Gods of the foreign' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods'), 'asher' means 'that/which', 'betochchem' means 'among you', 've-hitaheru' means 'and purify yourselves', 've-hachlifu' means 'and change', 'simlotachem' means 'your garments'.
[GEN.35.3] And we shall arise and go up to the house of God, and I will make there an altar for the God who answers me in the day of my distress, and He was with me on the road I walked. [§]
ve-nakuma ve-na'aleh beit-el ve-e'aseh-sham mizbeach la'El ha'oneh oti be-yom tzarati vayhi imadi ba-derech asher halakti.
've-nakuma' means 'and we shall arise', 've-na'aleh' means 'and we shall go up', 'beit-el' means 'house of God' (El = God), 've-e'aseh-sham' means 'and I will make there', 'mizbeach' means 'an altar', 'la'El' means 'to the God', 'ha'oneh' means 'who answers', 'oti' means 'me', 'be-yom' means 'in the day', 'tzarati' means 'of my distress', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'ba-derech' means 'on the road', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'halakti' means 'I walked'. The names of God are rendered literally: 'El' as 'God' and 'the God' as needed.
[GEN.35.4] And they gave to Jacob all the foreign Gods that were in their hand and the idols that were in their ears and Jacob buried them under the oak that was with Shechem. [§]
Vayittenu el-Yaakov et kol-elohei hanekhar asher be'yadam ve'et hanezameem asher be'aznehem vayitmon otam Yaakov tachat ha'ela asher im-shekhem.
'Vayittenu' means 'and they gave', 'el-Yaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'kol-elohei' means 'all the Gods', 'hanekhar' means 'the foreign', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'be'yadam' means 'in their hand', 've'et' means 'and', 'hanezameem' means 'the idols', 'asher' again 'that/which', 'be'aznehem' means 'in their ears', 'vayitmon' means 'and buried', 'otam' means 'them', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'tachat' means 'under', 'ha'ela' means 'the oak', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'im-shekhem' means 'with Shechem'.
[GEN.35.5] They traveled, and there was a border of the Gods over the cities that surrounded them, and they did not pursue after the sons of Jacob. [§]
vayissa'u vayhi chitat Elohim al he'arim asher sevivotehem ve'lo radfu acharei b'nei Yaakov.
'vayissa'u' means 'they traveled', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'chitat' means 'border' or 'limit', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'al' means 'over', 'he'arim' means 'the cities', 'asher' means 'that', 'sevivotehem' means 'surrounded them', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'radfu' means 'they pursued', 'acharei' means 'after', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob'.
[GEN.35.6] And Jacob came to Luzah which is in the land of Canaan; it is the house of God; and all the people that were with him. [§]
Vayavo Jacob Luzah asher be'eretz Kenaan hi beit-El hu vechol ha'am asher-immo.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'Jacob' is the name Jacob, 'Luzah' is the place name Luzah, 'asher' means 'which', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'Kenaan' is the name Canaan, 'hi' means 'it is', 'beit-El' means 'house of God' (El = God), 'hu' means 'he', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'asher-immo' means 'that were with him' (immo = with him).
[GEN.35.7] And he built there an altar and called the place God House‑God because there the Gods appeared to him when he fled before his brothers. [§]
Vayiven sham mizbeach vayikra lamakom El Beit-El ki sham niglu Elav haElohim bivarcho mipenei achiv.
'Vayiven' means 'and he built', 'sham' means 'there', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'lamakom' means 'the place', 'El' means 'God', 'Beit-El' means 'House‑God', 'ki' means 'because', 'niglu' means 'they appeared', 'Elav' means 'to him', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'bivarcho' means 'in his fleeing', 'mipenei' means 'before', 'achiv' means 'his brothers'. The name 'El' is rendered as 'God' and 'Elohim' as 'the Gods' following the literal translation guidelines.
[GEN.35.8] And Deborah died, the maidservant of Rebecca, and she was buried beneath the house of God, under the oak, and they called the place Oak‑Valley. [§]
va-tamat Deborah meineqet Rivkah va-tikaver mi-tachat lebeit El tachat haAllon va-yikra shmo Allon bakhut.
'va-tamat' means 'and she died', 'Deborah' is a proper name, 'meineqet' is read as a form of 'maiden' or 'servant', 'Rivkah' is the name Rebecca, 'va-tikaver' means 'and she was buried', 'mi-tachat' means 'from under' or 'beneath', 'lebeit El' means 'the house of God', 'tachat' means 'under', 'haAllon' means 'the oak', 'va-yikra' means 'and (they) called', 'shmo' means 'its name', 'Allon' means 'oak', 'bakhut' is a place‑name element meaning 'of the valley' or similar. The clause therefore describes Deborah’s death and burial location and the naming of that place.
[GEN.35.9] And the Gods appeared to Jacob again when he came from Padan Aram, and He blessed him. [§]
Vayera Elohim el-Yaakov od bevo'o mipaddan Aram vayvarekh oto.
'Vayera' means 'and appeared', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el' means 'to', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'od' means 'again', 'bevo'o' means 'when he came', 'mipaddan' means 'from Padan', 'Aram' is the region Aram, 'vayvarekh' means 'and blessed', 'oto' means 'him'.
[GEN.35.10] The Gods said to him, 'Your name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel shall be your name,' and He called his name Israel. [§]
Vayomer lo Elohim shm'kha Yaakov lo yikarei shm'kha od Yaakov ki im Yisrael yihyeh shemekha vayikra et shemo Yisrael.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'shm'kha' means 'your name', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'lo yikarei' means 'shall no longer be called', 'od' means 'again', 'ki' means 'but', 'im' means 'if' or 'that', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'shemekha' means 'your name', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'shemo' means 'his name', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[GEN.35.11] And the Gods said to him, I am God Shaddai, be fruitful and multiply; a nation and an assembly of nations will be from you, and kings from your descendants will arise. [§]
Vayomer lo Elohim ani El Shaddai pereh ureve goy ve-kehal goyim yihyeh mimekha u-melachim mechalatzeykha yeetzeu.
'Vayomer' means 'And (he) said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ani' means 'I', 'El' means 'God', 'Shaddai' is a divine title left as is, 'pereh' means 'be fruitful', 'ureve' means 'and multiply', 'goy' means 'nation', 've-kehal' means 'and the assembly', 'goyim' means 'of nations', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'mimekha' means 'from you', 'u-melachim' means 'and kings', 'mechalatzeykha' means 'from your descendants', 'yeetzeu' means 'will arise'.
[GEN.35.12] And the land which I gave to Abraham and Isaac for you I will give to your offspring after you, the land. [§]
ve'et haaretz asher natati leAbraam uleyitzchak lecha etnenah ulezarcha acharikha etten et haaretz
've'et' means 'and the', 'haaretz' means 'land', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'natati' means 'I gave', 'leAbraam' means 'to Abraham', 'uleyitzchak' means 'and to Isaac', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'etnenah' means 'I will give it', 'ulezarcha' means 'to your offspring', 'acharikha' means 'after you', 'etten' means 'I will give', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haaretz' means 'the land'.
[GEN.35.13] And the Gods went up from above him in the place which he spoke with him. [§]
Vaya'al me'alav Elohim ba-makom asher diber ito.
"Vaya'al" means "and he went up", "me'alav" means "from above him", "Elohim" means "the Gods", "ba-makom" means "in the place", "asher" means "which", "diber" means "spoke", "ito" means "with him".
[GEN.35.14] Jacob set up a pillar at the place where he had spoken with God, a stone pillar, and he poured a libation on it and poured oil on it. [§]
Vayatzeb Yaakov matzevah ba-makom asher-diber ito matzevet aven vayassek aleya nesekh vayitsok aleya shemen.
'Vayatzeb' means 'and he set up', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'matzevah' means 'a pillar', 'ba-makom' means 'in the place', 'asher-diber' means 'that (he) spoke', 'ito' means 'with him' (understood as God), 'matzevet' means 'a stone pillar', 'aven' means 'stone', 'vayassek' means 'and he poured', 'aleyah' means 'upon it', 'nesekh' means 'a libation offering', 'vayitsok' means 'and he poured', 'shemen' means 'oil'.
[GEN.35.15] And Jacob called the name of the place which the Gods spoke with him there, House of God. [§]
Vayikra Ya'akov et-shem ha-makom asher diber ito sham ha-Elohim beit-El.
'Vayikra' means 'And called', 'Ya'akov' means 'Jacob', 'et-shem' means 'the name (of)', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'ito' means 'with him', 'sham' means 'there', 'ha-Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'beit-El' means 'House of God' (the literal meaning of the place name Bethel).
[GEN.35.16] And they set out from the house of God, and again as the land grew old they came to Ephrath, and Rachel gave birth and named her child. [§]
Vayissa'u mi-beit El vayehi od kibarat ha'aretz lavoh Efratah vatelad Rachel vatekash belidta.
'Vayissa'u' means 'and they set out', 'mi-beit' means 'from the house', 'El' means 'God', 'vayehi od' means 'and it happened again', 'kibarat ha'aretz' means 'as the land grew old', 'lavoh' means 'to come', 'Efratah' is a place name (Ephrath), 'vateled' means 'and she gave birth', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'vatekash' means 'and she named', 'belidta' means 'her child'.
[GEN.35.17] And it happened in her labor, as she was giving birth, and the midwife said to her, 'Do not be afraid, for this also is your son.' [§]
Va-yehi be-hakshotah be-lidtah va-toamer lah ha-mayaledet al-tiri i ki gam zeh lakh ben.
'Va-yehi' means 'and it was', 'be-hakshotah' means 'in her labor', 'be-lidtah' means 'as she gave birth', 'va-toamer' means 'and she said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'ha-mayaledet' means 'the midwife', 'al-tiri i' means 'do not be afraid', 'ki' means 'because', 'gam' means 'also', 'zeh' means 'this', 'lakh' means 'to you', 'ben' means 'son'.
[GEN.35.18] And it happened when her soul went out, for she had died, and she called his name Ben-Oni, and his father called him Benjamin. [§]
Vayehi betse'et nafshah ki meta, ve-tikra shemo ben-oni, ve-aviv kara-lo Binyamin.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'betse'et' means 'when (the) going out', 'nafshah' means 'her soul', 'ki' means 'because', 'meta' means 'she died', 've-tikra' means 'and she called', 'shemo' means 'his name', 'ben-oni' means 'son of my sorrow', 've-aviv' means 'and his father', 'kara-lo' means 'called him', 'Binyamin' means 'Benjamin'.
[GEN.35.19] And Rachel died and she was buried on the way of Ephrath, which is the house of bread. [§]
vatamat Rahel vatikkaver bederekh Efratah hi beit lechem.
'vatamat' means 'and she died', 'Rahel' is the name Rachel, 'vatikkaver' means 'and she was buried', 'bederekh' means 'on the way', 'Efratah' is the place name Ephrath, 'hi' means 'which', 'beit' means 'house', 'lechem' means 'bread'.
[GEN.35.20] And Jacob set up a monument on her grave; it is the monument of Rachel's burial until today. [§]
Va-yatzev Yaakov matzevah al keburatah hi matzevet keburat Rachel ad hayom.
'Va-yatzev' means 'and he set/established', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'matzevah' means 'a monument' or 'standing stone', 'al' means 'on', 'keburatah' means 'her burial place' or 'her grave', 'hi' means 'it is', 'matzevet' means 'the standing stone' or 'the monument', 'keburat' means 'burial', 'Rachel' is the proper name Rachel, 'ad' means 'until', and 'hayom' means 'today' or 'the day'.
[GEN.35.21] And Israel set out his tents from Hehalah to Migdal Eder. [§]
Vayyissa Yisrael vayyet aholo mehalah leMigdal Eder.
'Vayyissa' means 'and he departed or set out', 'Yisrael' is the proper name Israel, 'vayyet' means 'and he turned or arranged', 'aholo' means 'his tent', 'mehalah' means 'from Hehalah (the previous encampment)', 'leMigdal' means 'to the tower of', and 'Eder' is the name meaning 'flock'.
[GEN.35.22] And it happened when Israel dwelt in that land, and Reuben went and lay with Bilhah, his father's concubine, and Israel heard; there were twelve sons of Jacob. [§]
Vayehi bishkon Yisrael ba'aretz hahiu vayelech Reuven vayishkav et Bilhah pilagesh aviv vayishma Yisrael po yehiu b'nei Yaakov shenayim asar.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'bishkon' means 'when dwelt', 'Yisrael' is the personal name Israel, 'ba'aretz' means 'in the land', 'hahiu' means 'that (specific) one', 'vayelech' means 'and went', 'Reuven' is the personal name Reuben, 'vayishkav' means 'and lay (with)', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'Bilhah' is the personal name Bilhah, 'pilagesh' means 'concubine', 'aviv' means 'of his father', 'vayishma' means 'and heard', 'po' means 'there', 'yehiu' means 'were', 'b'nei Yaakov' means 'the sons of Jacob', 'shenayim' means 'two', 'asar' means 'ten' giving the number twelve.
[GEN.35.23] The children of Leah, the firstborn of Jacob: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun. [§]
B'nei Leah bechor Ya'akov Reuven veShimon veLevi viYehudah veYissachar uZevulun.
'B'nei' means 'the children of', 'Leah' is a proper name, 'bechor' means 'the firstborn', 'Ya'akov' is a proper name meaning 'Jacob', 'Reuven' is a proper name, 'veShimon' means 'and Simeon', 'veLevi' means 'and Levi', 'viYehudah' means 'and Judah', 'veYissachar' means 'and Issachar', 'uZevulun' means 'and Zebulun'.
[GEN.35.24] the sons of Rachel, Joseph and Benjamin. [§]
B'nei Rachel Yosef uBinyam.
'B'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Rachel' is the proper name Rachel, 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'u' means 'and', 'Binyam' means 'Benjamin'.
[GEN.35.25] And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant, were Dan and Naphtali. [§]
Uveinei Bilhah shifchat Rachel Dan veNaptali.
'Uveinei' means 'and the sons of', 'Bilhah' is a proper name, 'shifchat' means 'maidservant', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'Dan' is a proper name meaning 'judge', 'veNaptali' means 'and Naphtali' (proper name meaning 'my struggle' or 'my fighting').
[GEN.35.26] And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's maid, Gad and Asher, these are the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Paddan-aram. [§]
Uve-nei Zilpah shifchat Leah Gad ve Asher eileh b'nei Yaakov asher yullad lo bePadann Aram.
'Uve-nei' means 'and the sons of', 'Zilpah' is a proper name, 'shifchat' means 'maid of', 'Leah' is a proper name, 'Gad' and 'Asher' are proper names, 'eileh' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Yaakov' is Jacob, 'asher' means 'who', 'yullad' means 'were born', 'lo' means 'to him', 'bePadann' means 'in Paddan', 'Aram' is Aram.
[GEN.35.27] And Jacob went to his father Isaac at Mamre, the city of the four, which is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac dwelt. [§]
Vayavo Yaakov el Yitzchak aviv Mamre qiryat ha'arba hi Hevron asher gar sham Avraham veyitzchak.
'Vayavo' means 'and he went/approached', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'el' means 'to', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'Mamre' is a place name, 'qiryat' means 'city of', 'ha'arba' means 'the four', 'hi' means 'it is', 'Hevron' means 'Hebron', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'gar' means 'dwelt/lived', 'sham' means 'there', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'veyitzchak' means 'and Isaac'.
[GEN.35.28] The days of Isaac were a hundred years and eighty years. [§]
vayyihu yeme Yitzchak me'et shanah ushemoneem shanah.
'vayyihu' means 'and were', 'yeme' means 'days of', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'me'et' means 'a hundred', 'shanah' means 'year', 'ushemoneem' means 'and eighty', the second 'shanah' again means 'years'.
[GEN.35.29] And Isaac expired, and died, and was gathered to his people, an old man and full of days; and Esau and Jacob his sons buried him. [§]
Vayyigve'a Yitzchak vayamat vayye'asef el-amav zaken usheva yamim vayik'veru oto Esav v'Yaakov banav.
'Vayyigve'a' means 'and he expired', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'vayye'asef' means 'and was gathered', 'el-amav' means 'to his people', 'zaken' means 'old', 'usheva yamim' means 'full of days', 'vayik'veru' means 'and they buried', 'oto' means 'him', 'Esav' means 'Esau', 'v'Yaakov' means 'and Jacob', 'banav' means 'his sons'.
GEN.36
[GEN.36.1] These are the generations of Esau, the Edomite. [§]
ve'eleh toldot esau hu edom.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'toldot' means 'generations' or 'offspring', 'esau' is the proper name Esau, 'hu' means 'he', 'edom' means 'Edom' (the name of the region or person, literally 'red').
[GEN.36.2] Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite. [§]
Esau lakach et-nashav mi-benot kena'an et-Adah bat-Elon ha-itti ve-et-Aholibamah bat-Anah bat-Tzivon ha-chivi.
'Esau' is the name of the person; 'lakach' means 'took'; 'et-nashav' means 'his wives'; 'mi-benot' means 'from the daughters of'; 'kena'an' means 'Canaan'; 'et-Adah' introduces the first wife named Adah; 'bat-Elon' means 'daughter of Elon'; 'ha-itti' means 'the Hittite'; 've-et-Aholibamah' means 'and (the) Aholibamah'; 'bat-Anah' means 'daughter of Anah'; 'bat-Tzivon' means 'daughter of Zibeon'; 'ha-chivi' means 'the Hivite'.
[GEN.36.3] And Basmath, daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebaioth. [§]
ve'et Basmath bat Yishmael achot Nevaiot.
've'et' means 'and (the)', 'Basmath' is a proper name, 'bat' means 'daughter of', 'Yishmael' means 'Ishmael', 'achot' means 'sister', 'Nevaiot' is the name 'Nebaioth'.
[GEN.36.4] And Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz, and Basemath bore Reuel. [§]
Vatelad Ada leEsav etElipaz uvasemat yaldah etReuel.
'Vatelad' means 'and bore', 'Ada' is the name Adah, 'leEsav' means 'to Esau', 'etElipaz' introduces the object Eliphaz, 'uvasemat' means 'and Basemath', 'yaldah' means 'bore', 'etReuel' introduces the object Reuel.
[GEN.36.5] And Aholibamah bore Yaish, and Yalam, and Korach; these are the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan. [§]
Ve aholivamah yalda et Yaish ve et Yalam ve et Korach eleh bnei Esau asher yuldu lo be eretz Canaan.
'Ve' means 'and', 'aholivamah' is a proper name (Aholibamah), 'yalda' means 'bore' or 'gave birth to', 'et' is the direct object marker (untranslated), 'Yaish' is a personal name, 've' means 'and', 'Yalam' is a personal name, 've' means 'and', 'Korach' is a personal name, 'eleh' means 'these', 'bnei' means 'sons of', 'Esau' is a personal name, 'asher' means 'who', 'yuldu' means 'were born', 'lo' means 'to him', 'be' is the preposition 'in', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Canaan' is a proper name.
[GEN.36.6] And Esau took his wives and his sons and his daughters and all the souls of his house, and his cattle and all his livestock, and all his goods which he had acquired in the land of Canaan; and he went toward the land because of Jacob his brother. [§]
vayikach esav et-nashav ve-et-banav ve-et-banotav ve-et-kol-napshot beito ve-et-miknehu ve-et-kol-behemtó ve-et-kol-kinyano asher rakash be-erets kenaan vayelekh el-erets mipnei yaakov achiv.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'esav' is the name Esau, 'et-nashav' means 'his wives', 've-et-banav' means 'and his sons', 've-et-banotav' means 'and his daughters', 've-et-kol-napshot beito' means 'and all the souls of his house', 've-et-miknehu' means 'and his cattle', 've-et-kol-behemtó' means 'and all his livestock', 've-et-kol-kinyano' means 'and all his goods', 'asher' means 'which', 'rakash' means 'he acquired', 'be-erets kenaan' means 'in the land of Canaan', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'el-erets' means 'to the land', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'achiv' means 'his brother'.
[GEN.36.7] Because their possessions were great, they sat together, and the land could not bear them because of their herds. [§]
ki hayah rekusham rav mishevet yachdav ve lo yakhla erets megureihem la'se'et otam mipnei miknehem
'ki' means 'because', 'hayah' means 'was', 'rekusham' means 'their possessions', 'rav' means 'great', 'mishevet' means 'sitting' or 'dwelling', 'yachdav' means 'together', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yakhla' means 'could bear' or 'could support', 'erets' means 'the land', 'megureihem' means 'their herds', 'la'se'et' means 'to carry' or 'to bear', 'otam' means 'them', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'miknehem' means 'their livestock'.
[GEN.36.8] And Esau lived in the hill of Seir; Esau is Edom. [§]
Vayyeshev Esav beHar Seir, Esav hu Edom.
'Vayyeshev' means 'and he settled' or 'and he lived', 'Esav' is the proper name Esau, 'beHar' means 'in the hill' (literally 'in the mountain'), 'Seir' is the name of the hill, 'hu' means 'he', and 'Edom' is the name meaning 'red' and also the name of the region.
[GEN.36.9] And these are the generations of Esau, the father of Edom, the hill of Seir. [§]
ve'eleh toldot Esau avi Edom behar Seir.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'toldot' means 'generations' or 'descendants', 'Esau' is a proper name, 'avi' is the construct form meaning 'father of', 'Edom' is the name of the nation/region, 'behar' means 'in the mountain' (or 'the hill'), and 'Seir' is a proper name of a region.
[GEN.36.10] These are the names of the children of Esau: God of fine gold, the son of Adah; wife of Esau; friend of God, the son of Basemath; wife of Esau. [§]
Eleh shemot b'nei-Esav Eliphaz ben-Adah eshet Esav Reuel ben-Basemat eshet Esav.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'shemot' means 'names', 'b'nei-Esav' means 'the children of Esau', 'Eliphaz' contains the divine element 'El' and is rendered literally as 'God of fine gold', 'ben-Adah' means 'son of Adah', 'eshet Esav' means 'wife of Esau', 'Reuel' ends with the divine element 'El' and is rendered literally as 'friend of God', 'ben-Basemat' means 'son of Basemath'.
[GEN.36.11] And the sons of God-pure of the south said, 'Look, you will touch and you will be seized.' [§]
Vay-yi-he-yu be-nei Eh-li-paz Tay-man O-mar Tze-vo Ve-ga-tam U-kenaz.
'Vay-yi-he-yu' means 'and they were' or 'and it happened'. 'be-nei' means 'sons of'. 'Eh-li-paz' is a proper name composed of 'Eh-li' (the divine element 'El' meaning 'God') and 'paz' meaning 'pure' or 'fine', so it is rendered as 'God-pure' (i.e., the name Elipaz). 'Tay-man' means 'south' (or 'right side'). 'O-mar' is the verb 'said' or 'uttered'. 'Tze-vo' is the imperative form of the root meaning 'look' or 'see'. 'Ve-ga-tam' is a conjunction 'and' plus the verb 'you will touch' (from the root *g\'a* 'to touch, strike'). 'U-kenaz' is a conjunction 'and' plus the verb 'you will be seized/taken' (from the root *k\'n\'az* 'to capture, to be hidden').
[GEN.36.12] And Timna was a concubine of Eliphaz son of Esau, and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek. These are the sons of Ada, Esau's wife. [§]
veTimna hayta pilegesh leEliphaz ben-Esav veTaled leEliphaz et-Amalek eleh b'nei Ada eshet Esav.
'veTimna' means 'and Timna', 'hayta' means 'was', 'pilegesh' means 'concubine', 'leEliphaz' means 'to Eliphaz', 'ben-Esav' means 'son of Esau', 'veTaled' means 'and she bore', 'et-Amalek' means 'Amalek', 'eleh' means 'these', 'b'nei Ada' means 'the sons of Ada', 'eshet Esav' means 'wife of Esau'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translation for God names is required.
[GEN.36.13] And these were the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizah; these were the sons of Basemath, Esau's wife. [§]
ve'eleh b'nei Reuel Nahath vazerach Shammah uMizah eleh hayu b'nei Basemath eshet Esau.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Reuel' is a proper name, 'Nahath' is a proper name, 'vazerach' means 'and Zerah', 'Shammah' is a proper name, 'uMizah' means 'and Mizah', 'eleh' means 'these', 'hayu' means 'were', 'b'nei' again means 'sons of', 'Basemath' is a proper name, 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Esau' is a proper name.
[GEN.36.14] Now these were the sons of Aholibamah, daughter of Anah, daughter of Tzivon, the wife of Esau, and she bore to Esau Jeush, Jaalam, and Korah. [§]
ve'ele hayu b'nei Aholibamah bat Anah bat Tziv'on eshet Esau vataled le'Esau et Ya'ish ve'et Ya'alam ve'et Korach.
've'ele' means 'and these', 'hayu' means 'were', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Aholibamah' is a proper name, 'bat' means 'daughter', 'Anah' is a proper name, second 'bat' again means 'daughter', 'Tziv'on' is a proper name, 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Esau' is a proper name, 'vataled' means 'and she bore', 'le'Esau' means 'to Esau', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (untranslated), 'Ya'ish' is a proper name (Jeush), 've'et' means 'and (the)', 'Ya'alam' is a proper name (Jaalam), another 've'et' means 'and (the)', 'Korach' is a proper name (Korah).
[GEN.36.15] These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau, the sons of Elipaz, the firstborn Esau, the chief of the South, the chief of the West, the chief of the North, the chief of Kenaz. [§]
Eleh aluffei b'nei Esav b'nei Elipaz bechor Esav aluf Teiman aluf Omer aluf Tzfon aluf Kenaz.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'aluffei' means 'chiefs of', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Esav' means 'Esau', 'Elipaz' is a proper name, 'bechor' means 'firstborn', 'aluf' means 'chief', 'Teiman' means 'the South', 'Omer' means 'the West', 'Tzfon' means 'the North', 'Kenaz' is a clan name.
[GEN.36.16] Chief Korah, chief Gatam, chief Amalek, these are the chiefs of Elipaz in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Ada. [§]
Aluf-Korach Aluf Gatam Aluf Amalek Eleh alufei Elipaz beEretz Edom Eleh bnei Ada.
'Aluf' means 'chief' or 'leader', 'Korach' is a personal name (Korah), 'Gatam' is a personal name, 'Amalek' is a personal name (Amalek), 'Eleh' means 'these', 'alufei' is the construct form meaning 'chiefs of', 'Elipaz' is a personal name, 'beEretz' means 'in the land of', 'Edom' is the name of a region, the second 'Eleh' again means 'these', 'bnei' means 'sons of', and 'Ada' is a personal name.
[GEN.36.17] These are the sons of Reuel, son of Esau: chief Nahat, chief Zerach, chief Shama, chief Mizah. These are the chiefs of Reuel in the land of Edom. These are the sons of Bashmat, the wife of Esau. [§]
Veelleh b'nei Reuel ben-Esau aluf Nahat aluf Zerach aluf Shama aluf Mizah; eelleh alufei Reuel be'eretz Edom; eelleh b'nei Bashmat eshet Esau.
'Veelleh' means 'and these'; 'b'nei' means 'sons of'; 'Reuel' is a personal name; 'ben-Esau' means 'son of Esau'; 'aluf' means 'chief' or 'leader'; 'Nahat', 'Zerach', 'Shama', 'Mizah' are proper names of the chiefs; 'eelleh' means 'these'; 'alufei' means 'chiefs of'; 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of'; 'Edom' is the name of the region; 'Bashmat' is a personal name; 'eshet' means 'wife of'; 'Esau' is a personal name.
[GEN.36.18] And these are the sons of Aholibamah, Esau's wife: Aluf, Jeush, Aluf, Yalam, Aluf, Korach. These are the Alufs of Aholibamah, daughter of Ana, Esau's wife. [§]
ve'eleh b'nei Aholibamah eshet Esau aluf ye'ush aluf ya'lam aluf korach eleh alufei Aholibamah bat-ana eshet Esau.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Aholibamah' is a proper name (wife of Esau), 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Esau' is the name of Esau, 'aluf' is a title or name meaning 'chief' or 'leader', 'ye'ush' is the personal name Jeush, 'ya'lam' is the personal name Yalam, 'korach' is the personal name Korach, 'eleh' means 'these', 'alufei' means 'the chiefs/Alufs of', 'bat-ana' means 'daughter of Ana', and the phrase repeats 'eshet Esau' meaning 'wife of Esau'.
[GEN.36.19] These are the sons of Esau and these are their chiefs; he is Edom. [§]
Eleh b'nei Esav ve'eleh aluphehem hu Edom.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Esav' is the personal name Esau, 've'eleh' means 'and these', 'aluphehem' means 'their chiefs' or 'their heads', 'hu' means 'he is' or 'it is', 'Edom' is the name Edom, referring to the nation descended from Esau.
[GEN.36.20] These are the sons of Seir the Horite who dwelt in the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zivon, and Ana. [§]
Eleh b'nei Seir haChori yosheve haaretz Lotan veshobal vetzivon va'ana.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Seir' is a proper name meaning 'goat' or the personal name Seir, 'haChori' means 'the Horite' (a people of the region), 'yosheve' means 'dwelling' or 'who dwelt', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'Lotan', 'Shobal', 'tzivon', and 'ana' are proper names of the individuals.
[GEN.36.21] Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan—these are the chiefs of the Horite, the sons of Seir, in the land of Edom. [§]
ve-dishon ve-ezer ve-dishan eleh alufei ha-chori b'nei se'ir be'eretz edom.
've-dishon' means 'and Dishon', a personal name; 've-ezer' means 'and Ezer', another name; 've-dishan' means 'and Dishan', a third name; 'eleh' means 'these'; 'alufei' means 'chiefs' or 'leaders'; 'ha-chori' means 'the Horite' (a people living in the region of Seir); 'b'nei' means 'the sons of'; 'se'ir' means 'Seir', a proper name; 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of'; 'edom' means 'Edom', a region south of the Dead Sea. The phrase therefore identifies three individuals as the chief leaders among the Horites, who are descendants of Seir, located in the country of Edom.
[GEN.36.22] The sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam, and Lotan's sister was Timna. [§]
Vayihyu b'nei Lotan Hori veHemam ve achot Lotan Timna.
'Vayihyu' means 'and they were', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Lotan' is a proper name, 'Hori' is a proper name, 'veHemam' means 'and Hemam', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'achot' means 'sister', 'Lotan' repeats the proper name, 'Timna' is a proper name.
[GEN.36.23] And these are the sons of Shobal: Alvan, Manahat, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam. [§]
Ve'eleh b'nei Shobal Alvan uManahat veEbal Shepho veOnam.
'Ve'eleh' means 'and these', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Shobal' is a proper name, 'Alvan' is a name, 'uManahat' means 'and Manahat', 'veEbal' means 'and Ebal', 'Shepho' is a name, 'veOnam' means 'and Onam'.
[GEN.36.24] And these are the sons of Zivon, Ayah and Anah; he is Anah, who found the waters in the desert while pasturing the donkeys for Zivon his father. [§]
ve'eleh b'nei-tzivon ve'ayah va'anah hu anah asher matza et-hayeymam ba-midbar bir'oto et-hachamorim le'tzivon aviv.
"ve'eleh" means "and these", "b'nei-tzivon" means "sons of Zivon", "ve'ayah" means "and Ayah", "va'anah" means "and Anah", "hu" means "he", "anah" (proper name) means "Anah", "asher" means "who", "matza" means "found", "et-hayeymam" means "the waters", "ba-midbar" means "in the desert", "bir'oto" means "while pasturing", "et-hachamorim" means "the donkeys", "le'tzivon" means "for Zivon", "aviv" means "his father".
[GEN.36.25] These are the children of Ana: Dishon and Aholibamah, the daughter of Ana. [§]
ve'elleh b'nei-ana Dishon ve'aholibamah bat-ana.
've'elleh' means 'and these' or 'these', 'b'nei-ana' means 'the sons (or children) of Ana', 'Dishon' is a proper name, 've'aholibamah' means 'and Aholibamah' (a proper name), 'bat-ana' means 'the daughter of Ana'.
[GEN.36.26] These are the sons of Dishan: Chemdan, Eshban, Yitran, and Kran. [§]
ve'eleh b'nei Dishan Chemdan veEshban veYitran uKran.
've'eleh' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Dishan' is a proper name kept as is, 'Chemdan' is the name of the first son, 'veEshban' means 'and Eshban', 'veYitran' means 'and Yitran', 'uKran' means 'and Kran'. The conjunction ו (ve) is rendered as 'and' before each following noun.
[GEN.36.27] These are the sons of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaan, and Akan. [§]
Eleh b'nei-Ezer Bilhan veZaan veAkan.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Ezer' is a proper name, 'Bilhan' is a proper name, 've' means 'and', 'Zaan' is a proper name, 've' again means 'and', 'Akan' is a proper name.
[GEN.36.28] These are the sons of Dishan, Utz and Aran. [§]
Eleh b'nei Dishan Utz vaAran.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Dishan' is a proper name, 'Utz' is a proper name, 'vaAran' means 'and Aran'.
[GEN.36.29] These are bundles of charcoal, a large bundle, a bundle of shoval, a bundle of tzivon, a bundle of ana. [§]
Eleh alufei hachori aluf lotan aluf shoval aluf tzivon aluf ana.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'alufei' is the construct form of 'aluf' meaning 'bundles of' or 'clusters of', 'hachori' means 'the charcoal', 'aluf' on its own can mean 'bundle' or 'group', 'lotan' means 'large' or 'great', 'shoval' is a proper name of a grain or plant, 'tzivon' is a type of plant or grain, and 'ana' is another kind of plant or grain. The verse lists several kinds of bundles, each identified by the type of material.
[GEN.36.30] Chief Dishon, chief Etzer, chief Dishan; these are the chiefs of the courtyard to their chiefs in the land of Seir. [§]
Aluf Dishon aluf Etzer aluf Dishan eileh alufei hachori lealufeihem be erets Seir.
'Aluf' means 'chief' or 'leader', 'Dishon' is a proper name (a town) meaning 'strong', 'Etzer' means 'strength' or 'help', 'Dishan' is a proper name (possibly a place) meaning 'east' or a variant of Dishon, 'eileh' means 'these', 'alufei' is the construct form meaning 'chiefs of', 'hachori' means 'the courtyard' or 'the enclosure', 'lealufeihem' means 'to their chiefs' (literally 'for the chiefs of them'), 'be' is the preposition 'in', 'erets' means 'land', and 'Seir' is a region name (the land of Seir, associated with Edom).
[GEN.36.31] And these are the kings who ruled in the land of Edom before the king of kings of the children of Israel. [§]
Ve'eleh ha-melachim asher mal'chu be'eretz Edom lifnei melekh-melekh livnei Yisrael.
'Ve'eleh' means 'and these', 'ha-melachim' means 'the kings', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'mal'chu' means 'ruled' or 'reigned', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Edom' is the proper name 'Edom', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'melekh-melekh' means 'king of kings', 'livnei' means 'of the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[GEN.36.32] And Bela son of Beor reigned over Edom, and the name of his city was Dinahabah. [§]
Vayimlokh beEdom Bela ben-Beor ve-shem iro Dinahabah.
Vayimlokh means 'and he reigned', beEdom means 'in Edom', Bela is a personal name, ben-Beor means 'son of Beor', ve-shem means 'and the name', iro means 'of his city', Dinahabah is the name of the city.
[GEN.36.33] And Bala died, and Yobab son of Zerah reigned in his place from the fortress. [§]
vayamat bala vayimlokh tachtiv yobab ben-zerach mibatzrah.
'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'bala' is a proper name (Bala), 'vayimlokh' means 'and he reigned', 'tachtiv' means 'in his place' or 'under him', 'yobab' is a proper name (Yobab), 'ben-zerach' means 'son of Zerah', 'mibatzrah' means 'from the fortress'.
[GEN.36.34] And Joab died, and under him ruled Chusham from the southern land. [§]
Vayamat Yobav vayimloch takhtav Chusham me'eretz ha-teimani.
'Vayamat' means 'and died', 'Yobav' is the personal name Joab, 'vayimloch' means 'and ruled', 'takhtav' means 'under him', 'Chusham' is a proper name (likely Cusham), 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'ha-teimani' means 'the southern' or 'the south'.
[GEN.36.35] And Husham died, and under him reigned Hadad son of Bedad, who smote Midian in the field of Moab; and the name of his city was Avith. [§]
vayamat husham vayimlokh tachtav hadad ben-bedad hamakke et-midyan bisdeh moab veshem iro avith.
'vayamat' means 'and died', 'husham' is the proper name Husham, 'vayimlokh' means 'and reigned', 'tachtav' means 'under him', 'hadad' is the proper name Hadad, 'ben-bedad' means 'son of Bedad', 'hamakke' means 'the smiter' or 'who smote', 'et-midyan' means 'Midian' (the people), 'bisdeh' means 'in the field of', 'moab' is the proper name Moab, 'veshem' means 'and the name', 'iro' means 'of his city', and 'avith' is the proper name Avith.
[GEN.36.36] Hadad died, and Samlah of Masreka reigned after him. [§]
vayyamat Hadad vayimlokh tachtav Samla mi-Masreka.
'vayyamat' means 'and died', 'Hadad' is a personal name, 'vayimlokh' means 'and reigned', 'tachtav' means 'in his place' or 'after him', 'Samla' is a personal name, 'mi-Masreka' means 'from Masreka' (a place).
[GEN.36.37] And Samlah died, and Saul reigned over his people from the river banks. [§]
Vayamat Samlah vayimlokh tachtav Shaul merchovot hanahar.
'Vayamat' means 'and died', 'Samlah' is a personal name, 'vayimlokh' means 'and he reigned', 'tachtav' means 'over his' (referring to his people or domain), 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'merchovot' means 'from the banks', 'hanahar' means 'the river'.
[GEN.36.38] And Saul died, and Baal Hanan son of Akbor reigned in his place. [§]
Vayamat Shaul vayimlokh tachtav Ba'al Hanan ben Akbor.
'Vayamat' means 'and died', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'vayimlokh' means 'and reigned', 'tachtav' means 'in his place' or 'under him', 'Ba'al' is a proper name (literally 'Lord'), 'Hanan' is a personal name meaning 'gracious', 'ben' means 'son of', and 'Akbor' is a proper name.
[GEN.36.39] And Baal Chanun son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned after him, and the name of his city was Pau, and the name of his wife was Makes‑good‑God, daughter of Matred, daughter of water of gold. [§]
Vayamat Baal Chanun ben Achbor vayimlokh tachtav Hadar veshem iro Pau veshem ishto Mehetavel bat Matred bat mei zahav.
'Vayamat' means 'and died', 'Baal' means 'owner' or 'lord', 'Chanun' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Achbor' is a personal name, 'vayimlokh' means 'and reigned', 'tachtav' means 'after him', 'Hadar' is a personal name, 'veshem' means 'and the name', 'iro' means 'his city', 'Pau' is the name of the city, 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'Mehetavel' is a compound name: 'Meheta' from the root meaning 'makes good' and 'El' which translates literally as 'God', so the name means 'Makes‑good‑God', 'bat' means 'daughter of', 'Matred' is a personal name, the second 'bat' again means 'daughter of', 'mei' means 'water of', and 'zahav' means 'gold'.
[GEN.36.40] And these are the names of the wives of Esau to their families to their places in their names; a wife is prevented, a wife Alvah, a wife shall give. [§]
Ve'eleh shemot alufei Esau lemisphchotam limkomotam bishemotam aluf timna aluf alvah aluf yetet.
'Ve'eleh' means 'and these', 'shemot' means 'names', 'alufei' means 'of the wives', 'Esau' is the proper name Esau, 'lemisphchotam' means 'to their families', 'limkomotam' means 'to their places', 'bishemotam' means 'in their names', 'aluf' means 'wife', 'timna' means 'is prevented' or 'shall be withheld', 'alvah' is a personal name Alvah, and the final 'aluf yetet' means 'wife shall give'.
[GEN.36.41] Thousand Aholibamah thousand god thousand Pinon. [§]
Aluf Aholibamah Aluf Elah Aluf Pinon.
'Aluf' means 'thousand' (it can also mean 'champion' in later usage), 'Aholibamah' is a proper personal name (a daughter of Anah in Genesis), 'Elah' is a generic term for 'god' and therefore is rendered as 'god', and 'Pinon' is a proper place name (a city). The verse strings together these words in a rhythmic pattern.
[GEN.36.42] Chief of treasure, chief of the south, chief of the stronghold. [§]
Aluf Kenaz Aluf Teiman Aluf Mivtzar.
'Aluf' means 'chief' or 'leader', 'Kenaz' means 'treasure' or 'store', 'Teiman' means 'the south' (or the region of Yemen), and 'Mivtzar' means 'stronghold' or 'fortress'. The phrase repeats 'Aluf' three times to denote three distinct leadership roles.
[GEN.36.43] Chief Magdiel, chief Iram, these are the chiefs of Edom for their dwellings in the land of their possession; he is Esau, father of Edom. [§]
Aluf Magdiel aluf Iram eleh alufei Edom lemoshvetam be'eretz achuzzatem hu Esau avi Edom.
'Aluf' means 'chief' or 'leader', 'Magdiel' is a proper name, 'Iram' is another proper name, 'eleh' means 'these', 'alufei' is the plural construct form 'chiefs of', 'Edom' is the nation descended from Esau, 'lemoshvetam' means 'for their dwellings', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'achuzzatem' means 'of their possession', 'hu' means 'he', 'Esau' is the name of the patriarch, 'avi' means 'father', and the final 'Edom' repeats the nation name.
GEN.37
[GEN.37.1] And Jacob dwelt in the land of his father's habitation, in the land of Canaan. [§]
Vayeishav Yaakov bearetz megurei aviv bearetz kenaan.
'Vayeishav' means 'and he dwelt/lived', 'Yaakov' is the personal name Jacob, 'bearetz' means 'in the land', 'megurei' means 'of the dwellings/inhabitations', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'bearetz' again means 'in the land', 'kenaan' is the name Canaan.
[GEN.37.2] These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph was a son of seventeen years. He was a shepherd of his brothers among the flock, and he was a youth of the sons of Bilhah and the sons of Zilpah, the wives of his father, and Joseph brought their evil report to their father. [§]
Eleh toldot Yaakov Yosef ben sheva-eshre shanah haya roeh et achav batzon vehu naar et bnei Bilhah ve et bnei Zilpah neshei aviv vayave Yosef et dibbatam raah el aviham.
