EXO (Exodus)
EXO.1 • EXO.2 • EXO.3 • EXO.4 • EXO.5 • EXO.6 • EXO.7 • EXO.8 • EXO.9 • EXO.10 • EXO.11 • EXO.12 • EXO.13 • EXO.14 • EXO.15 • EXO.16 • EXO.17 • EXO.18 • EXO.19 • EXO.20 • EXO.21 • EXO.22 • EXO.23 • EXO.24 • EXO.25 • EXO.26 • EXO.27 • EXO.28 • EXO.29 • EXO.30 • EXO.31 • EXO.32 • EXO.33 • EXO.34 • EXO.35 • EXO.36 • EXO.37 • EXO.38 • EXO.39 • EXO.40
EXO.1
[EXO.1.1] And these are the names of the sons of Israel who came from Egypt: Jacob the man and his household came. [§]
Ve'eleh shemot b'nei Yisrael habba'im miTzrayma et Ya'akov ish u'veito ba'u.
'Ve'eleh' means 'and these', 'shemot' means 'names', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'habba'im' means 'the ones who came', 'miTzrayma' means 'from Egypt', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Ya'akov' means 'Jacob', 'ish' means 'man' (referring to Jacob as the head of the family), 'u'veito' means 'and his household', 'ba'u' means 'they came'.
[EXO.1.2] Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah. [§]
Reuben Shim'on Levi vYehudah.
'Reuben' is the name of the first tribe, 'Shim'on' is the name of the second tribe, 'Levi' is the name of the third tribe, 'vYehudah' combines the conjunction 'v' meaning 'and' with 'Yehudah' the name of the fourth tribe.
[EXO.1.3] Yissachar, Zebulun and Benjamin. [§]
Yissachar Zebulun and Benjamin.
'Yissachar' is the name of a tribe of Israel descended from Jacob's son Yissachar; 'Zebulun' is the name of another tribe; 'and' reflects the Hebrew conjunction "ve" meaning "and"; 'Benjamin' is the name of the third tribe.
[EXO.1.4] Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher. [§]
Dan ve naftali gad ve ashar.
'Dan' is a tribal name meaning 'judge' or 'he judged'. 've' is the Hebrew conjunction meaning 'and'. 'Naphtali' is a tribal name meaning 'my wrestling' or 'my struggle'. 'Gad' is a tribal name meaning 'fortune' or 'good luck'. 'Asher' is a tribal name meaning 'happy' or 'blessed'. The phrase lists four of Jacob's sons or tribes in a simple series.
[EXO.1.5] And it was that all the persons who came forth from the loins of Jacob, seventy souls, and Joseph was in Egypt. [§]
Vayehi kol nefesh yotzei yerekh Yaakov shivim nefesh veyosef haya bmitzrayim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was'; 'kol nefesh' means 'all the souls' (i.e., all the persons); 'yotzei' means 'who went out' or 'who came forth'; 'yerekh Yaakov' literally 'the loins of Jacob', idiomatically 'the descendants of Jacob'; 'shivim nefesh' means 'seventy souls'; 'veyosef' means 'and Joseph'; 'haya' means 'was'; 'bmitzrayim' means 'in Egypt'.
[EXO.1.6] And Joseph died, and all his brothers, and all that generation. [§]
Vayamat Yosef vechol echav vechol hador hahu.
'Vayamat' means 'and died', 'Yosef' is the personal name Joseph, 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'chol' means 'all', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'hador' means 'the generation', 'hahu' means 'that'.
[EXO.1.7] And the children of Israel multiplied, grew strong, increased greatly, and the earth was filled with them. [§]
Uve'nei Yisrael paru vayishretzu vayirbu vayatzmu bimeod meod vtimale haaretz otam.
'Uve'nei' means 'and the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'paru' means 'multiplied', 'vayishretzu' means 'and grew strong', 'vayirbu' means 'and increased', 'vayatzmu' means 'and became mighty', 'bimeod meod' means 'to a great degree', 'vtimale' means 'and was filled', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'otam' means 'with them'.
[EXO.1.8] And a new king arose over Egypt who did not know Joseph. [§]
Vayakam melech chadash al Mitzrayim asher lo yada et Yosef.
'Vayakam' means 'and arose', 'melech' means 'king', 'chadash' means 'new', 'al' means 'over', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada' means 'knew', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'Yosef' means 'Joseph'.
[EXO.1.9] And he said to his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are many and strong beyond them. [§]
Vayomer el-ammo hinneh am b'nei Yisrael rav ve'atzum mimenu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el-ammo' means 'to his people', 'hinneh' means 'behold', 'am' means 'people', 'b'nei' means 'of the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'rav' means 'many', 've'atzum' means 'and strong', 'mimenu' means 'more than them' or 'beyond them'.
[EXO.1.10] Give, let us become wise concerning him lest he increase, and it will be because war is called, and also he will add against our haters, and he will fight us and rise from the earth. [§]
haba nitkhachmah lo pen yirbeh vehayah ki tiqrena milchamah venosaf gam hu al soneinu venilcham-banu ve'ala min haaretz.
'haba' means 'give' (imperative), 'nitkhachmah' means 'let us become wise', 'lo' means 'concerning him' or 'to him', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yirbeh' means 'he will increase', 'vehayah' means 'and it will be', 'ki' means 'because', 'tiqrena' means 'it will be called', 'milchamah' means 'war', 'venosaf' means 'and he will add', 'gam' means 'also', 'hu' means 'he', 'al' means 'against', 'soneinu' means 'our haters', 'venilcham-banu' means 'and he will fight us', 've'ala' means 'and will go up', 'min' means 'from', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[EXO.1.11] They placed chief taskmasters over him in order to oppress him with their burdens, and he built cities of forced labor for Pharaoh, Pitom and Rameses. [§]
vayassimu alav sarei misim lemaan anoto besivlotam vayiven arei miskenot lepharaoh et-pitum ve-et-raameses.
'vayassimu' means 'they set', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'sarei' means 'chiefs', 'misim' means 'taskmasters', 'lemean' means 'in order to', 'anoto' means 'oppress him', 'besivlotam' means 'with their burdens', 'vayiven' means 'and he built', 'arei' means 'cities of', 'miskenot' means 'places of forced labor', 'lepharaoh' means 'for Pharaoh', 'et-pitum' means the city name Pitom, 've-et-raameses' means 'and the city name Rameses'.
[EXO.1.12] And as they answered him, so he increased, and so he burst forth, and they were cut off before the children of Israel. [§]
vekaasher yeannu oto ken yirbeh vechen yifrotz vayakuttzu mipenei b'nei Yisrael.
'vekaasher' means 'and as/when', 'yeannu' means 'they answer', 'oto' means 'him/it', 'ken' means 'so/thus', 'yirbeh' means 'he will increase', 'vechen' means 'and so', 'yifrotz' means 'he will burst forth', 'vayakuttzu' means 'and they were cut off', 'mipenei' means 'before/because of', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.1.13] And they served Egypt the children of Israel in fear. [§]
Vayyaavdu Mitzrayim et-b'nei Yisrael befarekh.
'Vayyaavdu' means 'and they served', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no meaning in English, 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', and 'befarekh' means 'in fear' or 'with trembling'.
[EXO.1.14] And they made their lives bitter with hard labor in clay and in bricks and in all work in the field, all their labor which they had worked in with a basket. [§]
Vayemarreu et chayyehem baavodah kasha bechomer uvilveinim uvechol avodah basade et kol avodatah asher avdu bahem beparekh.
'Vayemarreu' means 'and they made bitter', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'chayyehem' means 'their lives', 'baavodah' means 'in labor', 'kasha' means 'hard', 'bechomer' means 'in clay', 'uvilveinim' means 'and in bricks', 'uvechol' means 'and in all', 'avodah' means 'work', 'basade' means 'in the field', 'et' again is a marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'avodatah' means 'their labor', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'avdu' means 'they worked', 'bahem' means 'in them', 'beparekh' means 'in a basket'.
[EXO.1.15] And the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, the name of the one was Shiphrah and the name of the other was Puah. [§]
Vayomer Melekh Mitzrayim lamilyadot haivriot asher shem haachat Shipra veshem hasheniit Puah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Melekh' means 'king', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lamilyadot' means 'to the midwives', 'haivriot' means 'the Hebrew', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'shem' means 'name', 'haachat' means 'the first', 'Shipra' is a proper name, 'veshem' means 'and name', 'hasheniit' means 'the second', 'Puah' is a proper name.
[EXO.1.16] And he said, in your youth the Hebrew woman, and you will see upon the stones: if he is a son, you shall kill him; but if she is a daughter, she shall live. [§]
Vayomer beyeladkhen et-ha'ivriot ure'iten al-ha'avanim im ben hu vahamitten oto ve-im bat hi vachayah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'beyeladkhen' means 'in your youth', 'et-ha'ivriot' means 'the Hebrew woman', 'ure'iten' means 'and you will see', 'al-ha'avanim' means 'upon the stones', 'im' means 'if', 'ben' means 'son', 'hu' means 'he', 'vahamitten' means 'and you shall kill', 'oto' means 'him', 've-im' means 'but if', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'hi' means 'she', 'vachayah' means 'and she shall live'.
[EXO.1.17] And the midwives feared the Gods and did not do as the king of Egypt spoke to them, and they kept alive the children. [§]
vattirena ha-myaldot et ha-Elohim velo asu ka'asher diber aleihen melekh Mitzrayim vattachayena et hayladim.
'vattirena' means 'and they feared', 'ha-myaldot' means 'the midwives', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'velo' means 'and not', 'asu' means 'they did', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'aleihen' means 'to them', 'melekh' means 'king', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vattachayena' means 'and they kept alive', 'et' again the object marker, 'hayladim' means 'the children'.
[EXO.1.18] And the king of Egypt called the midwives and said to them, 'Why do you do this thing?' And they kept the children alive. [§]
Vayikra Melek Mitzrayim lam-yaldot vayomer lahen madua asiten hadavar hazeh vatechayina et-hayladim.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Melek' means 'king', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lam-yaldot' means 'to the midwives', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lahen' means 'to them', 'madua' means 'why', 'asiten' means 'do you do' (feminine plural), 'hadavar' means 'this thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vatechayina' means 'and they kept alive' (feminine plural), 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'hayladim' means 'the children'.
[EXO.1.19] And the midwives said to Pharaoh, "Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, they are alive; before the midwife comes to them, they give birth." [§]
vatoamrna hamilyaddedot el-faroh ki lo kanashim hamitzriot haivriot ki-chayot henah beterem tavo alehen hamilyaledet ve-yadu.
'vatoamrna' means 'and they said', 'hamilyaddedot' means 'the midwives', 'el-faroh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'kanashim' means 'like women', 'hamitzriot' means 'the Egyptian', 'haivriot' means 'the Hebrew', 'ki-chayot' means 'they are alive', 'henah' means 'they are', 'beterem' means 'before', 'tavo' means 'comes', 'alehen' means 'to them', 'hamilyaledet' means 'the midwife', 've-yadu' means 'and they give birth'.
[EXO.1.20] And the Gods were good to the midwives, and the people multiplied and grew very strong. [§]
vayeitob Elohim lam-yaldot vayirev haam vayyaatzmu meod.
'vayeitob' means 'and (he) was good', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lam-yaldot' means 'to the midwives', 'vayirev' means 'and (they) multiplied', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayyaatzmu' means 'and (they) grew strong', 'meod' means 'very'.
[EXO.1.21] It happened because the midwives feared the Gods, and he made houses for them. [§]
Vayehi ki yare'u hammeyladot et haElohim vayaa's lahem batim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'it happened', 'ki' means 'because', 'yare'u' means 'they feared', 'hammeyladot' means 'the midwives', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'vaya'as' means 'and he made', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'batim' means 'houses'.
[EXO.1.22] And Pharaoh commanded all his people, saying, 'Every son that is born you shall cast into the river, and every daughter you shall keep alive.' [§]
Vayetzav Paroh lekhol-ammo le'emor kol-haben hayillod hayeyora tashlichuhu ve'kol-habat techayon.
'Vayetzav' means 'and (he) commanded', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'lekhol-ammo' means 'to all his people', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'kol-haben' means 'every son', 'hayillod' means 'that is born', 'hayeyora' means 'the river', 'tashlichuhu' means 'you shall cast him', 've'kol-habat' means 'and every daughter', 'techayon' means 'you shall keep alive'.
EXO.2
[EXO.2.1] And a man from the house of Levi took a daughter of Levi. [§]
Vayelekh ish mi-beit Levi vayikach et-bat-Levi.
'Vayelekh' means 'and (he) went', 'ish' means 'a man', 'mi-beit' means 'from the house of', 'Levi' is a proper name, 'vayikach' means 'and (he) took', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'bat-Levi' means 'the daughter of Levi'.
[EXO.2.2] And the woman conceived and gave birth to a son, and she saw that he was good, and she hid him three months. [§]
vatah ar ha'isha vateled ben vate're otoh ki-tov hu vati tzpenehu sheloshah yerachim.
'vatah' means 'and she conceived', 'ar' is a vowel prefix indicating continuation, 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'vateled' means 'and she gave birth', 'ben' means 'son', 'vate're' means 'and she saw', 'otoh' means 'him', 'ki-tov' means 'that he is good', 'hu' means 'he', 'vati' means 'and she', 'tzpenehu' means 'hid him', 'sheloshah' means 'three', 'yerachim' means 'months'.
[EXO.2.3] And she could not yet watch, and she took for him a reed basket, and she sewed it with amber and with zinc, and she placed the child in it, and she placed it in the ash upon the lip of the river. [§]
ve'lo yakhlah od hatzefino va-tikkach-lo tevat gome va-tahchmera ba-hemar u-ba-za'fet va-tasem bah et-hayeled va-tasem ba-suf al-sfat hayor.
've'lo' means 'and not', 'yakhlah' means 'could not', 'od' means 'anymore', 'hatzefino' means 'the watch', 'va-tikkach-lo' means 'and she took for him', 'tevat' means 'a basket', 'gome' means 'of reed', 'va-tahchmera' means 'and she sewed', 'ba-hemar' means 'with amber', 'u-ba-za'fet' means 'and with zinc', 'va-tasem' means 'and she placed', 'bah' means 'in it', 'et-hayeled' means 'the child', 'ba-suf' means 'in the ash', 'al-sfat' means 'upon the lip', 'hayor' means 'the river'.
[EXO.2.4] And she stood her brother far away to find out what would happen to him. [§]
vatetatzav achoto merachok ledeah mah yeaseh lo.
'vatetatzav' means 'and she stood', 'achoto' means 'her brother', 'merachok' means 'from a distance', 'ledeah' means 'to know' or 'to find out', 'mah yeaseh' means 'what will happen', 'lo' means 'to him'. The sentence describes someone positioning her brother far away in order to observe what will happen to him.
[EXO.2.5] The daughter of Pharaoh went down to wash herself by the river and her maidservants were walking by the river bank, and she saw the basket among the reeds and she sent her maid and took it. [§]
vatered bat-paroh lirchot al hayaar vena'aroteha holech al yad hayaar vatereh et hatteva betoch hasuf vatishlach et amatah vatiqqeha.
'vatered' means 'and she went down', 'bat-paroh' means 'daughter of Pharaoh', 'lirchot' means 'to wash', 'al' means 'on' or 'by', 'hayaar' means 'the river', 'vena'aroteha' means 'and her maidservants', 'holech' means 'were walking', 'al' means 'by', 'yad' means 'bank' (literally 'hand'), 'hayaar' again 'the river', 'vatereh' means 'and she saw', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hatteva' means 'the basket', 'betoch' means 'within' or 'in', 'hasuf' means 'the reeds', 'vatishlach' means 'and she sent', 'et' marker again, 'amatah' means 'her maid', 'vatiqqeha' means 'and she took it'.
[EXO.2.6] And she opened and saw the child, and behold a boy weeping; she had compassion on him and said, 'Of the Hebrews' children, this is.' [§]
Vatefatch ve'tirehu et-hayelekh vehineh-ne'ar bocheh vatachmol alav vato'amer miyaldei ha'ivrim zeh.
'Vatefatch' means 'and she opened', 've'tirehu' means 'and she saw him', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hayelekh' means 'the child', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'ne'ar' means 'a boy', 'bocheh' means 'weeping', 'vatachmol' means 'and she had compassion', 'alav' means 'on him', 'vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'miyaldei' means 'of the children of', 'ha'ivrim' means 'the Hebrews', 'zeh' means 'this'.
[EXO.2.7] And she said to Pharaoh's daughter, "Shall I go, and I will call you a Hebrew woman, and you will take the child for yourself." [§]
va tomer achoto el bat Paroh ha elekh ve karati lakh isha meinekhet min ha ivriot ve teinik lakh et ha yaled.
'va' means 'and', 'tomer' means 'she said', 'achoto' means 'her sister', 'el' means 'to', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'elekh' means 'shall I go', 've' means 'and', 'karati' means 'I will call', 'lakh' means 'to you' (feminine), 'isha' means 'woman', 'meinekhet' means 'a Hebrew woman', 'min' means 'from', 'ivriot' means 'Hebrews' (feminine plural), 've' means 'and', 'teinik' means 'you will take', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'ha yaled' means 'the child'.
[EXO.2.8] And the daughter of Pharaoh said to her, 'Go', and the maid went out and called the child's mother. [§]
Vatoamer la bat Paroh lechi vateilech ha almah vatikra et em ha yeled.
'Vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'la' means 'to her', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'lechi' means 'go', 'vateilech' means 'and she went', 'ha almah' means 'the maid', 'vatikra' means 'and she called', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'em' means 'mother', 'ha yeled' means 'the child'.
[EXO.2.9] And the daughter of Pharaoh said to her, 'Take this child and nurse him for me, and I will give you your wages.' And the woman took the child and nursed him. [§]
vatomer lah bat-paroh heilikhi et-hayeled hazeh vehenikhu li va'ani eten et-shekharek vatikkah ha'isha hayeled vatnikhu
'vatomer' means 'and she said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'bat-paroh' means 'daughter of Pharaoh', 'heilikhi' means 'take', 'et-hayeled' means 'the child', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vehenikhu' means 'and nurse him', 'li' means 'for me', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'eten' means 'will give', 'et-shekharek' means 'your wages', 'vatikkah' means 'and she took', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'hayeled' means 'the child', 'vatnikhu' means 'and she nursed him'.
[EXO.2.10] And the child grew, and she brought him to Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. And she named him Moses, saying, "because from the water I drew him out." [§]
Vayigdal ha-yeled vatevi'ehu lebat-Pharaoh vayhi leha levven vatikra shmo Moshe vato'amer ki min ha-mayim meshitehu.
'Vayigdal' means 'and (he) grew', 'ha-yeled' means 'the child', 'vatevi'ehu' means 'and she brought him', 'lebat-Pharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh's daughter', 'vayhi' means 'and he became', 'leha' means 'to her', 'levven' means 'a son', 'vatikra' means 'and she named', 'shmo' means 'him', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'ki' means 'because', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-mayim' means 'the water', 'meshitehu' means 'I drew him out'.
[EXO.2.11] And it happened in those days that Moses grew up, and he went out to his brethren, and he saw among them, and he saw an Egyptian striking a Hebrew, his brother. [§]
Vayehi bayamim hahem vayiggadel Moshe vayetse el-echav vayyar be-sivlotam vayyar ish Mitsri makkeh ish-ivri me'echav.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'bayamim' means 'in the days', 'hahem' means 'those', 'vayiggadel' means 'and he grew (up)', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayetse' means 'and he went out', 'el-echav' means 'to his brethren', 'vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'be-sivlotam' means 'among them', 'vayyar' again means 'and he saw', 'ish' means 'a man', 'Mitsri' means 'Egyptian', 'makkeh' means 'striking', 'ish-ivri' means 'a Hebrew man', 'me'echav' means 'from his brethren'.
[EXO.2.12] He turned this way and that way, and he saw that there was no man, and he struck the Egyptian and hid him in the sand. [§]
Vayifen ko ho vako vayare ki ein ish vayach et haMitzri vayitmenohu bachol.
'Vayifen' means 'and he turned', 'ko' means 'this', 'ho' means 'that', 'vako' means 'and that', 'vayare' means 'and he saw', 'ki' means 'that', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'ish' means 'man', 'vayach' means 'and he struck', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'haMitzri' means 'the Egyptian', 'vayitmenohu' means 'and he hid him', 'bachol' means 'in the sand'.
[EXO.2.13] And on the second day he went out, and behold two Hebrew men were crossing, and he said to the wicked, 'Why do you strike your companion?'. [§]
vayyetse ba-yom ha-sheni ve-hineh shenei anashim ivrim nitsim vayomer la-rasha lama takeh re'acha.
'vayyetse' means 'and he went out', 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-sheni' means 'the second', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'shenei' means 'two', 'anashim' means 'men', 'ivrim' means 'Hebrew', 'nitsim' means 'are crossing', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'la-rasha' means 'to the wicked', 'lama' means 'why', 'takeh' means 'do you strike', 're'acha' means 'your companion'.
[EXO.2.14] And he said, 'Who has placed you as a chief and judge over us? Shall you kill me? You say as you killed the Egyptian.' And Moses was afraid and said, 'Indeed the matter is known.' [§]
Vayyomer mi shamakha le'ish sar ve'shofet aleinu halhargeni attah omer ka'asher haragta et-hamitzri vayyira Moshe vayomer achen noda hadavar.
'Vayyomer' means 'and he said', 'mi' means 'who', 'shamakha' means 'has placed you' or 'has set you', 'le'ish' means 'to a man', 'sar' means 'chief' or 'ruler', 've'shofet' means 'and judge', 'aleinu' means 'over us', 'halhargeni' means 'shall you kill me' (a rhetorical question), 'attah' means 'you', 'omer' means 'say', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'haragta' means 'you killed', 'et-hamitzri' means 'the Egyptian', 'vayyira' means 'and was afraid', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'achen' means 'indeed' or 'truly', 'noda' means 'known' or 'revealed', 'hadavar' means 'the matter' or 'the thing'.
[EXO.2.15] And Pharaoh heard this thing, and he sought to kill Moses; and Moses fled from before Pharaoh, and he dwelt in the land of Midian, and he dwelt by the well. [§]
vayishma Paroh et-hadavar hazeh vayevakesh laharog et-Moshe vayivrach Moshe mipnei Paroh vayyashav be-eretz Midyan vayashav al-habe'er.
'vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hadavar' means 'the thing' or 'the word', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vayevakesh' means 'and he sought', 'laharog' means 'to kill', 'et-Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayivrach' means 'and he fled', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'mipnei' means 'from before', 'Paroh' again means 'Pharaoh', 'vayyashav' means 'and he dwelt', 'be-eretz' means 'in the land', 'Midyan' means 'Midian', 'vayyashav' again means 'and he dwelt', 'al-habe'er' means 'by the well'.
[EXO.2.16] And to the priest of Midian, [who had] seven daughters, and they came, and she gave birth, and she filled the young so as to give drink to the flock of their father. [§]
Ulekohen Midyan sheva banot vata'vo'na vattid'leha vattmal'ena et-harhatim lehashqot tzon avihen.
'Ulekohen' means 'and to the priest', 'Midyan' means 'of Midian', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'banot' means 'daughters', 'vata'vo'na' means 'and they came', 'vattid'leha' means 'and she gave birth', 'vattmal'ena' means 'and she filled', 'et-harhatim' means 'the young (animals)', 'lehashqot' means 'to give drink to', 'tzon' means 'flock', 'avihen' means 'their father'.
[EXO.2.17] And the shepherds came and drove them out, and Moses and Aaron arose and gave drink to their flock. [§]
Vayyavo'u haro'im vayegarshem vayyakam Moshe vayYoshian vayashaq et tzonam.
'Vayyavo'u' means 'and they came', 'haro'im' means 'the shepherds', 'vayegarshem' means 'and they drove them out', 'vayyakam' means 'and Moses arose', 'vayYoshian' means 'and Aaron arose', 'vayashaq' means 'and gave drink', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'tzonam' means 'their flock'.
[EXO.2.18] And she came to Reuel her father, and he said, "Why are you hurrying to come today?". [§]
Vattavona el-Reuel avihen vayomer madua mirhten bo hayom.
'Vattavona' means 'and she came', 'el-Reuel' means 'to Reuel', 'avihen' means 'her father', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'madua' means 'why', 'mirhten' means 'are you hurrying', 'bo' means 'come', 'hayom' means 'today'.
[EXO.2.19] And she said, 'An Egyptian man saved us from the hand of the shepherds, and also he provided for us, and he gave drink to the sheep.' [§]
vato'merna ish mi-tzri hi-tzi-lanu mi-yad ha-ro'im ve-gam daloh dala lanu vayashq et ha-tzon.
'vato\'merna' means 'and (she) said', 'ish' means 'man', 'mi-tzri' means 'Egyptian', 'hi-tzi-lanu' means 'saved us', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'ha-ro\'im' means 'the shepherds', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'daloh' is a difficult word that likely conveys the idea of 'providing' or 'supplying', 'dala' is a parallel form meaning 'provided', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'vayashq' means 'and he gave drink', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-tzon' means 'the sheep'.
[EXO.2.20] And he said to his daughters, 'Why is this? You have left the man; call him and he will eat bread.' [§]
Vayomer el-b'notav ve'ayo lama zeh azavten et ha'ish kir'en lo veyochal lacham.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el' means 'to', 'b'notav' means 'his daughters', 've'ayo' means 'and why', 'lama' means 'why', 'zeh' means 'this', 'azavten' means 'you (plural) have left', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no English equivalent, 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'kir'en' means 'call him', 'lo' means 'to him', 'veyochal' means 'and he will eat', 'lacham' means 'bread'.
[EXO.2.21] And Moses went to sit the man and gave his daughter Tzipporah to Moses. [§]
Vayoel Moshe lashevet et-ha'ish vayiten et-Tzipporah beto leMoshe.
'Vayoel' means 'and he went', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'lashevet' means 'to sit' or 'to sit down', 'et-ha'ish' means 'the man' (direct object marker et plus ha'ish 'the man'), 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'et-Tzipporah' means 'the woman named Tzipporah' (with the direct object marker et), 'beto' means 'his daughter', and 'leMoshe' means 'to Moses'.
[EXO.2.22] And she bore a son, and she called his name Gershom, for she said, I was a sojourner in a foreign land. [§]
vatelad ben vayikra et-shemo Gershom ki amar ger hayiti bearetz nakhriyah.
'vatelad' means 'and she bore', 'ben' means 'a son', 'vayikra' means 'and she called', 'et-shemo' means 'his name', 'Gershom' is the proper name, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'amar' means 'she said', 'ger' means 'sojourner' or 'stranger', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'bearetz' means 'in the land', 'nakhriyah' means 'foreign' or 'foreign land'.
[EXO.2.23] And it came to pass in those many days, and the king of Egypt died, and the children of Israel groaned from the bondage, and they cried out, and their cry rose up to the Gods from the bondage. [§]
Vayehi bayamim harabim hahem vayamat melek Mitzrayim vayenachu beni Yisrael min haavodah vayizaku vataal shav'atam el haElohim min haavodah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'bayamim' means 'in the days', 'harabim' means 'the many', 'hahem' means 'those', 'vayamat' means 'and died', 'melek' means 'king', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vayenachu' means 'and they groaned', 'beni Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'min haavodah' means 'from the bondage', 'vayizaku' means 'and they cried out', 'vataal' means 'and rose up', 'shav'atam' means 'their cry', 'el haElohim' means 'to the Gods', 'min haavodah' means 'from the bondage'.
[EXO.2.24] And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. [§]
Vayishma Elohim et Naakatam vayizkor Elohim et Berito et Avraham et Yitzchak ve et Yaakov.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object (not translated), 'Naakatam' means 'their groaning' or 'their cries', 'vayizkor' means 'and he remembered', 'Berito' means 'his covenant', 'Avraham' means 'Abraham', 'Yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', and 've et' combines 'and' with the object marker.
[EXO.2.25] And God saw the children of Israel, and God knew (them). S [§]
Vayar Elohim et-bnei Yisrael vayeda Elohim. S
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'bnei' means 'children/sons', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayeda' means 'and knew', the second 'Elohim' again means 'God', and 'S' is a textual notation found at the end of the verse.
EXO.3
[EXO.3.1] And Moses was shepherding the flock of Yitro his son, a priest of Midian, and he led the flock after the wilderness, and he came to the mountain of the Gods, Chorevah. [§]
Umoshe hayah roeh et tzon Yitro chotno kohen midian vayinhag et hatzon achar hamidbar vayavo el har haElohim chorevah.
'Umoshe' means 'and Moses', 'hayah' means 'was', 'roeh' means 'shepherding', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'tzon' means 'flock', 'Yitro' is a personal name, 'chotno' means 'his son', 'kohen' means 'priest', 'midian' is the region of Midian, 'vayinhag' means 'and he led', 'hatzon' means 'the flock', 'achar' means 'after' or 'behind', 'hamidbar' means 'the wilderness', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'el' means 'to', 'har' means 'mountain', 'haElohim' is the divine name Elohim translated as 'the Gods', 'chorevah' is a place name.
[EXO.3.2] And the angel of Yahveh appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the midst of the burnt offering; and he saw, and behold, the burnt offering was burning in fire, and the burnt offering was not consumed. [§]
vayera malach Yahveh elav belevat esh mitoch ha'sneh vayar vehineh ha'sneh bo'er ba'esh veha'sneh einenu ukal.
'vayera' means 'and he appeared', 'malach' means 'angel', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'elav' means 'to him', 'belevat' means 'in a flame', 'esh' means 'fire', 'mitoch' means 'out of the midst of', 'ha'sneh' means 'the burnt offering', 'vayar' means 'and he saw', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'bo'er' means 'burning', 'ba'esh' means 'with fire', 'einenu' means 'it was not', 'ukal' means 'consumed' or 'eaten'.
[EXO.3.3] And Moses said, "Please let me see this great vision; why does the bush not burn?" [§]
Vayomer Moshe Asurah na ve'er'eh et ha-mar'eh ha-gadol ha-zeh madua lo yiv'ar ha-senah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'Asurah' means 'let me see' (imperative), 'na' adds a pleading tone meaning 'please', 've'er'eh' means 'and I will see', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-mar'eh' means 'the appearance' or 'vision', 'ha-gadol' means 'the great', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 'madua' means 'why', 'lo' means 'not', 'yiv'ar' means 'will burn', 'ha-senah' means 'the bush'.
[EXO.3.4] And Yahveh saw because turned to see and called to him the Gods from within the bush and said Moses Moses and said Behold I am here. [§]
Vayar Yahveh ki sar lir'ot vayikra elav Elohim mitoch hasneh vayomer Moshe Moshe vayomer Hineni.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH translated as Yahveh, 'ki' means 'because', 'sar' means 'turned', 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'mitoch' means 'from within', 'hasneh' means 'the bush', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', the second 'Moshe' repeats the name, the final 'vayomer' again means 'and said', 'Hineni' means 'behold, I am here'.
[EXO.3.5] And he said, "Do not draw near, halt; take off your shoes from your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy ground." [§]
Vayomer al-tikrav halom shal-nealeicha me'al ragleicha ki ha-makom asher attah omed alav admat qodesh hu.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'al-tikrav' means 'do not draw near', 'halom' means 'halt' or 'stop', 'shal-nealeicha' means 'remove your shoes', 'me'al' means 'from upon', 'ragleicha' means 'your feet', 'ki' means 'because', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'that', 'attah' means 'you', 'omed' means 'are standing', 'alav' means 'on it', 'admat' means 'the ground', 'qodesh' means 'holy', 'hu' means 'it is'.
[EXO.3.6] And he said, I am God of your father, God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob; and Moses hid his face because he was afraid to look at the Gods. [§]
Vayomer anochi Elohei avik Elohei Avraham Elohei Yitzchak veElohei Yaakov vayaster Moshe panav ki yareh mehabit el haElohim.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'anochi' means 'I', 'Elohei' (from Elohim) means 'God of', 'avik' means 'your father', 'Elohei Avraham' means 'God of Abraham', 'Elohei Yitzchak' means 'God of Isaac', 'veElohei Yaakov' means 'and God of Jacob', 'vayaster' means 'and he hid', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'panav' means 'his face', 'ki' means 'because', 'yareh' means 'he was afraid', 'mehabit' means 'to look', 'el' means 'at', 'haElohim' (the plural form Elohim with the article) is rendered as 'the Gods' according to the literal naming rule.
[EXO.3.7] And Yahveh said, I have seen the affliction of my people in Egypt and I have heard their cry because I know their pain. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh ra'ah ra'iti et-oni ami asher be-Mitzrayim ve-et tza'aqatam shamati mipenei nogshav ki yada'ti et-mak'ovav.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ra'ah' means 'I have seen', 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen (past)', 'et-oni' means 'the affliction of me' i.e., 'my affliction', 'ami' means 'my people', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'be-Mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 've-et' means 'and the', 'tza'aqatam' means 'their cry', 'shamati' means 'I have heard', 'mipenei' means 'because of the face of' i.e., 'because of', 'nogshav' means 'their oppressors' (the ones who press), 'ki' means 'because', 'yada'ti' means 'I know', 'et-mak'ovav' means 'the pain(s) of them'.
[EXO.3.8] And I went down to rescue him from the hand of Egypt, and to bring him up from that land, to a good and spacious land, to a land flowing with milk and honey, to the place of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. [§]
Vaered le'hatsil-o mi'yad Mitzrayim u'leha'aloto min-ha'aretz ha'hi el-aretz tovah u'rechavah el-aretz zabat chalav u'devash el-makom ha'knana'ni ve'ha-chiti ve'ha-amori ve'ha-perizi ve'ha-chivi ve'ha-yebusi.
'Vaered' means 'and I went down', 'le'hatsil-o' means 'to rescue him', 'mi'yad' means 'from the hand of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'u'leha'aloto' means 'and to bring him up', 'min-ha'aretz' means 'from the land', 'ha'hi' means 'that', 'el-aretz' means 'to the land', 'tovah' means 'good', 'u'rechavah' means 'and spacious', 'zabat' means 'flowing', 'chalav' means 'milk', 'u'devash' means 'and honey', 'el-makom' means 'to the place of', 'ha'knana'ni' means 'the Canaanite', 'ha-chiti' means 'the Hittite', 'ha-amori' means 'the Amorite', 'ha-perizi' means 'the Perizzite', 'ha-chivi' means 'the Hivite', 'ha-yebusi' means 'the Jebusite'.
[EXO.3.9] And now behold, the cry of the children of Israel has come to me, and also I have seen the oppression that Egypt is pressing upon them. [§]
ve'atah hineh tza'akat b'nei Yisrael ba'ah elai vegam ra'iti et ha-lachatz asher Mitzrayim lo'chatzim otam.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'tza'akat' means 'the cry', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'ba'ah' means 'has come', 'elai' means 'to me', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-lachatz' means 'the oppression', 'asher' means 'that', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lo'chatzim' means 'pressing' or 'oppressing', 'otam' means 'them'.
[EXO.3.10] Now go, and I will send you to Pharaoh, and bring out My people the children of Israel from Egypt. [§]
veatah lekha veeshlachacha el Pharaoh vehotze et ami Bnei Yisrael mimitzrayim.
'veatah' means 'now', 'lekha' means 'go', 'veeshlachacha' means 'and I will send you', 'el' means 'to', 'Pharaoh' is the Egyptian king, 'vehotze' means 'and bring out', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ami' means 'my people', 'Bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt'.
[EXO.3.11] Moses said to the Gods, 'Who am I that I am to go to Pharaoh and bring the children of Israel out of Egypt?' [§]
Vayomer Moshe el haElohim mi anochi ki elech el Pharaoh ve ki otzi et bnei Yisrael mi Mitzrayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (the literal plural translation of Elohim), 'mi' means 'who' or 'what', 'anochi' means 'I', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'elech' means 'I will go', the second 'el' again means 'to', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 've' means 'and', the second 'ki' means 'that', 'otzi' means 'I will bring out', 'et' is a direct‑object marker and is not translated, 'bnei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', the second 'mi' means 'from', and 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'. The divine name Elohim is rendered as 'the Gods' in keeping with the specified literal rule.
[EXO.3.12] And he said, 'Because I will be with you, this is your sign that I have sent you out of the people from Egypt; you will worship the Gods on this mountain.' [§]
Vayomer ki-ehyeh immach vezeh lekha ha-ot ki anochi shelachtikha behotsi'akha et ha'am mimitzrayim taavdon et haElohim al haHar hazeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ki-ehyeh' means 'that I will be', 'immach' means 'with you', 'vezeh' means 'and this', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'ha-ot' means 'the sign', 'ki' means 'that', 'anochi' means 'I', 'shelachtikha' means 'I have sent you', 'behotsi'akha' means 'when I bring you out', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'taavdon' means 'you will serve/worship', 'et' again the object marker, 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'al' means 'on', 'haHar' means 'the mountain', 'hazeh' means 'this'. The name 'Elohim' is rendered as 'the Gods' per the literal translation rule.
[EXO.3.13] And Moses said to the Gods, Behold I am coming to the children of Israel, and I will say to them, the Gods of your ancestors sent me to you, and they will say to me, What is his name? What shall I say to them. [§]
Vayomer Moshe el haElohim hineh anochi ba el-bnei Yisrael veamarti lahem Elohei avoteichem shlachani eleichem veamru li ma shemo ma omar aleihem.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'ba' means 'am coming', 'el-bnei' means 'to the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'veamarti' means 'and I will say', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Elohei' means 'the Gods of', 'avoteichem' means 'your ancestors', 'shlachani' means 'sent me', 'eleichem' means 'to you', 'veamru' means 'and they will say', 'li' means 'to me', 'ma' means 'what', 'shemo' means 'his name', 'ma' again means 'what', 'omar' means 'shall I say', 'aleihem' means 'to them'.
[EXO.3.14] and said the Gods to Moses, I am that I am; and said, thus you shall say to the children of Israel, I am the one who sent me to you. [§]
Vayomer Elohim el-Mosheh Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh vayomer koh tomar livnei Yisrael Ehyeh shalachani aleikhem.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el-Mosheh' means 'to Moses', 'Ehyeh' means 'I am' or 'I will be', 'Asher' means 'that' or 'who', the phrase 'Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh' means 'I am that I am', 'vayomer' again means 'and said', 'koh' means 'thus', 'tomar' means 'you shall say', 'livnei' means 'to the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'Ehyeh' again 'I am', 'shalachani' means 'the one who sent me', 'aleikhem' means 'to you'.
[EXO.3.15] And said still the Gods to Moses, thus you shall say to the children of Israel: Yahveh the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob sent me to you; this is my name forever, and this is my remembrance to generation after generation. [§]
Vayomer od Elohim el-Mosheh koh-to'amar el-benei Yisrael Yahveh Elohei avoteichem Elohei Avraham Elohei Yitzchak ve-Elohei Yaakov shalachani aleichem ze-shemi le-olam ve-ze zichri le-dor dor.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'od' means 'still', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el-Mosheh' means 'to Moses', 'koh-to'amar' means 'thus you shall say', 'el-benei Yisrael' means 'to the children of Israel', 'Yahveh' is the literal name for YHWH, 'Elohei' means 'the God of', 'avoteichem' means 'your fathers', 'Elohei Avraham' means 'the God of Abraham', 'Elohei Yitzchak' means 'the God of Isaac', 've-Elohei Yaakov' means 'and the God of Jacob', 'shalachani' means 'sent me', 'aleichem' means 'to you', 'ze-shemi' means 'this is my name', 'le-olam' means 'forever', 've-ze' means 'and this', 'zichri' means 'my remembrance', 'le-dor dor' means 'to generation after generation'.
[EXO.3.16] Go and gather the elders of Israel and say to them Yahveh the Gods of your ancestors has appeared to me, the Gods of Abraham Isaac and Jacob, to say: I have appointed, I have appointed you and the work for you in Egypt. [§]
lekh veasapta et ziknei yisrael veamarta alehem Yahveh Elohei avoteichem nirah elai Elohei avraham yitzchak veyaakov leemor pakod pakadti etchem veet haasui lachem bmitzrayim.
'lekh' means 'go', 'veasapta' means 'and you will gather', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'ziknei' means 'the elders', 'yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'veamarta' means 'and you will say', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods of', 'avoteichem' means 'your ancestors', 'nirah' means 'has appeared', 'elai' means 'to me', 'Elohei' again means 'the Gods of', 'avraham' means 'Abraham', 'yitzchak' means 'Isaac', 'veyaakov' means 'and Jacob', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'pakod' means 'appointed', 'pakadti' means 'I have appointed', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'veet' means 'and the', 'haasui' means 'work', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'bmitzrayim' means 'in Egypt'.
[EXO.3.17] And I said I will bring you up from the oppression of Egypt to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, to a land flowing with milk and honey. [§]
va'omar a'aleh etkhem me'oni mitzrayim el-aretz hakana'ani ve'hachitti ve'hamori ve'hapritzzi ve'hachivi ve'heyebusi el-aretz zavat chalav udevash.
'va'omar' means 'and I said', 'a'aleh' means 'I will bring up', 'etkhem' means 'you (plural)', 'me'oni' means 'from the oppression', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'el-aretz' means 'to the land', 'hakanaka'ani' means 'of the Canaanite', 've'hachitti' means 'and the Hittite', 've'hamori' means 'and the Amorite', 've'hapritzzi' means 'and the Perizzite', 've'hachivi' means 'and the Hivite', 've'heyebusi' means 'and the Jebusite', 'zavat' means 'flowing', 'chalav' means 'milk', 'udevash' means 'and honey'.
[EXO.3.18] And they heard your voice and you came and the elders of Israel to the king of Egypt and you said to him Yahveh the Gods of the Hebrews is upon us and now let us go a three day journey in the desert and we will sacrifice to Yahveh our God. [§]
ve-shamu le-koleka u-va'ata ve-ziqnei Yisrael el-melekh Mitzrayim va-amartem elav Yahveh Elohei ha-ivrihim nikrah aleinu ve-atah nelcha-na derekh shloshet yamim ba-midbar ve-nizbechah la-Yahveh Eloheinu.
've-shamu' means 'and they heard', 'le-koleka' means 'your voice', 'u-va'ata' means 'and you came', 've-ziqnei Yisrael' means 'and the elders of Israel', 'el-melekh Mitzrayim' means 'to the king of Egypt', 'va-amartem' means 'and you said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei ha-ivrihim' means 'the Gods of the Hebrews' (Elohim rendered as the plural), 'nikrah aleinu' means 'is upon us', 've-atah' means 'and now', 'nelcha-na' means 'let us go', 'derekh shloshet yamim' means 'a three day journey', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the desert', 've-nizbechah' means 'and we will sacrifice', 'la-Yahveh Eloheinu' means 'to Yahveh our God' (Eloheinu rendered as singular God).
[EXO.3.19] And I know that the king of Egypt will not give you to go, and not with a strong hand. [§]
Va'ani yada'ti ki lo-yiten etchem melech Mitzrayim lahalokh ve'lo beyad chazakah.
'Va'ani' means 'And I', 'yada'ti' means 'knew', 'ki' means 'that', 'lo-yiten' means 'will not give', 'etchem' means 'you (plural) as object', 'melech' means 'king', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lahalokh' means 'to go', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'beyad' means 'by hand', 'chazakah' means 'strong'.
[EXO.3.20] And I will send my hand and I will strike Egypt with all my wonders that I will do in its midst, and after that He will send you. [§]
Veshalachti et-yadi vehikketi et-Mitzrayim bechol nifl'otai asher e'aseh be'kirbo ve'acharei-chen yeshallach etkhem.
'Veshalachti' means 'and I will send', 'et-yadi' means 'my hand', 'vehikketi' means 'and I will strike', 'et-Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'bechol' means 'with all', 'nifl'otai' means 'my wonders', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'e'aseh' means 'I will do', 'be'kirbo' means 'in its midst', 've'acharei-chen' means 'and after that', 'yeshallach' means 'He will send', 'etkhem' means 'you (plural)'.
[EXO.3.21] And I will give the favor of this people in the eyes of Egypt, and it shall be, when you go you shall not go empty. [§]
ve-natati et chen ha am haze be eenei Mitzrayim ve-hayah ki telekhun lo telekhu reikam.
've-natati' means 'and I will give', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'chen' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'ha' means 'the', 'am' means 'people', 'haze' means 'this', 'be' means 'in', 'eenei' means 'the eyes of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've-hayah' means 'and it will be', 'ki' means 'when' or 'if', 'telekhun' means 'you will go' (plural), 'lo' means 'not', 'telekhu' means 'you will go' (plural), 'reikam' means 'empty' or 'empty-handed'.
[EXO.3.22] And a woman shall ask from her dwelling and from the furniture of her house vessels of silver and vessels of gold and garments, and you shall put them upon your sons and upon your daughters, and you shall depart from Egypt. [§]
veshaala isha mishkenetah u-migarat beitah keli-ksesef u-keli zahav u-smalot ve-simatem al-bneichem ve-al-bnoteichem ve-nitzaltem et-Mitzrayim.
've' means 'and', 'shaala' means 'shall ask', 'isha' means 'woman', 'mishkenetah' means 'from her dwelling', 'u-migarat' means 'and from the furniture', 'beitah' means 'of her house', 'keli-ksesef' means 'vessels of silver', 'u-keli zahav' means 'and vessels of gold', 'u-smalot' means 'and garments', 've-simatem' means 'and you shall put', 'al' means 'upon', 'bneichem' means 'your sons', 've-al' means 'and upon', 'bnoteichem' means 'your daughters', 've-nitzaltem' means 'and you shall depart' or 'be delivered', 'et-Mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt' (the direct‑object marker with Egypt).
EXO.4
[EXO.4.1] And Moses answered and said, "Behold, they will not believe me and they will not hear my voice, because they will say, 'Yahveh has not appeared to you.'" [§]
Va-yaan Moshe vayoamer ve-hein lo-ya'amin li velo yishmeu bekoli ki yomru lo-nira'ah elekha Yahveh.
'Va-yaan' means 'And answered', 'Moshe' is the proper name Moses, 'vayoamer' means 'and said', 've-hein' means 'and behold', 'lo-ya'amin' means 'they will not believe', 'li' means 'me', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yishmeu' means 'they will hear', 'bekoli' means 'in my voice', 'ki' means 'because', 'yomru' means 'they will say', 'lo-nira'ah' means 'has not appeared', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[EXO.4.2] And Yahveh said to him, 'What is in your hand?' And he said, 'A staff.' [§]
Vayomer elav Yahveh mazeh beyadecha vayomer matteh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mazeh' means 'what is this' or 'what is', 'beyadecha' means 'in your hand', the second 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', and 'matteh' means 'staff' or 'rod'.
[EXO.4.3] And he said, cast him to the ground; and he cast him to the ground; and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from him. [§]
Vayomer hashliechehu artzah vayashliechehu artzah vayehi l'naḥash vayanas Moshe mipanev.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hashliechehu' means 'cast him (to the ground)', 'artzah' means 'to the ground', 'vayashliechehu' means 'and he cast him', 'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'l'naḥash' means 'to a serpent', 'vayanas' means 'and he fled', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'mipanev' means 'from his presence' or 'away from him'.
[EXO.4.4] And Yahveh said to Moses, Stretch out your hand and take hold of his tail; and he stretched out his hand and seized it, and it became a staff in his hand. [§]
vayyomer Yahveh el-Moshe shelach yadkha ve'echaz biznavo vayishlach yado vayachazek bo vayehi le-matte bekapho.
'vayyomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'shelach' means 'stretch out' (imperative), 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 've'echaz' means 'and take hold', 'biznavo' means 'of his tail', 'vayishlach' means 'and he stretched out', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'vayachazek' means 'and he seized', 'bo' means 'it', 'vayehi' means 'and it became', 'le-matte' means 'a staff', 'bekapho' means 'in his hand'.
[EXO.4.5] In order that they may believe, because Yahveh has appeared to you, God of their fathers, God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob. [§]
Lema an yaaminu ki nirah eilekha Yahveh Elohei avotam Elohei Avraham Elohei Yitzchak veElohei Yaakov.
'Lema' means 'in order', 'an' is a connective particle, 'yaaminu' means 'they may believe', 'ki' means 'because', 'nirah' means 'has appeared', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'avotam' means 'their fathers', 'Avraham' is 'Abraham', 'Yitzchak' is 'Isaac', and 'Yaakov' is 'Jacob'.
[EXO.4.6] And Yahveh said to him, 'Again, bring your hand into your bosom.' And he brought his hand into his bosom, and he brought it out, and behold, his hand was spotted like snow. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh lo od habe-na yadcha becheikcha vayave yado becheico vayotzeah vehineh yado metzoraat ka'shaleg.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'lo' means 'to him', 'od' means 'again', 'habe-na' means 'bring, please', 'yadcha' means 'your hand', 'becheikcha' means 'into your bosom', 'vayave' means 'and he brought', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'becheico' means 'into his bosom', 'vayotzeah' means 'and he brought it out', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'metzoraat' means 'spotted' or 'variegated', 'ka'shaleg' means 'like snow'.
[EXO.4.7] And he said, "Put your hand to your bosom," and he put his hand to his bosom, and he brought it out of his bosom, and behold, it was like his flesh. [§]
Vayomer hashav yadecha el-chiqekha vayashav yado el-chiqho vayotzi'ah mechicho vehineh shavah kivzo.
"Vayomer" means "and he said", "hashav" means "put back" or "return", "yadecha" means "your hand", "el-chiqekha" means "to your bosom", "vayashav" means "and he placed" or "returned", "yado" means "his hand", "el-chiqho" means "to his bosom", "vayotzi'ah" means "and he brought it out", "mechicho" means "from his bosom", "vehineh" means "and behold", "shavah" means "it was", "kivzo" means "like his flesh".
[EXO.4.8] And it shall be, if they do not believe you and do not hear the sound of the first sign, but they will believe the sound of the later sign. [§]
ve-hayah im lo ya'aminu lakh ve'lo yishme'u lekol ha'ot ha-rishon ve-he'eminu lekol ha'ot ha-acharon.
've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'ya'aminu' means 'they will believe', 'lakh' means 'to you (feminine)', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yishme\'u' means 'they will hear', 'lekol' means 'to the sound/voice', 'ha'ot' means 'the sign', 'ha-rishon' means 'the first', 've-he\'eminu' means 'and they will believe', 'ha-acharon' means 'the latter' or 'the later'.
[EXO.4.9] And it shall be, if they do not believe even the two signs that are here, and they will not hear your voice, and you shall take from the waters of the river and pour it onto the dry ground; and the waters that you take from the river shall become blood on the dry ground. [§]
Ve-hayah im lo ya'aminu gam lishnei ha-otot ha-elleh ve-lo yishme'un le-kolekha ve-lakachta mimmei ha-ye'or ve-shafachta ha-yabashah ve-hayu ha-mayim asher tikach min ha-ye'or ve-hayu le-dam ba-yabashet.
'Ve-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'ya'aminu' means 'they believe', 'gam' means 'even', 'lishnei' means 'to the two', 'ha-otot' means 'the signs', 'ha-elleh' means 'these', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yishme'un' means 'they will hear', 'le-kolekha' means 'your voice', 've-lakachta' means 'and you take', 'mimmei' means 'from the waters of', 'ha-ye'or' means 'the river', 've-shafachta' means 'and you pour out', 'ha-yabashah' means 'the dry ground', 've-hayu' means 'and they will become', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters', 'asher' means 'that', 'tikach' means 'you take', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-ye'or' again 'the river', 've-hayu' again 'and they will become', 'le-dam' means 'to blood', 'ba-yabashet' means 'on the dry ground'.
[EXO.4.10] And Moses said to Yahveh, my Lord: I am not a man of words. I have spoken to you from yesterday, also from the day before, also from long ago, because my mouth is heavy and my tongue is heavy. [§]
Vayomer Moshe el-Yahveh bi Adonai lo ish dvarim anochi gam mitmol gam mishlosham gam me'az dabercha el-avdecha ki kaved peh u'kaved lashon anochi.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'bi' means 'my', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'lo' means 'not', 'ish' means 'man', 'dvarim' means 'words', 'anochi' means 'I', 'gam' means 'also', 'mitmol' means 'yesterday', 'mishlosham' means 'the day before', 'me'az' means 'from long ago', 'dabercha' means 'your word', 'el-avdecha' means 'to your servant', 'ki' means 'because', 'kaved' means 'heavy', 'peh' means 'mouth', 'u'kaved' means 'and heavy', 'lashon' means 'tongue', 'anochi' means 'I'.
[EXO.4.11] And Yahveh said to him, Who has put a mouth on the man, or who has made him mute, or deaf, or blind? Is it not I Yahveh. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh elav mi sam peh laadam o mi-yasum illemet o cheresh o pikeach o iaver halo anochi Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'elav' means 'to him', 'mi' means 'who', 'sam' means 'has placed', 'peh' means 'mouth', 'laadam' means 'to the man', 'o' means 'or', 'mi-yasum' means 'who puts', 'illemet' means 'mute', 'cheresh' means 'deaf', 'pikeach' means 'blind', 'halo' means 'is it not', 'anochi' means 'I', and the final 'Yahveh' repeats the divine name.
[EXO.4.12] Now go, and I will be with your mouth and I will show you what you shall speak. [§]
ve'atah lek ve'anokhi eheyeh im-picha ve-horeticha asher tedabber.
've'atah' means 'now', 'lek' means 'go', 've'anokhi' means 'and I', 'eheyeh' means 'will be', 'im-picha' means 'with your mouth', 've-horeticha' means 'and I will teach/show you', 'asher' means 'what/that which', 'tedabber' means 'you shall speak'.
[EXO.4.13] And said, "my Lord, please send by the hand you will send." [§]
Vayomer bi Adonai shlach na be-yad tishlach.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'bi' is a preposition meaning 'in' or 'by' (here linking the statement), 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'shlach' means 'send', 'na' is the particle meaning 'please', 'be-yad' means 'by the hand', 'tishlach' is a verb meaning 'you will send' (future imperfect).
[EXO.4.14] And Yahveh was angry with Moses, and said, 'Is not Aaron your brother the Levite? I know that he will speak; also, behold, he will go out to meet you, and he will see you, and he will be glad in his heart.' [§]
Vayyichar-af Yahveh be-Moshe vayomer halo Aaron achikha ha-Levi yada'ti ki daber yedabber hu vegam hinnehu yotse likratekha ve-ra'akha ve-shamach be-libbo.
'Vayyichar-af' means 'and he became angry', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHWH, 'be-Moshe' means 'with Moses', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'halo' means 'is not', 'Aaron' is the name Aaron, 'achikha' means 'your brother', 'ha-Levi' means 'the Levite', 'yada'ti' means 'I know', 'ki' means 'that', 'daber' means 'he will speak', 'yedabber' means 'he will speak', 'hu' means 'he', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'hinnehu' means 'behold he', 'yotse' means 'will go out', 'likratekha' means 'to meet you', 've-ra'akha' means 'and will see you', 've-shamach' means 'and will be glad', 'be-libbo' means 'in his heart'.
[EXO.4.15] And you shall speak to him and put the words in his mouth, and Yahveh will be with your mouth and his mouth, and Yahveh will show you what you shall do. [§]
ve-dibbarta elav ve-samta et hadvarim be-fio ve-anokhi eheye im-pi-cha ve-im-pi-hu ve-horeiti etchem et asher ta'asuun.
've-dibbarta' means 'and you shall speak', 'elav' means 'to him', 've-samta' means 'and you shall put', 'et hadvarim' means 'the words', 'be-fio' means 'in his mouth', 've-anokhi' means 'and I', 'eheye' means 'will be', 'im-pi-cha' means 'with your mouth', 've-im-pi-hu' means 'and with his mouth', 've-horeiti' means 'and I will show', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'et' is a grammatical marker, 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ta'asuun' means 'you shall do'. The speaker is the divine, so 'I' is rendered as the name Yahveh.
[EXO.4.16] And he spoke to you concerning the people, and it shall be that he will be to you as a mouth, and you will be for him as the Gods. [§]
ve-diber-hu lecha el-ha'am ve-hayah hu yihyeh-lecha lefeh ve-atah tihyeh-lo le-Elohim.
've-' means 'and', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'hu' means 'he', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 've-' again 'and', 'hayah' means 'it shall be' or 'will be', 'hu' again 'he', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'lecha' again 'to you', 'lefeh' means 'as a mouth', 've-' means 'and', 'atah' means 'you', 'tihyeh' means 'you will be', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'for him', 'le-Elohim' means 'to the Gods' (Elohim translated literally as the Gods).
[EXO.4.17] And the staff this you shall take in your hand that you shall do with it the signs. [§]
ve et ha matteh ha zeh tiqqach be yadecha asher taaseh bo et ha otot.
've' means 'and', 'et' is a direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'ha' means 'the', 'matteh' means 'staff' or 'rod', 'ha' again means 'the', 'zeh' means 'this', 'tiqqach' means 'you shall take', 'be' means 'in', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'taaseh' means 'you shall do', 'bo' means 'with it', 'et' again is a direct object marker, 'ha' means 'the', 'otot' means 'signs' or 'miracles'.
[EXO.4.18] And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father‑in‑law, and said to him, "Let us go, please, and I will return to my brothers who are in Egypt, and I will see the living people." And Yitro said to Moses, "Go in peace." [§]
vayeylekh Moshe vayashav el-Yeter hotno vayomer lo elekha na ve'ashuvah el-achi asher b'mitzrayim ve'er'eh ha'odam chayim vayomer Yitro leMoshe lek leshalom
'vayeylekh' means 'and went', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'vayashav' means 'and returned', 'el-Yeter' means 'to Jethro' (Jethro's name), 'hotno' means 'his father-in-law', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'elekha' means 'let us go', 'na' is a particle meaning 'please', 've'ashuvah' means 'and I will return', 'el-achi' means 'to my brothers', 'asher' means 'who', 'b'mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 've'er'eh' means 'and I will see', 'ha'odam' means 'the living', 'chayim' means 'life' or 'the living people', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yitro' is the name Jethro, 'leMoshe' means 'to Moses', 'lek' means 'go', 'leshalom' means 'in peace'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special literal translations of God names are needed.
[EXO.4.19] And Yahveh said to Moses in Midian, Go back to Egypt, for all the men who were seeking your life are dead. [§]
Va yomer Yahveh el-Moshe be-Midyan lekh shuv Mitzrayim ki metu kol ha-anashim ha-mevakeshim et-nafshkha.
'Va' means 'And', 'yomer' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'be-Midyan' means 'in Midian', 'lekha' means 'go', 'shuv' means 'return', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'ki' means 'because', 'metu' means 'they died', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'ha-mevakeshim' means 'who were seeking', 'et-nafshkha' means 'your life'.
[EXO.4.20] And Moses took his wife and his sons and placed them on the donkey and returned to the land of Egypt and Moses took the staff of the Gods in his hand. [§]
Vayikach Moshe et-ishto ve-et-banav vayarkiveihem al-hachamor vayashav artz Mitzrayim vayikach Moshe et-matte haElohim be-yado.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et-ishto' means 'his wife', 've-et-banav' means 'and his sons', 'vayarkiveihem' means 'and he placed them', 'al-hachamor' means 'on the donkey', 'vayashav' means 'and he returned', 'artz Mitzrayim' means 'the land of Egypt', 'vayikach' again means 'and he took', 'et-matte' means 'the staff', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'be-yado' means 'in his hand'.
[EXO.4.21] Yahveh said to Moses, When you go back to Egypt, see all the signs which I have placed in your hand and do them before Pharaoh, and I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe belekhetecha lashuv Mitzrayim re'eh kol-hamoftehim asher-sameti beyadecha ve'asitam lifnei Pharaoh va'ani achazek et libbo ve'lo yeshallah et ha'am.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'belekhetecha' means 'when you go', 'lashuv' means 'to return', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 're'eh' means 'see', 'kol-hamoftehim' means 'all the signs', 'asher-sameti' means 'which I have placed', 'beyadecha' means 'in your hand', 've'asitam' means 'and you shall do them', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Pharaoh' means 'Pharaoh', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'achazek' means 'will harden', 'et libbo' means 'his heart', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yeshallah' means 'will let go', 'et ha'am' means 'the people'.
[EXO.4.22] And you shall say to Pharaoh, Thus says Yahveh, My son my firstborn Israel. [§]
ve'amarta el-par'oh koh amar Yahveh beni bekhor'i Yisrael.
've'amarta' means 'and you shall say', 'el-par'oh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'beni' means 'my son', 'bekhor'i' means 'my firstborn', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.4.23] And I said to you, Send my son, that he may serve me; and you refused to send him. Behold, I am killing your son, your firstborn. [§]
Va'amar eleykha shalach et-beni ve'ya'avedeni vatem'an leshal'cho hineh anochi horeg et-bincha bekhorecha.
'Va'amar' means 'and I said', 'eleykha' means 'to you', 'shalach' means 'send', 'et-beni' means 'my son', 've'ya'avedeni' means 'and that he may serve me', 'vatem'an' means 'and you refused', 'leshal'cho' means 'to send him', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'horeg' means 'am killing', 'et-bincha' means 'your son', 'bekhorecha' means 'your firstborn'.
[EXO.4.24] And it was on the way in the orchard, and Yahveh met him and sought to kill him. [§]
Vayehi ba-derekh ba-malon vayifgeshehu Yahveh vayevakesh ha-mito.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'ba-derekh' means 'on the way', 'ba-malon' means 'in the orchard', 'vayifgeshehu' means 'and he met him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayevakesh' means 'and he sought', 'ha-mito' means 'to kill him'.
[EXO.4.25] And she took a bird of prey, cut off its nakedness for her son, touched his foot, and she said, 'Because you are my blood-groom.' [§]
vatikkakh tzipporah tzor vatikrot et-arlat benah vattaga le-raglav vatoamer ki chatan-damim atah li.
'vatikkakh' means 'and she took', 'tzipporah' means 'a bird', 'tzor' means 'of prey', 'vatikrot' means 'and she cut off', 'et-arlat' means 'the nakedness of', 'benah' means 'her son', 'vattaga' means 'and she touched', 'le-raglav' means 'his foot', 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'ki' means 'because', 'chatan-damim' means 'blood-groom' (an idiom for a close kinship tied by blood, here rendered literally), 'atah' means 'you', 'li' means 'to me'.
[EXO.4.26] And he was gentle from us, then she said, 'Groom of blood to the opposite.' [§]
Vayiref mimenu az amra chatan damim lamulot p.
'Vayiref' means 'and he/it was gentle' (from the root Y-R-P). 'Mimenu' means 'from us'. 'Az' means 'then' or 'at that time'. 'Amra' means 'she said'. 'Chatan' means 'groom' or 'bridegroom'. 'Damim' means 'bloods' or 'bloody'. 'Lamulot' means 'to the opposite' or 'against'. 'P' is a textual marker, not part of the sentence.
[EXO.4.27] And Yahveh said to Aaron, go to meet Moses the wilderness, and he went and met him on the mountain of the Gods and kissed him. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Aharon lek likro'et Moshe hamidb'rah vayelekh vayyipgeshu bo hehar haElohim vayishak-lo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH rendered as 'Yahveh', 'el' means 'to', 'Aharon' is the personal name Aaron, 'lek' means 'go', 'likro\'et' means 'to meet', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'hamidb\'rah' means 'the wilderness', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'vayyipgeshu' means 'and he met him', 'bo' means 'in/on it', 'hehar' means 'the mountain', 'haElohim' is the plural divine name Elohim translated as 'the Gods', 'vayishak\'lo' means 'and he kissed him'.
[EXO.4.28] Moses told Aaron all the words of Yahveh which He sent, and all the signs which He commanded. [§]
Vayagged Moshe le-Aharon et kol-dibre Yahveh asher shelacho ve-et kol-haotot asher tziavahu.
'Vayagged' means 'and he told', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'le-Aharon' means 'to Aaron', 'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object, 'kol-dibre' means 'all the words of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'which', 'shelacho' means 'He sent', 've-et' means 'and (the)', 'kol-haotot' means 'all the signs', 'tziavahu' means 'He commanded him'.
[EXO.4.29] And Moses and Aaron went and gathered all the elders of the children of Israel. [§]
Vayetelch Moshe veAharon vayasfu et kol ziknei b'nei Yisrael.
'Vayetelch' means 'and went', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron', 'vayasfu' means 'and they gathered', 'et' is a grammatical marker introducing the direct object, 'kol' means 'all', 'ziknei' means 'elders of', 'b'nei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.4.30] And Aaron spoke all the words which Yahveh spoke to Moses, and he performed the signs before the eyes of the people. [§]
Vayedabber Aharon et kol-hadvarim asher-diber YHVH el-Moshe vayya'as ha'otot le'einei ha'am.
'Vayedabber' means 'and he spoke', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'asher' means 'which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'YHVH' means 'Yahveh', 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayya'as' means 'and he performed', 'ha'otot' means 'the signs', 'le'einei' means 'before the eyes of', 'ha'am' means 'the people'.
[EXO.4.31] And the people believed and listened, because Yahveh had taken notice of the children of Israel and because He saw their affliction, and they feared and they bowed down. [§]
Vayaamen haam vayishmeu ki pakad Yahveh et-bnei Yisrael ve-ki raah et-aniyam vayikkdu vayishtachavu.
'Vayaamen' means 'and believed', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayishmeu' means 'and heard/listened', 'ki' means 'because', 'pakad' means 'has taken notice of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is a direct object marker, 'bnei' means 'sons/children', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-ki' means 'and because', 'raah' means 'saw', 'aniyam' means 'their affliction', 'vayikkdu' means 'they feared', 'vayishtachavu' means 'they bowed down'.
EXO.5
[EXO.5.1] Afterward Moses and Aaron came and said to Pharaoh, Thus says Yahveh the Gods of Israel, Send my people that they may go out in the wilderness. [§]
ve'achar ba'u Moshe ve'Aharon vayomeru el Pharaoh ko amar Yahveh Elohei Yisrael shalach et ami veyachogu li ba middbar.
ve'achar means afterward, ba'u means came, Moshe is the name Moses, ve'Aharon means and Aaron, vayomeru means they said, el Pharaoh means to Pharaoh, ko amar means thus says, Yahveh is the literal translation of YHWH, Elohei means the Gods, Yisrael means Israel, shalach means send or release, et ami means my people, veyachogu means that they may go out, li means for me (part of the purpose phrase), ba middbar means in the wilderness.
[EXO.5.2] And Pharaoh said, Who is Yahveh that I will hear his voice to let Israel go? I do not know Yahveh, and also I will not let Israel go. [§]
Vayomer Pharaoh mi Yahveh asher eshma beqol lo leshalach et Yisrael lo yadatai et Yahveh vegam et Yisrael lo ashalach.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Pharaoh' means 'Pharaoh', 'mi' means 'who', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'that/which', 'eshma' means 'I will hear', 'beqol' means 'by voice', 'lo' means 'to/for', 'leshalach' means 'to let go/release', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (kept as transliteration), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'yadatai' means 'I know', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'ashalach' means 'I will let go'.
[EXO.5.3] And they said, the Gods of the Hebrews are invoked over us; let us go now a three‑day journey in the wilderness and we will sacrifice to Yahveh our God lest he strike us with pestilence or with the sword. [§]
Vayomeru Elohei ha'ivrim nikra aleinu nelechah na derekh shloshet yamim ba-midbar ve-nizbechah laYahveh Eloheinu pen yifge'enu ba-daver o becharev.
'Vayomeru' means 'they said', 'Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'ha'ivrim' means 'of the Hebrews', 'nikra' means 'are invoked', 'aleinu' means 'over us', 'nelechah' means 'let us go', 'na' is a pleading particle, 'derekh' means 'way', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 've-nizbechah' means 'and we will sacrifice', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yifge'enu' means 'he strike us', 'ba-daver' means 'with pestilence', 'o' means 'or', 'becharev' means 'with the sword'.
[EXO.5.4] And he said to them, The king of Egypt said, Why do Moses and Aaron trouble the people from their work? Go to your burdens. [§]
Vayomer alehem Melek Mitzrayim lamah Moshe veAharon tafri'u et haam mimma'asav lechu lesivloteychem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Melek' means 'king', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lamah' means 'why', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron', 'tafri'u' means 'do you trouble' or 'do you oppress', 'et haam' means 'the people', 'mimmma'asav' means 'from his work' (i.e., from their labor), 'lechu' means 'go', 'lesivloteychem' means 'to your burdens' or 'to your burdensome tasks'.
[EXO.5.5] And Pharaoh said, 'Behold, now the people of the land are many, and you will destroy them from their burdens.' [§]
Vayomer Pharaoh hen-rabbim attah am haaretz ve-hishbatem otam mi-sivlotam.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'hen' means 'behold', 'rabbim' means 'many', 'attah' means 'now', 'am haaretz' means 'the people of the land', 've-hishbatem' means 'and you will destroy' (second person plural), 'otam' means 'them', 'mi-sivlotam' means 'from their burdens' (sivla = burden, oppression).
[EXO.5.6] And Pharaoh commanded that day the midwives of the people and his officers, saying. [§]
Vayetza Pharaoh bayom hahu et hanogeshim baam ve'et shotrayv leimor.
'Vayetza' means 'and he commanded', 'Pharaoh' is the Egyptian ruler, 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'hanogeshim' means 'the midwives', 'baam' means 'of the people', 've'et' means 'and', 'shotrayv' means 'his officers', 'leimor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[EXO.5.7] Do not gather to give bricks to the people for the white of the whites, as yesterday and the day before yesterday they will go and crush bricks for them. [§]
Lo toaspun latet teven la'am lelvon hallevanim kitmol shilshom hem yelechu vekoshshu lahem teven.
'Lo' means 'not', 'toaspun' means 'you (plural) will gather', 'latet' means 'to give', 'teven' means 'brick', 'la'am' means 'to the people', 'lelvon' means 'for the white', 'hallevanim' means 'the whites', 'kitmol' means 'as yesterday', 'shilshom' means 'the day before yesterday', 'hem' means 'they', 'yelechu' means 'will go', 'vekoshshu' means 'and will crush', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'teven' means 'brick'.
[EXO.5.8] And the mixture of the bricks which they are making tomorrow the third day you shall place upon them, do not eat from it, because they are weak; therefore they cry out, saying, 'Let us go, we will sacrifice to our the Gods.' [§]
Ve'et matkonet ha-levanim asher hem osim temol shilshom tasimu aleihem lo tigreu mimeinu ki nirpim hem al-ken hem tso'akim le'emor nelka nitzbacha leEloheinu.
'Ve'et' means 'and the', 'matkonet' means 'mixture' or 'formula', 'ha-levanim' means 'of the bricks', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hem' means 'they', 'osim' means 'are making', 'temol' means 'tomorrow', 'shilshom' means 'the third day', 'tasimu' means 'you shall place', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'lo' means 'not', 'tigreu' means 'you shall eat', 'mimeinu' means 'from it', 'ki' means 'because', 'nirpim' means 'they are weak', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'tso'akim' means 'cry out', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'nelka' means 'let us go', 'nitzbacha' means 'we will sacrifice', 'leEloheinu' means 'to our the Gods' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods').
[EXO.5.9] Let the work be honored over the men and they shall do it, and do not be deceived by false words. [§]
Tikbad haevodah al haanashim veyasu bah veal yishu bedivrei shaker.
'Tikbad' means 'let (it) be honored', 'haevodah' means 'the work', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'haanashim' means 'the men', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'yasu' means 'they shall do', 'bah' means 'in it' or 'with it', 've' again means 'and', 'al' means 'not', 'yishu' means 'they will be deceived' or 'they will be misled', 'bedivrei' means 'by the words of', 'shaker' means 'false' or 'deceitful'.
[EXO.5.10] And the officers of the people and his officers went out and said to the people, saying, Thus says Pharaoh, I will not give you copper. [§]
Vayetzeu nogshei ha'am veshotriav vayomru el-ha'am le'emor koh amar Parho eineni noten lachem teven.
'Vayetzeu' means 'and they went out', 'nogshei' means 'the officers' or 'leaders', 'ha'am' means 'of the people', 'veshotriav' means 'and his officers', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'el-ha'am' means 'to the people', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Parho' means 'Pharaoh', 'eineni' means 'I am not' or 'I will not', 'noten' means 'give', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'teven' means 'copper' or 'bronze'.
[EXO.5.11] You go, take for yourselves a stone from which you will find, for there is no cutting off from your work any matter. [§]
atem lechu kechu lakhem teven measher timtzu ki ein nigra meavodatkhem davar.
'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'lechu' means 'go', 'kechu' means 'take', 'lakhem' means 'for yourselves', 'teven' means 'stone', 'measher' means 'from which', 'timtzu' means 'you will find', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'nigra' means 'cutting off' or 'removal', 'meavodatkhem' means 'from your work', 'davar' means 'matter' or 'thing'.
[EXO.5.12] And he scattered the people throughout the whole land of Egypt to harden the brick. [§]
Vayyafetz ha'am b'chol eretz Mitzrayim le-koshes kash latteven.
'Vayyafetz' means 'and he scattered' (the verb פץ with the conjunction ו). 'ha'am' means 'the people'. 'b'chol eretz' means 'in the whole land' (ב = in, כל = whole, ארץ = land). 'Mitzrayim' is the proper name for Egypt. 'le-koshes' is the infinitive construct of the verb קשה meaning 'to make hard' or 'to harden'. 'kash' is a noun meaning 'hardness' or 'hard'. 'latteven' is the construct form of 'the brick' (תבן = brick, with the preposition ל = for/to). The phrase therefore describes scattering the people throughout Egypt for the purpose of hardening or making the brick.
[EXO.5.13] And those who draw near will say, 'Your works are finished, the matter of the day each day, as it was with the brick.' [§]
vehanogshim otzim leemor kallu maaseichem devar yom beyomo ka'asher bihiyot hataven.
'vehanogshim' means 'and those who draw near', 'otzim' means 'are about to' or 'will', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'kallu' means 'they have finished' or 'they are complete', 'maaseichem' means 'your works' (plural), 'devar yom' means 'the matter/word of the day', 'beyomo' means 'day by day' or 'each day', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'bihiyot' means 'being' or 'when it becomes', 'hataven' means 'the brick' (a metaphor for something solid or foundational).
[EXO.5.14] And the princes of the children of Israel, who set upon them the servants of Pharaoh, said, 'Why have you not finished your law for Lebanon as the day before yesterday, also as tomorrow, also today?' [§]
vayukku shotrei b'nei yisrael asher-samu alehem nogsei par'oh le'emor madua lo kilitem chakhem lilvon kitmol shilshom gam temol gam hayom.
'vayukku' means 'and they struck' or 'they were struck', 'shotrei' means 'princes', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher-samu' means 'who set', 'alehem' means 'upon them', 'nogsei' means 'the servants', 'par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'madua' means 'why', 'lo' means 'not', 'kilitem' means 'you finished', 'chakhem' means 'your law', 'lilvon' means 'to Lebanon', 'kitmol' means 'as tomorrow', 'shilshom' means 'the day before yesterday', 'gam temol' means 'also tomorrow', 'gam hayom' means 'also today'.
[EXO.5.15] And the princes of the children of Israel came and cried out to Pharaoh, saying, "Why do you do this to your servants?" [§]
Vayyavo'u shotrei b'nei Yisrael vayitz'aku el Pharaoh lemor lamah ta'aseh koh la'avadecha.
'Vayyavo'u' means 'and they came', 'shotrei' means 'princes' or 'rulers', 'b'nei' means 'of the children/sons', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayitz'aku' means 'and they cried out', 'el' means 'to', 'Pharaoh' is the Egyptian king, 'lemor' means 'saying', 'lamah' means 'why', 'ta'aseh' means 'you do', 'koh' means 'thus' or 'like this', 'la'avadecha' means 'to your servants'.
[EXO.5.16] Copper is not given to your servants, and the stones say to us, 'Do it.' And behold, your servants are slain, and you have sinned your people. [§]
teven ay-n nit-tan la-a-va-de-cha u-levanim o-me-rim la-nu a-su ve-hi-neh a-va-de-cha mu-kkim ve-cha-tat a-m-me-cha.
'teven' means 'copper', 'ein' means 'is not', 'nitan' means 'given', 'laavadecha' means 'to your servants', 'ulevanim' means 'and to the stones', 'omerim' means 'they say', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'asu' means 'do/make', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'mukkim' means 'are slain/killed', 'vechatat' means 'and you have sinned', 'ammecha' means 'your people'.
[EXO.5.17] And he said, 'You are sick, you are sick; therefore you say, "Let us go, we will sacrifice to Yahveh."' [§]
Vayomer nirpim atem nirpim al-ken atem omrim nelkha nizbecha laYahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'And said (he)'; 'nirpim' means 'sick'; 'atem' means 'you (plural)'; together 'nirpim atem' means 'you are sick'; 'al-ken' means 'therefore'; 'omrim' means 'you say'; 'nelkha' means 'let us go'; 'nizbecha' means 'we will sacrifice'; 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh).
[EXO.5.18] And now go, serve, and no brick shall be given to you, and you shall give stones. [§]
veatah lechu ibdu veveven lo yinnaten lachem vetochen levanim titennu
'veatah' means 'and now', 'lechu' means 'go' (imperative plural), 'ibdu' means 'serve' (imperative plural), 'veveven' means 'and brick' or 'clay', 'lo yinnaten' means 'shall not be given', 'lachem' means 'to you' (plural), 'vetochen' means 'and the filling/inner part' (the exact nuance is unclear in this context), 'levanim' means 'stones', 'titennu' means 'you shall give' (imperative), together forming the clause of the verse.
[EXO.5.19] And the officials of the sons of Israel saw them with evil intent, saying, 'Do not take a word of the day from your children day by day.' [§]
Vayiru shotrei b'nei Yisrael otam bera le'emor lo-tigra'u milivneichem devar yom beyomo.
'Vayiru' means 'and they saw', 'shotrei' means 'the officials' or 'magistrates', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the sons of Israel', 'otam' means 'them', 'bera' means 'with evil' or 'badly', 'le'emor' means 'to say' or 'saying', 'lo-tigra'u' means 'you shall not cause to be plucked/removed', 'milivneichem' means 'from your offspring/children', 'devar yom' means 'a word of the day', 'beyomo' means 'each day'. The phrase 'lo-tigra'u milivneichem devar yom beyomo' is an idiom meaning 'do not take a word of the day from among your children day by day', i.e., do not impose a daily burden or proclamation upon them.
[EXO.5.20] And they met Moses and Aaron, standing to meet them when they went out from Pharaoh. [§]
Vayifge'u et-Moshe ve'et-Aharon nitsavim likratam b'tzeitam me'et Pharaoh.
'Vayifge'u' means 'and they met', 'et-Moshe' means 'Moses', 've'et-Aharon' means 'and Aaron', 'nitsavim' means 'standing', 'likratam' means 'to meet them' or 'to greet them', 'b'tzeitam' means 'when they went out', 'me'et' means 'from', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler.
[EXO.5.21] And they said to them, may Yahveh be afraid of you and will judge the one you have shamed, our scent, in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of his servants, to give a sword in their hand to kill us. [§]
Vayomru alehem yera Yahveh alaychem ve-yishpot asher hebashtem et reicheinu be-einei Pharaoh u-be-einei avadav latet cherav be-yadam le-hargenu.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'yera' means 'may be afraid', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHWH, 'alaychem' means 'upon you', 've-yishpot' means 'and will judge', 'asher' means 'the one who', 'hebashtem' means 'you have shamed', 'et' is a particle marking the object, 'reicheinu' means 'our scent', 'be-einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Pharaoh' means the Egyptian king, 'u-be-einei' means 'and in the eyes of', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'latet' means 'to give', 'cherav' means 'a sword', 'be-yadam' means 'in their hand', 'le-hargenu' means 'to kill us'.
[EXO.5.22] And Moses returned to Yahveh and said, My Lord, why have you harmed this people? Why have you sent me this? [§]
Vayashav Moshe el-Yahveh vayomar Adonai lama hareotah la'am hazeh lama zeh shalachtani.
'Vayashav' means 'and he returned', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'vayomar' means 'and he said', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'lama' means 'why', 'hareotah' means 'have you harmed', 'la''am' means 'to the people', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'zeh' means 'this (thing)', 'shalachtani' means 'you sent me'.
[EXO.5.23] And since I have come to Pharaoh to speak in your name, (you) have done evil to this people and you have not saved your people. [§]
Ume'az ba'ati el Pharaoh le'daber bishmekha hera la'am ha'zeh ve'hatzel lo-hitsalta et-ammecha.
'Ume'az' means 'and since', 'ba'ati' means 'I have come', 'el' means 'to', 'Pharaoh' is the name of the Egyptian ruler, 'le'daber' means 'to speak', 'bishmekha' means 'in your name', 'hera' means 'to do evil' or 'to cause harm', 'la'am' means 'to the people', 'ha'zeh' means 'this', 've'hatzel' means 'and you have not saved', 'lo' means 'not', 'hitsalta' means 'you saved', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ammecha' means 'your people'.
EXO.6
[EXO.6.1] And Yahveh said to Moses, Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh, for with a strong hand I will send them and with a strong hand I will drive them out of his land. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe Attah tireh asher e'aseh le-Pharo Ki be-yad chazakah yeshalchem uve-yad chazakah yegarshhem me-aretzo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'Attah' means 'now', 'tireh' means 'you will see', 'asher' means 'what/that which', 'e'aseh' means 'I will do', 'le-Pharo' means 'to Pharaoh', 'Ki' means 'for', 'be-yad' means 'with a hand', 'chazakah' means 'strong', 'yeshalchem' means 'I will send them', 'uve-yad' means 'and with a hand', 'chazakah' again means 'strong', 'yegarshhem' means 'I will drive them out', 'me-aretzo' means 'from his land'.
[EXO.6.2] And the Gods spoke to Moses, and said to him, I Yahveh. [§]
Va-yedabber Elohim el-Moshe va-yomer elav Ani Yahveh.
'Va-yedabber' means 'and spoke', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'va-yomer' means 'and said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh' (the name of God).
[EXO.6.3] And I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob in God Almighty, and my name Yahveh I was not known to them. [§]
Vaera el-Avraham el-Yitzhak ve'el-Yaakov be-El Shaddai ushmi Yahveh lo nodati lahem.
'Vaera' means 'and I appeared', 'el' means 'to', 'Avraham' is the name Abraham, 'el' again means 'to', 'Yitzhak' is Isaac, 've'el' means 'and to', 'Yaakov' is Jacob, 'be' means 'in', 'El' means 'God', 'Shaddai' means 'Almighty', 'ushmi' means 'and my name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lo' means 'not', 'nodati' means 'I was known', 'lahem' means 'to them'.
[EXO.6.4] And also Yahveh established Yahveh's covenant with them to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their inheritance which they dwelt in. [§]
Ve gam haqimoti et-b'riti itam latet lahem et eretz Kna'an et eretz meguryehem asher garu bah.
'Ve' means 'and', 'gam' means 'also', 'haqimoti' means 'I have established' (the speaker being Yahveh), 'et-b'riti' means 'my covenant' (the covenant belonging to the speaker), 'itam' means 'with them', 'latet' means 'to give', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'eretz' means 'land', 'Kna'an' is the name of the region Canaan, 'et' again the object marker, 'eretz' again 'land', 'meguryehem' means 'of their inheritance', 'asher' means 'which', 'garu' means 'they dwelt', 'bah' means 'in it'.
[EXO.6.5] And also I have heard the cry of the children of Israel that Egypt enslaves them, and I have remembered my covenant. [§]
vegam ani shamati et naakat bnei Yisrael asher Mitzrayim maavdim otam vaezkor et briti.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'ani' means 'I', 'shamati' means 'have heard', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (often left untranslated), 'naakat' means 'cry' or 'complaint', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'maavdim' means 'enslave' (present progressive), 'otam' means 'them', 'vaezkor' means 'and I remember', and 'briti' means 'my covenant'.
[EXO.6.6] Therefore I will say to the children of Israel, I Yahveh, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of Egypt, and I will save you from their labor, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments. [§]
Lachen emor livnei yisrael ani Yahveh vehotseti etchem mitachat sivlot misrayim vehitzalti etchem meavodatham vegalti etchem bizroa netuya ubishpatim gedolim.
'Lachen' means 'therefore', 'emor' means 'I will say', 'livnei yisrael' means 'to the children of Israel', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vehotseti' means 'and I will bring out', 'etchem' means 'you' (plural), 'mitachat' means 'from under', 'sivlot' means 'the burdens', 'misrayim' means 'of Egypt', 'vehitzalti' means 'and I will save', 'meavodatham' means 'from their labor', 'vegalti' means 'and I will redeem', 'bizroa netuya' means 'with an outstretched arm', and 'ubishpatim gedolim' means 'with great judgments'.
[EXO.6.7] And I will take you to me as a people, and I will be for you the Gods, and you will know that I am Yahveh, your Gods, the One who brings you out from under the burdens of Egypt. [§]
veLakhati etchem li leam vehayiti lakhem leElohim viydatem ki ani Yahveh Eloheikhem hamotzi etchem mitachat sivlot Mitzrayim.
've' means 'and', 'Lakhati' means 'I will take', 'etchem' means 'you (plural object)', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'leam' means 'as a people', 'vehayiti' means 'and I will be', 'lakhem' means 'to you' or 'for you', 'leElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'viydatem' means 'and you will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Eloheikhem' means 'your Gods' (Elohim with the suffix -khem), 'hamotzi' means 'the One who brings out', 'etchem' means 'you (plural object)', 'mitachat' means 'from under', 'sivlot' means 'burdens' or 'oppressions', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.6.8] And I will bring you to the land that I have lifted up with my hand to give it to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob, and I will give it to you as an inheritance, I Yahveh. [§]
veheveeti etchem el haaretz asher nasati et yadi latet otah leAvraham leYitzchak uleYaakov venatati otah lachem morashah ani Yahveh.
'veheveeti' means 'and I will bring', 'etchem' means 'you (plural) [object]', 'el' means 'to', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nasati' means 'I have lifted/brought up', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'latet' means 'to give', 'otah' means 'it (feminine)', 'leAvraham' means 'to Abraham', 'leYitzchak' means 'to Isaac', 'uleYaakov' means 'and to Jacob', 'venatati' means 'and I will give', 'otah' again 'it', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'morashah' means 'inheritance', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[EXO.6.9] And Moses spoke thus to the children of Israel, and they did not listen to Moses concerning the shortness of breath and hard labor. [§]
Va-yeh-dah-ber Mosheh ken el-b'nei Yisrael ve-lo shamu el-Mosheh mi-kotzer ruakh u-me-'avodah kasha.
'Va-yeh-dah-ber' means 'and he spoke', 'Mosheh' is the name Moses, 'ken' means 'thus' or 'in this way', 'el-b'nei' means 'to the sons/children of', 'Yisrael' is the name Israel, 've-lo' means 'and they did not', 'shamu' means 'hear' or 'listen', 'el-Mosheh' means 'to Moses', 'mi-kotzer' means 'from the narrowness' or 'shortness', 'ruakh' means 'breath' or 'wind', 'u-me-'avodah' means 'and from labor', 'kasha' means 'hard' or 'difficult'.
[EXO.6.10] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying. [§]
Vayedabber Yahveh el-Mosheh le'emor.
'Vayedabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Mosheh' is the proper name Moses, 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[EXO.6.11] Go and speak to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and send the children of Israel out of his land. [§]
Bo daber el Pharaoh melekh Mitzrayim vi-shallach et-bnei Yisrael me'artzo.
'Bo' means 'go', 'daber' means 'speak', 'el' means 'to', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'melekh' means 'king', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vi' is the conjunction 'and', 'shullach' means 'send', 'et' is the Hebrew direct‑object marker (not translated), 'bnei' means 'sons' or 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'me' is the preposition 'out of', and 'artzo' means 'his land'.
[EXO.6.12] And Moses spoke before Yahveh, saying, Behold, the children of Israel have not heard me, and how will Pharaoh hear me? And I am with bare lips. [§]
Vayedaber Moshe lifnei Yahveh leemor hen bnei Yisrael lo shamu elai veech yashmaeni Paroah vaani aral sefatayim.
'Vayedaber' means 'And he spoke', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'leemor' means 'to say', 'hen' means 'Behold', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'shamu' means 'they heard', 'elai' means 'to me', 'veech' means 'and how', 'yashmaeni' means 'will hear me', 'Paroah' means 'Pharaoh', 'vaani' means 'and I', 'aral' means 'bare', 'sefatayim' means 'lips'.
[EXO.6.13] And Yahveh spoke to Moses and to Aaron and commanded them concerning the children of Israel and to Pharaoh king of Egypt to bring out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt. [§]
Va-y'dabber Yahveh el-Moshe ve-el-Aharon va-y'tzavem el-b'nei Yisrael ve-el-Pharaoh melekh Mitzrayim le-hotsi et-b'nei Yisrael me-eretz Mitzrayim.
'Va-y'dabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' is 'Moses', 've-el' means 'and to', 'Aharon' is 'Aaron', 'va-y'tzavem' means 'and commanded them', 'el-b'nei Yisrael' means 'to the children of Israel', 've-el-Pharaoh' means 'and to Pharaoh', 'melekh Mitzrayim' means 'king of Egypt', 'le-hotsi' means 'to bring out', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'me-eretz Mitzrayim' means 'from the land of Egypt'.
[EXO.6.14] These are the heads of the house of their fathers, the sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel, Hanokh and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi; these are the clans of Reuben. [§]
Eleh rashay beit-avotam b'nei Reuven bechor Yisrael Chanokh uPallu Chetzron veKarmi eleh mishpachot Reuven.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'rashay' means 'heads' or 'chiefs', 'beit-avotam' means 'the house of their fathers', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Reuven' is the name of the tribe, 'bechor' means 'the firstborn', 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'Chanokh' and 'Pallu' are personal names, 'Chetzron' and 'Karmi' are personal names, 'mishpachot' means 'clans' or 'families', and the final 'Reuven' repeats the tribal name.
[EXO.6.15] And the children of Simon were Yemu God, right hand, one, established, splendor, and Saul son of the Canaanite woman; these are the families of Simon. [§]
U'venei Shim'on Yemu'el veYamin veOhad veYachin veTzochar veShaul ben haKna'anit eleh mishpachot Shim'on.
'U'venei' means 'and the sons/descendants of', 'Shim'on' is the personal name Simon, 'Yemu'el' is a compound name Yemu + El (where 'El' means God), 'veYamin' means 'and right hand', 'veOhad' means 'and one', 'veYachin' means 'and established', 'veTzochar' means 'and splendor', 'veShaul' means 'and Saul', 'ben' means 'son', 'haKna'anit' means 'the Canaanite woman', 'eleh' means 'these', 'mishpachot' means 'families', and the final 'Shim'on' repeats the name Simon.
[EXO.6.16] And these are the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations: Gershon, Kehath, and Merari; and the total lifespan of Levi was seven, thirty, and a hundred years. [§]
ve'eleh shemot b'nei lev i le'toldotam Gershon uKehat uMerari ushnei chayei Levi sheva ushlo shim umeat shana.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'shemot' means 'names', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons', 'levi' means 'Levi', 'le'toldotam' means 'according to their generations', 'Gershon' is a proper name, 'uKehat' means 'and Kehath', 'uMerari' means 'and Merari', 'ushnei' means 'the two' (referring to the total count of years), 'chayei' means 'life(s) of', 'Levi' is the name Levi, 'sheva' means 'seven', 'ushlo shim' means 'and thirty', 'umeat' means 'and a hundred', 'shana' means 'year'.
[EXO.6.17] Children of Gershon, Libni and Shimei, to their families. [§]
B'nei Gershon Libni veShimei lemisphochotam.
'B'nei' means 'children of', 'Gershon' is a proper name (one of the tribes of Israel), 'Libni' is a proper name meaning 'my heart is white' (but here treated as a name), 'veShimei' means 'and Shimei' (another proper name), 'lemisphochotam' means 'to their families' (le- = to/for, mishpachot = families, -am = their).
[EXO.6.18] And the sons of Kehat—Amram, Yitzhar, Chebron, Uzziel, and the two of Kehat—lived three and thirty and a hundred years. [§]
Uvenei Kehat Amram veYitzhar veChebron veUzziel uShnei Chayei Kehat shalosh uShloshim uMe'at shana.
'Uvenei' means 'and the sons of', 'Kehat' is a personal name, 'Amram', 'Yitzhar', 'Chebron', and 'Uzziel' are proper names introduced by the conjunction 've' meaning 'and'. 'uShnei' means 'and two', 'Chayei' means 'living' or 'of the living', so 'uShnei Chayei Kehat' refers to the two remaining sons of Kehat. 'shalosh' means 'three', 'uShloshim' means 'and thirty', 'uMe'at' means 'and a hundred', and 'shana' means 'year'. The phrase 'three and thirty and a hundred years' is an idiom for a total of 133 years.
[EXO.6.19] And the sons of Merari, Machli, and Musi: these are the families of the Levites according to their generations. [§]
Uvenei Merari Machli uMusi Eleh mishpachot haLevi letoledotam.
'Uvenei' means 'and the sons of', 'Merari' is a proper name, 'Machli' is a proper name, 'uMusi' means 'and Musi' (another proper name), 'Eleh' means 'these', 'mishpachot' means 'families', 'haLevi' means 'the Levite' (referring to the tribe of Levi), 'letoledotam' means 'according to their generations' or 'to their offspring'.
[EXO.6.20] And Amram took Yocheved his mother as a wife, and she bore him Aaron and Moses, and the two lives of Amram were seven and thirty and a hundred years. [§]
Vayikach Amram et-Yocheved dodato lo le-isha vatelad lo et-Aharon ve-et-Moshe u-shnei chayei Amram sheva u-sheloshim u-meat shana.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Amram' is a proper name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yocheved' is a proper name, 'dodato' means 'his mother', 'lo' means 'to him', 'le-isha' means 'as a wife', 'vateled' means 'and she bore', 'et' again is the direct object marker, 'Aharon' is a proper name, 've-et' means 'and', 'Moshe' is a proper name, 'u' means 'and', 'shnei' means 'two', 'chayei' means 'lives' or 'years of life', 'Amram' again a proper name, 'sheva' means 'seven', 'u-sheloshim' means 'and thirty', 'u-meat' means 'and a hundred', 'shana' means 'year'.
[EXO.6.21] And the sons of Yitzhar: Korach, Nafeg, and Zichri. [§]
uvnei Yitzhar Korach vanefeg veZichri.
'uvnei' means 'and the sons of', 'Yitzhar' is a proper name, 'Korach' is a proper name, 'vanefeg' means 'and Nafeg' (the 'v' is the conjunction 'and'), 'veZichri' means 'and Zichri' (the 've' is the conjunction 'and').
[EXO.6.22] And the sons of Uziel: Mishal, Elzaphan, and Sitri. [§]
Uveinei Uzzi'el Mishal V'elzaphan V'sitri.
'Uveinei' means 'and the sons of', 'Uzzi'el' is a personal name meaning 'strength of God', 'Mishal' is a personal name, 'V'elzaphan' means 'and Elzaphan' where the name means 'God has hidden', and 'V'sitri' means 'and Sitri', another personal name.
[EXO.6.23] And Aaron took God oath daughter of Amminadav, sister of Nahshon, for himself as a wife; and she bore him Nadab and Avihu, God has helped, and Ithamar. [§]
Vayikach Aharon et-Elesheva bat-Amminadav achot Nahshon lo leisha vatelad lo et-Nadab ve-et-Avihu et-Eleazar ve-et-Ittamar.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Elesheva' means 'God oath' (El = God, sheva = oath), 'bat' means 'daughter of', 'Amminadav' is a proper name, 'achot' means 'sister of', 'Nahshon' is a proper name, 'lo' means 'for himself', 'leisha' means 'as a wife', 'vatelad' means 'and she bore', 'et' again the object marker, 'Nadab' is a proper name, 've-et' means 'and', 'Avihu' is a proper name, 'Eleazar' means 'God has helped' (El = God, ezer = help), 'Ittamar' is a proper name.
[EXO.6.24] And the sons of Korah: Asir, Elkanah, and Aviasaf—these are the families of the Korahites. [§]
Uvenei Korach Asir veElkana vaAviasaf eleh mishpechot haKorahiy.
'U' means 'and', 'venei' means 'the sons', 'Korach' is the personal name 'Korah', 'Asir' is a personal name, 've' means 'and', 'Elkana' is a personal name, 'vaAviasaf' combines 'and' with the personal name 'Aviasaf', 'eleh' means 'these', 'mishpechot' means 'families' or 'clans', 'haKorahiy' means 'the Korahite' (pertaining to Korah).
[EXO.6.25] And Eleazar son of Aaron took for himself a daughter of Putiel as a wife, and she bore him Phinehas. These are the heads of the fathers of the Levites of their families. [§]
Veelazar ben Aharon lakach lo mibnot Putiel lo leisha vatelad lo et Pinchas eleh rashai avot halviim lemisphachotam.
'Ve' means 'and', 'Elazar' is the personal name Eleazar, 'ben' means 'son', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'lakach' means 'took', 'lo' means 'for himself', 'mibnot' means 'from the daughters', 'Putiel' is a proper name, a second 'lo' means 'for him', 'leisha' means 'as a wife', 'vateled' means 'and she bore', another 'lo' means 'to him', 'et' is the Hebrew direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Pinchas' is the name Phinehas, 'eleh' means 'these', 'rashai' means 'heads of', 'avot' means 'fathers', 'halviim' means 'the Levites', 'lemisphachotam' means 'of their families'.
[EXO.6.26] He is Aaron and Moses, whom Yahveh said to them, "Bring out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt against their armies." [§]
Hu Aaron uMoshe asher amar Yahveh lahem hotziu et b'nei Yisrael meEretz Mitzrayim al tziv'otam.
'Hu' means 'he'; 'Aaron' is the name Aaron; 'uMoshe' means 'and Moses'; 'asher' means 'who' or 'that'; 'amar' means 'said'; 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH; 'lahem' means 'to them'; 'hotziu' means 'bring out' (imperative plural); 'et' is a direct‑object marker; 'b'nei' means 'children of'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'meEretz' means 'from the land of'; 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'; 'al' means 'against' or 'upon'; 'tziv'otam' means 'their armies'.
[EXO.6.27] They who speak to Pharaoh king of Egypt to bring out the children of Israel from Egypt, it is Moses and Aaron. [§]
hem ha-mdabrim el-Pharaoh melekh-Mitzrayim lehotzi et-bnei-Yisrael mimitzrayim hu Moshe ve-Aharon.
'hem' means 'they', 'ha-mdabrim' means 'the speakers' or 'those who speak', 'el' means 'to', 'Pharaoh' is the name of the Egyptian ruler, 'melekh-Mitzrayim' means 'king of Egypt', 'lehotzi' means 'to bring out', 'et-bnei-Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'hu' means 'it is' or 'he', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', and 've-Aharon' means 'and Aaron'.
[EXO.6.28] And it came to pass on the day Yahveh spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayehi be-yom diber Yahveh el-Moshe be-eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it came to pass', 'be-yom' means 'on the day', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'be-eretz' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.6.29] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying, 'I am Yahveh; speak to Pharaoh king of Egypt about all that I am speaking to you.' [§]
Vay-daber Yahveh el-Moshe le-emor Ani Yahveh daber el-Pharaoh melech Mitzrayim et kol asher ani d'aver eilecha.
'Vay-daber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'le-emor' means 'to say', 'Ani' means 'I', 'daber' means 'speak', 'el-Pharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'melech' means 'king', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'ani' again means 'I', 'd'aver' means 'am speaking', 'eilecha' means 'to you'.
[EXO.6.30] And Moses said before Yahveh, Behold, I am mute of lips; and how shall Pharaoh hear me? [§]
Vayomer Moshe lifnei Yahveh hen ani aral s'fatayim ve'eich yishma elai Pharaoh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'hen' means 'behold', 'ani' means 'I', 'aral' means 'mute' or 'speechless', 's'fatayim' means 'of lips' (dual form), 've'eich' means 'and how', 'yishma' means 'shall hear', 'elai' means 'to me' or 'me', 'Pharaoh' is the proper name of the Egyptian ruler.
EXO.7
[EXO.7.1] Yahveh said to Moses, See, I have made you the Gods to Pharaoh, and Aaron your brother will be your prophet. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe roeh netaticha Elohim lePharaoh veAharon achicha yihyeh nevi echa.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHWH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'roeh' means 'see' or 'behold', 'netaticha' means 'I have made you', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lePharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron', 'achicha' means 'your brother', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'nevi echa' means 'your prophet'.
[EXO.7.2] You shall speak all that I command, and Aaron your brother shall speak to Pharaoh, and send the children of Israel out of his land. [§]
Attah tedaber et kol-asher etzavvecha, veAharon achikha yedaber el-Pharaoh, veshilach et-benei Yisrael me'eretzho.
'Attah' means 'you'; 'tedaber' means 'shall speak'; 'et' is the direct object marker; 'kol' means 'all'; 'asher' means 'that/which'; 'etzavvecha' means 'I command you'; 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron'; 'achikha' means 'your brother'; 'yedaber' means 'shall speak'; 'el' means 'to'; 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler; 'veshilach' means 'and send'; 'et-benei' means 'the children of'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'me'eretzho' means 'out of his land'.
[EXO.7.3] And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, and I will increase my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt. [§]
va'ani aksheh et-lev Par'oh ve'hirbiti et-ototai ve'et-moftai be'eretz Mitzrayim.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'aksheh' means 'will harden' or 'make firm', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'lev' means 'heart', 'Par'oh' is the proper name 'Pharaoh', 've'hirbiti' means 'and I will increase', 'ototai' means 'my signs', 've'et' again the accusative particle, 'moftai' means 'my wonders', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Mitzrayim' is the proper name 'Egypt'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special name translation is needed.
[EXO.7.4] And Pharaoh will not listen to you, and I will lay My hand upon Egypt, and I will bring out My armies, My people, the children of Israel, from the land of Egypt with great judgments. [§]
ve-lo yishma alekhem Pharaoh ve-natati et-yadi be-Mitzrayim ve-hotzeti et-tziv'otai et-ami b'nei Yisrael me'eretz Mitzrayim bishpatim gedolim.
've-lo' means 'and not', 'yishma' means 'will hear', 'alekhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'Pharaoh' is the name of the Egyptian ruler, 've-natati' means 'and I will give/lay', 'et-yadi' means 'my hand', 'be-Mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 've-hotzeti' means 'and I will bring out', 'et-tziv'otai' means 'my armies', 'et-ami' means 'my people', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'bishpatim' means 'with judgments', 'gedolim' means 'great'.
[EXO.7.5] And Egypt shall know that I am Yahveh; I have stretched out my hand upon Egypt, and I will bring out the sons of Israel from among them. [§]
ve-yadau Mitzrayim ki ani Yahveh binatoti et-yadi al Mitzrayim ve-hotseti et-bnei Yisrael mitocham.
've-yadau' means 'and will know', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'ki' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'binatoti' means 'I have stretched out', 'et-yadi' means 'my hand', 'al' means 'upon', 've-hotseti' means 'and I will bring out', 'et-bnei Yisrael' means 'the sons of Israel', 'mitocham' means 'from among them'.
[EXO.7.6] And Moses and Aaron did as Yahveh had commanded them, so they did. [§]
Va-yaas Moshe ve-Aharon ka'asher tzivvah Yahveh otam ken asu.
'Va-yaas' means 'and he did', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 've-Aharon' means 'and Aaron', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivvah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'otam' means 'them', 'ken' means 'so', 'asu' means 'they did'.
[EXO.7.7] And Moses was eighty years old, and Aaron was eighty-three years old when they spoke to Pharaoh. [§]
Umoshe ben-shemonim shana veAharon ben-shalosh u-shemonim shana be-davram el-Paroh.
'Umoshe' means 'And Moses', 'ben-shemonim shana' means 'was eighty years old', 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron', 'ben-shalosh u-shemonim shana' means 'was eighty-three years old', 'be-davram' means 'when they spoke', 'el-Paroh' means 'to Pharaoh'.
[EXO.7.8] And Yahveh said to Moses and to Aaron, saying: [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe ve-el-Aharon leemor.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 've' means 'and', the second 'el' again means 'to', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, and 'leemor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[EXO.7.9] For Pharaoh will speak to you, saying, 'Give you a sign, and you shall say to Aaron, take your staff and cast it before Pharaoh; it shall become a snake.' [§]
ki yedaber aleikhem paroh le'emor tenoo lakhem mofet ve'amarat el aharon kach et-matka ve-hashlekh lifnei-paroh yehi le-tannin
'ki' means 'for', 'yedaber' means 'will speak', 'aleikhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'tenoo' means 'give [you]', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'mofet' means 'a sign', 've'amarat' means 'and you shall say', 'el' means 'to', 'aharon' means 'Aaron', 'kach' means 'take', 'et-matka' means 'your staff', 've-hashlekh' means 'and cast', 'lifnei-paroh' means 'before Pharaoh', 'yehi' means 'it shall be', 'le-tannin' means 'a snake'.
[EXO.7.10] And Moses and Aaron came to Pharaoh, and they did so as Yahveh commanded, and Aaron threw his staff before Pharaoh and before his servants, and it became a serpent. [§]
Vayyavo Moshe veAaron elPharaoh vayyaasu ken kaasher tzivah Yahveh vayashlekh Aaron etmattehu lifneiPharaoh velifneiavadav vehayah letannin.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'veAaron' means 'and Aaron', 'elPharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'vayyaasu' means 'and they did', 'ken' means 'thus', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayashlekh' means 'and he threw', 'etmattehu' means 'his staff', 'lifneiPharaoh' means 'before Pharaoh', 'velifneiavadav' means 'and before his servants', 'vehayah' means 'and it became', 'letannin' means 'a serpent'.
[EXO.7.11] And also Pharaoh called the wise men and the sorcerers, and they also made the magicians of Egypt in their secret arts thus. [§]
Vayikra gam-Pharaoh lachachamim ve-lamkhashefim vayya'asu gam-hem chartumei Mitzrayim be'lahateihem ken.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'gam-Pharaoh' means 'also Pharaoh', 'lachachamim' means 'to the wise men', 've-lamkhashefim' means 'and to the sorcerers', 'vayya'asu' means 'and they did/made', 'gam-hem' means 'also they', 'chartumei' means 'magicians', 'Mitzrayim' means 'of Egypt', 'be'lahateihem' means 'in their secret arts', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'in this way'.
[EXO.7.12] And each man cast down his staff, and they became serpents, and Aaron's staff swallowed their staffs. [§]
Vayashlichu ish mattohu vayihyu letanninim vayivla matto aharon et mattotam.
'Vayashlichu' means 'and they cast down', 'ish' means 'each man', 'mattohu' means 'his staff', 'vayihyu' means 'and they became', 'letanninim' means 'like serpents', 'vayivla' means 'and (it) swallowed', 'matto' means 'the staff of', 'aharon' means 'Aaron', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'mattotam' means 'their staffs'.
[EXO.7.13] And he hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not listen to them, as Yahveh said. [§]
Vayyechezak lev Par'oh velo shama alehem ke'asher diber Yahveh.
'Vayyechezak' means 'and he hardened', 'lev' means 'heart', 'Par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'velo' means 'and not', 'shama' means 'listened', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'ke'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH as instructed.
[EXO.7.14] And Yahveh said to Moses, Pharaoh's heart is heavy, from where to let the people go. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe: Kaved lev Paroh me'en leshalach haam.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'Kaved' means 'heavy', 'lev' means 'heart', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'me'en' means 'from where' (a rhetorical question), 'leshalach' means 'to let go' or 'to release', 'haam' means 'the people'.
[EXO.7.15] Go to Pharaoh in the morning; behold, the water goes out and you shall stand before him on the bank of the river, and the staff that you have turned into a snake you shall take in your hand. [§]
Lech el Pharaoh ba boker hineh yotze ha mayim ve nitsavta liqrato al sefat ha yeor ve ha matteh asher nehpach le nachash tikakh be yadekha.
'Lech' means 'go', 'el' means 'to', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'ba boker' means 'in the morning', 'hineh' means 'behold' or 'see', 'yotze' means 'goes out' or 'comes out', 'ha mayim' means 'the water', 've nitsavta' means 'and you shall stand', 'liqrato' means 'before him', 'al sefat' means 'on the bank of', 'ha yeor' means 'the river', 've ha matteh' means 'and the staff', 'asher nehpach' means 'that you have turned', 'le nachash' means 'into a snake', 'tikakh' means 'you shall take', 'be yadekha' means 'in your hand'.
[EXO.7.16] And you shall say to him, Yahweh the Gods of the Hebrews sent me to you, saying, 'Send my people and they will serve me in the desert; and behold, you have not listened until now.' [§]
veamar-ta elav Yahweh Elohei haivrim shlachani eilecha leemor shalach etammi veyyaavduni ba-midbar vehineh lo-sham'ata ad ko.
'veamar-ta' means 'and you shall say', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yahweh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'haivrim' means 'the Hebrews', 'shlachani' means 'sent me', 'eilecha' means 'to you', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'shalach' means 'send', 'et' is the object marker (not rendered in English), 'ammi' means 'my people', 'veyyaavduni' means 'and they will serve me', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the desert', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'lo-sham'ata' means 'you have not heard', 'ad' means 'until', 'ko' means 'now'.
[EXO.7.17] Thus said Yahveh, by this you shall know that I, Yahveh, behold, I strike with the rod in my hand on the waters of the river and they shall be turned to blood. [§]
Ko amar Yahveh be zot teida ki ani Yahveh hineh anochi macheh ba matteh asher be yadi al ha mayim asher ba yeor ve nehefu le dam.
'Ko' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' means the proper name of God, 'be zot' means 'by this', 'teida' means 'you will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' again is the name of God, 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'macheh' means 'strike', 'ba matte' means 'with the rod', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'be yadi' means 'in my hand', 'al' means 'on', 'ha mayim' means 'the waters', 'ba yeor' means 'the river', 've nehefu' means 'and they shall be turned', 'le dam' means 'to blood'.
[EXO.7.18] And the fish that is in the river will die, and the river will become dry, and Egypt will be unable to drink water from the river. [§]
vehadaga asher ba-ya'or tamut uva'ash ha-ya'or venilu'u Mitzrayim lishot mayim min ha-ya'or.
've' means 'and', 'hadaga' means 'the fish', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ba-ya'or' means 'in the river', 'tamut' means 'will die', 'uva'ash' means 'and will become dry', 'ha-ya'or' again 'the river', 'venilu'u' means 'and they will be unable', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lishot' means 'to drink', 'mayim' means 'water', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-ya'or' means 'the river'.
[EXO.7.19] And Yahveh said to Moses, Speak to Aaron, take your staff and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their springs, and over their canals, and over every pool of their waters, and they shall become blood, and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, in the wood and in the stones. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el Moshe emar el Aharon kach mattekha unteh yadkha al meimei Mitzrayim al naharotam al yeoreihhem ve al agmeihem ve al kol mikve meimeihem ve yihiyu dam ve haya dam be kol eretz Mitzrayim uva etzim uva avanim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the divine name rendered as Yahveh, 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'emar' means 'say' (imperative), 'el' again 'to', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'kach' means 'take', 'mattekha' means 'your staff', 'unteh' means 'stretch out', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'meimei' means 'waters of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'al' again 'over', 'naharotam' means 'their rivers', 'al' again, 'yeoreihhem' means 'their springs', 've al' means 'and over', 'agmeihem' means 'their canals', 've al' means 'and over', 'kol' means 'all', 'mikve' means 'pool' or 'pond', 'meimeihem' means 'their waters', 've yihiyu' means 'and they shall become', 'dam' means 'blood', 've haya' means 'and shall be', 'dam' again 'blood', 'be kol' means 'in all', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'uva etzim' means 'in the wood', 'uva avanim' means 'in the stones'.
[EXO.7.20] And Moses and Aaron did so as Yahveh commanded, and he raised the staff and struck the waters that were in the river before the eyes of Pharaoh and before the eyes of his servants, and they turned all the waters that were in the river into blood. [§]
Vayasu-ken Moshe ve-Aharon ka'asher tzivah Yahveh vayerem ba-matteh vayach et-hamayim asher ba-ye'or le'inei Par'oh u-le'inei avadav vayehapchu kol-hamayim asher-ba-ye'or ledam.
'Vayasu-ken' means 'and they did so', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 've-Aharon' means 'and Aaron', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'vayerem' means 'and he raised', 'ba-matteh' means 'the staff', 'vayach' means 'and he struck', 'et-hamayim' means 'the waters', 'asher' means 'that', 'ba-ye'or' means 'in the river', 'le'inei' means 'before the eyes of', 'Par'oh' is Pharaoh, 'u-le'inei' means 'and before the eyes of', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'vayehapchu' means 'they turned', 'kol-hamayim' means 'all the waters', 'asher-ba-ye'or' means 'that were in the river', 'ledam' means 'into blood'.
[EXO.7.21] And the fish that was in the river died and the river stank and the Egyptians could not drink water from the river and the blood was throughout all the land of Egypt. [§]
vehadaga asher-bayar meta vayivash hayar velo-yachlu mitsrayim lishtot mayim min-hayar vayhi hadam bechol erech Mitzrayim.
've' means 'and', 'hadaga' means 'the fish', 'asher' means 'that', 'bayar' means 'in the river', 'meta' means 'died', 'vayivash' means 'and it stank', 'hayar' means 'the river', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yachlu' means 'they could', 'mitsrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lishtot' means 'to drink', 'mayim' means 'water', 'min' means 'from', 'hayar' means 'the river', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'hadam' means 'the blood', 'bechol' means 'throughout', 'erech' means 'the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.7.22] And they did thus, the sorcerers of Egypt in their plots, and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, as Yahveh spoke. [§]
Vayasu-ken chartumei Mitzrayim belateihem vayechazek lev-par'oh velo shama alehem ka'asher diber Yahveh.
'Vayasu-ken' means 'and they did thus', 'chartumei' means 'the sorcerers' or 'magicians', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'belateihem' means 'in their plots' or 'by their tricks', 'vayechazek' means 'and he hardened', 'lev-par'oh' means 'the heart of Pharaoh', 'velo shama' means 'and he did not listen', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'diber' means 'spoke' or 'said', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[EXO.7.23] And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, and his heart was not softened even for this. [§]
va-yifen Pharoh va-yavo el-beitó ve-lo-shat livó gam-lazot.
'va-yifen' means 'and he turned', 'Pharoh' means 'Pharaoh', 'va-yavo' means 'and he went', 'el-beitó' means 'to his house', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'shat' means 'soften' or 'be inclined', 'livó' means 'his heart', 'gam' means 'also', 'lazot' means 'for this' or 'this matter'.
[EXO.7.24] And all the Egyptians dug around the river for water to drink, because they could not drink from the river's waters. [§]
Va-yachperu kol-Mitzrayim seviBot ha-yor mayim li-shtot ki lo yachlu li-shtot mi-mei ha-yor.
'Va-yachperu' means 'and they dug', 'kol' means 'all', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt' (the people), 'seviBot' means 'around', 'ha-yor' means 'the river', 'mayim' means 'water', 'li-shtot' means 'to drink', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yachlu' means 'they could', 'li-shtot' again means 'to drink', 'mi-mei' means 'from the waters of', 'ha-yor' means 'the river'.
[EXO.7.25] It was filled for seven days after Yahveh struck the river. [§]
Vayimmale shiv'at yamim acharei hakot Yahveh et hayor.
'Vayimmale' means 'and it became filled', 'shiv'at' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'acharei' means 'after', 'hakot' means 'the striking', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'et' is a grammatical object marker with no English equivalent, 'hayor' means 'the river'.
[EXO.7.26] And Yahveh said to Moses, Go to Pharaoh and say to him, Thus says Yahveh, Let my people go, that they may serve me. [§]
vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe bo el-Pharaoh ve'amarta elav koh amar Yahveh shalach et-ammi veYa'avduni.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'bo' means 'go', 'el-Pharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 've'amarta' means 'and you shall say', 'elav' means 'to him', 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' again is the divine name, 'shalach' means 'let go' or 'release', 'et-ammi' means 'my people', 'veYa'avduni' means 'that they may serve me'.
[EXO.7.27] And if you are unwilling to send, behold, I am striking all your border with scorpions. [§]
Ve'im ma'en attah leshaleach hineh anochi nogef et kol gevulcha batzfardeim.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'ma'en' means 'refuses' or 'is unwilling', 'attah' means 'you', 'leshaleach' means 'to send', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'nogef' means 'I will strike' or 'I am striking', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'gevulcha' means 'your border', 'batzfardeim' means 'with scorpions' (the prefix b‑ indicating 'with' and 'tzfardeim' meaning 'scorpions').
[EXO.7.28] And the river scurries like a swarm of insects, and they rose and entered your house, and into the chamber of your bed, and upon your mattress, and into the house of your servants, and into your people, and into your ovens, and into your stores. [§]
ve-sharatz ha-yeor tzepharde'im ve-alu u-va'u be-veitecha u-bachadar mishkavcha ve-al-mittatecha u-beveit avadecha u-beamchecha u-ve-tanurecha u-be-mish'harotecha.