'Eleh' means 'These', 'toldot' means 'generations' or 'offspring', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'ben' means 'son of', 'sheva-eshre' means 'seven-ten' i.e., seventeen, 'shanah' means 'years', 'haya' means 'was', 'roeh' means 'a shepherd', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'achav' means 'his brothers', 'batzon' means 'of the flock', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'naar' means 'a youth' or 'young man', 'bnei' means 'sons of', 'Bilhah' and 'Zilpah' are the names of Jacob's maidservants, 'neshei' means 'wives of', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayave' means 'and he brought', 'dibbatam' means 'their report', 'raah' means 'evil', 'el' means 'to', 'aviham' means 'their father'.
[GEN.37.3] And Israel loved Joseph more than his sons, because he was the son of his old age, and he made for him a coat of many colors. [§]
ve-yisrael ahav et-yosef mikol-banav ki ben-zekunim hu lo ve-asah lo ketonet passim.
've' means 'and', 'yisrael' is the proper name Israel, 'ahav' means 'loved', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'mikol' means 'more than', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'ki' means 'because', 'ben' means 'son', 'zekunim' means 'old age' or 'elderly', 'hu' means 'he', 'lo' means 'to him', 've' again means 'and', 'asah' means 'made', 'ketonet' means 'tunic' or 'coat', 'passim' means 'of many colors'.
[GEN.37.4] And his brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, and they hated him and could not speak peaceably to him. [§]
vayyir'u achav ki-oto ahav avihhem mikol achav vayis'ne'u oto velo yakhelu dabro leshalom.
'vayyir\'u' means 'and they saw', 'achav' means 'his brothers', 'ki-oto' means 'that he' or 'because of him', 'ahav' means 'loved', 'avihhem' means 'their father', 'mikol achav' means 'more than all his brothers', 'vayis\'ne\'u' means 'and they hated', 'oto' means 'him', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yakhelu' means 'they could', 'dabro' means 'speak', 'leshalom' means 'peace' (as in 'in peace' or 'peacefully').
[GEN.37.5] And Joseph dreamed a dream and told his brothers, and they added even more hatred toward him. [§]
vayachalom Yosef chalom vayaged le'echav vayosifu od s'no oto.
'vayachalom' means 'and he dreamed', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'chalom' means 'a dream', 'vayaged' means 'and he told', 'le'echav' means 'to his brothers', 'vayosifu' means 'and they added', 'od' means 'still' or 'more', 's'no' means 'hate', 'oto' means 'him'.
[GEN.37.6] And he said to them, "Listen, please, to this dream that I dreamed." [§]
Vayomer aleihem shim'u-na ha-chalom ha-zeh asher chalamti.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ALEIHEM' means 'to them', 'SHIMU-NA' means 'listen please' (literally 'hear, O you'), 'HA-CHALOM' means 'the dream', 'HA-ZEH' means 'this', 'ASHER' means 'that/which', 'CHALAMTI' means 'I dreamed'.
[GEN.37.7] And behold we are making the Gods in the field and behold my God rose and also stood and behold your Gods will be overthrown and they bowed down to my God. [§]
ve-hineh anachnu ma'alemim alummim be-tokh ha-sadeh ve-hineh kamah alummati ve-gam nitzavah ve-hineh tesubena alummoteichem va-tishtachavena la-alummati.
've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'ma'alemim' means 'are making', 'alummim' (from 'el') means 'the Gods' or 'idols', 'be-tokh' means 'in the midst of', 'ha-sadeh' means 'the field', 'kamah' means 'rose', 'alummati' means 'my God' (my deity), 've-gam' means 'and also', 'nitzavah' means 'stood', 'tesubena' means 'will be overthrown', 'alummoteichem' means 'your Gods', 'va-tishtachavena' means 'and they bowed down', 'la-alummati' means 'to my God'.
[GEN.37.8] His brothers said to him, 'Will you rule over us? If you will rule, you will rule over us,' and they added further hatred toward him because of his dreams and his words. [§]
Vayomru lo echav hamaloch timloch aleinu im mashol timshol banu vayosifu od s'no oto al chalomotav ve'al devorav.
'Vayomru' means 'they said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'hamaloch' means 'shall (you) rule', 'timloch' means 'you will rule', 'aleinu' means 'over us', 'im' means 'if', 'mashol' means 'he will rule', 'timshol' means 'you will rule', 'banu' means 'over us', 'vayosifu' means 'and they added', 'od' means 'still', 's'no' means 'hate', 'oto' means 'him', 'al' means 'because of', 'chalomotav' means 'his dreams', 've'al' means 'and because of', 'devorav' means 'his words'.
[GEN.37.9] And he dreamed another dream, and told it to his brothers, and said, Behold, I dreamed a dream again, and behold the sun and the moon and eleven stars were bowing down to me. [§]
va-yachalom od chalom acher ve-yasaper oto le-echav va-yoamer hineh chalamti chalom od ve-hineh ha-shemesh ve-ha-yareach ve-achad asar kokhavim mishtachavim li.
'va-yachalom' means 'and he dreamed', 'od' means 'again', 'chalom' means 'dream', 'acher' means 'another', 've-yasaper' means 'and he told', 'oto' means 'it', 'le-echav' means 'to his brothers', 'va-yoamer' means 'and he said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'chalamti' means 'I dreamed', 'chalom' means 'dream', 'od' means 'again', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'ha-shemesh' means 'the sun', 've-ha-yareach' means 'and the moon', 've-achad' means 'and one', 'asar' means 'ten' (together meaning 'eleven'), 'kokhavim' means 'stars', 'mishtachavim' means 'bowing down', 'li' means 'to me'.
[GEN.37.10] He told it to his father and to his brothers, and his father grew angry with him, and said to him, 'What is this dream that you have dreamed? Shall I, your mother, and your brothers bow down to you, the whole earth?' [§]
vayesaper el-aviv ve'el-echav vayigar-bo aviv vayoamer lo mah hachalom hazeh asher chalamta havo nabo ani ve'imkha ve'achekha le'hishtachavot lekha eretzah.
'vayesaper' means 'and he told', 'el-aviv' means 'to his father', 've'el-echav' means 'and to his brothers', 'vayigar-bo' means 'and his father was angry with him', 'aviv' repeats 'his father', 'vayoamer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'mah' means 'what', 'hachalom' means 'the dream', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'chalamta' means 'you dreamed', 'havo' means 'shall we', 'nabo' means 'become a prophet' (here rendered as 'become a seer'), 'ani' means 'I', 've'imkha' means 'and your mother', 've'achekha' means 'and your brothers', 'le'hishtachavot' means 'to bow down/worship', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'eretzah' means 'the earth' (used idiomatically for 'the whole world'). No divine names appear, so no special name translations are needed.
[GEN.37.11] And his brothers were jealous of him, and his father kept the matter. [§]
Vayekano'u-bo echav ve'aviv shamar et-hadavar.
'Vayekano'u' means 'and (they) were jealous', 'bo' is the suffix meaning 'of him', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 've'aviv' means 'and his father', 'shamar' means 'kept' or 'guarded', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hadavar' means 'the matter' or 'the word'.
[GEN.37.12] And his brothers went to tend the flock of their father in the early morning. [§]
Vayelchu achav lir'ot et tzon avihem bishkem.
'Vayelchu' means 'and they went', 'achav' means 'his brothers', 'lir'ot' means 'to tend' or 'to shepherd', 'et' is a direct‑object marker often left untranslated, 'tzon' means 'flock', 'avihem' means 'their father', and 'bishkem' means 'in the early morning' or 'at daybreak'.
[GEN.37.13] And Israel said to Joseph, 'Are not your brothers pasturing the flock? Go, and I will send you to them.' And he said to him, 'Here I am.' [§]
Vayomer Yisrael el‑Yosef halo achikha ro'im bishkem lecha ve'eshlachacha aleihem vayomer lo hineni.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yisrael' is the name Israel, 'el‑Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'halo' means 'are not', 'achikha' means 'your brothers', 'ro'im' means 'pasturing', 'bishkem' means 'the flock', 'lecha' means 'go', 've'eshlachacha' means 'and I will send you', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'hineni' means 'here I am'.
[GEN.37.14] And he said to him, "Go now, see the peace of your brothers and the peace of the flock, and bring me word." He sent him from the valley of Hebron, and he came to Shechem. [§]
vayomer lo lek na reeh et shlom achicha ve et shlom hatson vahashiveni dabar vayishlachohu meemeq chevron vayavo shekema
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'lek' means 'go', 'na' is an urging particle meaning 'now', 'reeh' means 'see', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shlom' means 'peace', 'achicha' means 'your brothers', 've' means 'and', 'et' again the object marker, 'shlom' again 'peace', 'hatson' means 'the flock', 'vahashiveni' means 'and bring me', 'dabar' means 'a word' or 'news', 'vayishlachohu' means 'and he sent him', 'meemeq' means 'from the valley', 'chevron' is the place name 'Hebron', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'shekema' is the place name 'Shechem'.
[GEN.37.15] And a man found him, and behold, he was wandering in the field; and the man asked him, "What are you seeking?". [§]
Vayimtza'ehu ish ve-hineh toeh ba-sade vayish'alehu ha-ish lemor mah-tevakesh?
"Vayimtza'ehu" means "and he found him", "ish" means "a man", "ve-hineh" means "and behold", "toeh" (or "toeh") means "wandering" or "going astray", "ba-sade" means "in the field", "vayish'alehu" means "and he asked him", "ha-ish" means "the man", "lemor" means "saying" or "to say", "mah-tevakesh" means "what are you seeking" or "what are you looking for".
[GEN.37.16] And he said, My brother, I am seeking, please tell me where they are grazing. [§]
Vayomer et-achai anochi mebakesh hagida-na li eifo hem ro'im.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'et-achai' means 'my brother' (et is the direct object marker and achai is 'my brother'), 'anochi' means 'I', 'mebakesh' means 'I am seeking' or 'I am looking for', 'hagida-na' means 'please tell' (the imperative of tell with the enclitic 'na' meaning 'please'), 'li' means 'to me', 'eifo' means 'where', 'hem' means 'they', 'ro'im' means 'they are grazing/shepherding' (the verb roah in the plural masculine imperfect form).
[GEN.37.17] And the man said, Travel from here, because I have heard them say, Let us go to Dothan, and Joseph went after his brothers, and he found them in Dothan. [§]
Vayomer haish nasu mizzeh ki shamati omrim nelekha Dotaynah vayelekh Yosef achar echav vayimtzaem beDotan.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'haish' means 'the man', 'nasu' means 'go', 'mizzeh' means 'from here', 'ki' means 'because', 'shamati' means 'I have heard', 'omrim' means 'they say', 'nelekha' means 'let us go', 'Dotaynah' is the place name Dothan, 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'achar' means 'after', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'vayimtzaem' means 'and he found them', 'beDotan' means 'in Dothan'.
[GEN.37.18] And they saw him from a distance, and before he drew near to them they conspired against him to kill him. [§]
Vayyir'u oto merachok uverterem yikrav aleihem vayitnaklu oto lahamito.
'Vayyir'u' means 'and they saw', 'oto' means 'him', 'merachok' means 'from a distance', 'uverterem' means 'before', 'yikrav' means 'he draws near', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'vayitnaklu' means 'they conspired', 'oto' again means 'him', 'lahamito' means 'to kill him'.
[GEN.37.19] And a man said to his brother, Behold, the master of these dreams has come. [§]
Vayomru ish el-achiv hineh ba'al hachalomot ha-lazeh ba.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'ish' means 'a man', 'el-achiv' means 'to his brother', 'hineh' means 'behold' or 'look', 'ba'al' means 'owner' or 'master', 'hachalomot' means 'the dreams', 'ha-lazeh' means 'these', 'ba' means 'has come'.
[GEN.37.20] And now go and we will kill him and throw him into one of the pits and we will say a foul beast has devoured him and we will see what his dreams will become. [§]
veatah lechu venahargehu venashlikhu beachad haborot veamarnu chaya raah achalathu venireh ma yihyu chalomotav.
'veatah' means 'and now', 'lechu' means 'go', 'venahargehu' means 'and we will kill him', 'venashlikhu' means 'and we will throw him', 'beachad' means 'into one', 'haborot' means 'of the pits', 'veamarnu' means 'and we will say', 'chaya' means 'a beast', 'raah' means 'foul' or 'evil', 'achalathu' means 'has devoured him', 'venireh' means 'and we will see', 'ma' means 'what', 'yihyu' means 'will become', 'chalomotav' means 'his dreams'.
[GEN.37.21] And Reuben heard, and he rescued him from their hands and said, 'Let us not kill him.' [§]
Vayishma Reuven vayatzilehu miyadam vayomer lo naknu napesh.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Reuven' is the proper name of the first son of Jacob, 'vayatzilehu' means 'and he rescued him', 'miyadam' means 'from their hand(s)', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'naknu' (from the root 'khan') means 'let us put to death' or 'we shall kill', 'napesh' means 'life' or 'the person'. The phrase 'lo naknu napesh' therefore expresses the idea 'let us not kill him' or 'let us not put him to death'.
[GEN.37.22] And he said to them, Reuben, do not pour out blood; cast him into this pit that is in the wilderness, and do not send your hand into it, so that you may rescue him from their hand and return him to his father. [§]
Vayomer alehem Reuven al-tishpechu dam hashlichu oto el habor hazeh asher ba-midbar veyad al-tishlachu bo lema'an hatzil oto mi-yadam lahashivo el aviv.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Reuven' is a proper name, 'al-tishpechu' means 'do not pour out', 'dam' means 'blood', 'hashlichu' means 'cast', 'oto' means 'him', 'el' means 'to', 'habor' means 'the pit', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'veyad' means 'and hand', 'al-tishlachu' means 'do not send', 'bo' means 'into it', 'lema'an' means 'for the purpose of', 'hatzil' means 'to rescue', 'mi-yadam' means 'from their hand', 'lahashivo' means 'to return', 'el' means 'to', 'aviv' means 'his father'.
[GEN.37.23] And it happened as Joseph came to his brothers, and they seized Joseph, his coat, the coat of many colors that was on him. [§]
vayehi kaasher ba Yosef el echav vayafshitu et Yosef et kuttanto et ketonet ha-passim asher alav.
'vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kaasher' means 'as when', 'ba' means 'came', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'el' means 'to', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'vayafshitu' means 'they seized', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Yosef' again means 'Joseph', 'kuttanto' means 'his coat', 'ketonet' means 'coat' or 'tunic', 'ha-passim' means 'the fine linen' or 'the many-colored', 'asher' means 'that', 'alav' means 'was on him'.
[GEN.37.24] And they took him and cast him into the pit, and the pit was empty; there was no water in it. [§]
Vayikachuhu vayashlikhu oto haborah vehabor rek ein bo mayim.
'Vayikachuhu' means 'and they took him', 'vayashlikhu' means 'and they cast him', 'oto' means 'him', 'haborah' means 'the pit', 'vehabor' means 'and the pit', 'rek' means 'empty', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'bo' means 'in it', 'mayim' means 'water'.
[GEN.37.25] And they sat to eat bread, and they lifted up their eyes and saw, and behold, the caravan of Ishmaelites came from Gilgal, and their camels were carrying spice and barley and frankincense, going to bring down Egypt. [§]
Vayeshu leekhal lechem vayisa'u enehhem vayiru vehineh orchat Yishmaelim ba'ah migila'ad ugemallehem nos'im nechoat u tzri v'lot holchim lehorid Mitzrayma.
'Vayeshu' means 'and they sat', 'leekhal lechem' means 'to eat bread', 'vayisa'u' means 'and they lifted', 'enehhem' means 'their eyes', 'vayiru' means 'and they saw', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'orchat Yishmaelim' means 'the caravan of Ishmaelites', 'ba'ah' means 'came', 'migila'ad' means 'from Gilgal', 'ugemallehem' means 'and their camels', 'nos'im' means 'carrying', 'nechoat' means 'spice', 'u tzri' means 'and barley', 'v'lot' means 'and frankincense', 'holchim' means 'going', 'lehorid' means 'to bring down', 'Mitzrayma' means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.37.26] And Judah said to his brothers, 'What is the business that we should kill our brother and cover his blood?' [§]
Vayomer Yehudah el achav mah be-tza ki naharog et achinu ve-kissinu et damo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'el' means 'to', 'achav' means 'his brothers', 'mah' means 'what', 'be-tza' means 'the business' or 'the matter', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'naharog' means 'we will kill', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no translation), 'achinu' means 'our brother', 've-kissinu' means 'and we will cover', 'damo' means 'his blood'.
[GEN.37.27] Go and we will sell him to the Ishmaelites and our hand should not be in it, for our brother in our flesh he, and his brothers heard. [§]
Lechu ve-nimkerenu la-Yishme'elim ve-yadeinu al-tehi-vo ki-achinu be-sarenu hu va-yishmeu echav.
'Lechu' means 'go', 've-nimkerenu' means 'and we will sell him', 'la-Yishme'elim' means 'to the Ishmaelites', 've-yadeinu' means 'and our hand', 'al-tehi-vo' means 'should not be in it', 'ki-achinu' means 'for our brother', 'be-sarenu' means 'in our flesh', 'hu' means 'he', 'va-yishmeu' means 'and they heard', 'echav' means 'his brothers'.
[GEN.37.28] And they passed men from Midian traveling, and they pulled and lifted Joseph out of the pit, and they sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver, and they brought Joseph to Egypt. [§]
vayya'avru anashim midyanim socharim vayimshchu vayya'alu et-Yosef min-habbor vayimkru et-Yosef layishmaelim be'esrim kasef vayaviu et-Yosef mitzrayma
"vayya'avru" means "they passed"; "anashim" means "men"; "midyanim" means "Midianites"; "socharim" means "travelers" or "merchants"; "vayimshchu" means "they pulled"; "vayya'alu" means "they lifted"; "et-Yosef" means "Joseph (direct object marker)"; "min-habbor" means "out of the pit"; "vayimkru" means "they sold"; "layishmaelim" means "to the Ishmaelites"; "be'esrim" means "for twenty"; "kasef" means "pieces of silver"; "vayaviu" means "they brought"; "mitzrayma" means "to Egypt".
[GEN.37.29] And Reuben returned to the pit, but Joseph was not in the pit; and he tore his clothing. [§]
Vayashav Reuven el-habor ve-hineh ein Yosef ba-bor vayikra et-begadav.
'Vayashav' means 'and he turned back' or 'and he returned'. 'Reuven' is the proper name of Jacob's son. 'el-habor' means 'to the pit' (literally 'to the well'). 've-hineh' means 'and behold' or 'and see'. 'ein' means 'there is not' or 'no'. 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph. 'ba-bor' means 'in the pit'. 'vayikra' means 'and he tore'. 'et' is the direct object marker. 'begadav' means 'his clothing' or 'his garments'.
[GEN.37.30] And he returned to his brothers and said, The boy is not; where, I have come. [§]
Vayyashav el-echav vayomer hayyeled eynenu va'ani ana ani-va.
'Vayyashav' means 'and he returned', 'el' means 'to', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hayyeled' means 'the boy', 'eynenu' means 'is not', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'ana' means 'where/indeed', 'ani-va' means 'I have come'.
[GEN.37.31] And they took Joseph's coat, slaughtered a goat kid, and dipped the coat in blood. [§]
vayikchu et-ketonet yosef vayishchetu seir izzim vayitbilu et-hakotonet badam.
'vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'ketonet' means 'coat', 'yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vayishchetu' means 'and they slaughtered', 'seir' means 'young goat' (kid), 'izzim' means 'goats' (female) used here as a single kid, 'vayitbilu' means 'and they dipped', another 'et' marks the object, 'hakotonet' means 'the coat', and 'badam' means 'in blood'.
[GEN.37.32] And they sent the tunic of the tassels and brought it to their father and said, 'This is what we have found; please recognize the tunic as your son, if not.' [§]
Vayeshallechu et-ketonet ha-passim vayaviu el-avihem vayomeru zot matsanu hakkirna ha-ketonet bincha hi im lo.
'Vayeshallechu' means 'and they sent', 'et-ketonet' means 'the tunic', 'ha-passim' means 'of the tassels', 'vayaviu' means 'and they brought', 'el-avihem' means 'to their father', 'vayomeru' means 'they said', 'zot' means 'this', 'matsanu' means 'we have found', 'hakkirna' means 'please recognize', 'ha-ketonet' means 'the tunic', 'bincha' means 'your son', 'hi' means 'it is', 'im lo' means 'if not'.
[GEN.37.33] And he recognized and said, 'The tunic of my son, a living evil, he ate him; a plunderer, a plunderer, Joseph.' [§]
vayakkirah vayomer ketonet b'ni chaya ra'ah akhalatohu tarof toraf yosef
'vayakkirah' means 'and he recognized' or 'and he saw', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ketonet' means 'tunic' or 'robe', 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'chaya' means 'alive' or 'living', 'ra'ah' means 'evil' or 'bad', 'akhalatohu' means 'he ate him', 'tarof' means 'plunderer' or 'ravager', 'toraf' is a repeated form meaning 'plunderer' again, 'yosef' is a proper name meaning 'Joseph' (also 'he will add').
[GEN.37.34] Jacob tore his garments, put a sack on his hip, and mourned for his son many days. [§]
Vayikra' Ya'akov shimlotav vayasem sak be-matnav vayit'abel al-beno yamim rabbim.
'Vayikra'' means 'and he tore', 'Ya'akov' means 'Jacob', 'shimlotav' means 'his garments', 'vayasem' means 'and he put', 'sak' means 'a sack', 'be-matnav' means 'on his hip', 'vayit'abel' means 'and he mourned', 'al-beno' means 'for his son', 'yamim' means 'days', 'rabbim' means 'many'.
[GEN.37.35] All his sons and all his daughters rose to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted. He said, 'I will go down to my son, the grave of Sheol,' and his father wept over him. [§]
Vayaku mu kol-baniyv vechol-b'notav lenachamo vayme'an lehitnacham vayomer ki-ered el-beni avel sheolah vayevach oto aviv.
'Vayaku' means 'and they rose', 'mu' means 'all', 'kol-baniyv' means 'his sons', 'vechol-b'notav' means 'and all his daughters', 'lenachamo' means 'to comfort him', 'vayme'an' means 'and he refused', 'lehitnacham' means 'to be comforted', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ki-ered' means 'that I will go down', 'el-beni' means 'to my son', 'avel' means 'grave', 'sheolah' means 'Sheol (the realm of the dead)', 'vayevach' means 'and he wept', 'oto' means 'over him', 'aviv' means 'his father'.
[GEN.37.36] And the merchants sold him to Egypt to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, chief of the cooks. [§]
veha-medanim machru oto el-Mitzrayim lepotifar seris Paroh sar hattabbachim.
'veha' means 'and the', 'medanim' means 'merchants', 'machru' means 'sold', 'oto' means 'him', 'el-Mitzrayim' means 'to Egypt', 'lepotifar' means 'to Potiphar', 'seris' means 'an officer', 'Paroh' means 'of Pharaoh', 'sar' means 'chief', 'hattabbachim' means 'of the cooks'.
GEN.38
[GEN.38.1] And it came to pass at that time, Judah went down from his brothers and went to a man of Adullam, whose name was Hira. [§]
vayehi ba'et hahi vayered Yehudah me'et echav vayet ad ish adullami ushmo Chira.
'vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it came to pass', 'ba'et' means 'at the time', 'hahi' means 'that', forming the idiom 'at that time'. 'vayered' means 'and Judah went down', 'Yehudah' is the proper name Judah. 'me'et' means 'from among', 'echav' means 'his brothers' (his brethren). 'vayet' means 'and he went (to)', 'ad' means 'to' or 'until', 'ish' means 'a man', 'adullami' means 'of Adullam' (a place name), so together 'to a man of Adullam'. 'ushmo' means 'and his name', and 'Chira' is the proper name Hira. The verse thus narrates Judah's movement and encounter with Hira at Adullam.
[GEN.38.2] And Judah saw there a daughter of a Canaanite man, and her name was Shua, and he took her and went into her. [§]
Vayar-sham Yehuda bat ish kenaani ushmo Shua vayikacheha vayavo eleha.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'sham' means 'there', 'Yehuda' is the personal name 'Judah', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'ish' means 'man', 'kenaani' means 'Canaanite', 'ushmo' means 'and her name', 'Shua' is a proper name, 'vayikacheha' means 'and he took her', 'vayavo' means 'and he went', 'eleha' means 'to her' or 'into her'.
[GEN.38.3] And she became pregnant and bore a son, and called his name Er. [§]
Vatahar vateled ben vayikra et-shmo Er.
'Vatahar' means 'and she became pregnant', 'vateled' means 'and she bore', 'ben' means 'a son', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'et-shmo' means 'his name', 'Er' is a personal name.
[GEN.38.4] Again she became pregnant and gave birth to a son, and she named him Onan. [§]
Vatahar od vateled ben vatiqra et-shmo Onan.
'Vatahar' means 'again she became pregnant', 'od' means 'again', 'vateled' means 'and gave birth', 'ben' means 'son', 'vatiqra' means 'and she named', 'et-shmo' means 'his name', 'Onan' is the personal name of the child.
[GEN.38.5] And she again gave birth to a son, and she called his name Shela, and it will be false in her birthing of him. [§]
vatosef od vated ben vatikra et-shemo Shela vehayah bikziv belidtah oto.
'vatosef' means 'and she added', 'od' means 'again', 'vateled' means 'and she bore', 'ben' means 'a son', 'vatikra' means 'and she called', 'et-shemo' means 'his name', 'Shela' is the name given, 'vehayah' means 'and it will be', 'bikziv' means 'in falsehood', 'belidtah' means 'in her birthing', 'oto' means 'him'.
[GEN.38.6] And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn; her name was Tamar. [§]
Vayikach Yehudah ishah le'er bekhoro ushmatah Tamar.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Yehudah' is the personal name Judah, 'ishah' means 'a woman' or 'a wife', 'le'er' means 'for Er', 'bekhoro' means 'his firstborn', 'ushmah' means 'and her name', 'Tamar' is a proper name.
[GEN.38.7] And there was evil in the firstborn of Judah in the eyes of Yahveh, and Yahveh put him to death. [§]
Vayehi er bechor Yehudah ra be'enei Yahveh vayemitihu Yahveh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'er' means 'evil', 'bechor' means 'firstborn', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'ra' means 'bad' or 'evil', 'be'enei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the personal name of God, 'vayemitihu' means 'and He put him to death', the final 'Yahveh' again refers to God.
[GEN.38.8] And Judah said to Onan, Come to your brother's wife, impregnate her, and raise up offspring for your brother. [§]
Vayomer Yehudah leOnan bo el eshet achicha vayyabem otah vehakim zera leachicha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'leOnan' means 'to Onan', 'bo' means 'come', 'el' means 'to', 'eshet' means 'wife', 'achicha' means 'your brother', 'vayyabem' means 'and impregnate', 'otah' means 'her', 'vehakim' means 'and raise up', 'zera' means 'seed' or 'offspring', 'leachicha' means 'for your brother'.
[GEN.38.9] And Onan knew that there would be no seed for him, and it would be if he went to his brother's wife and would corrupt the land by not giving seed to his brother. [§]
Vayedah Onan ki lo lo yihye hazara veheyah im ba el eshet achiv veshichat aretzah levilti netan zerah leachiv.
'Vayedah' means 'and he knew', 'Onan' is a proper name, 'ki' means 'that', 'lo' (first) means 'not', 'lo' (second) means 'to him', 'yihye' means 'will be', 'hazara' means 'the seed', 'veheyah' means 'and it will be', 'im' means 'if', 'ba' means 'he goes', 'el' means 'to', 'eshet' means 'wife', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'veshichat' means 'and he will corrupt/spoil', 'aretzah' means 'the land', 'levilti' means 'without', 'netan' means 'giving', 'zerah' means 'seed', 'leachiv' means 'to his brother'.
[GEN.38.10] And it was evil in the eyes of Yahveh that he made, and he also killed him. [§]
Vayera be'enei Yahveh asher asa vayemet gam-oto.
'Vayera' means 'and it was evil', 'be'enei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'asa' means 'he made', 'vayemet' means 'and he killed', 'gam-oto' means 'also him' or 'also it'.
[GEN.38.11] And Judah said to his sister Tamar, 'Sit, widow, in the house of your father until my son Shelah grows up, for I said lest he die also as his brothers.' So Tamar went and lodged in her father's house. [§]
Vayomer Yehudah leTamar kalato shevi almanah beit-avich ad-yigdal Shelah beni ki amar pen-yamut gam-hu ke'echav vatelach Tamar vateshev beit-aviha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'leTamar' means 'to Tamar', 'kalato' means 'his sister', 'shevi' means 'sit', 'almanah' means 'widow', 'beit-avich' means 'the house of your father', 'ad' means 'until', 'yigdal' means 'will grow', 'Shelah' is a proper name, 'beni' means 'my son', 'ki' means 'for', 'amar' means 'he said', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yamut' means 'he die', 'gam' means 'also', 'hu' means 'he', 'ke'echav' means 'like his brothers', 'vatelach' means 'and Tamar went', 'vateshev' means 'and she lodged', 'beit-aviha' means 'the house of her father'.
[GEN.38.12] And the days increased, and Shua's daughter, Judah's wife, died; and Judah repented, and he went up upon the goads of his, and Hira his companion the Adullamite was diminished. [§]
vayirbu hayamim vatamat bat-Shua eshet-Yehudah vayinachem Yehudah vayya'al al gozzei tsono hu vechira re'ehu ha'adullami timnata.
'vayirbu' means 'and they increased', 'hayamim' means 'the days', 'vatamat' means 'and she died', 'bat-Shua' means 'daughter of Shua', 'eshet-Yehudah' means 'wife of Judah', 'vayinachem' means 'and he repented', 'Yehudah' is the personal name Judah, 'vayya'al' means 'and he went up', 'al' means 'upon', 'gozzei' means 'cutters' or 'goads', 'tsono' means 'of his', 'hu' means 'he', 'vechira' means 'and Hira', 're'ehu' means 'his companion', 'ha'adullami' means 'the Adullamite', 'timnata' means 'was diminished'.
[GEN.38.13] And it was reported to Tamar, saying, 'Behold, your brother is going up to Timnah to slaughter his flock.' [§]
Vayugad leTamar le'emor hineh chamikh ole timnah lagoz tzono.
'Vayugad' means 'and it was reported', 'leTamar' means 'to Tamar', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'chamikh' means 'your brother', 'ole' means 'going up', 'timnah' is the name of a place, 'lagoz' means 'to slaughter', 'tzono' means 'his flock'.
[GEN.38.14] And she removed the garments of her widowhood from over her and covered herself with a shawl, and she was embarrassed and sat at the entrance of the eyes which are on the way of her desire, because she saw that the shadow had grown, and it was not given to her as a woman. [§]
Vatasar bigdei almenuta me'aleha ve'techas ba'tzaif ve'titlaf ve'teshev bepetach einayim asher al derekh timnata ki ra'atah ki gadal shela v'hu lo nitenah lo le'isha.
'Vatasar' means 'and she removed', 'bigdei' means 'the garments of', 'almenuta' means 'her widowhood', 'me'aleha' means 'from over her', 've'techas' means 'and she covered', 'ba'tzaif' means 'with a shawl', 've'titlaf' means 'and she was embarrassed', 've'teshev' means 'and she sat', 'bepetach' means 'at the entrance of', 'einayim' means 'the eyes', 'asher' means 'which', 'al derekh' means 'on the way of', 'timnata' means 'her desire', 'ki' means 'because', 'ra'atah' means 'she saw', 'ki gadal' means 'that the shadow grew', 'shela' means 'of the shadow', 'v'hu' means 'and it', 'lo nitenah' means 'was not given', 'lo le'isha' means 'to a woman'.
[GEN.38.15] Judah saw her and thought her a whore because she covered her face. [§]
Vayyir'ehah Yehudah vayachshevehah lezonah ki kistah paneyha.
'Vayyir'ehah' means 'and he saw', referring to Judah seeing her; 'Yehudah' is the name 'Judah'; 'vayachshevehah' means 'and he considered' or 'thought' her; 'lezonah' means 'to be a whore' or 'a prostitute'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'kistah' means 'she covered'; 'paneyha' means 'her face'.
[GEN.38.16] And he turned to her on the road and said, "Please, I will come to you, for I do not know that she is his sister." And she said, "What will you give me, if you come to me?" [§]
Vayet aleha el-haderach vayomer haba-na avo eleich ki lo yada ki kallato hi, vataomer mah-titen-li ki tavo elai.
'Vayet' means 'and he turned' or 'pointed', 'aleha' means 'to her', 'el-haderach' means 'to the road', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'haba-na' means 'please give' (literally 'give now'), 'avo' means 'I will come', 'eleich' means 'to you (feminine)', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'lo yada' means 'he does not know', 'ki' again means 'that', 'kallato' means 'she is his sister', 'hi' means 'she', 'vataomer' means 'and she said', 'mah-titen-li' means 'what will you give to me', 'ki' means 'if', 'tavo' means 'you will come', 'elai' means 'to me'.
[GEN.38.17] And I said, I will send a young goat from the flock; and she said, If you give it at evening until I send you. [§]
Vayomer anochi ashallah gedi-izim min-hatzon vato'amer im-titen erevvan ad shalhecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'anochi' means 'I', 'ashallah' means 'I will send', 'gedi-izim' means 'young goat' (literally 'kid of goats'), 'min-hatzon' means 'from the flock', 'vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'im-titen' means 'if you give', 'erevvan' means 'evening' or 'nightfall', 'ad' means 'until', 'shalhecha' means 'I will send you' (literally 'to you I will send').
[GEN.38.18] And he said, "What is the bundle that I shall give you?" And she answered, "Your seal and your cord and your staff that are in your hand." He gave it to her, he went to her, and she conceived him. [§]
Vayomer ma haeravon asher eten-lach ve-tomer chotamkha u-petilekha u-matekha asher be-yadekha vayitten-lah vayavo elaha vatahar lo.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ma' means 'what', 'haeravon' means 'the bundle' or 'the pack', 'asher' means 'that', 'eten-lach' means 'I will give to you', 've-tomer' means 'and she said', 'chotamkha' means 'your seal', 'u-petilekha' means 'and your cord', 'u-matekha' means 'and your staff', 'asher' means 'that', 'be-yadekha' means 'in your hand', 'vayitten-lah' means 'and he gave it to her', 'vayavo' means 'and he went', 'elaha' means 'to her', 'vatahar' means 'and she conceived', 'lo' means 'him'.
[GEN.38.19] And she rose and she went and she removed her veil from upon her and she put on the garments of her widowhood. [§]
Vatakaam vatelech vatasar tzeifah me'aleiha vtilbash bigdei almenuta.
'Va' means 'and', 'takaam' means 'she rose', 'vatelech' means 'she went', 'vatasar' means 'and she removed', 'tzeifah' means 'her veil' or 'covering', 'me'aleiha' means 'from upon her', 'vtilbash' means 'and she put on', 'bigdei' means 'the garments of', 'almenuta' means 'her widowhood'.
[GEN.38.20] And Judah sent Geddi the kid of the goats in the hand of his companion the Adullamite to take the spoil from the woman's hand, and he did not find it. [§]
Vayishlach Yehudah et-Geddi ha-azim be-yad reEhu ha-adullami lakaChat ha-eravon mi-yad ha-isha ve-lo mtzaah.
'Vayishlach' means 'and sent', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Geddi' is a personal name meaning 'kid' or 'young goat', 'ha-azim' means 'the goats', 'be-yad' means 'in the hand of', 'reEhu' means 'his companion', 'ha-adullami' means 'the Adullamite', 'lakaChat' means 'to take' (the root 'kacha' meaning to seize or take), 'ha-eravon' means 'the spoil' or 'the plunder', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'ha-isha' means 'the woman', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'mtzaah' means 'found it'.
[GEN.38.21] And he asked the men of its place, saying, 'Where is the holy one? It is in the eyes upon the road.' And they replied, 'There was no holy one here.' [§]
Vayisha'al et-anshei mekoma le'amer aiyyeh haqdeshah hi ba'einayim al-hadarech vayomru lo hayetah bazeh kedeshah.
'Vayisha'al' means 'and he asked', 'et-anshei' means 'the men of', 'mekoma' means 'its place', 'le'amer' means 'to say', 'aiyyeh' means 'where', 'haqdeshah' means 'the holy one' (literally 'the holy [feminine]'), 'hi' means 'it/she', 'ba'einayim' means 'in the eyes', 'al-hadarech' means 'upon the road', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'lo' means 'not', 'hayetah' means 'was', 'bazeh' means 'here', 'kedeshah' means 'holiness' or 'a holy one' (noun). No divine names appear in this verse, so the special literal translations for God’s names are not used here.
[GEN.38.22] And he returned to Judah and said, "I did not find her; also the men of the place said, 'There was no sanctuary here.'" [§]
Vayashav el-Yehudah vayomer lo metzatiha vegam anshei hamakom amru lo-hayetah bazeh kedeshah.
'Vayashav' means 'and he returned', 'el-Yehudah' means 'to Judah', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'metzatiha' means 'I found her' (negative sense together with lo = 'I did not find her'), 'vegam' means 'also', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'hamakom' means 'the place', 'amru' means 'they said', 'lo-hayetah' means 'was not', 'bazeh' means 'in this' or 'here', 'kedeshah' means 'a sanctuary' or 'holy place'.
[GEN.38.23] And Judah said, "Take her, lest we become a ruin; behold, I have sent this donkey and you have not found it." [§]
Vayomer Yehuda tikach-la pen nihyeh lavuz hineh shalachti hagedi hazeh ve'atah lo metzatah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehuda' means 'Judah', 'tikach' means 'you will take', 'la' means 'her', 'pen' means 'lest', 'nihyeh' means 'we become', 'lavuz' means 'ruin' or 'spoiled', 'hineh' means 'behold' or 'here is', 'shalachti' means 'I have sent', 'hagedi' means 'the donkey', 'hazeh' means 'this', 've'atah' means 'and you', 'lo' means 'not', 'metzatah' means 'found it'.
[GEN.38.24] And it was after three months, and it was reported to Judah, saying, "Tamar has prostituted herself, your sister, and also behold, she is pregnant for harlotry." And Judah said, "Bring her out and burn her." [§]
Vayehi ke-mishlosh chodeshim vayugad liYehudah le'emor zaneta Tamar kallatekha vegam hineh hara liznunim vayomer Yehudah hotzi'ooha ve-tisaref.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'ke-mishlosh' means 'as three', 'chodeshim' means 'months', 'vayugad' means 'it was reported', 'liYehudah' means 'to Judah', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'zaneta' means 'has prostituted herself', 'Tamar' is a proper name, 'kallatekha' means 'your sister', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'hara' means 'pregnant', 'liznunim' means 'for harlotry', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'hotzi'ooha' means 'bring her out', 've-tisaref' means 'and burn her'.
[GEN.38.25] She went out and she sent to her mother, saying, 'To a man, who are these? I am pregnant.' And she said, 'Please recognize, whose are the seal, the cords, and the staff?'. [§]
Hi muTseit veHi shal'cha el-chamihah le'emor le'ish asher-elleh lo anochi hareh vaTomar hakernah lemi ha'khotem veha'ptilim veha'matteh ha'elleh.
'Hi' means 'she', 'muTseit' means 'went out', 'veHi' means 'and she', 'shal'cha' means 'sent', 'el-chamihah' means 'to her mother', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'le'ish' means 'to a man', 'asher-elleh' means 'who these', 'lo' means 'to him/for him', 'anochi' means 'I', 'hareh' means 'am pregnant', 'vaTomar' means 'and she said', 'hakernah' means 'recognize please', 'lemi' means 'whose', 'ha'khotem' means 'the seal', 'veha'ptilim' means 'and the cords', 'veha'matteh' means 'and the staff', 'ha'elleh' means 'these'.
[GEN.38.26] And Judah recognized and said, "Righteousness is from me, for that reason I have not given it to my son, and he will not add again to his knowledge." [§]
Va-yakker Yehudah va-yoamer tzadkah mimmeni ki al ken lo netatiyah le-shehlah b'ni ve-lo yasaf od le-daatah.
"Va-yakker" means "and recognized"; "Yehudah" is the personal name "Judah"; "va-yoamer" means "and said"; "tzadkah" means "righteousness (is)" or "justice"; "mimmeni" means "from me"; "ki al ken" means "for this reason" or "because of that"; "lo" means "not"; "netatiyah" means "I gave it/her" (negative attached gives "I have not given it"); "le-shehlah" means "to her" or "to a slave" (here taken as "to her"); "b'ni" means "my son"; "ve-lo" means "and not"; "yasaf" means "he will add"; "od" means "again"; "le-daatah" means "to his knowledge" or "to know".
[GEN.38.27] And it happened at the time of her giving birth, and behold, twins in her womb. [§]
Vayehi be'et lidatah vehineh te'omim bebitnah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'be'et' means 'at the time', 'lidatah' means 'of her giving birth', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'te'omim' means 'twins', 'bebitnah' means 'in her womb'.
[GEN.38.28] And it was when she gave birth, and she put (out) his hand, and the midwife took it and bound a band upon his hand to say, 'This is the firstborn.' [§]
vayehi belidtah vayiten-yad vatikach ha-myaledet vatiksor al-yado shani leemor ze yatza rishona.
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'belidtah' means 'when she gave birth', 'vayiten' means 'and (she) put', 'yad' means 'hand', 'vatikach' means 'and (the) midwife took', 'ha-myaledet' means 'the midwife', 'vatiksor' means 'and (she) bound', 'al-yado' means 'upon his hand', 'shani' means 'a band', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'ze' means 'this', 'yatza' means 'went out'/'came forth', 'rishona' means 'firstborn'.
[GEN.38.29] And it happened as he set his hand, and behold his brother went out, and she said, 'What have you broken upon you, Paretz?' And he called his name Paretz. [§]
vayhi kameshiv yado vehineh yatza achiv vatoamer mahparatzta alekha paretz vayikra shmo paretz.
'vayhi' means 'and it happened', 'kameshiv' means 'as (he) set', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'yatza' means 'went out', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'mahparatzta' means 'what have you broken', 'alekha' means 'upon you', 'paretz' is a personal name meaning 'splinter', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'paretz' repeats the name.
[GEN.38.30] And after his brother went out, the second one by his hand, he called his name Zarach. [§]
veachar yatza achiv asher al-yado hashani vayikra shmo zarach.
'veachar' means 'and after', 'yatza' means 'went out', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'al-yado' means 'by his hand', 'hashani' means 'the second', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'shmo' means 'his name', and 'zarach' is a proper name, rendered here as Zarach.
GEN.39
[GEN.39.1] And Joseph was brought down from Egypt, and Potiphar, chief officer of Pharaoh, chief of the cooks, an Egyptian man, bought him from the Ishmaelites who had brought him down there. [§]
veYosef horad mitzraymah vayik'nehu Potifar seris Paroh sar hatabbachim ish misri mi-yad hayishmaelim asher horiduhu shamma
'veYosef' means 'and Joseph', 'horad' means 'was brought down', 'mitzraymah' means 'from Egypt', 'vayik'nehu' means 'and he bought him', 'Potifar' is the proper name 'Potiphar', 'seris' means 'chief officer', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'sar' means 'chief', 'hatabbachim' means 'of the cooks', 'ish' means 'a man', 'misri' means 'Egyptian', 'mi-yad' means 'by the hand of', 'hayishmaelim' means 'the Ishmaelites', 'asher' means 'who', 'horiduhu' means 'brought him down', 'shamma' means 'there'.
[GEN.39.2] And Yahveh was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man, and he was in the house of his lord the Egyptian. [§]
Vayehi Yahveh et-Yosef vayehi ish matsliach vayehi bebeit adonav hamitsri.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and he was'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. 'et-Yosef' is the object marker 'et' attached to the name Joseph. The second 'vayehi' repeats 'and he was'. 'Ish' means 'man' or 'person'. 'Matsliach' means 'prosperous' or 'successful'. 'Bebeit' means 'in the house of'. 'Adonav' means 'his lord' (from 'Adon' = lord, with the possessive suffix). 'Hamitsri' means 'the Egyptian'.
[GEN.39.3] He saw his Lord, because Yahveh was with him, and everything that he does Yahveh makes prosper in his hand. [§]
vayar adonav ki Yahveh itto vechol asher hu oseh Yahveh matsliach beyado.
'vayar' means 'he saw', 'adonav' means 'his Lord' (Adonai = my Lord), 'ki' means 'because', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'itto' means 'with him', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'hu' means 'he', 'oseh' means 'does' or 'makes', 'matsliach' means 'makes succeed' or 'causes to prosper', 'beyado' means 'in his hand'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as Yahveh, and the title Adonai is rendered as Lord, here appearing as 'his Lord' because of the suffix.
[GEN.39.4] And Joseph found favor in his eyes, and he served him, and he placed him over his house, and gave him all that he owned into his hand. [§]
Vayimtsa Yosef chen be'eynav vayesharet oto vayapkiddehu al-beito vechol-yesh-lo natan beyado.
'Vayimtsa' means 'and he found', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'chen' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'be'eynav' means 'in his eyes', 'vayesharet' means 'and he served', 'oto' means 'him', 'vayapkiddehu' means 'and he placed him over his house', 'al-beito' means 'over his house', 'vechol-yesh-lo' means 'and all that he had', 'natan' means 'he gave', 'beyado' means 'into his hand'.
[GEN.39.5] And it was from the time that he entrusted him in his house and over all that he had, and Yahveh blessed the house of the Egyptian because of Joseph, and there was Yahveh's blessing in all that he had in the house and in the field. [§]
Vay'hi me'az hifkid oto be'veito ve'al kol asher yesh lo vayvarekh Yahveh et beit ha-mitzri biglal Yosef vay'hi birkat Yahveh bekol asher yesh lo ba-bayit uva'sade.
'Vay'hi' means 'and it was', 'me'az' means 'since', 'hifkid' means 'he entrusted', 'oto' means 'him', 'be'veito' means 'in his house', 've'al' means 'and over', 'kol asher' means 'all that', 'yesh lo' means 'he has', 'vayvarekh' means 'and blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et beit' is a grammatical marker for the direct object 'the house', 'ha-mitzri' means 'the Egyptian', 'biglal' means 'because of', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vay'hi' means 'and it was', 'birkat' means 'blessing of', 'Yahveh' again the literal name, 'bekol asher' means 'in all that', 'yesh lo' again 'he has', 'ba-bayit' means 'in the house', 'uva'sade' means 'and in the field'.
[GEN.39.6] And he left all that was his in the hand of Joseph, and he knew nothing of a great matter except the bread he ate, and Joseph was beautiful in appearance and handsome to look at. [§]
Vaya'azov kol-asher-lo be-yad-Yosef ve'lo-yada ito me'umah ki im ha-lechem asher-hu ochel vayhi Yosef yephah-ta'ar vi'feh mareh.
'Vaya'azov' means 'and he left', 'kol-asher-lo' means 'all that was his', 'be-yad-Yosef' means 'in the hand of Joseph', 've'lo-yada' means 'and he did not know', 'ito' means 'with him', 'me'umah' means 'a great matter' or 'something of great significance', 'ki im' means 'except' or 'but only', 'ha-lechem' means 'the bread', 'asher-hu' means 'that he', 'ochel' means 'eats', 'vayhi' means 'and it was' or 'and there was', 'Yosef' is a proper name, 'yephah-ta'ar' means 'beautiful in appearance', 'vi'feh' means 'and handsome', 'mareh' means 'to look at' or 'to see'.
[GEN.39.7] And it was after these words, and the wife of his Lord lifted her eyes toward Joseph, and she said, "Lie down with me." [§]
Vayehi achar haddevarim haelle vatis'sa eshet-adonav et-eineha el-yosef vat'omer shichvah immi.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'achar' means 'after', 'haddevarim' means 'the words', 'haelle' means 'these', 'vatis'sa' means 'and she lifted', 'eshet-adonav' means 'the wife of his Lord' (Adonai = my Lord, here with his possessive), 'et-eineha' means 'her eyes', 'el-yosef' means 'toward Joseph', 'vat'omer' means 'and she said', 'shichvah' means 'lie down', 'immi' means 'with me'.
[GEN.39.8] And he refused and said to the wife of his Lord, behold, my Lord does not know with me what of the house, and all that is his he gave in my hand. [§]
Vayma'en vayomer el-eshėt adonav hen adoni lo yada iti ma-babait vechol asher-yesh-lo natan be-yadi.
'Vayma'en' means 'and he refused', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el-eshėt' means 'to the wife', 'adonav' means 'of his Lord', 'hen' means 'behold', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada' means 'know', 'iti' means 'with me', 'ma-babait' means 'what of the house', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher-yesh-lo' means 'that is his', 'natan' means 'he gave', 'be-yadi' means 'in my hand'.
[GEN.39.9] It is not great in this house to me, and it has not become a disaster to me, except you in that which you are his wife, and how shall I do this great evil, and I have sinned against the Gods. [§]
Einennu gadol ba-bayit hazeh mimmeni ve-lo chasach mimmeni me'umah ki im otach ba-asher at ishto ve-eich e'ese har'ah ha-gedolah hazot ve-chata'ti le-Elohim.
'Einennu' means 'it is not', 'gadol' means 'great', 'ba-bayit' means 'in the house', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'mimmeni' means 'from me', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'chasach' means 'to become' or 'to grow', 'me'umah' means 'a disaster', 'ki im' means 'except', 'otach' means 'you', 'ba-asher' means 'in what/which', 'at' means 'you are', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 've-eich' means 'and how', 'e'ese' means 'shall I do', 'har'ah' means 'the evil', 'ha-gedolah' means 'the great', 'hazot' means 'this', 've-chata'ti' means 'and I have sinned', 'le-Elohim' means 'against the Gods'.
[GEN.39.10] And it happened as she spoke to Joseph day after day, and he did not listen to her to lie beside her, to be with her. [§]
Vayehi kedavrah el-Yosef yom yom velo shama eleha lishkav etzlah lihyot imah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kedavrah' means 'as she spoke', 'el-Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'yom yom' means 'day after day', 'velo' means 'and not', 'shama' means 'listen', 'eleha' means 'to her', 'lishkav' means 'to lie (with)', 'etzlah' means 'beside her', 'lihyot' means 'to be', 'imah' means 'with her'.
[GEN.39.11] And it was on this day that he came into the house to do his work, and there was no man among the men of the house there in the house. [§]
Vayhi kehayom hazeh vayavo habayitah la'asot melakhto ve'ein ish me'anashhei habayit sham babayit.
'Vayhi' means 'and it was'; 'kehayom' means 'as the day' or 'on the day'; 'hazeh' means 'this'; 'vayavo' means 'and he came'; 'habayitah' means 'the house' (feminine form); 'la'asot' means 'to do' or 'to perform'; 'melakhto' means 'his work' or 'his labor'; 've'ein' means 'and there was not' or 'and there was no'; 'ish' means 'man' or 'person'; 'me'anashhei' means 'from the men of'; 'habayit' means 'the house'; 'sham' means 'there'; 'babayit' means 'in the house'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special name translations are needed.
[GEN.39.12] And she seized him by his garment, saying, "Lie with me," and he left his garment in her hand, and he fled, and went out into the field. [§]
vattitpeshéhu b'vegdó le'emor shikhvá immi vayá'azov b'gdó b'yadah vayánás vayétsé hachutzá.
'vattitpeshéhu' means 'and she seized him', 'b'vegdó' means 'by his garment', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'shikhvá' means 'lie (down)', 'immi' means 'with me', 'vayá'azov' means 'and he left', 'b'gdó' means 'his garment', 'b'yadah' means 'in her hand', 'vayánás' means 'and he fled', 'vayétsé' means 'and he went out', 'hachutzá' means 'the field' or 'open country'.
[GEN.39.13] And it happened, when he saw her, that he left his garment in her hand, and he fled outside. [§]
Vayehi kiro'otah ki-azav bigdo beyadah vayanas hachutzah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kiro'otah' means 'when he saw her', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'azav' means 'he left', 'bigdo' means 'his garment', 'beyadah' means 'in her hand', 'vayanan' means 'and he fled', 'hachutzah' means 'outside' or 'the outside'.
[GEN.39.14] And she called the men of her house and said to them, 'Behold, bring us a Hebrew man to mock us; he came to me to lie with me, and I called with a loud voice.' [§]
va-tikra le-an-shei beita va-to-mer la-hem le-emor re'u hevi la-nu ish ivri le-tzachek ba-nu ba elai li-shkav imi va-eqra be-kol gadol.
'va-tikra' means 'and she called', 'le-an-shei' means 'to the men of', 'beita' means 'her house', 'va-to-mer' means 'and she said', 'la-hem' means 'to them', 'le-emor' means 'to say', 're\'u' means 'see' or 'behold', 'hevi' means 'bring', 'la-nu' means 'to us', 'ish' means 'a man', 'ivri' means 'a Hebrew', 'le-tzachek' means 'to mock', 'ba-nu' means 'us', 'ba' means 'came', 'elai' means 'to me', 'li-shkav' means 'to lie with', 'imi' means 'with me', 'va-eqra' means 'and I called', 'be-kol' means 'with a voice', 'gadol' means 'great' or 'loud'.
[GEN.39.15] And it happened when he heard, 'I will raise my voice and call,' and he left his cloak, my shadow, and fled, and went out into the open. [§]
Vayehi keshamo ki harimoti koli veker'a vayya'azov bigdo etzli vayanas vayye'tze hachutsa.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it happened'; 'keshamo' means 'when he heard'; 'ki' means 'that' or 'because'; 'harimoti' means 'I will raise' (first person future of 'raise'); 'koli' means 'my voice'; 'veker'a' means 'and I called'; 'vayya'azov' means 'and he left' or 'abandoned'; 'bigdo' means 'his cloak' or 'his garment'; 'etzli' means 'my shadow' (possessive form); 'vayanas' means 'and he fled'; 'vayye'tze' means 'and he went out'; 'hachutsa' means 'the outer' or 'the open place'.
[GEN.39.16] And she laid his garment beside it until my Lord came to his house. [§]
vattanach bigdo etzlah ad-vo adonav el-beitoh.
'vattanach' means 'and she laid', 'bigdo' means 'his garment', 'etzlah' means 'beside it', 'ad' means 'until', 'vo' means 'the coming', 'adonav' is the divine name Adonai and is rendered literally as 'my Lord', 'el' means 'to', 'beitoh' means 'his house'.
[GEN.39.17] And she spoke to him these words, saying, 'Come to me, the Hebrew servant whom you have brought for us to mock me.' [§]
vatedaber elav kaddevarim haelle le'emor ba'elai ha'eved ha'ivri asher hevita lanu letzachek bi.
'vatedaber' means 'and she spoke', 'elav' means 'to him', 'kaddevarim' means 'these words', 'haelle' means 'these', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ba'elai' means 'come to me', 'ha'eved' means 'the servant', 'ha'ivri' means 'the Hebrew', 'asher' means 'who', 'hevita' means 'you brought', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'letzachek' means 'to mock', 'bi' means 'me'.
[GEN.39.18] And it was like a burning of my voice, and I called, and he left his garment, my shadow, and he fled the outside. [§]
vayehi kaharimi koli vaekra vay'azov bigdo etzli vayyanas hachutzah.
'vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it happened', 'kaharimi' means 'like a burning' (from the root haram meaning 'to burn'), 'koli' means 'my voice', 'vaekra' means 'and I called', 'vay'azov' means 'and he left' or 'abandoned', 'bigdo' means 'his garment', 'etzli' means 'my shadow' (from etz, shadow), 'vayyanas' means 'and he fled', 'hachutzah' means 'the outside' or 'the outward place'.
[GEN.39.19] And it happened when his Lord heard the words of his wife, which she said to him, saying, 'These things you have done to me, my servant,' and his anger burned. [§]
Vayehi kishmoa adonav et-dibrei ishto asher dibra elav le'emor kad'varim ha'eleh asa li avdeka vayichar apo.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kishmoa' means 'when (he) heard', 'adonav' means 'his Lord' (Adonai = my Lord), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'dibrei' means 'words of', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'dibra' means 'she said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'kad'varim' means 'these things', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'asa' means 'you have done', 'li' means 'to me', 'avdeka' means 'my servant', 'vayichar' means 'and he became angry', 'apo' means 'his anger'.
[GEN.39.20] My Lord Joseph took him and gave him over to the house of the prison, a place that the king's prisoners were imprisoned, and there he was in the house of the prison. [§]
va-yikach Adonai Yosef oto va-yittenohu el-bet ha-sohar makom asher-asorei ha-melekh asurim va-yehi-sham be-bet ha-sohar.
'va-yikach' means 'and took', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'oto' means 'him', 'va-yittenohu' means 'and gave him over', 'el-bet ha-sohar' means 'to the house of the prison', 'makom' means 'place', 'asher' means 'that', 'asorei ha-melekh' means 'the king's prisoners', 'asurim' means 'imprisoned', 'va-yehi-sham' means 'and there was', 'be-bet ha-sohar' means 'in the house of the prison'.
[GEN.39.21] And Yahveh was with Joseph, and He showed him kindness, and He gave him favor in the eyes of the chief of the house. [§]
Vayehi Yahveh et-Yosef vayet elav chesed vayyiten chinno be'einei sar beit-ha-sohar.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH, 'et-Yosef' means 'with Joseph', 'vayet' means 'and He showed', 'elav' means 'to him', 'chesed' means 'kindness or loyal love', 'vayyiten' means 'and He gave', 'chinno' means 'favor or grace', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'sar' means 'chief or ruler', 'beit' means 'house', 'ha-sohar' means 'the sohar (chief steward)'.
[GEN.39.22] And he placed the commander of the prison house in Joseph’s hand, all the prisoners who were in the prison house, and also everyone who was acting there; he himself was the one acting. [§]
vayiten sar beit-hassoher be-yad-yosef et kol-haasirim asher bebeit hassoher ve'et kol-asher osim sham hu haya oseh.
'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'sar' means 'chief' or 'commander', 'beit-hassoher' means 'house of the prison', 'be-yad-yosef' means 'into the hand of Joseph', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (often untranslated), 'kol-haasirim' means 'all the prisoners', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'bebeit' means 'in the house', 'hassoher' repeats 'the prison', 've'et' means 'and the', 'kol-asher' means 'all who/that', 'osim' means 'are doing' or 'act', 'sham' means 'there', 'hu' means 'he', 'haya' means 'was', 'oseh' means 'doing' or 'acting'.
[GEN.39.23] There is no chief of the house of the secret who sees all mysteries in his hand, where Yahveh is with him, and whatever he does Yahveh makes succeed. [§]
Ein sar beit-hassoher ro'eh et kol me'umah beyado ba'asher Yahveh ito va'asher hu oseh Yahveh matslich.
'Ein' means 'there is no', 'sar' means 'chief' or 'ruler', 'beit-hassoher' means 'the house of the secret', 'ro'eh' means 'who sees', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'me'umah' means 'the hidden things' or 'mysteries', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'ba'asher' means 'in which' or 'where', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ito' means 'with him', 'va'asher' means 'and what' or 'and that which', 'hu' means 'he', 'oseh' means 'does' or 'makes', 'Yahveh' again, 'matslich' means 'makes succeed' or 'accomplishes'.
GEN.40
[GEN.40.1] And it happened after these things that they sinned: the drink of the king of Egypt and the baker to my Lord, to the king of Egypt. [§]
Vayehi achar hadvarim haeleh chateu mashke melek Mitzrayim vehaophe laadonehem lemelek Mitzrayim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was/happened', 'achar' means 'after', 'hadvarim' means 'the words' or 'the things', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'chateu' means 'they sinned', 'mashke' means 'drink' (as a noun), 'melek' means 'king', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vehaophe' means 'and the baker', 'laadonehem' means 'to my Lord' (Adonai is rendered as 'my Lord'), 'lemelek' means 'to the king', and the second 'Mitzrayim' again means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.40.2] And Pharaoh was angry with his two officers, the chief of the drinkers and the chief of the bakers. [§]
vayyiktzof Paroh al shnei sarisav al sar hamashkim ve'al sar haofim.
'vayyiktzof' means 'and he became angry', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'al' means 'against' or 'over', 'shnei' means 'two', 'sarisav' means 'his officers', 'sar' means 'chief', 'hamashkim' means 'the drinkers', 've'al' means 'and against', 'haofim' means 'the bakers'.
[GEN.40.3] And he gave them as the guard of the chief cooks' house to the house of the furnace, a place where Joseph was bound there. [§]
Vayiten otam be-mishmar beit sar ha-tabachim el-beit ha-sohar makom asher Yosef asur sham.
'Vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'otam' means 'them', 'be-mishmar' means 'in the watch' or 'as guard', 'beit' means 'house', 'sar' means 'chief' or 'prince', 'ha-tabachim' means 'the cooks', 'el-beit' means 'to the house', 'ha-sohar' means 'the furnace', 'makom' means 'place', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'asur' means 'was bound' or 'imprisoned', 'sham' means 'there'.
[GEN.40.4] And he ordered the chief of the bakers concerning Joseph with them, and he served them, and there were days in the watch. [§]
Vayifkod sar ha-tabachim et-Yosef itam vayesharet otam vayihyu yamim be-mishmar.
'Vayifkod' means 'and he ordered/appointed', 'sar ha-tabachim' means 'chief of the bakers', 'et-Yosef' marks the direct object Joseph, 'itam' means 'with them', 'vayesharet' means 'and he served', 'otam' means 'them', 'vayihyu' means 'and there were', 'yamim' means 'days', 'be-mishmar' means 'in the watch or guard'.
[GEN.40.5] And they each dreamed a dream of both of them: a man dreamed his dream in the night one, a man in a basket his dream, the drink and the loaf which are for the king of Egypt, who are prisoners in the house of the potter. [§]
Vayachlmu chalom sheneihem ish chalomo belaila echad ish kefitron chalomo hamashke vehaophe asher lemelech Mitzrayim asher asurim bebeit hassoher.
'Vayachlmu' means 'and they dreamed', 'chalom' means 'a dream', 'sheneihem' means 'their two' (both of them), 'ish' means 'a man', 'chalomo' means 'his dream', 'belaila' means 'in the night', 'echad' means 'one', 'kefitron' means 'in a basket', 'hamashke' means 'the drink', 'vehaophe' means 'and the loaf', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lemelech Mitzrayim' means 'for the king of Egypt', 'asurim' means 'prisoners', 'bebeit hassoher' means 'in the house of the potter'.
[GEN.40.6] And Joseph came to them in the morning, and he saw them, and behold they were angry. [§]
Vayyavo aleihem Yosef baboker vayyar otam vehinam zo'afim.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'otam' means 'them', 'vehinam' means 'and behold' (or 'they'), 'zo'afim' means 'were angry'.
[GEN.40.7] And he asked the officers of Pharaoh who were with him in the guard of the house of his Lord, saying: Why are your faces evil today. [§]
Vayisha al et serisei Paroh asher ito b'mishmar beit Adonav le'emor madua peneikhem ra'im hayom.
'Vayisha' means 'And he asked', 'al' means 'about', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'serisei' means 'the officers', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'with him', 'b'mishmar' means 'in the guard', 'beit' means 'house of', 'Adonav' means 'his Lord' (from Adonai = my Lord), 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'madua' means 'why', 'peneikhem' means 'your faces', 'ra'im' means 'evil', 'hayom' means 'today'.
[GEN.40.8] They said to him, 'We have dreamed a dream, and there is no interpreter of it.' And Joseph said to them, 'Is not the Gods the interpreter? Tell me the interpretation.' [§]
Vayom'ru elav chalom chalamnu ve-poter ein oto vayomer alehem Yosef halo le-Elohim pitron safru-na li.
'Vayom'ru' means 'and they said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'chalom' means 'a dream', 'chalamnu' means 'we dreamed', 've-poter' means 'and there is no interpreter', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'oto' means 'of it', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'halo' means 'is not', 'le-Elohim' means 'to the Gods' (where Elohim = the Gods), 'pitron' means 'interpretation', 'safru-na' means 'tell me', 'li' means 'to me'.
[GEN.40.9] And the chief of the winepresses told his dream to Joseph, and he said to him, "In my dream, behold, a vine before me." [§]
Vayesapper sar hamashkim et chalomo leYosef vayomer lo ba-chalomi vehineh geffen lefanai.
"Vayesapper" means "and he told", "sar" means "chief" or "officer", "ha-mashkim" means "of the winepresses", "et" is an accusative particle with no English equivalent, "chalomo" means "his dream", "leYosef" means "to Joseph", "vayomer" means "and he said", "lo" means "to him", "ba-chalomi" means "in my dream", "ve-hineh" means "and behold", "geffen" means "a vine", "lefanai" means "before me".
[GEN.40.10] And the vine had three clusters, and it was blooming, it rose wilted; they dried its bunches of grapes. [§]
uvegefen shlosha sarigim vehi keforachat alta nitzah hibshilu ashkeloteha anavim.
'uvegefen' means 'and the vine', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'sarigim' means 'clusters' or 'bunches', 'vehi' means 'and it', 'keforachat' means 'blooming' or 'in flower', 'alta' means 'went up' or 'rose', 'nitzah' means 'withered', 'hibshilu' means 'they dried', 'ashkeloteha' means 'its bunches' (lit. 'its clusters'), 'anavim' means 'grapes'.
[GEN.40.11] And a cup of Pharaoh in my hand, and I took the grapes, and I cut them into Pharaoh's cup, and I put the cup on the palm of Pharaoh. [§]
vechos par'oh beyadi va'ekach et-ha'anavim va'eschat otam el-kos par'oh va'aten et-hakos al kaf par'oh.
'vechos' means 'and cup', 'par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'beyadi' means 'in my hand', 'va'ekach' means 'and I take', 'et-ha'anavim' means 'the grapes', 'va'eschat' means 'and I cut', 'otam' means 'them', 'el-kos par'oh' means 'into Pharaoh's cup', 'va'aten' means 'and I put', 'et-hakos' means 'the cup', 'al kaf par'oh' means 'on the palm of Pharaoh'.
[GEN.40.12] And he said to him Joseph, This is my explanation: three measures, three days they are. [§]
Vayomer lo Yosef ze pitrono shloshet hashargim shloshet yamim hem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'ze' means 'this', 'pitrono' means 'my explanation', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'hashargim' is a noun meaning 'the measures' or 'the distances', 'shloshet' again means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'hem' means 'they are' (i.e., 'they amount to').
[GEN.40.13] Even after three days Pharaoh will lift your head and bring you back on your chin, and you will give Pharaoh's cup in his hand like the first judgment, which you were its drinker. [§]
Be'od shloshet yamim yisa Pharaoh et ro'shekha vahashivkha al kanekha venatata kos-Pharaoh be yado kamishpat ha'rishon asher hayita mashkehu.
'Be'od' means 'still' or 'even'; 'shloshet' means 'three'; 'yamim' means 'days'; 'yisa' means 'will lift' (future of 'to lift'); 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler; 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English); 'ro'shekha' means 'your head'; 'vahashivkha' means 'and will bring you back' or 'return you'; 'al' means 'upon' or 'on'; 'kanekha' means 'your chin'; 'venatata' means 'and you will give'; 'kos-Pharaoh' means 'Pharaoh's cup'; 'be yado' means 'in his hand'; 'kamishpat' means 'like the judgment'; 'ha'rishon' means 'the first'; 'asher' means 'that' or 'which'; 'hayita' means 'you were'; 'mashkehu' means 'its drinker' (one who drinks it).
[GEN.40.14] For if you will remember me with you as it will be good for you, and you will please show me kindness, and you will remember me to Pharaoh, and you will bring me out from this house. [§]
ki im zakartani itkha kaasher yitav lakh veasita na imadi chesed vehizkartani el Pharaoh vehotzetani min ha bayit hazeh
'ki' means 'for', 'im' means 'if', 'zakartani' means 'you remember me', 'itkha' means 'with you', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'yitav' means 'it will be good', 'lakh' means 'for you', 'veasita' means 'and you will do', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'please', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'chesed' means 'kindness', 'vehizkartani' means 'and you will remember me', 'el' means 'to', 'Pharaoh' is the name of the Egyptian king, 'vehotzetani' means 'and you will bring me out', 'min' means 'from', 'ha bayit' means 'the house', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[GEN.40.15] For I was stolen from the land of the Hebrews, and also here I have done nothing marvelous, because they have placed me in the pit. [§]
ki gunnob gunnavti me'eretz ha'ivrim ve'gam-po lo asiti me'umah ki-samu oti ba-bor.
'ki' means 'for', 'gunnob' means 'stolen' or 'robbed', 'gunnavti' means 'I was stolen', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'ha'ivrim' means 'the Hebrews', 've'gam-po' means 'and also here', 'lo' means 'not', 'asiti' means 'I did', 'me'umah' means 'a marvel' or 'wonder', 'ki-samu' means 'for they have placed', 'oti' means 'me', 'ba-bor' means 'in the pit'.
[GEN.40.16] And the chief of the officers saw that the weaving was good and said to Joseph, "I also, in my dream, behold three empty baskets upon my head." [§]
Vayyar sar haofim ki tov patar vayomer el Yosef af-ani bachalomi vehineh shlosha salei chori al roshi.
'Vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'sar haofim' means 'chief of the officers', 'ki' means 'that', 'tov' means 'good', 'patar' means 'the weaving' or 'the fine linen work', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'af-ani' means 'I also', 'bachalomi' means 'in my dream', 'vehineh' means 'behold', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'salei' means 'baskets', 'chori' means 'empty' or 'hollow', 'al roshi' means 'upon my head'.
[GEN.40.17] And on the high bread from all the food of Pharaoh, the work of his mouth, and the bird that eats them from the bread above my head. [§]
Uvas sal haelyon mikol maakal paroah maase ofeh vehaof okhel otam minhasal meal roshi.
'Uvas' means 'and on', 'sal' means 'bread', 'haelyon' means 'the high', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'maakal' means 'food', 'paroah' means 'Pharaoh', 'maase' means 'work' or 'deed', 'ofeh' means 'mouth', 'vehaof' means 'and the bird', 'okhel' means 'eats', 'otam' means 'them', 'minhasal' means 'from the bread', 'meal' means 'above' or 'from above', 'roshi' means 'my head'.
[GEN.40.18] And Joseph answered and said, This is his interpretation: three (of) the lean, three days they are. [§]
va-yan Yosef va-yoamer zeh pitrono shloshet ha-salim shloshet yamim hem.
'va-yan' means 'and answered', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'va-yoamer' means 'and said', 'zeh' means 'this', 'pitrono' means 'his interpretation', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'ha-salim' means 'the lean' (referring to the lean or famine period), 'shloshet' (second occurrence) means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'hem' means 'they are'.
[GEN.40.19] Even after three days Pharaoh will lift your head from above you, and will hang you on a tree, and the bird will eat your flesh from above you. [§]
Be'od shloshet yamim yisa Par'o et-ro'eshkha me'alekha ve'talah otkha al-etz ve'achal ha'of et-besar'kha me'alekha.
'Be'od' means 'still' or 'after', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'yisa' means 'will lift', 'Par'o' means 'Pharaoh', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ro'eshkha' means 'your head', 'me'alekha' means 'from above you', 've'talah' means 'and will hang', 'otkha' means 'you', 'al-etz' means 'on a tree', 've'achal' means 'and will eat', 'ha'of' means 'the bird', 'et-besar'kha' means 'your flesh', 'me'alekha' means 'from above you'.
[GEN.40.20] And it was on the third day, the day of Pharaoh's birth, that he made a feast for all his servants, and he raised the chief of the drinkers and the chief of the bakers among his servants. [§]
Vayhi bayom hashlishi yom hullet et-Pharaoh vayaas mishteh lechol-avadav vayisa et-rosh sar hamashkim ve-et-rosh sar haofim betoch avadav.
'Vayhi' means 'and it was', 'bayom' means 'in the day', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 'yom' means 'day', 'hullet' means 'of birth' (i.e., the day of birth), 'et-Pharaoh' means 'Pharaoh', 'vayaas' means 'and he made', 'mishteh' means 'a feast', 'lechol-avadav' means 'for all his servants', 'vayisa' means 'and he raised', 'et-rosh' means 'the head', 'sar' means 'chief', 'hamashkim' means 'of the drinkers', 've-et-rosh' means 'and the head', 'sar' means 'chief', 'haofim' means 'of the bakers', 'betoch' means 'among', 'avadav' means 'his servants'.
[GEN.40.21] And he set the chief of the drinkers over his drink, and he placed the cup on Pharaoh's palm. [§]
Vayashav et-sar ha-mashkim al mashkehu vayitten ha-kos al kaff Paroh.
"Vayashav" means "and he set/placed", "et" is a direct object marker, "sar" means "chief", "ha-mashkim" means "the drinkers", "al" means "upon", "mashkehu" means "his drink", "vayitten" means "and he gave/placed", "ha-kos" means "the cup", "kaff" means "palm", "Paroh" means "Pharaoh".
[GEN.40.22] And the chief of the officers was raised, just as Joseph had opened (the way) for them. [§]
ve'et sar ha'opim talah ka'asher patar lahem Yosef.
've'et' means 'and'; 'sar' means 'chief' or 'prince'; 'ha'opim' means 'the officers' (plural); 'talah' means 'was raised' or 'was lifted up'; 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as'; 'patar' means 'opened' or 'unlocked'; 'lahem' means 'to them' or 'for them'; 'Yosef' means 'Joseph'.
[GEN.40.23] But the overseer of the prison did not remember Joseph and forgot him. [§]
Ve lo zakhar sar ha-mashkim et Yosef va-yishkachhu.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'zakhar' means 'remembered', 'sar' means 'chief' or 'officer', 'ha-mashkim' means 'the overseer of the pit (prison)', 'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object (no English equivalent), 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'va-yishkachhu' means 'and he forgot him'.
GEN.41
[GEN.41.1] And after two years, Pharaoh dreamed, and behold he was standing by the river. [§]
vayehi miketz shenatayim yamim uparoh cholem vehineh omed al-hayor.
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'miketz' means 'at the end', 'shenatayim' means 'of two years', 'yamim' means 'days' (used here to emphasize the period), 'uparoh' means 'and Pharaoh', 'cholem' means 'dreamed', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'omed' means 'standing', 'al-hayor' means 'by the river'.
[GEN.41.2] And behold, from the river rising seven beautiful cows, pleasing to look at and healthy flesh, and they grazed and went away. [§]
ve-hineh min ha-yeor alot sheva parot yefot mar'eh u-beriot basar ve-tir'eenah ba'achu.
've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-yeor' means 'the river', 'alot' means 'going up' or 'rising', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'parot' means 'cows', 'yefot' means 'beautiful (feminine plural)', 'mar'eh' means 'appearance' or 'looking', 'u-beriot' means 'and healthy (feminine plural)', 'basar' means 'flesh' or 'meat', 've-tir'eenah' means 'and they grazed' or 'fed', 'ba'achu' means 'they went out' or 'they departed'.
[GEN.41.3] And behold, seven other bulls, also after them, from the river, bad sight and thin meat, and they stood beside the bulls on the bank of the river. [§]
vehineh sheva parot acherot olot achareihem min-hayear raot mar'eh ve-dakot basar vataamodnah etzel haparot al-sfat hayear.
'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'parot' means 'bulls', 'acherot' means 'other', 'olot' means 'other' or 'also', 'achareihem' means 'after them', 'min-hayear' means 'from the river', 'raot' means 'bad', 'mar'eh' means 'appearance' or 'sight', 've-dakot' means 'and thin', 'basar' means 'meat', 'vataamodnah' means 'and they stood', 'etzel' means 'beside', 'haparot' means 'the bulls', 'al-sfat' means 'on the bank', 'hayear' means 'the river'.
[GEN.41.4] And the locusts ate the horrible‑looking ones and the thin flesh, the seven locusts, the beautiful and the wholesome ones, and Pharaoh was startled. [§]
vatokhalna haparot raot hamareh vedakot habasar et sheva haparot yefot hamareh vehaberiyot vayikatz paro
'va' means 'and', 'tokhalna' means 'they ate', 'haparot' means 'the locusts', 'raot' means 'the terrible' or 'horrible-looking', 'hamareh' means 'the appearance', 've' means 'and', 'dakot' means 'thin' or 'wasting', 'habasar' means 'the flesh', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'sheva' means 'seven', 'yefot' means 'beautiful' or 'good', 'vehaberiyot' means 'and the healthy/wholesome', 'vayikatz' means 'he was alarmed' or 'he was startled', 'paro' means 'Pharaoh'.
[GEN.41.5] And he slept and dreamed a second time; and behold seven shibbolim offerings in one reed, healthy and good. [§]
vayyishan vayyachalom shenit vehineh sheva shibbolim olot bekaneh echad briot vetovot.
'vayyishan' means 'and he slept', 'vayyachalom' means 'and he dreamed', 'shenit' means 'a second [time]', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shibbolim' (literally 'shibboleths' but here a type of offering) means 'shibbolim', 'olot' means 'offerings', 'bekaneh' means 'in a reed' (the word 'kaneh' is a reed or a stalk), 'echad' means 'one', 'briot' means 'healthy' or 'in health', 'vetovot' means 'and good'.
[GEN.41.6] And behold, seven narrow streams and waste toward the east, drying up behind them. [§]
ve-hineh sheva shivolim dakkot u-shedupot kadim tzomchot acharihen.
've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shivolim' means 'streams' or 'brooks', 'dakkot' means 'narrow' or 'thin', 'u-shedupot' is a plural form meaning 'and [the] waste/overflowing ones' (the exact nuance is uncertain in the Masoretic text), 'kadim' means 'eastward' or 'eastern', 'tzomchot' means 'drying' or 'withering', 'acharihen' means 'behind them' or 'after them'. The phrase therefore describes a scene of seven narrow streams with some kind of waste or overflow toward the east that are drying up behind them.
[GEN.41.7] And the thin mice swallowed seven healthy and full mice, and Pharaoh awoke and behold a dream. [§]
vatiblana hashivbolot hadakot et sheva hashivbolot habriot vehamleot vayikatz paroh vehineh chalom.
'vatiblana' means 'and (she) swallowed', 'hashivbolot' means 'the mice', 'hadakot' means 'the thin', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'sheva' means 'seven', 'habriot' means 'the healthy', 'vehamleot' means 'and the full', 'vayikatz' means 'and (he) awoke', 'paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'chalom' means 'a dream'.
[GEN.41.8] And it happened in the morning, and his spirit was kindled, and he sent, and he called all the chiefs of Egypt and all its wise men, and Pharaoh told them his dream, and there was no one who could interpret them for Pharaoh. [§]
vayhi baboker vatipa'em ruho vayishlach vayikra et-kol char'tumme Mitzrayim ve-et-kol chachameha vyesaper Par'oh lahem et-chalom ve-ein-poter otam lepar'oh
'vayhi' means 'and it happened', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vatipa'em' means 'and his spirit was kindled', 'ruho' means 'his spirit', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'et-kol' means 'all', 'char'tumme' means 'chiefs' or 'leaders', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've-et-kol' means 'and all', 'chachameha' means 'its wise men', 'vyesaper' means 'and he told', 'Par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'et-chalom' means 'his dream', 've-ein-poter' means 'and there was no one who could interpret', 'otam' means 'them', 'lepar'oh' means 'for Pharaoh'.
[GEN.41.9] And the chief cupbearer spoke to Pharaoh, saying, 'I remember my sin today.' [§]
Vayedaber sar hamashkim et-Pareh le'emor et-chata'i ani mazkir hayom.
'Vayedaber' means 'and he spoke', 'sar' means 'chief' or 'prince', 'hamashkim' means 'the cupbearers' (literally 'the drinkers'), 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Pareh' is the name 'Pharaoh', 'le'emor' means 'to say', the second 'et' is again the object marker, 'chata'i' means 'my sin', 'ani' means 'I', 'mazkir' means 'remember' or 'recall', and 'hayom' means 'today'.
[GEN.41.10] Pharaoh was angry against his servants and he placed me in the guard of the house of the chief of the cooks, me and also the chief of the bakers. [§]
Pharaoh katsaf al avadav vayiten oti bimishmar beit sar hatabachim oti ve'et sar haopim.
'Pharaoh' means the Egyptian ruler; 'katsaf' means 'was angry'; 'al' means 'against'; 'avadav' means 'his servants'; 'vayiten' means 'and he placed'; 'oti' means 'me'; 'bimishmar' means 'in the guard/charge'; 'beit' means 'house'; 'sar' means 'chief' or 'officer'; 'hatabachim' means 'of the cooks'; the second 'oti' repeats 'me'; 've'et' means 'and'; the second 'sar' means 'chief'; 'haopim' means 'of the bakers'.
[GEN.41.11] And we dreamed a dream one night, I and he, a man like a solver, his dream we dreamed. [§]
vanachalma chalom b'layla echad ani vahu ish kefitron chalomo chalamnu.
'va' means 'and', 'nachalma' means 'we dreamed', 'chalom' means 'dream', 'b'layla' means 'at night', 'echad' means 'one', 'ani' means 'I', 'vahu' means 'and he', 'ish' means 'man', 'kefitron' is a difficult idiom that seems to derive from the root for 'solution' and can be rendered as 'like a solver' or 'as a puzzler', 'chalomo' means 'his dream', 'chalamnu' means 'we dreamed'.
[GEN.41.12] And there with us was a young Hebrew servant of the chief of the cooks; we told him, and he explained our dreams to us, a man opened according to his dream. [§]
ve-sham itanu na'ar ivri eved le-sar ha-tavvachim va-nesaper lo va-yiftar lanu et chalomoteinu ish ka-chalomo patar.
've-sham' means 'and there', 'itanu' means 'with us', 'na\'ar' means 'young man', 'ivri' means 'Hebrew', 'eved' means 'servant', 'le-sar' means 'to the chief', 'ha-tavvachim' means 'the cooks', 'va-nesaper' means 'and we told', 'lo' means 'to him', 'va-yiftar' means 'and he explained', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'chalomoteinu' means 'our dreams', 'ish' means 'a man', 'ka-chalomo' means 'according to his dream', 'patar' means 'opened'.
[GEN.41.13] And it was as when he opened for us; thus it was: he turned back toward my reed, and it was hung. [§]
Vayehi ka'asher patar-lanu ken hayah oti heshiv al-kanni ve'oto tala.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'patar' means 'opened' (or 'unlocked'), '-lanu' means 'for us', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'hayah' means 'it was', 'oti' means 'me', 'heshiv' means 'will turn back' or 'will return', 'al' means 'upon' or 'against', 'kanni' means 'my reed' (a poetic term for a musical instrument), 've'oto' means 'and his/it', 'tala' means 'hung' or 'was suspended'.
[GEN.41.14] And Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and he ran after him from the pit, and he shaved him, and he changed his garments, and he came to Pharaoh. [§]
vayyishlach par'oh vayyikra et-yosef vayeritzuho min-habbor vayiglach vayichalef simlotav vayavo el-par'oh.
'vayyishlach' means 'and he sent', 'par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'vayyikra' means 'and he called', 'et-yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vayeritzuho' means 'and he ran after him', 'min-habbor' means 'from the pit', 'vayiglach' means 'and he shaved', 'vayichalef' means 'and he changed', 'simlotav' means 'his garments', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'el-par'oh' means 'to Pharaoh'.
[GEN.41.15] Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'I have dreamed a dream and there is no one to interpret it, and I have heard about you that you can hear a dream to interpret it.' [§]
Vayomer Pharaoh el-Yosef chalom chalamti u'potar ein oto va'ani shamatti alaykha le'emor tishma chalom liftot oto.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'el-Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'chalom' means 'dream', 'chalamti' means 'I dreamed', 'u'potar' means 'and (there is) no one to', 'ein' means 'no' or 'not', 'oto' means 'it', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'shamatti' means 'have heard', 'alaykha' means 'about you', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'tishma' means 'you will hear', 'chalom' again 'dream', 'liftot' means 'to interpret', 'oto' again 'it'.
[GEN.41.16] And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, 'Besides me, the Gods will answer Pharaoh's peace.' [§]
Vayya'an Yosef et-Pharaoh le'emor bil'adi Elohim ya'aneh et-shelom Pharaoh.
'Vayya'an' means 'and he answered', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'et-Pharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'bil'adi' means 'besides me' or 'except me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ya'aneh' means 'will answer', 'et-shelom' means 'the peace', 'Pharaoh' means 'Pharaoh'.