've' means 'and', 'sharatz' means 'scurries' or 'runs', 'ha-yeor' means 'the river', 'tzepharde'im' means 'like insects' (literally 'like swarms of insects'), 've-alu' means 'and they rose', 'u-va'u' means 'and they entered/come', 'be-veitecha' means 'into your house', 'u-bachadar' means 'and into the chamber', 'mishkavcha' means 'of your bed', 've-al-mittatecha' means 'and upon your mattress', 'u-beveit' means 'and into the house of', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'u-beamchecha' means 'and into your people', 'u-ve-tanurecha' means 'and into your ovens', 'u-be-mish'harotecha' means 'and into your stores'.
[EXO.7.29] And in your weeping and in your people and in all your servants, the locusts shall go up. [§]
Uvekhah uve'ammecha uvechol avadecha ya'alu hatsafarde'im.
'Uvekhah' means 'and in weeping', 'uve'ammecha' means 'and in your people', 'uvechol avadecha' means 'and in all your servants', 'ya'alu' means 'they shall go up', 'hatsafarde'im' means 'the locusts'.
EXO.8
[EXO.8.1] And Yahveh said to Moses, Speak to Aaron, stretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers, over the cisterns, and over the ponds, and bring up the locusts on the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe, ammar el-Aharon, nteh et-yadkha be-matteka al-hanneharot al-hayorim ve-al-hagammim ve-ha'al et-hatsfarde'im al-eretz Mitsrayim.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' is 'Moses', 'ammar' is an imperative meaning 'say' or 'speak', 'el' again 'to', 'Aharon' is 'Aaron', 'nteh' is the imperative 'stretch out', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'be' means 'with', 'matteka' means 'your staff', 'al' means 'over', 'hanneharot' means 'the rivers', 'al' again 'over', 'hayorim' means 'the cisterns', 've' means 'and', 'al' again 'over', 'hagammim' means 'the ponds', 've' again 'and', 'ha'al' means 'bring up' or 'raise', 'et' again the direct object marker, 'hatsfarde'im' means 'the locusts', 'al' again 'on', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'Mitsrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.8.2] And Aaron lifted his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frog rose up and covered the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayet Aaron et yado al meimei Mitzrayim vata'al hatzefardeah vatekas et eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayet' means 'and he lifted', 'Aaron' is the name Aaron, 'et yado' means 'his hand', 'al' means 'over', 'meimei' means 'waters of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vata'al' means 'and rose up', 'hatzefardeah' means 'the frog', 'vatekas' means 'and covered', 'et eretz' means 'the land of', 'Mitzrayim' again means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.8.3] And they did thus, the harlot women in their flight, and they lifted the locusts upon the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayya'asu-chen hachartummim belatehem vayya'alu et-hatsfaradeim al aretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayya'asu-chen' means 'and they did thus', 'hachartummim' means 'the harlot women', 'belatehem' means 'in their flight' or 'in their escape', 'vayya'alu' means 'and they went up' or 'they lifted', 'et-hatsfaradeim' means 'the locusts', 'al' means 'upon', 'aretz Mitzrayim' means 'the land of Egypt'.
[EXO.8.4] And Pharaoh called to Moses and to Aaron and said, "Intercede with Yahveh, and remove the locusts from me and from my people, and I will send the people and they shall sacrifice to Yahveh." [§]
Vayikra Pharaoh le-Moshe ve-le-Aharon vayomer ha'aturi el-Yahveh ve-yaser hatzefarde'im mimeini u-me'ami va'ashalcha et ha-am ve-yizvechu la-Yahveh.
"Vayikra" means "and he called"; "Pharaoh" is the ruler of Egypt; "le-Moshe" means "to Moses"; "ve-le-Aharon" means "and to Aaron"; "vayomer" means "and he said"; "ha'aturi" (literally "intercede" or "make a request"); "el-Yahveh" means "to Yahveh" (the literal name YHWH rendered as Yahveh); "ve-yaser" means "and remove"; "hatzefarde'im" means "the locusts"; "mimeini" means "from me"; "u-me'ami" means "and from my people"; "va'ashalcha" means "and I will send"; "et ha-am" means "the people"; "ve-yizvechu" means "and they shall sacrifice"; "la-Yahveh" means "to Yahveh" (the LORD).
[EXO.8.5] And Moses said to Pharaoh, 'When will I cease to you and to your servants and to your people, to cut off the flies from you and from your houses; only in the river will they remain.' [§]
Vayomer Moshe leparoh hitpa'er alai lematay a'ettir lecha vela'avdekha u'le'amkha lehakrit hatz'pherd'ei mimkha u'mibattekha rak ba-ye'or tisharna.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'leparoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'hitpa'er' means 'to appear' or 'to show yourself', 'alai' means 'to me' or 'against me', 'lematay' means 'until when', 'a'ettir' means 'shall I cease', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'vela'avdekha' means 'and to your servants', 'u'le'amkha' means 'and to your people', 'lehakrit' means 'to cut off' or 'to remove', 'hatz'pherd'ei' means 'the flies', 'mimkha' means 'from you', 'u'mibattekha' means 'and from your houses', 'rak' means 'only', 'ba-ye'or' means 'in the river', 'tisharna' means 'they will remain' or 'they will stay'.
[EXO.8.6] And he said, "Tomorrow," and he said, "According to your word, that you may know that there is none like Yahveh our God." [§]
vayomer lemachar vayomer kidvarkha lema'an teda ki ein kayahveh Eloheinu.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lemachar' means 'tomorrow', 'kidvarkha' means 'according to your word', 'lema'an' means 'that you may know' or 'for the purpose of knowing', 'teda' means 'you will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'ein' means 'there is not' or 'none', 'kayahveh' means 'like Yahveh' (where Yahveh is the literal translation of YHVH), 'Eloheinu' means 'our God' (El = God).
[EXO.8.7] And let the frogs depart from you, from your houses, from your servants, and from your people; only in the river shall they remain. [§]
ve-saru ha-tzfarde'im mimkha u-mibattekha u-me'avadeikha u-me'ammekha rak ba-ya'or tisharna.
've-saru' means 'and let go' or 'let depart', 'ha-tzfarde'im' means 'the frogs' (plural), 'mimkha' means 'from you', 'u-mibattekha' means 'and from your houses', 'u-me'avadeikha' means 'and from your servants', 'u-me'ammekha' means 'and from your people', 'rak' means 'only', 'ba-ya'or' means 'in the river', 'tisharna' means 'they shall remain'.
[EXO.8.8] And Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh and Moses cried out to Yahveh about the matter of the creeping insects that He placed on Pharaoh. [§]
Vayetze Moshe veAharon meiParoh vayitzak Moshe elYahveh al dever haTzefardeim asher sam leParoh.
'Vayetze' means 'and went out', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron', 'meiParoh' means 'from Pharaoh', 'vayitzak' means 'and cried out', 'elYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered literally), 'al' means 'about' or 'concerning', 'dever' means 'the matter', 'haTzefardeim' means 'the creeping insects' (often rendered 'locusts'), 'asher' means 'that', 'sam' means 'He placed', 'leParoh' means 'upon Pharaoh'.
[EXO.8.9] And Yahveh did according to the word of Moses, and the locusts were killed from the houses, from the courtyards, and from the fields. [§]
Vayyaas Yahveh kidvar Moshe vayamutu hatsafardeim min-habattim min-hachatzrot umin-hasadot.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he did', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'kidvar' means 'according to the word', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'vayamutu' means 'and they were killed', 'hatsafardeim' means 'the locusts', 'min-habattim' means 'from the houses', 'min-hachatzrot' means 'from the courtyards', 'umin-hasadot' means 'and from the fields'.
[EXO.8.10] And they bound them with cords, cords, and the earth was ashamed. [§]
Vayitsberu otam chomarim chomarim vatevas haaretz.
'Vayitsberu' means 'and they bound', 'otam' means 'them', 'chomarim' means 'cords' (repeated for emphasis), 'vatevas' means 'and (the) earth was ashamed', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[EXO.8.11] And Pharaoh saw that there was increase, and he hardened his heart, and he did not listen to them as Yahveh had spoken. [§]
Vayyar Pharaoh kee hayetah harvachah vehekved et libo ve lo shama alehem ka'asher diber Yahveh.
'Vayyar' means 'and saw', 'Pharaoh' means the Egyptian ruler, 'kee' means 'that' or 'because', 'hayetah' means 'was', 'harvachah' means 'the increase' (the growing number), 'vehekved' means 'and he hardened', 'et libo' means 'his heart' (et is the object marker, libo = his heart), 've lo' means 'and not', 'shama' means 'heard' or 'listened', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'spoke', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH.
[EXO.8.12] And Yahveh said to Moses, 'Speak to Aaron: Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the ground, and it will become gnats throughout the land of Egypt.' [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe: Emor el-Aharon: Neteh et-mattecha ve-hak et-afar ha-aretz ve-hayah le-kinim bechol eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'Emor' means 'speak', 'el-Aharon' means 'to Aaron', 'Neteh' means 'stretch out', 'et-mattecha' means 'your staff', 've-hak' means 'and strike', 'et-afar' means 'the dust', 'ha-aretz' means 'the ground', 've-hayah' means 'and it will become', 'le-kinim' means 'into gnats', 'bechol' means 'throughout', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.8.13] And they did so, and Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod and struck the dust of the earth, and the gnats were upon man and beast; all the dust of the earth became gnats throughout the land of Egypt. [§]
Vaya'asu-ken vayet Aaron et-yado be-mattehu vayach et-afar haaretz vatehi hakinnam baadam uva-behemah kol-afar haaretz hayah kinnim bekol eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vaya'asu-ken' means 'and they did so', 'vayet' means 'and Aaron', 'et-yado' means 'his hand', 'be-mattehu' means 'with his rod', 'vayach' means 'and struck', 'et-afar' means 'the dust', 'haaretz' means 'of the earth', 'vatehi' means 'and it became', 'hakinnam' means 'the gnats/lice', 'baadam' means 'upon man', 'uva-behemah' means 'and upon beast', 'kol-afar' means 'all the dust', 'haaretz' means 'of the earth', 'hayah' means 'was', 'kinnim' means 'gnats/lice', 'bekol' means 'throughout all', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.8.14] And they did so, the Harchtummim in their hidden places to bring out the kinnim, but they could not, and the kinnam was among man and among beast. [§]
vayaasoo ken hachartummim belatehem lehotsi et hakinnim velo yacholu vatehi hakinnam baadam uva-behema.
'vayaasoo' means 'and they did', 'ken' means 'so', 'hachartummim' is a proper name of a group (often rendered as "the Harchtummim"), 'belatehem' means 'in their hidden places', 'lehotsi' means 'to bring out', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hakinnim' is a plural noun whose exact meaning is uncertain (here left as "kinnim"), 'velo' means 'but not', 'yacholu' means 'they could', 'vatehi' means 'and it happened', 'hakinnam' is a related singular form (here left as "kinnam"), 'baadam' means 'in man', 'uva-behema' means 'and in beast'.
[EXO.8.15] And the magicians said to Pharaoh, It is the finger of the Gods; and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he did not listen to them, as Yahveh said. [§]
Vayomeru hachartummim el-Pharaoh etzba Elohim hi vayechazek lev-Pharaoh velo shama alehem ka'asher diber Yahveh.
'Vayomeru' means 'they said', 'hachartummim' means 'the magicians', 'el-Pharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'etzba' means 'finger', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'hi' means 'it is', 'vayechazek' means 'and it hardened', 'lev-Pharaoh' means 'the heart of Pharaoh', 'velo' means 'and not', 'shama' means 'listened', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[EXO.8.16] And Yahveh said to Moses, Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh; behold, the water is going out, and say to him, Thus says Yahveh, Release my people and let them serve me. [§]
Va-yomer Yahveh el-Moshe ha-shkhem ba-boker ve-hityatzev lifnei Pharoah hineh yotzei ha-mayimah ve-amarta elav koh amar Yahveh shalach ami ve-yaavduni.
'Va-yomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'ha-shkhem' means 'rise early', 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 've-hityatzev' means 'and stand', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Pharoah' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'hineh' means 'behold', 'yotzei' means 'going out', 'ha-mayimah' means 'the water', 've-amarta' means 'and say', 'elav' means 'to him', 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' again is the literal name of God, 'shalach' means 'release' or 'send away', 'ami' means 'my people', and 've-yaavduni' means 'and let them serve me'.
[EXO.8.17] For if you are not sending my people, behold, I will send the raven through you, through your servants, through your people, and through your houses; and they will fill the houses of Egypt with the raven, and also the land upon which they stand. [§]
Ki im-eincha meshalei'ach et-ami; hineni mashliach becha uve'avadecha uve'ammecha uve'batecha et-he'arev; u-malu batei Mitzrayim et-he'arev; vegam ha'adamah asher-hem aleha.
'Ki' means 'for', 'im' means 'if', 'eincha' means 'you are not', 'meshalei'ach' means 'sending', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'ami' means 'my people', 'hineni' means 'behold I', 'mashliach' means 'will send', 'becha' means 'through you', 'uve'avadecha' means 'and through your servants', 'uve'ammecha' means 'and through your people', 'uve'batecha' means 'and through your houses', 'et-he'arev' means 'the raven', 'u-malu' means 'and they will fill', 'batei Mitzrayim' means 'the houses of Egypt', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'ha'adamah' means 'the land', 'asher-hem' means 'which they', 'aleha' means 'are upon'.
[EXO.8.18] And I will cause on that day the land of Goshen, which my people stands upon, to have no crow there, in order that you may know that I Yahveh am in the midst of the land. [§]
vehipleiti bayom hahu et eretz Goshen asher ami omed aleha levili heyot sham arov lema'an teda ki ani Yahveh beker\u00E9v haaretz
'vehipleiti' means 'and I will cause to fall', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'eretz' means 'land', 'Goshen' is a proper name of a region, 'asher' means 'which', 'ami' means 'my people', 'omed' means 'stands', 'aleha' means 'upon it', 'levili' means 'so that there will be no', 'heyot' means 'being', 'sham' means 'there', 'arov' means 'crow', 'lema\'an' means 'in order that', 'teda' means 'you may know', 'ki' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'beker\u00E9v' means 'in the midst of', 'haaretz' means 'the land'.
[EXO.8.19] And I will set a ransom between my people and your people; tomorrow this sign will be. [§]
ve-samti pedut bein ami u-bein ammekha le-machar yihye ha-ot hazeh.
've-samti' means 'and I will set/place', 'pedut' means 'ransom' or 'redemption', 'bein' means 'between', 'ami' means 'my people', 'u-bein' means 'and between', 'ammekha' means 'your people', 'le-machar' means 'tomorrow', 'yihye' means 'it will be', 'ha-ot' means 'the sign', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[EXO.8.20] And Yahveh did thus, and a great raven entered the house of Pharaoh and the house of his servants, and throughout the land of Egypt the land shall be ruined because of the raven. [§]
Vayyaas Yahveh kehn vayyavo arav kaved beita Pharaoh uveit avadai uvekhal eretz Mitzrayim tishachet haaretz mifnei hearov.
'Vayyaas' means 'and He made', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'kehn' means 'thus' or 'so', 'vayyavo' means 'and He came', 'arav' means 'a raven', 'kaved' means 'great' or 'heavy', 'beita' means 'into the house of', 'Pharaoh' means the Egyptian ruler, 'uveit' means 'and into the house of', 'avadai' means 'his servants', 'uvekhal' means 'and throughout', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'tishachet' means 'shall be ruined' or 'shall be destroyed', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'mifnei' means 'because of' or 'before', 'hearov' means 'the raven'.
[EXO.8.21] And Pharaoh called to Moses and to Aaron, and he said, 'Go, offer sacrifices to your Gods in the land.' [§]
Vayikra Pharaoh el-Moshe v'le-Aharon vayomer lechu zivchu leEloheichem baaretz.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Pharaoh' is a title left unchanged, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'v'le-Aharon' means 'and to Aaron', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lechu' means 'go' (plural imperative), 'zivchu' means 'offer sacrifices', 'leEloheichem' means 'to your Gods' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods', with your- suffix), 'baaretz' means 'in the land'.
[EXO.8.22] Moses said, 'It is not right to do so, because you would offer the abomination of Egypt to Yahveh our God; indeed we would offer the abomination of Egypt before them, and they will not be ashamed.' [§]
Vayomer Moshe lo nachon la'asot ken ki to'evat Mitzrayim nizbach laYHWH Eloheinu hen nizbach et-to'evat Mitzrayim le'einehem velo yisk'lunoo.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'lo' means 'not', 'nachon' means 'right' or 'proper', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', 'ki' means 'because', 'to'evat' means 'the abomination', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'nizbach' means 'we will sacrifice/offering', 'laYHWH' means 'to Yahveh' (YHWH rendered as Yahveh), 'Eloheinu' means 'our God' (El = God), 'hen' means 'indeed', 'et-to'evat' repeats 'the abomination', 'le'einehem' means 'before their eyes', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yisk'lunoo' means 'they will be ashamed'.
[EXO.8.23] The way of three days we will walk in the desert and we will sacrifice to Yahveh the Gods as he will say to us. [§]
Derekh shloshet yamim neilekh bamidbar ve-zavachnu laYahveh Eloheinu kaasher yomar eleinu.
'Derekh' means 'way' or 'road', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', together 'Derekh shloshet yamim' means 'a three-day way'. 'Neilekh' means 'we will walk' or 'we will go'. 'Bamidbar' means 'in the desert'. 'Ve-zavachnu' means 'and we will sacrifice'. 'LaYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the literal rendering of YHVH). 'Eloheinu' means 'our the Gods' (the literal rendering of Elohim). 'Kaasher' means 'as'. 'Yomar' means 'he will say'. 'Eleinu' means 'to us'.
[EXO.8.24] And Pharaoh said, I will let you go and I will sacrifice to Yahveh your the Gods in the wilderness, only the far you shall not go, you shall stay for me. [§]
Vayomer Par'oh anochi ashalach etchem uzevachtam laYahveh elohichem bamidbar rak harcheq lo-tarchiku lalekhet ha'etiru baadi.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'anochi' means 'I', 'ashalach' means 'will let go', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'uzevachtam' means 'and will sacrifice', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHVH), 'elohichem' means 'your the Gods' (Elohim), 'bamidbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'rak' means 'only', 'harcheq' means 'far', 'lo-tarchiku' means 'you shall not go away', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'ha'etiru' means 'delay' or 'stay', 'baadi' means 'for me'.
[EXO.8.25] And Moses said, Behold, I am going out from before you, and I will petition Yahveh, and the raven will depart from Pharaoh, from his servants and from his people tomorrow; only let Pharaoh not delay to send the people to sacrifice to Yahveh. [§]
Vayomer Moshe hein'eh anochi yotze me'imecha veha'atrati el-Yahveh ve-sar ha'arev miPharaoh me'avadi vume'ammo machar rak al-yosef Pharaoh ha'tel levilti shalach et-ha'am lizboach laYahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'hein'eh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'yotze' means 'am going out', 'me'imecha' means 'from before you', 'veha'atrati' means 'and I will petition', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHVH translated as Yahveh), 've-sar' means 'and will depart', 'ha'arev' means 'the raven', 'miPharaoh' means 'from Pharaoh', 'me'avadi' means 'from his servants', 'vume'ammo' means 'and from his people', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'rak' means 'only', 'al-yosef' means 'let not add/let not continue', 'Pharaoh' is the name of the Egyptian ruler, 'ha'tel' means 'to delay', 'levilti' means 'without', 'shalach' means 'to send', 'et-ha'am' means 'the people', 'lizboach' means 'to sacrifice', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh'.
[EXO.8.26] And Moses went out from Pharaoh's presence and cried out to Yahveh. [§]
Va-yetzeh Moshe me-im Paroh va-ye'atar el Yahveh.
'Va-yetzeh' means 'and went out', 'Moshe' is the name 'Moses', 'me-im' means 'from the presence of', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'va-ye'atar' means 'and cried out' or 'entreated', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[EXO.8.27] And Yahveh acted according to Moses' word, and He removed the oppression from Pharaoh, from his servants and from his people; not one was left. [§]
Vaya'as Yahveh kidvar Moshe vayasar ha'arob mip'raho me'avdav u'mea'amo lo nish'ar echad.
'Vaya'as' means 'and he did/acted', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'kidvar' means 'according to the word', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayasar' means 'and he removed', 'ha'arob' is a difficult Hebrew term that likely refers to the oppression or the oppressor, 'mip'raho' means 'from Pharaoh', 'me'avdav' means 'from his servants', 'u'mea'amo' means 'and from his people', 'lo' means 'not', 'nish'ar' means 'was left', 'echad' means 'one'.
[EXO.8.28] And Pharaoh hardened his heart also at this time, and he did not let the people go. [§]
Vayakveb Paroh et libo gam bapam hazot velo shilach et haam.
'Vayakveb' means 'and he hardened', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'libo' means 'his heart', 'gam' means 'also', 'bapam' means 'at the time/occasion', 'hazot' means 'this' (feminine), 'velo' means 'and not', 'shilach' means 'let go' or 'send', the second 'et' is again a direct‑object marker, and 'haam' means 'the people'.
EXO.9
[EXO.9.1] And Yahveh said to Moses, Go to Pharaoh and speak to him: thus says Yahveh, the Gods of the Hebrews, Send my people that they may serve me. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe bo el-Pharaoh ve-dibarta elav ko amar Yahveh Elohei ha-ivrim shalach et-ami ve-yaavduni.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'bo' means 'go', 'el-Pharaoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 've-dibarta' means 'and you shall speak', 'elav' means 'to him', 'ko' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', the second 'Yahveh' again is the divine name, 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' meaning 'the Gods', 'ha-ivrim' means 'of the Hebrews', 'shalach' means 'send', 'et-ami' means 'my people', 've-yaavduni' means 'that they may serve me'.
[EXO.9.2] For if you refuse to send and you still hold them. [§]
ki im maen attah leshalekha veodkha machazik bam.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'maen' means 'refuse', 'attah' means 'you (masculine singular)', 'leshalekha' means 'to send', 'veodkha' means 'and still you', 'machazik' means 'hold on to' or 'retain', 'bam' means 'them'.
[EXO.9.3] Behold, the hand of Yahveh will bring a very heavy pestilence upon your livestock in the field, the horses, the donkeys, the mules, the cattle, and the sheep. [§]
Hinneh yad-Yahveh hoyah b'miknekha asher ba-sadeh ba-susim ba-chamorim ba-gemalim ba-bakar uva-tzon dever chaved meod.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'yad' means 'hand', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'hoyah' means 'will bring', 'b'' means 'in' or 'upon', 'miknekha' means 'your livestock', 'asher' means 'that', 'ba-sadeh' means 'in the field', 'ba-susim' means 'the horses', 'ba-chamorim' means 'the donkeys', 'ba-gemalim' means 'the mules', 'ba-bakar' means 'the cattle', 'uva-tzon' means 'and the sheep', 'dever' means 'pestilence', 'chaved' means 'heavy', 'meod' means 'very'.
[EXO.9.4] And Yahveh will cause a division between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of Egypt, and not a thing will be lost among all the children of Israel. [§]
vehiplah Yahveh bein mikneh Yisrael uvein mikneh Mitzrayim velo yamut mikol livnei Yisrael dabar.
'vehiplah' means 'and will cause to fall' (a verb of division), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bein' means 'between', 'mikneh' means 'the livestock of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'uvein' means 'and between', the second 'mikneh' again 'the livestock of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yamot' means 'will die', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'livnei' means 'of the children of', the second 'Yisrael' again 'Israel', and 'dabar' means 'thing' or 'word'. The verse therefore speaks of Yahveh dividing the herds of Israel and Egypt and that no 'thing' (i.e., disaster) will be lost among the children of Israel.
[EXO.9.5] And Yahveh set an appointed time, saying, 'Tomorrow Yahveh will do this thing in the earth.' [§]
Vayyasem Yahveh moed leemor machar ya'aseh Yahveh hadavar hazeh baaretz.
'Vayyasem' means 'and he set' or 'and he appointed', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'moed' means 'appointed time' or 'set time', 'leemor' means 'to say' or 'saying', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'ya'aseh' means 'he will do', the second 'Yahveh' again refers to the divine name, 'hadavar' means 'the thing' or 'the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this', and 'baaretz' means 'in the earth' or 'on the land'.
[EXO.9.6] And Yahveh performed this act the next day, and all the livestock of Egypt died, but not one of the livestock of the children of Israel died. [§]
Vayyaas Yahveh et hammadavar hazeh mimachorat vayamat kol mikne Mitzrayim umimikne bnei Yisrael lo met echad.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hammadavar' means 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'mimachorat' means 'the next day' (literally 'from tomorrow'), 'vayamat' means 'and died', 'kol' means 'all', 'mikne Mitzrayim' means 'the livestock of Egypt', 'umimikne bnei Yisrael' means 'and from the livestock of the children of Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'met' means 'died', 'echad' means 'one'.
[EXO.9.7] And Pharaoh sent, and behold, not one of Israel's livestock died, and Pharaoh's heart was hard, and he did not send the people. [§]
Vayishlach Paroh vehineh lo-met mimikneh Yisrael ad echad vayikbad lev Paroh velo shilach et haam.
'Vayishlach' means 'And he sent', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold' or 'see', 'lo' means 'not', 'met' means 'died', 'mi' means 'from', 'mikneh' means 'the livestock', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ad' means 'until' or 'up to', 'echad' means 'one', 'vayikbad' means 'and he hardened', 'lev' means 'heart', 'Paroh' again 'Pharaoh', 'velo' means 'and not', 'shilach' means 'he sent', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haam' means 'the people'.
[EXO.9.8] Yahveh said to Moses and Aaron, Take a handful of ashes from the furnace, and Moses shall cast it into the heavens before the eyes of Pharaoh. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe ve-el-Aharon k'chu lachem melo chafneichem piah kibshan uzerako Moshe hashamayim le-einei Pharaoh.
'Vayomer' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the divine name translated as Yahveh, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 've-el-Aharon' means 'and to Aaron', 'k'chu' means 'take', 'lachem' means 'for yourselves', 'melo' means 'a handful', 'chafneichem' means 'of your ashes', 'piah' means 'from the furnace', 'kibshan' means 'and', 'uzerako' means 'Moses shall cast it', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'le-einei' means 'before the eyes of', 'Pharaoh' is the Egyptian ruler.
[EXO.9.9] And it shall be for war upon all the land of Egypt, and it shall be upon the man and upon the beasts to cause a sprouting of avab'oot throughout the whole land of Egypt. [§]
vehayah le'avak al kol eretz mitsrayim vehayah al ha'adam ve'al habhemah lishchin poreach avab'oot bekol eretz mitsrayim.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'le'avak' means 'for battle' or 'to war', 'al' means 'upon', 'kol eretz' means 'all the land', 'mitsrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vehayah' again means 'and it shall be', 'al ha'adam' means 'upon the man', 've'al habhemah' means 'and upon the beasts', 'lishchin' means 'to cause to bleed' or 'to afflict', 'poreach' means 'sprouting' or 'flowering', 'avab'oot' is a plural form possibly indicating 'sprouts' or a type of pestilence, 'bekol eretz mitsrayim' means 'throughout all the land of Egypt'.
[EXO.9.10] And they took the staff of the frogs and placed it before Pharaoh, and Moses threw it into the heavens, and there was a swarm of frogs spreading among men and among the animals. [§]
Vayikchu et-pi'ach hakivshan vayya'amdu lifnei Parho vayizrok oto Moshe hashamaimah vayhi shechin avab'ot pore'ach baadam uva'behemah.
'Vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'pi'ach' means 'staff', 'hakivshan' means 'of the frogs', 'vayya'amdu' means 'and they placed', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Parho' means 'Pharaoh', 'vayizrok' means 'and threw', 'oto' means 'it', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'hashamaimah' means 'the heavens', 'vayhi' means 'and there was', 'shechin' means 'a swarm', 'avab'ot' means 'of frogs', 'pore'ach' means 'spreading', 'baadam' means 'among men', 'uva'behemah' means 'and among the animals'.
[EXO.9.11] And the chariots could not stand before Moses because the sorcery was in the chariots throughout all Egypt. [§]
Ve lo yachlu hachartummim laamod lifnei Moshe mipnei hashchin ki haya hashchin bachartummim uvechol Mitzrayim.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yachlu' means 'could', 'hachartummim' means 'the chariots', 'laamod' means 'to stand', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'hashchin' means 'the sorcery' (the magical arts), 'ki' means 'that', 'haya' means 'was', 'bachartummim' means 'in the chariots', 'uvechol' means 'and throughout', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.9.12] And Yahveh strengthened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not listen to them, as Yahveh spoke to Moses. [§]
Vayachazek Yahveh et lev Paroh ve'lo shama alehem ke'asher diber Yahveh el Moshe.
'Vayachazek' means 'and he strengthened', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'lev' means 'heart', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'shama' means 'he listened', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'ke'asher' means 'as', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' again is the divine name, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses'.
[EXO.9.13] And Yahveh said to Moses, Rise early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh and say to him, Thus says Yahveh the Gods of the Hebrews, Let my people go so that they may serve me. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe haShekhem ba-boker ve-hityatzev lifnei Par'oh ve-amar-ta elav koh amar Yahveh Elohei ha-ivrim shallech et-ammi ve-ya'avduni.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'haShekhem' means 'rise early', 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 've-hityatzev' means 'and stand', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 've-amar-ta' means 'and you shall say', 'elav' means 'to him', 'koh amar' means 'thus says', 'Yahveh' again is the personal name, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'ha-ivrim' means 'of the Hebrews', 'shallech' means 'let go', 'et-ammi' means 'my people', 've-ya'avduni' means 'that they may serve me'.
[EXO.9.14] Because in this time I am sending all my plagues to your heart and to your servants and to your people, so that you may know that there is none like me in all the earth. [§]
Ki ba-pam ha-zot anochi sho-lech et-kol mag-pe-ta-i el libkha u-va-avadekha u-va-amkha ba-avur te-da ki ein kamo-ni be-kol ha-aretz.
'Ki' means 'because', 'ba-pam' means 'in this time', 'ha-zot' means 'this', 'anochi' means 'I', 'sho-lech' means 'am sending', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'mag-pe-ta-i' means 'my plagues', 'el' means 'to', 'libkha' means 'your heart', 'u-va-avadekha' means 'and to your servants', 'u-va-amkha' means 'and to your people', 'ba-avur' means 'in order that', 'te-da' means 'you may know', 'ki' means 'that', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'kamo-ni' means 'like me', 'be-kol' means 'in all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth'.
[EXO.9.15] For now I have sent my hand, and only you and your people in the word, and you shall be cut off from the earth. [§]
Ki atah shalachti et-yadi va'ach otkha ve'et-amkha ba-daver ve-tikached min-ha'aretz.
'Ki' means 'for', 'atah' means 'now', 'shalachti' means 'I have sent', 'et-yadi' means 'my hand', 'va'ach' means 'and only', 'otkha' means 'you', 've'et-amkha' means 'and your people', 'ba-daver' means 'in the word' (or 'by the word'), 've-tikached' means 'and you shall be cut off' or 'destroyed', 'min-ha'aretz' means 'from the earth'.
[EXO.9.16] And indeed, for this I have set you, for the purpose of showing you my power, and in order that I may proclaim my name throughout the earth. [§]
ve'ulam ba'avur zot he'emadti'cha ba'avur har'ot'cha et-kochi ul'ma'an sapper shem-i b'chol ha'aretz.
've' means 'and', 'ulam' means 'indeed', 'ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'zot' means 'this', 'he'emadti'cha' means 'I have set/appointed you', 'har'ot'cha' means 'to show you', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kochi' means 'my power' or 'my strength', 'ul'ma'an' means 'in order that', 'sapper' means 'to proclaim' or 'to recount', 'shem-i' means 'my name', 'b'chol ha'aretz' means 'throughout the earth'.
[EXO.9.17] You still are perplexed in my people without sending them. [§]
odkha mistolel be'ami levilti shal'kham.
'odkha' means 'still you' (the adverb 'still' plus the second‑person masculine singular suffix), 'mistolel' means 'is perplexed' or 'is astonished' (the verb stem from the root "stl" meaning to be confused), 'be'ami' means 'in my people' (the preposition "be" + "ami" meaning "my people"), 'levilti' means 'without' (the negative construct "l'vilti"), 'shal'kham' means 'sending them' (the infinitive construct of the verb "shalach" 'to send' with the third‑person masculine plural suffix).
[EXO.9.18] Behold, I will cause a heavy, very great rain tomorrow, such as never was in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. [§]
Hineni mamtir ka'et machar barad kaved meod asher lo-hayah kamoohu beMitzrayim lemin ha-yom ivasda ve'ad-atah.
'Hineni' means 'Here I am', 'mamtir' means 'I will cause to rain', 'ka'et' means 'at the time', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'barad' means 'rain', 'kaved' means 'heavy/weighty', 'meod' means 'very', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lo-hayah' means 'was not', 'kamoohu' means 'like it', 'beMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'lemin' means 'from the time', 'ha-yom' means 'the day', 'ivasda' means 'it was founded', 've'ad-atah' means 'and until now'.
[EXO.9.19] Now send the goat your livestock and all that is yours in the field, all the man and the beast that is found in the field, and the house shall not be gathered; and snow fell upon them and they died. [§]
ve'ata sh'laḥ ha'ez et-miknekha ve'et kol asher lekha basadeh kol ha'adam vehabhemah asher yimatse basadeh velo ye'osef habaita vayarad alehem habarad va'metu.
've'ata' means 'and now', 'sh'laḥ' means 'send', 'ha'ez' means 'the goat', 'et-miknekha' means 'your livestock', 've'et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lekha' means 'is yours', 'basadeh' means 'in the field', 'kol ha'adam' means 'all the man', 'vehabehmah' means 'and the beast', 'asher yimatse' means 'that is found', 'velo ye'osef' means 'and not gathered', 'habaita' means 'the house', 'vayarad' means 'and snow fell', 'alehem' means 'upon them', 'habarad' means 'the snow', 'va'metu' means 'and they died'.
[EXO.9.20] The one who fears the word of Yahveh among Pharaoh's servants, bring his servants and his livestock into the houses. [§]
hayyare et dvar yahveh me avedey paroh henis et avadav ve et miknehu el habatim.
'hayyare' means 'the one who fears', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'dvar' means 'word', 'yahveh' is the name of God, 'me' means 'from' or 'among', 'avedey' means 'the servants', 'paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'henis' means 'bring in', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 've' means 'and', 'et' again the object marker, 'miknehu' means 'his livestock', 'el' means 'to', 'habatim' means 'the houses'.
[EXO.9.21] And the one who has not set his heart to the word of Yahveh has abandoned his servants and his livestock in the field. [§]
va'asher lo sam libo el-dvar Yahveh vayazov et-avadav ve'et-miknehu basade.
'va'asher' means 'and the one who', 'lo' means 'not', 'sam' means 'set', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'el-dvar' means 'to the word', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayazov' means 'and has abandoned', 'et-avadav' means 'his servants', 've'et-miknehu' means 'and his livestock', 'basade' means 'in the field'.
[EXO.9.22] And Yahveh said to Moses, stretch out your hand over the heavens and let there be hail throughout the land of Egypt, upon the man and upon the beast and upon all the grass of the field in the land of Egypt. [§]
vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe neteh et-yadkha al-hashamayim vi-yi-hee barad be-khol eretz Mitzrayim al-haadam ve-al-habehemah ve-al kol esev hasadeh be-eretz Mitzrayim
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'neteh' means 'stretch out', 'et-yadkha' means 'your hand', 'al-hashamayim' means 'over the heavens', 'vi-yi-hee' means 'and let there be', 'barad' means 'hail', 'be-khol' means 'throughout', 'eretz Mitzrayim' means 'the land of Egypt', 'al-haadam' means 'upon the man', 've-al-habehemah' means 'and upon the beast', 've-al kol esev hasadeh' means 'and upon all the grass of the field', 'be-eretz Mitzrayim' repeats 'in the land of Egypt'.
[EXO.9.23] And Moses raised his staff over the heavens, and Yahveh gave hail and frost, and fire went down on the earth, and Yahveh rained hail upon the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayet Moshe et-mattehu al-hashamayim vayYahveh natan kolot uvarad vtihalekh esh aretz vayamter Yahveh barad al eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayet' means 'and he raised', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'mattehu' means 'his staff', 'al' means 'over', 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'vayYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'natan' means 'gave', 'kolot' means 'hail', 'uvarad' means 'and frost', 'vtihalekh' means 'and (it) went down', 'esh' means 'fire', 'aretz' means 'of the earth', 'vayamter' means 'and (Yahveh) rained', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'barad' means 'hail', 'al' means 'upon', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.9.24] And there was hail and fire striking within the hail, very heavy, that was not like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. [§]
Vayehi barad ve'esh mitlakachat betoch habarad kavod meod asher lo-hayah kamoohu bekhol eretz Mitzrayim me'az haytah legei.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'barad' means 'hail', 've'esh' means 'and fire', 'mitlakachat' means 'striking down' or 'moving within', 'betoch' means 'within', 'habarad' means 'the hail', 'kavod' means 'great' or 'heavy', 'meod' means 'very', 'asher' means 'that', 'lo-hayah' means 'was not', 'kamoohu' means 'like it', 'bekhol' means 'in all', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'me'az' means 'since', 'haytah' means 'it was', 'legei' means 'for a nation'.
[EXO.9.25] And the hail struck all the land of Egypt, all that was in the field, man and beast, and all the grass of the field the hail struck, and all the trees of the field were broken. [§]
vayakh habbarad bechol eretz mitsrayim et kol asher basadeh meadam vead behemah ve'et kol eshav hasadeh hika habbarad ve'et kol etz hasadeh shiver.
"vayakh" means "and he struck", "habbarad" means "the hail", "bechol" means "in all", "eretz" means "the land", "mitsrayim" means "of Egypt", "et" is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), "kol" means "all", "asher" means "that", "basadeh" means "in the field", "meadam" means "from man", "vead" means "and from", "behemah" means "beast", "ve'et" means "and", "eshav" means "grass", "hasadeh" means "of the field", "hika" means "struck", "etz" means "tree", "shiver" means "broke".
[EXO.9.26] Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, there was no hail. [§]
Rak be'eretz Goshen asher-sham b'nei Yisrael lo haya barad.
'Rak' means 'only', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Goshen' is a proper name of a region, 'asher' means 'that', 'sham' means 'there', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'haya' means 'was', 'barad' means 'hail'.
[EXO.9.27] And Pharaoh sent, and he called to Moses and to Aaron, and he said to them, I have sinned this time Yahveh the righteous, and I and my people are the wicked. [§]
Vayishlach Paroh vayikra leMosh e veLeaharon vayomer alehem chatati hapaam Yahveh hatsaddik veani veami harasha'im.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'leMosh e' means 'to Moses', 'veLeaharon' means 'and to Aaron', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'chatati' means 'I have sinned', 'hapaam' means 'this time', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'hatsaddik' means 'the righteous', 'veani' means 'and I', 'veami' means 'and my people', 'harasha'im' means 'the wicked'.
[EXO.9.28] Hasten to Yahveh and many, as many as exist, are the voices of the Gods and hail; I will send you and you will not add to stand. [§]
ha'athiru el-Yahveh ve'rav miheyot kolot Elohim uvarad vashallachah etchem velo tosifun la'amod.
'ha'athiru' means 'hasten' (imperative plural), 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'rav' means 'many', 'miheyot' means 'from being' (idiomatically 'as many as exist'), 'kolot' means 'voices' or 'sounds', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'uvarad' means 'and hail', 'vashallachah' means 'and I will send', 'etchem' means 'you' (plural object), 'velo' means 'and not', 'tosifun' means 'you will add/continue', 'la'amod' means 'to stand'.
[EXO.9.29] And he said to him Moses, when I go out of the city I will spread my hands toward Yahveh, the voices will cease and the frost will be no longer, so that you may know that the earth belongs to Yahveh. [§]
Vayomer elav Moshe ketseti et-ha'ir efrash et-kappa el-Yahveh hakolot yechadlun vehabbarad lo yihyeh od lema'an tedah ki leYahveh haaretz.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Moshe' is the name 'Moses', 'ketseti' means 'when I go out', 'et-ha'ir' means 'of the city', 'efrash' means 'I will spread', 'et-kappa' means 'my hands', 'el' means 'toward', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'hakolot' means 'the voices', 'yechadlun' means 'will cease', 'vehabbarad' means 'and the frost', 'lo yihyeh' means 'will not be', 'od' means 'any longer', 'lema'an' means 'for the purpose that', 'tedah' means 'you may know', 'ki' means 'that', 'leYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[EXO.9.30] I know that you and your servants have not yet feared before Yahveh the Gods. [§]
ve'atah va'avadecha yadati ki terem tireun mipnei Yahveh Elohim.
've'atah' means 'and you', 'va'avadecha' means 'and your servants', 'yadati' means 'I know', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'terem' means 'not yet' (literally 'before'), 'tireun' means 'you will fear' (in the negative sense with 'terem' it reads 'you have not yet feared'), 'mipnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'.
[EXO.9.31] And the pishtha and the se'ora are cut off, for the se'ora is a bud and the pishtha is a swelling. [§]
vehapishtah vehasseora nukkatah ki hasora aviv vehapishtah gibol.
've' means 'and', 'hapishtah' means 'the pishtha' (a swelling or tumor), 've' again means 'and', 'hasseora' means 'the se'ora' (a crust or scab), 'nukkatah' means 'is cut off' or 'is removed', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'hasora' (same as se'ora) means 'the scab/bud', 'aviv' means 'is sprouting' or 'is a bud', 've' again means 'and', 'hapishtah' again means 'the pishtha', and 'gibol' means 'is a swelling' or 'is a tumor'.
[EXO.9.32] And the wheat and the spelt shall not be ground, because they are leaven. [§]
ve-hachitta ve-hakusemet lo nukhku ki afilot hen.
've' means 'and', 'hachitta' means 'the wheat', 've' again means 'and', 'hakusemet' means 'the spelt' (or 'the millet'), 'lo' means 'not', 'nukhku' means 'shall be ground' (from the root *nekho* 'to grind'), 'ki' means 'because', 'afilot' means 'they are leaven', 'hen' means 'they are'.
[EXO.9.33] And Moses went out from Pharaoh's house and he spread his hands toward Yahveh and the voices, the hail, and the rain stopped and none fell upon the earth. [§]
va-yetse Moshe me-im Pharaoh et-ha'ir va-yipros kapav el-Yahveh va-yachdelu hakolot ve-habarad u-matar lo-nitach artzah.
'va-yetse' means 'and went out', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'me-im' means 'from the house of', 'Pharaoh' means 'Pharaoh', 'et-ha'ir' means 'the city', 'va-yipros' means 'and he spread', 'kapav' means 'his hands', 'el-Yahveh' means 'toward Yahveh', 'va-yachdelu' means 'and they stopped', 'hakolot' means 'the voices', 've-habarad' means 'and the hail', 'u-matar' means 'and the rain', 'lo-nitach' means 'did not fall', 'artzah' means 'the earth'.
[EXO.9.34] And Pharaoh saw that the rain, hail, and fire had ceased, and he continued to sin, and he hardened his heart, he and his servants. [§]
Vayar Paroh ki chadal hamatar ve-habarad ve-hakolot vayyasaf lachato vayakbed libo hu ve-avadav.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Paroh' is the name Pharaoh, 'ki' means 'that', 'chadal' means 'stopped' or 'ceased', 'hamatar' means 'the rain', 've-habarad' means 'and the hail', 've-hakolot' means 'and the fire', 'vayyasaf' means 'and he added' or 'continued', 'lachato' means 'to sin', 'vayakbed' means 'and he hardened', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'hu' means 'he', 've-avadav' means 'and his servants'.
[EXO.9.35] And Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he did not let the children of Israel go, as Yahveh spoke by the hand of Moses. [§]
Vaychezak lev Paroh velo shillach et-bnei Yisrael ka'asher diber Yahveh beyd Moshe.
'Vaychezak' means 'and he hardened', 'lev' means 'heart', 'Paroh' is the name Pharaoh, 'velo' means 'and not', 'shillach' means 'let go' or 'send away', 'et-bnei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'beyd' means 'by the hand of', and 'Moshe' means 'Moses'. The verse therefore says that Pharaoh's heart was hardened and he did not release the children of Israel, just as Yahveh had spoken by the hand of Moses.
EXO.10
[EXO.10.1] And Yahweh said to Moses, 'Come to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants, in order that I may show these signs among them.' [§]
vayomer Yahweh el-Moshe bo el-Paroh ki ani hikbadti et libo ve-et lev avadav lema'an shiti otam eleh beqirbo.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahweh' means the Divine Name YHWH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'bo' means 'come', 'el' means 'to', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'ki' means 'for', 'ani' means 'I', 'hikbadti' means 'have hardened', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'libo' means 'his heart', 've-et' means 'and the', 'lev' means 'heart', 'avadav' means 'of his servants', 'lema'an' means 'in order that', 'shiti' means 'I may bring forth/show', 'otam' means 'them', 'eleh' means 'these', 'beqirbo' means 'in his midst'.
[EXO.10.2] In order that you will tell to the ears of your son and the son of your son that I exalted in Egypt and my signs which I set among them, you shall know that I am Yahweh. [§]
Ulema'an tesaper be'oznei bincha u'ven-bincha et asher hit'alalti beMitzrayim ve'et ototai asher samti bam viyada tem ki ani Yahweh.
'Ulema'an' means 'in order that', 'tesaper' means 'you will tell', 'be'oznei' means 'to the ears of', 'bincha' means 'your son', 'u'ven-bincha' means 'and the son of your son', 'et' is a direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'asher' means 'that which' or 'which', 'hit'alalti' means 'I have exalted' or 'I have raised up', 'beMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 've'et' means 'and the', 'ototai' means 'my signs', 'asher' again means 'which', 'samti' means 'I have set', 'bam' means 'in them', 'viyada tem' means 'you shall know', 'ki' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahweh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[EXO.10.3] And Moses and Aaron came to Pharaoh, and they said to him, Thus says Yahveh, the Gods of the Hebrews: How long will you refuse to answer before Me? Send My people, that they may serve Me. [§]
Vayavo Moshe veAharon el-Paroh vayomru elav koh amar Yahveh Elohei ha'ivrim ad matai me'anta le'anot mipani shalach ami ve'yaavduni.
'Vayavo' means 'and came', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron', 'el-Paroh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'koh amar' means 'thus says', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' meaning 'the Gods', 'ha'ivrim' means 'of the Hebrews', 'ad matai' means 'how long', 'me'anta' means 'are you refusing', 'le'anot' means 'to answer', 'mipani' means 'before Me', 'shalach' means 'send', 'ami' means 'my people', 've'yaavduni' means 'and they may serve Me'.
[EXO.10.4] For if you refuse to send out my people, behold I will bring a fire tomorrow in your border. [§]
Ki im maen attah leshaleach et ami hineni mevi machar arbeh bigvulecha.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'maen' means 'you refuse', 'attah' means 'you' (masculine singular), 'leshaleach' means 'to send out', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ami' means 'my people', 'hineni' means 'behold I', 'mevi' means 'I will bring', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'arbeh' means 'a fire', 'bigvulecha' means 'in your border' or 'in your territory'.
[EXO.10.5] And [he] covers the eye of the earth, and he cannot see the earth, and he ate the remaining surplus of the snow for you from the snow, and he ate all the tree that is growing for you from the field. [§]
vekhisa et ein haaretz velo yuchal lir'ot et haaretz ve'achal et yeter ha-pletah hanishe'eret lachem min habarad ve'achal et kol ha'etz hatsome'ach lachem min hasadeh.
've' means 'and', 'khisa' means 'covers', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ein' means 'eye', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yuchal' means 'can', 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 've'achal' means 'and (he) ate', 'yeter' means 'the remainder', 'ha-pletah' means 'the surplus', 'hanishe'eret' means 'that is left', 'lachem' means 'for you (plural)', 'min' means 'from', 'habarad' means 'the snow', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'etz' means 'the tree', 'hatsome'ach' means 'that is growing', 'hasadeh' means 'the field'.
[EXO.10.6] They filled your house and the houses of all your slaves and the houses of all Egypt who have not seen your fathers and the fathers of your fathers since the day they were on the ground until this day, and he turned and went out from Pharaoh. [§]
Umalu batekha u-batei kol avadeikha u-batei kol Mitzrayim asher lo ra'u avotekha v-avot avotekha miyom heivotam al haadamah ad hayom hazeh vayifen vayetse meim Parho.
'Umalu' means 'they filled', 'batekha' means 'your house', 'u-batei' means 'and the houses of', 'kol' means 'all', 'avadeikha' means 'your slaves', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'asher' means 'who', 'lo' means 'not', 'ra\'u' means 'they saw', 'avotekha' means 'your fathers', 'v-avot' means 'and the fathers of', 'miyom' means 'since the day', 'heivotam' means 'they were', 'al' means 'on', 'haadamah' means 'the ground', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'this day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vayifen' means 'and he turned', 'vayetse' means 'and he went out', 'meim' means 'from', 'Parho' means 'Pharaoh'.
[EXO.10.7] And the servants of Pharaoh said to him, "Until when will this be a burden for us? Send the men and let them serve Yahveh, their Gods, before you know that Egypt is lost." [§]
Vayomru avdei Paroh elav ad matay yihyeh ze lanu lemoqesh shalach et ha'anashim ve'ya'avdu et Yahveh Elohehem haterem teda ki avda Mitzrayim.
'Vayomru' means 'And they said', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'elav' means 'to him', 'ad' means 'until', 'matay' means 'when', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'ze' means 'this', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'lemoqesh' means 'as a burden', 'shalach' means 'send', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 've'ya'avdu' means 'and let them serve', 'et' again object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHWH, 'Elohehem' means 'their Gods', 'haterem' means 'before you know', 'teda' means 'you will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'avda' means 'is lost', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.10.8] And he sent Moses and Aaron to Pharaoh, and he said to them, 'Go, serve Yahveh your Gods; who and who are walking?' [§]
Vayushav et-Moshe ve-et-Aharon el-Pharaoh vayomer alehem lechu ivdu et-Yahveh Eloheichem mi va-mi ha-holchim.
'Vayushav' means 'and he sent', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 've-et' means 'and (the marker)'. 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'el' means 'to', 'Pharaoh' means 'Pharaoh', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'lechu' means 'go', 'ivdu' means 'serve', 'et' again is the object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Eloheichem' means 'your Gods' (plural), 'mi' means 'who', 'va-mi' means 'and who', 'ha-holchim' means 'the walking ones' or 'those who go'.
[EXO.10.9] And Moses said, 'Let us go with our youths and with our elders, let us go with our sons and with our daughters, with our sheep and with our cattle, let us go, for the feast of Yahveh is for us.' [§]
Vayomer Moshe binareinu ubizkenenu neilech bevanenu ubivnotenu betzoaneinu ubivkarenu neilech ki chag Yahveh lanu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'binareinu' means 'among our youths/children', 'ubizkenenu' means 'and among our elders', 'neilech' means 'let us go', 'bevanenu' means 'with our sons', 'ubivnotenu' means 'and with our daughters', 'betzoaneinu' means 'with our sheep', 'ubivkarenu' means 'and with our cattle', 'ki' means 'because', 'chag' means 'feast' or 'festival', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'lanu' means 'for us'.
[EXO.10.10] And he said to them, 'Let it be so; Yahveh be with you as I will send you and your offspring. See, for evil stands before your faces.' [§]
Vayomer alehem yehi ken Yahveh imachem ka'asher ashallah etkhem ve'et-taphekhem re'u ki ra'ah neged penei.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'yehi' means 'let it be', 'ken' means 'so', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'imachem' means 'with you', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'ashallah' means 'I will send', 'etkhem' means 'you (plural) as object', 've'et-taphekhem' means 'and your offspring', 're'u' means 'see', 'ki' means 'for', 'ra'ah' means 'evil', 'neged' means 'against', 'penei' means 'faces'.
[EXO.10.11] Not so, go now, O men, and serve Yahveh, for you are seeking her, and He expelled them from before Pharaoh. [§]
Lo ken lechu na hagevarim ve'ivdu et Yahveh ki otah attam mevakhshim veyigaresh otam me'et penei Pharaoh.
'Lo' means 'not', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'lechu' means 'go', 'na' is a particle meaning 'please' or 'now', 'hagevarim' means 'the men', 've'ivdu' means 'and serve', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yahveh' is the rendered name of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'otah' means 'her' or 'it', 'attam' means 'you' (plural), 'mevakhshim' means 'are seeking', 'veyigaresh' means 'and He expelled', 'otam' means 'them', 'me'et' means 'from' or 'away', 'penei' means 'the face of', and 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler.
[EXO.10.12] And Yahveh said to Moses, Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt in the flood, and it shall rise over the land of Egypt, and it shall eat all the grass of the land, all that the hail has left. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe Neteh yadkha al-eretz Mitzrayim baarbeh veye'al al-eretz Mitzrayim veyochal et-kol esev haaretz et kol asher hishair habarad.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'Neteh' means 'stretch out', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'al-eretz' means 'over the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'baarbeh' means 'in the flood/river', 'veye'al' means 'and it shall rise/go up', the second 'al-eretz Mitzrayim' repeats 'over the land of Egypt', 'veyochal' means 'and it shall eat', 'et-kol' means 'all', 'esev' means 'grass', 'haaretz' means 'the land', the second 'et' is a particle denoting the direct object, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'hishair' means 'has left/remaining', and 'habarad' means 'the hail'.
[EXO.10.13] And Moses raised his staff over the land of Egypt, and Yahveh caused an east wind to go in the land all the day that [same] day and all the night; the morning was, and the east wind carried the swarm. [§]
Va-yet Moshe et-mattehu al-eretz Mitzrayim, vaYahveh nihag ruach kadim ba-aretz kol-hayom hahu ve-kol-halayla haboker haya ve-ruach hakadim nasha et-harve.
'Va-yet' means 'and he raised', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et-mattehu' means 'his staff', 'al-eretz' means 'over the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vaYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'nihag' means 'caused to move', 'ruach' means 'wind', 'kadim' means 'east', 'ba-aretz' means 'in the land', 'kol-hayom' means 'all the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 've-kol-halayla' means 'and all the night', 'haboker' means 'the morning', 'haya' means 'was', 've-ruach hakadim' repeats 'and the east wind', 'nasha' means 'carried', 'et-harve' means 'the swarm' (the locusts).
[EXO.10.14] And the famine rose over all the land of Egypt and it ceased throughout the whole region of Egypt. It was extremely great before him; there had never been a famine like this, and after it there will never be one like it. [§]
Vayya'al ha'arbeh al kol-aretz Mitzrayim vayyanach bekhol gevul Mitzrayim kavod meod lefanav lo hayah ken arbeh kamohu ve'acharei lo yihyeh-ken.
'Vayya'al' means 'and the famine rose', 'ha'arbeh' means 'the famine', 'al' means 'upon', 'kol-aretz' means 'all the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vayyanach' means 'and it ceased', 'bekhol' means 'throughout all', 'gevul' means 'the region', 'kavod meod' means 'very great', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'lo hayah' means 'there was not', 'ken' means 'so', 'arbeh kamohu' means 'a famine like it', 've'acharei' means 'and after it', 'lo yihyeh-ken' means 'there will not be such again'.
[EXO.10.15] And He covered the eye of all the earth and the earth became dark, and He ate all the grass of the earth and also all the fruit of the tree that the hail left, and no green remained in the tree nor in the field grass in all the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayekhas et-eyn kol-ha'aretz vatekshakh ha'aretz vayo'khal et-kol-eshav ha'aretz ve'et kol-p'ri ha'ets asher hotir habarad ve'lo-notar kol-yerek ba'ets uve'eshav hashade bechol-eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayekhas' means 'and He covered', 'et-eyn' means 'the eye', 'kol-ha'aretz' means 'all the earth', 'vatekhshakh' means 'and the earth became dark', 'ha'aretz' means 'the earth', 'vayo'khal' means 'and He ate', 'et-kol-eshav' means 'all the grass', 'ha'aretz' means 'the earth', 've'et' means 'and', 'kol-p'ri' means 'all the fruit', 'ha'ets' means 'of the tree', 'asher' means 'that', 'hotir' means 'left', 'habarad' means 'the hail', 've'lo-notar' means 'and not remained', 'kol-yerek' means 'all green', 'ba'ets' means 'in the tree', 'uve'eshav' means 'and in the grass', 'hashade' means 'the field', 'bechol-eretz' means 'in all the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.10.16] And Pharaoh hurried to call Moses and Aaron, and he said, 'I have sinned against Yahveh your God and against you.' [§]
Vayemaher Parho likro leMoshé u leAharón vayomer chatati laYahveh Eloheikhem ve-lakhem.
'Vayemaher' means 'and he hurried', 'Parho' means 'Pharaoh', 'likro' means 'to call', 'leMoshé' means 'to Moses', 'u' means 'and', 'leAharón' means 'to Aaron', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'chatati' means 'I have sinned', 'laYahveh' means 'against Yahveh', 'Eloheikhem' means 'your God', 've-lakhem' means 'and against you'.
[EXO.10.17] Now, please lift my sin just this time and postpone it to Yahveh your Gods, and remove from me only this death. [§]
ve'atta sa na chatati akh hapam veha'tiru laYahveh Eloheichem vyeser me'alai rak et-hamavet hazeh.
've'atta' means 'now', 'sa' means 'lift' or 'raise', 'na' means 'please', 'chatati' means 'my sin', 'akh' means 'only' or 'just', 'hapam' means 'this time', 'veha'tiru' means 'and postpone' or 'delay', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'Eloheichem' means 'your Gods', 'vyeser' means 'and remove' or 'withdraw', 'me'alai' means 'from me', 'rak' means 'only', 'et-hamavet' means 'the death', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[EXO.10.18] And he went out from among Pharaoh and he cried out to Yahveh. [§]
Va-yetse me-im Pharaoh ve-ye'atar el-Yahveh.
'Va-yetse' means 'and he went out', 'me-im' means 'from among', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 've-ye'atar' means 'and he cried out' or 'and he prayed earnestly', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh).
[EXO.10.19] And Yahveh turned a very strong sea wind, and he lifted up the army and struck it to death at the end; not one of the army remained in all the border of Egypt. [§]
vayahapoch Yahveh ruach-ym chazak meod vayissa et-harveh vayitka'ehu yamah suf lo nishar harve echad bekhol gevul mitzrayim.