[GEN.41.17] And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph in my dream, Behold, I am standing on the river bank. [§]
vayedabber Pharaoh el Yosef ba chalomi hineni omed al safat hayor.
'vayedabber' means 'and he spoke', 'Pharaoh' is the title Pharaoh, 'el' means 'to', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'ba' means 'in', 'chalomi' means 'my dream', 'hineni' means 'behold' or 'here I am', 'omed' means 'standing', 'al' means 'on', 'safat' means 'bank', 'hayor' means 'the river'.
[GEN.41.18] And behold, from the river rose seven cows, healthy flesh and beautiful form, and they were nursing in the valley. [§]
Ve'hineh min ha-ye'or olot sheva parot briot basar viyfot to'ar vatr'ena ba'achu.
'Ve'hineh' means 'and behold', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-ye'or' means 'the river', 'olot' means 'rising' or 'coming up', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'parot' means 'cows', 'briot' means 'healthy', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'viyfot' means 'and beautiful', 'to'ar' means 'form' or 'appearance', 'vatr'ena' means 'and they were nursing', 'ba'achu' means 'in the valley'.
[GEN.41.19] And behold seven other fowls after them low and evil, very beautiful and thin flesh; I have not seen [such] like [them] in all the land of Egypt for feeding. [§]
vehineh sheva parot acharot alot acharihen dalot veraot taar meod verakkot basar lo ra'iti kahen bechol eretz mitzrayim laroa
'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'parot' means 'fowls' or 'birds', 'acherot' means 'other' or 'additional', 'alot' is a plural form meaning 'those that go up' or 'those that arise', 'acharihen' means 'after them', 'dalot' derives from a root meaning 'low' or 'humble', 'veraot' means 'and evil' or 'and bad', 'taar' means 'appearance' or 'form', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly', 'verakkot' means 'thin' or 'lean', 'basar' means 'flesh', 'lo' means 'not', 'ra'iti' means 'I saw', 'kahen' means 'like' or 'as', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'eretz' means 'land', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'laroa' means 'for feeding' or 'to graze'.
[GEN.41.20] The clean and the unclean cattle ate the seven first healthy cattle. [§]
Vatokalna happarot harakkot veharaot et sheva happarot harishonot habriot.
'Vatokalna' means 'and ate', 'happarot' means 'the cattle', 'harakkot' means 'the clean', 'veharaot' means 'and the unclean', 'et' is the accusative marker (no direct English equivalent), 'sheva' means 'seven', 'happarot' again 'the cattle', 'harishonot' means 'the first', 'habriot' means 'the healthy'.
[GEN.41.21] And they came to Qirbena, and it was not known that they had come to Qirbena, and their appearance was evil as at the beginning, and I rose. [§]
Vatabonah el qirbenah ve'lo noda ki-vao el qirbenah u-mareihen ra ka'ashar ba-techilah va'ikatz.
'Vatabonah' means 'and they came', 'el' means 'to', 'qirbenah' is a proper name left untranslated, 've'lo' means 'and not', 'noda' means 'known', 'ki' means 'because', 'vao' means 'they came', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'mareihen' means 'their appearance', 'ra' means 'evil', 'ka'ashar' means 'as', 'ba-techilah' means 'in the beginning', 'va'ikatz' means 'and I rose' or 'and I awoke'.
[GEN.41.22] And I saw in my dream, and behold, seven streams offering in one reed, full and good. [§]
Va'ere ba'chalomi vehineh sheva shibolim olot beqaneh echad mele'ot vetovot.
'Va'ere' means 'and I saw', 'ba'chalomi' means 'in my dream', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shibolim' is a plural noun meaning 'streams' or 'channels', 'olot' means 'offering(s)', 'beqaneh' means 'in a reed' or 'in a cane', 'echad' means 'one', 'mele'ot' means 'full (feminine plural)', 'vetovot' means 'and good (feminine plural)'.
[GEN.41.23] And behold, seven droplets of spittle, pimples, thin, crushed, ancient, withering behind them. [§]
ve-hineh sheva shibolim tznumot dakkot shedufot kadim tzomchot achar ehem.
've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shibolim' (plural of shibel) means 'spittle' or 'saliva droplets', 'tznumot' means 'pimples' or 'blisters', 'dakkot' means 'thin' or 'delicate', 'shedufot' means 'crushed' or 'flattened', 'kadim' means 'old' or 'ancient', 'tzomchot' means 'withering' or 'drying up', 'achar ehem' means 'behind them' or 'after them'.
[GEN.41.24] And she swallowed the thin threads, the seven good threads, and I said to the chartummim, and there is no one who informs me. [§]
vatiblanah hashivolim hadakot et sheva hashivolim hatovot vaomar el-hachartummim veein magid li.
'vatiblanah' means 'and she swallowed', 'hashivolim' means 'the threads' or 'the cords', 'hadakot' means 'the thin' or 'the fine', 'et' is the accusative marker for the direct object, 'sheva' means 'seven', the second 'hashivolim' repeats 'the threads', 'hatovot' means 'the good', 'vaomar' means 'and I said', 'el' means 'to', 'hachartummim' likely refers to a group called 'the chartummim' (a proper name or term), 'veein' means 'and there is not', 'magid' means 'one who informs' or 'a reporter', and 'li' means 'to me'.
[GEN.41.25] And Joseph said to Pharaoh, a dream of Pharaoh is one; it is that which the Gods make, (he) reported to Pharaoh. [§]
Vayomer Yosef el-Pharaoh chalom Pharaoh echad hu et asher haElohim oseh higid lePharaoh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'el-Pharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'chalom' means 'dream', 'Pharaoh' is the name of the ruler, 'echad' means 'one', 'hu' means 'it is', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (usually left untranslated), 'asher' means 'that/which', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'oseh' means 'makes' or 'does', 'higid' means 'told' or 'reported', 'lePharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh'.
[GEN.41.26] Seven good cows, they are seven years; and seven good paths, they are seven years; one dream it is. [§]
Sheva parot hatovot sheva shanim hena ve sheva hashivolim hatovot sheva shanim hena chalom echad hu.
"Sheva" means "seven", "parot" means "cows" (female cattle), "hatovot" means "the good", "sheva shanim" means "seven years", "hena" means "they are", "ve" means "and", "hashivolim" means "the paths", "chalom" means "dream", "echad" means "one", "hu" means "it is".
[GEN.41.27] And seven the openings the thin and the evil the rising after them; they are seven years. And seven the [drained] the thin desolations the former shall be seven double famines. [§]
ve-sheva ha-parot ha-rakot veha-raot ha-olot achareihem sheva shanim henna ve-sheva ha-shivulim ha-rekot shedupot ha-kadim yihyu sheva shnei raav.
've' means 'and', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'ha-parot' means 'the openings' (from root p-r-h, uncertain exact sense), 'ha-rakot' means 'the thin ones' (from root r-q-q), 'veha-raot' means 'and the evil ones' (from root r-'-a, meaning 'bad' or 'evil'), 'ha-olot' means 'the rising ones' (from root 'l, meaning 'to rise' or 'to go up'), 'achareihem' means 'after them' or 'behind them', 'shanim' means 'years', 'henna' means 'they are', 'ha-shivulim' means 'the [something] that is drained or wasted' (from root sh-b-l, uncertain exact meaning), 'ha-rekot' again 'the thin ones', 'shedupot' means 'the desolations' (from root d-p, meaning 'to be desolate'), 'ha-kadim' means 'the former' or 'the previous', 'yihyu' means 'they shall be', 'shnei' means 'two', 'raav' means 'famine' or 'hunger'. The phrase strings together several groups of seven, describing periods or conditions that are thin, evil, rising, desolate, and culminate in double famines.
[GEN.41.28] He is the word that I spoke to Pharaoh, which the Gods cause to be shown to Pharaoh. [§]
hu ha-davar asher dibarti el Pharaoh asher haElohim oseh heraah et Pharaoh.
"hu" means "he"; "ha-davar" means "the word" or "the thing"; "asher" means "that/which"; "dibarti" means "I spoke"; "el" means "to"; "Pharaoh" is the name of the Egyptian ruler; the second "asher" repeats "that/which"; "haElohim" means "the Gods" (plural, per the literal rule for Elohim); "oseh" means "does/makes"; "heraah" means "to show"; "et" is a grammatical marker of the direct object; the final "Pharaoh" repeats the name of the ruler.
[GEN.41.29] Behold, seven years as a sign of great abundance in all the land of Egypt. [§]
Hineh sheva shanim ba'ot savah gadol bechol eretz Mitzrayim.
'Hineh' means 'Behold', 'sheva shanim' means 'seven years', 'ba'ot' means 'as a sign' (literally 'by a sign'), 'savah' means 'satiated' or 'full', here taken as 'great abundance' or 'great satisfaction', 'gadol' means 'great', 'bechol eretz Mitzrayim' means 'in all the land of Egypt'.
[GEN.41.30] And seven rose, two famines after them, and all the satiated were forgotten in the land of Egypt, and the famine consumed the land. [§]
ve-kamu sheva shnei raav achareihem ve-nishkach kol-ha-sava be-eretz Mitzrayim ve-killa ha-raav et ha-aretz.
've-kamu' means 'and rose', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shnei' means 'two', 'raav' means 'famines', 'achareihem' means 'after them', 've-nishkach' means 'and forgot', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-sava' means 'the satiated', 'be-eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've-killa' means 'and consumed', 'ha-raav' means 'the famine', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'ha-aretz' means 'the land'.
[GEN.41.31] And the fullness will not be known in the land because of that famine; after that, because it is exceedingly severe. [§]
ve lo yivda hashava baaretz mipnei hareav hahu acharei ken ki kaved hu meod.
've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yivda' means 'will be known', 'hashava' means 'the satisfaction' or 'the fullness', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'mipnei' means 'because of' or 'on account of', 'hareav' means 'the famine', 'hahu' means 'that (one)', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ken' means 'then', 'ki' means 'because', 'kaved' means 'heavy' or 'severe', 'hu' means 'it' or 'he', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
[GEN.41.32] And on the years the dream to Pharaoh twice, because the matter is true from the Gods and the Gods are quick to do it. [§]
veal hishanot hachalom el pharoah paamaim ki nachon hadavar meim haElohim umemaher haElohim laasoto.
'veal' means 'and on', 'hishanot' means 'the years', 'hachalom' means 'the dream', 'el' means 'to', 'pharoah' means 'Pharaoh', 'paamaim' means 'twice', 'ki' means 'because', 'nachon' means 'true' or 'settled', 'hadavar' means 'the word' or 'the matter', 'meim' means 'from', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'umemaher' means 'and quick', 'laasoto' means 'to do it'.
[GEN.41.33] And now Pharaoh will fear, a wise and clever man, and will set him upon the land of Egypt. [§]
veatta yera' Pharaoh ish navon vechakam veshiteihu al eretz Mitzrayim.
'veatta' means 'and now', 'yera'' means 'will fear', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'ish' means 'a man', 'navon' means 'wise', 'vechakam' means 'and clever', 'veshiteihu' means 'and will set him', 'al' means 'upon', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.41.34] Pharaoh will do and will appoint officials over the land and will divide the land of Egypt in seven two portions. [§]
Ya'aseh Paroh ve'yafked Pekidim al ha'aretz ve'khimesh et eretz Mitsrayim be'sheva shnei ha'sava.
'Ya'aseh' means 'will do', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 've'yafked' means 'and will appoint', 'Pekidim' means 'officials' or 'overseers', 'al' means 'over', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 've'khimesh' means 'and will divide', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'eretz' means 'land', 'Mitsrayim' means 'Egypt', 'be'sheva' means 'in seven', 'shnei' means 'two', 'ha'sava' is an idiom meaning 'portions' or 'measures of fullness'.
[GEN.41.35] And they will gather all the food of the good coming years, these, and they will bind them together under the hand of Pharaoh, food in the cities, and they will keep them. [§]
ve-yikb'tsu et kol okhel ha-shanim ha-tovot ha-ba'ot ha-elle ve-yitz'beru-var tachat yad Pharaoh okhel be'arim ve-shamru.
've-yikb'tsu' means 'and they will gather', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (often left untranslated), 'kol' means 'all', 'okhel' means 'food', 'ha-shanim' means 'the years', 'ha-tovot' means 'the good (feminine plural)', 'ha-ba'ot' means 'the coming (feminine plural)', 'ha-elle' means 'these', 've-yitz'beru-var' means 'and they will bind them together' (literally 'and they will bind‑in‑a‑bundle'), 'tachat' means 'under', 'yad' means 'hand', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'okhel' again means 'food', 'be'arim' means 'in the cities', and 've-shamru' means 'and they will keep/guard'.
[GEN.41.36] And the food will be for the redemption of the land for the seven, two famine that will be in the land of Egypt, and the land will not be cut off by famine. [§]
vehayah ha'ochel lefikadon la'aretz lesheva shnei hara'av asher tihyeina be'eretz Mitzrayim ve'lo tikaret ha'aretz ba'ra'av.
've' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'it will be', 'ha'ochel' means 'the food', 'lefikadon' means 'for the redemption', 'la'aretz' means 'of the land', 'lesheva' means 'for the seven', 'shnei' means 'two', 'hara'av' means 'the famine', 'asher' means 'that', 'tihyeina' means 'will be', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'tikaret' means 'will be cut off', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'ba'ra'av' means 'by famine'.
[GEN.41.37] And the thing was pleasing in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants. [§]
Vayitav hadavar be'einei Pharaoh u've'einei kol avadav.
'Vayitav' means 'and it was good', 'hadavar' means 'the thing' or 'the word', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'u've'einei' means 'and in the eyes of', 'kol' means 'all', 'avadav' means 'his servants'.
[GEN.41.38] And Pharaoh said to his servants, Is there any such man whose spirit of the Gods is in him. [§]
Vayomer Pharaoh el avadav ha-nimtza kazeh ish asher ruach elohim bo.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Pharaoh' means the Egyptian ruler, 'el' means 'to', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'ha-nimtza' means 'is there found' or 'will we find', 'kazeh' means 'such', 'ish' means 'a man', 'asher' means 'who', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'bo' means 'in him'.
[GEN.41.39] And Pharaoh said to Joseph, after the Gods informed you of all this, there is no wise and clever like you. [§]
Vayomer Pharaoh el-Yosef acharei hodi'a Elohim otkha et kol zot ein navon vechacham kamokha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the ruler, 'el-Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'acharei' means 'after', 'hodi'a' means 'made known' or 'informed', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'otkha' means 'you' as the direct object, 'et kol zot' means 'all this', 'ein' means 'there is no' or 'none', 'navon' means 'wise', 'vechacham' means 'and clever', 'kamokha' means 'like you' or 'as you are'. The verse is an idiomatic statement of extraordinary wisdom, expressed as a superlative comparison.
[GEN.41.40] You will be over my house and over your mouth; all my people will kiss; I will make the throne greater than you. [§]
Attah tihyeh al-beti ve'al-picha yishaq kol-ami rak hakisseh egdal mimecha.
'Attah' means 'you' (masc., singular). 'tihyeh' means 'will be'. 'al' means 'over' or 'upon'. 'beti' means 'my house'. 've'al' means 'and over'. 'picha' means 'your mouth'. 'yishaq' means 'will kiss'. 'kol-ami' means 'all my people'. 'rak' means 'only' or 'just'. 'hakisseh' means 'the throne' (literally 'the seat'). 'egdal' means 'I will make great' or 'increase'. 'mimecha' means 'beyond you' or 'greater than you'. The phrase 'yishaq kol-ami' is an idiom meaning 'my people will show reverence' (literally 'kiss').
[GEN.41.41] And Pharaoh said to Joseph, Behold, I have set you over all the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayomer Pharaoh el-Yosef Rehe natati otkha al kol-aretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'el-Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'Rehe' means 'behold', 'natati' means 'I have set' or 'I have given', 'otkha' means 'you' as a direct object, 'al' means 'over', 'kol-aretz' means 'all the land', and 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.41.42] And Pharaoh removed his staff from his hand and gave it into the hand of Joseph, and he clothed him in garments of six, and he placed a golden band upon his neck. [§]
Vayasar Pharaoh et tavato me'al yado vayiten otah al-yad Yosef vayalbesh oto bigdei-shesh vayyasem revid hazahav al-tzavaro.
'Vayasar' means 'and he removed', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'tavato' means 'his staff', 'me'al' means 'from upon', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'otah' means 'it' (feminine), 'al-yad' means 'into the hand of', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'vayalbesh' means 'and he clothed', 'oto' means 'him', 'bigdei-shesh' means 'garments of six' (a literal wording of the Hebrew phrase), 'vayyasem' means 'and he placed', 'revid' means 'band' or 'chain', 'hazahav' means 'of gold', and 'al-tzavaro' means 'upon his neck'.
[GEN.41.43] And he placed him in the second chariot that was his, and they called him before him Abraham, and gave him over all the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayarchev oto be-mirkebet ha-mishneh asher-lo vayikreu lefanav Avrekh ve-naton oto al kol-eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayarchev' means 'and he placed', 'oto' means 'him', 'be-mirkebet' means 'in the chariot', 'ha-mishneh' means 'the second', 'asher-lo' means 'which was his', 'vayikreu' means 'and they called', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'Avrekh' is a personal name (Abraham), 've-naton' means 'and gave', 'oto' means 'him', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'kol-eretz' means 'all the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.41.44] And Pharaoh said to Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without you no man shall lift his hand or his foot throughout the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayomer Pharaoh el-Yosef ani Pharaoh uviladecha lo yarim ish et-yado ve-et-raglo bechol eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'el-Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'ani' means 'I', the second 'Pharaoh' repeats the title, 'uviladecha' means 'and without you', 'lo' means 'not', 'yarim' means 'shall raise', 'ish' means 'a man', 'et-yado' means 'his hand', 've-et-raglo' means 'and his foot', 'bechol' means 'throughout', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.41.45] Pharaoh called the name Joseph Tzafnat Paaneach, and gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, as a wife, and Joseph went out into the land of Egypt. [§]
vayikra paroh shem-yosef tzafnat paaneach vayitten-lo et-asnat bat-poti pera kohen on leisha vayetse yosef al-eret mitzrayim.
'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'shem-yosef' means 'the name Joseph', 'tzafnat' means 'Tzafnat', 'paaneach' means 'Paaneach', 'vayitten-lo' means 'and gave him', 'et-asnat' means 'Asenath', 'bat-poti' means 'daughter of Potiphera', 'pera' means 'priest', 'kohen' means 'priest', 'on' means 'On', 'leisha' means 'as a wife', 'vayetse' means 'and he went out', 'yosef' means 'Joseph', 'al-eret' means 'into the land', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.41.46] And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt, and Joseph went out from before Pharaoh and passed through all the land of Egypt. [§]
ve-Yosef ben-shloshim shanah be-amdo le-fnei Paroh melekh Mitzrayim vay-yetseh Yosef mil-fnei Paroh va-ya'avor be-chol eretz Mitzrayim.
've-Yosef' means 'and Joseph', 'ben-shloshim shanah' means 'son of thirty years' i.e., 'thirty years old', 'be-amdo' means 'when he stood', 'le-fnei Paroh' means 'before Pharaoh', 'melekh Mitzrayim' means 'king of Egypt', 'vay-yetseh' means 'and he went out', 'mil-fnei Paroh' means 'from before Pharaoh', 'va-ya'avor' means 'and he passed through', 'be-chol eretz Mitzrayim' means 'through all the land of Egypt'.
[GEN.41.47] And the earth made in seven two of the harvest for the harvests. [§]
vataas haaretz beshava shenei hashava liqmatzim.
'vataas' means 'and (it) made', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'beshava' means 'in seven', 'shenei' means 'two', 'hashava' means 'of the harvest', 'liqmatzim' means 'for the harvests or collectings'.
[GEN.41.48] And he gathered all the food of the seven years that were in the land of Egypt and gave food in the cities, food of the city field which were around it, he gave within it. [§]
Vayikbets et kol okhel sheva shanim asher hayu be eretz Mitzrayim vayiten okhel be arim okhel sdeh ha ir asher sevivoteha natan betoch.
'Vayikbets' means 'and he gathered', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'okhel' means 'food', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shanim' means 'years', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hayu' means 'were', 'be eretz' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'okhel' again 'food', 'be arim' means 'in the cities', 'okhel sdeh ha ir' means 'food of the city field', 'asher' means 'which', 'sevivoteha' means 'around it/its surroundings', 'natan' means 'he gave', 'betoch' means 'within'.
[GEN.41.49] And Joseph multiplied the sand of the sea greatly, until he ceased to count, for there is no number. [§]
vayyitzbor yosef bar kechol hayam harbeh meod ad ki chadal lispor ki ein mispar.
'vayyitzbor' means 'and he multiplied', 'yosef' means 'Joseph', 'bar' is a prepositional particle meaning 'in' or 'of', 'kechol' means 'sand', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'harbeh' means 'greatly', 'meod' means 'very', 'ad' means 'until', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'chadal' means 'he ceased', 'lispor' means 'to count', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'mispar' means 'number'.
[GEN.41.50] And to Joseph were born two sons before the famine came in the year of the famine that bore him Manasseh, daughter of Poti, Ephraim, priest On. [§]
UleYosef yulad shnei banim beTerem tavo shnat haRaav asher yaldah-lo Asenat bat-Poti Pera kohen On.
"UleYosef" means "and to Joseph", "yulad" means "were born" (or "had" in a causative sense), "shnei" means "two", "banim" means "sons", "beTerem" means "before", "tavo" means "you will come" (here referring to the famine), "shnat" means "year of", "haRaav" means "the famine", "asher" means "that", "yaldah-lo" means "who bore him" (referring to his mother), "Asenat" is a transliteration of the name commonly rendered as "Manasseh", "bat-Poti" means "daughter of Poti" (a patronymic), "Pera" is a transliteration of the name commonly rendered as "Ephraim", "kohen" means "priest", and "On" is a transliteration of the name "On" (a place name). The verse lists Joseph's two sons and their lineage before the famine started.
[GEN.41.51] And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh, because the Gods have made me forget all my hardship and all my father's house. [§]
Vayikra Yosef et-shem habekhor Menashe ki nashani Elohim et kol amala ve'et kol beit avi.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'et-shem' means 'the name', 'habekhor' means 'the firstborn', 'Menashe' means 'Manasseh', 'ki' means 'because', 'nashani' means 'has made me forget', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no translation), 'kol' means 'all', 'amala' means 'hardship' or 'toil', 've'et' means 'and also', 'beit' means 'house', 'avi' means 'my father'.
[GEN.41.52] And the name of the second called Ephraim because I have become fruitful, the Gods in the land of my poverty. [§]
ve'et shem ha'sheni kara Ephraim ki-hiphrani Elohim be'eretz aniy.
've'et' means 'and the', 'shem' means 'name', 'ha'sheni' means 'the second', 'kara' means 'called', 'Ephraim' is a proper name, 'ki' means 'because', 'hiphrani' means 'I have become fruitful' (first‑person perfect of the verb 'to fruit'), 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'aniy' means 'my poverty' or 'my poor condition'.
[GEN.41.53] And it was finished, seven years of abundance that were in the land of Egypt. [§]
Vatikelna sheva shnei hasava asher hayah be'eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vatikelna' means 'and it was finished' or 'and it came to an end', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shnei' means 'years of', 'hasava' means 'the abundance' or 'plenty', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'hayah' means 'was', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.41.54] And they began the seven years of famine to come as Joseph said, and there was famine in all the lands and throughout the land of Egypt there was grain. [§]
Vatechilenah sheva shnei harovav lavoh kaasher amar Yosef vayhi ravav bechol haaretzot uvechol eretz Mitzrayim haya lechem.
'Vatechilenah' means 'and they began', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shnei' means 'years of', 'hаrovav' means 'famine', 'lavoh' means 'to come', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vayhi' means 'and there was', 'ravav' means 'famine', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'haaretzot' means 'the lands', 'uvechol' means 'and throughout', 'eretz' means 'the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'haya' means 'was', 'lechem' means 'bread' or 'grain'.
[GEN.41.55] And all the land of Egypt was hungry, and the people cried out to Pharaoh for bread, and Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, 'Go to Joseph, who will tell you what you should do.' [§]
vatirav kol-aretz mitsrayim vayitz'ak ha'am el-paroh lal-ham vayomer paroh lekhol-mitsrayim lekhu el-yosef asher yomar lakhem ta'asu.
'va' means 'and', 'tirav' means 'became hungry', 'kol-aretz' means 'all the land', 'mitsrayim' means 'of Egypt', 'vayitz'ak' means 'and they cried out', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'el-paroh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'lal-ham' means 'for bread', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'lekhol-mitsrayim' means 'to all the Egyptians', 'lekhu' means 'go', 'el-yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'asher' means 'who', 'yomar' means 'will say', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'ta'asu' means 'you shall do'.
[GEN.41.56] And the famine was upon all the faces of the earth, and Joseph opened all that were in them, and he sent to Egypt, and the famine grew stronger in the land of Egypt. [§]
vehara'av haya al kol-penei haaretz vayiftach Yosef et kol asher bahem vayishbor leMitzrayim vayechazek haraav beeretz Mitzrayim
'vehara'av' means 'and the famine', 'haya' means 'was', 'al' means 'upon', 'kol-penei' means 'all the faces of', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'vayiftach' means 'and Joseph opened', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'bahem' means 'were in them', 'vayishbor' means 'and he sent', 'leMitzrayim' means 'to Egypt', 'vayechazek' means 'and the famine grew stronger', 'haraav' means 'the famine', 'beeretz' means 'in the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.41.57] And all the earth came into Egypt to buy from Joseph because the famine was severe throughout the land. [§]
vechal haaretz ba'u mitzrayma lishbor el Yosef ki chazak ha ra'av bechol haaretz.
've' means 'and', 'chal' means 'all', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'aretz' means 'land' or 'earth', 'ba\'u' means 'came', 'mitzrayma' means 'to Egypt', 'lishbor' means 'to buy' or 'to get', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'ki' means 'because', 'chazak' means 'was strong' or 'severe', 'ha' is the definite article, 'ra'av' means 'famine', 'be' means 'in' or 'through', 'chol' means 'all', 'ha' is the definite article, 'aretz' means 'land' or 'earth'.
GEN.42
[GEN.42.1] And Jacob saw that there was famine in Egypt, and Jacob said to his sons, Why do you look? [§]
Vayar Yaakov ki yesh shever beMitzrayim vayomer Yaakov levanav lama titrau.
'Vayar' means 'And he saw', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'shever' means 'famine', 'beMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'levanav' means 'to his sons', 'lama' means 'why', 'titrau' means 'you look' (a rhetorical question).
[GEN.42.2] And he said, Behold, I have heard that there is a famine in Egypt; go there and bring for us from there, that we may live and not die. [§]
Vayomer hineh shamati ki yesh-shever beMitzrayim, redu-shammah ve'shivru-lanu misham ve'nichye velo namut.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'hineh' means 'Behold', 'shamati' means 'I have heard', 'ki' means 'that', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'shever' means 'famine', 'beMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'redu' means 'go', 'shammah' means 'there', 've'shivru' means 'and fetch/bring', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'misham' means 'from there', 've'nichye' means 'that we may live', 'velo' means 'and not', 'namut' means 'die'.
[GEN.42.3] And Joseph's brothers went down ten to break bread in Egypt. [§]
Vayeredu Achei Yosef asara lishbor bar mi-Mitzrayim.
'Vayeredu' means 'and they went down', 'Achei Yosef' means 'the brothers of Joseph', 'asara' means 'ten', 'lishbor' means 'to break', 'bar' means 'bread', 'mi-Mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt'.
[GEN.42.4] And Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob did not send his brothers, because he said, lest they would call him a prisoner. [§]
ve'et Binyamin achi Yosef lo shalach Yaakov et achav ki amar pen yikra'ennu ason.
've'et' means 'and (the)', 'Binyamin' is a proper name, 'achi' means 'brother of', 'Yosef' is a proper name, 'lo' means 'not', 'shalach' means 'sent', 'Yaakov' is a proper name, 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'achav' means 'his brothers', 'ki' means 'because', 'amar' means 'he said', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yikra'ennu' means 'they will call him', 'ason' means 'a prisoner'.
[GEN.42.5] And the children of Israel came to break (bread) among those who had arrived because there was famine in the land of Canaan. [§]
Vayyavohu bnei Yisrael lishbor betoch habaa'im ki haya ha ra'av be'eretz Kena'an.
'Vayyavohu' means 'and they came', 'bnei' means 'sons or children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lishbor' means 'to break (bread)', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of', 'habaa'im' means 'the ones who came or arrivals', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'haya' means 'was', 'ha' means 'the', 'ra'av' means 'famine', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'Kena'an' means 'Canaan'.
[GEN.42.6] And Joseph, he the ruler over the land, he the breaker of all the peoples of the land; and Joseph's brothers came and bowed down to him with both feet of the land. [§]
VeYosef hu haShallit al haaretz hu haMashbir lekol am haaretz vaYavo'u ahei Yosef vaYishtachavu lo apayim aretza.
'VeYosef' means 'and Joseph', 'hu' means 'he', 'haShallit' means 'the ruler', 'al' means 'over', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'hu' again means 'he', 'haMashbir' means 'the breaker' (one who destroys or oppresses), 'lekol' means 'to all', 'am' means 'people', 'haaretz' again 'the land', 'vaYavo'u' means 'and they came', 'ahei' means 'brothers of', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vaYishtachavu' means 'and they bowed down', 'lo' means 'to him', 'apayim' literally 'two feet' used idiomatically for 'with both feet' indicating complete submission, 'aretza' means 'the land'.
[GEN.42.7] And Joseph saw his brothers and recognized them; and he pretended toward them and spoke harsh words to them, and he said to them, 'From where have you come?' And they said, 'From the land of Canaan to buy food.' [§]
vayar Yosef et-achav vayakkirem vayitnakher alehem vayedabber itam kashot vayomer alehem meayin baatem vayomru me'eretz Canaan lishbar okhel
'vayar' means 'and he saw', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'et-achav' means 'his brothers', 'vayakkirem' means 'and he recognized them', 'vayitnakher' means 'and he pretended', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'vayedabber' means 'and he spoke', 'itam' means 'with them', 'kashot' means 'harsh words', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'meayin' means 'from where', 'baatem' means 'you have come', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Canaan' means 'Canaan', 'lishbar' means 'to buy', 'okhel' means 'food'.
[GEN.42.8] Joseph recognized his brothers, but they did not recognize him. [§]
Va yakkēr Yosef et achav vehem lo hikirū
'Va' means 'and/then', 'yakkēr' means 'recognized', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'achav' means 'his brothers', 'vehem' means 'and they', 'lo' means 'not', 'hikirū' means 'recognized', and the suffix '-hu' (included in the form hikirū) means 'him'.
[GEN.42.9] And Joseph remembered the dreams that he had dreamed for them, and he said to them, 'You are mocking in order to see the nakedness of the earth; you have come.' [§]
Vayizkor Yosef et hachalomot asher chalam lahem vayomer alehem meraggelim atem lir'ot et-ervat haaretz ba'etem.
'Vayizkor' means 'and he remembered', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hachalomot' means 'the dreams', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'chalam' means 'he dreamed', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'meraggelim' means 'you mock' (from the root ragal, to scoff), 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 'et-ervat' means 'the nakedness of', 'haaretz' means 'the earth/land', 'ba'etem' means 'you have come'. The phrase 'to see the nakedness of the earth' is an ancient idiom meaning to pry into something forbidden or to expose a secret.
[GEN.42.10] And they said to him, not my Lord, and your servants have come to break food. [§]
vayyomru elav lo adoni veavadecha ba'u lishbar okhel.
'vayyomru' means 'and they said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'lo' means 'not', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'veavadecha' means 'and your servants', 'ba'u' means 'have come', 'lishbar' means 'to break', 'okhel' means 'food'.
[GEN.42.11] All of us, the sons of one man, we have perished, as we are, we were not your servants who trample. [§]
Kulanu b'nei ish echad nachnu kenim anachnu lo hayu avadecha meraggelim.
'Kulanu' means 'all of us', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'ish echad' means 'one man', 'nachnu' means 'we have perished' (or 'we have fallen'), 'kenim' means 'as' or 'like', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'lo hayu' means 'were not', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', and 'meraggelim' means 'who trample' or 'trampling'.
[GEN.42.12] And he said to them, "Not because you have come to see the nakedness of the earth." [§]
Vayomer alehem lo ki ervat haaretz baatem lir'ot.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'lo' means 'not', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'ervat' means 'nakedness' (or shame), 'haaretz' means 'the earth' or 'the land', 'baatem' means 'you have come', 'lir'ot' means 'to see'.
[GEN.42.13] And they said, twelve of your servants, we are brothers, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and behold the younger has our father today, and the older is not. [§]
Vayomru sh'nei asar avadecha achim anachnu b'nei ish echad b'eretz Kenaan ve'hine hakaton et-avinu hayom ve'ha'echad einenu.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said'; 'sh'nei' means 'two'; 'asar' means 'ten' (together 'twelve'); 'avadecha' means 'your servants'; 'achim' means 'brothers'; 'anachnu' means 'we'; 'b'nei' means 'sons of'; 'ish' means 'man'; 'echad' means 'one'; 'b'eretz' means 'in the land'; 'Kenaan' means 'Canaan'; 've'hine' means 'and behold'; 'hakaton' means 'the younger' or 'the small one'; 'et-avinu' means 'our father' (the particle 'et' marks the direct object); 'hayom' means 'today'; 've'ha'echad' means 'and the one' or 'the older'; 'einenu' means 'is not [present]'.
[GEN.42.14] And he said to them, Joseph, 'It is I who have spoken to you, saying, you are wanderers.' [§]
Vayomer alehem Yosef, hu asher dibarti alechem le'emor meragelim atem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Yosef' is the name 'Joseph', 'hu' means 'he' or 'it is', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'dibarti' means 'I have spoken', 'alechem' means 'to you (plural)', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'meragelim' means 'wanderers' or 'those who wander', 'atem' means 'you (plural)'.
[GEN.42.15] By this you shall test us, living Pharaoh, if you go out from here, for if your little brother comes there. [§]
bezot tivachenu chei paroh imteztzu mizzeh ki imbvo achikhem hakaton henna.
'bezot' means 'by this', 'tivachenu' means 'you will test us', 'chei' means 'living' (as in 'alive'), 'paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'imteztzu' means 'if you go out', 'mizzeh' means 'from this', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'imbvo' means 'if you come' or 'if you enter', 'achikhem' means 'your brother', 'hakaton' means 'the little' or 'the younger', 'henna' means 'there'.
[GEN.42.16] Send one from among you and he will take your brother, and you will be gathered, and they will test your words, the truth with you, and if not for Pharaoh's life, because you are celebrating. [§]
Shilchu mikem echad ve'yikkach et-achikhem ve'atem he'aseru ve'yivachanu dibrekhem ha'emet itchem ve'im lo chi Paroh ki meraglim atem.
'Shilchu' means 'send', 'mikem' means 'from among you', 'echad' means 'one', 've'yikkach' means 'and he will take', 'et-achikhem' means 'your brother', 've'atem' means 'and you', 'he'aseru' means 'will be gathered/collected', 've'yivachanu' means 'and they will test/try', 'dibrekhem' means 'your words', 'ha'emet' means 'the truth', 'itchem' means 'with you', 've'im' means 'but if', 'lo' means 'not', 'chi' means 'the life of', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'ki' means 'because', 'meraglim' means 'you are dancing/celebrating', 'atem' means 'you (plural)'.
[GEN.42.17] And he gathered them to the watch for three days. [§]
Vaye'esof otam el-mishmar sheloshet yamim.
'Vaye'esof' means 'and he gathered', 'otam' means 'them', 'el-mishmar' means 'to the watch' (or 'to the guard'), 'sheloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days'.
[GEN.42.18] And said to them Joseph on the third day, 'This do and live the Gods I fear.' [§]
Vayomer alehem Yosef bayom hashlishi zot asu vichyu et ha'elohim ani yare'.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph, 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 'zot' means 'this', 'asu' means 'do', 'vichyu' means 'and live', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no lexical meaning, 'ha'elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the Hebrew word Elohim with the definite article), 'ani' means 'I', 'yare'' means 'fear'.
[GEN.42.19] If you are goats, your brother will be confined in the house of your watch, and you go bring famine's ruin into your houses. [§]
Im kenim atem achikhem echad ye'aser beveit mishmarchem ve'atem lechu haviu shever ra'avan bateichem.
'Im' means 'if', 'kenim' means 'goats', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'achikhem' means 'your brother', 'echad' means 'one', 'ye'aser' means 'will be shut' or 'will be confined', 'beveit' means 'in the house', 'mishmarchem' means 'of your watch' or 'of your guard', 've'atem' means 'and you', 'lechu' means 'go', 'haviu' means 'bring', 'shever' means 'break' or 'ruin', 'ra'avan' means 'famine', 'bateichem' means 'in your houses'.
[GEN.42.20] And bring your little brother to me, and my oath will be confirmed in your words, and you shall not die, and they did so. [§]
ve'et achikhem hakaton tavi'u elai ve-ye'amenhu divreichem ve'lo tamutu vay'as'u ken.
've' means 'and', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'achikhem' means 'your brother', 'hakaton' means 'the little', 'tavi'u' means 'you will bring', 'elai' means 'to me', 've' means 'and', 'ye'amenhu' means 'my oath will be confirmed', 'divreichem' means 'your words', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'tamutu' means 'you will die', 'vay'as'u' means 'they did', 'ken' means 'so'.
[GEN.42.21] They said, a man to his brother, 'But we are guilty concerning our brother, who we saw in trouble, pleading to us, and we did not listen; therefore this trouble has come upon us.' [§]
Vayomeru ish el-achiv aval ashemim anachnu al-achinu asher ra'inu tzarat nafsho behitchanenno elenu velo shama'nu al-ken ba'ah elenu hatzarah hazot.
'Vayomeru' means 'they said', 'ish' means 'a man', 'el-achiv' means 'to his brother', 'aval' means 'but', 'ashemim' means 'we are guilty', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'al-achinu' means 'against our brother', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'ra'inu' means 'we saw', 'tzarat' means 'trouble', 'nafsho' means 'his soul' (i.e., his plight), 'behitchanenno' means 'by pleading to us', 'elenu' means 'to us', 'velo' means 'and not', 'shama'nu' means 'we heard', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'ba'ah' means 'came', 'elenu' again means 'to us', 'hatzarah' means 'the trouble', 'hazot' means 'this'.
[GEN.42.22] And Reuben answered them, saying, 'Did I not tell you, "Do not kill the boy"? Yet you did not listen, and also his blood, behold, is required.' [§]
Vayaan Reuven otam le'emor halo amarti aleichem le'emor al-techetu ba-yeled velo shema'tem vegam-damo hineh nidrash.
'Vayaan' means 'and answered', 'Reuven' is the proper name Reuben, 'otam' means 'them', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'halo' means 'did not', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'aleichem' means 'to you', 'al-techetu' means 'do not kill', 'ba-yeled' means 'the boy', 'velo' means 'and not', 'shema'tem' means 'you listened', 'vegam-damo' means 'and also his blood', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'nidrash' means 'is required' or 'is to be avenged'.
[GEN.42.23] And they did not know that the hearing Joseph, that the shining one among them. [§]
vehem lo yadau ki shomea yosef ki ha-meleitz beinotam.
'vehem' means 'and they', 'lo' means 'not', 'yadau' means 'they knew', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'shomea' means 'hearing' or 'listener', 'yosef' is a proper name meaning 'Joseph', 'ki' again means 'that' or 'because', 'ha-meleitz' means 'the shining one' or 'the one who glitters', 'beinotam' means 'among them' or 'among those'.
[GEN.42.24] He turned away from them and wept, then he returned to them and spoke to them, and he took Simon from among them and shut him out of their sight. [§]
Vayissov me'aleihem, vayevach, vayashav alehem, vayedaber alehem, vayikach me'itam et Shimon, vayesar oto le'inehem.
'Vayissov' means 'and (he) turned away', 'me'aleihem' means 'from them', 'vayevach' means 'and (he) wept', 'vayashav' means 'and (he) returned', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'vayedaber' means 'and (he) spoke', 'vayikach' means 'and (he) took', 'me'itam' means 'from among them', 'et Shimon' is the proper name 'Simon', 'vayesar' means 'and (he) shut/closed', 'oto' means 'him', 'le'inehem' means 'in their eyes' i.e., 'out of their sight'.
[GEN.42.25] And Joseph commanded, and they filled their bags with provisions, and each man was to have his money returned to his sack, and to give them a gift for the road, and he did so for them. [§]
Vayetzav Yosef vayimlu et-k'lehem bar ve'lehashiv katspehem ish el-sako ve'lateit lahem tzedah ladarekh vayya'as lahem ken.
'Vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vayimlu' means 'and they filled', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'k'lehem' means 'their bags', 'bar' means 'with provisions', 'velehashiv' means 'and to return', 'katspehem' means 'their money', 'ish' means 'each man', 'el' means 'to', 'sako' means 'his sack', 've'lateit' means 'and to give', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'tzedah' means 'a gift', 'ladarekh' means 'for the road', 'vayya'as' means 'and he did', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'ken' means 'thus'.
[GEN.42.26] And they took their captivity upon their donkeys and went away from there. [§]
Vayissau et-shivram al-chamorehem vayelechu misham.
'Vayissau' means 'and they lifted' or 'and they took', 'et' is the accusative particle marking the direct object, 'shivram' means 'their captivity', 'al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'chamorehem' means 'their donkeys', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'misham' means 'from there'.
[GEN.42.27] And the one opened his sack to give a measure to his donkey in the field, and he saw his money, and behold, it was in his mouth. [§]
vayyiftach ha'echad et-sako lateit mispo lechamoro bamalon vayare et-kaspo vehinehu befi amtatto.
'vayyiftach' means 'and he opened', 'ha'echad' means 'the one', 'et-sako' means 'his sack', 'lateit' means 'to give', 'mispo' means 'a measure', 'lechamoro' means 'to his donkey', 'bamalon' means 'in the field', 'vayare' means 'and he saw', 'et-kaspo' means 'his money', 'vehinehu' means 'and behold, he', 'befi' means 'in (the) mouth', 'amtatto' means 'of it/its'.