'vayahapoch' means 'and turned', 'Yahveh' is the divine name Yahveh, 'ruach-ym' means 'sea wind' (a wind over the sea), 'chazak' means 'strong', 'meod' means 'very', 'vayissa' means 'and lifted up', 'et-harveh' means 'the army', 'vayitka'ehu' means 'and struck it', 'yamah' means 'to death', 'suf' means 'final', 'lo' means 'not', 'nishar' means 'remained', 'harve' means 'the army', 'echad' means 'one', 'bekhol' means 'in all', 'gevul' means 'border' or 'extent', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.10.20] Yahveh strengthened the heart of Pharaoh and did not send the children of Israel. [§]
vaychazek Yahveh et lev Paroh velo shillach et banei Yisrael Pe
'vaychazek' means 'and strengthened', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God YHVH translated as Yahveh, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'lev' means 'heart', 'Paroh' is the name Pharaoh, 'velo' means 'and not', 'shillach' means 'sent', another 'et' is the object marker, 'banei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', and 'Pe' is a paragraph marker indicating a new section.
[EXO.10.21] And Yahveh said to Moses, stretch out your hand toward the heavens, and let there be darkness over the land of Egypt, and let the darkness be dried up. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe nete yadkha al-hashamayim vi'yi hi choshekh al-aretz Mitzrayim ve'yamesh choshekh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'nete' means 'stretch out', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'al' means 'against' or 'toward', 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'vi'yi hi' means 'and let it be', 'choshekh' means 'darkness', 'al-aretz' means 'over the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've'yamesh' means 'and let ... be dried/ceased', and the final 'choshekh' repeats 'darkness'.
[EXO.10.22] And Moses stretched his hand over the heavens, and there was a deep darkness over all the land of Egypt for three days. [§]
Vayet Moshe et-yado al-hashamayim vayhi choshech apeleh bechol eretz Mitzrayim sheloshet yamim.
'Vayet' means 'and he stretched', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et-yado' means 'his hand', 'al-hashamayim' means 'over the heavens', 'vayhi' means 'and there was', 'choshech' means 'darkness', 'apeleh' means 'deep' or 'thick', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'sheloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days'.
[EXO.10.23] No man saw his brother, nor did any man rise from beneath him for three days, and to all the children of Israel there was light in their settlements. [§]
Lo rao ish et-achiv velo kamu ish mitachtav shleshet yamim u-lechol b'nei Yisrael haya or b'moshvotam.
'Lo' means 'not', 'rao' means 'they saw', 'ish' means 'man', 'et-achiv' means 'his brother', 'velo' means 'and not', 'kamu' means 'they rose', 'mitachtav' means 'from beneath him', 'shleshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'u' means 'and', 'lechol' means 'to all', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'haya' means 'was', 'or' means 'light', 'b'moshvotam' means 'in their settlements'.
[EXO.10.24] Pharaoh called to Moses and said, 'Go, serve Yahveh only; your flocks and your herds will go out, also your offspring will go with you.' [§]
vayikra farao el mose vayomer lechu ivdu et Yahveh rak tzoanchem vekarchem yutzag gam tapchem yelekh imachem.
'vayikra' means 'called', 'farao' means 'Pharaoh', 'el' means 'to', 'mose' means 'Moses', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lechu' means 'go', 'ivdu' means 'serve', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'rak' means 'only', 'tzoanchem' means 'your flocks', 'vekarchem' means 'and your herds', 'yutzag' means 'will go out', 'gam' means 'also', 'tapchem' means 'your offspring', 'yelekh' means 'will go', 'imachem' means 'with you'.
[EXO.10.25] Moses said, 'Will you also give us offerings and burnt offerings, that we may do unto Yahveh our God.' [§]
Vayomer Moshe gam-atah titen beyadeinu zevahim ve'ulot ve'asinu laYahveh Eloheinu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'gam' means 'also', 'atah' means 'you', 'titen' means 'you will give', 'beyadeinu' means 'in our hand', 'zevahim' means 'offerings', 've'ulot' means 'and burnt offerings', 've'asinu' means 'and we will do', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God'.
[EXO.10.26] And also our livestock will go with us; no share will be left because from it we will take to serve Yahveh our God, and we will not know what we will serve Yahveh until we come there. [§]
vegam mikneinu yeilech imanu lo tishar parsah ki mimeinu nikach laavod et Yahveh Eloheinu vaanachnu lo neda ma naavod et Yahveh ad boenu shamah.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'mikneinu' means 'our livestock', 'yeilech' means 'will go', 'imanu' means 'with us', 'lo' means 'not', 'tishar' means 'will remain', 'parsah' means 'a portion' or 'share', 'ki' means 'because', 'mimeinu' means 'from it', 'nikach' means 'we will take', 'laavod' means 'to serve', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Eloheinu' means 'our God', 'vaanachnu' means 'and we', 'lo' means 'not', 'neda' means 'will know', 'ma' means 'what', 'naavod' means 'we will serve', 'ad' means 'until', 'boenu' means 'we come', 'shamah' means 'there'.
[EXO.10.27] Yahveh strengthened the heart of Pharaoh, and he would not let them go. [§]
va-yechazek Yahveh et lev Par'oh ve-lo avah leshal'hem.
'va-yechazek' means 'and (He) strengthened', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'lev' means 'heart', 'Par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'avah' means 'wished' or 'desired', 'leshal'hem' means 'to let them go' (literally 'to send them away').
[EXO.10.28] And Pharaoh said to him, "Go away from me; guard yourself, you will not see my face again, for on the day you see my face you will die." [§]
Vayomer lo Parho lek me'ala, hishamer lecha el tosef ro'ot pani ki beyom ro'otkha pani tamut.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Parho' means 'Pharaoh', 'lek' means 'go', 'me'ala' means 'from me', 'hishamer' means 'guard yourself', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'el' means 'to', 'tosef' means 'again', 'ro'ot' means 'see', 'pani' means 'my face', 'ki' means 'for', 'beyom' means 'in the day', 'ro'otkha' means 'you see', 'pani' again 'my face', 'tamut' means 'you will die'.
[EXO.10.29] And Moses said, 'Thus you have spoken; I will not see your face again.' [§]
Vayomer Moshe ken dibarta lo osif od ro'ot panecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'ken' means 'thus', 'dibarta' means 'you have spoken', 'lo' means 'not', 'osif' means 'I will add' (used idiomatically to mean 'again'), 'od' means 'more' or 'again', 'ro'ot' means 'to see', 'panecha' means 'your face'.
EXO.11
[EXO.11.1] And Yahveh said to Moses, Yet one more plague I will bring upon Pharaoh and upon Egypt; after that I will send you out from here; when I send them out, I will completely drive you out from here. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe od nega echad avia al-Pareh ve-al-Mitzrayim achar-chen yeshallah etchem mi-zeh keshallah kolah gared yegaresh etchem mi-zeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'od' means 'still' or 'yet', 'nega' means 'plague', 'echad' means 'one', 'avia' means 'I will bring', 'al-Pareh' means 'upon Pharaoh', 've-al-Mitzrayim' means 'and upon Egypt', 'achar-chen' means 'after that', 'yeshallach' means 'I will send', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'mi-zeh' means 'from here', 'keshallah' means 'when I send', 'kolah' means 'completely', 'gared' means 'drive out', 'yegaresh' means 'I will drive out', 'etchem' again 'you', 'mi-zeh' again 'from here'.
[EXO.11.2] Speak, please, in the ears of the people, that a man may ask from his companion and a woman from her companion, silver vessels and gold vessels. [§]
Dabber-na be'oznei ha'am ve'yish'alu ish me'et re'ehu ve'isha me'et rehuta kelay-kesef u'klei zahav.
'Dabber-na' means 'speak, please', 'be'oznei' means 'in the ears of', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 've'yish'alu' means 'and they will ask', 'ish' means 'a man', 'me'et' means 'from', 're'ehu' means 'his companion or friend', 've'isha' means 'and a woman', 'rehuta' means 'her companion or friend', 'kelay-kesef' means 'silver vessels', 'u'klei' means 'and', 'zahav' means 'gold'.
[EXO.11.3] And Yahveh gave favor to the people in the eyes of Egypt, also the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt in the eyes of Pharaoh's servants and in the eyes of the people. [§]
Vayiten Yahveh et chen ha-am be'enei Mitzrayim gam ha-ish Moshe gadol me'od be'eretz Mitzrayim be'enei avdei Paroh u've'enei ha-am.
'Vayiten' means 'and gave', 'Yahveh' is the literal name for YHVH, 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'chen' means 'favor', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'be'enei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'gam' means 'also', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'gadol' means 'great', 'me'od' means 'very', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'avdei' means 'servants of', 'Paroh' is the literal name for Pharaoh, 'u' means 'and', and the second 'be'enei' and 'ha-am' repeat 'in the eyes of the people'.
[EXO.11.4] And Moses said, thus says Yahveh: At the middle of the night I will go out within Egypt. [§]
Vayomer Moshe ko amar Yahveh kachatzot halayla ani yotze betoch Mitzrayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'ko' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'kachatzot' means 'half' or 'mid', 'halayla' means 'the night', 'ani' means 'I', 'yotze' means 'will go out', 'betoch' means 'within' or 'in the midst of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.11.5] And every firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the slave woman who is after the months, and all firstborn of the beasts. [§]
u'met kol bekhor ba'arets Mitzrayim, mibekhor Par'oh hayoshev al-kiso, ad bekhor hashifchah asher achar ha-rechayim ve'chol bekhor behemah.
'u'' means 'and', 'met' means 'shall die', 'kol' means 'all', 'bekhor' means 'firstborn', 'ba'arets' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'mibekhor' means 'from the firstborn', 'Par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'hayoshev' means 'who sits', 'al' means 'on', 'kiso' means 'his throne', 'ad' means 'until' or 'even to', 'hashifchah' means 'the slave woman', 'asher' means 'who', 'achar' means 'after', 'ha-rechayim' means 'the months', 've' means 'and', 'chol' means 'all', 'behemah' means 'beasts'.
[EXO.11.6] And there was a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt that there was none like it and there shall be none like it again. [§]
vehaytah tzeakah gedolah bechol-eret mitzrayim asher kamohu lo nihiyatah ve'kamohu lo toseph.
'vehaytah' means 'and it was', 'tzeakah' means 'a cry', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'bechol-eret' means 'throughout the land of', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'asher' means 'that', 'kamohu' means 'like it', 'lo' means 'not', 'nihiyatah' means 'had happened', 've'kamohu' means 'and like it', the second 'lo' means 'not', and 'toseph' means 'shall be again'.
[EXO.11.7] And to all the children of Israel not will a dog bite its tongue from a man and even to a beast for the purpose that you may know that Yahveh will cause to fall between Egypt and Israel. [§]
Ulechol b'nei Yisrael lo yecheretz kelev le'shono me'ish ve'ad-behemah le'ma'an ted'oon asher yafleh Yahveh bein Mitzrayim u'vein Yisrael.
'Ulechol' means 'and to all', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'yecheretz' means 'will bite', 'kelev' means 'a dog', 'le'shono' means 'its tongue', 'me'ish' means 'from a man', 've'ad-behemah' means 'and even to a beast', 'le'ma'an' means 'for the purpose', 'ted'oon' means 'you may know', 'asher' means 'that', 'yafleh' means 'will cause to fall', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH, 'bein' means 'between', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'u'vein' means 'and between', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.11.8] And all your servants will go down to me and worship me, saying, 'Go out, you and all the people who are at your feet, and after that I will go out.' And he went out from Pharaoh's camp, [choose mouth]. [§]
Ve-yardu kol avadeikha eleh elai ve-hishtachavu li le'emor tze attah ve-kol ha'am asher be-ragleikha ve-acharei-ken etze vayetse me'im par'oh bachari af.
'Ve-yardu' means 'and they will go down', 'kol' means 'all', 'avadeikha' means 'your servants', 'eleh' means 'these', 'elai' means 'to me', 've-hishtachavu' means 'and they will bow/worship', 'li' means 'to me', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'tze' means 'go out', 'attah' means 'you', 've-kol' means 'and all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'be-ragleikha' means 'at your feet/under your foot', 've-acharei-ken' means 'and after that', 'etze' means 'I will go out', 'vayetse' means 'and he went out', 'me'im' means 'from the camp/of', 'par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'bachari' is a uncertain form possibly meaning 'choose', 'af' means 'mouth' or could be an idiom. The translation renders each word literally.
[EXO.11.9] And Yahveh said to Moses, Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that Yahveh may increase my signs in the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe lo yishma aleichem Paroh lema'an revot mofetay be eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'lo' means 'not', 'yishma' means 'will listen/hear', 'aleichem' means 'to you (plural)', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'lema'an' means 'for the purpose of', 'revot' means 'increase', 'mofetay' means 'my signs', 'be eretz' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.11.10] Moses and Aaron made all these plagues before Pharaoh, and Yahveh strengthened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not send the children of Israel from his land. [§]
uMoses veAharon asu et kol hamoftim haeleh lifnei Pharaoh vayachazek Yahveh et lev Pharaoh velo shalach et bnei Yisrael meartzo.
'uMoses' means 'and Moses', 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron', 'asu' means 'they did' or 'they made', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'kol' means 'all', 'hamoftim' means 'the plagues', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Pharaoh' means 'the Egyptian king', 'vayachazek' means 'and he strengthened' or 'hardened', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'et lev' means 'the heart', 'Pharaoh' again the king, 'velo' means 'and not', 'shalach' means 'send', 'et bnei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'meartzo' means 'from his land'.
EXO.12
[EXO.12.1] And Yahveh said to Moses and to Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying: [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el Moshe ve el Aharon be eretz Mitzrayim leemor.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 've' means 'and', 'el' again means 'to', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'be eretz' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'leemor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[EXO.12.2] This month for you is the beginning of months, the first one for you of the months of the year. [§]
Ha chodesh ha zeh lachem rosh chodashim rishon hu lachem lechadshei ha shanah.
'Ha chodesh' means 'the month', 'ha zeh' means 'this', 'lachem' means 'for you (plural)', 'rosh' means 'head' or 'beginning', 'chodashim' means 'months', 'rishon' means 'first', 'hu' means 'it is', the second 'lachem' again means 'for you', 'lechadshei' means 'to the months of', and 'ha shanah' means 'the year'.
[EXO.12.3] Speak to all the assembly of Israel, saying, 'In the tenth month of this (year), each man shall take for his household a lamb, a lamb for the house.' [§]
Dabbru el kol adat Yisrael le'emor be'asar la-chodesh hazeh ve-yikchu lahem ish seh le'veit avot seh la-bayit.
'Dabbru' means 'Speak'; 'el' means 'to'; 'kol' means 'all'; 'adat' means 'assembly' or 'congregation'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'le'emor' means 'to say' or 'saying'; 'be'asar' means 'in the tenth'; 'la-chodesh' means 'month'; 'hazeh' means 'this'; 've-yikchu' means 'and they shall take'; 'lahem' means 'for them' or 'for themselves'; 'ish' means 'man' or 'each man'; 'seh' means 'a lamb'; 'le'veit' means 'to the house' or 'for the household'; 'avot' means 'fathers' (used here as a genitive indicating 'of the house' or 'family'); the second 'seh' repeats 'a lamb' and 'la-bayit' again means 'for the house'.
[EXO.12.4] And if the house is reduced from being a lamb, and he took it, and his neighbor who draws near his house in the covering of a man's soul, a man according to his eating, they will cover the lamb. [§]
ve'im yim'at ha-bayit mi-hayot miseh ve-lakach hu u-shke'no ha-karov el-beto be-miksat nefoshot ish le-fi aklo takhosu al-ha-seh.
've'im' means 'and if', 'yim'at' means 'is diminished' or 'is reduced', 'ha-bayit' means 'the house', 'mi-hayot' means 'from being', 'miseh' means 'a lamb', 've-lakach' means 'and he took', 'hu' means 'he', 'u-shke'no' means 'and his neighbor', 'ha-karov' means 'the one who comes near', 'el-beto' means 'to his house', 'be-miksat' means 'in the covering', 'nefoshot' means 'of souls' (referring to a person's life), 'ish' means 'a man', 'le-fi' means 'according to', 'aklo' means 'his eating', 'takhosu' means 'they will cover', 'al' means 'over', 'ha-seh' means 'the lamb'.
[EXO.12.5] A flawless male lamb, one year old, shall be yours; you shall take it from the lambs and from the goats. [§]
seh tamim zakhar ben-shanah yihyeh lakhem min hakvasim umin ha-azim tikachu.
'seh' means 'lamb', 'tamim' means 'perfect' or 'whole', 'zakhar' means 'male', 'ben-shanah' means 'one year old', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'lakhem' means 'for you', 'min' means 'from', 'hakvasim' means 'the lambs', 'umin' means 'and from', 'ha-azim' means 'the goats', 'tikachu' means 'you shall take'.
[EXO.12.6] And it shall be for you as a memorial until the fourteenth day of this month and all the congregation of Israel shall slaughter it between the evenings. [§]
vehayah lachem lemishemeret ad arbaah asar yom lachodesh hazeh vesachatu oto kol kehal adat Yisrael bein haarbein.
vehayah means 'and it shall be', lachem means 'for you', lemishemeret means 'as a memorial', ad means 'until', arbaah means 'four', asar means 'ten' (together ‘fourteen’), yom means 'day', lachodesh means 'of the month', hazeh means 'this', vesachatu means 'and they shall slaughter', oto means 'it', kol means 'all', kehal means 'congregation', adat means 'assembly of', Yisrael means 'Israel', bein means 'between', haarbein means 'the evenings'.
[EXO.12.7] And they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel over the houses where they will eat it in them. [§]
ve-lakchu min-hadam ve-natnu al shtei ha-mezuzot ve-al ha-mashkof al ha-batim asher yokhelu oto bahem.
've' means 'and', 'lakchu' means 'they shall take', 'min' means 'from', 'hadam' means 'the blood', 've' again 'and', 'natnu' means 'they shall put', 'al' means 'on', 'shtei' means 'two', 'ha-mezuzot' means 'the doorposts', 've-al' means 'and on', 'ha-mashkof' means 'the lintel', 'al' again 'over', 'ha-batim' means 'the houses', 'asher' means 'that/where', 'yokhelu' means 'they will eat', 'oto' means 'it', 'bahem' means 'in them'.
[EXO.12.8] And they will eat the meat in this night, fire skewers and pieces on bitter herbs they will eat it. [§]
veachlu et habasar balayla hazeh tseli esh u matzot al merorim yoklehu
'veachlu' means 'and they will eat', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no translation), 'habasar' means 'the meat', 'ba' means 'in the', 'layla' means 'night', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'tseliy' means 'fire skewers', 'esh' means 'fire', 'u' means 'and', 'matzot' means 'pieces', 'al' means 'on', 'merorim' means 'bitter herbs', 'yoklehu' means 'they will eat it'.
[EXO.12.9] Do not eat from it, please, and cook the boiled thing in water, for if a fire ember is on its head, on its hips, and on its belly. [§]
Al-to'khelu mimmeno na uvashel mevushal bamayyim ki im tzeliy esh rosho al kera'av ve'al kirvo.
'Al' means 'do not', 'to'khelu' means 'you will eat', 'mimmeno' means 'from it', 'na' is a polite particle 'please', 'uvashel' means 'and cook', 'mevushal' means 'boiled', 'bamayyim' means 'in the water', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'tzeliy' means 'ember', 'esh' means 'fire', 'rosho' means 'its head', 'al' means 'on', 'kera'av' means 'its hips', 've'al' means 'and on', 'kirvo' means 'its belly'.
[EXO.12.10] And you shall not leave any of them until morning, and the remaining of them until morning shall be burned with fire. [§]
Ve lo totiru mimenu ad bokher ve hanotar mimenu ad bokher baesh tishrepu.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'totiru' means 'you will leave', 'mimenu' means 'of them', 'ad' means 'until', 'bokher' means 'morning', 've' means 'and', 'hanotar' means 'the remaining', 'mimenu' again means 'of them', 'ad bokher' means 'until morning', 'baesh' means 'with fire', 'tishrepu' means 'you will burn'.
[EXO.12.11] And thus you shall eat it, your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand, and you shall eat it in haste; it is Passover to Yahveh. [§]
vekhakha tokhlu oto matneichem chagurim na'aleichem beragleichem u-makkelchem beyedchem va'achaltetem oto bechipazon pesach hu layahveh
'vekhakha' means 'and thus', 'tokhlu' means 'you will eat', 'oto' means 'it', 'matneichem' means 'your loins', 'chagurim' means 'girded', 'na'aleichem' means 'your sandals', 'beragleichem' means 'on your feet', 'u-makkelchem' means 'and your staff', 'beyedchem' means 'in your hand', 'va'achaltetem' means 'and you shall eat', 'bechipazon' means 'in haste', 'pesach' means 'Passover', 'hu' means 'it is', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God).
[EXO.12.12] And I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and I will strike every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from man to beast, and concerning all the gods of Egypt I will bring judgments; I am Yahveh. [§]
ve'avarti be'eretz-mitzrayim ba-layla hazeh ve'hikkeiti kol-bekhor be'eretz mitzrayim me'adam ve'ad-behemah u'vechol elohai mitzrayim e'aseh s'phatim ani Yahveh.
've'avarti' means 'and I will pass'; 'be'eretz-mitzrayim' means 'in the land of Egypt'; 'ba-layla' means 'by night' or 'this night'; 'hazeh' means 'this'; 've'hikkeiti' means 'and I will strike'; 'kol-bekhor' means 'every firstborn'; 'me'adam' means 'from man'; 've'ad-behemah' means 'and to beast'; 'u'vechol' means 'and all'; 'elohai mitzrayim' means 'the gods of Egypt'; 'e'aseh' means 'I will bring'; 's'phatim' means 'judgments'; 'ani' means 'I'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[EXO.12.13] And the blood shall be for you as a sign on the houses that you are in, and I will see the blood and I will pass over you, and there shall not be a plague upon you to destroy when I strike in the land of Egypt. [§]
vehayah hadam lakhem leot al habatim asher atem sham veraiti et-hadam ufasachti alekhem velo yihyeh bakhem negef lemaskhit behakoti beeretz Mitzrayim
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'hadam' means 'the blood', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'leot' means 'as a sign', 'al' means 'on', 'habatim' means 'the houses', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'sham' means 'there', 'veraiti' means 'and I saw', 'et-hadam' means 'the blood' (object marker), 'ufasachti' means 'I shall pass over', 'alekhem' means 'over you', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'bakhem' means 'upon you', 'negef' means 'a plague', 'lemaskhit' means 'to destroy', 'behakoti' means 'when I strike', 'beeretz' means 'in the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.12.14] And this day shall be for you a memorial and you shall celebrate it as a feast to Yahveh for your generations, a perpetual statute you shall keep. [§]
Ve-hayah ha-yom ha-zeh la-chem le-zi-cheron ve-chagoteem oto chag la-Yahveh le-doroteicham chukkat olam techaggu-o.
'Ve-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ha-yom' means 'the day', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 'la-chem' means 'for you (plural)', 'le-zi-cheron' means 'as a memorial', 've-chagoteem' means 'and you shall celebrate', 'oto' means 'it', 'chag' means 'festival or feast', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'le-doroteicham' means 'for your generations', 'chukkat' means 'statute or ordinance', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'techaggu-o' means 'you shall keep it'.
[EXO.12.15] Seven days you shall eat matzot only on the first day; you shall remove the leaven from your houses, because anyone who eats leaven shall be cut off from Israel from the first day until the seventh day. [§]
shivat yamim matzot tochlu ach ba-yom ha-rishon tashbitu seor mi-batteichem ki kol-ochel chamez ve-nichreta ha-nefesh ha-hi mi-Yisrael mi-yom ha-rishon ad-yom ha-shevi'i.
'shivat' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'matzot' means 'unleavened breads', 'tochlu' means 'you will eat', 'ach' means 'only', 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-rishon' means 'the first', 'tashbitu' means 'you shall extinguish', 'seor' means 'the leaven', 'mi-batteichem' means 'from your houses', 'ki' means 'because', 'kol-ochel' means 'any eater', 'chamez' means 'leaven', 've-nichreta' means 'will be cut off', 'ha-nefesh' means 'the soul', 'ha-hi' means 'that', 'mi-Yisrael' means 'from Israel', 'mi-yom' means 'from the day', 'ha-rishon' means 'the first', 'ad-yom' means 'until the day', 'ha-shevi'i' means 'the seventh'.
[EXO.12.16] And on the first day there shall be a holy convocation, and on the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation for you; no work shall be done among them except that which is eaten for every soul; he alone shall make it for you. [§]
Uva'yom harishon mikra-kodesh uva'yom hashevi'i mikra-kodesh yihyeh lachem kol-melacha lo ye'aseh bahem ach she'ye'achel lekhol-nefes hu levado ye'aseh lachem.
'Uva'yom' means 'and on the day', 'harishon' means 'the first', 'mikra-kodesh' means 'holy convocation', 'uva'yom' again means 'and on the day', 'hashevi'i' means 'the seventh', 'mikra-kodesh' again 'holy convocation', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'kol-melacha' means 'any work', 'lo' means 'not', 'ye'aseh' means 'shall be done', 'bahem' means 'among them', 'ach' means 'except', 'she'ye'achel' means 'that which is eaten', 'lekhol-nefes' means 'for every soul', 'hu' means 'he', 'levado' means 'alone', 'ye'aseh' means 'shall make', 'lachem' means 'for you'.
[EXO.12.17] You shall keep the Passover, for on this very day I brought out your armies from the land of Egypt; you shall keep this day for your generations as an eternal statute. [§]
Ushmartem et-hamatzot ki be'etzem hayom hazeh hotzeiti et-tziv'oteichem me'eretz Mitzrayim ushmartem et-hayom hazeh le'doroteichem chukat olam.
'Ushmartem' means 'you shall keep', 'et' is the direct‑object marker 'the', 'hamatzot' means 'the Passover', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'be'etzem' means 'in the very', 'hayom' means 'day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'hotzeiti' means 'I brought out', 'tziv'oteichem' means 'your armies', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'le'doroteichem' means 'to your generations', 'chukat' means 'statute' or 'law', 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'eternal'.
[EXO.12.18] First, on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening you shall eat matzot until the first day, and on the twentieth of the month in the evening. [§]
Barishon be'arba'ah asar yom lachodesh ba'erev tochlu matzot ad yom ha'echad ve'esrim lachodesh ba'erev.
'Barishon' means 'first', 'be'arba'ah' means 'on the fourteenth', 'asar' means 'ten' (together forming fourteen), 'yom' means 'day', 'lachodesh' means 'of the month', 'ba'erev' means 'in the evening', 'tochlu' means 'you shall eat', 'matzot' means 'unleavened breads', 'ad' means 'until', 'yom ha'echad' means 'the first day', 've'esrim' means 'and the twentieth', 'lachodesh' means 'of the month', 'ba'erev' means 'in the evening'.
[EXO.12.19] Seven days the seor will not be found in your houses, because every eater of machmetzet and the soul that is cut off from the congregation of Israel, the sojourner and the foreigners of the land. [§]
shivat yamim seor lo yimmatse bevateikhem ki kol ochel machmetzet venikreh hanefesh hahiu me'adat Yisrael ba-ger uve-ezrach ha-aretz.
'shivat' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'seor' is a noun meaning a sick or leprous person, 'lo' means 'not', 'yimmatse' means 'will be found', 'bevateikhem' means 'in your houses', 'ki' means 'because', 'kol' means 'every', 'ochel' means 'eater', 'machmetzet' refers to something that is chewed or gnawed, 'venikreh' means 'and it is cut off', 'hanefesh' means 'the soul', 'hahiu' means 'that', 'me'adat' means 'of the congregation', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ba-ger' means 'the sojourner', 'uve-ezrach' means 'and among the foreigners', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land'.
[EXO.12.20] All leavened bread you shall not eat; in all your settlements you shall eat unleavened bread. [§]
Kol machmetzet lo toechelu bechol moshvoteychem toechelu matsot.
'Kol' means 'all', 'machmetzet' means 'leavened bread' (or 'leavened thing'), 'lo' means 'not', 'toechelu' means 'you (plural) shall eat', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'moshavoteychem' means 'your settlements' (literally 'your dwellings'), 'toechelu' again means 'you shall eat', 'matsot' means 'unleavened bread'.
[EXO.12.21] And Moses called to all the elders of Israel and said to them, Take a lamb for your families and slaughter the Passover. [§]
Vayikra Moshe lekol zeknei Yisrael vayomer alehem mishku u kchu lakhem tzon lemisphachoteichem ve shachatu ha pesach.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lekol' means 'to all', 'zeknei' means 'elders', 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'mishku' means 'take', 'u kchu' means 'and take', 'lakhem' means 'for you', 'tzon' means 'a lamb', 'lemisphachoteichem' means 'for your families', 've shachatu' means 'and slaughter', 'ha pesach' means 'the Passover'.
[EXO.12.22] You shall take a bundle of olives and dip it in the blood that is in the copper, and you shall touch the basin and its two handles with the blood that is in the copper, and you shall not let anyone go out from the opening of his house until morning. [§]
Ulekhatem agudat ezov u'tvaltem ba-dam asher basaf ve'higatem el-hamashkov ve'el shtei ha-mezutot min ha-dam asher basaf ve'atem lo tetzeu ish mi-petach-beitoh ad boker.
'U' means 'and', 'lekhatem' means 'you shall take', 'agudat' means 'a bundle', 'ezov' means 'of olives', 'u'tvaltem' means 'and you shall dip', 'ba-dam' means 'in blood', 'asher' means 'that', 'basaf' means 'in the copper', 've'higatem' means 'and you shall touch', 'el' means 'to', 'hamashkov' means 'the basin', 've'el' means 'and to', 'shtei' means 'the two', 'ha-mezutot' means 'the handles', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-dam' means 'the blood', 'asher' again means 'that', 'basaf' again means 'in the copper', 've'atem' means 'and you', 'lo' means 'shall not', 'tetzeu' means 'go out', 'ish' means 'anyone', 'mi-petach-beitoh' means 'from the opening of his house', 'ad' means 'until', 'boker' means 'morning'.
[EXO.12.23] And Yahveh passed to strike Egypt, and saw the blood on the lintel and on the two doors, and Yahveh passed over the doorway and did not give the destroyer to come into your houses to strike. [§]
ve-avar Yahveh lin-gof et-Mitzrayim ve-ra'ah et-had dam al-hamashkof ve-al shtei hamazuzot u-fasach Yahveh al-hapetach ve-lo yiten hamashchit lavo el-batteichem lin-gof.
've-avar' means 'and passed', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'lin-gof' means 'to strike', 'et-Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've-ra'ah' means 'and saw', 'et-had dam' means 'the blood', 'al-hamashkof' means 'upon the lintel', 've-al' means 'and upon', 'shtei' means 'two', 'hamazuzot' means 'the doors', 'u-fasach' means 'and passed over', 'al-hapetach' means 'the doorway', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'hamashchit' means 'the destroyer', 'lavo' means 'to come', 'el-batteichem' means 'to your houses', 'lin-gof' means 'to strike'.
[EXO.12.24] And you shall keep this word as a statute for you and for your children forever. [§]
Ushmartem et-hadavar hazeh lechok lecha ulevanecha ad olam.
'Ushmartem' means 'and you shall keep', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hadavar' means 'the word' or 'the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'lechok' means 'as a statute', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'ulevanecha' means 'and for your children', 'ad' means 'until' or 'forever', 'olam' means 'everlasting'.
[EXO.12.25] And it shall be when you come to the land that Yahveh will give you as He spoke, and you shall keep this service. [§]
vehayah ki tavo el haaretz asher yitten Yahveh lachem ka'asher diber veshamartem et ha'avodah hazot
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ki' means 'when' or 'that', 'tavo' means 'you will come' (plural you), 'el' means 'to' (a preposition), 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'yitten' means 'will give', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'lachem' means 'to you' (plural), 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'diber' means 'He spoke' (referring to God), 'veshamartem' means 'and you shall keep', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'ha'avodah' means 'the service' or 'the work' (referring to the covenant service), 'hazot' means 'this'.
[EXO.12.26] And it shall be when they say to you, 'Your children, what is this work for you?' [§]
ve-hayah ki-yomru aleychem beneychem mah ha-avodah hazot lachem.
've' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'it shall be', 'ki' means 'when' or 'because', 'yomru' means 'they will say', 'aleychem' means 'to you (plural)', 'beneychem' means 'your sons' or 'your children', 'mah' means 'what', 'ha-avodah' means 'the service' or 'the work', 'hazot' means 'this', 'lachem' means 'for you' or 'to you (plural)'.
[EXO.12.27] And you shall say, The Passover sacrifice is Yahveh's, that passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when He smote Egypt and saved our houses, and He struck the people and they bowed down. [§]
vaamartem zevach pesach hu laYahveh asher pasach al batei bnei Yisrael bMitzrayim benagpo et Mitzrayim veet bateinu hitzil vayikkod haam vayishtachavu.
'vaamartem' means 'and you will say', 'zevach' means 'sacrifice', 'pesach' means 'Passover', 'hu' means 'it is', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHVH translated as Yahveh), 'asher' means 'that', 'pasach' means 'passed over', 'al' means 'over' or 'against', 'batei' means 'the houses of', 'bnei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'bMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'benagpo' means 'when He smote', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'veet' means 'and the', 'bateinu' means 'our houses', 'hitzil' means 'saved', 'vayikkod' means 'and He struck', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayishtachavu' means 'they bowed down'.
[EXO.12.28] And they went and they did, the children of Israel as Yahveh commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. [§]
Vayelechu vayya'asu b'nei Yisrael ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et-Moshe ve-Aharon ken asu.
'Vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'vayya'asu' means 'and they did', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-Moshe' means 'Moses', 've-Aharon' means 'and Aaron', 'ken' means 'so', 'asu' means 'they did'.
[EXO.12.29] And it happened at midnight, and Yahveh struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne, even the firstborn of the captive who was in the house of the prison, and all the firstborn of the cattle. [§]
Vayehi bachatsi ha-layla, vayahveh hikkah kol bechor be'eretz Mitzrayim, mibechor Par'oh hayoshev al kiseh, ad bechor hashvi asher be'veit ha-bor, vechol bechor behemah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'bachatsi' means 'at midnight', 'ha-layla' means 'the night', 'vayahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'hikkah' means 'struck' or 'smote', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'bechor' means 'firstborn', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'mibechor' means 'from the firstborn of', 'Par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'hayoshev' means 'who sits', 'al' means 'on', 'kiseh' means 'his throne', 'ad' means 'until', 'hashvi' means 'the captive' or 'the prisoner', 'asher' means 'who', 'be'veit' means 'in the house of', 'ha-bor' means 'the prison', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'bechor' again 'firstborn', 'behemah' means 'of the cattle'.
[EXO.12.30] And Pharaoh rose up at night, he and all his servants and all Egypt, and there was a great outcry in Egypt because there was no house where there was not death. [§]
vayakam Pharaoh layla hu vechol-avadav vechol-Mitzrayim vatehi tze'aka gedolah b'Mitzrayim ki ein bayit asher ein-sham met.
'vayakam' means 'and he rose up', 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'layla' means 'at night', 'hu' means 'he', 'vechol-avadav' means 'and all his servants', 'vechol-Mitzrayim' means 'and all Egypt', 'vatehi' means 'and there was', 'tze'aka' means 'a cry' or 'outcry', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'b'Mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'ki' means 'because', 'ein' means 'there was not', 'bayit' means 'a house', 'asher' means 'that', 'ein-sham' means 'there was not there', 'met' means 'death'.
[EXO.12.31] And he called to Moses and to Aaron at night and said, "Arise, go out from among my people, both you and the sons of Israel, and go, serve Yahveh as you have spoken." [§]
Vayikra le-Mosheh u-le-Aharon laylah vayomer qumu tzeu mitoch ami gam-atem gam-b'nei Yisrael u-lechu ivdu et-Yahveh kedabberchem.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'le-Mosheh' means 'to Moses', 'u-le-Aharon' means 'and to Aaron', 'laylah' means 'by night', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'qumu' means 'arise', 'tzeu' means 'go out', 'mitoch' means 'from among', 'ami' means 'my people', 'gam-atem' means 'both you', 'gam-b'nei' means 'also the sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'u-lechu' means 'and go', 'ivdu' means 'serve', 'et-Yahveh' means 'Yahveh' (the personal name of God), 'kedabberchem' means 'as you have spoken'.
[EXO.12.32] Also your sheep, also your flock, take as you have spoken and go, and you have also blessed me. [§]
Gam-tzoanchem gam-beqarchem kechu ka'asher dibartem vehalchu u'verakh'tem gam-oti.
'Gam' means 'also', 'tzoanchem' means 'your sheep', 'gam' again means 'also', 'beqarchem' means 'your flock', 'kechu' means 'take', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'dibartem' means 'you have spoken', 'vehalchu' means 'and go', 'u'verakh'tem' means 'and you have blessed', 'gam' means 'also', 'oti' means 'me'.
[EXO.12.33] And the Egyptians grew harsh upon the people to hasten to send them out of the land, because they said, 'All of us are dead.' [§]
vatechezak mitsrayim al haam lemaher leshal\'khem min haaretz ki amru kulanu metim.
'vatechezak' means 'and (she) grew strong', 'mitsrayim' means 'Egypt' (the Egyptians), 'al' means 'upon', 'haam' means 'the people', 'lemaher' means 'to hasten', 'leshal\'khem' means 'to send them', 'min' means 'from', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'ki' means 'because', 'amru' means 'they said', 'kulanu' means 'all of us', 'metim' means 'dead'.
[EXO.12.34] And the people lifted their sack before they crush their remains, waste in their garments upon their heads. [§]
Vayissa ha'am et-betzeko terem yechmats mish'arotam tzerurot be-simlotam al-shekhmam.
'Vayissa' means 'and lifted', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'betzeko' means 'their sack', 'terem' means 'before', 'yechmats' means 'they crush', 'mish'arotam' means 'their remains', 'tzerurot' means 'waste' or 'ruined things', 'be-simlotam' means 'in their garments', 'al-shekhmam' means 'upon their heads'.
[EXO.12.35] And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses, and they asked from Egypt vessels of silver and vessels of gold and garments. [§]
uvnei Yisrael asu kidvar Moshe vayishalu mimitsrayim klei kesef uklei zahav usmalot.
'uvnei' means 'and the children/of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asu' means 'did', 'kidvar' means 'according to the word', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayishalu' means 'and they asked', 'mimitsrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'klei' means 'vessels', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'uklei' means 'and vessels', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'usmalot' means 'and garments'.
[EXO.12.36] And Yahveh gave the favor of the people in the sight of Egypt, and they asked him, and they delivered Egypt. [§]
veYahveh natan et-chen haam be'einei Mitzrayim vayashalu'um vayenatzlu et-Mitzrayim.
'veYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', the name YHVH rendered literally as Yahveh. 'natan' means 'gave'. 'et-chen' means 'the favor' (chen = favor, grace). 'haam' means 'the people'. 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of' (be = in, ein = eyes). 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'. 'vayashalu'' means 'and they asked (him)'. The suffix '-um' indicates the object (him). 'vayenatzlu' means 'and they delivered' (from the verb natsal = to rescue, deliver). 'et-Mitzrayim' means 'the Egypt' i.e., Egypt as the object of delivery.
[EXO.12.37] And the children of Israel journeyed from Ramesses to Sukkoth, a force of six hundred thousand foot‑soldiers, the men alone from the host. [§]
Vayisu Bnei Yisrael meRaamses Sukotah keshesh-meot elef ragli hagvarim levad mitaf.
'Vayisu' means 'and they journeyed', 'Bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'meRaamses' means 'from Ramesses', 'Sukotah' means 'Sukkoth' (a place), 'keshesh-meot' means 'as six hundred', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'ragli' means 'foot' (or 'feet'), 'hagvarim' means 'the men', 'levad' means 'alone', 'mitaf' means 'from the flock/host'.
[EXO.12.38] Also great evening went up with them, and flocks and cattle, a very heavy herd. [§]
vegam erev rav alah itam ve-tson u-bakar mikneh kaved meod.
'vegam' means 'also', 'erev' means 'evening', 'rav' means 'great', 'alah' means 'went up' or 'rose', 'itam' means 'with them', 've-tson' means 'and flocks', 'u-bakar' means 'and cattle', 'mikneh' means 'herd', 'kaved' means 'heavy', 'meod' means 'very'.
[EXO.12.39] And they made the mixing bowl which they brought out from Egypt, unleavened cakes because they were not leavened, because they were cast out from Egypt and could not become stale, and also they made no offering for them. [§]
Vayyoofu et-habatzek asher hotzi'u mimitzrayim ugot matzot ki lo chameitz ki gorshu mimitzrayim velo yachlu lehitmahemeh vegam-tzedah lo-asu lahem.
'Vayyoofu' means 'and they made', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'habatzek' means 'the mixing bowl' or 'the baking-plate', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hotzi'u' means 'they brought out', 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'ugot' means 'and cakes', 'matzot' means 'unleavened', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'chameitz' means 'leavened', 'ki' again 'because', 'gorshu' means 'they cast out', 'mimitzrayim' again 'from Egypt', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yachlu' means 'they could', 'lehitmahemeh' means 'to become stale/old', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'tzedah' means 'offering', 'lo-asu' means 'did not make', 'lahem' means 'for them'.
[EXO.12.40] And the sojourn of the children of Israel who dwelt in Egypt thirty years and four hundred years. [§]
Umoshav b'nei Yisrael asher yashvu beMitzrayim shloshim shana ve'arba meot shana.
'Umoshav' means 'and sojourn' or 'dwelling place', 'b'nei' means 'of the children', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'yashvu' means 'they dwelt', 'beMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'shana' means 'years', 've'arba' means 'and four', 'meot' means 'hundred', the second 'shana' again means 'years'.
[EXO.12.41] And it was at the end of thirty years and four hundred years, and it was on that very day that all the hosts of Yahveh went out from the land of Egypt. [§]
Vay'hi miketz shloshim shanah ve'arba me'ot shanah vay'hi be'etzem ha-yom ha-ze yatzeu kol-tziv'ot Yahveh me'eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vay'hi' means 'and it was', 'miketz' means 'at the end', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'shanah' means 'years', 've'arba' means 'and four', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'shanah' again means 'years', 'vay'hi' again means 'and it was', 'be'etzem' means 'in the very', 'ha-yom' means 'day', 'ha-ze' means 'this', 'yatzeu' means 'they went out', 'kol' means 'all', 'tziv'ot' means 'hosts' or 'armies', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.12.42] The night of watchings is Yahveh's, to bring them out from the land of Egypt; this is the night of Yahveh, keepers for all the children of Israel for their generations. [§]
Leil shimurim hu laYahveh lehotziam meeretz Mitzrayim hu halaila zeh laYahveh shimurim lechol bne Yisrael ledorotam.
'Leil' means 'night', 'shimurim' means 'watchings' or 'guards', 'hu' means 'it is', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (Yahveh being the literal translation of YHVH), 'lehotziam' means 'to bring out them', 'meeretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', the second 'hu' again means 'it is', 'halaila' means 'the night', 'zeh' means 'this', the second 'laYahveh' likewise means 'to Yahveh', the second 'shimurim' means 'watchings/keepers', 'lechol' means 'for all', 'bne' means 'sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', and 'ledorotam' means 'for their generations'.
[EXO.12.43] And Yahveh said to Moses and Aaron, This is the statute of the Passover: any foreigner shall not eat it. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe vAaron, Zot chukat haPassach, kol ben nechar lo yochel bo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'v' is the conjunction 'and', 'Aaron' is the name Aaron, 'Zot' means 'this', 'chukat' means 'statute' or 'law', 'haPassach' means 'of the Passover', 'kol' means 'all' or 'any', 'ben nechar' means 'foreign-born person' (literally 'son of a foreigner'), 'lo' means 'not', 'yochel' means 'shall eat', 'bo' means 'it' (referring to the Passover lamb).
[EXO.12.44] And every male servant bought with silver, and a share given to him, then he will eat of it. [§]
vechol eved ish miqnat kesef u-malta oto az yochal bo.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'eved' means 'servant', 'ish' means 'man' or 'male', 'miqnat' means 'purchase' or 'bought', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'u-malta' means 'and a share' or 'portion', 'oto' means 'to him', 'az' means 'then', 'yochal' means 'he will eat', 'bo' means 'of it' or 'in it'.
[EXO.12.45] A resident and a hired servant shall not eat of it. [§]
Toshav ve-shakir lo yochal bo.
'Toshav' means 'resident', 've' means 'and', 'shakir' means 'hired servant', 'lo' means 'not', 'yochal' means 'will eat', 'bo' means 'of it'.
[EXO.12.46] In one house it may be eaten; you shall not take any flesh out of the house to the outside, and you shall not break a bone in it. [§]
Bevayit echad ye'achel lo-totzia min-habayit min-habasar chutza ve'etzem lo tishberu bo.
'Bevayit' means 'in a house', 'echad' means 'one', 'ye'achel' means 'will be eaten', 'lo-totzia' means 'not go out', 'min-habayit' means 'from the house', 'min-habasar' means 'from the flesh', 'chutsa' means 'outside', 've'etzem' means 'and bone', 'lo' means 'not', 'tishberu' means 'you will break', 'bo' means 'in it' or 'with it'.
[EXO.12.47] All the congregation of Israel will do it. [§]
Kol adat Yisrael yaasu oto.
'Kol' means 'all', 'adat' means 'congregation' or 'assembly', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'yaasu' means 'will do' (future third person plural), 'oto' means 'it' (direct object).
[EXO.12.48] And if a sojourner dwells with you and makes a Passover to Yahveh, his offering with every male, and then he shall draw near to perform it, and it shall be like the sunrise over the earth, and no eunuch shall eat of it. [§]
Vekhi-yagur itcha ger ve'asa pesach laYahveh himol lo kol-zachar ve'az yikra la'asoto vehayah ke'ezrach ha'aretz ve'chol a'rel lo yochal bo.
'Vekhi' means 'and if', 'yagur' means 'dwells' (future), 'itcha' means 'with you', 'ger' means 'a foreigner' or 'sojourner', 've'asa' means 'and shall make', 'pesach' means 'Passover', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'himol' means 'the offering' (from the verb to offer), 'lo' means 'for him' or 'his', 'kol-zachar' means 'every male', 've'az' means 'and then', 'yikra' means 'shall draw near' or 'come near', 'la'asoto' means 'to make it' (the offering), 'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ke'ezrach' means 'like the sunrise' (literally 'as the east'), 'ha'aretz' means 'the earth', 've'chol' means 'and every', 'a'rel' means 'eunuch', 'lo' means 'not', 'yochal' means 'shall eat', 'bo' means 'of it'.
[EXO.12.49] One law shall be for the east and for the stranger who dwells among you. [§]
Torah achat yihyeh la'ezrach ve-lager ha-gar betokhchem.
'Torah' means 'law', 'achat' means 'one', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be' or 'will be', 'la'ezrach' means 'to the east' (literally 'for the east'), 've' means 'and', 'lagar' means 'to the stranger/foreigner', 'ha-gar' means 'the dweller', 'betokhchem' means 'among you' (literally 'in your midst').
[EXO.12.50] All the children of Israel did as Yahveh commanded Moses and Aaron; so they did. [§]
vayasu kol b'nei Yisrael ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et Moshe ve'et Aharon ken asu.
'vayasu' means 'and they did', 'kol' means 'all', 'b'nei' means 'the children (of)', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'et' is the accusative particle (no English equivalent), 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 've'et' means 'and (the) ...', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'ken' means 'thus', 'asu' means 'they did'.
[EXO.12.51] And it came to pass on this very day Yahveh brought out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt against their armies. [§]
Vayehi be'etzem hayyom hazzeh hotzi Yahveh et-bnei Yisrael me'eretz Mi-tzrayim al-tziv'otam.
'Vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'be'etzem' means 'in the exact', 'hayyom' means 'the day', 'hazzeh' means 'this', 'hotzi' means 'brought out', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-bnei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mi-tzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'al-tziv'otam' means 'against their armies'.
EXO.13
[EXO.13.1] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying. [§]
Vayedabber Yahveh el-Mosheh le'emor.
'Vayedabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Mosheh' is the proper name Moses, 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[EXO.13.2] Set apart for me all firstborn, the first of the womb, among the children of Israel, and among man and beast; it is mine. [§]
Kadesh li kol bechor petar kol rechem bibnei Yisrael baadam uva-behemah li hu.
'Kadesh' means 'to consecrate or set apart', 'li' means 'to me', 'kol' means 'all', 'bechor' means 'firstborn', 'petar' means 'first of the womb', 'rechem' means 'womb', 'bi' means 'among', 'bnei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'baadam' means 'the man', 'uva-behemah' means 'and the animal', 'hu' means 'he/it'.
[EXO.13.3] And Moses said to the people, Remember this day that you went out of Egypt from the house of slaves, for by the strength of hand Yahveh brought you out from there and you shall not eat leaven. [§]
Vayomer Moshe el haam zachor et hayom hazeh asher yotzatem mi Mitzrayim mi beit avadim ki be chozek yad hotzi Yahveh etkhem mi zeh ve lo yeachel chameitz.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'zachor' means 'remember', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yotzatem' means 'you went out', 'mi' means 'from', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'mi beit avadim' means 'from the house of slaves', 'ki' means 'because', 'be chozek yad' means 'by the strength of hand', 'hotzi' means 'brought out', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'etkhem' means 'you [plural]', 'mi zeh' means 'from there', 've lo' means 'and not', 'yeachel' means 'shall eat', 'chameitz' means 'leaven'.
[EXO.13.4] Today you go out in the month of the spring. [§]
Hayom atem yotzim bechodesh haaviv.
'Hayom' means 'today' or 'the day', 'atem' means 'you' (plural), 'yotzim' means 'go out' (present plural), 'bechodesh' means 'in the month', 'haaviv' means 'the spring' (the season of early barley).
[EXO.13.5] And it shall be when Yahveh brings you to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, which He swore to your ancestors to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, and you shall serve this service in this month. [§]
ve-hayah ki yeviacha Yahveh el eretz haKenaani ve-haChitti ve-haAmori ve-haChivi ve-haYevusi asher nishba al-Avotecha latet lach eretz zavat chalav u-dvash ve-avadta et ha'avodah ha-zot ba-chodesh ha-ze
've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ki' means 'when', 'yevicha' means 'He will bring you', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'eretz' means 'land', 'haKenaani' means 'the Canaanite', 've-haChitti' means 'and the Hittite', 've-haAmori' means 'and the Amorite', 've-haChivi' means 'and the Hivite', 've-haYevusi' means 'and the Jebusite', 'asher' means 'which', 'nishba' means 'He swore', 'al-Avotecha' means 'to your ancestors', 'latet' means 'to give', 'lach' means 'to you', 'eretz' means 'a land', 'zavat' means 'flowing', 'chalav' means 'milk', 'u-dvash' means 'and honey', 've-avadta' means 'and you shall serve', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'avodah' means 'the service', 'ha-zot' means 'this', 'ba-chodesh' means 'in the month', 'ha-ze' means 'this'.
[EXO.13.6] Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day a feast to Yahveh. [§]
shivat yamim tokhal matzot uvayom hashvi'i chag layahveh.
'shivat' means 'seven (in construct)', 'yamim' means 'days', 'tokhal' means 'you shall eat', 'matzot' means 'unleavened breads', 'uvayom' means 'and on the day', 'hashvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'chag' means 'feast' or 'festival', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh'.
[EXO.13.7] Unleavened breads shall be eaten for seven days and you shall not see sour, and you shall not see leaven in all your borders. [§]
Matzot ye'achel et shivat hayamim velo-yerah lecha chameitz velo-yerah lecha se'or bechol gevulcha.
'Matzot' means 'unleavened breads', 'ye'achel' means 'shall be eaten', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no translation), 'shivat' means 'seven', 'hayamim' means 'days', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yerah' means 'shall be seen', 'lecha' means 'to you/for you', 'chameitz' means 'sour' (leaven), 'se'or' means 'leaven', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'gevulcha' means 'your borders'.
[EXO.13.8] And you shall tell your son on that day, saying, "Because Yahveh did this for me when I went out of Egypt." [§]
ve-higadtah le-bincha ba-yom ha-hu le-emor ba-avur zeh asah Yahveh li be-tzeiti mi-Mitzrayim.
've' means 'and', 'higadtah' means 'you shall tell', 'le-bincha' means 'to your son', 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'le-emor' means 'to say', 'ba-avur zeh' means 'because of this', 'asah' means 'did' or 'made', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH (the divine name), 'li' means 'for me' or 'to me', 'be-tzeiti' means 'when I went out', 'mi-Mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt'.
[EXO.13.9] And it shall be for you as a sign upon your hand and for remembrance between your eyes, that you may be the law of Yahveh in your mouth, because by a strong hand Yahveh will bring you out from Egypt. [§]
veyehiyeh lecha leot al yadecha ulezicharon bein einaykha lema'an tihyeh torat Yahveh befikha ki beyad chazakah hotziacha Yahveh mimitsrayim
'veyehiyeh' means 'and it shall be', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'leot' means 'as a sign', 'al' means 'upon', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'ulezicharon' means 'and for remembrance', 'bein' means 'between', 'einaykha' means 'your eyes', 'lema'an' means 'in order that', 'tihyeh' means 'you may be', 'torat Yahveh' means 'the law of Yahveh', 'befikha' means 'in your mouth', 'ki' means 'because', 'beyad' means 'by a hand', 'chazakah' means 'strong', 'hotziacha' means 'He will bring you out', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt'.
[EXO.13.10] And you shall keep this statute for its appointed time from days to days. [§]
ve shamarta et ha chukkah ha zot le mo'adah mi yamim yamimah
've' means 'and', 'shamarta' means 'you shall keep' (second person masculine singular), 'et' is a direct object marker (often untranslated), 'ha' means 'the', 'chukkah' means 'statute' or 'ordinance', 'zot' means 'this', 'le' means 'for' or 'to', 'mo'adah' means 'appointed time' or 'season', 'mi' means 'from', 'yamim' means 'days', 'yamimah' means 'days' (plural, emphatic).
[EXO.13.11] And it shall be when Yahveh brings you to the land of the Canaanite as He swore to you and to your ancestors, and He will give it to you. [§]
vehayah ki-yevi-acha Yahveh el eretz haCanaani ka'asher nishba lecha ve-laavotecha unatanohu lekha.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ki' means 'when' or 'because', 'yevi-acha' means 'will bring you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'eretz' means 'land', 'haCanaani' means 'the Canaanite (land)', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'nishba' means 'He swore', 'lecha' means 'to you', 've' means 'and', 'laavotecha' means 'to your fathers/ancestors', 'unatanohu' means 'and He will give it', 'lekha' means 'to you'.
[EXO.13.12] And you shall bring all the womb's offspring to Yahveh, and all the offspring that is within the beast that shall be yours, the males to Yahveh. [§]
veha'avarta kol-peter-rechem la-Yahveh ve-kol-peter sheger behemah asher yihye lekha ha-zekharim la-Yahveh.
'veha'avarta' means 'and you shall bring', 'kol' means 'all', 'peter-rechem' means 'offspring of the womb', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the translation of YHVH), 've-kol' means 'and all', 'peter' means 'offspring', 'sheger' means 'that is within', 'behemah' means 'the beast/animal', 'asher' means 'that', 'yihye' means 'shall be', 'lekha' means 'to you/your', 'ha-zekharim' means 'the males', and the final 'la-Yahveh' again means 'to Yahveh'.
[EXO.13.13] And every foal of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb; and if you do not redeem it you shall break its neck; and all the firstborn man among your sons you shall redeem. [§]
Ve'chol-peter chamor tifdeh be'se, ve'im lo tifdeh va'arapto, ve'chol bechor adam bevanekha tifdeh.
'Ve'chol' means 'and every', 'peter' means 'offspring' or 'young one', 'chamor' means 'donkey', 'tifdeh' means 'you shall redeem', 'be'se' means 'with a lamb', 've'im' means 'and if', 'lo' means 'not', 'va'arapto' means 'you shall break its neck', 've'chol' means 'and all', 'bechor' means 'firstborn', 'adam' means 'man', 'bevanekha' means 'among your sons', 'tifdeh' again means 'you shall redeem'.
[EXO.13.14] And it shall be that when your son asks you tomorrow, saying, What is this? you shall say to him, With the strength of the hand Yahveh brought us out from Egypt from the house of slaves. [§]
vehayah ki yish'olkha binkha machar le'emor mah zot ve'amarta elav bechozek yad hotzinu Yahveh mimitzrayim mibeyt avadim.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ki' means 'because', 'yish'olkha' means 'your son will ask you', 'binkha' means 'your son', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'mah zot' means 'what is this', 've'amarta' means 'and you shall say', 'elav' means 'to him', 'bechozek' means 'with the strength', 'yad' means 'hand', 'hotzinu' means 'he brought us out', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'mibeyt' means 'from the house', 'avadim' means 'of slaves'.
[EXO.13.15] And it happened because Pharaoh was hardened to let us go, Yahveh killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of man to the firstborn of beast. Therefore I will sacrifice to Yahveh all the firstborn of the male wombs, and I will redeem all the firstborn of my sons. [§]
Vayehi ki-hikshah Pharaoh leshalcheinu vayaharog Yahveh kol-bekhor be'eretz Mitzrayim mibekhor adam ve'ad-bekhor behemah al-ken ani zoveach laYahveh kol-petar rechem hazzkharim vechol-bekhor banai efdeh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ki' means 'because', 'hikshah' means 'hardened' (referring to Pharaoh), 'Pharaoh' is the title of the Egyptian ruler, 'leshalcheinu' means 'to let us go', 'vayaharog' means 'and He killed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'kol-bekhor' means 'all the firstborn', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land of', 'Mitzrayim' is 'Egypt', 'mibekhor' means 'from the firstborn', 'adam' means 'man', 've'ad-bekhor' means 'and up to the firstborn', 'behemah' means 'of beast', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'ani' means 'I', 'zoveach' means 'will sacrifice', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'kol-petar' means 'all the firstborn', 'rechem' means 'of the womb', 'hazzkharim' means 'of the males', 'vechol-bekhor' means 'and all the firstborn', 'banai' means 'of my sons', 'efdeh' means 'I will redeem'.