[GEN.42.28] And he said to his brothers, Hushab my silver, and also behold, in my ... and he went out to them, and they went out, a man to his brother to say, What is this the Gods have done for us? [§]
Vayomer el-echav Hushab kaspi vegam hineh beamtachti vayetse livam veyekherdu ish el-achiv leemor mah zot asah Elohim lanu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el' means 'to', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'Hushab' is a proper name, 'kaspi' means 'my silver', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'beamtachti' means 'in my ...' (the exact nuance of the word is uncertain in this context), 'vayetse' means 'and he went out', 'livam' means 'to them' or 'their heart', 'veyekherdu' means 'and they went out', 'ish' means 'a man', 'el' means 'to', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'mah zot' means 'what is this', 'asah' means 'has done', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lanu' means 'for us'.
[GEN.42.29] They came to Jacob his fatherland, the land of Canaan, and they told him all the reports about them, saying. [§]
vayyavo el yaakov avihhem artzah kenaan vayaggidu lo et kol hakorot otam leemor.
'vayyavo' means 'they came', 'el' means 'to', 'yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'avihhem' means 'their father', 'artzah' means 'land', 'kenaan' means 'Canaan', 'vayaggidu' means 'they told', 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is an accusative marker (often left untranslated), 'kol' means 'all', 'hakorot' means 'the reports' or 'the messages', 'otam' means 'them', 'leemor' means 'saying'.
[GEN.42.30] The word of the man, my Lord the earth, with us hardships, and he gave us the earth as rollers. [§]
Diber ha ish Adonei haaretz itanu kashot vayitten otanu kimregelim et haaretz.
'Diber' means 'speech' or 'word', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'ish' means 'man', 'Adonei' means 'my Lord' (a literal translation of the divine name Adonai), 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'itanu' means 'with us', 'kashot' means 'hardships' or 'hard things', 'vayitten' means 'and he gave', 'otanu' means 'to us', 'kimregelim' means 'as rollers' (like those that roll), 'et' is a direct object marker, and 'haaretz' again means 'the earth'.
[GEN.42.31] And we said to him, 'We are like reeds; we were not rolling.' [§]
Vano'amer elav kenim anachnu lo hayinu meraggelim.
'Vano'amer' means 'and we said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'kenim' means 'like reeds', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'lo' means 'not', 'hayinu' means 'we were', 'meraggelim' means 'rolling' (from the root ragal, to roll).
[GEN.42.32] We are twelve brothers, sons of our father; the one is absent and the younger today is our father in the land of Canaan. [§]
shneim-`asar anachnu achim b'nei avinu ha'echad einenu veha'katan hayom et-avinu b'eretz kena'an.
'shneim-`asar' means 'twelve', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'achim' means 'brothers', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'avinu' means 'our father', 'ha'echad' means 'the one', 'einenu' means 'is not (present) or is absent', 'veha'katan' means 'and the younger', 'hayom' means 'today', 'et-avinu' means 'our father (object)', 'b'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'kena'an' means 'Canaan'.
[GEN.42.33] And he said to us, the man, Lord of the earth, by this I will know that you, your brothers, the one who has left with me, and the famine of your houses, take and go. [§]
Vayomer eileinu ha-ish adonei ha-aretz be zot eida ki kenim atem achikhem ha-echad hanichu itti ve'et ra'avon battechem k'chu va'lechu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'eileinu' means 'to us', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'adonei' is the construct form of Adonai meaning 'Lord of', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'be zot' means 'by this', 'eida' means 'I will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'kenim' is a plural noun of uncertain meaning used here as 'you are', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'achikhem' means 'your brothers', 'ha-echad' means 'the one', 'hanichu' means 'who has left', 'itti' means 'with me', 've'et ra'avon' means 'and the famine', 'battechem' means 'your houses', 'k'chu' means 'take', 'va'lechu' means 'and go'. The name of God 'Adonai' is translated literally as 'my Lord', here rendered as 'Lord of' because of the construct form.
[GEN.42.34] Bring your younger brother to me, and I will know that you do not oppress, for you are wicked; I will give your brother to you, and you will trade the land. [§]
vehaviyu et achichem hakaton elai ve'edah ki lo meraggelim atem ki kenim atem et achichem eten lachem ve'et haaretz tischaru.
'vehaviyu' means 'and (they) bring', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'achichem' means 'your brother', 'hakaton' means 'the younger/youngest', 'elai' means 'to me', 've'edah' means 'and I will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'lo' means 'not', 'meraggelim' means 'oppress' or 'mistreat', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'ki' again means 'for', 'kenim' is a rare term meaning 'wicked' or 'wretched' (the exact sense is uncertain in this context), 'eten' means 'I will give', 'lachem' means 'to you', 've'et haaretz' means 'and the land', 'tischaru' means 'you will trade' or 'you will sell'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special literal rendering is needed for them.
[GEN.42.35] And it was that they were emptying their bags, and behold a man with a money strap in his bag; they saw the straps of their money, them and their father, and they were afraid. [§]
Vayehi hem merikim sakihem vehine ish tzeror-kaspo besako vayiru et tzerorot kaspehem hem vaavihhem vayirau.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'hem' means 'they', 'merikim' means 'emptying', 'sakihem' means 'their bags', 'vehine' means 'and behold', 'ish' means 'a man', 'tzeror' means 'strap' or 'band', 'kaspo' means 'his money', 'besako' means 'in his bag', 'vayiru' means 'they saw', 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'tzerorot' means 'straps', 'kaspehem' means 'their money', 'hem' means 'they' (reiterated for emphasis), 'vaavihhem' means 'and their father', 'vayirau' means 'they were afraid'.
[GEN.42.36] And he said to them, Jacob their father, you have left me behind; Joseph is not, and Simeon is not, and you will take Benjamin for me; they were all. [§]
Vayomer alehem Yaakov avihhem oti shikaltet Yosef einenu veshimon einenu ve-et Binyamin tikachu alai hayu kulan.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob, 'avihhem' means 'their father', 'oti' means 'me' (object), 'shikaltet' means 'you have missed' or 'you have left behind', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'einenu' means 'he is not', 'veshimon' means 'and Simeon', 'einenu' again means 'he is not', 've-et Binyamin' means 'and Benjamin', 'tikachu' means 'you will take', 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'for me', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'kulan' means 'all'.
[GEN.42.37] And Reuben said to his father, 'Say, you shall kill my two sons if I do not bring him to you; give him into my hand, and I will bring him back to you.' [§]
Vayomer Reuven el-aviv leemor et shenei banai tamit im lo aviennu eilekha tena oto al yadi vaani ashivennu eilekha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Reuven' is the name Reuben, 'el-aviv' means 'to his father', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'shenei' means 'two', 'banai' means 'my sons', 'tamit' means 'you shall kill', 'im lo' means 'if not', 'aviennu' means 'I will bring him', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'tena' means 'give', 'oto' means 'him', 'al yadi' means 'into my hand', 'vaani' means 'and I', 'ashivennu' means 'will return him', 'eilekha' means 'to you'.
[GEN.42.38] And he said, My son will not go with you, because his brother has died and he alone remains, and they will call him a cruel fate on the road that you will travel, and you will bring down my lament in a deep mourning. [§]
Vayomer lo-yered beni imachem ki achiv met vehu levado nishar ukrahu ason baderekh asher telchu bah vehoradtem et seivati beyagon sheola
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo-yered' means 'will not go down', 'beni' means 'my son', 'imachem' means 'with you (plural)', 'ki' means 'because', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'met' means 'has died', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'levado' means 'alone', 'nishar' means 'remains', 'ukrahu' means 'they will call him', 'ason' means 'burden' or 'cruel fate', 'baderekh' means 'on the road', 'asher' means 'that', 'telchu' means 'you will go', 'bah' means 'in it', 'vehoradtem' means 'and you will bring down', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'seivati' means 'my lament' or 'my weeping', 'beyagon' means 'in mourning', 'sheola' means 'deep sorrow'.
GEN.43
[GEN.43.1] And the famine was heavy in the land. [§]
veha raav kaved baaretz.
've' means 'and', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'raav' means 'famine', 'kaved' means 'heavy' or 'severe', 'ba' means 'in the', 'aretz' means 'land'.
[GEN.43.2] And it happened as they finished eating the fragment that they had brought from Egypt, and their father said to them, 'Return, break for us a little food.' [§]
Vayehi ka'asher killu le'ekhol et-hashaver asher heviu mimitzrayim vayomer aleihem avihhem shuvu shivru-lanu me'at okhel.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'killu' means 'they finished', 'le'ekhol' means 'to eat', 'et-hashaver' means 'the fragment/leftover', 'asher' means 'that', 'heviu' means 'they brought', 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'avihhem' means 'their father', 'shuvu' means 'return', 'shivru-lanu' means 'break for us', 'me'at' means 'a little', 'okhel' means 'food'.
[GEN.43.3] And Judah said to him, 'The witness has testified to us, the man said, "You shall not see my face unless your brothers are with you."' [§]
Vayomer elav Yehudah le'emor ha'ed he'ed banu ha'ish lemor lo-tir'u panai bilti achichem itchem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yehudah' is the personal name 'Judah', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'ha'ed' means 'the witness', 'he'ed' means 'has testified', 'banu' means 'to us', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'lo-tir'u' means 'you shall not see', 'panai' means 'my face', 'bilti' means 'without', 'achichem' means 'your brothers', 'itchem' means 'with you'.
[GEN.43.4] If you have a one sending our brother with us, we will go down and we will break food for you. [§]
Im yeshkha meshaleiach et achinu itanu neredah venishbera lecha okhel.
'Im' means 'if', 'yeshkha' means 'you have', 'meshaleiach' means 'sending' or 'one who sends', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'achinu' means 'our brother', 'itanu' means 'with us', 'neredah' means 'we will go down' or 'we shall descend', 'venishbera' means 'and we will break', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'okhel' means 'food' or 'a meal'.
[GEN.43.5] And if you are not sending, we will not go down because the man said God to us, you will not see my face except your brothers with you. [§]
ve'im eincha meshale'ach lo nered ki ha'ish amar elenu lo t'ru fanai bilti achikhem ittkhem.
've'im' means 'and if', 'eincha' means 'you are not', 'meshale'ach' means 'sending', 'lo' means 'not', 'nered' means 'we will go down', 'ki' means 'because', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'amar' means 'said', 'elenu' is formed from 'El' meaning 'God' and the suffix 'enu' meaning 'to us', so it is rendered as 'God to us' (i.e., 'God said to us'), 'lo' means 'you will not', 't'ru' means 'see', 'fanai' means 'my face', 'bilti' means 'except', 'achikhem' means 'your brothers', 'ittkhem' means 'with you'.
[GEN.43.6] And Israel said, 'Why do you do evil to me in order to tell the man, still to you, brother?' [§]
Vayomer Yisrael lama hare'otem li lehagid la'ish ha'od lakhem ach.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yisrael' means the name Israel, 'lama' means 'why', 'hare'otem' means 'do you do evil (to)', 'li' means 'to me', 'lehagid' means 'to tell', 'la'ish' means 'to the man', 'ha'od' means 'still' or 'again', 'lakhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'ach' means 'brother'.
[GEN.43.7] They said, 'Ask the man for us and for our offspring, to say, "Is your father still alive? Do you have a brother?" and we reported this to him by these words, that the one who knows is known, that he will say, "Bring down your brother." [§]
Vayomeru sha'al ha'ish lanu u'lemo ledotenu lemor ha'ad avikhem chai hayesh lachem ach v'nagged lo al-pi hadvarim ha'eleh hayado'a neda ki yomar horidu et achikhem.
'Vayomeru' means 'they said', 'sha'al' means 'to ask', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'u'lemo' means 'and for our offspring', 'ledotenu' means 'to our children', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'ha'ad' means 'still', 'avikhem' means 'your father', 'chai' means 'alive', 'hayesh' means 'there is', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'ach' means 'brother', 'v'nagged' means 'and we reported', 'lo' means 'to him', 'al-pi' means 'by the mouth of', 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'hayado'a' means 'the one who knows', 'neda' means 'is known', 'ki' means 'that', 'yomar' means 'he will say', 'horidu' means 'bring down', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'achikhem' means 'your brother'.
[GEN.43.8] And Judah said to Israel his father, 'Send the boy with me, that we may arise and go, that we may live and not die, also we, also you, also our offspring.' [§]
Vayomer Yehudah el Yisrael aviv shilchah hanna'ar itti ve-nakumah ve-nelekhah ve-nichyeh ve-lo namut gam-anachnu gam-atah gam-tapenu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yehudah' is the proper name Judah, 'el' means 'to', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'shilchah' means 'send', 'hanna'ar' means 'the boy', 'itti' means 'with me', 've-nakumah' means 'and we will arise', 've-nelekhah' means 'and we will go', 've-nichyeh' means 'and we will live', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'namut' means 'die', 'gam-anachnu' means 'also we', 'gam-atah' means 'also you', 'gam-tapenu' means 'also our offspring'.
[GEN.43.9] I will bring him from my hand, you will seek him; if you do not bring him to you and present him before you, I have sinned against you all the days. [§]
anochi e'arevennu miyadi tevakshe-nu im lo havioti-vo eleicha vehitsagtiyo lefanekha vechatati lekha kol-hayamim.
'anochi' means 'I'; 'e'arevennu' means 'I will bring/combine him'; 'miyadi' means 'from my hand'; 'tevakshe-nu' means 'you will seek him'; 'im lo' means 'if not'; 'havioti-vo' means 'you will bring him'; 'eleicha' means 'to you'; 'vehitsagtiyo' means 'and you will present him'; 'lefanekha' means 'before you'; 'vechatati' means 'and I have sinned'; 'lekha' means 'against you'; 'kol-hayamim' means 'all the days'.
[GEN.43.10] For if we were not bewildered, for now we will return this twice. [§]
Ki lulei hitmahmeinu ki-atta shavnu zeh paamim.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'lulei' means 'if not' or 'unless', 'hitmahmeinu' means 'we would be confused' or 'we would be bewildered', the second 'ki' again means 'for', 'atta' means 'now', 'shavnu' means 'we will return', 'zeh' means 'this', and 'paamim' means 'twice' (two times).
[GEN.43.11] And he said to them, Israel their father, if so then do this: take the produce of the land in your vessels and bring down for each man an offering, a little dried figs and a little honey, wheat and barley, grapes and almonds. [§]
vayomer alehem Yisrael aviham im ken efo zot asu kechu mizimrat haaretz bikleikhem vehoridu la'ish mincha meat tzori umeat d'vash nekhoet valot batnim ushkedim.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'aviham' means 'their father', 'im ken' means 'if so', 'efo' means 'then', 'zot' means 'this', 'asu' means 'do', 'kechu' means 'take', 'mizimrat' means 'the produce' (from the root for song, used here as a poetic term for harvest), 'haaretz' means 'of the land', 'bikleikhem' means 'in your vessels', 'vehoridu' means 'and bring down', 'la'ish' means 'for each man', 'mincha' means 'offering', 'meat' means 'a little', 'tzori' means 'dried figs', 'umeat' means 'and a little', 'd'vash' means 'honey', 'nekhoet' means 'wheat', 'valot' means 'and barley', 'batnim' means 'grapes', 'ushkedim' means 'and almonds'.
[GEN.43.12] And silver, another, take it in your hand, and the silver that is exchanged in the mouth of your pledge you shall return in your hand; perhaps it is a mistake. [§]
vekesef mishneh k'chu be-yedkem ve'et hakeses hamushav befi amtechoteikhem tashivu be-yedkem ulai mishgeh hu.
've' means 'and', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'mishneh' means 'another' or 'a second', 'k'chu' means 'take', 'be-yedkem' means 'in your hand', 've' means 'and', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hakeses' means 'the silver', 'hamushav' means 'the changed' or 'the exchanged', 'befi' means 'in the mouth', 'amtechoteikhem' is a plural construct meaning 'your (something) that is placed', likely referring to a pledge or deposit, 'tashivu' means 'you shall return', 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'mishgeh' means 'it is a mistake' or 'it is error', 'hu' means 'it'.
[GEN.43.13] And take your brothers, and rise, return to the man. [§]
ve'et achikhem kachu vequmu shuvu el haish.
've'et' means 'and (with object marker)', 'achikhem' means 'your brothers', 'kachu' means 'take', 'vequmu' means 'and rise/stand up', 'shuvu' means 'return', 'el' means 'to/toward', 'haish' means 'the man'.
[GEN.43.14] And God Almighty will give you mercy before the man, and will send to you your brother Acher and Benjamin, and I, as I have forgotten, have forgotten. [§]
veEl Shaddai yitten lachem rachamim lifnei ha'ish ve'shilach lachem et achikhem acher ve'et Binyamin va'ani ka'asher shakolti shakolti.
'veEl' means 'and God', 'Shaddai' means 'Almighty', 'yitten' means 'will give', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'rachamim' means 'mercy', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 've'shilach' means 'and will send', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'achikhem' means 'your brother', 'acher' is a proper name meaning 'further' or 'the other', 've'et' means 'and', 'Binyamin' is the name 'Benjamin', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'shakolti' means 'I have forgotten', the second 'shakolti' repeats the same verb.
[GEN.43.15] The men took this offering, and they took a piece of silver in their hand, and they also took Benjamin; they rose, went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph. [§]
Vayikchu ha-anashim et-ha-mincha ha-zot u-mishneh-kesef lachu beyada ve-et Binyamin vayaku mu vayeredu Mi-tzrayim vayamdu lifnei Yosef.
'Vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha-mincha' means 'the offering', 'ha-zot' means 'this', 'u' means 'and', 'mishneh-kesef' means 'a piece of silver', 'lachu' means 'they took', 'beyada' means 'in their hand', 've-et' means 'and', 'Binyamin' is the proper name Benjamin, 'vayaku mu' means 'and they rose', 'vayeredu' means 'and they went down', 'Mi-tzrayim' means 'to Egypt', 'vayamdu' means 'and they stood', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph.
[GEN.43.16] And Joseph saw them with Benjamin, and said to the one in charge of his house, 'Bring the men into the house, set a feast, and prepare, that the men may eat with me at noon.' [§]
Vayar Yosef itam et-Binyamin vayomer la'ashar al-beito habe et-hananashim habaita u-tvoach tebach vehachen ki itti yokhlu hanashim batzorayim.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'itam' means 'them', 'et-Binyamin' means 'Benjamin' (direct object marker), 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'la'ashar' means 'to the one in charge', 'al-beito' means 'of his house', 'habe' means 'bring', 'et-hananashim' means 'the men' (direct object), 'habaita' means 'into the house', 'u-tvoach' means 'and set a feast', 'tebach' means 'a feast', 'vehachen' means 'and prepare', 'ki' means 'that', 'itti' means 'with me', 'yokhlu' means 'they will eat', 'hanashim' means 'the men', 'batzorayim' means 'at noon'.
[GEN.43.17] And the man did as Joseph said, and the man brought the men into Joseph's house. [§]
Vayaa's ha-ish ka'asher amar Yosef vayave ha-ish et ha-anashim beitah Yosef.
'Vayaa's' means 'and he did', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'vayave' means 'and he brought', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no direct English equivalent, 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'beitah' means 'his house' referring to Joseph, and the final 'Yosef' repeats the name to clarify possession.
[GEN.43.18] And the men were afraid because they had entered the house of Joseph, and they said, concerning the silver that was returned to us at the beginning, we are being led to roll upon us and to fall upon us, and to take us as slaves and our donkeys. [§]
Vayiru ha anashim ki hubu beit Yosef vayomru al dvar ha ksesef ha shav be amethkhotenu ba techilla anachnu muvaim lehitgolel aleinu u lehitnapel aleinu ve lakachat otanu la avadim ve et chamorenu.
'Vayiru' means 'and they were afraid', 'ha anashim' means 'the men', 'ki' means 'because', 'hubu' means 'they came' or 'they entered', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'al' means 'concerning' or 'about', 'dvar' means 'the matter' or 'the thing', 'ha ksesef' means 'the silver', 'ha shav' means 'that was returned', 'be amethkhotenu' means 'to us' (literally 'in our hands'), 'ba techilla' means 'at the beginning', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'muvaim' means 'are being brought' or 'are being led', 'lehitgolel' means 'to roll over', 'aleinu' means 'upon us', 'u lehitnapel' means 'and to fall upon', 'aleinu' again 'us', 've lakachat' means 'and to take', 'otanu' means 'us', 'la avadim' means 'as slaves', 've et' is a particle introducing the next object, 'chamorenu' means 'our donkeys'.
[GEN.43.19] And they approached the man who was at the house of Joseph and they spoke to him at the doorway of the house. [§]
vayigshu el haish asher al beit yosef vaydabbru elav petach habayit.
'vayigshu' means 'and they approached', 'el' means 'to', 'haish' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'al' means 'on' or 'at', 'beit' means 'house', 'yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vaydabbru' means 'and they spoke', 'elav' means 'to him', 'petach' means 'opening' or 'doorway', 'habayit' means 'the house'.
[GEN.43.20] And they said, 'My Lord, he will descend, we will descend at the beginning to break bread.' [§]
Vayomeru bi Adoni yarod yaradnu ba techila lishbor okel.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'bi' means 'in me' or functions as an emphasis particle here, 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'yarod' means 'he will descend', 'yaradnu' means 'we will descend', 'ba' means 'at the', 'techila' means 'beginning', 'lishbor' means 'to break', 'okel' means 'food' (often 'bread').
[GEN.43.21] And it was when we came to the malon we opened our hands, and behold a man's silver in the mouth of his hand, our silver according to its weight, and we held it in our hands. [§]
vayehi ki baanu el hamalon vaniftcha et amtechoteinu vehineh kesef ish befi amtachtto kaspenu bemishkalo vanashev oto beyadeinu.
"vayehi" means "and it was"; "ki" means "when"; "baanu" means "we came"; "el" means "to"; "hamalon" means "the malon" (a place of measuring or weighing); "vaniftcha" means "we opened"; "et" is a direct object marker; "amtechoteinu" means "our hands"; "vehineh" means "and behold"; "kesef" means "silver"; "ish" means "a man"; "befi" means "in the mouth of"; "amtachtto" means "his hand"; "kaspenu" means "our silver"; "bemishkalo" means "according to its weight"; "vanashev" means "we lifted" or "we held"; "oto" means "it"; "beyadeinu" means "in our hands".
[GEN.43.22] And another silver that was brought down to our hands for breaking food we did not know who placed our silver in our palms. [§]
ve-chesef achar horadnu beyadeinu lishvar-okhel lo yada'nu mi-sam kassefenu be'amtachoteinu.
've-chesef' means 'and silver', 'achar' means 'another', 'horadnu' means 'brought down to us', 'beyadeinu' means 'in our hands', 'lishvar-okhel' means 'to break food', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada'nu' means 'we knew', 'mi-sam' means 'who placed', 'kassefenu' means 'our silver', 'be'amtachoteinu' means 'in our palms'.
[GEN.43.23] And he said, Peace to you; do not be afraid, your Gods and the Gods of your fathers gave you a gift in your tents; your silver has come to me, and he brought Shimon to them. [§]
vayomer shalom lachem al-tirau eloheichem ve-elohei avichem natan lachem matmon be'amtehoteychem kaspchem ba elai vayotse alehem et-shimon.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'al-tirau' means 'do not be afraid', 'eloheichem' means 'your Gods', 've-elohei' means 'and the Gods of', 'avichem' means 'your fathers', 'natan' means 'gave', 'lachem' means 'to you', 'matmon' means 'gift', 'be'amtehoteychem' means 'in your tents', 'kaspchem' means 'your silver', 'ba' means 'has come', 'elai' means 'to me', 'vayotse' means 'and he brought out', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'et-shimon' means 'Shimon' (proper name).
[GEN.43.24] The man brought the men into Joseph's house, gave them water, they washed their feet, and he gave them a measure for their donkeys. [§]
vayyave ha'ish et ha'anashim beitah Yosef vayiten mayim vayirchatzu ragleihem vayiten mispo lachamoreihem.
'vayyave' means 'and he brought', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'beitah' means 'into his house', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'mayim' means 'water', 'vayirchatzu' means 'and they washed', 'ragleihem' means 'their feet', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'mispo' means 'a measure or portion', 'lachamoreihem' means 'to their donkeys'.
[GEN.43.25] And they prepared the offering until Joseph came at noon, because they heard that there they would eat bread. [§]
Vayachinu et haminnacha ad bo Yosef ba tzaharayim ki shamu ki sham yo'khelu lechem.
'Vayachinu' means 'and they prepared', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'haminnacha' means 'the offering', 'ad' means 'until', 'bo' means 'the coming', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'ba' means 'at', 'tzaharayim' means 'noon' or 'midday', 'ki' means 'because', 'shamu' means 'they heard', the second 'ki' means 'that', 'sham' means 'there', 'yo'khelu' means 'they will eat', and 'lechem' means 'bread'.
[GEN.43.26] And Joseph entered the house, and they brought him the offering which was in their hand, and the land bowed before him. [§]
vayyavo Yosef habayitah vayyaviu lo et haminchah asher beyadam habayitah vayishtachavu lo artzah.
'vayyavo' means 'and he entered', 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph, 'habayitah' means 'the house', 'vayyaviu' means 'and they brought', 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'haminchah' means 'the offering', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'beyadam' means 'in their hand', 'habayitah' repeats 'the house', 'vayishtachavu' means 'and they bowed themselves', 'lo' again 'to him', 'artzah' means 'the land'.
[GEN.43.27] And he asked them for peace and said, "The peace, your father the old man, who you said, is still alive." [§]
Vayish'al lahem le-shalom vayomer hash-shalom avikhem ha-zaken asher amartem ha-odenu chay.
'Vayish'al' means 'and he asked', 'lahem' means 'them', 'le-shalom' means 'for peace', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hash-shalom' means 'the peace', 'avikhem' means 'your father', 'ha-zaken' means 'the old man', 'asher' means 'who', 'amartem' means 'you said', 'ha-odenu' means 'still', 'chay' means 'alive'.
[GEN.43.28] And they said peace to your servant to our father still alive and they bowed and they worshiped. [§]
Vayomeru shalom leavdecha leavinu odenu chai vayikedu vayishtachu.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'leavdecha' means 'to your servant', 'leavinu' means 'to our father', 'odenu' means 'still', 'chai' means 'alive', 'vayikedu' means 'and they honored' or 'bowed', 'vayishtachu' means 'and they worshiped'.
[GEN.43.29] And he lifted his eyes and saw Benjamin, his brother, son of his mother, and said, "Is this your younger brother whom you said to me?" And he said, "the Gods will have mercy on you, my son." [§]
vayissa einav vayyar et-binyamin achiv ben-imo vayomer haze achichem hakaton asher amartem elai vayomar elohim yachnekha beni.
'vayissa' means 'and he lifted', 'einav' means 'his eyes', 'vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'et-binyamin' means 'Benjamin', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'ben-imo' means 'son of his mother', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'haze' means 'this', 'achichem' means 'your brother', 'hakaton' means 'the younger', 'asher' means 'who', 'amartem' means 'you said', 'elai' means 'to me', 'vayomar' means 'and he said', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the name), 'yachnekha' means 'will have mercy on you', 'beni' means 'my son'. The name Elohim is rendered literally as "the Gods" according to the translation rules.
[GEN.43.30] And Joseph hurried, because his compassion was restrained toward his brother, and he sought to weep; he entered the chamber and wept there. [§]
Vaymaher Yosef ki-nikhemru rachamav el achiv vayevakesh livkot vayavo hachadra vayevach shammah.
'Vaymaher' means 'and he hurried', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'ki' means 'because', 'nikhemru' means 'were restrained', 'rachamav' means 'his compassion', 'el' means 'toward', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'vayevakesh' means 'and he sought', 'livkot' means 'to weep', 'vayavo' means 'and he entered', 'hachadra' means 'the chamber', 'vayevach' means 'and he wept', 'shammah' means 'there'.
[GEN.43.31] He washed his face, went out, turned aside, and said, 'Set the bread.' [§]
vayirchatz panav vayyeitze vayitapek vayomer simu lahem.
'vayirchatz' means 'and he washed', referring to his face; 'panav' means 'his face'; 'vayyeitze' means 'and he went out'; 'vayitapek' means 'and he turned aside' or 'turned away'; 'vayomer' means 'and he said'; 'simu' means 'set' or 'place' (imperative plural); 'lahem' means 'the bread' (accusative).
[GEN.43.32] And they set him apart alone, and for them apart, and for the Egyptians who ate with him apart, because the Egyptians could not eat the bread of the Hebrews, for it was an abomination to Egypt. [§]
Vayassimu lo levaddo ve-lahen levaddam ve-la-mitzrim haochlim ito levaddam ki lo yukhlun ha-mitzrim leechol et haivrim lechem ki toevah hi le-mitzrayim.
'Vayassimu' means 'and they set', 'lo' means 'him', 'levaddo' means 'alone/by himself', 've-lahen' means 'and for them', 'levaddam' means 'separately/alone', 've-la-mitzrim' means 'and for the Egyptians', 'haochlim' means 'who eat/eating', 'ito' means 'with him', 'levaddam' means 'alone/separately', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yukhlun' means 'they could', 'ha-mitzrim' means 'the Egyptians', 'leechol' means 'to eat', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haivrim' means 'the Hebrews', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'ki' means 'for', 'toevah' means 'abomination', 'hi' means 'it', 'le-mitzrayim' means 'to Egypt'.
[GEN.43.33] They sat before him, the chief baker as his chief and the chief cupbearer as his chief, and the men were amazed at each other. [§]
Vayeshevu lefanav habekhor kibkhorato vehatsaa'ir kitsiarato vayitmehu ha'anashim ish el-reehu
'Vayeshevu' means 'they sat', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'habekhor' means 'the chief baker', 'kibkhorato' means 'as his chief' (literally 'according to his firstborn'), 've' is 'and', 'hatsaa'ir' means 'the chief cupbearer', 'kitsiarato' means 'as his chief' (literally 'according to his youth'), 'vayitmehu' means 'they were amazed', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'ish' means 'each', 'el' means 'to/toward', 'reehu' means 'his companion'.
[GEN.43.34] and he lifted burdens from his face to them, and it increased the burden of Benjamin from the burdens of all five hands, and they drank and they hired with him. [§]
vayisa masot me'et panav alehem vaterev masat binyaman mimmasot kulam chamesh yodot vayishtu vayiskeru imo.
'vayisa' means 'and he lifted', 'masot' means 'burdens', 'me'et' means 'from', 'panav' means 'his face', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'vaterev' means 'and it increased/grew', 'masat' means 'burden (of)', 'binyaman' means 'Benjamin', 'mimmasot' means 'from the burdens', 'kulam' means 'all of them', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'yodot' means 'hands', 'vayishtu' means 'and they drank', 'vayiskeru' means 'and they hired', 'imo' means 'with him'.
GEN.44
[GEN.44.1] And he commanded the one over his house, saying, Fill the men's amphorae with food as they could carry, and put each man's silver in the mouth of his amphora. [§]
Vayetzav et-asher al-beito le'emor male et-amtechot ha-anashim okhel ka'asher yuchlun se'et ve'sim kesef-ishi befi amtachto.
'Vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'et-asher' means 'the one who', 'al-beito' means 'over his house', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'male' means 'fill', 'et-amtechot' means 'the amphorae', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'okhel' means 'food', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'yuchlun' means 'they could', 'se'et' means 'carry', 've'sim' means 'and put', 'kesef-ishi' means 'each man's silver', 'befi' means 'in the mouth', 'amtachto' means 'of his amphora'.
[GEN.44.2] And my goblet, the silver goblet, you shall set in the mouth of the small underside, and the broken silver, and he did according to the word of Joseph which he spoke. [§]
Ve'et-gebiyi gevia hakeseph tasim befi amtachat hakaton ve'et keseph shivro vayas kidvar yosef asher diber.
'Ve'et' means 'and the', 'gebiyi' is a proper name meaning 'my goblet', 'gevia' means 'goblet', 'hakeseph' means 'the silver', 'tasim' means 'you will place', 'befi' means 'in the mouth', 'amtachat' means 'the underside' or 'lower part', 'hakaton' means 'the small', 've'et' again means 'and the', 'keseph' means 'silver', 'shivro' means 'its breaking' or 'broken', 'vayas' means 'and he did', 'kidvar' means 'according to the word', 'yosef' means 'Joseph', 'asher' means 'who', 'diber' means 'spoke'.
[GEN.44.3] The morning light, and the men were sent, they and their donkeys. [§]
haboker or veha'anashim shull'chu hem vachamoreihem.
'haboker' means 'the morning', 'or' means 'light', 'veha'anashim' means 'and the men', 'shull'chu' means 'were sent', 'hem' means 'they', 'vachamoreihem' means 'and their donkeys'.
[GEN.44.4] They went out of the city, they did not keep away, and Yosef said to the one over his house, 'Arise, pursue after the men, overtake them, and say to them, Why did you give evil in place of good?' [§]
Hem yatze'u et-ha'ir lo hirchiqu veYosef amar la'asher al-beito kum redof acharei ha-anashim vehisagetam ve'amarta alehem lama shillamtem ra'ah tachat tovah.
'Hem' means 'they', 'yatze'u' means 'went out', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'lo' means 'not', 'hirchiqu' means 'they kept away' or 'they withheld', 'veYosef' means 'and Yosef', 'amar' means 'said', 'la'asher' means 'to the one who', 'al-beito' means 'over his house' (i.e., the head of his household), 'kum' means 'arise' or 'go', 'redof' means 'pursue' or 'chase', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'vehisagetam' means 'and you will overtake them', 've'amarta' means 'and you shall say', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'lama' means 'why', 'shillamtem' means 'you paid' or 'you gave', 'ra'ah' means 'evil', 'tachat' means 'instead of' or 'under', 'tovah' means 'good'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation rules apply.
[GEN.44.5] Is not this the one who will drink my Lord in it, and he is a snake who will bite in it; you have done evil, which you have done. [§]
Haloo zeh asher yishté Adoni bo vehu nāchésh yenāchésh bo hāreʿotem asher asitem.
'Haloo' means 'Is not', 'zeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yishté' means 'will drink', 'Adoni' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH (Yahveh) and translates as 'my Lord', 'bo' means 'in it' or 'with it', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'nāchésh' means 'snake', 'yenāchésh' means 'will bite', the second 'bo' again 'in it', 'hāreʿotem' means 'you have done evil', the second 'asher' repeats 'that/which', and 'asitem' means 'you have done'.
[GEN.44.6] And he caused them to falter, and he spoke to them these words. [§]
Va-yashgem Va-yidaber alehem et-hadvarim ha'ele.
'Va-yashgem' means 'and he caused to stumble' or 'and he made them falter', 'Va-yidaber' means 'and he spoke', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'ha'ele' means 'these'.
[GEN.44.7] They said to him, 'Why do you speak, my Lord, concerning these things that cause terror to your servants to do this matter?' [§]
Vayomru elav lama yedaber adoni kadevarim haelleh chalila laavadecha measot kadavar haze.
'Vayomru' means 'they said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'lama' means 'why', 'yedaber' means 'will speak' or 'speaks', 'adoni' means 'my Lord' (the literal translation of Adonai), 'kadevarim' means 'like the words' or 'concerning the things', 'haelleh' means 'these', 'chalila' means 'terror' or 'fear', 'laavadecha' means 'to your servants', 'measot' means 'to do' or 'to perform', 'kadavar' means 'the matter' or 'the thing', 'haze' means 'this'.
[GEN.44.8] Behold the silver that we found in the mouth of our cups; return it to you from the land of Canaan, and how it was stolen from the house of your Lord, silver or gold. [§]
Hen kesef asher matzanu befi amtechoteinu heshibonu elekha me'erets kena'an ve'eykh nignav mibeit adonecha kesef o zahav.
'Hen' means 'behold', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'matzanu' means 'we found', 'befi' means 'in the mouth of', 'amtechoteinu' means 'our cups' (literally 'our measures'), 'heshibonu' means 'return us' or 'send back', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'me'erets' means 'from the land of', 'kena'an' means 'Canaan', 've'eykh' means 'and how', 'nignav' means 'stolen', 'mibeit' means 'from the house of', 'adonecha' is a form of the divine name Adonai and is rendered literally as 'your Lord', 'kesef' again 'silver', 'o' means 'or', 'zahav' means 'gold'. The divine name Adonai is translated literally as 'my Lord', so in the possessive form 'adonecha' it becomes 'your Lord'. No other divine names appear in this verse.
[GEN.44.9] Whoever finds him among your servants shall die, and we also shall become servants to my Lord. [§]
asher yimatzeh itto meavadecha ve met vegam anachnu niheyeh laadoni laavadim.
'asher' means 'who' or 'that'; 'yimatzeh' means 'will find'; 'itto' means 'with him'; 'meavadecha' means 'from your servants' (the second person plural possessive of 'servant'); 've' is the conjunction 'and'; 'met' means 'dies' or 'will die'; 'vegam' means 'and also'; 'anachnu' means 'we'; 'niheyeh' means 'will be' or 'shall become'; 'laadoni' is 'to my Lord' (Adoni translated literally as 'my Lord'); 'laavadim' means 'as servants' or 'to the servants'.
[GEN.44.10] And he said, also now, as your words, so he is who will find with him will be my servant, and you shall be pure. [§]
Vayomer gam-atah kedivreihem ken-hu asher yimatzeh ito yihyeh li aved ve-atem tihyu nekiym.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'gam-atah' means 'also now', 'kedivreihem' means 'as your words', 'ken-hu' means 'so he is', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'yimatzeh' means 'will find', 'ito' means 'with him', 'yihyeh li' means 'will be to me', 'aved' means 'servant', 've-atem' means 'and you', 'tihyu' means 'you shall be', 'nekiym' means 'pure'.
[GEN.44.11] They hurried and they brought down a man, his underlings, to the earth; they opened a man, his underlings. [§]
vaymahru vayordu ish et-amtachto artzah vayift'chu ish amtachto.
'vaymahru' means 'they hurried', 'vayordu' means 'they descended' or 'they brought down', 'ish' means 'man', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'amtachto' (am + tachti) conveys 'his underlings' or 'the one beneath him', 'artzah' means 'the earth' or 'the land', 'vayift'chu' means 'they opened', the second 'ish' again means 'man', and the final 'amtachto' repeats 'his underlings'.
[GEN.44.12] He searched the great for a beginning and the small for an end, and he found the mighty one in the depths of Benjamin. [§]
Va-yechapess ba-gadol hechél u‑ba‑katon kilah va‑yimmatse ha‑gavi'a be‑emtachat Binyamin.
'Va-yechapess' means 'and he searched', 'ba-gadol' means 'in the great/large', 'hechél' means 'the beginning', 'u‑ba‑katon' means 'and in the small', 'kilah' means 'the end/finished', 'va‑yimmatse' means 'and he found', 'ha‑gavi'a' means 'the mighty one', 'be‑emtachat' means 'in the depth/bottom', 'Binyamin' is the proper name 'Benjamin'.
[GEN.44.13] And they tore their cloaks, and each man mounted his donkey, and they turned back to the city. [§]
vayikreu shimlotam vayamoss ish al hamoro vayashuv ha'ira.
'vayikreu' means 'and they tore', 'shimlotam' means 'their cloaks', 'vayamoss' means 'and each man mounted', 'ish' means 'a man' or 'each man', 'al' means 'upon', 'hamoro' means 'his donkey', 'vayashuv' means 'and they turned back', 'ha'ira' means 'the city' (with the preposition indicating direction).
[GEN.44.14] And Judah and his brothers came into Joseph's house, and he was still there, and they fell before him on the land. [§]
Vayavo Yehudah ve'echav beita Yosef vehu odenu sham vayiflu lefanav artzah.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 've'echav' means 'and his brothers', 'beita' means 'into the house', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'odenu' means 'still', 'sham' means 'there', 'vayiflu' means 'and they fell', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'artzah' means 'the land'.
[GEN.44.15] And Joseph said to them, 'What is this deed that you have done? Did you not know that a snake will bite a man like me?' [§]
Vayoamer lahem Yosef ma-ha-ma'aseh ha-zeh asher asitem hal'o yedatem ki nachash yenachash ish asher kamoni.
'Vayoamer' means 'and he said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'ma-ha-ma'aseh' means 'what is the deed/act', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asitem' means 'you did', 'hal'o' means 'did not', 'yedatem' means 'you know', 'ki' means 'that/because', 'nachash' means 'a snake', 'yenachash' means 'will bite', 'ish' means 'a man', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'kamoni' means 'like me'.
[GEN.44.16] And Judah said, 'What shall be said to my Lord? What shall we speak and what shall be justified? The Gods have found the sin of your servants. Here they are, servants to my Lord, also we also, who is found the mighty one in his hand.' [§]
Vayomer Yehudah ma-nomar la-Adoni ma-nedaber u-ma nitz'tadak haElohim matza et avon avadecha hinennu avadim la-Adoni gam anachnu gam asher nimtza hagavi'a b'yado.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yehudah' is the proper name 'Judah', 'ma-nomar' means 'what shall be said', 'la-Adoni' means 'to my Lord', 'ma-nedaber' means 'what shall we speak', 'u-ma' means 'and what', 'nitz'tadak' means 'shall be justified', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'matza' means 'has found', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'avon' means 'sin', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'hinennu' means 'here they are', 'avadim' means 'servants', 'la-Adoni' again 'to my Lord', 'gam' means 'also', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'asher' means 'who', 'nimtza' means 'is found', 'hagavi'a' means 'the mighty one', 'b'yado' means 'in his hand'.
[GEN.44.17] And he said, 'I am afraid to do this: the man who is found the strong in his hand will be my servant, and you go in peace to your father.' [§]
Vayomer chalilah li me'asot zot ha'ish asher nimtza haggavi'a beyado hu yihye li eved veatem alu leshalom el avikhem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'chalilah' means 'I am afraid', 'li' means 'to me', 'me'asot' means 'to do', 'zot' means 'this', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'nimtza' means 'is found', 'haggavi'a' means 'the strong' or 'the man of valor', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'hu' means 'he', 'yihye li' means 'will be to me', 'eved' means 'servant', 'veatem' means 'and you (plural)', 'alu' means 'go up' or 'go', 'leshalom' means 'in peace', 'el avikhem' means 'to your father'.