[EXO.13.16] And it shall be a sign upon your hand and between your eyes, for with the strength of the hand Yahveh brought us out from Egypt. [§]
vehayah leot al-yadkha uletotafot bein einkha ki bechozeq yad hotzianu Yahveh mimitzrayim.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be'; 'leot' means 'as a sign'; 'al-yadkha' means 'upon your hand'; 'uletotafot' means 'and between your eyes'; 'bein' means 'between'; 'einkha' means 'your eyes'; 'ki' means 'for'; 'bechozeq' means 'with strength'; 'yad' means 'hand'; 'hotzianu' means 'brought us out'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH; 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt'.
[EXO.13.17] And it happened when Pharaoh sent the people, and the Gods did not relent a way of the land of the Philistines because he was near, because the Gods said, lest the people be soothed by seeing war, and they would return to Egypt. [§]
Vayhi beshalach Pharaoh et haam v'lo naham Elohim derech eretz Plishtim ki karov hu ki amar Elohim pen yinachem haam bir'otam milchamah veshavu Mitsrayim.
'Vayhi' means 'and it happened', 'beshalach' means 'when (he) sent', 'Pharaoh' is the name of the Egyptian ruler, 'et haam' means 'the people', 'v'lo naham' means 'and (he) did not relent', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'derech' means 'way' or 'road', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Plishtim' means 'Philistines', 'ki' means 'because', 'karov' means 'near', 'hu' means 'he', 'amar' means 'said', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yinachem' means 'be soothed' or 'be comforted', 'bir'otam' means 'by seeing them', 'milchamah' means 'war', 'veshavu' means 'and they will return', 'Mitsrayim' means 'Egypt'. The divine name 'Elohim' is rendered as 'the Gods' according to the given literal translation rule.
[EXO.13.18] And the Gods turned the people the way of the desert, Sea of Suf, and clouds rose the children of Israel from the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayassev Elohim et haam derekh hamidbar yam-suf vachamushim aloo bene Yisrael me'eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayassev' means 'and turned', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the divine name), 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'haam' means 'the people', 'derekh' means 'the way', 'hamidbar' means 'of the desert', 'yam-suf' means 'Sea of Suf', 'vachamushim' means 'and clouds', 'aloo' means 'rose', 'bene Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.13.19] And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, because the one who swore had caused the children of Israel to swear, saying, 'Surely he will rescue you, the Gods will rescue you, and you shall bring my bones up from this with you.' [§]
vayikach Moshe et atzmot Yosef immo ki hashve'a hishvia et b'nei Yisrael leemor pakod yipkod Elohim etchem veha'alitem et atzmotai mizze itchem.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et' is the accusative marker (no direct translation), 'atzmot' means 'bones', 'Yosef' means 'Joseph', 'immo' means 'with him', 'ki' means 'because', 'hashve'a' means 'the one who swore', 'hishvia' means 'he caused to swear', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'pakod' means 'surely' or 'certainly', 'yipkod' means 'he will rescue', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'veha'alitem' means 'and you shall bring up', 'atzmotai' means 'my bones', 'mizze' means 'from this', 'itchem' means 'with you'.
[EXO.13.20] They set out from Sukkot and camped at Etham at the edge of the desert. [§]
Vayis'u misukkot vayyachanu be'etam biqtzeh hamidbar.
'Vayis'u' means 'and they set out', 'misukkot' means 'from Sukkot' (a place name), 'vayyachanu' means 'and they camped', 'be'etam' means 'at Etham' (a place name), 'biqtzeh' means 'at the edge', 'hamidbar' means 'of the desert'.
[EXO.13.21] Yahveh went before them by day in a pillar of cloud to guide them the way, and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light, to go by day and night. [§]
Vay Yahveh holekh lifneihem yomam beamud anan lanchotam haderekh velaila beamud esh lehair lahem lalekhet yomam valaila
'Vay' means 'and', 'Yahveh' is the name YHVH translated as Yahveh, 'holekh' means 'went' or 'walked', 'lifneihem' means 'before them', 'yomam' means 'by day', 'beamud' means 'in a pillar', 'anan' means 'cloud', 'lanchotam' means 'to guide them', 'haderekh' means 'the way', 'velaila' means 'and by night', 'esh' means 'fire', 'lehair' means 'to give light', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'valaila' means 'and night'.
[EXO.13.22] No pillar of the cloud will remain by day, and no pillar of fire by night before the people. [§]
Lo yamish amud ha'anan yomam ve'amud ha'esh layla lifnei ha'am.
'Lo' means 'not' or 'no'. 'Yamish' means 'will remain' or 'will stay'. 'Amud' means 'pillar' or 'column'. 'Ha'anan' means 'the cloud'. 'Yomam' means 'by day' (literally 'daytime'). 'Ve' is the conjunction 'and'. 'Amud' again 'pillar'. 'Ha'esh' means 'the fire'. 'Layla' means 'by night' (literally 'night'). 'Lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of'. 'Ha'am' means 'the people'.
EXO.14
[EXO.14.1] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying: [§]
Vaydaber Yahveh el-Moshe leemor.
'Vaydaber' means 'and (he) spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'leemor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[EXO.14.2] Speak to the sons of Israel and they will return and they will encamp before the mouth of the openings between the tower and the sea; before the Lord of the north, in his presence, encamp upon the sea. [§]
Daber el-b'nei Yisrael veyashuvu veyachanū lifnei pi ha-chirot bein migdal uvein ha-yam lifnei ba'al tzfon nichho tachanu al-hayam.
'Daber' means 'Speak', 'el-b'nei' means 'to the sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'veyashuvu' means 'and they will return', 'veyachanū' means 'and they will encamp', 'lifnei' means 'before/in front of', 'pi' means 'the mouth (of)', 'ha-chirot' means 'the openings/gaps', 'bein' means 'between', 'migdal' means 'the tower', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 'ba'al' means 'Lord' (a name of a deity), 'tzfon' means 'north', 'nichho' means 'in his presence', 'tachanu' means 'you shall encamp', 'al-hayam' means 'upon the sea'.
[EXO.14.3] And Pharaoh said to the children of Israel, 'They are doomed, they are in the land, the wilderness has closed upon them.' [§]
ve'amar Par'oh livnei Yisra'el nevukhim hem ba'aretz sagar aleihem hamidbar.
've'amar' means 'and said', 'Par'oh' is the name 'Pharaoh', 'livnei' means 'to the children of', 'Yisra'el' is the name 'Israel', 'nevukhim' means 'they are in danger' or 'they are doomed', 'hem' means 'they', 'ba'aretz' means 'in the land', 'sagar' means 'closed', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'hamidbar' means 'the wilderness'.
[EXO.14.4] And I will strengthen the heart of Pharaoh, and I will pursue after them, and I will be honoured in Pharaoh and in all his host, and the Egyptians will know that I Yahveh, and they did so. [§]
vechizakti et lev pharo ve radap acharayhem ve ichavda bepharo uve chol cheilo ve yadeu mitzrayim ki ani Yahveh ve yaasu ken.
'vechizakti' means 'and I will strengthen', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'lev' means 'heart', 'pharo' means 'Pharaoh', 've' means 'and', 'radap' means 'I will pursue', 'acharayhem' means 'after them', 've' means 'and', 'ichavda' means 'I will be honoured', 'bepharo' means 'in Pharaoh', 'uve' means 'and in', 'chol' means 'all', 'cheilo' means 'his host', 've' means 'and', 'yadeu' means 'they will know', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'ki' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'yaasu' means 'they did', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus'.
[EXO.14.5] And it was reported to the king of Egypt that the people had escaped; and Pharaoh's heart and his servants turned against the people, and they said, 'What is this that we have done, that we have sent Israel away from our service?' [§]
vayugad lemelek mitzrayim ki barach haam vayehapekh levav paroh vaavadiyav el haam vayomru ma zot asinu ki shillachnu et Yisrael meavdeinu.
'vayugad' means 'and it was reported', 'lemelek' means 'to the king', 'mitzrayim' means 'of Egypt', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'barach' means 'escaped', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayehapekh' means 'and he turned', 'levav' means 'the heart of', 'paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'vaavadiyav' means 'and his servants', 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'ma zot' means 'what is this', 'asinu' means 'we have done', 'ki' means 'because', 'shillachnu' means 'we have sent', 'et Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'meavdeinu' means 'from our service'.
[EXO.14.6] And he bound his chariot, and took his people with him. [§]
Vayesar et-rikbo ve-et-ammo laqach immo.
'Vayesar' means 'and he bound', 'et-rikbo' means 'his chariot' (et is the direct object marker, rikbo is 'chariot' with his suffix), 've-et-ammo' means 'and his people' (ve- is 'and', et again marks the object, ammo is 'people' with his suffix), 'laqach' means 'took', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[EXO.14.7] And he took six hundred young chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and thirty over all of them. [§]
Vayikach shesh-me'ot recheb bachur vechol recheb Mitzrayim veshalishim al-kulo.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'shesh-me'ot' means 'six hundred', 'recheb' means 'chariot' (plural here), 'bachur' means 'young' (referring to the charioteers), 'vechol' means 'and all', 'recheb' again 'chariot(s)', 'Mitzrayim' means 'of Egypt', 'veshalishim' means 'and thirty', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'kulo' means 'its whole' or 'all of it'.
[EXO.14.8] And Yahveh strengthened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel, and the children of Israel went out with a raised hand. [§]
Vayechazek Yahveh et-lev Par'oh melekh Mitzrayim vayirdef acharei b'nei Yisrael u'v'nei Yisrael yotze'im be-yad rama.
'Vayechazek' means 'and (He) strengthened', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'et-lev' means 'the heart of', 'Par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'melekh' means 'king', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vayirdef' means 'and (He) pursued', 'acharei' means 'after', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'u'v'nei' means 'and the children of', 'yotze'im' means 'going out' or 'went out', 'be-yad' means 'with a hand', 'rama' means 'raised'.
[EXO.14.9] And they pursued Egypt after them, and they overtook them with chariots upon the sea, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh and his officers and his army according to the ravines before the master of the North. [§]
Vayirdefu Mitzrayim acharéhem vayassigu otam chonim al-hayam kol-sus rechev Par'oh uparashav vecheilo al-pi hachirot lifnei Ba'al Tzfon.
'Vayirdefu' means 'and they pursued', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'acharehem' means 'after them', 'vayassigu' means 'and they overtook', 'otam' means 'them', 'chonim' means 'chariots', 'al-hayam' means 'upon the sea', 'kol-sus' means 'all horses', 'rechev' means 'chariots', 'Par'oh' means 'Pharaoh', 'uparashav' means 'and his officers', 'vecheilo' means 'and his army', 'al-pi' means 'according to the command of', 'hachirot' means 'the ravines', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Ba'al' means 'the master', 'Tzfon' means 'the North'.
[EXO.14.10] And Pharaoh offered, and the children of Israel lifted their eyes, and behold Egypt was pursuing after them; they were very afraid, and the children of Israel cried out to Yahveh. [§]
uparho hiqrib vayissa'u b'nei-Yisrael et-einehem vehineh Mitsrayim nose'a acharhem vayir'u meod vayitz'aku b'nei-Yisrael el-Yahveh.
'uparho' means 'and Pharaoh'; 'hiqrib' means 'offered' or 'brought near'; 'vayissa'u' means 'and they lifted'; 'b'nei-Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel'; 'et-einehem' means 'their eyes'; 'vehineh' means 'and behold'; 'Mitsrayim' means 'Egypt'; 'nose'a' means 'pursuing' or 'going after'; 'acharhem' means 'after them'; 'vayir'u' means 'and they were very afraid'; 'meod' means 'greatly'; 'vayitz'aku' means 'and they cried out'; 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh).
[EXO.14.11] And they said to Moses, 'The oppression, there are no graves in Egypt; you have taken us to die in the wilderness. What is this you have done to us, to bring us out from Egypt?' [§]
Vayomru el-Moshe ha-mibli ein kevarim b'Mitzrayim le'kachtanu lamut ba-midbar mah zot asita lanu le'hotzi'anu mi-Mitzrayim.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'ha-mibli' means 'the oppression' or 'the affliction', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'kevarim' means 'graves', 'b'Mitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'le'kachtanu' means 'you have taken us', 'lamut' means 'to die', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'mah' means 'what', 'zot' means 'this', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'le'hotzi'anu' means 'to bring us out', 'mi-Mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt'.
[EXO.14.12] Is not this the word that we have spoken to you in Egypt, saying, 'Cease from us and we will serve Egypt, because it is good for us to serve Egypt rather than die in the desert.' [§]
halo zeh hadavar asher dibarnu eilekha b'mitzrayim le'emor chadal mimeinu ve'naavda et Mitzrayim ki tov lanu avod et Mitzrayim mimutenu ba-midbar.
"halo" means "surely not" or "is it not", "zeh" means "this", "hadavar" means "the word" or "the matter", "asher" means "that" or "which", "dibarnu" means "we have spoken", "eilekha" means "to you (masc.)", "b'mitzrayim" means "in Egypt", "le'emor" means "to say", "chadal" means "cease" or "stop", "mimeinu" means "from us", "ve'naavda" means "and we will serve", "et Mitzrayim" means "Egypt" as direct object, "ki" means "because", "tov" means "good", "lanu" means "for us", "avod" means "to serve" or "to work", "mimutenu" means "from our death", "ba-midbar" means "in the desert".
[EXO.14.13] And Moses said to the people, Do not be afraid, stand firm and see the salvation of Yahveh which He will do for you today, for the Egyptians you saw today you will not see again forever. [§]
Vayomer Moshe el haam al tirau hityatzvu ureu et-yeshuat YHWH asher ya'aseh lachem hayom ki asher reitem et-Mitzrayim hayom lo tosiu lir'otam od ad olam.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'al' means 'do not', 'tirau' means 'be afraid', 'hityatzvu' means 'stand firm', 'ureu' means 'and see', 'et-yeshuat' means 'the salvation of', 'YHWH' is the divine name rendered as 'Yahveh', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ya'aseh' means 'He will do', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'hayom' means 'today', 'ki' means 'for', 'asher' again 'that/which', 'reitem' means 'you saw', 'et-Mitzrayim' means 'the Egyptians', 'hayom' again 'today', 'lo' means 'not', 'tosiu' means 'you will see again', 'lir'otam' means 'them', 'od' means 'again', 'ad' means 'until', 'olam' means 'everlasting/forever'.
[EXO.14.14] Yahveh will fight for you, and you will keep silent. [§]
Yahveh yillahem lakhem veatem taharishun.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH. 'yillahem' means 'will fight' (future form of the verb lachem). 'lakhem' means 'for you' (plural). 'veatem' means 'and you' (plural). 'taharishun' means 'will keep silent' (future form of the verb harash).
[EXO.14.15] And Yahveh said to Moses, 'What are you shouting to me? Speak to the children of Israel and they will go forward.' [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Mosheh mah titsa'ak elai daber el-benei Yisrael ve-yissa'u.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the divine name rendered as 'Yahveh', 'el-Mosheh' means 'to Moses', 'mah' means 'what', 'titsa'ak' means 'are you shouting', 'elai' means 'to me', 'daber' means 'speak', 'el-benei Yisrael' means 'to the children of Israel', 've-yissa'u' means 'and they will go forward'.
[EXO.14.16] And you raise your staff, stretch out your hand over the sea, and split it, and the children of Israel shall come in the midst of the sea onto the dry land. [§]
Ve'atah ha'rem et-matteka unteh et-yadekha al-hayam uveka'ehhu veyavo'u b'nei Yisrael betoch hayam bayabashah.
'Ve'atah' means 'and you', 'ha'rem' means 'raise' or 'lift', 'et-matteka' means 'your staff', 'unteh' means 'stretch', 'et-yadekha' means 'your hand', 'al-hayam' means 'over the sea', 'uveka'ehhu' means 'and split it', 'veyavo'u' means 'and they shall come', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'bayabashah' means 'on the dry land'.
[EXO.14.17] And I, behold, I strengthen the heart of Egypt, and they will come after them, and I will be honored with Pharaoh and with all his army, in his chariots and in his horsemen. [§]
vaani hineni mekhazek et-lev Mitzrayim ve'yavo'u achariehhem ve'ichavda bePharaoh u'vechol-cheilo beRikvo u'veparashav.
'vaani' means 'and I', 'hineni' means 'behold', 'mekhazek' means 'strengthen', 'et-lev' means 'the heart', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've'yavo'u' means 'and they will come after', 'achariehhem' means 'after them', 've'ichavda' means 'and I will be honored', 'bePharaoh' means 'with Pharaoh', 'u'vechol-cheilo' means 'and with all his army', 'beRikvo' means 'in his chariots', 'u'veparashav' means 'and in his horsemen'.
[EXO.14.18] And Egypt will know that I am Yahveh, by My weight/authority concerning Pharaoh, his chariot, and his horsemen. [§]
Veyadu Mitsrayim ki ani Yahveh behikkavdi bepar'o berichbo uveparashav.
'Veyadu' means 'and will know', 'Mitsrayim' means 'Egypt', 'ki' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'behikkavdi' is a literal rendering of the construct meaning 'by my weight/authority', 'bepar'o' means 'concerning Pharaoh', 'berichbo' means 'his chariot', and 'uveparashav' means 'and his horsemen'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as "Yahveh" according to the given rule. The phrase "behikkavdi" is kept literal rather than idiomatically rendered as "by my power" to preserve the Hebrew sense of weight or honor.
[EXO.14.19] And the angel of the Gods the walking before the camp of Israel went from behind them, and the pillar of the cloud went before them and stood behind them. [§]
Vayissa mal'ach haElohim ha holekh lifnei machane Yisrael vayelekh meachareihem vayissa amud ha'anan mipneihem vayamod meachareihem.
'Vayissa' means 'and went', 'mal'ach' means 'angel', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'ha holekh' means 'the walking', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'machane' means 'camp', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'meachareihem' means 'from behind them', 'amud' means 'pillar', 'ha'anan' means 'the cloud', 'vayamod' means 'and he stood'.
[EXO.14.20] And he went between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel; and there was the cloud and the darkness, and it gave light the whole night, and this did not draw near to that the entire night. [§]
Vayavo bein machaneh Mitzrayim uvein machaneh Yisrael vayhi he'anan ve'hachoshech vay'yer et-halayla velo karav zeh el zeh kol ha-layla.
'Vayavo' means 'and he went', 'bein' means 'between', 'machaneh' means 'the camp', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'he'anan' means 'the cloud', 've'hachoshech' means 'and the darkness', 'vay'yer' means 'and it gave light', 'et-halayla' means 'the night', 'velo' means 'and not', 'karav' means 'approached', 'zeh' means 'this', 'el' means 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-layla' means 'the night'.
[EXO.14.21] And Moses lifted his hand over the sea, and Yahveh caused the sea to go with a strong east wind all night, and He made the sea a dry ground, and the waters were split. [§]
Vayet Moses et yado al hayam vayolech Yahveh et hayam be ruach qadim azah kol halayla vayasem et hayam lecharavah vayibaku hamayim.
'Vayet' means 'and he lifted', 'Moses' is the name of the leader, 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'yado' means 'his hand', 'al' means 'upon', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'vayolech' means 'and caused', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'be' means 'with', 'ruach' means 'wind', 'qadim' means 'east', 'azah' means 'strong', 'kol' means 'all', 'halayla' means 'the night', 'vayasem' means 'and made', 'lecharavah' means 'dry ground', 'vayibaku' means 'and they split', 'hamayim' means 'the waters'.
[EXO.14.22] And the children of Israel went within the sea on the dry land, and the waters were a wall to them on their right and on their left. [§]
Vayyavohu b'nei Yisrael betoch hayam bayabbashah vehammayim lahem chomah miminam umismolam.
'Vayyavohu' means 'and they went', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'betoch' means 'within', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'bayabbashah' means 'on the dry land', 'vehammayim' means 'and the waters', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'chomah' means 'wall', 'miminam' means 'on their right', 'umismolam' means 'and on their left'.
[EXO.14.23] And the Egyptians pursued them, all the horses of Pharaoh, his chariot and his troops, into the midst of the sea. [§]
vayirdefu mitzrayim vayavoo achar eichem kol sus par'oh rikbo ufarashav el tokh hayam.
'vayirdefu' means 'and they pursued', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vayavoo' means 'and they came', 'achar' means 'after', 'eichem' means 'them', 'kol' means 'all', 'sus' means 'horse', 'par'oh' means 'Pharaoh's', 'rikbo' means 'his chariot', 'ufarashav' means 'and his troops', 'el' means 'into', 'tokh' means 'the midst', 'hayam' means 'the sea'.
[EXO.14.24] And it was at the watch of the morning, and Yahveh looked toward the camp of Egypt in a column of fire and a cloud, and He covered the camp of Egypt. [§]
Vayehi beashmorat haboker vayashkef Yahveh el machaneh Mitzrayim beamud esh veanan vayaham et machaneh Mitzrayim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'beashmorat' means 'at the watch', 'haboker' means 'of the morning', 'vayashkef' means 'and He looked', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'machaneh' means 'camp', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'beamud' means 'in a column', 'esh' means 'fire', 'veanan' means 'and a cloud', 'vayaham' means 'and He covered', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated in English).
[EXO.14.25] And he removed the shaft of his chariots and led him with heaviness, and he said, 'Egypt, we will flee before Israel, because Yahveh is waging war against them in Egypt.' [§]
Vayasar et ofan markevotav vayenagehu bikvedut vayomer Mitzrayim anusa mipnei Yisrael ki Yahveh nilcham lahem bMitzrayim.
'Vayasar' means 'and he removed', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ofan' means 'shaft', 'markevotav' means 'his chariots', 'vayenagehu' means 'and he led him', 'bikvedut' means 'with heaviness', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'anusa' means 'we will flee', 'mipnei' means 'before', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ki' means 'because', 'Yahveh' is the literal transliteration of the divine name YHVH, 'nilcham' means 'waged war', 'lahem' means 'against them', 'bMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt'.
[EXO.14.26] Yahveh said to Moses, Stretch out your hand over the sea, and the waters will return upon Egypt, upon its chariot and upon its chariots. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe nete et-yadkha al-hayam ve-yashuvu ha-mayim al-Mitzrayim al-rikbo ve-al-parashav.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'nete' means 'stretch', 'et-yadkha' means 'your hand', 'al-hayam' means 'over the sea', 've-yashuvu' means 'and they will return', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters', 'al-Mitzrayim' means 'upon Egypt', 'al-rikbo' means 'upon its chariot', and 've-al-parashav' means 'and upon its chariots'.
[EXO.14.27] Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea turned back before him at daybreak to his east, and Egypt fled to meet him, and Yahveh frightened the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. [§]
Vayet Moshe et-yado al-hayam vayashav hayam lifnot boqer le-etano u-Mitzrayim nasim likra'ato veyna'er Yahveh et-Mitzrayim be-tokh hayam.
'Vayet' means 'and he stretched', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'et-yado' means 'his hand', 'al-hayam' means 'over the sea', 'vayashav' means 'and the sea turned back', 'lifnot' means 'before him', 'boqer' means 'at daybreak', 'le-etano' means 'to his east', 'u-Mitzrayim' means 'and Egypt', 'nasim' means 'fled', 'likra'ato' means 'to meet him', 'veyna'er' means 'and Yahveh frightened', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-Mitzrayim' means 'the Egyptians', 'be-tokh' means 'in the midst of', 'hayam' means 'the sea'.
[EXO.14.28] And the waters returned and covered the chariot and the horsemen, all the army of Pharaoh who came after them in the sea; none of them remained alive, not even one. [§]
Vayashuvu hamayim vayikasu et-harechev ve'et-haparashim lekhol cheil Paroh habaim acharayhem bayam lo nishar bahem ad echad.
'Vayashuvu' means 'and the waters returned', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'vayikasu' means 'and they covered', 'et-harechev' means 'the chariot', 've'et-haparashim' means 'and the horsemen', 'lekhol' means 'all', 'cheil' means 'the army', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'habaim' means 'who came', 'acharayhem' means 'after them', 'bayam' means 'in the sea', 'lo' means 'not', 'nishar' means 'remained', 'bahem' means 'among them', 'ad' means 'until', 'echad' means 'one'.
[EXO.14.29] And the children of Israel walked on the dry ground in the midst of the sea, and the waters were a wall to them on their right and on their left. [§]
U'venei Yisrael halchu ba-yabashah be-toch ha-yam veha-mayim lahem choma mi-yamin u-mi-s'molam.
'U' means 'and', 've' means 'and' as a conjunction, 'ne' is part of 'Bene' meaning 'children', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'halchu' means 'walked', 'ba-yabashah' means 'on the dry ground', 'be-toch' means 'within' or 'in the midst of', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 'veha-mayim' means 'and the waters', 'lahem' means 'to them' or 'for them', 'choma' means 'wall', 'mi-yamin' means 'on the right side', 'u-mi-s'molam' means 'and on the left side'.
[EXO.14.30] And Yahveh saved on that day Israel from the hand of Egypt, and Israel saw Egypt dead upon the surface of the sea. [§]
Vayosha Yahveh ba-yom ha-hu et Yisrael mi-yad Mitsrayim vayyar Yisrael et Mitsrayim met al saphat ha-yam.
'Vayosha' means 'and (He) saved', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'et' is the object marker (no direct translation), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'Mitsrayim' means 'Egypt', 'vayar' means 'and (He) saw' or 'and Israel saw', 'met' means 'dead', 'al' means 'upon', 'saphat' means 'the surface of', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea'.
[EXO.14.31] And Israel saw the great hand that Yahveh performed in Egypt; the people feared Yahveh and they believed in Yahveh and in Moses his servant. [§]
Vayar Yisrael et-hayad hagedolah asher asah Yahveh beMitzrayim vayireu haam et-Yahveh vayaa'minu baYahveh uveMoshe avdo.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hayad' means 'the hand', 'hagedolah' means 'the great', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asah' means 'made' or 'did', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'beMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'vayireu' means 'and they feared', 'haam' means 'the people', the second 'et' again marks the object, the second 'Yahveh' is the same divine name, 'vayaa'aminu' means 'and they believed', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'uveMoshe' means 'and in Moses', and 'avdo' means 'his servant'.
EXO.15
[EXO.15.1] Then Moses and the children of Israel sang this song to Yahveh, and they said, 'I will sing to Yahveh, because He has triumphantly glories; the horse and its rider were cast into the sea.' [§]
Az yashir-Moshe u'v'nei Yisrael et-hashirah hazot laYahveh vayomru le'emor ashira laYahveh ki-ga'oh ga'ah sus ve'rokhvo ramah bayam.
'Az' means 'then', 'yashir' means 'sings' (3rd person masculine singular), '-Moshe' is the proper name Moses, 'u'v'nei' means 'and the sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hashirah' means 'the song', 'hazot' means 'this', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ashira' means 'I will sing', 'laYahveh' again 'to Yahveh', 'ki' means 'because', 'ga'oh' means 'has triumphed', 'ga'ah' means 'gloriously', 'sus' means 'horse', 've'rokhvo' means 'and its rider', 'ramah' means 'was cast', 'bayam' means 'into the sea'.
[EXO.15.2] My strength and the song of Yahveh became for me salvation; this is my God, and I will praise Him, the God of my father, and I will glorify Him. [§]
Azzi vezimrat Yah vayehi li lishuah ze Eli ve'anvehu Elohei Avi va'aromemenu.
'Azzi' means 'my strength', 'vezimrat' means 'and the song of', 'Yah' is a short form of YHVH meaning 'Yahveh', 'vayehi' means 'and it became', 'li' means 'to me', 'lishuah' means 'for salvation', 'zeh' means 'this', 'Eli' means 'my God', 've'anvehu' means 'and I will praise him', 'Elohei' means 'the God of', 'avi' means 'my father', 'va'aromemenu' means 'and I will glorify him'.
[EXO.15.3] Yahveh is a man of war, Yahveh is his name. [§]
Yahveh ish milchamah, Yahveh shmo.
'Yahveh' translates the divine name YHVH, 'ish' means 'man', 'milchamah' means 'war' or 'battle', together 'ish milchamah' is 'man of war' (a warrior). 'shmo' means 'his name'.
[EXO.15.4] The chariots of Pharaoh and his host went down into the sea, and the three chosen were drowned in the Sea of Reeds. [§]
Markevot Parho vecheilo yarah bayam u-mivchar shalshav tubu be-yam-suf.
'Markevot' means 'chariots', 'Parho' means 'Pharaoh', 'vecheilo' means 'and his host', 'yarah' means 'went down', 'bayam' means 'into the sea', 'u-mivchar' means 'and the chosen', 'shalshav' means 'three', 'tubu' means 'were drowned', 'be-yam-suf' literally means 'in the sea of end', which in ancient context refers to the Sea of Reeds.
[EXO.15.5] The depths will be covered; they will go down into pits like stone. [§]
tehomot yechasimu yardu bimtzolot kemo aven.
'tehomot' means 'the depths', 'yechasimu' means 'they will be covered or hidden', 'yardu' means 'they will go down or descend', 'bimtzolot' means 'into pits or dungeons', 'kemo' means 'like', 'aven' means 'stone'.
[EXO.15.6] Your right hand, Yahveh, is glorious in strength; your right hand, Yahveh, will shatter the enemy. [§]
Yemincha Yahveh ne'adari ba-koach Yemincha Yahveh tiratz oyev.
'Yemincha' means 'your right hand', 'Yahveh' is the name of God transliterated from YHVH, 'ne'adari' means 'is glorious' or 'splendid', 'ba-koach' means 'in strength' or 'with power', the second 'Yemincha' repeats 'your right hand', the second 'Yahveh' again is the name of God, 'tiratz' means 'will shatter' or 'crush', and 'oyev' means 'enemy'.
[EXO.15.7] And in your great pride you will crush your foes; you will send your heat, and he will eat them like fire. [§]
Uve'rov ge'onecha taharos kameikha teshallach charoncha yochlemo kakash.
'Uve'rov' means 'and in the great/abundant', 'ge'onecha' means 'your pride', 'taharos' means 'you will crush', 'kameikha' means 'your foes' or 'your opponents', 'teshallach' means 'you will send', 'charoncha' means 'your heat' or 'your war-cry', 'yochlemo' means 'he will eat them', and 'kakash' means 'like a fire' or 'like a burning flame'.
[EXO.15.8] And in the breath of your nostrils the waters were hidden; the depths stood like a cloud that falls, covering the heart of the sea. [§]
u'veruach apecha ne'eremu mayim nits'vu kemo-ned nozlim kafu tehomot belev yam.
"u'veruach" means "and in the breath"; "apecha" means "your nose" (or nostrils); "ne'eremu" means "were hidden" or "were concealed"; "mayim" means "waters"; "nits'vu" means "stood" or "were standing"; "kemo-ned" means "like a cloud"; "nozlim" means "falling" or "dropping"; "kafu" means "they covered"; "tehomot" means "the depths"; "belev yam" means "in the heart of the sea" (midst of the sea).
[EXO.15.9] Said the enemy, I will pursue, I will obtain, I will divide the spoils, I will fill it, my soul, I will sharpen my sword, I will uproot him, my hand. [§]
amar oyev erdef ashig achalek shalal timlaemo nafshi arik harbi torishemo yadi.
'amar' means 'said', 'oyev' means 'enemy', 'erdef' means 'I will pursue', 'ashig' means 'I will reach' or 'I will obtain', 'achalek' means 'I will divide', 'shalal' means 'spoils' or 'plunder', 'timlaemo' means 'I will fill it', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'arik' means 'I will sharpen', 'harbi' means 'my sword', 'torishemo' means 'I will uproot him' or 'I will drive him out', 'yadi' means 'my hand'.
[EXO.15.10] You have breathed with your spirit; its veil, the sea, has been smoothed like a veil in mighty waters. [§]
Nashapta beruchacha kisso yam tzalelu kaoferet bmayim adirim.
'Nashapta' means 'you have breathed', 'beruchacha' means 'with your spirit', 'kisso' means 'its covering' or 'its veil', 'yam' means 'sea', 'tzalelu' means 'has been smoothed' or 'has become still', 'kaoferet' means 'like a veil', 'bmayim' means 'in waters', 'adirim' means 'mighty' (plural adjective).
[EXO.15.11] Who is like you among the Gods, Yahveh? Who is like you, exalted in the holy, awesome praises, maker of wonder. [§]
Mi-kamocha baelim Yahveh Mi kamoha needar baqodesh nora tehilot oseh pele.
'Mi' means 'who', 'kamocha' means 'like you', 'baelim' means 'among the Gods' (El = God, Elim = the Gods), 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'needar' means 'exalted', 'baqodesh' means 'in the holy', 'nora' means 'awesome' or 'terrible', 'tehilot' means 'praises', 'oseh' means 'maker' or 'doer', 'pele' means 'wonder' or 'miracle'.
[EXO.15.12] You stretched out your right hand; the earth will swallow it. [§]
Natita yemincha tivla'emo arets.
'Natita' means 'you stretched', 'yemincha' means 'your right hand', 'tivla'emo' means 'he will swallow it', 'arets' means 'the earth'.
[EXO.15.13] You have guided by your kindness this people, you have redeemed, you have carried by your strength to the holy dwelling. [§]
Nahita bechasdeka am zu gaalta nehalta beazeka el neve kodesheka.
'Nahita' means 'you have guided', 'bechasdeka' means 'by your kindness', 'am' means 'people', 'zu' means 'this', 'gaalta' means 'you have redeemed', 'nehalta' means 'you have carried' or 'you have led', 'beazeka' means 'by your strength', 'el' means 'to', 'neve' means 'the dwelling', 'kodesheka' means 'your holy (place)'.
[EXO.15.14] Hear, O nations, be angered at the army of Ahaz, O inhabitants of Philistia. [§]
Shamu amim yirgazun chil Ahaz yoshevei Pleshet.
'Shamu' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'amim' means 'nations', 'yirgazun' means 'they will be angered' or 'let them be provoked', 'chil' means 'army' or 'strength', 'Ahaz' is a proper name (a king of Judah), so 'chil Ahaz' means 'the army of Ahaz', 'yoshevei' means 'those who dwell' or 'inhabitants', and 'Pleshet' refers to the region of Philistia, therefore 'yoshevei Pleshet' means 'inhabitants of Philistia'.
[EXO.15.15] Then the chiefs of Edom, the oxen of Moab, seized him; they were shaken, they were terrified, all the inhabitants of Canaan. [§]
Az nivhalu aluphei Edom eilei Moab yoachazemo raad namogu kol yoshevei Kenaan.
'Az' means 'then', 'nivhalu' means 'they were shaken' or 'they shivered', 'aluphei' means 'the chiefs' or 'the leaders', 'Edom' is the name of the nation Edom, 'eilei' means 'the oxen' (or 'the bulls'), 'Moab' is the name of the nation Moab, 'yoachazemo' means 'they seized him' or 'they will grasp him', 'raad' means 'shook' or 'trembled', 'namogu' means 'they were terrified' or 'they were frightened', 'kol' means 'all', 'yoshevei' means 'inhabitants of', and 'Kenaan' is the name Canaan.
[EXO.15.16] You will fall upon them terror and fear, with great your arm they will be as stone until your people Yahveh passes, until the people this you have acquired. [§]
Tipol aleihem eimatah vafachad bigdol zeracha yiddemu kaaven ad yaavor ammecha Yahveh ad yaavor am zu kanita.
'Tipol' means 'you will fall', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'eimatah' means 'terror', 'vafachad' means 'and fear', 'bigdol' means 'with great', 'zeracha' means 'your arm', 'yiddemu' means 'they will be silent' or 'they will be stunned', 'kaaven' means 'as stone', 'ad' means 'until', 'yaAVOR' means 'it passes' or 'it will pass', 'ammecha' means 'your people', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'ad' means 'until' again, 'yaavor' means 'it will pass', 'am' means 'people', 'zu' is a demonstrative particle meaning 'this', 'kanita' means 'you have bought' or 'you have acquired'.
[EXO.15.17] You will bring him and you will plant him on the mountain of your inheritance, a dwelling place for your habitation; you have acted, Yahveh, from the holy, my Lord, your hands have established it. [§]
tevi'emo ve'tita'emo behar nachalat'cha makon leshivt'cha pa'alta Yahveh mikdash adoni kon'nu yadecha
'tevi'emo' means 'you will bring him', 've'tita'emo' means 'and you will plant him', 'behar' means 'on the mountain', 'nachalat'cha' means 'of your inheritance', 'makon' means 'a dwelling place', 'leshivt'cha' means 'for your dwelling', 'pa'alta' means 'you have acted' or 'you have done', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH, meaning the personal name of God, 'mikdash' means 'the holy' or 'from the holy', 'adoni' means 'my Lord' (translation of Adonai), 'kon'nu' means 'establish' or 'set', 'yadecha' means 'your hands'.
[EXO.15.18] Yahveh will reign forever and ever. [§]
Yahveh yimloch leolam vaed.
'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the personal name of God. 'yimloch' is a verb meaning 'he will reign' or 'shall reign'. 'leolam' means 'forever' or 'for eternity'. 'vaed' adds 'and ever' to intensify the perpetual duration.
[EXO.15.19] For when the horse of Pharaoh was in his chariot and his troops were in the sea, Yahveh turned the waters of the sea against them, and the children of Israel walked on dry ground within the sea. [§]
Ki ba suS paroah be-richvo uve-farashav ba-yam vayashav Yahveh aleihem et-mei ha-yam uve-nei Yisrael halchu ba-yabasha be-tokh ha-yam.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ba' means 'when', 'suS' means 'horse', 'paroah' means 'Pharaoh', 'be-richvo' means 'in his chariot', 'uve-farashav' means 'and with his troops', 'ba-yam' means 'in the sea', 'vayashav' means 'and He turned', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH meaning the divine name, 'aleihem' means 'against them', 'et-mei' means 'the waters of', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 'uve-nei' means 'and the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'halchu' means 'walked', 'ba-yabasha' means 'on dry ground', 'be-tokh' means 'within', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea'.
[EXO.15.20] And Miriam the prophetess, sister of Aaron, took the tambourine in her hand and led out all the women after her with cymbals and dancing. [§]
vatekach miryam ha-nevia achot aharon et ha-tof beyadah vatetzena kol hanashim achareha betuppim uvimchot.
'vatekach' means 'and took', 'miryam' is the name Miriam, 'ha-nevia' means 'the prophetess', 'achot' means 'sister', 'aharon' is the name Aaron, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-tof' means 'the tambourine', 'beyadah' means 'in her hand', 'vatetzena' means 'and led out', 'kol' means 'all', 'hanashim' means 'the women', 'achareha' means 'after her', 'betuppim' means 'with cymbals', 'uvimchot' means 'and dancing'.
[EXO.15.21] And Miriam answered them, Sing to Yahveh, for He is proud and triumphant; the horse and its rider are lifted up in the sea. [§]
vata'an lahem Miriam shiru laYahveh ki-ga'oh ga'ah sus ve'rokhvo ramah bayam.
'vata'an' means 'and she answered', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Miriam' is the proper name Miriam, 'shiru' means 'sing', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (Yahveh being the literal translation of YHVH), 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ga'oh' and 'ga'ah' together express the idea of being proud or triumphant, 'sus' means 'horse', 've'rokhvo' means 'and its rider', 'ramah' means 'is lifted up' or 'exalted', and 'bayam' means 'in the sea'. The verse calls the people to sing to Yahveh because He has shown triumph, and it describes how the horse and its rider are overturned in the sea.
[EXO.15.22] And Moses led Israel from the sea of reeds, and they went out to the wilderness of Shur, and they walked three days in the desert and did not find water. [§]
Vayassa Moshe et Yisrael mi yam Suf vayetzeu el midbar Shur vayelchu shloshet yamim ba midbar velo matzau mayim.
'Vayassa' means 'and he led', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no English equivalent, 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mi' means 'from', 'yam' means 'sea', 'Suf' means 'reeds', 'vayetzeu' means 'and they went out', 'el' means 'to', 'midbar' means 'wilderness', 'Shur' is a place name, 'vayelchu' means 'and they walked', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'ba' means 'in the', 'midbar' again means 'desert', 'velo' means 'and not', 'matzau' means 'they found', 'mayim' means 'water'.
[EXO.15.23] They came to the bitter place and could not drink water from the bitter, because they were bitter; therefore it was called bitter. [§]
Vayavoo maratah ve'lo yachlu lishtot mayim mimarah ki marim hem al-ken kara-shemah marah.
'Vayavoo' means 'they came', 'maratah' means 'bitter place', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yachlu' means 'they could', 'lishtot' means 'to drink', 'mayim' means 'water', 'mimarah' means 'from the bitter', 'ki' means 'because', 'marim' means 'bitter', 'hem' means 'they', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'kara-shemah' means 'called its name', 'marah' means 'bitter'.
[EXO.15.24] The people complained against Moses, saying, "What shall we drink?". [§]
Vayillonu haam al-Moshe leemor ma nishthe.
'Vayillonu' means 'and they complained', 'haam' means 'the people', 'al-Moshe' means 'against Moses', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'ma' means 'what', 'nishthe' means 'shall we drink'.
[EXO.15.25] And he cried out to Yahveh and Yahveh showed him a tree and he threw it into the waters and the waters became sweet; there he placed for him a statute and a judgment, and there he tried him. [§]
va-yitz'ak el-Yahveh va-yorehu Yahveh etz va-yashlekh el-hammayim va-yimtekhu hamayim sham sam lo chok u-mishpat ve-sham nisahu.
'va-yitz'ak' means 'and he cried out', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'va-yorehu' means 'and showed him', 'Yahveh' is the name of God rendered as Yahveh, 'etz' means 'a tree', 'va-yashlekh' means 'and threw', 'el-hammayim' means 'into the waters', 'va-yimtekhu' means 'and they became sweet', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'sham' means 'there', 'sam' means 'he placed', 'lo' means 'for him', 'chok' means 'a statute', 'u-mishpat' means 'and a judgment', 've-sham' means 'and there', 'nisahu' means 'he tried him'.
[EXO.15.26] He said, If you will listen you shall hear the voice of Yahveh your God, and you shall do what is right in his eyes, and you shall listen to his commandments, and you shall keep all his statutes, all the disease that I placed in Egypt I will not put upon you, for I am Yahveh your healer. [§]
Vayomer im shamoa tishma lekol Yahveh Elohecha vehayashar beeinav taaseh vehaazanta lemitzvotav veshamarta kol-chukav kol-hamachala asher samti beMitzrayim lo asim alecha ki ani Yahveh rofecha.
'Vayomer' means 'He said', 'im' means 'if', 'shamoa' means 'you will listen', 'tishma' means 'you will obey', 'lekol' means 'to the voice', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohecha' means 'your God' (derived from Elohim, literally 'the Gods', used here in singular), 'vehayashar' means 'and the right', 'beeinav' means 'in his eyes', 'taaseh' means 'you shall do', 'vehaazanta' means 'and you shall listen', 'lemitzvotav' means 'to his commandments', 'veshamarta' means 'and you shall keep', 'kol-chukav' means 'all his statutes', 'kol-hamachala' means 'all the disease', 'asher' means 'that', 'samti' means 'I placed', 'beMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'lo' means 'not', 'asim' means 'I will put', 'alecha' means 'upon you', 'ki' means 'for', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' again is YHVH, 'rofecha' means 'your healer'.
[EXO.15.27] And they came to Elim, and there were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees, and they camped there by the water. [§]
vayavo eilima ve-sham shteim esreh einot mayim ve-shivim temarim vayachanu-sham al-hamayim.
'vayavo' means 'and they came', 'eilima' is the place name Elim, 've-sham' means 'and there', 'shteim' means 'two', 'esreh' means 'ten', together 'shteim esreh' means 'twelve', 'einot' means 'springs', 'mayim' means 'water', 've-shivim' means 'and seventy', 'temarim' means 'palm trees', 'vayachanu-sham' means 'and they camped there', 'al-hamayim' means 'by the water'.
EXO.16
[EXO.16.1] They set out from Elim and came to the whole congregation of the children of Israel to the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, in five days' journey of the second month, after they went out of the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayisu meElim vayavohu kol-`adat bnei Yisrael el midbar Sin asher bein Elim uvein Sinai bachamisha asar yom lachodesh hasheni letzetam meEretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayisu' means 'and they set out', 'meElim' means 'from Elim', 'vayavohu' means 'and they came', 'kol-`adat' means 'the whole congregation', 'bnei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'el' means 'to', 'midbar Sin' means 'the wilderness of Sin', 'asher' means 'which', 'bein Elim uvein Sinai' means 'between Elim and Sinai', 'bachamisha asar yom' means 'in five days', 'lachodesh hasheni' means 'the second month', 'letzetam' means 'when they went out', 'meEretz Mitzrayim' means 'from the land of Egypt'.
[EXO.16.2] And all the congregation of the children of Israel complained against Moses and against Aaron in the wilderness. [§]
Vayillonu kol-adat b'nei Yisrael al Moshe ve'al Aharon ba-midbar.
'Vayillonu' means 'and they complained', 'kol' means 'all', 'adat' means 'the congregation', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'al' means 'against', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 've'al' means 'and against', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the wilderness'.
[EXO.16.3] And they said to them, the children of Israel, who will give our death in the hand of Yahveh in the land of Egypt when we sat on the pot of meat when we ate bread to satisfaction because you have brought us out to this wilderness to kill all this congregation with famine. [§]
Vayomeru alehem Bnei Yisrael mi-yiten moteinu be-yad Yahveh be-eretz Mitzrayim be-shivteinu al sir ha-basar be-ochlenu lechem la-sova ki hotzetem otanu el ha-midbar hazeh le-hammit et kol ha-kehal hazeh ba-ra'av.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said'; 'alehem' means 'to them'; 'Bnei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel'; 'mi-yiten' means 'who will give'; 'moteinu' means 'our death'; 'be-yad' means 'in the hand of'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH; 'be-eretz' means 'in the land of'; 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'; 'be-shivteinu' means 'when we sat'; 'al' means 'on'; 'sir' means 'the pot'; 'ha-basar' means 'the meat'; 'be-ochlenu' means 'when we ate'; 'lechem' means 'bread'; 'la-sova' means 'to satisfaction'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'hotzetem' means 'you have brought out'; 'otanu' means 'us'; 'el' means 'to'; 'ha-midbar' means 'the wilderness'; 'hazeh' means 'this'; 'le-hammit' means 'to kill'; 'et kol' means 'all'; 'ha-kehal' means 'the congregation'; 'hazeh' means 'this'; 'ba-ra'av' means 'by famine'.
[EXO.16.4] And Yahveh said to Moses, "Behold, I will rain down for you bread from heaven, and the people will go out and gather a word each day, in order that I may test them whether they will walk in my law or not." [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe, hineni mamtir lakhem lechem min-hashamayim, veyatsa ha'am velaketu devar-yom beyomo lemaan anassenhu hayelech betorati im lo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of the God of Israel, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'hineni' means 'behold' or 'here I am', 'mam tir' (mamti r) means 'I will rain down', 'lakhem' means 'for you (plural)', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'min-hashamayim' means 'from the heavens', 'veyatsa' means 'and will go out', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'velaketu' means 'and will gather', 'devar-yom' means 'a word of the day', 'beyomo' means 'in its day', 'lemaan' means 'for the purpose of', 'anassenhu' means 'I will try them' (from the verb nasah, to test), 'hayelech' means 'whether he/she/it will walk', 'betorati' means 'in my law' (Torah = law), 'im lo' means 'if not'.
[EXO.16.5] And it shall be on the sixth day, and we will prepare what they bring, and it will be a change upon what they gather day by day. [§]
vehayah bayom hashishi vehekinu et asher yaviu vehayah mishneh al asher yilketu yom yom.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hashishi' means 'the sixth', 'vehekinu' means 'and we will prepare', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'yaviu' means 'they will bring', the second 'vehayah' again means 'and it will be', 'mishneh' means 'a change' or 'difference', 'al' means 'upon', 'yilketu' means 'they will gather' or 'collect', 'yom yom' means 'day by day'.
[EXO.16.6] Moses and Aaron said to all the children of Israel, Evening, and you shall know that Yahveh brought you out from the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayomer Moshe veAharon el kol-benei Yisrael erev viadatem ki Yahveh hotzi etchem me'eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron', 'el' means 'to', 'kol-benei' means 'all the children of', 'Yisrael' is Israel, 'erev' means 'evening', 'viadatem' means 'and you will know', 'ki' means 'that', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'hotzi' means 'brought out', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.16.7] And in the morning you will see the glory of Yahveh when He heard your prayers concerning Yahveh, and what shall we say because you will pray upon us. [§]
U'boker u'reitem et-kavod Yahveh be'shamo et-telunoteichem al Yahveh v'nachnu ma ki talinu alenu.
'U'boker' means 'and in the morning', 'u'reitem' means 'you will see', 'et-kavod' means 'the glory', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'be'shamo' means 'when He heard', 'et-telunoteichem' means 'your prayers', 'al Yahveh' means 'concerning Yahveh', 'v'nachnu' means 'and we', 'ma' means 'what', 'ki' means 'because', 'talinu' means 'you will pray', 'alenu' means 'upon us'.
[EXO.16.8] Moses said, 'Give Yahveh to you this evening meat to eat, and bread in the morning to satisfy you; when Yahveh hears your complaints that you have poured against Him, we indeed have not heard your complaints, because they are against Yahveh.' [§]
Vayomer Moshe b'tet Yahveh lakhem ba'erev basar le'ekhol ve'lechem baboker lishboa bismoa Yahveh et-tilunoteichem asher-atem malinim alav ve-nachnu ma lo-aleinu tilunoteichem ki al-Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'b'tet' means 'to give', 'Yahveh' is the translated name of YHVH, 'lakhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'ba'erev' means 'in the evening', 'basar' means 'meat', 'le'ekhol' means 'to eat', 've'lechem' means 'and bread', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'lishboa' means 'to satisfy', 'bismoa' means 'when hearing', 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'et-tilunoteichem' means 'your complaints', 'asher-atem' means 'that you', 'malinim' means 'have poured', 'alav' means 'upon it/Him', 've-nachnu' means 'and we', 'ma' means 'indeed', 'lo-aleinu' means 'have not heard', 'tilunoteichem' again 'your complaints', 'ki' means 'because', 'al-Yahveh' means 'against Yahveh'.
[EXO.16.9] And Moses said to Aaron, "Tell all the assembly of the children of Israel, Come near before Yahveh, for He has heard your petitions." [§]
Vayomer Moshe el-Aharon amar el kol adat b'nei Yisrael kirbu lifnei Yahveh ki shama et telunoteichem.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'amar' means 'say', 'el' again 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 'adat' means 'assembly', 'b'nei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'kirbu' means 'draw near' or 'come close', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'shama' means 'heard', 'et' is a particle marking the object, 'telunoteichem' means 'your petitions' or 'your prayers'.
[EXO.16.10] And it was, when Aaron spoke to the whole assembly of the children of Israel, and they turned toward the desert, behold, the glory of Yahveh was seen in a cloud. [§]
Vayehi kedaber Aaron el kol adat bnei Yisrael vayipnu el hamidbar vehineh kevod Yahveh nirah beanan.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kedaber' means 'when (he) spoke', 'Aaron' is the name of the brother of Moses, 'el' means 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 'adat' means 'assembly' or 'congregation', 'bnei' means 'sons' or 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayipnu' means 'and they turned', 'el' again 'to', 'hamidbar' means 'the desert', 've' is a conjunction 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold' or 'see', 'kevod' means 'glory', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'nirah' means 'was seen', 'be' means 'in', 'anan' means 'cloud'.
[EXO.16.11] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying. [§]
Vayedabber Yahveh el-Mosheh le'emor.
'Vayedabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Mosheh' is the proper name Moses, 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[EXO.16.12] I heard the complaints of the children of Israel; speak to them, saying, 'Between the evenings you shall eat meat, and in the morning you shall be satisfied with bread; and you shall know that I Yahveh your the Gods.' [§]
shamati et-telunot b'nei Yisrael daber alehem le'emor bein ha'arbayim tokhlu basar u'vaboker tishbe'u-lachen vi'dattem ki ani Yahveh elohichem.
'shamati' means 'I heard', 'et-telunot' means 'the complaints', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'daber' means 'speak', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'bein' means 'between', 'ha'arbayim' means 'the evenings/twilight', 'tokhlu' means 'you shall eat', 'basar' means 'meat', 'u'vaboker' means 'and in the morning', 'tishbe'u-lachen' means 'you shall be satisfied with bread', 'vi'dattem' means 'and you shall know', 'ki' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'elohichem' means 'your the Gods' (Elohim translated as the Gods).
[EXO.16.13] And it was in the evening that the dew rose and covered the camp; and in the morning the dew lay around the camp. [§]
Vayehi baerev vataal hashla vatekas et-hamachane uveboker hayta shichvat hatal saviv lamachane.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'baerev' means 'in the evening', 'vataal' means 'and rose', 'hashla' means 'the dew', 'vatekas' means 'and covered', 'et-hamachane' means 'the camp', 'uveboker' means 'and in the morning', 'hayta' means 'was', 'shichvat' means 'lying' or 'laying', 'hatal' means 'the dew', 'saviv' means 'around', 'lamachane' means 'the camp'.
[EXO.16.14] And the bed of the dew rose up, and behold, upon the face of the desert a thin, pressed layer, thin as a veil, upon the ground. [§]
vataal shikhvat hatal vehineh al-penei hamidbar daq mechuspas daq kakfor al-haaretz.
'vataal' means 'and rose', 'shikhvat hatal' means 'the bed of the dew', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'al-penei hamidbar' means 'upon the face of the desert', 'daq mechuspas' means 'thin, pressed (like flannel)', 'daq kakfor' means 'thin as a veil', 'al-haaretz' means 'upon the earth'.
[EXO.16.15] And the children of Israel saw, and one said to his brother, 'What is it?' for they did not know what it was. And Moses said to them, 'It is the bread which Yahveh gave you to eat.' [§]
Vayiroo b'nei Yisrael vayomru ish el achiv man hu ki lo yadu mah hu vayomer Moshe alehem hu ha lechem asher natan Yahveh lachem leochlah.
'Vayiroo' means 'and they saw', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'ish' means 'a man' or 'one', 'el achiv' means 'to his brother', 'man' means 'what is it', 'hu' means 'it is', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yadu' means 'they knew', 'mah hu' means 'what is it', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'hu' again means 'it', 'ha lechem' means 'the bread', 'asher' means 'which', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Yahveh' means 'the LORD', 'lachem' means 'to you', 'leochlah' means 'for eating'.
[EXO.16.16] This is the matter that Yahveh commanded: each man shall take from it according to his portion an omer for the skull, the number of your souls, each man for the one in his tent shall take. [§]
zeh hadavar asher tzivah Yahveh liketu mimmennu ish lefi achlo omer lagulgolet mispar nafshoteichem ish laasher baha'lo tikhu.
'zeh' means 'this', 'hadavar' means 'the matter/thing', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'liketu' means 'to gather/take', 'mimmennu' means 'from it', 'ish' means 'each man', 'lefi' means 'according to', 'achlo' means 'his portion/eating', 'omer' means a measure of grain, 'lagulgolet' means 'for the skull', 'mispar' means 'number/count', 'nafshoteichem' means 'your souls/people', 'laasher' means 'for the one who', 'baha'lo' means 'in his tent', 'tikhu' means 'you shall take'.
[EXO.16.17] And the children of Israel did so, and they gathered the abundant and the scarce. [§]
Vayaasu-ken b'nei Yisrael vayilketu hamarbeh vehammameit.
'Vayaasu' means 'and (they) did', 'ken' means 'thus/so', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayilketu' means 'and (they) gathered', 'hamarbeh' means 'the many/abundant', 've' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'hammameit' means 'the few/the scarce'.
[EXO.16.18] And they ceased in the early morning, and they do not delay the abundance, and the diminisher does not deprive any person according to his food. [§]
Vayamodu ba'omer velo he'edif hamarbeh vehammame'it lo hechsir ish lefi akhlo lakatu.
'Vayamodu' means 'they ceased', 'ba'omer' means 'in the early morning', 'velo' means 'and not', 'he'edif' means 'they delay', 'hamarbeh' means 'the abundance', 'vehamme'it' means 'and the diminisher', 'lo' means 'does not', 'hechsir' means 'deprive', 'ish' means 'a person', 'lefi' means 'according to', 'akhlo' means 'his eating/food', 'lakatu' means 'they have taken/collected'.
[EXO.16.19] And Moses said to them, "No man shall go beyond it until morning." [§]
Vayomer Moshe alehem Ish al-yoter mimmennu ad-boker.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Ish' in this context means 'no man', 'al-yoter' means 'shall not go beyond', 'mimmennu' means 'from it', 'ad-boker' means 'until morning'.
[EXO.16.20] And they did not listen to Moses, and they left men from them until morning, and he raised the worms, and he was ashamed, and he became angry against them, Moses. [§]
ve lo shamu el Moshe vayotiru anashim mimeinu ad boker vayarum tolaim vayivash vayiktzof aleihem Moshe.
've lo' means 'and not', 'shamu' means 'they heard' or 'they listened', 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayotiru' means 'they left behind', 'anashim' means 'men', 'mimeinu' means 'from them', 'ad' means 'until', 'boker' means 'morning', 'vayarum' means 'he rose' or 'he lifted up', 'tolaim' means 'worms', 'vayivash' means 'he was ashamed', 'vayiktzof' means 'he became angry', 'aleihem' means 'against them', the final 'Moshe' is the proper name 'Moses'.
[EXO.16.21] And they gathered him in the morning, in the morning, a man as he ate him, and the heat of the sun melted it. [§]
Vayilketu oto baboker baboker ish kefi achlo veham hashemesh venamas.
'Vayilketu' means 'and they gathered', 'oto' means 'him', 'baboker' means 'in the morning' (repeated for emphasis), 'ish' means 'a man', 'kefi' means 'as' or 'like', 'achlo' means 'he ate it/him', 'veham' means 'and the', 'hashemesh' means 'sun', 'venamas' means 'it melted' or 'was melted'.
[EXO.16.22] And it happened on the sixth day that they gathered double the bread, two omers per man; and all the elders of the congregation came and reported to Moses. [§]
Vayehi bayom hashishi laqetu lechem mishneh shnei haomer la'echad vayavo'u kol-nesi'ei ha'edah vayaggidu lemoshe.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it came to pass', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hashishi' means 'the sixth', 'laqetu' means 'they gathered', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'mishneh' means 'double', 'shnei' means 'two', 'haomer' means 'the omer (measure)', 'la'echad' means 'per one (per person)', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'kol-nesi'ei' means 'all the leaders or elders', 'ha'edah' means 'the congregation', 'vayaggidu' means 'and they reported', 'lemoshe' means 'to Moses'.