[GEN.44.18] And Judah approached him and said, "My Lord, let your servant speak a word in the ears of my Lord, and do not let your anger be kindled against your servant, because you are like Pharaoh." [§]
Vayigash elav Yehudah vayomer bi adoni yedaberna avdecha davar beoznei adoni veal yichar afcha beavdecha ki kamocha kPharaoh.
'Vayigash' means 'and he approached', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yehudah' is the name 'Judah', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'bi' means 'my' (in this context as part of address), 'adoni' means 'my Lord' (literal translation of the divine title Adonai), 'yedaberna' means 'let (him) speak, please', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'davar' means 'a word', 'beoznei' means 'in the ears of', 'veal' means 'and do not', 'yichar' means 'be angry', 'afcha' means 'your anger', 'beavdecha' means 'against your servant', 'ki' means 'because', 'kamocha' means 'like you', 'kPharaoh' means 'like Pharaoh'.
[GEN.44.19] My Lord asked his servants, saying, 'Do you have a father or a brother?' [§]
Adoni sha'al et avadai lemor hayesh lachem av o ach.
'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'sha'al' means 'asked', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'avadai' means 'his servants', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'hayesh' means 'is there', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'av' means 'father', 'o' means 'or', 'ach' means 'brother'.
[GEN.44.20] And we said to my Lord, there is for us an old father and a small child of the old, and his brother is dead, and he remained alone, to his mother, and his father loved him. [§]
Va-nomer el-Adoni yesh lanu av zakein ve-yeled zekunim katan ve-achiv met va-yivater hu levado le-immo ve-aviv ahevo.
'Va-nomer' means 'and we said', 'el-Adoni' means 'to my Lord', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'av' means 'father', 'zakein' means 'old', 've-yeled' means 'and a child', 'zekunim' means 'old ones' (plural), 'katan' means 'small', 've-achiv' means 'and his brother', 'met' means 'dead', 'va-yivater' means 'and he remained', 'hu' means 'he', 'levado' means 'alone', 'le-immo' means 'to his mother', 've-aviv' means 'and his father', 'ahevo' means 'loved him'.
[GEN.44.21] And she said to your servants, bring him down to me, and I will set my eye upon him. [§]
Vatomer el avdecha horiduhu elai veashima eyni alav.
'Vatomer' means 'and she said', 'el' means 'to', 'avdecha' means 'your servants', 'horiduhu' means 'bring him down', 'elai' means 'to me', 'veashima' means 'and I will set', 'eyni' means 'my eye', 'alav' means 'upon him'.
[GEN.44.22] And we said to my Lord, the boy cannot leave his father, and he left his father and died. [§]
va-noamer el-Adoni lo yukhal ha-na'ar la'azov et-aviv ve'azav et-aviv va-met.
'va-noamer' means 'and we said', 'el-Adoni' means 'to my Lord', 'lo' means 'not' or 'no', 'yukhal' means 'can' or 'is able', 'ha-na'ar' means 'the boy', 'la'azov' means 'to leave', 'et-aviv' means 'his father' (the direct‑object marker et plus aviv = his father), 've'azav' means 'and he left', 'va-met' means 'and he died'.
[GEN.44.23] And she said to her servants, "If your little brother does not descend with you, you shall not add to seeing my face." [§]
Vatoamer el-avdecha im lo yered achikhem haqaton itchem lo tosifun lirot pani.
'Vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'el-avdecha' means 'to your servants', 'im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'yered' means 'will go down/descend', 'achikhem' means 'your brother', 'haqaton' means 'the little', 'itchem' means 'with you', 'lo' (second) means 'not', 'tosifun' means 'you will add/continue', 'lirot' means 'to see', 'pani' means 'my face'.
[GEN.44.24] And it happened that we went to your servant my father and we told him the words of my Lord. [§]
Vayehi ki alinu el avdeka avi vannaged lo et divrei adoni.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'alinu' means 'upon us' or 'against us', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'avi' means 'my father', 'vannaged' means 'we reported' or 'we told', 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is a direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'divrei' means 'words of', 'adoni' means 'my Lord' (the name Adonai rendered literally).
[GEN.44.25] And our father said, 'Return and break a little food for us.' [§]
Vayomer avinu shuvu shivru lanu meat okhel.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'avinu' means 'our father', 'shuvu' means 'return' (imperative), 'shivru' means 'break' (imperative), 'lanu' means 'for us', 'meat' means 'a little', 'okhel' means 'food'.
[GEN.44.26] And we said, we cannot go down if our little brother is with us, and we will go down, for we cannot see the man's face, and our little brother is not with us. [§]
Va'no'amer lo nuchal la'redet im yesh achinu ha katan itanu ve yaaradnu ki lo nuchal lirot p'nei ha ish ve achinu ha katan einenu itanu.
'Va'no'amer' means 'and we said', 'lo' means 'not', 'nuchal' means 'we can' (negative context gives 'cannot'), 'la'redet' means 'to go down', 'im' means 'if', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'achinu' means 'our brother', 'ha katan' means 'the little', 'itanu' means 'with us', 've yaaradnu' means 'and we will go down', 'ki' means 'for', 'lo nuchal lirot' means 'we cannot see', 'p'nei' means 'the face of', 'ha ish' means 'the man', 've achinu ha katan' means 'and our little brother', 'einenu' means 'is not (with) us', 'itanu' repeats 'with us'.
[GEN.44.27] And your servant, my father, said to us, 'You know that my wife gave birth to two for me.' [§]
Vayomer avdecha avi eleinu atem yedatem ki shenayim yaldah-li ishti.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'avi' means 'my father', 'eleinu' means 'to us', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'yedatem' means 'you know', 'ki' means 'that/because', 'shenayim' means 'two', 'yaldah-li' means 'bore to me' or 'gave birth for me', 'ishti' means 'my wife'. No divine name appears in this verse that requires special translation.
[GEN.44.28] And the one went out from my [place]; and I said, 'Only a plunderer, a plunderer'; and I had not seen him until now. [§]
Vayetze ha'echad mei'iti va'omar ach tarof toraf velo re'iti ad hena.
'Vayetze' means 'went out', 'ha'echad' means 'the one', 'mei'iti' means 'from my [place]', 'va'omar' means 'and I said', 'ach' means 'only', 'tarof' means 'plunderer' (or 'robber'), 'toraf' repeats the same noun for emphasis, 'velo' means 'and not', 're'iti' means 'I saw', 'ad' means 'until', 'hena' means 'now'.
[GEN.44.29] And also you took this away from before my face, and you called it a prison, and you brought my support down into an evil inquiry. [§]
Ulekachetem gam-et-ze me'im panai veqarahu ason vehoradtem et-seivati braah sheola.
'Ulekachetem' means 'and you took', 'gam' means 'also', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'ze' means 'this', 'me'im' means 'from (the presence of)', 'panai' means 'my face', 'veqarahu' means 'and you called him/it', 'ason' means 'prison', 'vehoradtem' means 'and you brought down', 'et' again the accusative marker, 'seivati' means 'my support' or 'my assistance', 'braah' means 'in evil', 'sheola' means 'question' or 'inquiry'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name is required.
[GEN.44.30] And now come to your servant, my father, and the lad is not with us, and his soul is bound in his soul. [§]
Ve'atta kevoi el avdeka avi ve-hana'ar einenu itanu ve-napsho keshurah be-napsho.
'Ve'atta' means 'and now', 'kevoi' is the imperative form of 'come', 'el' means 'to', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'avi' means 'my father', 've-hana'ar' means 'and the lad', 'einenu' means 'is not', 'itanu' means 'with us', 've-napsho' means 'and his soul', 'keshurah' means 'bound', 'be-napsho' means 'in his soul'.
[GEN.44.31] And it shall be, when he sees that there is no lad and (he) is dead, and they will bring down your servants the remains of your servant, our father, in bitter anguish. [§]
vehayah kirooto ki ein hanna'ar vamed vehoridu avadecha etseivat avdecha avinu beyagon sheolah.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'kirooto' means 'when he sees it', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'hanna'ar' means 'the lad', 'vamed' means 'and (he) died', 'vehoridu' means 'and they will bring down', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'etseivat' means 'the remains', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'avinu' means 'our father', 'beyagon' means 'in bitterness' or 'with anguish', 'sheolah' means 'a question' or 'a request', often understood as 'in a bitter request'.
[GEN.44.32] Because your servant stayed up with the young man from my father to say, 'If I do not bring him to you, I have sinned against my father all the days.' [§]
Ki avdecha arav et ha-na'ar me'im avi le'emor im lo avie'ennu elyekha vechatati le'avi kol-hayamim.
'Ki' means 'because', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'arav' means 'mixed' or 'stayed up', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-na'ar' means 'the young man', 'me'im' means 'from with', 'avi' means 'my father', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'avie'ennu' means 'I will bring him', 'elyekha' means 'to you', 'vechatati' means 'and I have sinned', 'le'avi' means 'to my father', 'kol-hayamim' means 'all the days'.
[GEN.44.33] Now, please sit, your servant, under the boy, a servant to my Lord, and the boy will go up with his brothers. [§]
ve'attah yeshav-na avdeka tachat ha-na'ar eved la'adoni veha-na'ar ya'al im-echav.
've'attah' means 'and now', 'yeshav-na' means 'please sit', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'tachat' means 'under', 'ha-na'ar' means 'the boy', 'eved' means 'servant', 'la'adoni' means 'to my Lord', 'veha-na'ar' means 'and the boy', 'ya'al' means 'will go up', 'im' means 'with', 'echav' means 'his brothers'.
[GEN.44.34] For how shall I go up to my father, and the boy is not with me, lest I see the evil that he will find my father. [§]
Ki eich e'eleh el-avi ve-hana'ar einenu iti pen ereh var'a asher yimtza et-avi.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'eich' means 'how', 'e'eleh' means 'I will go up' or 'I shall ascend', 'el-avi' means 'to my father', 've-hana'ar' means 'and the boy', 'einenu' means 'is not' or 'he is not', 'iti' means 'with me', 'pen' means 'lest' or 'for fear that', 'ereh' means 'I will see', 'var'a' means 'the evil' or 'the harmful thing', 'asher' means 'that', 'yimtza' means 'he will find', 'et-avi' means 'my father' (object marker).
GEN.45
[GEN.45.1] And Joseph could not be humbled before all those who stood against him; he called, 'Let every man be taken away from me,' and no man stood with him when Joseph confessed to his brothers. [§]
Ve'lo yakol Yosef lehitapek lekhol hanitzavim alav vayikra hotziu kol ish me'alai ve'lo amod ish ito be'hitvada Yosef el achav.
'Ve'lo' means 'and not', 'yakol' means 'could', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'lehitapek' means 'to be ashamed or to be humbled', 'lekhol' means 'to all', 'hanitzavim' means 'the standing ones' or 'those who stand against', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'hotziu' means 'they should bring out' or 'let them bring out', 'kol' means 'all', 'ish' means 'man', 'me'alai' means 'from over me' or 'away from me', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'amod' means 'stood', 'ish' means 'a man', 'ito' means 'with him', 'be'hitvada' means 'in confession' or 'in revealing', 'Yosef' again the name Joseph, 'el' means 'to', 'achav' means 'his brothers'.
[GEN.45.2] And He gave his voice in weeping, and Egypt heard, and He heard the house of Pharaoh. [§]
Vayiten et kolo bibki vayishmeu Mitzrayim vayishma beit Paroh.
'Vayiten' means 'and He gave', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kolo' means 'his voice', 'bibki' means 'in weeping', 'vayishmeu' means 'and [they] heard', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vayishma' means 'and He heard', 'beit' means 'house of', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh'.
[GEN.45.3] And he said Joseph to his brothers I am Joseph is my father still alive and they could not answer him because they were troubled before him. [§]
Vayomer Yosef el achav ani Yosef ha od avi chai velo yachlu achav laanot oto ki nivhalu mipaneiv.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'el' means 'to', 'achav' means 'his brothers', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yosef' again 'Joseph', 'ha' means 'the', 'od' means 'still', 'avi' means 'my father', 'chai' means 'alive', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yachlu' means 'they could', 'achav' again 'his brothers', 'laanot' means 'to answer', 'oto' means 'him', 'ki' means 'because', 'nivhalu' means 'they were troubled', 'mipaneiv' means 'before him'.
[GEN.45.4] And Joseph said to his brothers, 'Come now to me,' and they came near, and he said, 'I am Joseph, your brother, whom you sold to Egypt.' [§]
vayomer Yosef el achav geshu na elai vayigashu vayomer ani Yosef achikhem asher mekartem oti mitzrayimah.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'el' means 'to', 'achav' means 'his brothers', 'geshu' means 'come', 'na' means 'now', 'elai' means 'to me', 'vayigashu' means 'and they came near', 'ani' means 'I', 'achikhem' means 'your brother', 'asher' means 'who', 'mekartem' means 'you sold', 'oti' means 'me', 'mitzrayimah' means 'in Egypt'.
[GEN.45.5] And now do not be troubled, and do not be angry in your eyes, because you have sold me for this, for life has sent me the Gods before you. [§]
veatah al-teatzvu veal yichar beeynekhem ki-mecharatem oti henna ki le-michya shlachani elohim lifneikhem.
"veatah" means "and now", "al-teatzvu" means "do not be troubled", "veal" means "and do not", "yichar" means "be angry", "beeynekhem" means "in your eyes", "ki-mecharatem" means "because you have sold", "oti" means "me", "henna" means "for this", "ki" means "for", "le-michya" means "to life", "shlachani" means "sent me", "elohim" means "the Gods", "lifneikhem" means "before you".
[GEN.45.6] For this, two years of famine in the midst of the land, and still five years in which there is no plowing and no harvest. [§]
ki-ze shenatayim ha-raav be-kerev ha-aretz ve-od chamesh shanim asher eyn charish ve-katsir.
'ki-ze' means 'for this', 'shenatayim' means 'two years', 'ha-raav' means 'the famine', 'be-kerev' means 'in the midst', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land', 've-od' means 'and still', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'shanim' means 'years', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'eyn' means 'there is not', 'charish' means 'plowing', 've-katsir' means 'and harvest'.
[GEN.45.7] And God sent me before you to set for you the remainder of the earth and to give you a great deliverance. [§]
Vayishlacheni Elohim lifneihem lashuum lachem she'erit baaretz ulehachayot lachem lefitah gedolah.
'Vayishlacheni' means 'and sent me', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'lifneihem' means 'before you (plural)', 'lashuum' means 'to cause, to set', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'she'erit' means 'the remainder, the leftover', 'baaretz' means 'in the land/earth', 'ulehachayot' means 'and to give life', 'lachem' repeats 'for you', 'lefitah' means 'for deliverance/salvation', 'gedolah' means 'great'.
[GEN.45.8] And now you have not sent me here because the Gods placed me as a father to Pharaoh and as Lord over all his house and ruler over all the land of Egypt. [§]
veatah lo atem shelakhtem oti henna ki haElohim vayasimeini leav lepharo uladon lekholbeitoh umoshel becholaretz Mitzrayim
'veatah' means 'and now', 'lo' means 'not', 'atem' means 'you' (plural), 'shelakhtem' means 'sent' (you sent), 'oti' means 'me', 'henna' means 'here', 'ki' means 'because', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'vayasimeini' means 'and he placed me', 'leav' means 'as father', 'lepharo' means 'as Pharaoh', 'uladon' means 'and as Lord', 'lekholbeitoh' means 'over all his house', 'umoshel' means 'and ruler', 'becholaretz' means 'over all the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[GEN.45.9] Make haste and ascend to my father, and say to him: Thus says your son Joseph, the Gods have set me as lord over all Egypt; come down to me, do not stay. [§]
Maharu va'alu el-abi ve'amartem elav koh amar bencha Yosef samani Elohim le'Adon le'chol-Mitzrayim redah elai al-ta'amod.
'Maharu' means 'make haste', 'va'alu' means 'and ascend', 'el-abi' means 'to my father', 've'amartem' means 'and say to him', 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'says', 'bencha' means 'your son', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'samani' means 'has set me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'le'Adon' means 'as lord', 'le'chol-Mitzrayim' means 'over all Egypt', 'redah' means 'come down', 'elai' means 'to me', 'al-ta'amod' means 'do not stay'.
[GEN.45.10] And you shall dwell in the land of Goshen, and you shall be close to me, you and your sons and the sons of your sons, and your sheep and your cattle, and all that is yours. [§]
ve-yashavta be-eretz-goshen ve-hayita karov elay atah u-vanekha u-venei-vanekha ve-tzoankha u-vekarakha ve-khol-asher-lakh.
've-' is the conjunction 'and', 'yashavta' means 'you shall dwell', 'be-eretz' means 'in the land', 'goshen' is the place name Goshen, 've-' again means 'and', 'hayita' means 'you shall be', 'karov' means 'close', 'elay' means 'to me', 'atah' means 'you', 'u-' means 'and', 'vanekha' means 'your sons', 'u-venei-vanekha' means 'and the sons of your sons', 've-' again means 'and', 'tzoankha' means 'your sheep', 'u-vekarakha' means 'and your cattle', 've-' again means 'and', 'khol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lakh' means 'yours'.
[GEN.45.11] And I will completely destroy you there because still five years of famine, lest you and your house and all that is yours be destroyed. [§]
vekhilkaltiti otkha sham ki od chamesh shanim ra'av pen ti-varesh atah uveitekha ve-khol asher lakh.
'vekhilkaltiti' means 'and I will completely destroy', 'otkha' means 'you (masc.)', 'sham' means 'there', 'ki' means 'because', 'od' means 'still', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'shanim' means 'years', 'ra'av' means 'famine', 'pen' means 'lest', 'ti-varesh' means 'you will be ruined/destroyed', 'atah' means 'you', 'uveitekha' means 'and your house', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lakh' means 'is yours'.
[GEN.45.12] And behold, your eyes see and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, for my mouth the one speaking to you. [§]
vehine einaychem root veine achi Binyamin ki pi hamdabber aleichem.
'vehine' means 'and behold', 'einaychem' means 'your eyes', 'root' means 'see' (feminine plural), 'veine' means 'and the eyes', 'achi' means 'my brother', 'Binyamin' is the proper name 'Benjamin', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'pi' means 'my mouth', 'hamdabber' means 'the one speaking', 'aleichem' means 'to you (plural)'.
[GEN.45.13] And you shall tell my father all my glory in Egypt, and all that you saw, and you hastened and brought down my father here. [§]
ve-higadtem le-abi et-kol-kevodi be-Mitsrayim ve-et kol asher reitem u-mihartem ve-horadtem et-abi henna.
've' means 'and', 'higadtem' means 'you shall tell', 'le-abi' means 'to my father', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'kevodi' means 'my glory', 'be-Mitsrayim' means 'in Egypt', 've-et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'reitem' means 'you saw', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'mihartem' means 'you hastened', 've-horadtem' means 'and you brought down', 'et-abi' means 'my father', 'henna' means 'here'.
[GEN.45.14] And he fell upon Benjamin his brother's vessels and he wept, and Benjamin wept upon his vessels. [§]
Vayippol al tzavrei Binyamin achiv vayevach uBinyamin bakha al tzavvarav.
'Vayippol' means 'and he fell', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'tzavrei' is the construct form of 'tzavar' meaning 'vessels' or 'jugs', 'Binyamin' is the personal name Benjamin, 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'vayevach' means 'and he wept', 'uBinyamin' means 'and Benjamin', 'bakha' means 'wept' or 'cried', and the second 'tzavvarav' means 'his vessels' (the vessels belonging to him).
[GEN.45.15] And he kissed all his brothers and he wept over them, and after that his brothers spoke with him. [§]
Vayenashék lechol-echav vayévekh aléhem ve'ácharéy kén dibrú echav itó.
'Vayenashék' means 'and he kissed', 'lechol-echav' means 'to all his brothers', 'vayévekh' means 'and he wept', 'aléhem' means 'over them', 've'ácharéy' means 'and after', 'kén' means 'that', 'dibrú' means 'they spoke', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'itó' means 'with him'.
[GEN.45.16] And the word was heard in Pharaoh's house, saying, 'The brothers of Joseph have come,' and it was pleasing in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of his servants. [§]
Vehaqol nishma beit Paroh le'emor ba'u achi Yosef vayitav be'eney Paroh uve'eney avadav.
'Vehaqol' means 'and the word', 'nishma' means 'was heard', 'beit' means 'house', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ba'u' means 'they have come', 'achi' means 'brothers', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vayitav' means 'it was pleasing', 'be'eney' means 'in the eyes of', the second 'Paroh' repeats the name, and 'uve'eney avadav' means 'and in the eyes of his servants'.
[GEN.45.17] And Pharaoh said to Joseph, "Tell your brothers, do this, bring your city, and go, enter the land of Canaan." [§]
Vayyomer Pharaoh el-Yosef, "Emor el-ahchecha zot asu, ta'anu et-be'irchem, ulekhu-vo'u artzah Kena'an."
"Vayyomer" means "and he said"; "Pharaoh" is the title of the Egyptian ruler; "el-Yosef" means "to Joseph"; "Emor" means "say"; "el-ahchecha" means "to your brothers"; "zot" means "this"; "asu" means "do"; "ta'anu" means "bring"; "et-be'irchem" means "your city"; "ulekhu-vo'u" means "and go, come"; "artzah" means "land"; "Kena'an" means "Canaan".
[GEN.45.18] Take your fathers and your daughters and come to me, and I will give you the good of the land of Egypt, and you will eat the grain of the land. [§]
Ukechu et-Avikhem ve-et-Bateikhem uvo'u elai ve-etnah lakhem et-tuv eretz Mitzrayim ve-ichlu et-heleb haaretz.
'Ukechu' means 'Take', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Avikhem' means 'your fathers', 've-et' means 'and', 'Bateikhem' means 'your daughters', 'uvo'u' means 'and come', 'elai' means 'to me', 've-etnah' means 'and I will give', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'et-tuv' means 'the good/benefit', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've-ichlu' means 'and you will eat', 'et-heleb' means 'the grain/wheat', 'haaretz' means 'the land'.
[GEN.45.19] And you were commanded to do this: take for yourselves from the land of Egypt bags for your livestock and for your wives, and you shall carry your fathers and go. [§]
Ve'atta tzuvetah zot asu, k'chu-lachem me'eretz Mitzrayim agalot le'tapchem ve'linasheikhem, u'nasatem et avichem u'vatem.
'Ve'atta' means 'and you', 'tzuvetah' means 'were commanded', 'zot' means 'this', 'asu' means 'to do', 'k'chu' means 'take', 'lachem' means 'for yourselves', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'agalot' means 'bags', 'le'tapchem' means 'for your livestock', 've'linasheikhem' means 'and for your wives', 'u'nasatem' means 'and you shall carry/bring up', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'avichem' means 'your fathers', 'u'vatem' means 'and you shall come'.
[GEN.45.20] And your eyes, do not trust in your possessions, for the whole land of Egypt is good for you. [§]
ve'einechem al tachos al k'leichem ki tov kol aretz Mitzrayim lakhem hu.
've'einechem' means 'and your eyes', 'al' means 'do not', 'tachos' means 'trust or hope', 'al' means 'in/on', 'k'leichem' means 'your vessels or possessions', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'tov' means 'good', 'kol' means 'all', 'aretz' means 'land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lakhem' means 'to you' or 'for you', 'hu' means 'it' or 'he'.
[GEN.45.21] And the children of Israel did so, and Joseph gave them gifts at the command of Pharaoh, and he gave them provisions for the journey. [§]
Vayya'asu-ken b'nei Yisrael vayiten lahem Yosef agalot al-pi Paroh vayiten lahem tzedah la-derekh.
'Vayya'asu-ken' means 'and they did thus', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'agalot' means 'gifts' or 'presents', 'al-pi' means 'at the command of' (literally 'by the mouth of'), 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'vayiten' again means 'and he gave', 'tzedah' means 'provision' or 'food', 'la-derekh' means 'for the way' or 'for the journey'.
[GEN.45.22] To all he gave each man a change of robes, and to Benjamin he gave three hundred silver and five changes of robes. [§]
Lechullam natan la'ish chalifot semalot ulevinyamin natan shlosh me'ot kesef ve'camesh chalifot semalot.
'Lechullam' means 'to all', 'natan' means 'he gave', 'la'ish' means 'to each man', 'chalifot' means 'changes' (plural of 'change'), 'semalot' means 'robes', 'ulevinyamin' means 'and to Benjamin', 'shlosh' means 'three', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'kesef' means 'silver', 've'camesh' means 'and five', the second 'chalifot semalot' repeats 'changes of robes'.
[GEN.45.23] And to his father he sent like this ten donkeys carrying a load of spices from Egypt and ten donkeys carrying barley, bread and provisions for his father on the way. [§]
Uleaviv shalach kezo't asara chamorim noseim mituv Mitzrayim veesar atonot noseot bar va lechem u mazun leaviv laderech.
'Uleaviv' means 'and to his father', 'shalach' means 'he sent', 'kezo''t' means 'like this', 'asara' means 'ten', 'chamorim' means 'donkeys', 'noseim' means 'carrying', 'mituv' means 'a load of spices', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'veesar' means 'and ten', 'atonot' means 'donkeys', 'noseot' means 'carrying', 'bar' means 'barley', 'va lechem' means 'and bread', 'u mazun' means 'and provisions', 'leaviv' means 'to his father', 'laderech' means 'on the way'.
[GEN.45.24] And he sent his brothers and they went, and he said to them, Do not be angry on the road. [§]
va-yeshalach et echav va-yelechu va-yomer alehem al tirgezu ba-derek.
'va-yeshalach' means 'and he sent', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (often untranslated), 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'va-yelechu' means 'and they went', 'va-yomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'al' means 'do not', 'tirgezu' means 'be angry' (imperative plural), 'ba-derek' means 'on the road'.
[GEN.45.25] And they went up from Egypt and came into the land of Canaan to Jacob their father. [§]
vayyalu mimitzrayim vayavohu eretz kenaan el-Yaakov aviham.
'vayyalu' means 'and they went up', 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'vayavohu' means 'and they came', 'eretz' means 'land', 'kena'an' means 'of Canaan', 'el-Yaakov' means 'to Jacob', 'aviham' means 'their father'.
[GEN.45.26] And they reported to him, saying, Joseph is still alive and that he rules over all the land of Egypt, and his heart sank because he did not believe them. [§]
vayyigidu lo leemor od yosef chai vechi-hu moshel bechol eretz mitzrayim vayafag libo ki lo heemin lahem.
'vayyigidu' means 'they reported', 'lo' means 'to him', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'od' means 'still', 'yosef' means 'Joseph', 'chai' means 'alive', 'vechi-hu' means 'and that he', 'moshel' means 'rules', 'bechol eretz' means 'over all the land', 'mitzrayim' means 'of Egypt', 'vayafag' means 'and his heart sank', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo heemin' means 'he did not believe', 'lahem' means 'them'.
[GEN.45.27] And they spoke to him all the words of Joseph which he had spoken to them, and he saw the bundles which Joseph sent to carry him, and the spirit of Jacob their father revived. [§]
vayedabru elav et kol-dibre yosef asher diber alehem vayare et ha'aglot asher shalach yosef laset oto vatechi ruach yaakov avihim.
'vayedabru' means 'and they spoke', 'elav' means 'to him', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol-dibre' means 'all the words', 'yosef' means 'Joseph', 'asher' means 'which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'vayare' means 'and he saw', 'et' again the object marker, 'ha'aglot' means 'the bundles', 'asher' again 'which', 'shalach' means 'sent', 'yosef' again 'Joseph', 'laset' means 'to carry', 'oto' means 'him', 'vatechi' means 'and revived', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'avihim' means 'their father'.
[GEN.45.28] And Israel said, 'Joseph is still alive, my son lives; let us go and see him before I die.' [§]
Vayomer Yisrael rav od Yosef beni chay elka ve'erenu be'terem amut.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yisrael' is the proper name Israel, 'rav' means 'much' or 'greatly', 'od' means 'still' or 'again', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'beni' means 'my son', 'chay' means 'alive', 'elka' means 'let us go', 've'erenu' means 'and we will see him', 'be'terem' means 'before', 'amut' means 'I will die'.
GEN.46
[GEN.46.1] And Israel set out with all that was his, and came to the plain of Shaveh, and offered sacrifices to the Gods of his father Isaac. [§]
vayyissa Yisrael vechol asher lo vayyavo be'erah shava vayyizbach zvachim leElohei aviv Yitzchak.
'vayyissa' means 'and he set out', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lo' means 'his', 'vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'be'erah' means 'to the plain', 'shava' is a place name 'Shaveh', 'vayyizbach' means 'and he offered', 'zvachim' means 'sacrifices', 'leElohei' means 'to the Gods', 'aviv' means 'of his father', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac'.
[GEN.46.2] And the Gods said to Israel in the visions of the night, Jacob, Jacob, and he said, Here I am. [§]
Vayomer Elohim leYisrael bemarot haleila vayomer Yaakov Yaakov vayomer hineini.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'leYisrael' means 'to Israel', 'bemarot' means 'in the visions', 'haleila' means 'of the night', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, the repetition 'Yaakov' is Jacob calling himself, and 'hineini' means 'here I am' or 'behold me'.
[GEN.46.3] And he said I the God, God of your father, do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for I will make you a great nation there. [§]
Vayomer anokhi haEl Elohei avikha al tira merda Mitzrayimah ki legoy gadol asimkha sham.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'anokhi' means 'I', 'haEl' means 'the God', 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'al' means 'do not', 'tira' means 'be afraid', 'merda' means 'to go down', 'Mitzrayimah' means 'Egypt', 'ki' means 'for', 'legoy' means 'to a nation', 'gadol' means 'great', 'asimkha' means 'I will make you', 'sham' means 'there'.
[GEN.46.4] I will go down with you from Egypt, and I will lift you also up, and Joseph will place his hand upon your eyes. [§]
Anochi ered imcha Mitzrayimah ve-anokhi e'alcha gam-alo ve-Yosef yashit yado al-einecha.
"Anochi" means "I", "ered" means "will go down" or "descend", "imcha" means "with you", "Mitzrayimah" means "Egypt", "ve-anokhi" means "and I", "e'alcha" means "will lift you" or "raise you", "gam-alo" means "also up" or "also upward", "ve-Yosef" means "and Joseph", "yashit" means "will place" or "will set", "yado" means "his hand", "al-einecha" means "upon your eyes" or "over your eyes".
[GEN.46.5] And Jacob rose from the well of Shava, and the children of Israel lifted Jacob their father and their livestock and their wives in the wagons that Pharaoh sent to carry him. [§]
vayyakam Yaakov mibe'er Shava vayissa'u b'nei Yisrael et Yaakov aviham ve'et tapham ve'et nesheiam ba'agalot asher shalach paroah lase'et oto.
'vayyakam' means 'and he rose', 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob, 'mibe'er' means 'from the well', 'Shava' is the name of the well, 'vayissa'u' means 'and they lifted', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, the second 'Yaakov' is again the name Jacob, 'aviham' means 'their father', 've'et' means 'and', 'tapham' means 'their livestock', the third 've'et' again means 'and', 'nesheiam' means 'their wives', 'ba'agalot' means 'in the wagons', 'asher' means 'that', 'shalach' means 'sent', 'paroah' means 'Pharaoh', 'lase'et' means 'to carry', and 'oto' means 'him'.
[GEN.46.6] And they took their livestock and their possessions which they had acquired in the land of Canaan, and they went to Egypt, Jacob and all his offspring with him. [§]
Vayikchu et-miknehem ve-et-rechusham asher rakhshu be-eretz Kena'an vayavo'u Mitsrayma Yaakov ve-khol-zar'o ito.
'Vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'miknehem' means 'their livestock', 've-et' means 'and (the) [object]', 'rechusham' means 'their possessions', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'rakhshu' means 'they acquired', 'be-eretz' means 'in the land', 'Kena'an' means 'Canaan', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came/go', 'Mitsrayma' means 'to Egypt', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'zar'o' means 'his seed/offspring', 'ito' means 'with him'.
[GEN.46.7] His sons and his grandsons with him, his daughters and his granddaughters, and all his offspring he brought with him from Egypt. [§]
Banav u'vnei banav ito benotav u'venot banav vechol-zar'o hevi ito miTzrayimah.
'Banav' means 'his sons', 'u'vnei' means 'and the sons of', 'banav' again means 'his grandsons', 'ito' means 'with him', 'benotav' means 'his daughters', 'u'venot' means 'and the daughters of', 'banav' again means 'his granddaughters', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'zar'o' means 'his seed' or 'offspring', 'hevi' means 'brought', 'ito' means 'with him', 'miTzrayimah' means 'from Egypt'.
[GEN.46.8] And these are the names of the sons of Israel who came out of Egypt: Jacob and his sons, the firstborn of Jacob, Reuben. [§]
ve'eleh shemot b'nei Yisrael habaa'im Mitzrayma Yaakov uvanav bekhor Yaakov Reuven.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'shemot' means 'names', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'habaa'im' means 'who came', 'Mitzrayma' means 'out of Egypt', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'uvanav' means 'and his sons', 'bekhor' means 'the firstborn', the second 'Yaakov' repeats the name Jacob, 'Reuven' means the name Reuben.
[GEN.46.9] And the sons of Reuben: Hanokh, Pallu, Hezron, and Karmi. [§]
Uveinei Reuben Chanokh uPallu veHezron veKarmi.
'Uveinei' means 'and the sons of', 'Reuben' is the name of the tribe, 'Chanokh' is a personal name, 'uPallu' means 'and Pallu', 'veHezron' means 'and Hezron', and 'veKarmi' means 'and Karmi'.
[GEN.46.10] And the sons of Shim'on: Yemu' God, Yamin, Ohad, Yachin, Tzachar, and Saul the Canaanite. [§]
u'venei Shim'on Yemu'el ve-Yamin ve-Ohad ve-Yachin ve-Tzachar ve-Shaul ben ha-Kana'anit.
'u'venei' means 'and the sons', 'Shim'on' is a personal name, 'Yemu'el' contains the divine name El which is rendered as God, so it becomes 'Yemu' God', 've-Yamin' means 'and Yamin', 've-Ohad' means 'and Ohad', 've-Yachin' means 'and Yachin', 've-Tzachar' means 'and Tzachar', 've-Shaul' means 'and Saul', 'ben ha-Kana'anit' means 'son of the Canaanite', so it can be rendered as 'Saul the Canaanite'.
[GEN.46.11] and the sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. [§]
u'venei Levi Gershon Kehat u'Merari.
'u'' means 'and', 'bene' means 'sons of', 'Levi' means 'Levi', 'Gershon' is a proper name meaning 'exile', 'Kehat' is a proper name meaning 'the assembly', 'u'' again means 'and', 'Merari' is a proper name meaning 'bitter'.
[GEN.46.12] And the sons of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zarah. Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan, and the sons of Perez were Chetzron and Chamul. [§]
U'venei Yehudah 'Er ve'Onan ve'Shela va'Peretz va'Zarach vayamat 'Er ve'Onan be'eretz Kenaan vayihyu b'nei-Peretz Chetzron ve'Chamul.
'U'venei' means 'And the sons of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', ''Er' is a proper name, 've'Onan' means 'and Onan', 've'Shela' means 'and Shelah', 'va'Peretz' means 'and Perez', 'va'Zarach' means 'and Zarah', 'vayamat' means 'and died', ''Er ve'Onan' repeats the names Er and Onan, 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Kenaan' means 'Canaan', 'vayihyu' means 'and were', 'b'nei-Peretz' means 'the sons of Perez', 'Chetzron' and 'Chamul' are proper names.
[GEN.46.13] And the sons of Issachar: Tola, Pua, Yob, and Shimron. [§]
U'vnei Yissachar Tola u'Pua v'Yov v'Shimron.
'U'vnei' means 'and the sons of', 'Yissachar' is the name of the tribe, 'Tola' is a personal name, 'u'Pua' means 'and Pua', 'v'Yov' means 'and Yob', and 'v'Shimron' means 'and Shimron'.
[GEN.46.14] And the sons of Zebulun: Sered, Elon, and Jahleel. [§]
U'vnei Z'vulun Sered ve'Elon veYachleel.
'U'vnei' means 'and the sons of', 'Z'vulun' is the tribal name 'Zebulun', 'Sered' is a personal name meaning 'remnant', 've'Elon' means 'and Elon' (Elon is a personal name meaning 'oak'), and 'veYachleel' means 'and Jahleel' (Jahleel can be understood as 'waiting for God', where the element 'El' is the name of God, translated literally as 'God').
[GEN.46.15] These are the sons of Leah, which Jacob fathered in Padan-aram, and also the daughter Dinah; all his offspring—sons and daughters—were thirty and three. [§]
Eleh b'nei Leah asher yalda leYa'akov bePadan Aram ve'et Dinah bito kol-nefes banav u'venotav shloshim ve'shalosh.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Leah' is the proper name Leah, 'asher' means 'who/which', 'yalda' means 'fathered', 'leYa'akov' means 'to Jacob', 'bePadan' means 'in Padan', 'Aram' is the region Aram, 've'et' means 'and also', 'Dinah' is the proper name Dinah, 'bito' means 'his daughter', 'kol-nefes' means 'all the souls/offspring', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'u'venotav' means 'and his daughters', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 've'shalosh' means 'and three'.
[GEN.46.16] And the sons of Gad: Tzifyon, Chaggi, Shuni, Etzbon, Ari, Arodi, and Arali. [§]
Uveinei Gad Tzifyon veChaggi Shuni veEtzbon Ari veArodi veArali.
'Uveinei' means 'and the sons (of)'. 'Gad' is the name of the tribe, meaning 'fortune' or 'troop'. 'Tzifyon' is a proper name derived from a word meaning 'north'. 'veChaggi' means 'and Chaggi', a name that can be understood as 'my festival'. 'Shuni' is a name possibly related to 'week' or 'the seventh'. 'veEtzbon' means 'and Etzbon', a name that may derive from a word for 'clothing' or 'bundle'. 'Ari' is a name meaning 'lion'. 'veArodi' means 'and Arodi', a name perhaps related to 'my wanderer' or 'my shepherd'. 'veArali' means 'and Arali', a name possibly meaning 'my gazelle' or 'my pasture'.
[GEN.46.17] And the sons of Asher: Yimna, Yishva, Yishvi, and Bri'ah, and Serach their sister; and the sons of Bri'ah: Heber and Malkiel. [§]
U'venei Asher Yimna veYishva veYishvi uBri'ah veSerach achotam u'venei Bri'ah Heber veMalkiel.
'U' means 'and', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Asher' is a tribal name, 'Yimna' is a personal name, 'Yishva' and 'Yishvi' are personal names, 'Bri'ah' is a personal name, 'Serach' is a personal name, 'achotam' means 'their sister', 'Heber' and 'Malkiel' are personal names.
[GEN.46.18] These are the sons of Zilpah whom Lavan gave to Leah his daughter, and she bore to Jacob six and a half persons. [§]
Eleh b'nei Zilpah asher-natan Lavan leLeah bitto vateiled et-Eleh leYa'akov shesh esreh naphesh.
'Eleh' means 'These', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Zilpah' is a proper name, 'asher' means 'who/that', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Lavan' is a proper name, 'leLeah' means 'to Leah', 'bitto' means 'his daughter', 'vateiled' means 'and she bore', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, the second 'Eleh' again means 'these', 'leYa'akov' means 'to Jacob', 'shesh' means 'six', 'esreh' means 'and a half', 'naphesh' means 'person' or 'soul'.
[GEN.46.19] the children of Rachel, Jacob's wife, Joseph and Benjamin. [§]
Bnei Rachel eshet Yaakov Yosef uBinyamin.
'Bnei' means 'children of', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'uBinyamin' means 'and Benjamin'.
[GEN.46.20] And he bore to Joseph in the land of Egypt, which Asenat the daughter of Potiy priest of On gave birth to Manasseh and to Ephraim. [§]
vayivaled leYosef beeretz Mitzrayim asher yalda-lo Asenat bat Potiy perah kohen On et Menashe ve et Ephraim.
'vayivaled' means 'and (he) bore', 'leYosef' means 'to Joseph', 'beeretz' means 'in the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'asher' means 'which', 'yalda-lo' means 'gave birth to him', 'Asenat' is a proper name, 'bat' means 'daughter of', 'Potiy' is a proper name, 'perah' means 'priest', 'kohen' means 'priest', 'On' is a place name, 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Menashe' means 'Manasseh', 've' means 'and', 'et' again is a direct‑object marker, 'Ephraim' is a proper name.
[GEN.46.21] And the sons of Benjamin: Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Echi, and Roash, Muppim, Huppim, and Arad. [§]
u'venei Binyamin Bela vaveker veAshbel Gera veNa'aman Echi varosh Muppim veHuppim varad.
'u'venei' means 'and the sons', 'Binyamin' means 'Benjamin', 'Bela' is a personal name, 'vaveker' means 'and Beker' (a personal name), 'veAshbel' means 'and Ashbel' (a personal name), 'Gera' is a personal name, 'veNa'aman' means 'and Naaman' (a personal name), 'Echi' is a personal name, 'varosh' means 'and Roash' (a personal name), 'Muppim' is a personal name, 'veHuppim' means 'and Huppim' (a personal name), 'varad' means 'and Arad' (a personal name).
[GEN.46.22] These are the children of Rachel who were born to Jacob; all the persons together are fourteen. [§]
Eleh b'nei Rachel asher yulad leYa'akov kol-nefesh arba'a asar.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'yulad' means 'were born', 'leYa'akov' means 'to Jacob', 'kol-nefesh' means 'all the souls' i.e., 'all the persons', 'arba'a' means 'four', 'asar' means 'ten' (together making fourteen).
[GEN.46.23] And the sons of Dan are cursed. [§]
U'Bnei Dan chushim.
'U' means 'and', 'Bnei' means 'sons of', 'Dan' is a proper name of a tribe, 'chushim' means 'cursed' (plural).
[GEN.46.24] And the sons of Naftali: Yachzeel, Guni, Yeter, and Shillem. [§]
U'Bnei Naftali Yachzeel veGuni veYeter veShillem.
'U' means "and" (conjunctive prefix). 'Bnei' means "sons of" (plural construct form). 'Naftali' is a proper name, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. 'Yachzeel' is a personal name meaning "may God provide" (from the root root meaning to provide). 've' is the conjunction "and". 'Guni' is a name meaning "my defense" or "my protector". Another 've' = "and". 'Yeter' is a name meaning "uprightness" or "excellence". Another 've' = "and". 'Shillem' is a name meaning "peaceful" or "complete".
[GEN.46.25] These are the children of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel as her daughter, and she bore these to Jacob, all seven. [§]
eleh b'nei bilhah asher natan lavan l'rahel bitto vatelid et eleh l'ya'akov kol nefesh shivah.
'eleh' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'bilhah' is the proper name Bilhah, 'asher' means 'who/which', 'natan' means 'gave', 'lavan' means 'Laban', 'l'rahel' means 'to Rachel', 'bitto' means 'her daughter', 'vatelid' means 'and she bore', 'et' is a grammatical marker (not translated), 'eleh' means 'these', 'l'ya'akov' means 'to Jacob', 'kol' means 'all', 'nefesh' means 'persons' or 'souls', 'shivah' means 'seven'.
[GEN.46.26] All the persons who came to Jacob from Egypt, those who went out on his side, except the women of the sons of Jacob, all persons sixty‑six. [§]
Kol hanefesh habah leYaakov Mitzrayimah yotzei yercho milvad neshei b'nei Yaakov kol nefesh shishim vashesh.
'Kol' means 'all', 'hanefesh' means 'the soul' or 'person', 'habah' means 'that came', 'leYaakov' means 'to Jacob' (i.e., of Jacob), 'Mitzrayimah' means 'from Egypt', 'yotzei' means 'going out', 'yercho' literally 'his thigh' but idiomatically refers to 'his offspring' or 'those on his side', 'milvad' means 'apart from' or 'except', 'neshei' means 'women of', 'b'nei Yaakov' means 'the sons of Jacob', 'kol nefesh' again means 'all persons', and 'shishim vashesh' means 'sixty and six', i.e., sixty‑six.
[GEN.46.27] And the sons of Joseph, who were born to him in Egypt, are two persons; all the persons of the house of Jacob that came to Egypt were seventy. [§]
Uvenei Yosef asher-yulad-lo beMitzrayim nefesh shenayim kol-hanefesh lebeit Yaakov haboa Mitzrayim shiv'im.
'Uvenei' means 'and the sons of', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'asher-yulad-lo' means 'that were born to him', 'beMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'nefesh' means 'person' or 'soul', 'shenayim' means 'two', 'kol-hanefesh' means 'all the persons', 'lebeit' means 'of the house of', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'haboa' means 'that came', 'Mitzrayim' means 'to Egypt', 'shiv'im' means 'seventy'.
[GEN.46.28] And Judah sent before him to Joseph to show before him Goshen, and they came to the land of Goshen. [§]
ve'et Yehudah shalach lefanav el Yosef lehorot lefanav Goshen vayavo'u artzah Goshen.
've'et' means 'and (the)', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'shalach' means 'sent', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'el' means 'to', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'lehorot' means 'to show', 'lefanav' again means 'before him', 'Goshen' is the name of a region, 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'artzah' means 'land', and the final 'Goshen' repeats the region name.
[GEN.46.29] And Joseph bound his saddle, and he went up to meet Israel his father in Goshen, and he appeared to him, and he fell on his necks, and he wept on his necks again. [§]
Vaye'esor Yosef merkavto vayya'al likrat-Yisrael aviv Goshen vay'era elav vayipol al-tzavaraiv vayevekh al-tzavaraiv od.
'Vaye'esor' means 'and he bound', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'merkavto' means 'his saddle', 'vayya'al' means 'and he went up', 'likrat-Yisrael' means 'to meet Israel', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'Goshen' is a place name, 'vay'era' means 'and he appeared', 'elav' means 'to him', 'vayipol' means 'and he fell', 'al-tzavaraiv' means 'on his necks', 'vayevekh' means 'and he wept', 'od' means 'again'.
[GEN.46.30] And Israel said to Joseph, I will die this time after seeing your face, because you are still alive. [§]
Vayomer Yisrael el-Yosef amuta ha'paam acharei reoti et-panekha ki odkha chai.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel' (the person Jacob), 'el-Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'amuta' means 'I will die', 'ha'paam' means 'this time' or 'now', 'acharei' means 'after', 'reoti' means 'seeing', 'et-panekha' means 'your face', 'ki' means 'because', 'odkha' means 'you are still', 'chai' means 'alive'.
[GEN.46.31] And Joseph said to his brothers and to his father's house, I will go up and tell Pharaoh, and I will say to him, My brothers and my father's house that are in the land of Canaan have come to me. [§]
Vayomer Yosef el-echav ve'el-beit aviv e'eleh ve'agida leparoh ve'omra elav achi uveit-avi asher be'eretz kena'an ba'u elai.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph, 'el-echav' means 'to his brothers', 've'el-beit aviv' means 'and to the house of his father', 'e'eleh' means 'I will go up', 've'agida' means 'and I will tell', 'leparoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 've'omra' means 'and I will say', 'elav' means 'to him', 'achi' means 'my brothers', 'uveit-avi' means 'and my father's house', 'asher' means 'that', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'kena'an' means 'Canaan', 'ba'u' means 'have come', 'elai' means 'to me'.
[GEN.46.32] And the men who were shepherds because they were men of livestock, and their sheep and their cattle and all that was theirs they brought. [§]
veha'anashim ro'ei tzon ki anashai mikneh hayu ve-tzonam u-vekaram vechol asher lahem hevi'u.
'veha'anashim' means 'and the men', 'ro'ei' means 'who were shepherds', 'tzon' means 'flock', 'ki' means 'because', 'anashai' means 'men', 'mikneh' means 'of livestock', 'hayu' means 'were', 've-tzonam' means 'and their sheep', 'u-vekaram' means 'and their cattle', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'hevi'u' means 'they brought'.
[GEN.46.33] And it shall be when Pharaoh calls to you and says, 'What are your deeds?' [§]
vehayah ki yikra lachem Paroh ve'amar ma ma'aseichem.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ki' means 'when', 'yikra' means 'he shall call', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 've'amar' means 'and he said', 'ma' means 'what', 'ma'aseichem' means 'your deeds' or 'your works'.
[GEN.46.34] And you shall say, 'Men of the herd, they were your servants from our youth and even now we and our fathers, for the purpose that you shall settle in the land of Goshen, because the abomination of Egypt is everyone who shepherds the flock.' [§]
Va'amaratem anshei mikneh hayu avadeichem min ne'ureinu ve'ad-atah gam anachnu gam avoteinu ba'avur teshevu be'eretz Goshen ki to'evat Mitzrayim kol ro'eh tzon.
'Va'amaratem' means 'and you shall say', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'mikneh' means 'the herd', 'hayu' means 'were', 'avadeichem' means 'your servants', 'min' means 'from', 'ne'ureinu' means 'our youth', 've'ad-atah' means 'and even now', 'gam' means 'also', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'gam' again means 'also', 'avoteinu' means 'our fathers', 'ba'avur' means 'for the purpose', 'teshevu' means 'you will sit/settle', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Goshen' is a place name, 'ki' means 'because', 'to'evat' means 'abomination', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'kol' means 'all', 'ro'eh' means 'shepherd', 'tzon' means 'the flock'.
GEN.47
[GEN.47.1] And Joseph came and reported to Pharaoh, and he said, My father and my brothers and their flocks and their cattle and everything that is theirs came from the land of Canaan, and now they are in the land of Goshen. [§]
Vayyabo Yosef vayagged lePharaoh vayomer abi veachi ve'tzonam uveqaram vechol asher lahem ba-u me-eretz Canaan vehin-hem be-eretz Goshen.
'Vayyabo' means 'and came', 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph, 'vayagged' means 'and reported', 'lePharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'abi' means 'my father', 'veachi' means 'and my brothers', 've'tzonam' means 'and their flocks', 'uveqaram' means 'and their cattle', 'vechol asher' means 'and everything that', 'lahem' means 'is theirs', 'ba-u' means 'came', 'me-eretz Canaan' means 'from the land of Canaan', 'vehin-hem' means 'and now they are', 'be-eretz Goshen' means 'in the land of Goshen'.
[GEN.47.2] And from the end of his brothers he took five men and set them before Pharaoh. [§]
u miktzeh echav l'kach chamisha anashim vayatzigem lifnei Pharaoh.
'u' means 'and', 'miktzeh' means 'from the end', 'echav' means 'of his brothers', 'l'kach' means 'he took', 'chamisha' means 'five', 'anashim' means 'men', 'vayatzigem' means 'and he set them', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Pharaoh' means 'Pharaoh'.
[GEN.47.3] And Pharaoh said to his brothers, 'What is your work?' And they said to Pharaoh, 'Shepherd of the flock, your servants, also we, also our ancestors.' [§]
Vayomer Pharaoh el-echav ma-maaseichem vayomru el-Pharaoh ro'eh tzon avadecha gam anachnu gam avoteinu.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Pharaoh' is the name of the ruler, 'el-echav' means 'to his brothers', 'ma-maaseichem' means 'what is your work', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'el-Pharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'ro'eh' means 'shepherd', 'tzon' means 'flock', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'gam' means 'also', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'gam' again means 'also', 'avoteinu' means 'our ancestors'.
[GEN.47.4] And they said to Pharaoh, Let us dwell in the land; we have come because there is no pasture for the flocks of your servants, for the famine is heavy in the land of Canaan, and now let your servants dwell, please, in the land of Goshen. [§]
Vayomru el Pharaoh lagur baaretz baanu ki ein mir'eh latzon asher laavadeikha ki kaved ha ra'av be eretz Kenaan veatah yeshvu na avadeikha be eretz Goshen.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'el' means 'to', 'Pharaoh' is the Egyptian ruler, 'lagur' means 'to dwell', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'baanu' means 'we have come', 'ki' means 'because', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'mir'eh' means 'pasture', 'latzon' means 'for the flocks', 'asher' means 'that', 'laavadeikha' means 'your servants', 'ki' means 'because', 'kaved' means 'heavy', 'ha' is the definite article, 'ra'av' means 'famine', 'be eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Kenaan' is the region of Canaan, 'veatah' means 'and now', 'yeshvu' means 'let them dwell', 'na' is a particle of pleading, 'avadeikha' means 'your servants', 'be eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Goshen' is the region in Egypt where they lived.
[GEN.47.5] And Pharaoh said to Joseph, saying, 'Your father and your brothers have come to you.' [§]
Vayomer Parho el-Yosef le'amar avikha ve'acheikha ba'u eilekha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Parho' means 'Pharaoh', 'el' means 'to', 'Yosef' is the name 'Joseph', 'le'amar' means 'saying', 'avikha' means 'your father', 've'acheikha' means 'and your brothers', 'ba'u' means 'have come', 'eilekha' means 'to you'.
[GEN.47.6] The land of Egypt before you, it is in the best of the land where your father and your brothers dwell; they will live in the land of Goshen, and if you know that there are among them men of valor, you shall set them as chiefs of the livestock over what is mine. [§]
Eretz Mitzrayim lefanekha hi bo beitav haaretz hoshev et avikha ve et achikha yeshvu bearetz Goshen ve im yadata ve yesh bam anshei chayil ve samtam sarei mikne al aser li.
'Eretz' means 'land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', so together 'Eretz Mitzrayim' = 'the land of Egypt'. 'lefanecha' means 'before you' or 'in front of you'. 'hi' is the feminine pronoun 'it'. 'bo' means 'in it'. 'beitav' means 'in the best' (from 'meitav' = 'goodness, best'). 'haaretz' = 'the land'. 'hoshev' means 'dwells' or 'inhabits'. 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no translation). 'avikha' = 'your father'. 've' = 'and'. 'et' again the object marker. 'achikha' = 'your brothers'. 'yeshvu' = 'they will sit' or 'they will live'. 'bearetz' = 'in the land'. 'Goshen' is a place name, kept as is. 've' = 'and'. 'im' = 'if'. 'yadata' = 'you know'. 've' = 'and'. 'yesh' = 'there is'. 'bam' = 'among them'. 'anshei' = 'men of'. 'chayil' = 'strength' or 'valor' (so 'men of valor'). 've' = 'and'. 'samtam' = 'you shall set' (imperative). 'sarei' = 'chiefs' or 'heads'. 'mikne' = 'livestock' (from 'mikneh' = 'cattle'). 'al' = 'over'. 'aser' = 'that which is'. 'li' = 'mine'.
[GEN.47.7] And Joseph brought his father Jacob and set him before Pharaoh; and Jacob blessed Pharaoh. [§]
Vayyave Yosef et-Yaakov aviv vayya'amidahu lifnei Pharaoh vayvarekh Yaakov et-Pharaoh.
'Vayyave' means 'and brought', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayya'amidahu' means 'and set him', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Pharaoh' means 'Pharaoh', 'vayvarekh' means 'and blessed', 'Yaakov' again means 'Jacob', 'et' again marks the object, 'Pharaoh' again means 'Pharaoh'.
[GEN.47.8] And Pharaoh said to Jacob, how many days are there in the two periods of your life? [§]
Vayomer Pharaoh el-Yaakov kamah yemei shenei chayekha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Pharaoh' means 'Pharaoh', 'el' means 'to', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'kamah' means 'how many', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'shenei' means 'two', 'chayekha' means 'your life'.
[GEN.47.9] And Jacob said to Pharaoh, the days of my two sojourns were thirty and a hundred years, a little and few; those were the days of my two lives, and I have not yet reached the days of my fathers' two lives in the days of their sojourns. [§]
Vayomer Yaakov el-Pharaoh yemei shnei megurai shloshim u-me'at shanah me'at veraim hayu yemei shnei chayai velo hisigu et-yemei shnei chayei avoti bimei megureihem.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'el-Pharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'yemei' means 'the days of', 'shnei' means 'two', 'megurai' means 'my sojourns' or 'residences', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'u-me'at' means 'and a hundred', 'shanah' means 'year', 'me'at' means 'a little', 'veraim' means 'and few', 'hayu' means 'were', 'yemei' again 'the days of', 'chayai' means 'my life', 'velo' means 'and not', 'hisigu' means 'have reached', 'et-yemei' means 'the days of', 'chayei' means 'the life of', 'avoti' means 'my fathers', 'bimei' means 'in the days of', 'megureihem' means 'their sojourns'.
[GEN.47.10] And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out before Pharaoh. [§]
vayevarekh Ya'akov et-Par'oh vayye'tzeh milifnei Par'oh.
'vayevarekh' means 'and blessed', 'Ya'akov' is the personal name Jacob, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Par'oh' means Pharaoh, 'vayye'tzeh' means 'and went out', 'milifnei' means 'from before' or 'in the presence of', and the second 'Par'oh' again means Pharaoh.
[GEN.47.11] And Joseph settled his father and his brothers, and gave them a parcel in the land of Egypt, in the best part of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh commanded. [§]
Vayoshve Yosef et-Aviv ve-et-Echav vayitten lahem achuzah be'eretz Mitzrayim be-meitav ha'aretz be'eretz Rameses ka'asher tzivah Par'oh.
'Vayoshve' means 'and he settled', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'et-Aviv' means 'his father', 've-et-Echav' means 'and his brothers', 'vayitten' means 'and he gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'achuzah' means 'a parcel', 'be'eretz Mitzrayim' means 'in the land of Egypt', 'be-meitav ha'aretz' means 'in the best part of the land', 'be'eretz Rameses' means 'in the land of Rameses', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', 'Par'oh' means 'Pharaoh'.
[GEN.47.12] And Joseph gave a banquet to his father and his brothers and all his father's household, bread according to the number of the young. [§]
Vayichalkel Yosef et-aviv ve-et-akhav ve-et kol-beit aviv lechem lefi hatap.
'Vayichalkel' means 'and he made a banquet', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'et-aviv' means 'his father', 've-et-akhav' means 'and his brothers', 've-et kol-beit aviv' means 'and all the house of his father', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'lefi hatap' means 'according to the number of the young'.
[GEN.47.13] There was no bread in all the land, because the famine was very great, and the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan were afflicted by famine. [§]
velem chem ein bekol haaretz ki kaved harav meod va tleh eretz Mitzrayim ve eretz Kenaan mipnei harav.
've' means 'and', 'lem' means 'bread', 'chem' means 'there is not', 'ein' means 'no', 'bekol' means 'in all', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'ki' means 'because', 'kaved' means 'heavy/great', 'harav' means 'the famine', 'meod' means 'very', 'va' means 'and', 'tleh' means 'was afflicted', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've' means 'and', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Kenaan' means 'Canaan', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'harav' means 'the famine'.
[GEN.47.14] And Joseph gathered all the silver that was found in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan at the breaking, which they were breaking, and Joseph brought the silver into the house of Pharaoh. [§]
Vayilaket Yosef et kol hakeseph hanimtza be'eretz Mitzrayim uve'eretz Kena'an bashaver asher hem shovrim vayave Yosef et hakeseph beitah Paroh.
'Vayilaket' means 'and he gathered', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'hakeseph' means 'the silver', 'hanimtza' means 'that was found', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'uve'eretz' means 'and in the land of', 'Kena'an' means 'Canaan', 'bashaver' means 'at the breaking', 'asher' means 'which', 'hem' means 'they', 'shovrim' means 'were breaking', 'vayave' means 'and he brought', 'beita' means 'into the house of', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh'.
[GEN.47.15] And the silver was finished from the land of Egypt and from the land of Canaan; and all Egypt came to Joseph, saying, "Give us bread, for we shall die before you, because we have run out of silver." [§]
Vayitom hakesef me'eretz Mitzrayim u'me'eretz Kenan vayavo'u kol-Mitzrayim el-Yosef le'emor havah-lanu lechem ve'lamah namut negdecha ki afes kasef.
'Vayitom' means 'and the silver was finished', 'hakesef' means 'the silver', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'u'me'eretz' means 'and from the land', 'Kenan' means 'Canaan', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'kol-Mitzrayim' means 'all Egypt', 'el-Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'havah-lanu' means 'give us', 'lechem' means 'bread', 've'lamah' means 'and why', 'namut' means 'we shall die', 'negdecha' means 'before you', 'ki' means 'because', 'afes' means 'we have run out', 'kasef' means 'silver'.
[GEN.47.16] And Joseph said, Bring your livestock, and we will keep them in your livestock if there is no silver. [§]
Vayyomer Yosef havu mikneichem ve'etnah lachem b'mikneichem im afes kesef.
'Vayyomer' means 'and said', 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph, 'havu' means 'bring', 'mikneichem' means 'your livestock', 've'etnah' means 'and we will keep' or 'and we will give', 'lachem' means 'to you', 'b'mikneichem' means 'in your livestock', 'im' means 'if', 'afes' means 'none' or 'no', 'kesef' means 'silver'.
[GEN.47.17] And they brought their livestock to Joseph, and Joseph gave them food for the horses, for the flock of sheep, for the herd of cattle, and for the donkeys, and he provided them food for all their livestock in that year. [§]
Vayyaviu et miknehem el Yosef vayiten lahem Yosef lechem basusim uve-mikneh hatzon uve-mikneh habakar uvaḥamorim vaynacher lehem ba-lechem bechol miknehem bashanah hahi.
'Vayyaviu' means 'and they brought', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'miknehem' means 'their livestock', 'el' means 'to', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Yosef' repeats the name as subject, 'lechem' means 'food', 'basusim' means 'for the horses', 'uve-mikneh hatzon' means 'and for the flock of sheep', 'uve-mikneh habakar' means 'and for the herd of cattle', 'uvaḥamorim' means 'and for the donkeys', 'vaynacher' means 'and he caused them to eat', 'lehem' means 'to them', 'ba-lechem' means 'with food', 'bechol miknehem' means 'in all their livestock', 'bashanah hahi' means 'in that year'.
[GEN.47.18] The year then was finished, and they came to him in the second year and said to him, 'We have not withheld anything from my Lord except the silver and the livestock; to my Lord nothing remains before my Lord except our foreigners and our land.' [§]
vattitom hashanah hahih vayyavohu elav bashanah hashenit vayyomru lo nekhached me'Adoni ki im tam hakesef umikne habhemah el Adoni lo nishar lifnei Adoni bilti im geviyatenu ve'admateinu.
'vattitom' means 'and the year was finished', 'hashanah' means 'the year', 'hahih' means 'that', 'vayyavohu' means 'and they came', 'elav' means 'to him', 'bashanah' means 'in the year', 'hasenit' means 'the second', 'vayyomru' means 'and they said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'nekhached' means 'we have not withheld', 'me'Adoni' means 'from my Lord', 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'except', 'tam' means 'only', 'hakesef' means 'the silver', 'umikne' means 'and the livestock', 'habhemah' means 'the cattle', 'el Adoni' means 'to my Lord', 'lo nishar' means 'nothing remains', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'bilti' means 'except', 'im' means 'if', 'geviyatenu' means 'our foreigners', 've'admateinu' means 'and our land'.
[GEN.47.19] Why shall we die before your eyes? Also we, also our land, buy us and our land with bread, and we will be servants to Pharaoh, and give seed and we shall live and not die, and the land shall not be destroyed. [§]
lamah namut le'inecha gam anachnu gam admateinu k'neh otanu ve'et admateinu balacham ve'nihyeh anachnu ve'admateinu avadim lepharaoh ve'ten-zerah ve'nihyeh ve'lo namut ve'ha'adamah lo tesham
'lamah' means 'why', 'namut' means 'we shall die', 'le'inecha' means 'before your eyes', 'gam' means 'also', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'admateinu' means 'our land', 'k'neh' means 'buy', 'otanu' means 'us', 've'et' means 'and (the)', 'balacham' means 'in bread', 've'nihyeh' means 'and we will be', 'avadim' means 'servants', 'lepharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 've'ten-zerah' means 'and give seed', 've'nihyeh' means 'and we shall live', 've'lo namut' means 'and not die', 've'ha'adamah' means 'and the land', 'lo' means 'not', 'tesham' means 'shall be wasted' or 'shall be destroyed'.
[GEN.47.20] And Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh, because the people of Egypt sold their fields, because the famine was severe upon them, and the land became Pharaoh's. [§]
Vayiken Yosef et kol-admat Mitzrayim le-Faraoh ki makru Mitzrayim ish sadehu ki chazek alehem ha-raav vatehi ha-aretz le-Faraoh.
'Vayiken' means 'and he bought', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'kol-admat' means 'all the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'le-Faraoh' means 'for Pharaoh', 'ki' means 'because', 'makru' means 'they sold', 'ish' means 'each man', 'sadehu' means 'his field', 'chazek' means 'strong' or 'severe', 'alehem' means 'upon them', 'ha-raav' means 'the famine', 'vatehi' means 'and it became', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land', and the final 'le-Faraoh' again means 'to Pharaoh' or 'belonging to Pharaoh'.
[GEN.47.21] And he led the people to the cities from the border of Egypt to its farthest end. [§]
Ve et haam heevir oto learim miketze gevul Mitzrayim vead katzehu.
'Ve' means 'and', 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'haam' means 'the people', 'heevir' means 'he transferred' or 'he led', 'oto' means 'them', 'learim' means 'to the cities', 'miketze' means 'from the end', 'gevul' means 'border', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vead' means 'and up to', 'katzehu' means 'its end' or 'its farthest point'.
[GEN.47.22] Only the land of the priests was not bought, because the law for the priests came from Pharaoh and they ate the ordinance that Pharaoh gave them; therefore they did not sell their land. [§]
Rak admat hakohanim lo kana ki chok lakohanim me'et paroh veachlu et hukkam asher natan lahem paroh al ken lo makhru et admatam.
'Rak' means 'only', 'admata' means 'land', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'lo' means 'not', 'kana' means 'bought', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'chok' means 'law' or 'ordinance', 'lakohanim' means 'for the priests', 'me'et' means 'from', 'paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'veachlu' means 'and they ate', 'et hukkam' means 'the ordinance', 'asher' means 'that which', 'natan' means 'gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'paroh' again 'Pharaoh', 'al ken' means 'therefore', 'lo' again 'not', 'makhru' means 'sold', 'et admatam' means 'their land'.
[GEN.47.23] And Joseph said to the people, Behold, I have bought you today and your land for Pharaoh; this is for you as seed, and you shall sow the land. [§]
Vayomer Yosef el ha'am hen kaniti etchem hayom ve'et admatchem lepharaoh he lechem zera uzerattem et ha'adamah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'hen' means 'behold', 'kaniti' means 'I have bought', 'etchem' means 'you (plural) as object', 'hayom' means 'today', 've'et' means 'and (the) [object]', 'admatchem' means 'your land', 'lepharaoh' means 'for Pharaoh', 'he' means 'this is', 'lechem' means 'for you', 'zera' means 'seed', 'uzerattem' means 'you shall sow', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'adamah' means 'the land'.
[GEN.47.24] And it shall be that the fifth part you shall give to Pharaoh, and the fourth part shall be yours for the seed of the field, for your food, and for what is in your houses, and to eat for your herd. [§]
vehayah battevuot unetatem chamishit lepharah ve'arba hadayot yihyeh lakhem lezera hasadeh ulechlechem velaasher bevateichem vele'echol letapchem.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'battevuot' means 'in the fifth', 'unetatem' means 'you shall give', 'chamishit' means 'the fifth part', 'lepharah' means 'to Pharaoh', 've'arba' means 'and the fourth', 'hadayot' means 'part', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'lezera' means 'for seed', 'hasadeh' means 'of the field', 'ulechlechem' means 'for your food', 'velaasher' means 'and for what is in', 'bevateichem' means 'your houses', 'vele'echol' means 'and to eat', 'letapchem' means 'for your herd'.
[GEN.47.25] They said, "He revived us; we have found favor in the eyes of my Lord, and we will become servants to Pharaoh." [§]
vayomeru hecheytanu nimtza-chen be'eynei adoni vehayinu avadim lepharoh.
'vayomeru' means 'they said', 'hecheytanu' means 'he revived us', 'nimtza-chen' means 'we have found favor', 'be'eynei' means 'in the eyes of', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'vehayinu' means 'and we will become', 'avadim' means 'servants', 'lepharoh' means 'to Pharaoh'.
[GEN.47.26] And Joseph placed her as a law until this day upon the land of Egypt for Pharaoh for the sun, only the land of the priests by themselves was not for Pharaoh. [§]
Vayyasem otah Yosef lechok ad hayom hazeh al admat Mitzrayim lepharaoh lachomesh rak admat hakohanim levadam lo haytah lepharaoh.
'Vayyasem' means 'and he placed', 'otah' means 'her', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'lechok' means 'as a law', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'al' means 'upon', 'admat' means 'the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lepharaoh' means 'for Pharaoh', 'lachomesh' means 'for the sun', 'rak' means 'only', 'admat' means 'the land of', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'levadam' means 'by themselves', 'lo' means 'not', 'haytah' means 'was', 'lepharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh'.
[GEN.47.27] And Israel dwelt in the land of Egypt, in the land of Goshen; and they settled there and multiplied greatly. [§]
Vayeshev Yisrael be'eretz Mitzrayim be'eretz Goshen vayyo'achazu bah vayipru vayirbu meod.
'Vayeshev' means 'and dwelt', 'Yisrael' is the proper name Israel, 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means Egypt, the second 'be'eretz' again means 'in the land', 'Goshen' is the name of a region in Egypt, 'vayyo'achazu' means 'and they settled', 'bah' means 'there', 'vayipru' means 'and they multiplied', 'vayirbu' means 'and they increased', 'meod' means 'greatly'.
[GEN.47.28] And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years; the days of Jacob were one hundred forty‑seven years. [§]
Vayechi Yaakov be'eretz Mitzrayim sheva esreh shanah vayihi yemei-Yaakov shnei chayav sheva shanim ve'arba'im u'mea shanah.
'Vayechi' means 'and Jacob lived', 'Yaakov' is the personal name Jacob, 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'sheva esreh' together mean 'seventeen', 'shanah' means 'year', 'vayihi' means 'and it was', 'yemei-Yaakov' means 'the days of Jacob', 'shnei chayav' is an idiom meaning 'the total of his life', 'sheva shanim' means 'seven years', 've'arba'im' means 'and forty', 'u'mea' means 'and a hundred', 'shanah' means 'years'.
[GEN.47.29] And the days of Israel drew near to die, and he called his son to Joseph and said to him, "If now I have found favor in your eyes, put now your hand under my thigh, and do with me kindness and truth; do not now bury me in Egypt." [§]
Vayikrevu yemei-Yisrael lamut vayikra livno leYosef vayomer lo im-na matsati chen be'einecha sim-na yadkha tachat yerekhi ve'asita imadi chesed ve'emet al-na tikbreni beMitzrayim.
'Vayikrevu' means 'and the days drew near', 'yemei-Yisrael' means 'the days of Israel', 'lamut' means 'to die', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'livno' means 'to his son', 'leYosef' means 'to Joseph', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'im-na' means 'if now', 'matsati' means 'I have found', 'chen' means 'favor', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'sim-na' means 'put', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'tachat' means 'under', 'yerekhi' means 'my thigh', 've'asita' means 'and do', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'chesed' means 'kindness', 've'emet' means 'and truth', 'al-na' means 'do not', 'tikbreni' means 'bury me', 'beMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt'.
[GEN.47.30] And I will lie with my fathers, and they will carry me from Egypt, and they buried me in their graves, and he said, I will do according to your word. [§]
ve-shakhavti im-avotai u-nesatani mi-mitzrayim u-kevartani bi-kevuratam vayomer anokhi e'ese kidvarekha.
've' means 'and', 'shakhavti' means 'I will lie' or 'I will recline', 'im' means 'with', 'avotai' means 'my fathers', 'u' means 'and', 'nesatani' means 'they will carry me' (from the root n-s-h, to lift or carry), 'mi' means 'from', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'u' means 'and', 'kevartani' means 'they buried me', 'bi' means 'in', 'kevuratam' means 'their burial' or 'their graves', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'anokhi' means 'I', 'e'ese' means 'will do' or 'shall make', 'kidvarekha' means 'according to your word' (kidvar = word, -kha = your).
[GEN.47.31] And he said, 'Swear to me,' and he swore to him, and Israel bowed down on the head of the bed. [§]
Vayomer hishaveah li vayishaav lo vayishtachu Yisrael al rosh ha-mitta.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hishaveah' means 'to swear' (imperative), 'li' means 'to me', 'vayishaav' means 'and he swore', 'lo' means 'to him', 'vayishtachu' means 'and Israel bowed down', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'al' means 'on', 'rosh' means 'head', 'ha-mitta' means 'the mattress' or 'the bed'.
GEN.48
[GEN.48.1] And it happened after these things, and he said to Joseph, Behold, your father is dying; and he took with him the two of his sons, Menashe and Ephraim. [§]
Vayehi acharei hadvarim haeleh vayomer leYosef hineh avikha choleh vayikach et-shenei banav immo et-Menashe ve-et-Efraim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'acharei' means 'after', 'hadvarim' means 'the words' or 'the things', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'leYosef' means 'to Joseph', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'choleh' means 'is dying', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'et-shenei' means 'the two', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'immo' means 'with him', 'et-Menashe' means 'Menashe', 've-et-Efraim' means 'and Ephraim'.
[GEN.48.2] And he told Jacob and said, Behold, your son Joseph is coming to you; Israel strengthened himself and sat on the bed. [§]
Vayagged leYa'akov vayomer hineh bincha Yosef ba alekha vayitchazek Yisrael vayeishev al-hamittah.
'Vayagged' means 'and he told', 'leYa'akov' means 'to Jacob', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'bincha' means 'your son', 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph, 'ba' means 'is coming', 'alekha' means 'to you', 'vayitchazek' means 'and (he) strengthened himself', 'Yisrael' is the personal name Israel, 'vayeishev' means 'and (he) sat', 'al' means 'on', 'ha-mittah' means 'the bed'.
[GEN.48.3] And Jacob said to Joseph, God Almighty appeared to me in Luz in the land of Canaan, and He blessed me. [§]
Vayomer Yaakov el-Yosef El Shaddai nirah elai beluz be eretz Canaan vayivarech oti.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'el-Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'El' means 'God', 'Shaddai' means 'Almighty', 'nirah' means 'appeared', 'elai' means 'to me', 'beluz' means 'in Luz', 'be eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Canaan' is the proper name of the land, 'vayivarech' means 'and He blessed', 'oti' means 'me'.
[GEN.48.4] And God said to me, Behold, I will make you fruitful and increase you, and I will give you as a gathering of peoples, and I will give this land to your offspring after you for an everlasting possession. [§]
Vayomer elai hineni maprekha vehirbitah unetatikha likhal amim venatati et haaretz hazot lezaracha acharicha achuzat olam.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elai' means 'to me', 'hineni' means 'behold' or 'here I am', 'maprekha' means 'I will make you fruitful', 'vehirbitah' means 'and I will increase you', 'unetatikha' means 'and I will give you', 'likhal' means 'as a gathering', 'amim' means 'nations' or 'peoples', 'venatati' means 'and I will give', 'et haaretz hazot' means 'this land', 'lezaracha' means 'to your seed/offspring', 'acharicha' means 'after you', 'achuzat olam' means 'everlasting possession'. The pronoun 'He' referring to the speaker is rendered as 'God' to reflect the divine speaker in the context.
[GEN.48.5] And now the two your sons who were born to you in the land of Egypt until I go to you from Egypt are for me, Ephraim and Menashe, just as Reuven and Shimon will be to me. [§]
ve'ata shnei banecha ha noladim lecha be erets Mitzrayim ad bo'i elecha Mitzrayimah li hem Ephraim u Menashe ki Reuven ve Shimon yihyu li.
've'ata' means 'and now', 'shnei' means 'two', 'banecha' means 'your sons', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'noladim' means 'born', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'be' means 'in', 'erets' means 'the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'ad' means 'until', 'bo'i' means 'I go/come', 'elecha' means 'to you', 'Mitzrayimah' repeats 'Egypt' in construct form, 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'hem' means 'they', 'Ephraim' is a proper name, 'u' means 'and', 'Menashe' is a proper name, 'ki' means 'as' or 'just as', 'Reuven' is a proper name, 've' means 'and', 'Shimon' is a proper name, 'yihyu' means 'they will be', 'li' means 'to me'.
[GEN.48.6] And your offspring, which you have begotten after them, shall be yours; in the name of their brothers they will be called in their inheritance. [§]
U-moladtekha asher holadta achareihem lecha yihyu al shem acheihem yikaru benachalatam.
'U' is the conjunction 'and'. 'moladtekha' means 'your birth' or 'your offspring'. 'asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'holadta' means 'you have begotten' or 'you have given birth to'. 'achareihem' means 'after them' (referring to previous generations). 'lecha' means 'to you' or 'yours'. 'yihyu' means 'they will be' or 'they shall become'. 'al' means 'in' or 'for the sake of'. 'shem' means 'name'. 'acheihem' means 'their brothers'. 'yikaru' means 'they will call'. 'benachalatam' means 'in their inheritance' or 'in their portion'.
[GEN.48.7] And I, when I came from Padan, died upon me Rachel in the land of Canaan on the road, while still the covenant of the land to go Ephrathah, and I buried her there on the road to Ephrath, it is the house of bread. [§]
Va'ani bevo'i mipadan meta alai Rachel be'eretz Canaan ba'derekh be'od kivrat-erets lavo Efratah va'ekbereha sham be'derekh Efrat hi beit lahem.
'Va'ani' means 'and I', 'bevo'i' means 'when I came', 'mipadan' means 'from Padan', 'meta' means 'died', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Canaan' is a proper name, 'ba'derekh' means 'on the road', 'be'od' means 'while still', 'kivrat-erets' means 'the covenant of the land', 'lavo' means 'to go', 'Efratah' is a place name, 'va'ekbereha' means 'and I buried her', 'sham' means 'there', 'be'derekh' means 'on the road of', 'Efrat' is a place name, 'hi' means 'it', 'beit' means 'house', 'lahem' means 'of bread'.
[GEN.48.8] And Israel saw the sons of Joseph, and he said, "Who are these?". [§]
Vayar Yisrael et-benei Yosef vayomer mi-elleh.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'Yisrael' is the personal name Israel, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'benei' means 'the sons of', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mi' means 'who', 'elleh' means 'these'.
[GEN.48.9] And Joseph said to his father, My sons are those who the Gods gave me in this; and he said, Take them, please, to me and I will bless you. [§]
Vayomer Yosef el-aviv, Banai hem asher-natan li Elohim bazeh; vayomer: Kachem na elai vavarbechem.
"Vayomer" means "and he said", "Yosef" means "Joseph", "el-aviv" means "to his father", "Banai" means "my sons", "hem" means "they are", "asher" means "who", "natan" means "gave", "li" means "to me", "Elohim" means "the Gods", "bazeh" means "in this", "vayomer" means "and he said", "Kachem" means "take them", "na" means "please", "elai" means "to me", "vavarbechem" means "and I will bless you".
[GEN.48.10] And the eyes of Israel grew heavy with fatigue; they could not see. He drew them near to him, he kissed them, and he embraced them. [§]
Ve'eynei Yisrael kavdu mizoken lo yuchal lir'ot vayagash otam elav vayishak lahem vaychabek lahem.
'Ve'eynei' means 'and the eyes of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'kavdu' means 'grew heavy', 'mizoken' means 'with weariness' (lit. from fatigue), 'lo' means 'not', 'yuchal' means 'could', 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 'vayagash' means 'and he drew near', 'otam' means 'them', 'elav' means 'to him', 'vayishak' means 'and he kissed', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'vaychabek' means 'and he embraced', 'lahem' again means 'them'.
[GEN.48.11] And Israel said to Joseph, Look, your face I have not blessed, and behold, the Gods showed me also your offspring. [§]
Vayomer Yisrael el-Yosef reho panekha lo pilalti ve-hineh hera'i oti haElohim gam et-zarecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yisrael' is the name Israel, 'el-Yosef' means 'to Joseph', 'reho' (or 're'oh') means 'look' or 'behold', 'panekha' means 'your face', 'lo' means 'not', 'pilalti' means 'I blessed' (literally 'I praised'), 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'hera'i' means 'showed me', 'oti' means 'to me', 'haElohim' is the plural divine name and is translated as 'the Gods', 'gam' means 'also', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'zarecha' means 'your seed' or 'your offspring'.
[GEN.48.12] Joseph brought them out from before his presence, and they bowed down to his feet on the ground. [§]
Vayotzei Yosef otam me'im birchav vayishtachu le'afav artzah.
'Vayotzei' means 'and he brought out', 'Yosef' is the name 'Joseph', 'otam' means 'them', 'me'im' means 'from before', 'birchav' means 'his knees' (a phrase indicating his presence), 'vayishtachu' means 'and they bowed down', 'le'afav' means 'to his feet' (literally 'to his nose/face' used idiomatically for the foot area), 'artzah' means 'on the ground'.
[GEN.48.13] And Joseph took them both, placed Ephraim on his right hand beyond Israel and Manasseh on his left hand toward Israel, and he approached him. [§]
va-yikach Yosef et-shneihem et-Ephraim b'yamino mishma'al Yisrael ve-et-Menashe b'smoloh miyamin Yisrael va-yagesh elav.
'va-yikach' means 'and took', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'et' is a grammatical marker (no direct translation), 'shneihem' means 'them both', 'et-Ephraim' refers to his son Ephraim, 'b'yamino' means 'in his right hand', 'mishma'al' means 'beyond' or 'to the left side of Israel', 'Yisrael' means Israel, 've-et-Menashe' means 'and (the son) Manasseh', 'b'smoloh' means 'in his left hand', 'miyamin' means 'toward the right side of Israel', 'va-yagesh' means 'and he approached', 'elav' means 'to him'.
[GEN.48.14] And Israel sent his right hand and placed it on the head of Ephraim, and it was the poor; and his left hand on the head of Manasseh; he lifted his hands, for Manasseh is the firstborn. [§]
Vayishlach Yisrael et-yemino vayashet al-rosh Efrayim vehu hatza'ir ve'et-smolo al-rosh Menashe sikel et-yadav ki Menashe habekhor.
'Vayishlach' means 'and sent', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et-yemino' means 'his right hand', 'vayashet' means 'and placed', 'al-rosh' means 'on the head of', 'Efrayim' means 'Ephraim', 'vehu' means 'and it/he', 'hatza'ir' means 'the poor', 've'et-smolo' means 'and his left', 'al-rosh' again means 'on the head of', 'Menashe' means 'Manasseh', 'sikel' means 'he lifted', 'et-yadav' means 'his hands', 'ki' means 'for', 'Menashe' again 'Manasseh', 'habekhor' means 'the firstborn'.
[GEN.48.15] And he blessed Joseph and said, the Gods who my ancestors walked before them Abraham and Isaac, the Gods the Shepherd of me from my youth until this day. [§]
Vayvarekh et-Yosef vayomer haElohim asher hitchalku avotai lefanav Avraham veYitzhak haElohim haroeh oti meodi ad hayom hazeh.
'Vayvarekh' means 'and he blessed', 'et' is the direct object marker (not rendered in English), 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'hitchalku' means 'walked', 'avotai' means 'my ancestors', 'lefanav' means 'before them', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'veYitzhak' means 'and Isaac', the second 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'haroeh' means 'the Shepherd', 'oti' means 'me', 'meodi' means 'from my youth', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[GEN.48.16] The angel who redeems me from all evil will bless the youths, and among them my name will be called, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac, and they will increase greatly in the midst of the earth. [§]
ha-malach ha-goel oti mikol ra yivarech et ha-ne'arim ve-yikarei bahem shemi ve-shem avotai Avraham ve-Yitzchak ve-yidgu la-rov be-ker ev ha-aretz.
'ha-malach' means 'the angel', 'ha-goel' means 'the redeemer', 'oti' means 'me', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'ra' means 'evil', 'yivarech' means 'will bless', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha-ne'arim' means 'the youths', 've-yikarei' means 'and will be called', 'bahem' means 'among them', 'shemi' means 'my name', 've-shem' means 'and the name', 'avotai' means 'of my fathers', 'Avraham' is the name 'Abraham', 've-Yitzchak' means 'and Isaac', 've-yidgu' means 'and will increase', 'la-rov' means 'for great increase', 'be-ker ev' means 'in the midst', 'ha-aretz' means 'of the earth'.