[EXO.16.23] And he said to them, 'It is Yahveh who spoke: Sabbath, a holy Sabbath to Yahveh tomorrow, the thing you will bake, and the thing you will cook, and all the leaven you shall set aside for you for keeping until morning.' [§]
Vayomer alehem hu asher diber Yahveh shabbaton shabbat kodesh laYahveh machar et asher tofu efu ve'et asher tevashlu bashelu ve'et kol ha'odef ha'nichu lachem le-mishmeret ad ha-boker.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'hu' means 'it is', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'shabbaton' means 'Sabbath', 'shabbat kodesh' means 'holy Sabbath', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tofu' means 'you will bake', 'efu' means 'you will cook', 've'et' means 'and (the) that', 'tevashlu' means 'you will fry', 'bashelu' means 'in the frying', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'odef' means 'the leaven', 'ha'nichu' means 'you shall set aside', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'le-mishmeret' means 'for keeping', 'ad' means 'until', 'ha-boker' means 'the morning'.
[EXO.16.24] And they let him until morning as Moses commanded, and there was no man, and there was no spear in it. [§]
Vayanichu oto ad haboker ka'asher tziva Moshe velo hibish ve rima lo hayta bo.
'Vayanichu' means 'and they let' or 'and they rested', 'oto' means 'him' or 'it', 'ad haboker' means 'until morning', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tziva' means 'commanded', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 've lo' means 'and not', 'hibish' means 'there was a man' (negated by 'lo' gives 'there was no man'), 've' means 'and', 'rima' means 'spear', 'lo hayta' means 'was not', 'bo' means 'in it'.
[EXO.16.25] And Moses said, Eat it today, for today is the Sabbath of Yahveh; today you will not find it in the field. [§]
Vayomer Mosheh ichluho hayom ki Shabbat hayom laYahveh hayom lo timtseuho baSadeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Mosheh' means 'Moses', 'ichluho' means 'eat it', 'hayom' means 'today', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'Shabbat' means 'the Sabbath', the second 'hayom' again means 'today', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), the third 'hayom' again means 'today', 'lo' means 'not', 'timtseuho' means 'you will find it', and 'baSadeh' means 'in the field'.
[EXO.16.26] Six days you shall work them, and on the seventh day is the Sabbath; there shall be no work in it. [§]
Sheshet yamim tilkethu uva-yom hashvi'i shabbat lo yihyeh bo.
'Sheshet' means 'six', 'yamim' means 'days', 'tilkethu' means 'you shall work or gather it', 'uva-yom' means 'and on the day', 'hashvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'shabbat' means 'Sabbath', 'lo' means 'not', 'yihyeh' means 'there will be', 'bo' means 'in it'.
[EXO.16.27] And it was on the seventh day that they went out from the people to gather, but they found none. [§]
Vayehi bayom haShevi'i yatzeu min haam likot velo matzu.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'haShevi'i' means 'the seventh', 'yatzeu' means 'they went out', 'min haam' means 'from the people', 'likot' means 'to gather', 'velo' means 'and not', 'matzu' means 'they found'.
[EXO.16.28] And Yahveh said to Moses, 'Until when will you keep My commandments and My statutes?' [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe ad-ana me'anatem lishmor mitzvotai ve-torotai.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'ad-ana' means 'until when', 'me'anatem' (from the root 'anh' with a prefixed preposition 'me') conveys 'you (the people) are' or 'you continue', 'lishmor' means 'to keep', 'mitzvotai' means 'my commandments', and 've-torotai' means 'and my statutes'.
[EXO.16.29] Behold, for Yahveh has given you the Sabbath; therefore He gives you on the sixth day bread for two days. Let each man remain under his tent, lest any man go out of his place on the seventh day. [§]
Reu ki-Yahveh natan lachem haShabbat al-ken hu noten lachem baYom haShishi lechem yomayim shevu ish tachavav al-yetzeh ish mi-mkomo baYom haShevi'i.
'Reu' means 'Behold', 'ki' means 'that', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'natan' means 'has given', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'haShabbat' means 'the Sabbath', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'hu' means 'He', 'noten' means 'gives', 'baYom' means 'on the day', 'haShishi' means 'the sixth', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'yomayim' means 'two days', 'shevu' means 'let remain', 'ish' means 'each man', 'tachavav' means 'under his tent', 'al-yetzeh' means 'lest he go out', 'mi-mkomo' means 'from his place', 'baYom' again 'on the day', 'haShevi'i' means 'the seventh'.
[EXO.16.30] And the people drank on the seventh day. [§]
Vayishbetu ha'am ba-yom ha-shvi'i.
'Vayishbetu' means 'and they drank', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-shvi'i' means 'the seventh'.
[EXO.16.31] And they called the house of Israel its name Man, and it is like the seed of great white, and its taste is like the blossoming in honey. [§]
Vayikreu beit-Yisrael et-shmo man, vehu kezerah gad lavan, vetaamo ke-tzafichit bidvash.
'Vayikreu' means 'and they called', 'beit-Yisrael' means 'the house of Israel', 'et-shmo' means 'its name', 'man' is a proper name pronounced as in English, 'vehu' means 'and it is', 'kezerah' means 'like seed', 'gad' means 'great' or 'fat', 'lavan' means 'white', 'vetaamo' means 'and its taste', 'ke-tzafichit' means 'like the blossoming' (a flowering stage), 'bidvash' means 'in honey'.
[EXO.16.32] And Moses said, 'This is the thing Yahveh commanded: fill the omer with it as a memorial for your generations, so that they may see the bread that I fed you in the wilderness when I bring you out from the land of Egypt.' [§]
Vayomer Moshe zeh hadavar asher tzivah Yahveh melah haomer mimenu lemisheret ledoroteichem lema'an yiru et-lechem asher heekhalti etchem bamidbar behotzi'i etchem me'eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'zeh' means 'this', 'hadavar' means 'the thing', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'melah' means 'fill', 'haomer' means 'the omer' (a measure of grain), 'mimenu' means 'from it', 'lemisheret' means 'for a memorial/kept', 'ledoroteichem' means 'to your generations', 'lema'an' means 'in order that', 'yiru' means 'they may see', 'et-lechem' means 'the bread', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'heekhalti' means 'I fed/gave to eat', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'bamidbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'behotzi'i' means 'when I bring out', 'etchem' again 'you', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.16.33] And Moses said to Aaron, Take a tenth of one and put there a full measure of manna, and place it before Yahveh for preservation for your generations. [§]
Vayomer Moshe el-Aharon kach tzintzenet achat ve-ten shamah mel-o ha-omer man ve-hanach oto lifnei Yahveh le-mishmeret le-doroteichem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el-Aharon' means 'to Aaron', 'kach' means 'take', 'tzintzenet' means 'a tenth', 'achat' means 'of one', 've-ten' means 'and give/put', 'shamah' means 'there', 'mel-o' means 'full', 'ha-omer' means 'the store/measure', 'man' means 'manna', 've-hanach' means 'and place/put', 'oto' means 'it', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'le-mishmeret' means 'for preservation/keeping', 'le-doroteichem' means 'for your generations'.
[EXO.16.34] As Yahveh commanded Moses, and Aaron placed him before the testimony for the service. [§]
kaasher tzivvah Yahveh el Moses vayyani'chehu Aharon lifnei ha'edut le-mishmeret.
'kaasher' means 'as', 'tzivvah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the divine name, 'el' means 'to', 'Moses' is the personal name, 'vayyani'chehu' means 'and he placed him', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ha'edut' means 'the testimony', 'le-mishmeret' means 'for the service'.
[EXO.16.35] And the children of Israel ate the manna for forty years until they came to the settled land; they ate the manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan. [§]
Uvnei Yisrael achlu et haman arbaim shanah ad boam el eretz noshavet et haman achlu ad boam el ktshe eretz Kenaan.
'U' means 'and', 'vnei' means 'the children/sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'achlu' means 'they ate', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'haman' means 'the manna', 'arbaim' means 'forty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'ad' means 'until', 'boam' means 'they came', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'eretz' means 'the land', 'noshavet' means 'settled' or 'inhabited', the second 'et' again is a marker, the second 'haman' repeats 'the manna', the second 'achlu' repeats 'they ate', the second 'ad' again 'until', the second 'boam' again 'they came', 'ktshe' means 'the border' or 'edge', and 'Kenaan' is the proper name of the land Canaan.
[EXO.16.36] And the omer of the tenth (of the ...) is he. [§]
veha'omer asrit ha'eifah hu pe.
"ve" means "and", "ha'omer" means "the omer" (a Hebrew grain measure), "asrit" means "tenth", "ha'eifah" is a difficult, apparently rare word that seems to mean "the something" (its exact sense is uncertain in the fragment), "hu" means "he" or "it", and "pe" is a paragraph marker that appears at the end of some verses.
EXO.17
[EXO.17.1] And they set out the whole assembly of the children of Israel from the desert of Sin for their journeys by the word of Yahveh, and they camped at Rafidim, and there was no water for the people to drink. [§]
Vayisu kol-`adat b'nei Yisrael mi-midbar Sin le-mas'eihem al-pi Yahveh vayachanu birfiddim ve-ein mayim li'shot ha'am.
'Vayisu' means 'and they set out', 'kol-`adat' means 'the whole assembly', 'b'nei' means 'of the children', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mi-midbar' means 'from the desert', 'Sin' is the name of the desert, 'le-mas'eihem' means 'for their journeys', 'al-pi' means 'by the word of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayachanu' means 'and they camped', 'birfiddim' means 'at Rafidim', 've-ein' means 'and there was no', 'mayim' means 'water', 'li'shot' means 'to drink', 'ha'am' means 'the people'.
[EXO.17.2] And the people contended with Moses and they said, Give us water that we may drink. And Moses said to them, What are you quarreling with me for? What are you testing Yahveh for? [§]
vayarev haam im Moshe vayomeru tenun lanu mayim ve-nisheh vayomer lahem Moshe mah terivun imadi mah tenassun et Yahveh.
'vayarev' means 'and the people contended', 'haam' means 'the people', 'im' means 'with', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'tenun' means 'give us', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'mayim' means 'water', 've-nisheh' means 'that we may drink', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'mah' means 'what', 'terivun' means 'are you quarreling', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'mah' again 'what', 'tenassun' means 'are you testing', 'et' is the direct object marker, and 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH.
[EXO.17.3] Then the people were thirsty for water and the people complained against Moses and said, "Why have you led us out of Egypt to cause my death and the death of my children and the death of my livestock in the thirst?" [§]
vayitsma sham ha'am lamayim vayalen ha'am al-Moshe vayomer lama ze he'elitu mimitzrayim lehamit oti ve-et-bnai ve-et-miknay batsama.
'vayitsma' means 'then was thirsty', 'sham' means 'there', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'lamayim' means 'for water', 'vayalen' means 'and complained', 'ha'am' again 'the people', 'al-Moshe' means 'against Moses', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lama' means 'why', 'ze' means 'this', 'he'elitu' means 'you have led us', 'mimitzrayim' means 'out of Egypt', 'lehamit' means 'to cause death', 'oti' means 'to me', 've-et-bnai' means 'and to my children', 've-et-miknay' means 'and to my livestock', 'batsama' means 'in the thirst'.
[EXO.17.4] And Moses cried out to Yahveh, saying, "What shall I do for this people, still few and having scorned me?" [§]
Vayitsak Moshe el Yahveh leemor ma eese laam hazeh od meat uskaluni.
'Vayitsak' means 'and he cried out', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'leemor' means 'to say', 'ma' means 'what', 'eese' means 'shall I do', 'laam' means 'for the people', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'od' means 'still', 'meat' means 'few', 'uskaluni' means 'they have scorned me' or 'they have weighed me down'.
[EXO.17.5] Yahveh said to Moses, Go before the people and take with you the elders of Israel and your staff which you struck the river with; take it in your hand and you shall go. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el Moshe aver lifnei haam ve-kach itcha mitzikei Yisrael u-matka asher hikitah bo et hayor kach beyadcha vehalachta.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'aver' means 'go ahead', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'haam' means 'the people', 've-kach' means 'and take', 'itcha' means 'with you', 'mitzikei' means 'the elders', 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'u-matka' means 'and your staff', 'asher' means 'which', 'hikitah' means 'you struck', 'bo' means 'in it', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hayor' means 'the river', 'kach' means 'take', 'beyadcha' means 'in your hand', 'vehalachta' means 'and you shall go'.
[EXO.17.6] Behold, I am standing before you there on the rock in the wilderness, and you shall strike the rock, and water will flow out of it and the people will drink, and Moses did so in the eyes of the elders of Israel. [§]
Hineni oomed lefanekha sham al hatzur bechorev vehekkita batzur veyatz'u mimenu mayim vesheta haam vayaas ken Moshe le'einei ziknei Yisrael.
'Hineni' means 'Behold' or 'I am here', 'omed' means 'standing', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'sham' means 'there', 'al hatzur' means 'on the rock', 'bechoreb' means 'in the wilderness', 'vehekkita' means 'and you shall strike', 'batzur' means 'the rock', 'veyatz'u' means 'and they will go out', 'mimenu' means 'from it', 'mayim' means 'water', 'vesheta' means 'and the people will drink', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayaas' means 'and he did', 'ken' means 'thus', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'le'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'ziknei' means 'the elders', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.17.7] And he called the place Massah and Meribah because of the quarrel of the children of Israel and because they tested Yahveh, saying, 'Is Yahveh among us or not?' [§]
Vayikra shem ha-makom massa umerivah al-riv b'nei Yisrael ve'al nasotam et-Yahveh le'emor hayesh Yahveh beqirbenu im-ayin.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'shem' means 'the name', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'massa' means 'testing' (also the name of the place), 'umerivah' means 'and quarreling' (also the name of the place), 'al' means 'because of', 'riv' means 'quarrel', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've'al' means 'and also', 'nasotam' means 'they tested', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hayesh' means 'is there', 'Yahveh' again the name of God, 'beqirbenu' means 'among us', 'im-ayin' means 'if not / or not'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as 'Yahveh' per the translation guidelines.
[EXO.17.8] And Amalek came and fought with Israel at Rephidim. [§]
Vayavo Amalek vayillahem im Yisrael birfidim.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'Amalek' is the name of the people, 'vayillahem' means 'and he fought', 'im' means 'with', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'birfidim' means 'at Rephidim'.
[EXO.17.9] And said Moses to Joshua, Choose for us men and go out to fight Amalek; tomorrow I will stand on the top of the hill, and the staff of the Gods in my hand. [§]
Vayomer Moshe el Yehoshua, bechar lanu anashim ve'tze hilechem ba'amalek, machar anochi nitsav al rosh hagiva, u'matte haElohim beyadi.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to', 'Yehoshua' is the proper name 'Joshua', 'bechar' means 'choose', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'anashim' means 'men', 've'tze' means 'and go out', 'hilechem' means 'to fight', 'ba'amalek' means 'against Amalek', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'anochi' means 'I', 'nitsav' means 'will stand', 'al' means 'on', 'rosh' means 'head' or 'top', 'hagiva' means 'the hill', 'u'matte' means 'and the staff', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literally the plural name for God), 'beyadi' means 'in my hand'.
[EXO.17.10] And Joshua did as Moses had said to him, to fight Amalek; and Moses, Aaron and Hur went up onto the top of the hill. [§]
Vayaas Yehoshua ka'asher amar-lo Moshe lehilachem ba'amalek veMoshe Aaron veChur aloo rosh ha'giv'ah.
'Vayaas' means 'and he did', 'Yehoshua' means 'Yahveh saves', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'amar-lo' means 'he said to him', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lehilachem' means 'to fight', 'ba'amalek' means 'against Amalek', 'veMoshe' means 'and Moses', 'Aaron' is a personal name, 'veChur' means 'and Hur', 'aloo' means 'went up', 'rosh' means 'top', 'ha'giv'ah' means 'the hill'.
[EXO.17.11] And it shall be, as Moses lifts up his hand, so Israel will be victorious; and as he lowers his hand, so Amalek will be victorious. [§]
vehayah kaasher ya-rim Moshe ya-do ve-ga-var Yisrael ve-kaasher ya-nich ya-do ve-ga-var Amalek.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'kaasher' means 'as' or 'like', 'ya-rim' means 'will lift up', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'ya-do' means 'his hand', 've-ga-var' means 'and will be victorious', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ya-nich' means 'will lower', 'Amalek' means 'Amalek'.
[EXO.17.12] The hands of Moses were heavy, and they took a stone and set it under him, and he sat upon it; and Aaron and Hur supported him with his hands, one on each side, and his hands were firm until the sun went down. [§]
viydei Moshe kevedim vayyichu even vaysimu tachtav vayeshev aleha veAharon vechur tamchu beydav mizze echad umizze echad vayehi yadav emunah ad bo hashamesh
'viydei' means 'the hands of', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'kevedim' means 'were heavy', 'vayyichu' means 'and they took', 'even' means 'a stone', 'vaysimu' means 'and they placed', 'tachtav' means 'under it', 'vayeshev' means 'and he sat', 'aleha' means 'upon it', 'veAharon' means 'and Aaron', 'vechur' means 'and Hur', 'tamchu' means 'supported', 'beyadav' means 'with his hands', 'mizze' means 'from this side', 'echad' means 'one', 'umizze' means 'from that side', 'echad' means 'one', 'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'yadav' means 'his hands', 'emunah' means 'faithful' or 'firm', 'ad' means 'until', 'bo' means 'the sun went down', 'hashamesh' means 'the sun'.
[EXO.17.13] And Joshua smote Amalek and his people with the sword. [§]
Vayachalos Yehoshua et-Amalek ve-et-ammo lefi-charev.
'Vayachalos' means 'and he smote', 'Yehoshua' is the personal name Joshua, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Amalek' is the name of the people Amalek, 've-et' means 'and (the)', 'ammo' means 'his people', 'lefi' means 'by the', 'charev' means 'sword'.
[EXO.17.14] And Yahveh said to Moses, write this as a memorial in the book, and put it in the ears of Joshua, for I will blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under the heavens. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe k'tov zot zikaron bassefer vesim be'aznei Yehoshua ki macho emche et zecher Amalek mitachat ha-shamayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' translates the divine name YHVH as specified, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'k'tov' means 'write', 'zot' means 'this', 'zikaron' means 'memorial' or 'remembrance', 'bassefer' means 'in the book', 'vesim' means 'and put', 'be'aznei' means 'in the ears of', 'Yehoshua' means 'Joshua', 'ki' means 'for', 'macho' is a form of the verb 'to blot out', rendered here as 'I will blot out', 'emche' means 'I will erase', 'et' is the accusative particle (untranslated), 'zecher' means 'remembrance', 'Amalek' is the proper name of the nation, 'mitachat' means 'from under', and 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens'.
[EXO.17.15] And Moses built an altar and called its name Yahveh, my banner. [§]
va-yiven Moshe mizbeach va-yikra shmo Yahveh nissi.
'va-yiven' means 'and he built', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'va-yikra' means 'and he called', 'shmo' means 'its name' (literally 'his name'), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'nissi' means 'my banner' (from nes 'banner' with the first‑person singular possessive suffix).
[EXO.17.16] And He said, Because the hand is upon the cup, Yah, a war for Yahveh against Amalek forever. [§]
Vayomer ki-yad al kes Yah milchamah l'Yahveh ba-Amalek midor dor.
'Vayomer' means 'and He said', 'ki' means 'because', 'yad' means 'hand', 'al' means 'upon', 'kes' means 'cup', 'Yah' is a short form of the divine name, translated as 'Yah', 'milchamah' means 'war', 'l'Yahveh' means 'for Yahveh', 'ba-Amalek' means 'against Amalek', 'midor' means 'from generation', 'dor' means 'to generation', together 'midor dor' conveys 'from generation to generation' or 'forever'.
EXO.18
[EXO.18.1] And Jethro the priest of Midian, father-in-law of Moses, heard all that the Gods did for Moses and for Israel his people, because Yahveh brought Israel out of Egypt. [§]
Va yishma Yitro kohen Midyan choten Moshe et kol asher asah Elohim le Moshe u le Yisrael amo ki hotzi Yahveh et Yisrael mi Mitzrayim.
'Va' means 'and', 'yishma' means 'heard', 'Yitro' is the name Jethro, 'kohen' means 'priest', 'Midyan' means 'of Midian', 'choten' means 'father-in-law', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asah' means 'did/made', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'le' is the preposition 'for/to', 'Moshe' again 'Moses', 'u' means 'and', 'le' again 'for', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'amo' means 'his people', 'ki' means 'because', 'hotzi' means 'brought out', 'Yahveh' is the rendering of YHVH, 'et' accusative marker, 'Yisrael' again 'Israel', 'mi' means 'from', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.18.2] And Jethro, the father‑in‑law of Moses, took Zipporah, the wife of Moses, after he had sent her away. [§]
Vayikach Yitro choten Moshe et Tziporah eshet Moshe achar shilucha.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Yitro' is the personal name Jethro, 'choten' means 'father‑in‑law', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Tziporah' is the name Zipporah, 'eshet' means 'wife of', the second 'Moshe' again means 'Moses', 'achar' means 'after', and 'shilucha' means 'her being sent away' (i.e., after he sent her away).
[EXO.18.3] and the two sons of her, whose one was named Gershom, because he said, I was a stranger in a foreign land. [§]
ve'et shnei vaneha asher shem ha'echad gershom ki amar ger hayiti be'eretz nachriyah.
've'et' means 'and', 'shnei' means 'two', 'vaneha' means 'her sons', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'shem' means 'name', 'ha'echad' means 'the one', 'gershom' is a personal name derived from ger meaning 'stranger' and shom meaning 'there', thus 'a sojourner there', 'ki' means 'because', 'amar' means 'said', 'ger' means 'stranger', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'nachriyah' means 'foreign'.
[EXO.18.4] and the name of the one is God-help because the Gods of my father in my help and He saved me from the sword of Pharaoh. [§]
ve-shem ha-echad Eli'ezer ki Elohei avi be-ezri va-yatzileni me-cherav Par'oh.
've-shem' means 'and name', 'ha-echad' means 'the one', 'Eli'ezer' is a personal name containing 'El' which means 'God', so it is rendered as 'God-help', 'ki' means 'because', 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' meaning 'the Gods of', 'avi' means 'my father', 'be-ezri' means 'in my help', 'va-yatzileni' means 'and He saved me', 'me-cherav' means 'from the sword', 'Par'oh' is the name of Pharaoh and is kept as a proper name.
[EXO.18.5] And Yitro the son‑in‑law of Moses and his sons and his wife came to Moses to the desert where he encamps there the mountain of the Gods. [§]
Vayyavo Yitro choten Moshe uvanav veishto el-Moshe el-hamiddbar asher-hu choneh sham har haElohim.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'Yitro' means 'Jether', 'choten' means 'son‑in‑law', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'uvanav' means 'and his sons', 'veishto' means 'and his wife', 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'el-hamiddbar' means 'to the desert', 'asher-hu' means 'which he', 'choneh' means 'encamps', 'sham' means 'there', 'har' means 'mountain', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods'.
[EXO.18.6] And he said to Moses, I, your father‑in‑law Yitro, will come to you and your wife and her two sons with him. [§]
Vayomer el Moshe Ani Chotencha Yitro ba elecha veishtcha ushnei baneha imahu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'Ani' means 'I', 'Chotencha' means 'your father‑in‑law', 'Yitro' is a proper name, 'ba' means 'will come', 'elecha' means 'to you', 'veishtcha' means 'and your wife', 'ushnei' means 'and two', 'baneha' means 'her sons', 'imahu' means 'with him'.
[EXO.18.7] And Moses went out to meet his father‑in‑law; they bowed down, he kissed him; a man inquired about his companion for peace, and they entered the tent. [§]
Vayetze Moshe likrat chotno vayishtachu vayishaq lo vayishe'alu ish-ler'ehu leshalom vayavo haohala.
'Vayetze' means 'and went out', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'likrat' means 'to meet', 'chotno' means 'his father‑in‑law', 'vayishtachu' means 'and they bowed down', 'vayishaq' means 'and he kissed', 'lo' means 'him', 'vayishe'alu' means 'and they inquired', 'ish-ler'ehu' means 'a man about his companion', 'leshalom' means 'for peace', 'vayavo' means 'and they entered', 'haohala' means 'the tent'.
[EXO.18.8] Moses recounted to his offspring all that Yahveh had done to Pharaoh and to Egypt concerning the signs of Israel, all the disaster that they encountered on the way, and Yahveh delivered them. [§]
Vayesaper Moshe lechotno et kol-asher asah Yahveh leParoh ulemitsrayim al odot Yisrael et kol-hatelah asher metzaatam ba-derekh vayatzilam Yahveh.
'Vayesaper' means 'and he related', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lechotno' means 'to his offspring', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asah' means 'did/made', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'leParoh' means 'to Pharaoh', 'ulemitsrayim' means 'and to Egypt', 'al' means 'concerning', 'odot' means 'signs', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'kol-hatelah' means 'all the disaster/plague', 'asher' means 'that', 'metzaatam' means 'they encountered', 'ba-derekh' means 'on the way', 'vayatzilam' means 'and He saved/delivered them', 'Yahveh' again the literal name of God.
[EXO.18.9] And his increase joined upon all the good which Yahveh did for Israel, which He saved from the hand of Egypt. [§]
Vayichad yitro al kol hatova asher-asah Yahveh leYisrael asher hitzilo mi yad Mitzrayim.
'Vayichad' means 'and (he) joined', 'yitro' means 'his increase', 'al' means 'upon', 'kol' means 'all', 'hatova' means 'the good', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asah' means 'did/made', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'leYisrael' means 'to Israel', 'hitzilo' means 'saved', 'mi' means 'from', 'yad' means 'hand', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.18.10] And Yitro said, Blessed is Yahveh who delivered you from the hand of Egypt and from the hand of Pharaoh, who delivered the people from under the hand of Egypt. [§]
Vayomer Yitro Baruch Yahveh asher hisil etchem mi-yad Mitzrayim u-mi-yad Paroh asher hisil et haam mi-tachat yad Mitzrayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yitro' is the name Yitro, 'Baruch' means 'blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'who', 'hisil' means 'delivered' or 'saved', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'u-mi-yad' means 'and from the hand of', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'haam' means 'the people', 'mi-tachat' means 'from under', 'yad' means 'hand', and the second 'Mitzrayim' again means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.18.11] Now I know that Yahveh is great above all the Gods, because of the word which they have spoken against them. [§]
Attah yadati ki-gadol Yahveh mikol haelohim ki ba-davar asher zadu aleihem.
'Attah' means 'now', 'yadati' means 'I know', 'ki' means 'that', 'gadol' means 'great', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mikol' means 'from all' or 'above all', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'ba-davar' means 'in the matter' or 'because of the word', 'asher' means 'which', 'zadu' means 'they have spoken against', 'aleihem' means 'them'.
[EXO.18.12] And he took Yitro, Moses' son-in-law, a burnt offering and sacrifices for the Gods; and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel ate bread with Moses' son-in-law before the Gods. [§]
vayikach yitro choten moshe ola uzevachim leElohim vayavo aaron vechol ziknei yisrael le'ekhol-lechem im-choten moshe lifnei haElohim
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'yitro' is the personal name Yitro, 'choten' means 'son-in-law', 'moshe' means 'Moses', 'ola' means 'a burnt offering', 'uzevachim' means 'and sacrifices', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'aaron' means 'Aaron', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ziknei' means 'elders of', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le'ekhol-lechem' means 'to eat bread', 'im-choten' means 'with the son-in-law', 'moshe' again means 'Moses', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods'.
[EXO.18.13] And it happened the next day, and Moses sat to judge the people, and the people stood by Moses from morning until evening. [§]
Vayehi mimmaharat vayyeshev Moshe lishpot et haam vayyaamod haam al Moshe min haboker ad haarev.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'mimmaharat' means 'the next day', 'vayyeshev' means 'and he sat', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lishpot' means 'to judge', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayyaamod' means 'and they stood', 'al' means 'by' or 'against', 'min' means 'from', 'haboker' means 'the morning', 'ad' means 'until', 'haarev' means 'the evening'.
[EXO.18.14] And Moses' father-in-law saw all that he was doing for the people and said, "What is this thing you are doing for the people? Why are you sitting alone while all the people stand against you from morning until evening?" [§]
vayar choten Moshe et kol asher hu oseh laam vayomer ma ha-davar ha-zeh asher attah oseh laam madua attah yoshev levadekha vechol ha-am nitzav alekha min boker ad erev.
'vayar' means 'and he saw', 'choten' means 'father-in-law', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hu' means 'he', 'oseh' means 'does' or 'does making', 'laam' means 'for the people', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ma' means 'what', 'ha-davar' means 'the matter', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that', 'attah' means 'you', 'oseh' means 'are doing', 'laam' again 'for the people', 'madua' means 'why', 'yoshev' means 'you sit', 'levadekha' means 'alone', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'nitzav' means 'stand against', 'alekha' means 'against you', 'min' means 'from', 'boker' means 'morning', 'ad' means 'until', 'erev' means 'evening'.
[EXO.18.15] And Moses said to his son-in-law, because the people will come to me to seek the Gods. [§]
Vayomer Moshe lechotno ki-yavo elai ha'am lidrosh Elohim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lechotno' means 'to his son-in-law', 'ki-yavo' means 'because he will come', 'elai' means 'to me', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'lidrosh' means 'to seek', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'.
[EXO.18.16] For there will be a matter that comes to me, and I will judge between a man and his fellow, and I will declare the laws of the Gods and his teachings. [§]
Ki yihyeh lahem davar ba elai veshafatti bein ish uvein re'ehu vehodati et chukei haelohim ve'et torotav.
'Ki' means 'for', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'davar' means 'a matter', 'ba' means 'coming', 'elai' means 'to me', 'veshafatti' means 'and I will judge', 'bein' means 'between', 'ish' means 'a man', 'uvein' means 'and between', 're'ehu' means 'his fellow', 'vehodati' means 'and I will declare', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'chukei' means 'laws of', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 've'et' means 'and the', 'torotav' means 'his teaching(s)'.
[EXO.18.17] The son-in-law of Moses said to him, 'The thing you are doing is not good.' [§]
Vayomer choten Moshe elav lo-tov ha-davar asher atah oseh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'choten' means 'son-in-law', 'Moshe' is the name 'Moses', 'elav' means 'to him', 'lo-tov' means 'not good', 'ha-davar' means 'the thing' or 'the matter', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'atah' means 'you', 'oseh' means 'are doing'.
[EXO.18.18] Fool, you will be overwhelmed; also you and this people who are with you, because the matter is too heavy for you, you cannot do it by yourself. [§]
navol tibol gam-atah gam-ha'am hazeh asher immach ki-kaved mimcha hadavar lo-tuchal asohu levadekha.
'navol' means 'fool' or 'stupid', 'tibol' means 'you will drown' or 'you will be overwhelmed', 'gam-atah' means 'also you', 'gam-ha'am' means 'also the people', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'immach' means 'with you', 'ki' means 'because', 'kaved' means 'heavy', 'mimcha' means 'from you', 'hadavar' means 'the matter' or 'the thing', 'lo-tuchal' means 'you cannot', 'asohu' means 'do it', 'levadekha' means 'alone' or 'by yourself'.
[EXO.18.19] Now listen to my voice; I will give you counsel, and let the Gods be with you. Be you for the people before the Gods, and you shall bring the words to the Gods. [§]
Attah shma bekoli iatzeka vihiy elohim imk heyeh attah lam mul haelohim veheveita attah et-hadvarim el haelohim.
'Attah' means 'you'; 'shma' means 'listen'; 'bekoli' means 'to my voice'; 'iatzeka' means 'I will give you counsel'; 'vihiy' means 'and let it be'; 'elohim' means 'the Gods'; 'imk' means 'with you'; 'heyeh' means 'be'; 'lam' means 'for the people'; 'mul' means 'before' or 'in front of'; 'haelohim' means 'the Gods' (definite form); 'veheveita' means 'and you shall bring'; 'et-hadvarim' means 'the words'; 'el haelohim' means 'to the Gods'. The divine name 'Elohim' is rendered literally as 'the Gods' per the given guidelines.
[EXO.18.20] And you shall illuminate them, the statutes and the teachings, and you shall inform them of the way they will walk in, and of the work that they shall do. [§]
ve-hizhartah ethem et-hachukim ve-et-hatorot ve-hod'ata lahem et-haderekh yelechu bah ve-et-hama'aseh asher ya'asu.
"ve" means "and", "hizhartah" means "you shall cause to shine" or "illuminate", "ethem" means "them", "et-hachukim" means "the statutes", "ve-et-hatorot" means "and the teachings", "ve-hod'ata" means "and you shall inform", "lahem" means "to them", "et-haderekh" means "the way", "yelechu" means "they will walk", "bah" means "in it", "ve-et-hama'aseh" means "and the work", "asher" means "that", "ya'asu" means "they shall do".
[EXO.18.21] And you will see from all the people men of valor who fear the Gods, men of truth, haters of corruption, and you will set upon them leaders of thousands, leaders of hundreds, leaders of fifties, and leaders of tens. [§]
ve'atah techeze mikol ha'am anshei chayil yirei Elohim anshei emet sonei batza ve'samta alehem serei alafim serei me'ot serei chamishim ve'serei asarot.
've'atah' means 'and you', 'techeze' means 'will see', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'chayil' means 'valor' or 'strength', 'yirei' means 'those who fear', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'emet' means 'truth', 'sonei' means 'haters', 'batza' means 'corruption' or 'scandal', 've'samta' means 'and you will place', 'alehem' means 'upon them', 'serei' means 'leaders of', 'alafim' means 'thousands', 'me'ot' means 'hundreds', 'chamishim' means 'fifties', 'asarot' means 'tens'.
[EXO.18.22] And they will judge the people at every time, and it will be that every great matter they will bring to you, and every small matter they will judge themselves, and the light from upon you, and they will carry it with you. [§]
ve-shaphtu et-ha'am be-kol-et ve-hayah kol ha-davar ha-gadol yavi'u elecha ve-kol ha-davar ha-qaton yishpetu-hem ve-hakel me-alecha ve-nasu ittach.
've' means 'and', 'shaphtu' means 'they will judge', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'be-kol-et' means 'at every time', 've-hayah' means 'and it will be', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-davar' means 'the matter', 'ha-gadol' means 'the great', 'yavi'u' means 'they will bring', 'elecha' means 'to you', 've-kol' means 'and all', 'ha-qaton' means 'the small', 'yishpetu-hem' means 'they will judge them', 've-hakel' means 'and the light', 'me-alecha' means 'from upon you', 've-nasu' means 'and they will carry', 'ittach' means 'with you'.
[EXO.18.23] If you do this matter and the Gods command you and you can stand, also all the people here will go to their place in peace. [§]
Im et-hadavar hazeh ta'aseh ve-tzivkha Elohim ve-yachalta amod ve-gam kol-ha'am hazeh al-mekomo yavo be-shalom.
'Im' means 'if', 'et-hadavar' means 'the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ta'aseh' means 'you will do', 've-tzivkha' means 'and command you', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 've-yachalta' means 'and you will be able', 'amod' means 'to stand', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'kol-ha'am' means 'all the people', 'hazeh' repeats 'this', 'al-mekomo' means 'to his place', 'yavo' means 'will come', 'be-shalom' means 'in peace'.
[EXO.18.24] Moses heard the voice of his [something] and did all that was said. [§]
Vayishma Moshe leqol chotno vayya'as kol asher amar.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'leqol' means 'to the voice', 'chotno' is a rare form that likely means 'his ...' (the exact referent is uncertain in the Masoretic text), 'vayya'as' means 'and he did', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'amar' means 'was said' or 'spoke'.
[EXO.18.25] And Moses chose men of valor from all Israel and gave them leaders over the people, leaders of thousands, leaders of hundreds, leaders of fifties, and leaders of tens. [§]
vayivchar Moshe anshei-chayil mikol Yisrael vayiten otam rashim al-haam sarei alafim sarei me'ot sarei chamishim ve-sarei asarot.
'vayivchar' means 'and he chose', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'anshei-chayil' means 'men of valor', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave/appointed', 'otam' means 'them', 'rashim' means 'heads' or 'leaders', 'al-haam' means 'over the people', 'sarei alafim' means 'leaders of thousands', 'sarei me'ot' means 'leaders of hundreds', 'sarei chamishim' means 'leaders of fifties', 've-sarei asarot' means 'and leaders of tens'.
[EXO.18.26] And they shall judge the people at all times; the difficult matter they shall bring to Moses, but the small matter they shall judge themselves. [§]
ve-shafetu et ha'am be-khol et et ha-davar ha-kashe yiviun el Moshe ve-khol ha-davar ha-katon yishpotu hem.
've-shafetu' means 'and they shall judge', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'be-khol' means 'at all', 'et' (second) means 'time', another 'et' marks the object, 'ha-davar' means 'the matter', 'ha-kashe' means 'the difficult', 'yiviun' means 'they will bring', 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'ha-davar' again 'the matter', 'ha-katon' means 'the small', 'yishpotu' means 'they shall judge', 'hem' means 'they' (reflexive).
[EXO.18.27] Moses sent his son-in-law, and he went to his own land. [§]
Vayeshallach Moshe et-chotno vayelekh lo el-artzo.
'Vayeshallach' means 'and sent', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'et-chotno' means 'his son-in-law', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'lo' means 'to him', and 'el-artzo' means 'to his land'.
EXO.19
[EXO.19.1] In the third month, when the children of Israel went out from the land of Egypt, on this day they came into the wilderness of Sinai. [§]
Bachodesh hashlishi letzet b'nei Yisrael me'eretz Mitzrayim bayom hazeh ba'u midbar Sinai.
'Bachodesh' means 'in the month', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 'letzet' means 'to go out', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ba'u' means 'they came', 'midbar' means 'wilderness', 'Sinai' is a proper name for the mountain region.
[EXO.19.2] And they journeyed from Raphides and came to the wilderness of Sinai, and they encamped in the wilderness, and Israel camped opposite the mountain. [§]
Vayis'eu merpiddim vayavohu midbar Sinai vayachan ba-midbar vayichan sham Yisrael neged ha-har.
'Vayis'eu' means 'and they journeyed', 'merpiddim' means 'from Raphides', 'vayavohu' means 'and they came', 'midbar' means 'wilderness', 'Sinai' is the name of the region, 'vayachan' means 'and they encamped', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'vayichan' means 'and they camped', 'sham' means 'there', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'neged' means 'opposite', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain'.
[EXO.19.3] And Moses went up to the Gods and called to him Yahveh from the mountain, saying, Thus you shall say to the house of Jacob and declare to the sons of Israel. [§]
Umoshe alah el-haElohim vayikra elav Yahveh min-haHar le'emor koh tomar le'veit Yaakov ve'tagged livnei Yisrael.
'Umoshe' means 'and Moses', 'alah' means 'went up', 'el' means 'to', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH, 'min-haHar' means 'from the mountain', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'koh' means 'thus', 'tomar' means 'you shall say', 'le'veit' means 'to the house', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 've'tagged' means 'and you shall declare', 'livnei' means 'to the sons', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.19.4] You have seen what I did to Egypt, and I carried you upon the wings of eagles and brought you to myself. [§]
Atem reitem asher asiti leMitzrayim va'asa etchem al kanfei nesharim va'avi etchem elay.
'Atem' means 'you (plural)', 'reitem' means 'have seen', 'asher' means 'what/that', 'asiti' means 'I did', 'leMitzrayim' means 'to Egypt', 'va'asa' means 'and I carried', 'etchem' means 'you (object plural)', 'al' means 'upon', 'kanfei' means 'wings of', 'nesharim' means 'eagles', 'va'avi' means 'and I brought', 'elay' means 'to me/myself'.
[EXO.19.5] Now if you will listen to my voice and keep my covenant, you will be My property among all peoples, for all the earth is Mine. [§]
ve'atah im shamoa tishmeu be'koli u'shmartem et britti viheyitem li segulla mikol haamim ki li kol haaretz.
've'atah' means 'now', 'im' means 'if', 'shamoa' means 'you listen', 'tishmeu' means 'you will hear', 'be'koli' means 'to my voice', 'u'shmartem' means 'and you keep', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'britti' means 'my covenant', 'viheyitem' means 'you will be', 'li' means 'to me', 'segulla' means 'possession' or 'property', 'mikol' means 'among all', 'haamim' means 'the peoples', 'ki' means 'for', 'li' means 'to me', 'kol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[EXO.19.6] And you shall be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation; these are the words which you shall speak to the children of Israel. [§]
veatem tihyu-li mamlakhet kohanim ve-goy kadosh ele hadvarim asher tedaber el-bnei Yisrael.
've' means 'and', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'tihyu' means 'you shall be', 'li' means 'to me', 'mamlakhet' means 'kingdom', 'kohanim' means 'priests', 've' again means 'and', 'goy' means 'nation', 'kadosh' means 'holy', 'ele' means 'these', 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'asher' means 'which', 'tedaber' means 'you shall speak', 'el' means 'to', 'bnei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.19.7] And Moses came and called the elders of the people, and he placed before them all these words which Yahveh commanded. [§]
Vayyavo Moshe vayikra leziknei haam vayaseem lifnehhem et kol-hadvarim ha'ele asher tzivahu Yahveh.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'leziknei' means 'to the elders', 'haam' means 'of the people', 'vayaseem' means 'and he placed', 'lifnehhem' means 'before them', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered), 'kol' means 'all', 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'ha'ele' means 'these', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tzivahu' means 'he commanded (him)', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[EXO.19.8] And all the people answered together and said, All that Yahveh has spoken we will do. And Moses reported the words of the people to Yahveh. [§]
Vaya'anu kol ha'am yachdav vayomru kol asher diber Yahveh na'aseh vayashav Moshe et divrei ha'am el Yahveh.
'Vaya'anu' means 'and they answered', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'na'aseh' means 'we will do', 'vayashav' means 'and he reported', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'divrei' means 'the words of', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' again the name of God.
[EXO.19.9] And said Yahveh to Moses, Behold, I am coming to you in the cloud, for that the people may hear my speaking with you, and also in you they will believe forever, and Moses reported the words of the people to Yahveh. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe hinneh anochi ba elekha be'av ha'anan ba'avur yishma ha'am be-dabri imkha vegam-becha ya'aminu le'olam vayagged Moshe et-dibrei ha'am el-Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God (YHVH), 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'hinneh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'ba' means 'am coming', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'be'av' means 'in a cloud', 'ha'anan' means 'the cloud', 'ba'avur' means 'for the purpose that', 'yishma' means 'may hear', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'be-dabri' means 'by my speaking', 'imkha' means 'with you', 'vegam-becha' means 'and also in you', 'ya'aminu' means 'they will believe', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'vayagged' means 'and reported', 'et-dibrei' means 'the words of', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh'.
[EXO.19.10] And Yahveh said to Moses, 'Go to the people and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and they shall put on their garments.' [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Mosheh lek el-haam ve-kidashtam hayom u-mahar ve-kib'su simlotam.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'el-Mosheh' means 'to Moses', 'lek' means 'go', 'el-haam' means 'to the people', 've-kidashtam' means 'and sanctify them', 'hayom' means 'today', 'u-mahar' means 'and tomorrow', 've-kib'su' means 'and they shall clothe themselves', 'simlotam' means 'their garments'.
[EXO.19.11] And they will be established on the third day, because on the third day Yahweh will descend in the sight of all the people upon Mount Sinai. [§]
vehayu nekhonim layom hashlishi ki bayom hashlishi yered Yahweh le'eynei kol ha'am al har Sinai.
'vehayu' means 'and they will be', 'nekhonim' means 'settled' or 'established', 'layom' means 'for the day', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 'ki' means 'because', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'yered' means 'will descend', 'Yahweh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'le'eynei' means 'in the sight of', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'al' means 'upon', 'har' means 'mount', 'Sinai' is the name of the mountain.
[EXO.19.12] And you shall command the people around, saying, Be careful for you to go up the mountain and touch its edge; everyone who touches the mountain shall die. [§]
veheggbalta et ha'am saviv le'emor hishamru lachem alot ba har unegoa bekatzehu kol hanogea ba har mot yumat.
'veheggbalta' means 'and you shall command', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'saviv' means 'around', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hishamru' means 'be careful', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'alot' means 'to go up', 'ba har' means 'the mountain', 'unegoa' means 'and touch', 'bekatzehu' means 'its edge', 'kol' means 'every', 'hanogea' means 'who touches', 'ba har' means 'the mountain', 'mot' means 'death', 'yumat' means 'shall die'.
[EXO.19.13] Do not lay a hand on it, for the beam will be cut or it will be burned; whether beast or man, none will live. In the pulling of the jubilee they will go up the mountain. [§]
Lo tiga bo yad ki sakol yissakel o yaroh yiyareh im behemah im ish lo yichye bimshoch hayovel hem yaalu ba har.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tiga' means 'you touch/lay a hand', 'bo' means 'on it/it', 'yad' means 'hand', 'ki' means 'because', 'sakol' means 'a beam or rod', 'yissakel' means 'it will be cut', 'o' means 'or', 'yaroh' means 'it will be burned', 'yiyareh' means 'it will be scorched', 'im' means 'if', 'behemah' means 'beast', 'im' again 'if', 'ish' means 'man', 'lo' again 'not', 'yichye' means 'will live', 'bimshoch' means 'in the pulling/dragging', 'hayovel' means 'the jubilee', 'hem' means 'they', 'yaalu' means 'will go up', 'ba har' means 'to the mountain'.
[EXO.19.14] And Moses went down from the mountain to the people, and he sanctified the people, and they put on their garments. [§]
Vayered Moshe min ha-har el ha-am vayekadesh et ha-am vayekabsu simlotam.
"Vayered" means "and he went down", "Moshe" means "Moses", "min" means "from", "ha-har" means "the mountain", "el" means "to", "ha-am" means "the people", "vayekadesh" means "and he sanctified", "et" is a direct‑object marker (not translated), "ha-am" again means "the people", "vayekabsu" means "and they clothed" or "they put on", "simlotam" means "their garments".
[EXO.19.15] And he said to the people, they shall be ready for three days; do not approach a woman. [§]
Vayomer el-ha'am hayu nekhonim lishloshet yamim al-tig'shu el-ishah.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'hayu' means 'they shall be', 'nekhonim' means 'ready' or 'prepared', 'lishloshet' means 'for three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'al' means 'not', 'tig'shu' means 'you approach' (you shall not approach), 'el' means 'to', 'ishah' means 'a woman'.
[EXO.19.16] And it was on the third day when the morning came, there were voices and lightning and a heavy cloud upon the mountain, and a very strong trumpet sound, and all the people who were in the camp were terrified. [§]
Vayehi bayom hashlishi bihyot haboker vayehi kolot uvrakim ve'anan kaved al-hahar vekol shofar chazak meod vayecharad kol-haam asher bamachane.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 'bihyot' means 'when becoming' or 'when', 'haboker' means 'the morning', 'vayehi' repeats 'and it was', 'kolot' means 'voices' (plural of voice), 'uvrakim' means 'and lightning', 've'anan' means 'and cloud', 'kaved' means 'heavy', 'al-hahar' means 'upon the mountain', 'vekol' means 'and the sound', 'shofar' means 'trumpet', 'chazak' means 'strong', 'meod' means 'very', 'vayecharad' means 'and was terrified', 'kol-haam' means 'all the people', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'bamachane' means 'in the camp'.
[EXO.19.17] And Moses went out the people to meet the Gods from the camp, and they stood under the mountain. [§]
Vayyotze Moshe et-ha'am liqrat haElohim min ha-machaneh vayittyatzvu be-tachtit ha-har.
"Vayyotze" means "and he went out"; "Moshe" is the name "Moses"; "et-ha'am" means "the people"; "liqrat" means "to meet"; "haElohim" (the word for God in plural) is rendered as "the Gods"; "min" means "from"; "ha-machaneh" means "the camp"; "vayittyatzvu" means "and they stood"; "be-tachtit" means "under"; "ha-har" means "the mountain".
[EXO.19.18] And the mountain Sinai was all smoke because Yahveh descended upon it in fire, and its smoke rose like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain burned greatly. [§]
vehar Sinai ashan kullo mipnei asher yared alav Yahveh ba'esh vayya'al ashanoh ke'eshen hakivshan vayekhered kol-hahar meod.
'vehar' means 'and the mountain', 'Sinai' is the name of the mountain, 'ashan' means 'smoke', 'kullo' means 'all/of it', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yared' means 'descended', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ba'esh' means 'in fire', 'vayya'al' means 'and rose', 'ashanoh' means 'its smoke', 'ke'eshen' means 'like smoke', 'hakivshan' means 'of a furnace', 'vayekhered' means 'and burned', 'kol-hahar' means 'the whole mountain', 'meod' means 'greatly'.
[EXO.19.19] And it was the sound of the trumpet sounding and very strong; Moses spoke, and the Gods answered him with a voice. [§]
Vayehi kol hashofar holekh vechazek meod Moshe yedaber vehaElohim ya'annenoo bekol.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kol' means 'the sound', 'hashofar' means 'of the trumpet', 'holekh' means 'going' or 'sounding', 'vechazek' means 'and very strong', 'meod' means 'very', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'yedaber' means 'spoke', 'vehaElohim' means 'and the Gods', 'ya'annenoo' means 'answered him', 'bekol' means 'with a voice'.
[EXO.19.20] And Yahveh descended upon mount Sinai to the top of the mountain, and Yahveh called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up. [§]
Vayered Yahveh al-har Sinai el-rosh ha-har vayikra Yahveh le-Moshe el-rosh ha-har vayya'al Moshe.
'Vayered' means 'and descended', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'al-har' means 'upon the mountain', 'Sinai' is the name of the mountain, 'el-rosh' means 'to the top', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'le-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'vayya'al' means 'and he went up', 'Moshe' means 'Moses'.
[EXO.19.21] And Yahveh said to Moses, "Go down, the witness among the people, lest they destroy Yahveh to see, and many will fall from us." [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe, Red ha'ed ba'am, pen yeher'su el-Yahveh lirot, ve'naphal mimenu rav.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'Red' is the imperative 'go down', 'ha'ed' means 'the witness', 'ba'am' means 'among the people', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yeher'su' means 'they will destroy', 'el-Yahveh' means 'against Yahveh', 'lirot' means 'to see', 've'naphal' means 'and will fall', 'mimenu' means 'from us', 'rav' means 'many'.
[EXO.19.22] And also the priests who draw near to Yahveh shall be sanctified lest Yahveh burst among them Yahveh. [§]
vegam hakohanim hanigashim el Yahveh yitkaddashu pen yifrotz bahem Yahveh.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'hanigashim' means 'who draw near' (a participle of approach), 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'yitkaddashu' means 'they shall be sanctified', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yifrotz' means 'he will burst' or 'break forth', 'bahem' means 'among them', and the final 'Yahveh' repeats the divine name.
[EXO.19.23] And Moses said to Yahveh, 'The people cannot go up to Mount Sinai, because you testified to us saying, set limits to the mountain and sanctify it.' [§]
Vayomer Moshe el-Yahveh lo yuchal ha'am la'alot el-har Sinai ki attah ha'edota banu le'emor hagvel et-hahar ve'kidash'to.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'lo' means 'not', 'yuchal' means 'can', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'la'alot' means 'to go up', 'el' means 'to', 'har' means 'mountain', 'Sinai' is the name of the mountain, 'ki' means 'because', 'atah' means 'you', 'ha'edota' means 'testified', 'banu' means 'to us', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hagvel' means 'set limits', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha'har' means 'the mountain', 've'kidash'to' means 'and sanctify it'.
[EXO.19.24] And said to him Yahveh, go down, and you shall go up, you, and Aaron with you, and the priests and the people, let not they break in order to ascend to Yahveh lest He cause them to burst. [§]
Vayomer elav Yahveh lekh‑red ve'alita attah ve'aharon immach ve'hakohanim veha'am al yihersu la'alot el Yahveh pen yifrotz bam.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'lekh‑red' means 'go down', 've'alita' means 'and you shall go up', 'attah' means 'you (singular)', 've'aharon' means 'and Aaron', 'immach' means 'with you', 've'hakohanim' means 'and the priests', 'veha'am' means 'and the people', 'al yihersu' means 'let not they destroy/break', 'la'alot' means 'to ascend', 'el Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yifrotz bam' means 'he (the LORD) cause them to burst or break'.
[EXO.19.25] And Moses went down to the people and said to them. [§]
Vayered Moshe el haam vayomer alehem.
'Vayered' means 'and he went down', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them'.
EXO.20
[EXO.20.1] And the Gods spoke all these words, saying: [§]
Vayedaber Elohim et kol-hadvarim ha'ele le'emor.
'Vayedaber' means 'and spoke', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'kol' means 'all', 'ha' means 'the', 'dvarim' means 'words', 'ha'ele' means 'these', 'le'emor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[EXO.20.2] I Yahveh your God who brought you out from the land Egypt from the house of servants. [§]
Anochi Yahveh Elohekha asher hotzeti'kha me'eretz Mitzrayim mi-beit avadim.
'Anochi' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of YHVH, 'Elohekha' means 'your God', 'asher' means 'who', 'hotzeti'kha' means 'brought you out', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'mi-beit' means 'from the house', 'avadim' means 'servants' or 'slaves'.
[EXO.20.3] There will be not for you the Gods other before my face. [§]
Lo yihyeh lekha elohim acherim al panai.
'Lo' means 'not', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'lekha' means 'for you', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'acherim' means 'other', 'al' means 'before' or 'upon', 'panai' means 'my face'.
[EXO.20.4] You shall not make for yourself a carved image and any likeness that is in the heavens above and that is on the earth below and that is in the waters below the earth. [§]
Lo ta'aseh lekha pesel vechol temunah asher bashamayim mimma'al ve'asher baaretz mitachat ve'asher bamayim mitachat laaretz.
'Lo' means 'not', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall make', 'lekha' means 'for yourself', 'pesel' means 'carved image', 'vechol' means 'and any', 'temunah' means 'likeness', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'bashamayim' means 'in the heavens', 'mimma'al' means 'from above', 've'asher' means 'and that/which', 'baaretz' means 'on the earth', 'mitachat' means 'from below', 've'asher' means 'and that/which', 'bamayim' means 'in the waters', 'mitachat' means 'from below', 'laaretz' means 'to the earth'.
[EXO.20.5] You shall not bow down to them and you shall not serve them, for I, Yahveh your God, the jealous God, visits the iniquity of fathers upon children, upon the third and the fourth generations of those who hate me. [§]
Lo tishtachave lahem ve'lo taavdem ki anochi Yahveh Eloheikha El Kana poked avon avot al banim al shileshim ve'al ribim lesonai.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tishtachave' means 'you will bow down', 'lahem' means 'to them', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'taavdem' means 'you will serve them', 'ki' means 'for', 'anochi' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Eloheikha' means 'your God' (with El translated as God), 'El' means 'God', 'Kana' means 'jealous', 'poked' means 'visits' or 'punishes', 'avon' means 'inhumanity' or 'iniquity', 'avot' means 'fathers', 'al' means 'upon', 'banim' means 'children', 'shileshim' means 'the third [generation]', 'ribim' means 'the fourth [generation]', 'lesonai' means 'those who hate me'.
[EXO.20.6] And he shows mercy to thousands, to my lovers, and to those who keep my commandments. [§]
Ve'oseh chesed la'alafim le'ohavai uleshomrei mitzvotai.
'Ve'oseh' means 'and he does' or 'and he shows', 'chesed' means 'lovingkindness' or 'mercy', 'la'alafim' means 'to thousands', 'le'ohavai' means 'to my lovers' or 'to those who love me', 'uleshomrei' means 'and to those who keep' or 'guard', 'mitzvotai' means 'my commandments'.
[EXO.20.7] You shall not take the name of Yahveh your the Gods in vain, for Yahveh will not clear away that which takes his name in vain. [§]
Lo tisha et-shem Yahveh Elohekha lashav ki lo yenakeh Yahveh et asher yisa et-shemo lashav.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tisha' means 'you shall take', 'et-shem' means 'the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohekha' means 'your the Gods' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods'), 'lashav' means 'in vain', 'ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'yenakeh' means 'will clear away', 'asher' means 'that which', 'yisa' means 'takes', 'et-shemo' means 'his name'.
[EXO.20.8] Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. [§]
Zachor et-yom haShabbat leqaddesho.
'Zachor' means 'Remember', 'et' is the object marker, 'yom' means 'day', 'haShabbat' means 'the Sabbath', 'leqaddesho' means 'to sanctify it' or 'to keep it holy'.
[EXO.20.9] Six days you shall work, and you shall do all your labor. [§]
sheshet yamim ta'avod ve'asita kol melakhetecha.
'sheshet' means 'six', 'yamim' means 'days', 'ta'avod' means 'you will work', 've'asita' means 'and you will do', 'kol' means 'all', 'melakhetecha' means 'your work' (the suffix -kha indicates 'your').
[EXO.20.10] And the seventh day is Sabbath to Yahveh your the Gods; you shall not do any work, you, your son, your daughter, your servant, your maid, your livestock, and your stranger who is in your gates. [§]
ve-yom ha-shvi'i shabbat la-Yahveh Eloheikha lo-ta'aseh kol-melakha atah u-venkha u-vittekha avdekhah v'amatekha u-vehemtekha ve-gerkha asher bi-sh'areikha.
've-yom' means 'and the day', 'ha-shvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'shabbat' means 'Sabbath', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHVH translated as Yahveh), 'Eloheikha' means 'your the Gods' (Elohim translated as the Gods), 'lo-ta'aseh' means 'you shall not do', 'kol-melakha' means 'any work', 'atah' means 'you', 'u-venkha' means 'and your son', 'u-vittekha' means 'and your daughter', 'avdekhah' means 'your servant', 'v'amatekha' means 'and your maid', 'u-vehemtekha' means 'and your livestock', 've-gerkha' means 'and your stranger', 'asher' means 'who', 'bi-sh'areikha' means 'in your gates'.
[EXO.20.11] Because six days Yahveh made the heavens and the earth and the sea and everything in them, and rested on the seventh day; therefore Yahveh blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. [§]
ki sheshet yamim asah Yahveh et ha-shamayim ve-et ha-aretz et ha-yam ve-et kol asher bam ve-yanach ba-yom ha-shevi'i al ken berach Yahveh et yom ha-Shabbat ve-yikaddesehu.
'ki' means 'because', 'sheshet yamim' means 'six days', 'asah' means 'made', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 've-et' means 'and', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'ha-yam' means 'the sea', 'kol asher bam' means 'everything that is in them', 've-yanach' means 'and rested', 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-shevi'i' means 'the seventh', 'al ken' means 'therefore', 'berach' means 'blessed', 'yom ha-Shabbat' means 'the Sabbath day', 've-yikaddesehu' means 'and made it holy'.