[GEN.48.17] And Joseph saw that his father had placed his right hand on the head of Ephraim, and it was displeasing to him, and he moved his father's hand to remove it from Ephraim's head onto the head of Manasseh. [§]
Vayar Yosef ki-yashit aviv yad-yemino al-rosh Ephraim vayera be'enav vayitmekh yad-aviv lehasir otah me'al rosh-Ephraim al-rosh Menashe.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'ki-' is a conjunction meaning 'that', 'yashit' means 'he placed', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'yad-yemino' means 'the hand of his right (hand)', 'al-rosh' means 'on the head', 'Ephraim' is a proper name, 'vayera' means 'and it was displeasing', 'be'enav' means 'in his eyes', 'vayitmekh' means 'and he supported' or 'leaned', 'yad-aviv' means 'the hand of his father', 'lehasir' means 'to remove', 'otah' means 'it', 'me'al' means 'from upon', 'rosh-Ephraim' means 'the head of Ephraim', 'al-rosh' means 'onto the head', 'Menashe' is a proper name.
[GEN.48.18] And Joseph said to his father, Not so, my father; for this is the firstborn, place your right hand upon his head. [§]
Vayomer Yosef el-aviv lo ken avi ki zeh habekhor sim yemincha al rosho.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'el' means 'to', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'lo' means 'not', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', 'avi' means 'my father', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'zeh' means 'this', 'habekhor' means 'the firstborn', 'sim' means 'place' (imperative), 'yemincha' means 'your right hand', 'al' means 'on', 'rosho' means 'his head'.
[GEN.48.19] But his father refused and said, "I have known my son, I have known; also he will be for a people and also he will become great, and indeed his younger brother will become greater than him, and his offspring will be a multitude of the nations." [§]
Vaymaen aviv vayomer yadayti bni yadayti gam-hu yihyeh leam ve'gam-hu yigdal ve'ulam achiv haqaton yigdal mimeinu vezaro yihyeh melo hagoyim.
'Vaymaen' means 'but he refused', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'yadayti' means 'I have known', 'bni' means 'my son', the second 'yadayti' repeats 'I have known', 'gam' means 'also', 'hu' means 'he', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'leam' means 'for a people', 've'gam' means 'and also', 'yigdal' means 'will become great', 've'ulam' means 'and indeed', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'haqaton' means 'the younger', 'yigdal' repeats 'will become great', 'mimeinu' means 'than him', 'vezaro' means 'and his offspring', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'melo' means 'a multitude', 'hagoyim' means 'of the nations'.
[GEN.48.20] And He blessed them that day, saying, 'May you be blessed, Israel, to say, May the Gods make you like Ephraim and like Manasseh,' and He placed Ephraim before Manasseh. [§]
vayevarekhhem bayom hahohu leimor bekha yivarekh yisrael leimor yismekha Elohim keEphraim vekimnasha vayyasem et Ephraim lifnei Menashah.
'vayevarekhhem' means 'and he blessed them', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahohu' means 'that', 'leimor' means 'to say', 'bekha' means 'in you/you', 'yivarekh' means 'may bless', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'yismekha' means 'may He place you', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'keEphraim' means 'like Ephraim', 'vekimnasha' means 'and like Manasseh', 'vayyasem' means 'and he placed', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'Ephraim' is a tribal name, 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Menashah' is the name Manasseh.
[GEN.48.21] And Israel said to Joseph, Behold, I am dead, and the Gods will be with you and will bring you back to the land of your ancestors. [§]
Va-yomer Yisrael el-Yosef hineh anochi met ve-hayah Elohim imachem ve-yeshiv etchem el eretz avoteichem.
'Va-yomer' means 'and he said', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'el' means 'to', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'met' means 'am dead', 've-hayah' means 'and will be', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural form of God), 'imachem' means 'with you' (plural), 've-yeshiv' means 'and will bring back', 'etchem' means 'you' (object plural), 'el' means 'to', 'eretz' means 'land', 'avoteichem' means 'your ancestors' (literally 'your fathers').
[GEN.48.22] And I gave you one share over your brother which I took from the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow. [§]
va'ani natati lekha shekhem achad al-achekha asher lakhti miyad ha'emori bechervi uvekashti.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'natati' means 'gave', 'lekha' means 'to you (masc.)', 'shekhem' means 'portion' or 'share', 'achad' means 'one', 'al-achekha' means 'over your brother', 'asher' means 'which', 'lakhti' means 'I took', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'ha'emori' means 'the Amorite', 'bechervi' means 'with my sword', 'uvekashti' means 'and with my bow'.
GEN.49
[GEN.49.1] And Jacob called his sons and said, Gather together and I will tell you what will call you at the end of days. [§]
Vayikra Yaakov el banav vayomer he'esfu ve'agida lachem et asher yikra etchem be'acharit hayamim.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'el' means 'to', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'he'esfu' means 'gather', 've'agida' means 'and I will tell', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'asher' means 'that which', 'yikra' means 'will call', 'etchem' means 'you (plural) as object', 'be'acharit' means 'in the end', 'hayamim' means 'the days'.
[GEN.49.2] Gather and listen, O sons of Jacob, and listen to Israel your fathers. [§]
Hikabtzoo ve shimu b'nei Yaakov ve shimu el Yisrael avikhem.
'Hikabtzoo' means 'gather' (imperative plural), 've' means 'and', 'shimu' means 'listen' or 'hear' (imperative plural), 'b'nei' means 'sons of' or 'children of', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, the second 've' again means 'and', the second 'shimu' repeats 'listen', 'el' means 'to' or 'unto', 'Yisrael' is the name Israel, and 'avikhem' means 'your fathers' (plural).
[GEN.49.3] Reuben, my firstborn, you are my strength and the chief of my vigor, excess to bear and more strength. [§]
Reuben bekhori atah kochi vereshit oni yeter saet veyeter az.
'Reuben' is a proper name. 'bekhori' means 'my firstborn' (b'khor = firstborn, -i = my). 'atah' means 'you'. 'kochi' means 'my strength' (koach = strength, -i = my). 'vereshit' means 'and the beginning' or 'chief' (reshit = beginning). 'oni' means 'my vigor' or 'my force' (on = vigor, -i = my). 'yeter' means 'excess' or 'more'. 'saet' means 'to bear' or 'to lift' (verb root meaning to carry). 'veyeter' means 'and more' (ve- = and, yeter = more). 'az' means 'strength' or 'might'.
[GEN.49.4] Spit like water; do not remain, for you have risen from your father's bed; then you defiled my hope (or ascent). [§]
pachaz kammayim al-totar ki alita mishk've avikha az hilalta yetsui alah.
'pachaz' is a verb meaning 'to spit' or a proper name, 'kammayim' means 'like water', 'al-totar' means 'do not be left' or 'do not remain', 'ki' means 'because', 'alita' means 'you have risen', 'mishk've' means 'from the bed of', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'az' means 'then', 'hilalta' means 'you have defiled', 'yetsui' is a difficult noun that likely means 'my hope' or 'my desire' (the exact sense is uncertain), 'alah' means 'upward' or 'to go up'. The verse appears to be a proverb warning against lingering like water and highlighting the shame of rising from a paternal bed only to corrupt one's own aspirations.
[GEN.49.5] Shimon and Levi, brothers, are instruments of violence, the merchants of it. [§]
Shimon veLevi achim k'lei chamas mecheroteihem.
'Shimon' is a proper name meaning 'he has heard'. 'veLevi' means 'and Levi', another proper name. 'achim' means 'brothers'. 'k'lei' (plural construct of 'kli') means 'tools' or 'instruments'. 'chamas' means 'violence' or 'bloodshed'. 'mecheroteihem' is a noun in the construct state meaning 'their merchants' or 'the merchants of them'. The phrase k'lei chamas mecheroteihem therefore conveys the idea that Shimon and Levi are being described as the very implements of violence and also as the ones who deal in that violence.
[GEN.49.6] My soul, do not come in secret; in their assembly do not be confounded my honor, for in their anger they killed a man and in their desire they have bent an ox. [§]
be-sodam al-tavo nafshi bi-kehalam al-techad kevodi ki be-apam hargu ish u-biratzonam ikru-shor.
'be-sodam' means 'in secret (of them)', 'al-tavo' means 'do not come', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'bi-kehalam' means 'in their assembly', 'al-techad' means 'do not be confounded', 'kevodi' means 'my honor', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'be-apam' means 'in their anger', 'hargu' means 'they killed', 'ish' means 'a man', 'u-biratzonam' means 'and in their desire', 'ikru-shor' means 'they have bent an ox', an idiom indicating they have twisted something strong or powerful.
[GEN.49.7] Cursed be their nose because of strength, and their crossing because it was hard; I will divide them in Jacob and I will scatter them in Israel. [§]
Arur afam ki az ve'evratam ki kashatah achalkem beYaakov va'afitzem beYisrael.
'Arur' means 'cursed', 'afam' means 'their nose' (or figuratively 'their anger'), 'ki' means 'because', 'az' means 'strength', 've'evratam' means 'and their crossing/encumbrance', 'ki' again means 'because', 'kashatah' means 'it was hard', 'achalkem' means 'I will divide them', 'beYaakov' means 'in Jacob', 'va'afitzem' means 'and I will scatter them', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel'.
[GEN.49.8] Judah, you know your brother; your hand is behind your enemies; the sons of your father will bow to you. [§]
Yehudah attah yoducha achekha yadkha beoref oyveikha yishtachavu lekha bnei avikha.
'Yehudah' means 'Judah', the name of the tribe. 'attah' means 'you' (singular masculine). 'yoducha' means 'you know' or 'you recognize'. 'achekha' means 'your brother' (singular). 'yadkha' means 'your hand'. 'beoref' means 'in the rear' or 'behind'. 'oyveikha' means 'your enemies'. 'yishtachavu' means 'they will bow down' or 'they will worship'. 'lekha' means 'to you'. 'bnei' means 'sons of' or 'children of'. 'avikha' means 'your father'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name is required.
[GEN.49.9] Young lion, lion of Judah, from the pit, my son you have risen; you have fallen, you have lain down like a lion and like a dog; who will raise him up? [§]
Gur aryeh Yehudah mi tereph beni alita kara ravatz ke aryeh u'klevi mi yekimenu.
'Gur' means 'young lion', 'aryeh' means 'lion', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'mi tereph' means 'from the pit', 'beni' means 'my son', 'alita' means 'you have risen' or 'you have ascended', 'kara' means 'you have fallen', 'ravatz' means 'you have lain down', 'ke aryeh' means 'like a lion', 'u'klevi' means 'and like a dog', 'mi' means 'who', 'yekimenu' means 'will raise him up'.
[GEN.49.10] The tribe shall not depart from Judah, nor be removed from between its heels, until Shiloh comes, and to him shall be gathered the peoples. [§]
Lo-yasur shevet mi-Yehudah u-mechokek mi-bein raglav ad ki-yavo Shiloh ve-lo yiqhat amim.
'Lo-yasur' means 'shall not depart', 'shevet' means 'tribe' (or 'staff'), 'mi-Yehudah' means 'from Judah', 'u-mechokek' means 'and shall be cut off' or 'removed', 'mi-bein raglav' means 'from between its heels/feet', 'ad' means 'until', 'ki-yavo' means 'that it comes', 'Shiloh' is a proper name referring to a future ruler or the messianic center, 've-lo' means 'and to him', 'yiqhat' means 'shall be taken/gathered', 'amim' means 'peoples' or 'nations'. The verse is rendered literally, preserving the Hebrew word order and meaning.
[GEN.49.11] I will bind the vine to the city and the stronghold; my son the donkey shall go out in the wine, its covering, and with the blood of grapes its shade. [§]
Osri lagafen iroh ve-la-sorekha b'ni atono kibess ba-yayin le-vusho uve-dam anavim suta.
'Osri' means 'I will bind', 'lagafen' means 'to the vine', 'iroh' means 'the city', 've-la-sorekha' means 'and to the stronghold', 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'atono' means 'the donkey', 'kibess' means 'shall go out' or 'shall be cast', 'ba-yayin' means 'in the wine', 'le-vusho' means 'its garment' or 'its covering', 'uve-dam' means 'and with the blood', 'anavim' means 'of grapes', 'suta' means 'its shade' or 'its covering'.
[GEN.49.12] My eyes are like wine, and my teeth are white as milk. [§]
Hachlili einayim mi-yayin ulevan-shinayim mechalav.
'Hachlili' means 'my (eyes) are' (derived from 'hachlil' meaning 'to be like'); 'einayim' means 'eyes'; 'mi-yayin' means 'like wine' (mi = like, yayin = wine); 'ulevan-shinayim' means 'and (my) teeth white' (le- = and, ven = white, shinayim = teeth); 'mechalav' means 'as milk' (me- = as, chalav = milk).
[GEN.49.13] Zebulun dwells on the coast of the seas, and he also dwells on the coast of islands, and his border is on Sidon. [§]
Zevulun lechof yamim yishkon, vehu lechof oniyyot, veyarkato al‑Tsidon.
'Zevulun' is the name of a tribe, 'lechof' means 'to the coast of', 'yamim' means 'seas', 'yishkon' means 'will dwell', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'oniyyot' means 'islands', 'veyarkato' means 'and its border', 'al‑Tsidon' means 'on Sidon'.
[GEN.49.14] Yissachar's donkey of the vineyard lies between the two banks. [§]
Yissachar chamor gerem rovetz bein ha-mishpetayim.
'Yissachar' is a proper name meaning 'there is reward'. 'chamor' means 'donkey'. 'gerem' means 'vineyard' or 'winepress'. 'rovetz' means 'lies' or 'reclines'. 'bein' means 'between'. 'ha-mishpetayim' means 'the two banks' (of a river or stream).
[GEN.49.15] And he saw a rest because it was good and the earth because it was pleasant and he threw his shoulder to bear and it became a laborer's burden. [§]
Vayar menucha ki tov ve'et haaretz ki naema vayet shikhmo lisbol vayhi lemas-oved.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'menucha' means 'a rest' or 'repose', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'tov' means 'good', 've'et' is a conjunction meaning 'and' with the direct object marker, 'haaretz' means 'the earth', the second 'ki' again means 'because', 'naema' means 'pleasant' or 'agreeable', 'vayet' means 'and he threw', 'shikhmo' means 'his shoulder', 'lisbol' means 'to bear' or 'to carry', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'lemas-oved' is a construct phrase meaning 'for a burden of work' or 'as a laborer's load'.
[GEN.49.16] Dan will judge his people as one of the tribes of Israel. [§]
Dan yadin amho ke'echad shivtei Yisrael.
'Dan' is the name of a tribe, 'yadin' means 'will judge', 'amho' means 'his people', 'ke'echad' means 'like one' or 'as one', 'shivtei' means 'the tribes' (plural), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[GEN.49.17] Let Dan be a serpent upon the road, a scorpion upon the path; the one who pulls the hindquarters of the horse, and its rider fell from behind. [§]
Yehiy Dan nachash ale derekh shefifon ale orach hanoshekh ikvei sus vayipol rochvo achor.
'Yehiy' means 'let be', 'Dan' is a proper name, 'nachash' means 'snake' or 'serpent', 'ale' means 'upon', 'derekh' means 'road' or 'way', 'shefifon' means 'scorpion', 'orach' means 'path' or 'road', 'hanoshekh' means 'the one who pulls' or 'the one who draws', 'ikvei' means 'the hindquarters of' or 'the backs of', 'sus' means 'horse', 'vayipol' means 'and fell', 'rochvo' means 'its rider', 'achor' means 'from behind' or 'at the rear'.
[GEN.49.18] I have hoped for your salvation, Yahveh. [§]
Lishuatkha kiwiti Yahveh.
'Lishuatkha' means 'for your salvation', combining the preposition li- (for) with shuat (salvation) and the suffix -kha (your, masculine singular). 'Kiwiti' means 'I have hoped' or 'I have placed my hope', from the verb kavah (to hope) in the perfect first‑person singular. 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH.
[GEN.49.19] Fortune, a great heap; he will crush us, and he will be crushed at the heel. [§]
Gad gedod yegudenu vehu yagud aqev.
'Gad' means 'fortune' or can be a proper name. 'gedod' is a noun derived from the root G‑D meaning 'heap' or 'great mass'. 'yegudenu' is a verb from the same root in the future imperfect, third‑person masculine singular with the suffix -nu, meaning 'he will crush us'. 'vehu' means 'and he'. 'yagud' is the passive future form meaning 'he will be crushed'. 'aqev' means 'heel' (the back part of the foot). The final 'Samekh' (ס) is a scribal marker and has no lexical meaning.
[GEN.49.20] From Asher his bread is rich, and he will give the king's delicacies. [§]
me'ashar shmeneh lachmo vehu yitten ma'adanei-melekh.
'me'ashar' means 'from Asher', 'shmeneh' means 'fat' or 'rich', 'lachmo' means 'his bread', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'yitten' means 'will give', 'ma'adanei-melekh' means 'the delicacies of a king'.
[GEN.49.21] Naftali, a doe sent by the giver of words of beauty. [§]
Naftali ayala shlucha hanoten imrei shaper.
'Naftali' is a proper name meaning 'my struggle', 'ayala' means 'doe', 'shlucha' means 'sent', 'hanoten' means 'the giver', 'imrei' means 'words of', and 'shaper' means 'beauty' or 'splendor'.
[GEN.49.22] Son Porat Joseph, son Porat, over the eye, daughters walked over Shur. [§]
Ben Porat Yosef ben Porat alei ayin banot tza'dah alei shur.
'Ben' means 'son', 'Porat' is a proper name, 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', the second 'ben' again means 'son', the second 'Porat' repeats the name, 'alei' means 'over' or 'upon', 'ayin' means 'eye', 'banot' means 'daughters', 'tza'dah' means 'walked' (feminine), and the final 'alei' again means 'over', 'shur' is a proper name of a place.
[GEN.49.23] They made him bitter, they increased their hostility, and they reviled him before the owners of the halves. [§]
vayemar'ruhu varobu vayistemu ba'alei chitsim.
'vayemar'ruhu' means 'and they made him bitter'; 'varobu' means 'and they increased (in number or intensity)'; 'vayistemu' means 'and they reviled him'; 'ba'alei chitsim' literally means 'the owners of halves', an idiom referring to those who possessed a share or portion, often interpreted as the wealthy or those controlling the allotted portions.
[GEN.49.24] And she sat in Eitan his bow, and they scattered the forearms of his hand from the hands of the mighty Jacob; from there a stone of Israel shepherded. [§]
Vateshev beEitan kashto vayafozzu zro'ei yadaiv miydei avir yaakov misham ro'eh even Yisrael.
'Vateshev' means 'and (she) sat', 'beEitan' means 'in Eitan (a proper name meaning firm)', 'kashto' means 'his bow', 'vayafozzu' means 'and they scattered', 'zro'ei' means 'forearms of', 'yadaiv' means 'his hand(s)', 'miydei' means 'from the hands of', 'avir' means 'the mighty (one)', 'yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'misham' means 'from there', 'ro'eh' means 'shepherding', 'even' means 'stone', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[GEN.49.25] From God your father and he will help you and the Almighty will bless you with blessings of heaven from above, with blessings of the deep that spread below, with blessings of fields and mercy. [§]
Me'El avikha ve'ya'azrekha ve'et Shaddai vi'varekha berakhot shamayim me'al berakhot tehom roveitsat takhat berakhot shadayim va'raham.
'Me'El' means 'from God', with 'El' translated as 'God'; 'avikha' means 'your father'; 've' adds 'and'; 'ya'azrekha' means 'he will help you'; 've'et' means 'and'; 'Shaddai' is a name of God rendered as 'the Almighty'; 'vi'varekha' means 'and he will bless you'; 'berakhot' means 'blessings'; 'shamayim' means 'heaven(s)'; 'me'al' means 'from above'; 'tehom' means 'the deep' (often the sea); 'roveitsat' means 'spreading' or 'covering'; 'takhat' means 'under' or 'below'; 'shadayim' means 'fields'; 'va'raham' means 'and mercy'.
[GEN.49.26] The knees of your father have become strong on the knees of my teachers until the desire of the hills of eternity will be for the head of Joseph and for the incense of his brother. [§]
birchot avikha gavru al-birchot horai ad-ta'avat giboat olam tihyein le-rosh yosef u-leqadkod nezir echav.
'birchot' means 'knees', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'gavru' means 'have become strong', 'al-birchot' means 'on the knees of', 'horai' means 'my teachers', 'ad-ta'avat' means 'until the desire of', 'giboat' means 'the hills', 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'world', 'tihyein' means 'will be', 'le-rosh' means 'to the head', 'yosef' is the name 'Joseph', 'u-leqadkod' means 'and the incense', 'nezir' means 'consecrated one' (Nazirite), 'echav' means 'his brother'.
[GEN.49.27] Benjamin the wolf will roam; in the morning he will eat, and by evening he will divide the spoil. [§]
Binyamin ze'ev yitraf ba-boker yokhal ad ve-la'erev yechalek shalal.
'Binyamin' is a proper name meaning 'Benjamin'; 'ze'ev' means 'wolf'; 'yitraf' means 'will roam' or 'will run about'; 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning'; 'yokhal' means 'will eat'; 'ad' means 'until' or indicates continuation; 've-la'erev' means 'and by evening'; 'yechalek' means 'will divide' or 'will apportion'; 'shalal' means 'spoil' or 'booty'.
[GEN.49.28] All these are the tribes of Israel, twelve, and this is what their father spoke to them and blessed them, each man according to his own blessing he blessed them. [§]
Kol-aleh shivtei Yisrael shenay asar ve'zot asher diber lahem avihhem vayivarech otam ish asher kevirchato berach otam.
'Kol' means 'all', 'aleh' means 'these', 'shivtei' means 'the tribes of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'shenay' means 'twelve', 'asar' means 'twelve' (numeral), 've'zot' means 'and this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'avihhem' means 'their father', 'vayivarech' means 'and blessed', 'otam' means 'them', 'ish' means 'each man', 'asher' again 'who/that', 'kevirchato' means 'according to his blessing', 'berach' means 'blessed', 'otam' again 'them'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name is required.
[GEN.49.29] And he commanded them and said to them, 'I am gathered to my people; bury me with my ancestors in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite.' [§]
Vayetzav otam vayomer alehem Ani ne'esaf el ami kibru oti el avotai el hame'arah asher bisde efron hachiti.
'Vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'otam' means 'them', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Ani' means 'I', 'ne'esaf' means 'am gathered' or 'have assembled', 'el' means 'to', 'ami' means 'my people', 'kibru' means 'bury', 'oti' means 'me', 'el' means 'to', 'avotai' means 'my ancestors', 'el' means 'to', 'hame'arah' means 'the cave', 'asher' means 'that', 'bisde' means 'in the field', 'efron' means 'Ephron', 'hachiti' means 'the Hittite'.
[GEN.49.30] In the cave that is in the field of Machpelah which is on the face of Mamre in the land of Canaan which Abraham bought the field from Ephron the Hittite for a burial place. [§]
Bamme'ara asher bisde hamekaphela asher al-penei-mamre be'eretz kenaan asher kana avraham et-hasad me'et efron hachiti la'achuzat qaver.
'Bamme'ara' means 'in the cave'. 'asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'bisde' means 'in the field'. 'hamekaphela' means 'the field of Machpelah'. 'asher' again means 'which'. 'al-penei' means 'on the face of' or 'at the front of'. 'mamre' is the name Mamre. 'be'eretz' means 'in the land'. 'kenaan' means 'Canaan'. 'asher' again means 'that' or 'which'. 'kana' means 'bought'. 'avraham' is the name Abraham. 'et-hasad' means 'the field' (the direct object). 'me'et' means 'from'. 'efron' is the name Ephron. 'hachiti' means 'the Hittite'. 'la'achuzat' means 'for a burial place'. 'qaver' means 'grave' or 'burial'.
[GEN.49.31] There they buried Abraham and his wife Sarah; there they buried Isaac and his wife Rebecca; and there I buried Leah. [§]
shammah kavru et Avraham ve-et Sarah ishto shammah kavru et Yitzchak ve-et Rivkah ishto ve-shammah kavarti et Leah.
'shammah' means 'there', 'kavru' means 'they buried', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 've-et' means 'and', 'Sarah' is the name Sarah, 'ishto' means 'his wife', the second 'shammah' and 'kavru' repeat the same meanings, 'Yitzchak' means Isaac, 'Rivkah' means Rebecca, 've-shammah' means 'and there', 'kavarti' means 'I buried', and 'Leah' is the name Leah.
[GEN.49.32] The livestock of the field and the well that is in it, belonging to the sons of Chet. [§]
Mikne ha-sade ve-ham'ara asher bo me'et b'nei Chet.
'Mikne' means 'cattle' or 'livestock', 'ha-sade' means 'the field', 've-ham'ara' means 'and the well', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'bo' means 'in it', 'me'et' means 'from' or 'belonging to', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Chet' is a proper name referring to the descendants of Chet.
[GEN.49.33] And Jacob finished commanding his sons, and he set his feet on the bed, and he reclined and gathered to his people. [§]
Va yechal Yaakov le tzavot et banav va ye'esof raglav el ha mitah va yigva va ye'esof el amav.
'Va' means 'and', 'yechal' means 'finished', 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob, 'le' means 'to', 'tzavot' means 'command', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'banav' means 'his sons', 'va' means 'and', 'ye'esof' means 'gathered' or 'assembled', 'raglav' means 'his feet', 'el' means 'to', 'ha' means 'the', 'mitah' means 'bed' or 'mat', 'va' means 'and', 'yigva' means 'he reclined' or 'he lay down', 'va' means 'and', 'ye'esof' means 'gathered' again, 'el' means 'to', 'amav' means 'his people'.
GEN.50
[GEN.50.1] Joseph fell before his father's face; he wept over him and kissed him. [§]
Vayipol Yosef al-pnei aviv vayevach alav vayishaq lo.
'Vayipol' means 'and fell', 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph, 'al-pnei' means 'before the face of', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayevach' means 'and wept', 'alav' means 'over him', 'vayishaq' means 'and kissed', 'lo' means 'him'.
[GEN.50.2] And Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to cut his father; and the physicians cut Israel. [§]
Vayetzav Yosef et-avadav et-harophe'im lachannot et-aviv vayachantu harophe'im et-Yisrael.
'Vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'et-avadav' means 'his servants', 'et-harophe'im' means 'the physicians', 'lachannot' means 'to cut', 'et-aviv' means 'his father', 'vayachantu' means 'and they cut', 'harophe'im' again means 'the physicians', 'et-Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[GEN.50.3] And they filled for him forty days, because thus the days of the harvest will be filled, and Egypt wept for him seventy days. [§]
Vayimle'u-lo arba'im yom ki ken yimle'u yeme hachanutim vayivku oto Mitzrayim shiv'im yom.
'Vayimle'u' means 'and they filled', 'lo' means 'for him', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'yom' means 'days', 'ki' means 'because', 'ken' means 'thus', 'yimle'u' means 'will be filled', 'yeme' means 'the days of', 'hachanutim' means 'the harvest', 'vayivku' means 'and they wept', 'oto' means 'for him', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'shiv'im' means 'seventy', 'yom' means 'day'.
[GEN.50.4] And the days of his waiting passed, and Joseph spoke to the house of Pharaoh, saying, 'If, please, I have found favor in your eyes, speak, please, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying...'. [§]
Vayya'avru yemei bekhito vayedaber Yosef el-beit Par'oh le'emor im-na matzati chen be'eineichem dabru-na be'oznei Par'oh le'emor.
'Vayya\'avru' means 'and they passed', 'yemei' means 'the days of', 'bekhito' means 'his waiting' (or 'his mourning'), 'vayedaber' means 'and he spoke', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'el-beit' means 'to the house', 'Par\'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'le\'emor' means 'to say', 'im-na' means 'if, please', 'matzati' means 'I have found', 'chen' means 'favor', 'be\'eineichem' means 'in your eyes', 'dabru-na' means 'speak, please', 'be\'oznei' means 'in the ears of', 'Par\'oh' again 'Pharaoh', 'le\'emor' again 'to say'.
[GEN.50.5] My father made me vow, saying, 'Behold, I am dead in my grave that I have arranged for myself in the land of Canaan; there you shall bury me. And now I will go up, I will bury my father and I will return.' [§]
Avi hishbii'ani le'emor hineh anochi met beqivari asher kariti li be'eretz kena'an shamah tiqvbreni ve'ata e'ele-na ve'ekavra et-avi ve'ashuva.
'Avi' means 'my father', 'hishbii'ani' means 'made me vow', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'met' means 'am dead', 'beqivari' means 'in my grave', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'kariti' means 'I have arranged', 'li' means 'for me', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'kena'an' means 'Canaan', 'shamah' means 'there', 'tiqvbreni' means 'you will bury me', 've'ata' means 'and now', 'e'ele-na' means 'I will go up', 've'ekavra' means 'and I will bury', 'et-avi' means 'my father', 've'ashuva' means 'and I will return'.
[GEN.50.6] And Pharaoh said, 'Rise and bury your father as I have sworn to you.' [§]
Vayomer Paroh aleh ukevar et avikha ka'asher hisbiekha.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'aleh' means 'rise', 'ukevar' means 'and bury', 'et' is a grammatical marker introducing the direct object, 'avikha' means 'your father', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'hisbiekha' means 'I have sworn to you' (or 'I have promised you').
[GEN.50.7] And Joseph went up to bury his father, and all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, went up with him, and all the elders of the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayaal Yosef likbor et-aviv vayyaalu ito kol avdei Parho ziknei beito vechol ziknei eretz-Mitzrayim.
'Vayaal' means 'and he went up', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'likbor' means 'to bury', 'et-aviv' means 'his father', 'vayyaalu' means 'and they went up', 'ito' means 'with him', 'kol' means 'all', 'avdei' means 'servants of', 'Parho' means 'Pharaoh', 'ziknei' means 'elders of', 'beito' means 'his house', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'eretz-Mitzrayim' means 'the land of Egypt'.
[GEN.50.8] And all the house of Joseph and his brothers and the house of his father, only their livestock and their sheep and their cattle, they left in the land of Goshen. [§]
vechol beit Yosef ve'echav uveit aviv rak tappam ve'tzonam u'vekaram azvu be'eretz Goshen.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yosef' is the personal name 'Joseph', 've'echav' means 'and his brothers', 'uveit' means 'and the house of', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'rak' means 'only', 'tappam' means 'their livestock or herd', 've'tzonam' means 'and their sheep', 'u'vekaram' means 'and their cattle', 'azvu' means 'they left or abandoned', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Goshen' is the name of a region.
[GEN.50.9] And also chariots and also horsemen went up with him, and the camp was very heavy. [§]
Vaya'al immo gam-rechev gam-parashim vayhi ha-machaneh kaved meod.
'Vaya'al' means 'And he went up', 'immo' means 'with him', 'gam-rechev' means 'also chariot(s)', 'gam-parashim' means 'also horsemen' (cavalry), 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'ha-machaneh' means 'the camp', 'kaved' means 'heavy', 'meod' means 'very'.
[GEN.50.10] They came to Goren of Otad which is across the Jordan, and they mourned there with a great and very heavy lament, and he made for his father a lament of seven days. [§]
vayavohu ad-goren haotad asher beever hayarden vayispedu-sham misped gadol vekaved meod vayas leaviv evel shivat yamim.
'vayavohu' means 'they came', 'ad' means 'to', 'goren' is a place name (Goren), 'haotad' means 'the Otad' (a locality), 'asher' means 'which' or 'that', 'beever' means 'across' or 'beyond', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan (river)', 'vayispedu-sham' means 'they mourned there', 'misped' means 'a mourning', 'gadol' means 'great', 'vekaved' means 'and heavy', 'meod' means 'very', 'vayas' means 'and he made', 'leaviv' means 'for his father', 'evel' means 'a lament' or 'mourning', 'shivat' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days'.
[GEN.50.11] And the Canaanite dweller of the land saw the grief in the grain of the cedar and they said, This is a great grief for Egypt; therefore it was called the grief of Egypt, which is beyond the Jordan. [§]
vaYare Yoshev haAretz haKenaani etAavel beGoren haOtad vaYomru AavelKaved zeh leMitsrayim alKen kara shemah AavelMitsrayim asher beEver haYarden.
'vaYare' means 'and saw', 'Yoshev' means 'the dweller', 'haAretz' means 'the land', 'haKenaani' means 'the Canaanite', 'etAavel' means 'the grief', 'beGoren' means 'in the grain', 'haOtad' means 'the cedar', 'vaYomru' means 'and they said', 'AavelKaved' means 'great grief', 'zeh' means 'this', 'leMitsrayim' means 'for Egypt', 'alKen' means 'therefore', 'kara' means 'it was called', 'shemah' means 'its name', 'AavelMitsrayim' means 'the grief of Egypt', 'asher' means 'which', 'beEver' means 'beyond', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan'.
[GEN.50.12] And his sons did so for him, just as they had commanded. [§]
Vayya'asu vanav lo ken ka'asher tzivam.
'Vayya'asu' means 'and they did' or 'and they made', 'vanav' means 'his sons', 'lo' means 'for him', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'tzivam' means 'they commanded (it)'.
[GEN.50.13] And his sons lifted him up the land of Canaan and they buried him in the cave of the field of the burial place that Abraham bought the field for a burial from Ephron the Hittite on the face of Mamre. [§]
Vayisa'u oto banav artzah kena'an vayikberu oto bim'arat sdeh hamakp'ela asher kanah Avraham et-hasadeh la'achuzat-kever me'et Efron hachiti al-penei Mamre.
'Vayisa'u' means 'and they lifted up', 'oto' means 'him', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'artzah' means 'the land', 'kena'an' means 'of Canaan', 'vayikberu' means 'and they buried', 'bim'arat' means 'in the cave of', 'sdeh' means 'field', 'hamakp'ela' means 'the burial place', 'asher' means 'that', 'kanah' means 'bought', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'et-hasadeh' means 'the field', 'la'achuzat-kever' means 'for a burial place', 'me'et' means 'from', 'Efron' means 'Ephron', 'hachiti' means 'the Hittite', 'al-penei' means 'on the face of', 'Mamre' means 'Mamre'.
[GEN.50.14] And Joseph returned from Egypt, he and his brothers and all those who went up with him, to bury his father after they had buried his father. [§]
vayashav joseph mi-tzrayma hu ve-echav vechol ha-olim ito likbor et aviv acharei kavro et aviv
'vayashav' means 'and he returned', 'joseph' is the name Joseph, 'mi-tzrayma' means 'from Egypt', 'hu' means 'he' or 'himself', 've-echav' means 'and his brothers', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ha-olim' means 'the ones going up', 'ito' means 'with him', 'likbor' means 'to bury', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'aviv' means 'his father', 'acharei' means 'after', 'kavro' means 'the burial of him', the second 'et aviv' repeats 'his father' as the object of burial.
[GEN.50.15] And Joseph's brothers saw that their father was dead, and they said, "Let Joseph deceive us, and bring back to us all the evil that we have done to him." [§]
Vayireu achi-Yosef ki met aviham vayomru lo yishtamenu Yosef vehashev yashiv lanu et kol hara asher gamalnu oto.
'Vayireu' means 'and they saw', 'achi-Yosef' means 'the brothers of Joseph', 'ki' means 'since' or 'that', 'met' means 'died', 'aviham' means 'their father', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'lo' means 'let', 'yishtamenu' means 'deceive us', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'vehashev' means 'and bring back', 'yashiv' means 'return', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'hara' means 'the evil', 'asher' means 'that', 'gamalnu' means 'we have done', 'oto' means 'to him'.
[GEN.50.16] And they commanded Joseph, saying, 'Your father commanded before his death, saying...' [§]
Vayetzavu el-Yosef le'emor avikha tzivah lifnei moto le'emor.
'Vayetzavu' means 'and they commanded', 'el' means 'to' (here attached to a name), 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph, 'le'emor' means 'to say' or 'saying', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'tzivah' means 'ordered' or 'commanded', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'moto' means 'his death', and the final 'le'emor' again means 'saying' introducing the quoted words.
[GEN.50.17] Thus you shall say to Joseph, 'Please take now the sin of your brothers and their iniquity, for evil has repaid you; and now please take for the sin of the servants of the Gods of your father.' And Joseph wept at their words to him. [§]
Ko to'ameru leYosef ana sa na pesha achekha vechatatam ki ra'ah gemaluka ve'atah sa na lepesha avdei Elohei avikha vayevekh Yosef bedabram elav.
'Ko' means 'Thus', 'to'ameru' means 'you shall say', 'leYosef' means 'to Joseph', 'ana' means 'please', 'sa na' means 'take now' or 'bear now', 'pesha' means 'sin', 'achekha' means 'your brothers', 'vechatatam' means 'and their iniquity', 'ki' means 'for', 'ra'ah' means 'evil', 'gemaluka' (from gemal) means 'has repaid you' or 'has avenged you', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'lepesha' means 'for the sin of', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'avikha' means 'of your father', 'vayevekh' means 'and he wept', 'Yosef' is the name Joseph, 'bedabram' means 'at their words', 'elav' means 'to him'. The divine name 'Elohei' is rendered as 'the Gods' according to the literal translation rule.
[GEN.50.18] And his brothers also went, and fell before him, and they said, Behold, we are yours as servants. [§]
Vayelekhu gam-echav vayiplu lefanav vayomeru hineinu lekha laavdim.
'Vayelekhu' means 'and they went', 'gam-echav' means 'also his brothers', 'vayiplu' means 'and they fell', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'hineinu' means 'behold, we are', 'lekha' means 'to you/for you', 'laavdim' means 'as servants' or 'as slaves'.
[GEN.50.19] And he said to them, Joseph, do not be afraid, because I am under the Gods. [§]
Vayomer alehem Yosef al-tira'u ki hatachat Elohim ani.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'al-tira'u' means 'do not be afraid', 'ki' means 'because', 'hatachat' means 'under', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ani' means 'I'.
[GEN.50.20] And you thought evil against me; the Gods thought it good for the purpose of doing as today to bring to life many people. [§]
veatem hashavtem alai raah Elohim hashavah letovah lemaan asah kayom hazeh lehachayot am rav.
'veatem' means 'and you (plural)'; 'hashavtem' means 'thought'; 'alai' means 'against me'; 'raah' means 'evil'; 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'; 'hashavah' means 'thought it'; 'letovah' means 'good'; 'lemaan' means 'for the purpose of'; 'asah' means 'to do' or 'to make'; 'kayom' means 'as today'; 'hazeh' means 'this'; 'lehachayot' means 'to bring to life'; 'am' means 'people'; 'rav' means 'many'.
[GEN.50.21] Now do not be afraid, I will preserve you and your offspring, and Yahveh comforted them and spoke to their hearts. [§]
Ve'atah al-tirau anochi akalkel etkhem ve-et-taphekhem vaynachem otam vaydabber al-libam.
'Ve'atah' means 'and now', 'al-tirau' means 'do not be afraid', 'anochi' means 'I', 'akalkel' means 'will preserve or keep', 'etkhem' means 'you (plural)', 've-et-taphekhem' means 'and your offspring', 'vaynachem' means 'and He comforted', 'otam' means 'them', 'vaydabber' means 'and He spoke', 'al-libam' means 'to their heart(s)'. The pronoun 'He' refers to the divine name Yahveh.
[GEN.50.22] And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he and the house of his father; and Joseph lived one hundred and ten years. [§]
Va-yeshev Yosef be-Mitzrayim hu u-veit aviv va-yechi Yosef mea va-eshar shanim.
'Va-yeshev' means 'and he dwelt', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'be-Mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'hu' means 'he', 'u-veit' means 'and the house', 'aviv' means 'of his father', 'va-yechi' means 'and he lived', 'mea' means 'one hundred', 'va-eshar' means 'and ten', 'shanim' means 'years'.
[GEN.50.23] And Joseph saw the sons of Ephraim, the thirty sons; also the sons of Machir son of Menashe were born upon Joseph's knees. [§]
Vayar Yosef le-Ephraim b'nei shileshim, gam b'nei Machir ben-Menashe yuldu al birkei Yosef.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'le-Ephraim' means 'to/for Ephraim', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'shileshim' means 'thirty', so 'b'nei shileshim' = 'the thirty sons', 'gam' means 'also', 'Machir' is a personal name, 'ben-Menashe' means 'son of Menashe', 'yuldu' means 'were born', 'al' means 'upon', 'birkei' means 'the knees of', and the final 'Yosef' repeats the name Joseph.
[GEN.50.24] And Joseph said to his brothers, 'I am dead, and the Gods will judge you and will bring you up from this land to the land that was sworn to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.' [§]
Vayomer Yosef el-echav anochi met veElohim pakod yipkod etkhem veheila etkhem min-haaretz hazot el-haaretz asher nishba leAvraham leYitzhak uleyakov.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'el-echav' means 'to his brothers', 'anochi' means 'I', 'met' means 'am dead', 'veElohim' means 'and the Gods', 'pakod' means 'will judge', 'yipkod' means 'will judge (future)', 'etkhem' means 'you (plural)', 'veheila' means 'and will bring up', 'min-haaretz' means 'from the land', 'hazot' means 'this', 'el-haaretz' means 'to the land', 'asher' means 'that', 'nishba' means 'was sworn', 'leAvraham' means 'to Abraham', 'leYitzhak' means 'to Isaac', 'uleyakov' means 'to Jacob'.
[GEN.50.25] And Joseph swore the children of Israel, saying, 'Thus will the Gods punish you, and you will lift up my bones from this.' [§]
Vayashba Yosef et-b'nei Yisrael le'emor pakod yifkod Elohim etchem veha'alitem et-atzmotai mi-zeh.
'Vayashba' means 'and he swore', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'et-b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'pakod' means 'thus' or 'surely', 'yifkod' means 'will punish', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'etchem' means 'you', 'veha'alitem' means 'and you will lift up', 'et-atzmotai' means 'my bones', 'mi-zeh' means 'from this'.
[GEN.50.26] And Joseph died, a son of one hundred and ten years, and they embalmed him, and placed him in a coffin in Egypt. [§]
Vayamat Yosef ben-mea ve'aser shanim vayachantu oto vayisem ba'aron b'mitzrayim.
'Vayamat' means 'and died', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 'ben-mea ve'aser' means 'son of one hundred and ten', 'shanim' means 'years', 'vayachantu' means 'and they embalmed', 'oto' means 'him', 'vayisem' means 'and they placed', 'ba'aron' means 'in a coffin', 'b'mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt'.