[EXO.20.12] Honor your father and your mother, in order that they will lengthen your days upon the land which Yahveh your Gods gives you. [§]
Kabbed et avikha ve et immekha lema'an ya'arichun yamekha al ha'adamah asher Yahveh elohikha noten lekha.
'Kabbed' means 'Honor', 'et' is the direct object marker 'the', 'avikha' means 'your father', 've' means 'and', 'immekha' means 'your mother', 'lema'an' means 'in order that', 'ya'arichun' means 'they will lengthen', 'yamekha' means 'your days', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha'adamah' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'elohikha' means 'your God' rendered as 'your Gods', 'noten' means 'gives', 'lekha' means 'to you'.
[EXO.20.13] Do not kill. [§]
Lo tirtzach.
'Lo' means 'not' or 'do not', 'tirtzach' is the second person singular masculine future form of the verb 'to kill' or 'to murder', literally 'you will kill'.
[EXO.20.14] Do not commit adultery. [§]
Lo tinaf
'Lo' means 'not', 'tinaf' is a verb meaning 'you shall commit adultery' (second person masculine singular, future negative). The final character ס is a Masoretic paragraph marker and is not part of the spoken text.
[EXO.20.15] You shall not steal. [§]
Lo tignov.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tignov' is the second‑person masculine singular imperfect form of the verb meaning 'to steal', used here in a negative command. The final character 's' is a scribal sign and does not affect the meaning.
[EXO.20.16] You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. [§]
Lo taaneh v'reeacha ed shaker.
'Lo' means 'not', 'taaneh' means 'you shall answer' or 'give testimony', 'v'reeacha' means 'against your neighbor', 'ed' means 'witness', 'shaker' means 'false'.
[EXO.20.17] You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, his male slave, his female slave, his ox, his donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor. [§]
Lo tachmod beit re'echa lo tachmod eshet re'echa ve'avdo ve'amato ve'shoro ve'hamoro vechol asher le'reecha.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tachmod' means 'you shall covet', 'beit' means 'house', 're'echa' means 'your neighbor's', 'eshet' means 'wife', 've'avdo' means 'and his male slave', 've'amato' means 'and his female slave', 've'shoro' means 'and his ox', 've'hamoro' means 'and his donkey', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'le'reecha' means 'belongs to your neighbor'.
[EXO.20.18] And all the people saw the trumpets and the lamps and the sound of the shofar and the mountain smoke, and the people saw and were terrified and they stood from a distance. [§]
ve-khol ha'am ro'im et ha-qolot ve-et ha-lappidim ve-et kol ha-shofar ve-et ha-har ashen vayyar ha'am vayanu'u vayamdu me-rachok.
've-khol' means 'and all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ro'im' means 'see' (plural), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-qolot' means 'the trumpets', 've-et' means 'and', 'ha-lappidim' means 'the lamps', 've-et' again means 'and', 'kol' means 'the sound', 'ha-shofar' means 'of the shofar', 've-et' means 'and', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'ashen' means 'smoke', 'vayyar' means 'and saw', 'ha'am' again 'the people', 'vayanu'u' means 'and were terrified', 'vayamdu' means 'and stood', 'me-rachok' means 'from a distance'.
[EXO.20.19] And they said to Moses, Speak you with us, and we will hear, and let not the Gods speak with us lest we die. [§]
Vayomru el-Moshe daber-atah imanu v'nishma v'al yedaber imanu Elohim pen namut.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'daber-atah' means 'you speak', 'imanu' means 'with us', 'v'nishma' means 'and we will hear', 'v'al' means 'and let not', 'yedaber' means 'speak', 'imanu' again means 'with us', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'pen' means 'lest', 'namut' means 'we die'.
[EXO.20.20] And Moses said to the people, Do not be afraid, because for the purpose of testing you the Gods have come, and that his fear may be upon your faces so that you will not sin. [§]
Vayomer Moshe el haam al tira'u ki levavur nasot etchem ba haElohim uva'avur tiheye yirato al penechem levilti techeta'u.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'al tirau' means 'do not be afraid', 'ki' means 'because', 'levavur' means 'for the purpose of', 'nasot' means 'testing', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'ba' means 'has come', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'uva'avur' means 'and for the purpose of', 'tiheye' means 'will be', 'yirato' means 'his fear', 'al penechem' means 'upon your faces', 'levilti' means 'so that not', 'techeta'u' means 'you sin'.
[EXO.20.21] And the people stood far off, and Moses approached the thick darkness where the Gods were. [§]
Vay'amod ha'am merachok uMosheh nigash el ha'arafel asher sham haElohim.
'Vay'amod' means 'and (he) stood', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'merachok' means 'far off', 'uMosheh' means 'and Moses', 'nigash' means 'approached', 'el' means 'to/near', 'ha'arafel' means 'the thick darkness', 'asher' means 'that/where', 'sham' means 'there', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the name Elohim).
[EXO.20.22] And Yahweh said to Moses, Thus you shall say to the children of Israel: You have seen, for I have spoken with you from the heavens. [§]
Vayomer Yahweh el-Moshe koh tomar el-benei Yisrael atem reitem ki min-hashamayim dibarti imachem.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahweh' is the personal name of God, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'koh' means 'thus', 'tomar' means 'you shall say', 'el-benei Yisrael' means 'to the children of Israel', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'reitem' means 'you have seen', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'min-hashamayim' means 'from the heavens', 'dibarti' means 'I spoke', 'imachem' means 'with you'.
[EXO.20.23] Do not make with me the Gods of silver and the Gods of gold; do not do for you. [§]
Lo taashun iti elohi kesef veelohei zahav lo taasu lachem.
'Lo' means 'not', 'taashun' means 'you (plural) shall make', 'iti' means 'with me', 'elohi' is the construct form of 'elohim' meaning 'the Gods', so 'elohi kesef' means 'the Gods of silver', 've' means 'and', 'elohi zahav' means 'the Gods of gold', 'lo' again means 'not', 'taasu' means 'you shall do', and 'lachem' means 'for you (plural)'.
[EXO.20.24] You shall make an earth altar for me, and you shall sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and your peace offerings, your flock and your cattle, in every place that I mention my name, I will come to you and I will bless you. [§]
mizbeach adamah taaseh li ve'zavachta alav et olotecha ve'et shelamecha et tzoanecha ve'et beqarecha bechol hamakom asher azkir et shemi avo eilecha u'verakticha.
'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'adamah' means 'earth' or 'ground', 'taaseh' means 'you shall make', 'li' means 'for me', 've'zavachta' means 'and you shall sacrifice', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'olotecha' means 'your burnt offerings', 've'et' means 'and', 'shelmache' means 'your peace offerings', 'tzoanecha' means 'your flock', 'beqarecha' means 'your cattle', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'hamakom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'azkir' means 'I shall mention', 'shemi' means 'my name', 'avo' means 'I will come', 'eilecha' means 'to you', 'u'verakticha' means 'and I will bless you'.
[EXO.20.25] And if you make a stone altar for me, do not build them as a he‑goat, for your sword has fallen upon it and you have profaned it. [§]
Ve'im mizbeach avanim ta'aseh-li lo-tivne ethen gazit ki charvecha henaf'ta al-yeha vatechal'leha.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'avanim' means 'stones', 'ta'aseh-li' means 'you shall make for me', 'lo-tivne' means 'do not build', 'ethen' means 'them', 'gazit' means 'a he‑goat', 'ki' means 'for', 'charvecha' means 'your sword', 'henaf'ta' means 'has fallen', 'al-yeha' means 'upon it', 'vatechal'leha' means 'and you have profaned it'.
[EXO.20.26] And you shall not go up the steps of my altar, nor shall you uncover your nakedness upon it. [§]
Ve lo taaleh bema'alot al mizbechi asher lo tigaleh ervatecha alav.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'taaleh' means 'you shall go up', 'be' means 'on', 'ma'alot' means 'steps', 'al' means 'upon', 'mizbechi' means 'my altar', 'asher' means 'which', 'lo' means 'not', 'tigaleh' means 'you shall uncover', 'ervatecha' means 'your nakedness', 'alav' means 'upon it'.
EXO.21
[EXO.21.1] And these are the judgments that you shall set before them. [§]
ve'eleh ha mishpatim asher tashim lifneihem.
've' means 'and', 'eleh' means 'these', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'mishpatim' means 'judgments' or 'laws', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'tashim' means 'you shall set' (second person masculine singular future), 'lifneihem' means 'before them'.
[EXO.21.2] When you purchase a Hebrew slave, he shall serve six years, and in the seventh he shall go out free, without payment. [§]
Ki tikne evod ivri shesh shanim yaavod uvashevaith yetze lahafshi chinam.
'Ki' means 'when', 'tikne' means 'you purchase' or 'you buy', 'evod' means 'slave', 'ivri' means 'Hebrew', 'shesh' means 'six', 'shanim' means 'years', 'yaavod' means 'he will work', 'uvashevaith' means 'and in the seventh', 'yetze' means 'he will go out', 'lahafshi' means 'to freedom' or 'free', 'chinam' means 'without payment'.
[EXO.21.3] If he comes into his lap, he will go out of his lap; if he is a husband, his wife will go out with him. [§]
Im begappo yavo begappo yetzeh im baal isha hu veyatzeh ishto immo.
'Im' means 'if', 'be...po' means 'in his lap', 'yavo' means 'he will come', 'yetzeh' means 'he will go out', 'baal' means 'husband' or 'owner', 'isha' means 'woman' or 'wife', 'hu' means 'he', 'veyatzeh' means 'and she will go out', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'immo' means 'with him'. The phrase 'in his lap' is an idiom for being within someone's care or possession.
[EXO.21.4] If his master gives him a woman and she bears him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to his master, and he shall go out with his own herd. [§]
Im adonav yitten lo isha veyaldah lo banim o banot haisha vyladeha tihyeh laadoneha vehu yetze begappo.
'Im' means 'if', 'adonav' means 'his master', 'yitten' means 'gives', 'lo' means 'to him', 'isha' means 'woman', 'veyaldah' means 'and she bears', 'banim' means 'sons', 'o' means 'or', 'banot' means 'daughters', 'haisha' means 'the woman', 'vyladeha' means 'and her children', 'tihyeh' means 'shall be', 'laadoneha' means 'to his master', 'vehU' means 'and he', 'yetze' means 'will go out', 'begappo' means 'with his back/own herd'.
[EXO.21.5] And if the servant says, 'I have loved my Lord, my wife, and my children; I will not go free.' [§]
Ve-im amar yomar ha'oved ahavti et-Adoni et-ishti ve-et-bani lo etze chafshi.
'Ve-im' means 'and if'; 'amar' means 'he says'; 'yomar' means 'he will say'; 'ha'oved' means 'the servant'; 'ahavti' means 'I have loved'; 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated); 'Adoni' means 'my Lord'; 'ishti' means 'my wife'; 've-et' means 'and (the)'; 'bani' means 'my children'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'etze' means 'I will go out'; 'chafshi' means 'free' or 'unrestricted'.
[EXO.21.6] And his Lord brought him near the Gods, and he brought him near the door or the hinge, and his Lord struck his ear in the killing, and his servant forever. [§]
vehiggisho adonav el haelohim vehiggisho el hadelet o el hamezuzah veratza adonav et azno bamartse'a veavado leolam.
'vehiggisho' means 'and he brought near him', 'adonav' means 'his Lord', 'el' means 'God', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods', 'vehiggisho' again means 'and he brought near him', 'el' means 'to', 'hadelet' means 'the door', 'o' means 'or', 'el' means 'to', 'hamezuzah' means 'the hinge', 'veratza' means 'and he struck', 'adonav' again 'his Lord', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'azno' means 'his ear', 'bamartse'a' means 'in the killing/slaughter', 'veavado' means 'and his servant', 'leolam' means 'forever'.
[EXO.21.7] And if a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the slaves go out. [§]
veki yimkor ish et-bito le'ama lo te'tze kets'et ha'avadim.
'veki' means 'and if', 'yimkor' means 'shall sell', 'ish' means 'a man', 'et-bito' means 'his daughter' (literally 'the [object] his daughter'), 'le'ama' means 'as a slave', 'lo' means 'not', 'te'tze' means 'shall go out', 'kets'et' means 'as the going out of', 'ha'avadim' means 'the slaves'.
[EXO.21.8] If evil is in the eyes of her Lord, which he has not appointed, and he redeems her to a foreign people, he will not rule over her sale by his betrayal. [§]
im raah be'einei adoneha asher lo ye'adah vehefdah le'am nachri lo yimshol lemachrah bivgado-bah.
'im' means 'if', 'raah' means 'evil' or 'harm', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'adoneha' means 'her Lord' (Adonai = my Lord, here with a feminine suffix), 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'lo' means 'not', 'ye'adah' means 'he appointed' or 'he set', 'vehefdah' means 'and he redeems her', 'le'am' means 'to a people', 'nachri' means 'foreign' or 'strange', 'lo' means 'not', 'yimshol' means 'will rule' or 'will govern', 'lemachrah' means 'for her sale', 'bivgado-bah' means 'by his betrayal' (bivgad = in his treachery, bah = her).
[EXO.21.9] And if his son is appointed for her, as the judgment of the daughters, he will do (the same) for her. [§]
Ve'im libno yi'adena ke-mishpat habanot ya'aseh-la.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'li' means 'to his', 'bno' means 'son', 'yi'adena' means 'he will set apart for her' or 'he will appoint for her', 'ke' is a prefix meaning 'as', 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'habanot' means 'the daughters', 'ya'aseh' means 'he will do', 'la' means 'for her'.
[EXO.21.10] If another takes for him her remainder, her covering, and her sustenance, he will not tear it away. [§]
Im acheret yikach lo shearah kisutah veonatah lo yigr'a.
'Im' means 'if', 'acheret' means 'another' or 'else', 'yikach' means 'will take', 'lo' means 'for him', 'shearah' means 'her remainder' or 'her portion', 'kisuta' means 'her covering', 'veonatah' means 'and her sustenance/answer', 'lo' means 'not', 'yigr'a' means 'will tear away' or 'strip'.
[EXO.21.11] And if three of these will not make it for it, and it will go out free, there is no silver. [§]
Ve'im shlosh eleh lo yaaseh lah veyatzeh chinam ein kasef.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'shlosh' means 'three', 'eleh' means 'these', 'lo' means 'not', 'yaaseh' means 'will make/ do', 'lah' means 'for it/her', 'veyatzeh' means 'and it will go out', 'chinam' means 'free, without charge', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'kasef' means 'silver' or 'money'. The final letter 'ס' is a masoretic marker and does not affect the meaning.
[EXO.21.12] A blow to a man brings death; he shall die. [§]
Makkeh ish va-met mot yumat.
'Makkeh' means 'a blow' or 'strike', 'ish' means 'man', 'va-' is the conjunction 'and', 'met' means 'dies' or 'death', 'mot' means 'death', 'yumat' is a future verb meaning 'he shall die'.
[EXO.21.13] And which was not righteous and the gods indeed [are] in his hand, and I will place for you a place where he will flee. [§]
vaashar lo tsadah vehaelohim inna leyado vesamti lecha maqom asher yanus shammah.
'vaashar' means 'and which', 'lo' means 'not', 'tsadah' means 'righteous' (negated => 'was not righteous'), 'vehaelohim' means 'and the gods', 'inna' is an emphatic particle meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly', 'leyado' means 'in his hand', 'vesamti' means 'and I will place', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'maqom' means 'a place', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yanus' means 'will flee', 'shammah' means 'there'.
[EXO.21.14] And if a man is old against his neighbor to kill him by deceit, from my altar you shall take him to die. [§]
veki-yezid ish al-re'ehu le-hargó be'armah me'im mizbechi tikachenoo lamut.
'veki' means 'and if', 'yezid' means 'becomes old' or 'is old', 'ish' means 'a man', 'al' means 'against' or 'over', 're'ehu' means 'his neighbor', 'le-hargó' means 'to kill him', 'be'armah' means 'by deceit', 'me'im' means 'from', 'mizbechi' means 'my altar', 'tikachenoo' means 'you shall take him', 'lamut' means 'to die'.
[EXO.21.15] And the one who strikes his father and his mother shall die. [§]
u-makkeh aviv ve-imo mot yumat
'u' means 'and', 'makkeh' means 'strikes' (present active participle), 'aviv' means 'his father', 've' means 'and', 'imo' means 'his mother', 'mot' means 'death', 'yumat' means 'he shall die'.
[EXO.21.16] And a thief, a man, and his merchandise, and if it is found in his hand, he shall die. [§]
ve-gonev ish u-mecharo ve-nimtza be-yado mot yumat.
've-gonev' means 'and thief', 'ish' means 'a man', 'u-mecharo' means 'and his merchandise/sale', 've-nimtza' means 'and it is found', 'be-yado' means 'in his hand', 'mot' means 'death', 'yumat' means 'he shall die'.
[EXO.21.17] And whoever curses his father and his mother shall die. [§]
u-mekallel aviv ve'imo mot yumat.
'u' means 'and', 'mekallel' means 'curses', 'aviv' means 'his father', 've' means 'and', 'imo' means 'his mother', 'mot' means 'death', 'yumat' means 'shall die'.
[EXO.21.18] If men quarrel and a man strikes his companion with a stone or with a club, and does not die but falls to the ground. [§]
veki-y'ribun anashim ve-hika ish et re'ehu be'evan o be'egrof velo yamut ve-naphal le-mishkav.
'veki' means 'and if', 'y'ribun' means 'they will quarrel', 'anashim' means 'men', 've' means 'and', 'hika' means 'he will strike', 'ish' means 'a man', 'et' is the direct object marker, 're'ehu' means 'his companion', 'be'evan' means 'with a stone', 'o' means 'or', 'be'egrof' means 'with a club', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yamet' means 'will die', 've' means 'and', 'naphal' means 'will fall', 'le-mishkav' means 'to the ground' or 'to a lying place'.
[EXO.21.19] If he arises and walks outside upon its suspension and the blow is pure, only its return he will give and he will heal. [§]
Im yaqum ve'hithalek bachutz al mish'aneto ve'nikkah hamakkeh rak shivto yiten ve'rapo yerape.
'Im' means 'if', 'yaqum' means 'he will arise', 'vehithalek' means 'and he will walk', 'bachutz' means 'outside', 'al' means 'upon', 'mish'aneto' means 'its suspension' (from mish'an meaning 'hanger' or 'suspension'), 'venikkah' means 'and shall be pure', 'hamakkeh' means 'the blow' or 'the striking one', 'rak' means 'only', 'shivto' means 'its return' or 'its sitting', 'yiten' means 'he will give', 've'rapo' means 'and heal', 'yerape' means 'he will heal'.
[EXO.21.20] And if a man strikes his slave or his female slave with a staff, and he dies under his hand, vengeance shall be avenged. [§]
vechi yakke ish et avdo o et amato bashevet u-met tachat yado nakom yinakem.
'vechi' means 'and if', 'yakke' means 'he strikes', 'ish' means 'man', 'et' is a direct object marker with no direct English equivalent, 'avdo' means 'his slave' or 'his servant', 'o' means 'or', 'amato' means 'his female slave', 'bashevet' means 'with a staff' or 'with a rod', 'u-met' means 'and he dies', 'tachat' means 'under', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'nakom' means 'revenge', 'yinakem' means 'shall be avenged' or 'will take vengeance'.
[EXO.21.21] Only if a day or two days he stands, he will not arise, because his silver is his. [§]
ach im yom o yomayim yaamod lo yukam ki kaspo hu
'ach' means 'only', 'im' means 'if', 'yom' means 'a day', 'o' means 'or', 'yomayim' means 'two days', 'yaamod' means 'he will stand', 'lo' means 'not', 'yukam' means 'will arise', 'ki' means 'because', 'kaspo' means 'his silver', 'hu' means 'it/he'.
[EXO.21.22] And if men stumble and strike a pregnant woman and her children are born and there will be no trouble, punishment will be inflicted as one who places it upon the husband of the woman and he will give curses. [§]
Vechi yinatsu anashim venagfu isha harah veyatsu yeladeha velo yihye ason anosh yeanesh ka'asher yashit alav ba'al ha'isha venatan biflim.
'Vechi' means 'and if', 'yinatsu' means 'they will stumble', 'anashim' means 'men', 'venagfu' means 'and they strike', 'isha' means 'woman', 'harah' means 'pregnant', 'veyatsu' means 'and (she) will give birth', 'yeladeha' means 'her children', 'velo' means 'and not' or 'there will be no', 'yihye' means 'will be', 'ason' means 'trouble' or 'misfortune', 'anosh' means 'punishment', 'yeanesh' means 'will be punished', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'yashit' means 'he sets' or 'he places', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'ba'al' means 'husband' or 'owner', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'venatan' means 'and he will give', 'biflim' means 'curses' or 'damning words'.
[EXO.21.23] And if wickedness shall be, you shall give a life for a life. [§]
ve'im ason yihyeh ve'natata nefesh tachat nafesh.
've'im' means 'and if', 'ason' means 'wickedness' or 'evil', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be' or 'will be', 've'natata' means 'and you will give', 'nefesh' means 'soul' or 'life', 'tachat' means 'under' or 'in place of', the second 'nafesh' again means 'soul' or 'life'.
[EXO.21.24] Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. [§]
Ayin tahat ayin shin tahat shin yad tahat yad regel tahat regel.
'Ayin' means 'eye', 'tahat' means 'under' but in this idiom conveys the sense of 'for' or 'in return', 'shin' means 'tooth', 'yad' means 'hand', 'regel' means 'foot'. The repetitive pattern emphasizes reciprocal justice.
[EXO.21.25] As for Kviya, under Kviya; burst, under burst; association, under association. (S) [§]
Kviya techat Kviya petzah techat petzah chaburah techat chaburah. S
'Kviya' is a Hebrew word that can function as a demonstrative meaning 'as for' or a proper name; here it is treated as a noun. 'techat' means 'under' or 'below'. 'petzah' means 'burst', 'break', or 'splinter'. 'chaburah' means 'association', 'group', or 'companionship'. The final 'S' is a scribal sign indicating the close of the verse.
[EXO.21.26] And if a man strikes the eye of his slave or the eye of his wife and destroys it, he shall set him free as a free man under his eye. [§]
Ve-chi ya-cheh ish et ein av-do ve-et ein a-ma-to ve-shi-cha-ta le-chof-shi ye-sha-le-che-nu ta chat ein-o.
'Ve-chi' means 'And if', 'ya-cheh' means 'strikes', 'ish' means 'a man', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ein' means 'eye', 'av-do' means 'of his slave', 've-et' means 'and the', 'ein' again 'eye', 'a-ma-to' means 'of his wife', 've-shi-cha-ta' means 'and destroys it', 'le-chof-shi' means 'as a free man', 'ye-sha-le-che-nu' means 'he shall let him go', 'ta chat' means 'under', 'ein-o' means 'his eye'.
[EXO.21.27] And if his servant's tooth, or his mother's tooth, brings him down, I will set him free beneath his tooth. [§]
Ve'im shen avdo o shen amatoh yafil lachafshi yeshallche-nu tachat shino.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'shen' means 'tooth', 'avdo' means 'his servant', 'o' means 'or', 'shen' again means 'tooth', 'amatoh' means 'his mother', 'yafil' means 'will cause to fall' or 'will bring down', 'lachafshi' means 'to my liberty' (or 'for my freedom'), 'yeshallche-nu' means 'he will release him' (lit. 'will send him free'), 'tachat' means 'under', 'shino' means 'his tooth'.
[EXO.21.28] And if an ox gores a man or a woman and dies, the ox shall be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten, and the owner of the ox shall be innocent. [§]
veki-yigach shor et ish o et ishah va-met saqol yisakel hash shor ve-lo ye'akel et besaro uval hash shor naki.
'veki-yigach' means 'and if', 'shor' means 'ox', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'ish' means 'man', 'o' means 'or', 'ishah' means 'woman', 'va-met' means 'and dies', 'saqol' means 'stoned', 'yisakel' means 'shall be stoned', 'hash shor' means 'the ox', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'ye'akel' means 'shall be eaten', 'et' again the accusative marker, 'besaro' means 'its flesh', 'uval' means 'and the owner', 'hash shor' again 'of the ox', 'naki' means 'innocent' or 'clean'.
[EXO.21.29] And if an ox broken it is struck yesterday and still in his master and not he will guard him and kills a man or a woman the ox will be cut off and also in his master will die. [§]
ve'im shor nagach hu mitmol shilshom vehu'ad bi-be'alav velo yishmerenhu vehemit ish o isha ha-shor yisakel ve-gam be-alav yumat.
've'im' means 'and if', 'shor' means 'ox', 'nagach' means 'broken' or 'injured', 'hu' means 'he/it', 'mitmol' means 'is struck' (literal sense uncertain), 'shilshom' means 'yesterday', 'vehu'ad' means 'and still', 'bi-be'alav' means 'in his master/owner', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yishmerenhu' means 'will guard him', 'vehemit' means 'and kills', 'ish' means 'man', 'o' means 'or', 'isha' means 'woman', 'ha-shor' means 'the ox', 'yisakel' means 'will be cut off', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'be-alav' means 'in his master/owner', 'yumat' means 'will die'.
[EXO.21.30] If a covering is placed upon it and he gives redemption for his soul just as everything that is placed upon it. [§]
Im kofar yushat alav ve'natan pidyon nafsho ke'kol asher yushat alav.
'Im' means 'if'; 'kofar' means 'cover' or 'covering'; 'yushat' is a verb meaning 'will be placed' or 'will be set'; 'alav' means 'upon it'; 've'natan' means 'and he will give' or 'and he will grant'; 'pidyon' means 'redemption' or 'ransom'; 'nafsho' means 'his soul'; 'ke'kol' means 'as all' or 'like all'; 'asher' means 'that which' or 'that which is'; the second 'yushat' repeats the verb 'will be placed'; the final 'alav' repeats 'upon it'. The sentence therefore says that if a covering is placed on something, and he grants redemption for his soul in the same way as everything that is placed on it.
[EXO.21.31] Or a son shall be cut off, or a daughter shall be cut off; as this judgment, it shall be done for him. [§]
O-ven yigach o-bat yigach kamishpat hazeh ye'aseh lo.
'O' means 'or', 'ven' means 'son', 'yigach' means 'shall be cut', 'o' (second) means 'or', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'yigach' again means 'shall be cut', 'ka' means 'as', 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'ha' means 'the', 'zeh' means 'this', 'ye'aseh' means 'shall be made' or 'shall be done', 'lo' means 'for him'.
[EXO.21.32] If a servant drives the ox or a donkey, he shall give thirty silver shekels to his lord, and the ox shall be taken. [§]
Im eved yigach hashor o amah kesef sheloshim shekalm yiten la'adonav vehashor yisakel.
'Im' means 'if', 'eved' means 'servant', 'yigach' means 'drives' or 'pushes', 'hashor' means 'the ox', 'o' means 'or', 'amah' means 'a donkey (female)', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'sheloshim' means 'thirty', 'shekalm' means 'shekels (weight)', 'yiten' means 'he will give', 'la'adonav' means 'to his lord', 'vehashor' means 'and the ox', 'yisakel' means 'will be taken' or 'impounded'.
[EXO.21.33] And if a man opens a pit or if a man makes a pit and does not cover it, an ox or a donkey will fall there. [§]
veki yiftach ish bor o ki yichreh ish bor ve lo yekhasenu ve naphal shamah shor o chamor.
'veki' means 'and if', 'yiftach' means 'opens', 'ish' means 'a man', 'bor' means 'a pit', 'o' means 'or', 'ki' means 'if', 'yichreh' means 'digs' or 'makes a pit', 'bor' again means 'a pit', 've lo' means 'and does not', 'yekhasenu' means 'covers it', 've naphal' means 'and falls', 'shamah' means 'there', 'shor' means 'an ox', 'o' means 'or', 'chamor' means 'a donkey'.
[EXO.21.34] The owner of the pit shall pay silver, he will return it to its owner, and the dead shall be his. [§]
Ba'al ha-bor yeshalem kesef yashiv li-vo alav ve-hamet yihyeh lo.
'Ba'al' means 'owner' or 'master'. 'ha-bor' means 'the pit'. 'yeshalem' means 'will pay' or 'will repay'. 'kesef' means 'silver' or 'money'. 'yashiv' means 'will return' or 'will give back'. 'li-vo alav' means 'to its owner' (li = to, vo = its, alav = owner/master). 've-hamet' means 'and the dead'. 'yihyeh lo' means 'will be his' or 'shall belong to him'.
[EXO.21.35] And if a man strikes another man's ox and it dies, they sell the living ox, divide its money, and also divide the dead. [§]
veki-yigof sor-ish et-sor re'ehu vamat u-makru et-hasor hachai vechatzu et-kaspo vegam et-hamet yechetsun
'veki' means 'and if', 'yigof' means 'will strike' or 'will bruise', 'sor' means 'ox', 'ish' means 'man', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'sor' (again) means 'ox', 're'ehu' means 'of his companion' (i.e., another man's), 'vamat' means 'and it dies', 'u-makru' means 'and they sold', 'et' is the object marker, 'ha-sor' means 'the ox', 'ha-chai' means 'the living', 'vechatzu' means 'and they divided', 'et' is the object marker, 'kaspo' means 'his money', 'vegam' means 'also', 'et' is the object marker, 'ha-met' means 'the dead', 'yechetsun' means 'they will divide'.
[EXO.21.36] Or it shall be known that the ox, roaring, is from yesterday the third day, and he will not guard it in its owner; payment will be made, ox under the ox, and the dead will be his. [§]
O noda ki shor nagach hu mitmol shilshom ve'lo yishmerenhu be'alav shalem yeshalem shor tahat hashor vehamet yihyeh-lo.
'O' means 'or', 'noda' means 'will be known', 'ki' means 'that', 'shor' means 'ox' or 'bull', 'nagach' means 'roaring' or 'shouting', 'hu' means 'he', 'mitmol' means 'from yesterday', 'shilshom' means 'the third day' or 'three days ago', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yishmerenhu' means 'he will guard it', 'be'alav' means 'in its owner', 'shalem' means 'payment' or 'compensation', 'yeshalem' means 'he will pay', 'shor' again means 'ox', 'tahat' means 'under', 'hashor' means 'the ox', 'vehamet' means 'and the dead', 'yihyeh-lo' means 'will be his'.
[EXO.21.37] If a man steals an ox or a sheep and kills it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for the ox and four sheep for the sheep. [§]
ki yignov ish shor o-seh u-tvoho ve-mechro chamisha bakar yeshlem tachat ha-shor ve-arba tson tachat ha-seh.
'ki' means 'because' or 'if', 'yignov' means 'steals', 'ish' means 'a man', 'shor' means 'an ox', 'o' means 'or', 'seh' means 'a sheep', 'u-tvoho' means 'and kills it', 've-mechro' means 'or sells it', 'chamisha' means 'five', 'bakar' means 'oxen', 'yeshlem' means 'he shall pay', 'tachat' means 'in place of' or 'for', 'ha-shor' means 'the ox', 've-arba' means 'and four', 'tson' means 'sheep', 'tachat' means 'in place of', 'ha-seh' means 'the sheep'.
EXO.22
[EXO.22.1] If in the pit the thief is found and is struck and dies, there is no blood for him. [§]
Im ba-machteret yimma'tse ha-ganav ve'hukkah va-met ein lo damim.
'Im' means 'if', 'ba-machteret' means 'in the pit', 'yimma'tse' means 'will be found', 'ha-ganav' means 'the thief', 've'hukkah' means 'and (he) is struck', 'va-met' means 'and (he) dies', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'lo' means 'for him', 'damim' means 'blood'.
[EXO.22.2] If the sun rises upon him, blood is his; he will make full payment, if he has none, and he will be sold for his theft. [§]
Im zarcha hashemesh alav damim lo shalem yishalem im ein lo ve-nimkar bigneivato.
'Im' means 'if', 'zarcha' means 'rises' (from the verb zarach), 'hashemesh' means 'the sun', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'damim' means 'blood' (plural form used idiomatically for 'bloodshed'), 'lo' means 'to him' or 'his', 'shalem' means 'full' or 'complete', 'yishalem' means 'he will pay' or 'he will make full payment', 'ein' means 'none' or 'not', 've-nimkar' means 'and he will be sold', 'bigneivato' means 'by his theft' (from the root g-n-v meaning theft).
[EXO.22.3] If a thief is found, the theft in his hand—whether it be from an ox, a donkey, a sheep, or a life—he shall pay double. [§]
Im himtze timtze beyado hagnabah mishor ad-chamor ad-se chayim shnayim yeshalem.
'Im' means 'if'; 'himtze' means 'is found'; 'timtze' means 'you will find' (or repeats the condition); 'beyado' means 'in his hand'; 'hagnabah' means 'the theft' or 'the robbery'; 'mishor' means 'from an ox'; 'ad-chamor' means 'to a donkey'; 'ad-se' means 'to a sheep'; 'chayim' means 'life'; 'shnayim' means 'two' or 'double'; 'yeshalem' means 'he shall pay'.
[EXO.22.4] Because a man burns a field or a vineyard and sends the fire and it burns another field, better than his own field and better than his vineyard he shall pay. [§]
Ki yabe'er ish sadeh o-kerem ve-shilach et-be'iro u-vi'er bisde acher meyitav sadehu u-meyitav karmo yeshalem.
'Ki' means 'Because', 'yabe'er' means 'he burns', 'ish' means 'a man', 'sadeh' means 'field', 'o' means 'or', 'kerem' means 'vineyard', 've-shilach' means 'and sends', 'et-be'iro' means 'the fire', 'u-vi'er' means 'and burns', 'bisde' means 'in a field', 'acher' means 'another', 'meyitav' means 'better than', 'sadehu' means 'his field', 'u-meyitav' means 'better than', 'karmo' means 'his vineyard', 'yeshalem' means 'he shall repay' or 'he shall pay'.
[EXO.22.5] Because fire will go out and fill the thorns, and the pestle will be eaten, or the ascent, or the field will be made whole; the kindler will repay the burning. [§]
Ki tetze esh u-matzah kotzim v'ne'ekhal gadish o ha-kamah o ha-sadeh shalem yeshalem ha-maber et ha-beera.
'Ki' means 'because', 'tetze' means 'will go out' or 'will come forth', 'esh' means 'fire', 'u-matzah' means 'and will fill' or 'and will be filled', 'kotzim' means 'thorns', 'v'ne'ekhal' means 'and will be eaten', 'gadish' means 'pestle' or 'mortar', 'o' means 'or', 'ha-kamah' means 'the ascent' or 'the rising', 'o' again means 'or', 'ha-sadeh' means 'the field', 'shalem' means 'complete' or 'whole', 'yeshalem' means 'will repay' or 'will make whole', 'ha-maber' means 'the kindler' or 'the one who sets fire', 'et' is the direct object marker, and 'ha-beera' means 'the burning' or 'the fire'.
[EXO.22.6] For if a man gives his neighbor silver or vessels to keep, and they are stolen from the man's house, if the thief is found, he shall pay double. [§]
Ki yiten ish el re'ehu kesef o kelim lishmor vegunav mibeyt ha-ish im yimatze ha-ganav yeshalem shnaim.
'Ki' means 'for', 'yiten' means 'shall give', 'ish' means 'a man', 'el' means 'to', 're'ehu' means 'his neighbor', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'o' means 'or', 'kelim' means 'vessels', 'lishmor' means 'to keep', 'vegunav' means 'and (it) is stolen', 'mibeyt' means 'from the house of', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'im' means 'if', 'yimatze' means 'he is found', 'ha-ganav' means 'the thief', 'yeshalem' means 'shall pay', 'shnaim' means 'two' (i.e., double).
[EXO.22.7] If the thief is not found and the master of the house draws near to the Gods, if he does not send his hand in the work of his companion. [§]
Im lo yimma-tze ha-gan-nav ve-nikrav ba'al ha-bayit el ha-elohim im lo shalach yado be-melachet re'ehu.
'Im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'yimma-tze' means 'will be found', 'ha-gan-nav' means 'the thief', 've-nikrav' means 'and draws near', 'ba'al ha-bayit' means 'the master of the house', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-elohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'shalach' means 'sent' or 'stretched out', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'be-melachet' means 'in the work/labor of', 're'ehu' means 'his companion' or 'friend'. The divine name Elohim is rendered as 'the Gods' according to the given literal translation rule.
[EXO.22.8] Upon every word of iniquity, upon an ox, upon a donkey, upon a sheep, upon a camel, upon every loss, the one who says "This is it" until the Gods come, the word of both of them, which the Gods will punish, will repay two to his companion. [§]
Al kol-devar-pesha al shor al chamor al se al salmah al kol-avedah asher yomer ki hu ze ad haElohim yavo dvar-shnehem asher yarshiun Elohim yeshalem shnayim le-reehu.
'Al' means 'upon', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'devar' means 'word' or 'matter', 'pesha' means 'iniquity' or 'sin', 'shor' means 'ox', 'chamor' means 'donkey', 'se' means 'sheep', 'salmah' means 'camel', 'avedah' means 'loss' or 'ruin', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'yomer' means 'will say', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'hu' means 'he', 'ze' means 'this', 'ad' means 'until', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the name Elohim with the definite article), 'yavo' means 'will come', 'dvar' means 'word' or 'matter', 'shnehem' means 'both of them', 'yarshiun' means 'will punish', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yeshalem' means 'will repay' or 'will pay back', 'shnayim' means 'two', 'le-reehu' means 'to his companion' or 'to his fellow'.
[EXO.22.9] For a man gives his friend a donkey or an ox or a sheep and all the livestock for keeping, and a dead or broken or broken one, there is no one who sees. [§]
ki yiten ish el-re'ehu chamor o shor o seh ve-khol behamah lishmor u-met o nishbar o nishbah ein roeh.
'ki' means 'for', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'ish' means 'a man', 'el-re'ehu' means 'to his friend', 'chamor' means 'donkey', 'o' means 'or', 'shor' means 'ox', 'seh' means 'sheep', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'behamah' means 'livestock', 'lishmor' means 'to keep', 'u-met' means 'and dead', 'o' means 'or', 'nishbar' means 'broken (masculine)', 'o' means 'or', 'nishbah' means 'broken (feminine)', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'roeh' means 'one who sees'.
[EXO.22.10] The oath of Yahveh will be between the two of them, unless he sends his hand in the work of his companion and takes it upon himself and does not repay. [§]
Shevuat Yahveh tiheyeh bein shneiyhem im-lo shalach yado bimelechet re'eho ve'lakach be'alav ve'lo yeshalem.
'Shevuat' means 'covenant' or 'oath', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'tiheyeh' means 'will be', 'bein' means 'between', 'shneiyhem' means 'the two of them', 'im-lo' means 'if not', 'shalach' means 'he will send', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'bimelechet' means 'in the work of', 're'eho' means 'his companion', 've'lakach' means 'and he will take', 'be'alav' means 'upon himself', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yeshalem' means 'pay' or 'repay'.
[EXO.22.11] And if a thief shall steal from him, he shall pay to his owner. [§]
ve-im ganov yiganev me'imo yeshalem li'valav.
've-im' means 'and if', 'ganov' means 'thief', 'yiganev' means 'shall steal', 'me'imo' means 'from him', 'yeshalem' means 'shall pay', 'li'valav' means 'to his owner'.
[EXO.22.12] If a robber is robbed, a witness will bring him; the plundering will not be repaid. [§]
Im-tarof yittaref yevi'ehu ed ha-trefah lo yeshalem.
'Im' means 'if', 'tarof' means 'robber' or 'plunderer', 'yittaref' is the future passive meaning 'will be robbed', 'yevi'ehu' means 'will bring him' or 'will bring about him', 'ed' means 'witness', 'ha-trefah' means 'the plundering' or 'the robbery', 'lo' means 'not', and 'yeshalem' means 'will repay' or 'will pay back'.
[EXO.22.13] And if a man asks his companion, and he will be broken or die, there is no payment with him, he will pay. [§]
veki yishal ish me'im re'ehu ve'nishbar o met be'alav ein-imo shalem yeshalem.
'veki' means 'and if', 'yishal' means 'a man will ask', 'ish' means 'a man', 'me'im' means 'from the people of' or 'from among', 're'ehu' means 'his companion', 've'nishbar' means 'and (he) will be broken', 'o' means 'or', 'met' means 'dead', 'be'alav' means 'against his master' or 'by his master', 'ein-imo' means 'there is not with him', 'shalem' means 'a payment' or 'fullness', 'yeshalem' means 'he will pay' or 'he will settle'.
[EXO.22.14] If he is with his master, he will not pay; if he is a hired man, he comes for his wages. [§]
Im-be'alav immo lo yeshaleim im-sakhir hu ba bisachro.
'Im' means 'if'; 'be'alav' means 'with his master/owner'; 'immo' means 'with him'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'yeshaleim' means 'will pay'; 'im' means 'if'; 'sakhir' means 'a hired worker'; 'hu' means 'he'; 'ba' means 'comes'; 'bisachro' means 'for his wages'.
[EXO.22.15] And if a man defiles a virgin who is not betrothed and lies with her, he shall quickly make her his wife. [§]
veki yifateh ish betulah asher lo orasah veshachav imah maher yimahrenah lo leisha.
'veki' means 'and if', 'yifateh' means 'defiles', 'ish' means 'a man', 'betulah' means 'a virgin', 'asher' means 'who', 'lo' means 'not', 'orasah' means 'betrothed' or 'engaged', 'veshachav' means 'and lies (down)', 'imah' means 'with her', 'maher' means 'quickly', 'yimahrenah' means 'he shall make her his (quickly)', 'lo' means 'to him', 'leisha' means 'as a wife'.
[EXO.22.16] If a man refuses his father to give her to him, silver shall be weighed as the price of a virgin. [§]
Im maen yemaen avihah letittah lo kesef yishkol kemo har habetulot.
'Im' means 'if', 'maen' means 'a man', 'yemaen' means 'refuses' (future), 'avihah' means 'her father', 'letittah' means 'to give her', 'lo' means 'to him', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'yishkol' means 'shall be weighed', 'kemo har' means 'as a weight', 'habetulot' means 'of the virgins'.
[EXO.22.17] A witch shall not live. [§]
Mekhashfah lo techaye.
'Mekhashfah' is the feminine participle meaning 'a witch' or 'one who practices sorcery'. 'lo' is the negation meaning 'not'. 'techaye' is a verb of the qal imperfect 2nd person feminine singular meaning 'shall live' or 'will live'. The final character 'ס' is a marginal scribal notation and not part of the verse's meaning.
[EXO.22.18] Everyone who lies with an animal shall die. [§]
Kol shochev im behemah mot yumat.
'Kol' means 'all' or 'everyone', 'shochev' means 'lying' (as in lying down), 'im' means 'with', 'behemah' means 'an animal', 'mot' means 'death', 'yumat' means 'shall die'.
[EXO.22.19] He offers a sacrifice to the Gods, not to Yahveh alone. [§]
zoveach la elohim yacharam bilti la yahveh levadho.
'zoveach' means 'sacrifice' (a participle indicating an offering), 'la' means 'to' or 'for', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'yacharam' means 'he will burn' or 'he burns', 'bilti' means 'except' or 'not', the second 'la' again means 'to' or 'for', 'yahveh' is the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, and 'levadho' means 'alone' (with the suffix '-ho' indicating 'him').
[EXO.22.20] And a stranger you shall not oppress, nor shall you afflict him, because you were strangers in the land of Egypt. [§]
Ve-ger lo-tone ve-lo tilchatzenu ki gerim hayitem be-eretz Mitzrayim.
'Ve' means 'and', 'ger' means 'stranger' or 'sojourner', 'lo-tone' means 'shall not oppress', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'tilchatzenu' means 'you shall afflict him', 'ki' means 'because', 'gerim' means 'you were strangers', 'hayitem' means 'you were', 'be-eretz' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.22.21] You shall not oppress any widow or orphan. [§]
Kol almanah ve-yatom lo te'annun.
'Kol' means 'all', 'almanah' means 'widow', 've-yatom' means 'and orphan', 'lo' means 'not', 'te'annun' means 'you will oppress'.
[EXO.22.22] If he answered, you will answer him, for if a cry is raised, he will cry to me; he will hear, I will hear his cry. [§]
im-aneh ta'aneh oto ki im tza'ok yitza'ok elai shamoa eshama tza'akato.
'im' means 'if'; 'aneh' is the verb 'he answered' (perfect Qal of 'answer'); 'ta'aneh' means 'you will answer' (imperfect Qal, 2nd masculine singular); 'oto' means 'him' or 'it'; 'ki' means 'for' or 'because'; 'im' again means 'if'; 'tza'ok' means 'cry' or 'shout' (noun); 'yitza'ok' means 'he will cry out' (imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine singular); 'elai' means 'to me' (preposition 'to' plus first‑person singular suffix); 'shamoa' means 'he will hear' (imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine singular); 'eshama' means 'I will hear' (imperfect Qal, 1st person singular); 'tza'akato' means 'his cry' (construct noun 'cry' with his masculine singular suffix).
[EXO.22.23] And I will be angry, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives will become widows, and your children will become orphans. [§]
vechara appi veharagti etchem becharav vehayu nesheichem almanot uvenecham yatomim.
'vechara' means 'and I will be angry', 'appi' means 'my anger', 'veharagti' means 'and I will kill', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'becharav' means 'with the sword', 'vehayu' means 'and they will be', 'nesheichem' means 'your wives', 'almanot' means 'widows', 'uvenecham' means 'and your children', 'yatomim' means 'orphans'.
[EXO.22.24] If silver you will lend my people the poor with you, it shall not be to him as a debtor; you shall not put upon him a pledge. [§]
Im kesef talveh et ami et he'ani immach lo tihyeh lo ke nosheh lo teshimun alav neshech.
'Im' means 'if', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'talveh' means 'you will lend', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ami' means 'my people', 'he'ani' means 'the poor', 'immach' means 'with you', 'lo' means 'not', 'tihyeh' means 'shall be', 'lo' (second) means 'to him/for him', 'ke' means 'as', 'nosheh' means 'debtor', 'lo' means 'not', 'teshimun' means 'you (plural) will place/put', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'neshech' means 'a pledge or security'.
[EXO.22.25] If it is vain, you will act vainly concerning your friend's payment; until the sun comes you will return it to him. [§]
im chaval tachbol shalmat reacha ad bo hashamesh teshivennu lo.
'im' means 'if', 'chaval' means 'vain' or 'futile', 'tachbol' means 'you will act vainly' or 'you will be in vain', 'shalmat' means 'payment' (from the root 'shalam' meaning to pay), 'reacha' means 'your friend' or 'your companion', 'ad' means 'until', 'bo' means 'comes' or 'coming', 'hashamesh' means 'the sun', 'teshivennu' means 'you will return it' (from the root 'shuv' meaning to return), 'lo' means 'to him'.
[EXO.22.26] For she is her own covering; she is his garment for his skin; with what will he lie? And it shall be when he cries to me, and I will hear, for I am gracious. [§]
Ki hi kesuto levadah hi simulato leoro bameh yishkav vehayah ki-yitzak elai veshamati ki channun ani.
'Ki' means 'for', 'hi' means 'she', 'kesuto' means 'her covering', 'levadah' means 'alone' or 'by herself', 'hi' again means 'she', 'simulato' means 'his garment', 'leoro' means 'for his skin', 'bameh' means 'with what', 'yishkav' means 'he will lie', 'vehayah' means 'and it will be', 'ki-yitzak' means 'when he cries out', 'elai' means 'to me', 'veshamati' means 'and I will hear', 'ki' means 'for', 'channun' means 'gracious' or 'compassionate', 'ani' means 'I'.
[EXO.22.27] The Gods you shall not curse, and the prince among your people you shall not become a light. [§]
Elohim lo tekallel ve nasi be'amkha lo taor.
'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lo' means 'not', 'tekallel' means 'you will curse', 've' means 'and', 'nasi' means 'prince' or 'leader', 'be'amkha' means 'among your people', the second 'lo' again means 'not', and 'taor' is understood as a verb from the root OR meaning 'to become a light' (i.e., to shine).
[EXO.22.28] Your fullness and your tears you will not delay; give me your firstborn sons. [§]
Mele'atecha ve-dima'acha lo te'acher bechor banecha titen li.
'Mele'atecha' means 'your fullness', 've-dima'acha' means 'and your tears', 'lo' means 'not', 'te'acher' means 'you will delay' (future negative: you will not delay), 'bechor' means 'firstborn', 'banecha' means 'your sons', 'titen' means 'you will give', 'li' means 'to me'.
[EXO.22.29] Thus you shall do for your ox and for your flock: for seven days it shall be with its mother; on the eighth day you shall give it to me. [§]
Ken-ta'ase le-shorcha le-tzo'anecha shivat yamim yihyeh im-imo bayom ha-shemini titenu li.
'Ken' means 'thus', 'ta'ase' means 'you shall do', 'le-shorcha' means 'for your ox', 'le-tzo'anecha' means 'for your flock', 'shivat yamim' means 'seven days', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'im-imo' means 'with his mother', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'ha-shemini' means 'the eighth', 'titenu' means 'you shall give', 'li' means 'to me'.
[EXO.22.30] And the holy men shall be to me; and flesh in the field, a carcass you shall not eat; you shall cast it to the dog. [§]
veanshei kodesh tihyoun li uvasar basadeh trefah lo tochlu lakelev tashlikhun oto
'veanshei' means 'and men of', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'tihyoun' means 'you shall be', 'li' means 'to me', 'uvasar' means 'and flesh', 'basadeh' means 'in the field', 'trefah' means 'carcass', 'lo' means 'not', 'tochlu' means 'you shall eat', 'lakelev' means 'to the dog', 'tashlikhun' means 'you shall cast', 'oto' means 'it'.
EXO.23
[EXO.23.1] You shall not bear false testimony; you shall not place your hand with the wicked to be a witness of violence. [§]
Lo tisa shema shav al-tashet yadekha im rasha lihyot ed hames.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tisa' means 'you shall bear' or 'you shall take', 'shema' means 'testimony' and together 'shema shav' means 'false testimony' or 'false witness', 'shav' means 'false', 'al-tashet' means 'you shall not set' or 'you shall not place', 'yadekha' means 'your hand', 'im' means 'with', 'rasha' means 'the wicked', 'lihyot' means 'to be', 'ed' means 'witness', 'hames' means 'violence' or 'cruelty'.
[EXO.23.2] You shall not become after the many to do evil, and you shall not answer against the crowd by turning after the many to spread gossip. [§]
Lo tihye acharei rabim leraot ve'lo ta'ane al rib lintot acharei rabim lehatet.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tihye' means 'you shall be', 'acharei' means 'after' or 'behind', 'rabim' means 'many' or 'the many', 'leraot' means 'to do evil', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'ta'ane' means 'you shall answer', 'al' means 'upon' or 'against', 'rib' (here read as 'rib') means 'the crowd' or 'the multitude', 'lintot' means 'to tilt' or 'to turn', 'lehatet' means 'to cause gossip' or 'to slander'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special name translations are needed.
[EXO.23.3] And the poor shall not become angry in his dispute. [§]
ve-dal lo tehddar be-ribo.
've-dal' means 'and the poor', 'lo' means 'not', 'tehddar' is a verb meaning 'to become angry' or 'to be troubled', and 'be-ribo' means 'in his quarrel' or 'in his dispute'.
[EXO.23.4] Because you will strike the bull of your enemy or his stumbling donkey, you shall return it to him. [§]
ki tifga shor oyvecha o chamoro toeh hashav teshivennu lo
'ki' means 'because', 'tifga' means 'you will strike', 'shor' means 'bull', 'oyvecha' means 'your enemy', 'o' means 'or', 'chamoro' means 'his donkey', 'toeh' means 'that is stumbling', 'hashav' means 'return', 'teshivennu' means 'you will bring it back', 'lo' means 'to him'.
[EXO.23.5] Because you will see a donkey that hates you lying under its load, and you will stop from abandoning it, you will abandon it together with it. [§]
Ki tir'eh ḥamor shone'kha roveitz tachat mash'o ve'ḥadalta me'azov lo azov ta'azov immo.
'Ki' means 'because', 'tir'eh' means 'you will see', 'ḥamor' means 'donkey', 'shone'kha' means 'that hates you', 'roveitz' means 'lying down', 'tachat' means 'under', 'mash'o' means 'its load', 've'ḥadalta' means 'and you stopped', 'me'azov' means 'from abandoning', 'lo' means 'him/it', 'azov' means 'to leave/abandon', 'ta'azov' means 'you will leave', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[EXO.23.6] Do not pervert the judgment of your poor in his dispute. [§]
Lo tateh mishpat evyoncha berivo.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tateh' means 'you will pervert' (negative imperative), 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'justice', 'evyoncha' means 'your poor' (the poor belonging to you), 'berivo' means 'in his dispute' or 'in his quarrel'.
[EXO.23.7] From a false word keep away, and be pure and righteous, do not kill, for I will not justify the wicked. [§]
Midvar sheker tirach ve-naki ve-tzadik al taharog ki lo atzaddik rasha.
'Midvar' means 'from a word', 'sheker' means 'falsehood', 'tirach' means 'you will keep far' or 'stay away', 've-naki' means 'and pure', 've-tzadik' means 'and righteous', 'al taharog' means 'do not kill', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'atzaddik' means 'I will justify' or 'I will excuse', 'rasha' means 'the wicked'.
[EXO.23.8] And deception you shall not accept, for the deception will corrupt the wise and will pervert the words of the righteous. [§]
ve-shochad lo tikach ki ha-shochad ye'aver pikachim vi-salef divrei tzaddikim.
've' means 'and', 'shochad' means 'fraud' or 'deception', 'lo' means 'not', 'tikach' means 'you will take' or 'you will accept', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ha-shochad' means 'the deception', 'ye'aver' means 'will pervert' or 'will corrupt', 'pikachim' means 'the wise' (plural), 'vi-salef' means 'and will twist' or 'will pervert', 'divrei' means 'the words of', 'tzaddikim' means 'the righteous' (plural).
[EXO.23.9] And you shall not oppress the stranger, and you shall know the soul of the stranger, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. [§]
veger lo tilchatz veatem yada'tem et nefesh ha-ger ki gerim heyitem bearetz Mitzrayim.
'veger' means 'and stranger', 'lo' means 'not', 'tilchatz' means 'you shall oppress', 'veatem' means 'and you', 'yada'tem' means 'you shall know', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (untranslated), 'nefesh' means 'soul' or 'life', 'ha-ger' means 'the stranger', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'gerim' means 'strangers', 'heyitem' means 'you were', 'be' means 'in', 'aretz' means 'the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.23.10] In six years you will sow your land and you will gather its produce. [§]
ve'shesh shanim tizra et artsecha ve'asapt et tevu'atah.
've' means 'and', 'shesh' means 'six', 'shanim' means 'years', 'tizra' means 'you will sow', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'artsecha' means 'your land', 've' again means 'and', 'asapt' means 'you gathered' (future perfect), the second 'et' is another direct‑object marker, and 'tevu'atah' means 'its produce' or 'its fruit'.
[EXO.23.11] And you will destroy the seventh and abandon it, and the poor of your people will eat, and they will increase; you will eat the beast of the field. Thus you shall do for your vineyard, for your olive. [§]
ve-hashvi'it tishmetnah u-ntashtah ve-akhlu evyonai ammekha ve-yitram tokhal hayyat ha-sadeh ken ta'ase le-karmeka le-zeitkha.
've' means 'and', 'hashvi'it' means 'the seventh', 'tishmetnah' means 'you will destroy it', 'u-ntashtah' means 'and you will abandon it', 've-akhlu' means 'and they will eat', 'evyonai' means 'the weak' or 'the poor', 'ammekha' means 'your people', 've-yitram' means 'and they will increase', 'tokhal' means 'you will eat', 'hayyat' means 'the beast', 'ha-sadeh' means 'of the field', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'ta'ase' means 'you shall do', 'le-karmeka' means 'for your vineyard', 'le-zeitkha' means 'for your olive'.
[EXO.23.12] Six days you shall do your work, and on the seventh day you shall rest, so that your ox and your donkey may rest and the son of your servant and the stranger. [§]
sheshet yamim taaseh maaseikha ubeyom hashvi'i tishbot lema'an yanuch shor'kha v'khamorekha ve'inafesh ben-amatkha vehager.
'sheshet' means 'six', 'yamim' means 'days', 'taaseh' means 'you shall do', 'maaseikha' means 'your work', 'u' means 'and', 'beyom' means 'on the day', 'hashvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'tishbot' means 'you shall rest', 'lema'an' means 'for the purpose that', 'yanuch' means 'it may rest', 'shor'kha' means 'your ox', 'v'khamorekha' means 'and your donkey', 've'inafesh' means 'and the son of', 'ben-amatkha' means 'your servant', 've' means 'and', 'hager' means 'the stranger'.
[EXO.23.13] And in all that I said to you keep, and the name of the other Gods you shall not mention, He will not hear your mouth. [§]
Uvechol asher amarti aleichem tishameru ve-shem Elohim acherim lo tazkiru lo yishma al picha.
'Uvechol' means 'and in all', 'asher' means 'that', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'aleichem' means 'to you', 'tishameru' means 'you shall keep', 've-shem' means 'and the name', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'acherim' means 'other', 'lo' means 'not', 'tazkiru' means 'you shall mention', 'lo' means 'not', 'yishma' means 'he will hear', 'al' means 'upon', 'picha' means 'your mouth'.
[EXO.23.14] Three festivals you shall celebrate for me in the year. [§]
Shalosh regalim tahog li bashanah.
'Shalosh' means 'three', 'regalim' literally means 'footstools' but idiomatically refers to the three pilgrimage festivals, 'tahog' means 'you will celebrate', 'li' means 'for me', and 'bashanah' means 'in the year'.
[EXO.23.15] You shall keep the feast of the unleavened breads; for seven days you shall eat unleavened breads as I commanded you at the appointed time of the month of spring, because in it you went out from Egypt and my face shall not see emptiness. [§]
Et-chag ha-matzot tishmor shiv'at yamim tokhal matzot ka'asher tzivitekha le-moed chodesh ha-aviv ki-vo yatzata mi-mitzrayim velo ye'ra'u fanai reikam.
'Et' is the accusative particle, 'chag' means 'feast', 'ha-matzot' means 'the unleavened breads', 'tishmor' means 'you shall keep', 'shiv'at' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'tokhal' means 'you shall eat', 'matzot' means 'unleavened breads', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivitekha' means 'I commanded you', 'le-moed' means 'at the appointed time', 'chodesh' means 'month', 'ha-aviv' means 'the spring', 'ki' means 'because', 'vo' means 'in it', 'yatzata' means 'you went out', 'mi-mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'velo' means 'and not', 'ye'ra'u' means 'shall be seen', 'fanai' means 'my face', 'reikam' means 'empty' or 'void'.
[EXO.23.16] And the festival of harvest, of the first fruits of your works which you sow in the field, and the festival of gathering at the end of the year, when you gather your works from the field. [§]
Ve chag ha katsir bechiray maaseicha asher tizra ba sadeh ve chag ha asef betzet ha shanah be asfcha et maaseicha min ha sadeh.
'Ve' means 'and', 'chag' means 'festival', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'katsir' means 'harvest', 'bechiray' means 'of the first fruits', 'maaseicha' means 'your works', 'asher' means 'which', 'tizra' means 'you sow', 'ba' means 'in the', 'sadeh' means 'field', 've' again means 'and', 'asef' means 'gathering', 'betzet' means 'at the end', 'ha' again 'the', 'shanah' means 'year', 'be' means 'when', 'asfcha' means 'you gather', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'maaseicha' again 'your works', 'min' means 'from', 'ha' definite article, 'sadeh' again 'field'.
[EXO.23.17] Three times a year will appear all your remembrance before the Lord Yahveh. [§]
Shalos peamim ba-shanah yerah kol-zechurkha el-penei ha-adon Yahveh.
'Shalos' means 'three', 'peamim' means 'times', 'ba-shanah' means 'in the year', 'yerah' means 'will appear', 'kol-zechurkha' means 'all your remembrance', 'el-penei' means 'before the face of', 'ha-adon' means 'the Lord', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH representing the divine name.
[EXO.23.18] Do not sacrifice the blood of my offering on leaven, and do not let the milk of my feast remain until morning. [§]
Lo tizbach al chamez dam zibchi ve lo yalin chelev chaggi ad boker.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tizbach' means 'you shall sacrifice', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'chamez' means 'leaven', 'dam' means 'blood', 'zibchi' means 'my sacrifice', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yalin' means 'shall remain', 'chelev' means 'milk' (literally 'fat'), 'chaggi' means 'my feast/holiday', 'ad' means 'until', 'boker' means 'morning'.
[EXO.23.19] First of the firstlings of your land you shall bring to the house Yahveh your God you shall not cook a kid in its mother's milk. [§]
reshit bikkurei admatkha tavi beit Yahveh elohekha lo-tevashel gedi bachalav immo
'reshit' means 'first' or 'beginning', 'bikkurei' means 'firstlings', 'admatkha' means 'of your land', 'tavi' means 'you shall bring', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'elohekha' means 'your God', 'lo-tevashel' means 'you shall not cook', 'gedi' means 'kid (young goat)', 'bachalav' means 'in milk', 'immo' means 'its mother'.
[EXO.23.20] Behold, I am sending an angel before you to guard you on the way and to bring you to the place which I have prepared. [§]
Hinneh anochi sholeach malakh lefanekha lishmar-kha ba-darekh ve-lahaviecha el ha-makom asher hachinoti.
'Hinneh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'sholeach' means 'am sending', 'malakh' means 'angel', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'lishmar-kha' means 'to guard you', 'ba-darekh' means 'on the way', 've-lahaviecha' means 'and to bring you', 'el' means 'to/toward', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hachinoti' means 'I have prepared'.
[EXO.23.21] Guard before Yahveh and listen to Yahveh's voice; do not rebel against it, for He will not bear your sins, because My name is within it. [§]
Hishamer mipaneiv u'shama be'kolo al-tamer bo ki lo yisa le'pisha'chem ki shemi be'kirbo.
'Hishamer' means 'guard' or 'be careful'; 'mipaneiv' means 'from before Him' (from the presence of God); 'u'shama' means 'and listen'; 'be'kolo' means 'to his voice' (referring to Yahveh's voice); 'al-tamer' means 'do not be angry' or 'do not rebel'; 'bo' means 'against it' or 'in it'; 'ki' means 'for'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'yisa' means 'will bear' or 'will carry'; 'le'pisha'chem' means 'your iniquities/sins'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'shmi' means 'my name'; 'be'kirbo' means 'is within it' (within the person or the covenant). The divine name YHVH is rendered as Yahveh, and pronouns referring to Him are translated as Yahveh or Yahveh's accordingly.
[EXO.23.22] For if you will listen to his voice and do everything I speak, and I will make your enemies flee and I will bind your foes. [§]
Ki im-shamoa tishma bekoloh ve-asita kol asher adaber ve'ayavti et-oyveikha ve-tsartti et-tzorreikha.
'Ki' means 'for', 'im' means 'if', 'shamoa' means 'you will hear/listen', 'tishma' means 'you will listen', 'bekoloh' means 'to his voice', 've' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you will do', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/what', 'adaber' means 'I speak', 've' again 'and', 'ayavti' means 'I will make flee', 'et-oyveikha' means 'your enemies', 've' again 'and', 'tsartti' means 'I will bind', 'et-tzorreikha' means 'your foes'.
[EXO.23.23] For my messenger will go before you and will bring you to the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Canaanite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, and you shall destroy them. [§]
ki yelek malakhi lefanekha vehevi'eka el haemori veha chiti veha prazi veha kenaani ha chivi veha yevusi vehichadeto.
'ki' means 'for', 'yelek' means 'will go', 'malakhi' means 'my messenger', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'vehevi'eka' means 'and will bring you', 'el' means 'to', 'haemori' means 'the Amorite', 'veha chiti' means 'and the Hittite', 'veha prazi' means 'and the Perizzite', 'veha kenaani' means 'and the Canaanite', 'ha chivi' means 'the Hivite', 'veha yevusi' means 'and the Jebusite', 'vehichadeto' means 'and you shall destroy them'.
[EXO.23.24] You shall not bow down to their Gods, nor serve them, nor do as they do, for you will destroy them and break their standing stones. [§]
Lo tish tacha've le-elohei-hem ve lo ta'aved-hem ve lo ta'aseh ke-ma'asei-hem ki ha-res te-ha-res-hem ve shaver teshaver matz'votey-hem.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tish tacha've' means 'you shall bow down', 'le-elohei-hem' means 'to their Gods' ('elohei' = the Gods, '-hem' = their), 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'ta'aved-hem' means 'you shall serve them', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall do', 'ke-ma'asei-hem' means 'as their deeds', 'ki' means 'for', 'ha-res' means 'the ruin', 'te-ha-res-hem' means 'you will ruin them', 've' means 'and', 'shaver' means 'break', 'teshaver' means 'you will break', 'matz'votey-hem' means 'their standing stones'.
[EXO.23.25] You will serve Yahveh your Gods and bless your bread and your water and I will remove disease from your midst. [§]
va'avadtem et Yahveh Eloheichem uveirach et-lachmecha ve-et-meimecha vasiroti machalah miqirbecha.
'va'avadtem' means 'you will serve', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'Eloheichem' means 'your Gods', 'uveirach' means 'and [He] will bless', 'et-lachmecha' means 'your bread', 've-et-meimecha' means 'and your water', 'vasiroti' means 'and I will remove', 'machalah' means 'disease', 'miqirbecha' means 'from your midst'.
[EXO.23.26] You shall not be barren and childless in your land; I will fill the number of your days. [§]
Lo tiheye meshakele ve'akara be'artzecha et-mispar yamecha amale.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tiheye' means 'you will be', 'meshakele' means 'barren' (desolate), 've'akara' means 'and childless', 'be'artzecha' means 'in your land', 'et-mispar' means 'the number of', 'yamecha' means 'your days', 'amale' means 'I will fill'.
[EXO.23.27] I will send my anger before you, and death to all the people whom you go among, and I will give all your enemies to you as spoils. [§]
et-eimati ash'lash lefanekha vehamoti et-kol ha'am asher tavo bahem venatati et-kol oyveikha elekha oref.
'et' is the direct object marker, 'eimati' means 'my anger', 'ash'lash' means 'I will send', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'vehamoti' means 'and death', 'et' again is the object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'tavo' means 'you will go/enter', 'bahem' means 'among them', 'venatati' means 'and I will give', 'oyveikha' means 'your enemies', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'oref' means 'as spoil' or 'as a reward'.
[EXO.23.28] I will send the pestilence before you and drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you. [§]
ve-shalachti et-hatzira lefanekha ve-geresha et-hachi vi et-haknaani ve-et-hachiti mil'fanekha.
've' means 'and', 'shalachti' means 'I will send', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hatzira' means 'the pestilence', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 've' again means 'and', 'geresha' means 'I will drive out', 'hachi' means 'the Hivite', 'vi' means 'the', 'haknaani' means 'the Canaanite', 've' means 'and', 'hachiti' means 'the Hittite', 'mil'fanekha' means 'from before you'.
[EXO.23.29] I will not drive him out before you within a year, lest the land become desolate and the field animals be many upon you. [§]
lo agarshenu mipanecha beshanah echat pen tiheye haaretz shmemah verabbah aleicha chayat hasadeh.
'lo' means 'not', 'agarshenu' means 'I will drive out him', 'mipanecha' means 'from before you', 'beshanah' means 'in a year', 'echat' means 'one', 'pen' means 'lest', 'tiheye' means 'it will become', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'shmemah' means 'desolate', 'verabbah' means 'and many', 'aleicha' means 'upon you', 'chayat' means 'animals', 'hasadeh' means 'the field'.
[EXO.23.30] Little by little I will drive him out before you until you cause it to sprout and you will inherit the land. [§]
Me'at me'at agarshenu mifanecha ad asher tipreh ve-nachalta et ha'aretz.
'Me'at' means 'little' or 'few', repeated for emphasis as 'little by little'. 'Agarshenu' is from the root 'garash' meaning 'to drive out', with first person singular future 'I will drive out' and the suffix '-enu' meaning 'him/it'. 'Mifanecha' means 'before you' or 'in your presence' (mi- 'from' + panecha 'your face'). 'Ad' means 'until'. 'Asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'Tipreh' is the second person masculine singular future of 'parah' meaning 'to cause to sprout, to bring forth'. 'Ve-nachalta' is the conjunction 'and' plus the second person masculine singular perfect of 'nachal' meaning 'to inherit, possess'. 'Et ha'aretz' is the direct‑object marker 'et' plus 'the land'.
[EXO.23.31] And you shall set your border from the sea of the end to the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the river; for I will give in your hand the inhabitants of the land and you shall drive them out before you. [§]
Ve'shatti et gebulcha mi yam suf ve'ad yam pelishtim u-mimidbar ad ha-nahar ki etten be-yedkhem et yoshvei haaretz ve-gerashtamo mipanecha.
'Ve'shatti' means 'and you shall pour/set', 'et' is the accusative particle (no English translation), 'gebulcha' means 'your border', 'mi' means 'from', 'yam' means 'sea', 'suf' means 'the end', 've'ad' means 'and to', 'yam pelishtim' means 'the sea of the Philistines', 'u-mimidbar' means 'and from the desert', 'ad' means 'to', 'ha-nahar' means 'the river', 'ki' means 'for', 'etten' means 'I will give/put', 'be-yedkhem' means 'in your hand', 'yoshvei haaretz' means 'the inhabitants of the land', 've-gerashtamo' means 'and you shall drive them out', 'mipanecha' means 'before you'.
[EXO.23.32] You shall not make a covenant with them nor with their Gods. [§]
Lo tikrot lahem ve leloheihem berit.
'Lo' means 'not'. 'Tikrot' is the second person masculine singular imperfect form of the verb 'to cut' used idiomatically for 'to make a covenant'. 'Lahem' means 'with them'. 'Ve' means 'and'. 'Leloheihem' combines the preposition 'le' (to/with) with 'Elohim' (the Gods) and the suffix '-hem' (their), thus 'with their Gods'. 'Berit' means 'covenant'.
[EXO.23.33] They will not sit in your land lest they lead you astray to me, because you will serve their Gods, for it will be a snare for you. [§]
Lo yeshvu beartzecha pen-yachtiu otcha li ki taavod et Elohehem ki yihe lecha lemokesh.
'Lo' means 'not', 'yeshvu' means 'they will sit', 'beartzecha' means 'in your land', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yachtiu' means 'they lead astray', 'otcha' means 'you', 'li' means 'to me', 'ki' means 'because', 'taavod' means 'you will serve', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Elohehem' means 'their the Gods' (the word Elohim translated as 'the Gods'), 'ki' again means 'because', 'yihe' means 'it will be', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'lemokesh' means 'a snare' or 'trap'.
EXO.24
[EXO.24.1] And to Moses He said, 'Go up to Yahveh, you and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel, and you shall bow down from afar.' [§]
ve el-Moshe amar aleh el-Yahveh atah ve-Aharon Nadab va-Avihu ve-shiv'im mi-zeknei Yisrael ve-hishtachavitem me-rakhok.
've' means 'and', 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'amar' means 'said', 'aleh' means 'go up', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'atah' means 'you', 've-Aharon' means 'and Aaron', 'Nadab' and 'va-Avihu' are proper names, 've-shiv'im' means 'and seventy', 'mi-zeknei' means 'of the elders', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-hishtachavitem' means 'and you shall bow down', 'me-rakhok' means 'from afar'.
[EXO.24.2] And Moses alone approached to Yahveh, and they will not approach, and the people will not go up with him. [§]
ve-nigash Moshe le-baddo el Yahveh vehem lo yigashu vehaam lo yaalu immo.
've-nigash' means 'and he approached', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'le-baddo' means 'alone', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vehem' means 'and they', 'lo' means 'will not', 'yigashu' means 'approach', 'vehaam' means 'and the people', 'yaalu' means 'go up', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[EXO.24.3] Moses came and told the people all the words of Yahveh and all the statutes, and all the people answered with one voice and said, All the words that Yahveh has spoken we shall do. [§]
va-yavo Moshe va-yasapper la-am et kol-divrei Yahveh ve-et kol ha-mishpatim va-ya'an kol ha-am kol ekhad va-yoamru kol ha-dvarim asher-diber Yahveh na'aseh.
'va-yavo' means 'and he came', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'va-yasapper' means 'and he told/recounted', 'la-am' means 'to the people', 'et' is a direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'kol-divrei' means 'all the words of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 've-et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-mishpatim' means 'the statutes/judgments', 'va-ya'an' means 'and answered', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'kol ekhad' means 'with one voice', 'va-yoamru' means 'and they said', 'kol ha-dvarim' means 'all the words', 'asher-diber' means 'that Yahveh spoke', 'na'aseh' means 'we will do/shall do'.
[EXO.24.4] And Moses wrote all the words of Yahveh, and he rose early in the morning, and built an altar under the mountain, and twenty-two standing stones for the twelve tribes of Israel. [§]
Vayikhtov Moshe et kol-divrei Yahveh vayashkem baboker vayiven mizbeach tachat hahar ushteim esreh matzevah lishnem asar shivtei Yisrael.
'Vayikhtov' means 'and wrote', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol-divrei' means 'all the words', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayashkem' means 'and rose early', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vayiven' means 'and built', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'tachat' means 'under', 'hahar' means 'the mountain', 'ushteim esreh' means 'twenty-two', 'matzevah' means 'standing stone', 'lishnem' means 'for the two', 'asar' means 'twelve', 'shivtei' means 'tribes', and 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.24.5] And he sent the youths of the children of Israel, and they brought up burnt offerings, and they offered whole sacrifices to Yahveh, bulls. [§]
Vayishlach et-na'arei b'nei Yisrael vay'alu olot vayizbechu zevachim shelamim l'Yahveh parim.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'et-na'arei' means 'the youths', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'of the children of Israel', 'vay'alu' means 'and they brought up', 'olot' means 'burnt offerings', 'vayizbechu' means 'and they sacrificed', 'zevachim shelamim' means 'whole (peace) sacrifices', 'l'Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'parim' means 'bulls'.
[EXO.24.6] Moses took half of the blood and put it in the incense, and he poured half of the blood on the altar. [§]
Vayikach Moshe chatsii ha-dam vayasem baganot vachatzi ha-dam zarok al ha-mizbeach.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Moshe' is the name 'Moses', 'chatsii' means 'half', 'ha-dam' means 'the blood', 'vayasem' means 'and he put', 'baganot' means 'in the incense', 'vachatzi' means 'and half', 'zarok' means 'he poured', 'al' means 'on', 'ha-mizbeach' means 'the altar'.
[EXO.24.7] He took the Book of the Covenant and read it to the ears of the people, and they said, 'All that Yahveh has spoken we will do and we will obey.' [§]
Vayikach sefer habrit vayikra be'aznei ha'am vayomeru kol asher-diber Yahveh na'aseh ve'nishma.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'sefer' means 'book', 'habrit' means 'the covenant', 'vayikra' means 'and he read', 'be'aznei' means 'in the ears of', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher-diber' means 'that (which) spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'na'aseh' means 'we will do', 've'nishma' means 'and we will obey'.
[EXO.24.8] And Moses took the blood and he sprinkled it on the people, and he said, 'Behold the blood of the covenant that Yahveh made with you concerning all these things.' [§]
Vayikach Moshe et-had dam vayizrok al-haam vayomer hineh dam-habrit asher karat Yahveh imachem al kol-hadvarim haeleh.
'Vayikach' means 'and took', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et' is the object marker, 'ha-dam' means 'the blood', 'vayizrok' means 'and he sprinkled', 'al' means 'on', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'dam' means 'blood', 'ha-brit' means 'the covenant', 'asher' means 'that', 'karat' means 'made', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'imachem' means 'with you', 'al' means 'upon', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-dvarim' means 'the things/words', 'haeleh' means 'these'.
[EXO.24.9] And Moses went up, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel. [§]
va-yaal Moshe ve-Aharon Nadav ve-Avihu ve-shivim miziknei Yisrael.
'va-yaal' means 'and he went up', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 've-Aharon' means 'and Aaron', 'Nadav' is the name Nadab, 've-Avihu' means 'and Abihu', 've-shivim' means 'and seventy', 'miziknei' means 'elders of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.24.10] And they saw the Gods of Israel, and under his feet like the work of building the sapphire and like the bone of the heavens pure. [§]
Vayiru et Elohei Yisrael ve-tachat raglav kema'aseh livnat ha-sapir uke'etzem ha-shamayim latohar.
'Vayiru' means 'and they saw', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods' (plural) as a construct form, 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 've-tachat' means 'and under', 'raglav' means 'his feet', 'kema'aseh' means 'like the work of', 'livnat' means 'building', 'ha-sapir' means 'the sapphire', 'uke'etzem' means 'and like the bone', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'latohar' means 'pure' or 'clean'.
[EXO.24.11] And to the rescuers of the children of Israel he did not send his hand; and they saw the Gods, and they ate and they drank. [§]
Ve'el-atzilei b'nei Yisrael lo shalach yado vayechazu et-haElohim vayochlu vayishtu.
'Ve' means 'and', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'atzilei' is taken as a plural construct meaning 'those who rescue' or 'the noble ones', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'shalach' means 'sent', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'vayechazu' means 'and they saw', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'vayochlu' means 'and they ate', 'vayishtu' means 'and they drank'.
[EXO.24.12] And Yahveh said to Moses, 'Go up to me the mountain and be there, and I will give you the stone tablets, the Torah, and the command which I wrote to teach them.' [§]
vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe aleh elai haharah veyehe-sham ve'etna lekha et-luachot haeven ve-hatorah ve-hamitzvah asher katavti lehorotam
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'aleh' means 'go up', 'elai' means 'to me', 'haharah' means 'the mountain', 'veyehe-sham' means 'and be there', 've'etna' means 'and I will give', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'et-luachot' means 'the stone tablets', 'haeven' means 'the stone', 've-hatorah' means 'and the Torah', 've-hamitzvah' means 'and the command', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'katavti' means 'I wrote', 'lehorotam' means 'to teach them'.
[EXO.24.13] And Moses rose, and Joshua his servant, and Moses went up to the mountain of the Gods. [§]
Vayakam Moshe v'Yehoshua meshartó vayáal Moshe el‑har haElohim.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'v'Yehoshua' means 'and Joshua', 'meshartó' means 'his servant', 'vayáal' means 'and he went up', 'Moshe' again is Moses, 'el‑' means 'to', 'har' means 'mountain', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim).
[EXO.24.14] And to the elders he said, "Sit with us here until we return to you," and behold, Aaron and Hur are with you; whoever is master of words will approach them. [§]
ve'el-hazekenim amar shevu-lanu baze ad asher nashu aleikhem ve'hineh Aharon ve-Hur immakhem mi-ba'al devarim yigash alehem.
've'el' means 'and to', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'zekenim' means 'elders', 'amar' means 'said', 'shevu' is the imperative plural of 'sit', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'baze' means 'here', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher' means 'that which', 'nashu' means 'we shall return', 'aleikhem' means 'to you (plural)', 've'hineh' means 'and behold', 'Aharon' is the personal name 'Aaron', 've-Hur' means 'and Hur', 'immakhem' means 'with you', 'mi' means 'who', 'ba'al' means 'master', 'devarim' means 'words', 'yigash' means 'will approach', 'alehem' means 'to them'.
[EXO.24.15] Moses went up to the mountain, and the cloud covered the mountain. [§]
Vayyal Moshe el ha har vayekhas haanan al ha har.
'Vayyal' means 'and he went up', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'el' means 'to', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'har' means 'mountain', 'vayekhas' means 'and covered', 'haanan' means 'the cloud', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', the second 'ha har' again means 'the mountain'.
[EXO.24.16] And the glory of Yahveh dwelt upon Mount Sinai and the cloud covered it six days, and He called to Moses on the seventh day from within the cloud. [§]
Vayishkon kavod Yahveh al har Sinai vayekassehhu he'anan sheshet yamim vayikra el-Moshe bayom hashvi'i mitoch he'anan.
'Vayishkon' means 'and He dwelt', 'kavod' means 'glory', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al' means 'upon', 'har' means 'mountain', 'Sinai' is the name of the mountain, 'vayekassehhu' means 'and He covered it', 'he'anan' means 'the cloud', 'sheshet' means 'six', 'yamim' means 'days', 'vayikra' means 'and He called', 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hashvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'mitoch' means 'from within', 'he'anan' means 'the cloud' again.
[EXO.24.17] And the appearance of the glory of Yahveh is like fire that devours on the top of the mountain in the eyes of the sons of Israel. [§]
u-mareh ke-vod Yahveh ke-esh ochelet be-rosh ha-har le-einei be-nei Yisrael.
'u-mareh' means 'and the appearance', 'ke-vod' means 'of the glory', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'ke-esh' means 'like fire', 'ochelet' means 'that devours' or 'consuming', 'be-rosh' means 'on the top', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'le-einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'be-nei' means 'the children/sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.24.18] And Moses came into the midst of the cloud, and he ascended to the mountain, and Moses was on the mountain forty days and forty nights. [§]
vayyavo moshe betoch ha'anan vayya'al el-hahar vayehi moshe ba-har arba'im yom ve'arba'im laylah.
'vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'moshe' means 'Moses', 'betoch' means 'into the midst of', 'ha'anan' means 'the cloud', 'vayya'al' means 'and he ascended', 'el-hahar' means 'to the mountain', 'vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and he was', 'ba-har' means 'on the mountain', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'yom' means 'day', 've'arba'im' means 'and forty', 'laylah' means 'night'.
EXO.25
[EXO.25.1] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying. [§]
Vayedabber Yahveh el-Mosheh le'emor.
'Vayedabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Mosheh' is the proper name Moses, 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[EXO.25.2] Speak to the children of Israel, and let them bring me an offering from every man whose heart moves him; they shall bring my offering. [§]
Dabber el-bnei Yisrael veyikchu li terumah me'et kol-ish asher yidbenu libo tikchu et-terumati.
'Dabber' means 'Speak', 'el' means 'to', 'bnei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'veyikchu' means 'and they shall bring', 'li' means 'to me', 'terumah' means 'offering' or 'tribute', 'me'et' means 'from', 'kol' means 'every', 'ish' means 'man', 'asher' means 'who', 'yidbenu' means 'moves his heart', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'tikchu' means 'you shall take' (imperative plural), 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'terumati' means 'my offering'.
[EXO.25.3] And this is the offering which you shall take from them: gold, silver, and copper. [§]
ve-zot ha-terumah asher tikchu me-itatam zahav va-keresef u-nekhoshet.
've' means 'and', 'zot' means 'this', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'terumah' means 'offering' or 'contribution', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tikchu' means 'you will take', 'me-itatam' means 'from them', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'va' means 'and', 'keresef' means 'silver', 'u' means 'and', 'nekhoshet' means 'copper'.
[EXO.25.4] and blue and purple and scarlet and fine linen and goats' hair. [§]
ve-tekhelet ve-argaman ve-tolaat shani ve-shesh ve-izim.
've-tekhelet' means 'and blue', 've-argaman' means 'and purple', 've-tolaat shani' means 'and scarlet', 've-shesh' means 'and fine linen', 've-izim' means 'and goats' hair'.
[EXO.25.5] And skins of scarlet calves and skins of hyssop and acacia wood. [§]
ve'orat eelim me'adamim ve'orat tehashim va'atzey shtim.
've'orat' means 'and skins', 'eelim' means 'young bulls' or 'calves', 'me'adamim' means 'scarlet' or 'reddish', 've'orat' again means 'and skins', 'tehashim' is a plural form meaning 'of hyssop' or 'of the plaster plants', 'va'atzey' means 'and the wood of', 'shtim' is the plural of 'shittah', a type of acacia wood.
[EXO.25.6] Oil for lighting, with spices for the anointing oil, and for the incense. [§]
Shemen lamor besamim leshemen ha-mishchah ve-lictoret ha-samim.
'Shemen' means 'oil', 'lamor' means 'for lighting', 'besamim' means 'with spices', 'leshemen' means 'for the oil', 'ha-mishchah' means 'the anointing', 've' means 'and', 'lictoret' means 'for the incense', 'ha-samim' means 'the spices/incense'.
[EXO.25.7] Stones of shoham and stones of filled (type) for the ephod and for the breastplate. [§]
Avnei Shoham ve-Avnei Milui'im la-efod ve-la-choshen.
'Avnei' means 'stones of', 'Shoham' is the name of a precious stone, 've' means 'and', 'Milu'i'im' means 'filled' or 'full' referring to another type of stone, 'la-efod' means 'for the ephod' (the priestly garment), and 've-la-choshen' means 'and for the breastplate' (the breastpiece of judgment).
[EXO.25.8] And they shall make for me a sanctuary, and I will dwell among them. [§]
ve'asu li mikdash ve'shakhanti betocham.
've'asu' means 'and they will make', 'li' means 'for me' (the speaker, God), 'mikdash' means 'sanctuary', 've'shakhanti' means 'and I will dwell', 'betocham' means 'among them'.
[EXO.25.9] According to all that I have shown you, the pattern of the tabernacle and the pattern of all its vessels, so you shall do. [§]
kechol asher ani mare otkha et tavnit hamishkan ve'et tavnit kolkelav vechen taasu.
'kechol' means 'as all' or 'according to all', 'asher' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'mare' means 'show' (first person singular), 'otkha' means 'you' (masculine singular), 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'tavnit' means 'pattern' or 'design', 'hamishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 've'et' means 'and', the second 'tavnit' repeats 'pattern', 'kolkelav' is a construct phrase meaning 'all its vessels', 'vechen' means 'so' or 'thus', 'taasu' means 'you shall do'.
[EXO.25.10] And they shall make an ark of acacia wood, a cubit and a half in length, and a cubit and a half in width, and a cubit and a half in height. [§]
ve'asu aron etzei shittim amathayim vachetsi arkho ve'amma vachetsi rachvo ve'amma vachetsi kumoto.
've'asu' means 'and they shall make', 'aron' means 'ark', 'etzei' means 'of wood', 'shittim' means 'acacia', 'amathayim' means 'a cubit and a half', 'vachetsi' means 'and a half', 'arkho' means 'its length', 've'amma' means 'and a cubit', 'vachetsi' means 'and a half', 'rachvo' means 'its width', 've'amma' means 'and a cubit', 'vachetsi' means 'and a half', 'kumoto' means 'its height'.
[EXO.25.11] And you shall overlay it with pure gold, from the house and from the outside you shall overlay it, and you shall make upon it a gold crown all around. [§]
ve-tzipita oto zahav tahor mi-bbayit u-mi-chutz tetzapennu ve-asita alav zer zahav saviv.
've-tzipita' means 'and you shall cover/overlay', 'oto' means 'it/him', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'mi-bbayit' means 'from the house/inside', 'u-mi-chutz' means 'and from the outside', 'tetzapennu' means 'you shall overlay it', 've-asita' means 'and you shall make', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'zer' means 'crown', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'saviv' means 'all around'.
[EXO.25.12] And you shall cast for it four golden rings and put them on its four corners, two rings on one side and two rings on the other side. [§]
ve-yatzaktah lo arba tavot zahav ve-natata al arba paamotav u'shtei tavot al tzal'o ha'echat u'shtei tavot al tzal'o ha'shenit.
've-yatzaktah' means 'and you shall cast', 'lo' means 'for it', 'arba' means 'four', 'tavot' means 'rings', 'zahav' means 'golden', 've-natata' means 'and you shall put', 'al' means 'on', 'arba' means 'four', 'paamotav' means 'its corners', 'u'shtei' means 'and two', 'tavot' again 'rings', 'al' means 'on', 'tzal'o' means 'its side', 'ha'echat' means 'the one', 'ha'shenit' means 'the other'.
[EXO.25.13] And you shall make of the wood of acacia and overlay them with gold. [§]
Ve'asita badei atzei shitim ve'tzipita otam zahav.
'Ve' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you shall make', 'badei' means 'of the wood', 'atzei' means 'timbers of', 'shitim' means 'acacia', 've' again means 'and', 'tzipita' means 'you shall overlay', 'otam' means 'them', 'zahav' means 'gold'.
[EXO.25.14] And you shall bring the baths in the vessels upon the sideboards of the ark to carry the ark with them. [§]
veheveita et habaddim battabaot al tzalot haaron laseet et haaron bahem.
'veheveita' means 'and you shall bring', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'habaddim' means 'the baths' (or large containers), 'battabaot' means 'in the vessels', 'al' means 'upon', 'tzalot' means 'the sideboards or slabs', 'haaron' means 'the ark', 'laseet' means 'to bear' or 'to carry', 'et' again marks the object, 'haaron' again 'the ark', and 'bahem' means 'with them' or 'by them'.
[EXO.25.15] In the panels of the ark the heavy things will be; they will not be removed from it. [§]
Betabboot ha'aron yihyu habaddim lo yasru mimenu.
'Betabboot' means 'in the panels/boards', 'ha'aron' means 'the ark', 'yihyu' means 'they will be', 'habaddim' means 'the heavy things' or 'the burdens', 'lo' means 'not', 'yasru' means 'they will be removed', 'mimenu' means 'from it'.
[EXO.25.16] And you shall put into the ark the testimony which I will give to you. [§]
Ve'natata el ha'aron et ha'edut asher eten eilecha.
'Ve' means 'and', 'natata' means 'you shall put', 'el' means 'into', 'ha'aron' means 'the ark', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'edut' means 'the testimony', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'eten' means 'I will give', 'eilecha' means 'to you'.
[EXO.25.17] And you shall make a golden covering of pure gold, a span and a half its length, and a span and a half its width. [§]
ve'asita kaphoret zahav tahor amattayim vacheshi arkah ve'amah vacheshi rachbah.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'kaphoret' means 'a covering or plate', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'amattayim' means 'a span', 'vacheshi' means 'and a half', 'arkah' means 'its length', 've'amah' means 'and its breadth', 'vacheshi' means 'and a half', 'rachbah' means 'its width'.
[EXO.25.18] And you shall make two golden cherubs; you shall hammer them from the two ends of the mercy seat. [§]
veasita shenayim keruvim zahav miksha taase otam mishnei ktzot hakapporet.
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'shenayim' means 'two', 'keruvim' means 'cherubs', 'zahav' means 'golden', 'miksha' means 'by hammering' or 'a hammer', 'taase' means 'you shall make' (repeated for emphasis), 'otam' means 'them', 'mishnei' means 'from two', 'ktzot' means 'ends' or 'tips', 'hakapporet' means 'the mercy seat' (the cover of the Ark of the Covenant).
[EXO.25.19] And make one cherub from this side, and one cherub from this side; from the covering you shall make the cherubim upon its two ends. [§]
Va'aseh keruv echad mikatzah mizzeh, u'keruv echad mikatzah mizzeh min hakaporet ta'asu et hak'ruvim al shnei ketzotav.
'Va'aseh' means 'and make', 'keruv' means 'cherub' (a divine winged creature), 'echad' means 'one', 'mikatzah' means 'from the side' or 'from the end', 'mizzeh' means 'from this', 'u'keruv' means 'and cherub', the second 'echad mikatzah mizzeh' repeats the phrase, 'min' means 'from', 'hakaporet' means 'the covering' (the mercy seat or sacred covering), 'ta'asu' means 'you shall make', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hak'ruvim' means 'the cherubim' (plural of cherub), 'al' means 'upon', 'shnei' means 'two', 'ketsotav' means 'its ends' (the two ends of the covering). No divine names like YHVH, Elohim, Adonai, or Kyrios appear, so no special translation rules for those are applied.
[EXO.25.20] And the cherubs, winged ones spreading upward, will hover with their wings over the covering; and their faces will be toward each other toward the covering; the faces of the cherubs will be. [§]
vehayu hakkeruvim porschei kenafayim lemala sokhim bechanfeihem al hakapporet ufpeneihem ish el achiv el hakapporet yihyu pnei hakkeruvim.
'vehayu' means 'and they will be', 'hackeruvim' means 'the cherubs', 'porschei' means 'those who spread', 'kenafayim' means 'wings', 'lemala' means 'upward', 'sokhim' means 'hovering' (plural form), 'bechanfeihem' means 'in their wings', 'al' means 'over', 'hakapporet' means 'the covering' (the mercy seat of the tabernacle), 'ufpeneihem' means 'and their faces', 'ish' means 'one' or 'each other', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'achiv' means 'his brother' (used idiomatically for 'each other'), 'yihyu' means 'they will be', 'pnei' means 'the faces of', 'hackeruvim' again 'the cherubs'.
[EXO.25.21] And you shall give the atonement upon the ark from above, and to the ark you shall put the testimony which I will give to you. [§]
Ve-natata et-hakapporet al-ha'aron milma'la ve-el-ha'aron titen et-ha'edut asher eten eilecha.
'Ve-natata' means 'and you shall give', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hakapporet' means 'the atonement', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha'aron' means 'the ark', 'milma'la' means 'from above', 've-el' means 'and to', 'titen' means 'you shall put', 'ha'edut' means 'the testimony', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'eten' means 'I will give', 'eilecha' means 'to you'.
[EXO.25.22] And I will hover for you there, and I will speak with you from above the covering, between the two cherubim that are on the ark of testimony, all that I command you to the children of Israel. [§]
venoadeti lecha sham ve'dibarti itcha me'al hakapparet mibeyn shnei hak'ruvim asher al-aron ha'edut et kol-asher atzaveh otkha el-bnei Yisrael.
've' means 'and', 'noadeti' means 'I will hover' or 'I will linger', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'sham' means 'there', 've' again means 'and', 'dibarti' means 'I will speak', 'itcha' means 'with you', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'hakapparet' means 'the covering' or 'the veil', 'mibeyn' means 'between', 'shnei' means 'two', 'hak'ruvim' means 'the cherubim', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'al-aron' means 'on the ark', 'ha'edut' means 'of testimony' (the Ark of the Covenant), 'et' is a marker for the direct object, 'kol-asher' means 'all that', 'atzaveh' means 'I command', 'otkha' means 'to you', 'el' means 'to', 'bnei' means 'the sons/children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.25.23] And you shall make a table of shittim wood, two cubits long, and a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half its height. [§]
Ve'asi'ta shulchan atzei shitim amattayim orchó ve'amá rachbó ve'amá vahetzi komató.
'Ve'asi'ta' means 'And you shall make', 'shulchan' means 'table', 'atzei' means 'of wood', 'shitim' means 'of shittim (acacia) wood', 'amattayim' means 'two cubits', 'orchó' means 'its length', 've'amá' means 'and a cubit', 'rachbó' means 'its width', 've'amá' means 'and a cubit', 'vahetzi' means 'and a half', 'komató' means 'its height'.
[EXO.25.24] And you shall overlay it with pure gold, and you shall make for it a golden crown round about. [§]
ve-tsifita oto zahav tahor ve-asita lo zer zahav saviv.
've-tsifita' means 'and you shall overlay', 'oto' means 'it', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 've-asita' means 'and you shall make', 'lo' means 'for it', 'zer' means 'crown' (a circular band), 'zahav' means 'gold', 'saviv' means 'round about'.
[EXO.25.25] And you shall make for it a clasp of a palm's width, all around; and you shall make a golden strip for its clasp, all around. [§]
ve'asita lo misgeret topach saviv ve'asita zer-zahav lemisgarto saviv.
've' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you shall make', 'lo' means 'for it', 'misgeret' means 'a clasp or fastener', 'topach' means 'a palm (unit of width)', 'saviv' means 'around or circular', 'zer-zahav' means 'a strip of gold' or 'golden band', 'lemisgarto' means 'for its clasp/fastening', and the final 'saviv' repeats 'around'.
[EXO.25.26] And you shall make for him four golden bowls and you shall set the bowls upon the four feet that are on his four legs. [§]
ve'asi'ta lo arba' tave'ot zahav ve'natata et-hataba'ot al arba' ha'fe'ot asher le'arba' raglav.
've'asi'ta' means 'and you shall make', 'lo' means 'for him', 'arba'' means 'four', 'tave'ot' means 'golden bowls', 'zahav' means 'gold', 've'natata' means 'and you shall set/put', 'et-hataba'ot' means 'the bowls', 'al' means 'upon', 'arba' ha'fe'ot' means 'the four feet', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'le'arba' raglav' means 'on his four legs'.
[EXO.25.27] For the purpose of the enclosure it will become the tablets for houses alone to bear the table. [§]
Leummat ha-misgeret tiheyena ha-tabbaot levatim levadim laset et-hashulchan.
'Leummat' means 'for the purpose of' or 'as the burden of', 'ha-misgeret' means 'the enclosure' or 'the confinement', 'tiheyena' means 'it will become' (feminine singular), 'ha-tabbaot' means 'the tablets' or 'the plates', 'levatim' means 'for houses', 'levadim' means 'alone' or 'separately', 'laset' means 'to lift' or 'to bear', 'et' is the direct object marker, and 'hashulchan' means 'the table' (or 'the meal').
[EXO.25.28] And you shall make the idols of acacia wood, and you shall overlay them with gold, and you shall carry the table upon them. [§]
ve'asi'ta et-habaddim etzei shtim ve'tsifita otam zahav ve'nissa bam et-hashulchan.
've'asi'ta' means 'and you shall make', 'et-habaddim' means 'the idols', 'etzei shtim' means 'of acacia wood', 've'tsifita' means 'and you shall overlay', 'otam' means 'them', 'zahav' means 'gold', 've'nissa bam' means 'and you shall carry upon them', 'et-hashulchan' means 'the table'.
[EXO.25.29] And you shall make his horns and his palms and his hooks and his purifications, which are filled with pure gold, you shall make them. [§]
ve'asita ke'aratav ve'kapotav u'kesotav u'menakkitoyotav asher yusakh bahem zahav tahor ta'aseh otam.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'ke'aratav' means 'his horns', 've'kapotav' means 'and his palms/bands', 'u'kesotav' means 'and his hooks/spikes', 'u'menakkitoyotav' means 'and his cleansings/purifications', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yusakh' means 'is poured/filled', 'bahem' means 'in them', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall make', 'otam' means 'them'.
[EXO.25.30] And you shall set the showbread upon the table before me always. [§]
ve-natata al-hashulchan lechem panim lefanai tamid
've-natata' means 'and you shall put', 'al-hashulchan' means 'upon the table', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'panim' means 'faces' (referring to the showbread), 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'tamid' means 'always'.
[EXO.25.31] And you shall make a pure gold menorah, hammered out; the lampstand shall be made; its branches and its knobs, its cups, its sockets, and its blossoms shall be from it. [§]
veasita menorat zahav tahor miksha teaseh hammenorah yerekah veqana geviyotah kaftoreha ufaracheha mimmen yihyu.
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'menorat' means 'menorah', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'miksha' means 'hammered out', 'teaseh' means 'shall be made', 'hammenorah' means 'the lampstand', 'yerekah' means 'its branches', 'veqana' means 'and its knobs', 'geviyotah' means 'its cups', 'kaftoreha' means 'its sockets', 'ufaracheha' means 'and its blossoms', 'mimmen' means 'from it', 'yihyu' means 'they shall be'.
[EXO.25.32] And six wings go out from its side, three wings of the lamp from its one side, and three wings of the lamp from its second side. [§]
ve-shisha kanim yotze'im mi-tziddeha shlosha knei menorah mi-tzidah ha-echad u-shlosha knei menorah mi-tzidah ha-sheni.
've' means 'and', 'shisha' means 'six', 'kanim' means 'wings' (or 'branches'), 'yotze'im' means 'coming out' or 'going out', 'mi-tziddeha' means 'from its side', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'knei' is the construct form meaning 'wings of', 'menorah' means 'lamp', 'ha-echad' means 'the one' (referring to one side), 'u' means 'and', 'ha-sheni' means 'the second' (referring to the other side).
[EXO.25.33] Three hills spread out in one basket, caper and blossom, and three hills spread out in one basket, caper and blossom. Thus for the six gardens that come out of the lamp. [§]
Shelosha gevim meshukadim baqane haechad kaptopor vaferach veshelosha gevim meshukadim baqane haechad kaptopor varach ken lesheshet hakanim hayotzim min-hamenorah.
'Shelosha' means 'three'. 'Gevim' means 'hills' or 'elevations'. 'Meshukadim' means 'spread out' or 'stretched'. 'Baqane' means 'in the basket' (literally 'in the basket/container'). 'Haechad' means 'the one' or 'the same'. 'Kaptopor' means 'caper' (a type of plant). 'Vaferach' means 'and flower' (or 'blossom'). The phrase repeats for a second set of three hills. 'Ken' means 'thus' or 'so'. 'Lesheshet' means 'for six' or 'to the six'. 'Hakanim' means 'the gardens' or 'the orchards'. 'Hayotzim' means 'that go out' or 'that emerge'. 'Min' means 'from'. 'Hamenorah' means 'the lamp' or 'the menorah'.
[EXO.25.34] And in the lamp four branches, polished, its cups and its blossoms. [§]
u ba menorah arbaah gviyim meshukkadim kaftoreha u peracheha.
'u' means 'and', 'ba' means 'in the', 'menorah' means 'lamp' (a seven‑branched lamp), 'arbaah' means 'four', 'gviyim' means 'branches' or 'limbs', 'meshukkadim' means 'polished' or 'shining', 'kaftoreha' means 'its cups' (the cup‑like receptacles of the lamp), 'u' again means 'and', 'peracheha' means 'its blossoms' (the decorative ornaments of the lamp).
[EXO.25.35] And a handbreadth under the two reeds from it, and a handbreadth under the two reeds from it, and a handbreadth under the two reeds from it, for the six reeds that go out from the lamp. [§]
vekaptor tachat shenei hakannim mimena ve kaptor tachat shenei hakannim mimena ve kaptor tachat shenei hakannim mimena lesheshet hakannim hayotzim min hamnora.
've' means 'and', 'kaptor' means 'handbreadth' (a measure of length), 'tachat' means 'under', 'shenei' means 'two', 'hakannim' means 'the reeds' (or channels), 'mimena' means 'from it', the phrase is repeated three times. 'lesheshet' means 'for six', 'hakannim' again 'the reeds', 'hayotzim' means 'that go out', 'min' means 'from', 'hamnora' means 'the lamp'.
[EXO.25.36] Their cups and their jars will be taken from it; all of it is a single measure of pure gold. [§]
kaptorehem uknotam mimena yihyu kulla miksha achat zahav tahor.
'kaptorehem' means 'their cups', 'uknotam' means 'and their jars', 'mimena' means 'from it', 'yihyu' means 'they will be' or 'will be', 'kulla' means 'all of it', 'miksha' means 'a measure', 'achat' means 'one', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure'.
[EXO.25.37] And you made her lamps seven, and you raised her lamps, and you illuminated upon the surface of her face. [§]
ve'asita et-neroteiha shiva vehe'ela et-neroteha vehe'ir al-ever paneyha.
've' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you made' or 'you did', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'neroteiha' means 'her lamps', 'shiva' means 'seven', 'vehe'ela' means 'and you raised' or 'lifted up', 'vehe'ir' means 'and you illuminated' or 'shone', 'al' means 'upon', 'ever' means 'the other side' or 'surface', 'paneyha' means 'her face'.
[EXO.25.38] And her merchandise and her wares are pure gold. [§]
u-malkacheha u-machtoteha zahav tahor.
'u' means 'and', 'malkacheha' means 'her merchandise', 'machtoteha' means 'her wares' or 'her vessels', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure'.
[EXO.25.39] He will make it of pure gold, all these vessels. [§]
Kikkar zahav tahor ya'aseh otah et kol-hakelim ha'eleh.
'Kikkar' means 'pure' or 'refined', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'clean' or 'pure', 'ya'aseh' means 'he will make', 'otah' means 'it' (feminine object), 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'hakelim' means 'the vessels', 'ha'eleh' means 'these'.
[EXO.25.40] And see and do in their form which you see on the mountain. [§]
ure'eh va'aseh b'tavnitam asher-atah mar'eh bahar
'ure'eh' means 'and see', 'va'aseh' means 'and do', 'b'tavnitam' means 'in their form' (literally 'in their pattern' or 'in their clay'), 'asher-atah' means 'which you', 'mar'eh' means 'see' (present tense), 'bahar' means 'on the mountain'. The final character ס is a scribal notation marking the end of a section and does not affect the translation.
EXO.26
[EXO.26.1] And the tabernacle you shall make ten curtains, six of mashzar, and techelet, and purple, and scarlet; cherubim, a work of a skilled craftsman, you shall make them. [§]
ve'et ha-mishkan ta'aseh eser yeri'ot shesh mashzar u-techelet ve'argaman ve'tola'at shani keruvim ma'aseh choshev ta'aseh otam.
've'et' means 'and the', 'ha-mishkan' means 'tabernacle', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall make', 'eser' means 'ten', 'yeri'ot' means 'curtains', 'shesh' means 'six', 'mashzar' is a type of fine woven material, 'u-techelet' means 'and techelet' (a blue dye), 've'argaman' means 'and purple', 've'tola'at' means 'and scarlet', 'shani' means 'crimson', 'keruvim' means 'cherubim', 'ma'aseh' means 'work', 'choshev' means 'a skilled craftsman', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall make', 'otam' means 'them'.
[EXO.26.2] The length of the one curtain was twenty‑eight cubits, and its width was four cubits; that one curtain was measured one cubit for all the curtains. [§]
Orekh ha-yeri'a ha-achat shmenah ve'esrim ba'amah ve'rokhab arba ba'amah ha-yeri'a ha-achat mida achahat lechol ha-yeri'ot.
'Orekh' means 'length', 'ha-yeri'a' means 'the curtain', 'ha-achat' means 'the one', 'shmenah ve'esrim' means 'eight and twenty' (twenty‑eight), 'ba'amah' means 'in cubits', 've'rokhab' means 'and width', 'arba' means 'four', 'mida' means 'measured', 'achahat' means 'one cubit', 'lechol' means 'for all', 'ha-yeri'ot' means 'the curtains'.
[EXO.26.3] Five of the nets shall be joined to a woman to her sister, and five nets shall be joined to a woman to her sister. [§]
chamesh ha-yeriot tiheyeina chovrot ishah el achotah ve-chamesh yeriyot chovrot ishah el achotah.
'chamesh' means 'five', 'ha-yeriot' means 'the nets', 'tiheyeina' means 'will be', 'chovrot' means 'joined' or 'bound', 'ishah' means 'woman', 'el' means 'to', 'achotah' means 'her sister', 've-chamesh' means 'and five', 'yeriyot' means 'nets' (again).
[EXO.26.4] And you shall make blue knots on the edge of the first linen at the end of the seam; likewise you shall do on the edge of the blue linen in the second seam. [§]
veasita lulot tekhelet al sfat hayria haechat mikatzah bachovaret vechen taase bishfat hayria hakitzonah bammachberet hashnit.
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'lulot' means 'knots' or 'twisted cords', 'tekhelet' means 'blue (dyed) thread', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'sfat' means 'edge' or 'border', 'hayria' means 'the linen', 'haechat' means 'the first', 'mikatzah' means 'from the end' or 'cut off', 'bachovaret' means 'in the seam', 'vechen' means 'and so' or 'likewise', 'taase' means 'you shall do', 'bishfat' means 'in the edge of', 'hakitzonah' means 'the blue (dyed)', 'bammachberet' means 'in the second seam', 'hashnit' means 'the second'.
[EXO.26.5] Fifty spools you shall make in the first curtain, and fifty spools you shall make at the end of the curtain that is in the second chamber; the women gather the spools to their sister. [§]
Chamishim lulot taaseh bayri'ah ha'echat vachamishim lulot taaseh biqtzeh hayri'ah asher bammachberet hashenit maqbilot halulot isha el-akhotah.
'Chamishim' means 'fifty', 'lulot' means 'spools', 'taaseh' means 'you shall make', 'bayri'ah' means 'in the curtain', 'ha'echat' means 'the first', 'vachamishim' means 'and fifty', 'biqtzeh' means 'at the end of', 'hayri'ah' means 'the curtain', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'bammachberet' means 'in the chamber', 'hashenit' means 'the second', 'maqbilot' means 'gatherers', 'halulot' means 'the spools', 'isha' means 'woman', 'el-akhotah' means 'to her sister'.
[EXO.26.6] And you shall make fifty crowns of gold, and you shall bind the woman to her sister in the crowns, and the dwelling shall be one. [§]
veasita chamissim karsei zahav vechivarta et-hayeriot isha el-achotah baqrasim vehayah hamishkan echad.
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'chamissim' means 'fifty', 'karsei' means 'crowns of', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'vechivarta' means 'and you shall bind', 'et-hayeriot' means 'the ...' (the specific garment or covering), 'isha' means 'woman', 'el-achotah' means 'to her sister', 'baqrasim' means 'in the crowns', 'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'hamishkan' means 'the dwelling/settlement', 'echad' means 'one'.
[EXO.26.7] And you shall make goat skins for the tent over the dwelling place; twenty goat skins you shall make them. [§]
ve'asita yeriot izzim le'ohel al-hamishkan ashtei-eshreh yeriot ta'aseh otam.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'yeriot' means 'skins' (specifically goat skins), 'izzim' means 'goats', 'le'ohel' means 'for the tent', 'al-hamishkan' means 'over the dwelling place', 'ashtei-eshreh' means 'twenty', the second 'yeriot' repeats 'skins', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall make', and 'otam' means 'them'.
[EXO.26.8] The length of the first veil is thirty cubits, and its width is four cubits. The one veil is a single measure for making ten veils. [§]
Orekh ha-yeri'ah ha-ahat shloshim ba'amah ve-rochav arba ba'amah. Ha-yeri'ah ha-ahat mida achat le'astei asreh yeriyot.
'Orekh' means 'length', 'ha-yeri'ah' means 'the veil' or 'the curtain', 'ha-ahat' means 'the first', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'ba'amah' means 'in cubits', 've-rochav' means 'and width', 'arba' means 'four', 'ha-yeri'ah ha-ahat' repeats 'the first veil', 'mida' means 'measure', 'achat' means 'one', 'le'astei' means 'for making', 'asreh' means 'ten', 'yeriyot' means 'veils' or 'curtains'.
[EXO.26.9] And you shall join five of the curtains one to another, and six of the curtains one to another, and you shall fold the seventh curtain toward the front of the tent. [§]
vechibarta et chamesh hayeriot levad ve et shesh hayeriot levad ve kipalta et hayeriot hashishit el mul pnei ha ohel.
"vechibarta" means "and you shall join", "et" is a direct object marker, "chamesh" means "five", "hayeriot" means "the curtains", "levad" means "separately" or "one to another", "ve" is "and", "shesh" means "six", "ve kipalta" means "and you shall fold", "hayeriot" again "the curtain", "hashishit" means "the seventh", "el" means "to", "mul" means "opposite" or "facing", "pnei" means "the face of", "ha ohel" means "the tent".
[EXO.26.10] And you shall make fifty panels on the edge of the first veil, the lower cherub, and fifty panels on the edge of the second veil, the higher cherub. [§]
veasita chamissim lulot al sefat hayeria haachat hakitzona bachovaret vechamissim lulot al sefat hayeria hachovaret hasheni.
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'chamissim' means 'fifty', 'lulot' means 'panels' or 'flaps', 'al' means 'on', 'sefat' means 'edge', 'hayeria' means 'the veil', 'haachat' means 'the first', 'hakitzona' means 'the lower', 'bachovaret' means 'of the cherub', 'vechamissim' means 'and fifty', 'hasheni' means 'the second'.
[EXO.26.11] And you shall make fifty bronze vessels, and you shall bring the vessels to the storehouses, and you shall attach the tent, and it shall be one. [§]
ve'asita karsei nechoshet chamissim vehevetah et-hakrasim balul'ot vechivarta et-ha'ohel vehaya echad.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'karsei' means 'metal vessels', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze', 'chamissim' means 'fifty', 'vehevetah' means 'and you shall bring', 'et-hakrasim' means 'the vessels', 'balul'ot' means 'to the storehouses', 'vechivarta' means 'and you shall attach', 'et-ha'ohel' means 'the tent', 'vehaya' means 'and it shall be', 'echad' means 'one'.
[EXO.26.12] And the wandering one will scatter in the curtains of the tent; half of the wandering covering will scatter upon the rear of the dwelling. [§]
ve'serach ha'odef bi'ri'ot ha'ohel chatzi hayri'ah ha'odefet tis'rach al achorei hamishkan
've'serach' means 'and (he) will scatter', 'ha'odef' means 'the wandering', 'bi'ri'ot' means 'in the curtains', 'ha'ohel' means 'the tent', 'chatzi' means 'half', 'hayri'ah' means 'the covering', 'ha'odefet' means 'the wandering (feminine)', 'tis'rach' means 'will scatter', 'al' means 'upon', 'achorei' means 'the backs' or 'rear parts', 'hamishkan' means 'of the dwelling (tabernacle)'.
[EXO.26.13] And the side curtain here and the side curtain there, with a support, in the length of the tent's covering shall be a span on each side of the sanctuary, from this and from that, to cover it. [§]
vehaamma mize vehaamma mize baodef beorekh yeriyot haohel yihyeh saruch al tzidei hamishkan mize umize lekassoto.
'vehaamma' means 'and the side/curtain', 'mize' means 'from this', the second 'vehaamma' repeats 'and the side/curtain', the second 'mize' repeats 'from this', 'baodef' means 'with a support', 'beorekh' means 'in the length', 'yeriyot' means 'the covering/curtain', 'haohel' means 'of the tent', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'saruch' means 'a span', 'al' means 'on', 'tzidei' means 'the sides of', 'hamishkan' means 'the sanctuary', the third 'mize' means 'from this', 'umize' means 'and from this', and 'lekassoto' means 'to cover it'.
[EXO.26.14] And you shall make a covering for the tent of the skins of red goats, and a covering of the skins of turtles from above. [§]
ve'asita mikseh la'ohel orot eilim me'adamim u-mikseh orot techashim milma'la.
've' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you shall make', 'mikseh' means 'covering' or 'cover', 'la'ohel' means 'for the tent', 'orot' means 'skins', 'eilim' means 'goats', 'me'adamim' means 'red', 'u' means 'and', 'mikseh' again means 'covering', 'orot' again means 'skins', 'techashim' means 'turtles' (literally 'tortoises'), 'milma'la' means 'above' or 'from above'.
[EXO.26.15] And you shall make the curtains for the tabernacle, the standing boards of acacia wood. [§]
ve-asita et-hak'rashim la-mishkan atzei shitim omdim.
've' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you shall make', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hak'rashim' means 'the curtains', 'la-mishkan' means 'for the tabernacle', 'atzei' means 'boards of', 'shitim' means 'acacia (shittim) wood', 'omdim' means 'standing' or 'upright'.
[EXO.26.16] Ten cubits the length of the measuring line, and a span and half a span, the width of the measuring line one. [§]
e-sehr ah-mot o-rekh ha-ka-reesh ve-am-mah ve-cha-tsee ha-am-mah rokh-av ha-ka-reesh ha-eh-khad.
'e-sehr' means 'ten', 'ah-mot' means 'cubits', 'o-rekh' means 'length', 'ha-ka-reesh' means 'the measuring line', 've-am-mah' means 'and a span', 've-cha-tsee' means 'and half', 'ha-am-mah' means 'the span', 'rokh-av' means 'width', 'ha-ka-reesh' again 'the measuring line', 'ha-eh-khad' means 'one' (as in a single measurement).
[EXO.26.17] Two hands for the one board, the woman joined to her sister; thus you shall do for all boards of the tabernacle. [§]
shtei yadoot lakresh haechad meshulavot isha el achotah ken taaseh lechol karshai hamishkan.
'shtei' means 'two', 'yadoot' means 'hands', 'lakresh' means 'for the board/plank', 'haechad' means 'the one', 'meshulavot' means 'joined' or 'combined', 'isha' means 'woman', 'el' means 'to/toward', 'achotah' means 'her sister', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'taaseh' means 'you shall do' (imperative), 'lechol' means 'for all', 'karshai' is the construct form of 'karsh' meaning 'boards/planks', 'hamishkan' means 'the tabernacle' or 'the dwelling place'.
[EXO.26.18] And you shall make the cherubs for the sanctuary, twenty keresh for the front of the southern side. [§]
Ve'asita et‑ha'krashim lamishkan esrim keresh lif'at neggavah teimanah.
'Ve'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'ha'krashim' means 'the cherubs', 'lamishkan' means 'for the sanctuary', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'keresh' is a unit of weight or measure (often a silver weight), 'lif''at' means 'for the front of', 'neggavah' means 'the southern side', 'teimanah' means 'south' (direction).
[EXO.26.19] And you shall make forty silver handles beneath the twenty harnesses; two handles beneath the harness of the one for its two hands, and two handles beneath the harness of the one for its two hands. [§]
ve arba'im adnei-kesef ta'aseh tachat esrim hakaresh shnei adanim tachat-hakaresh ha'echad lishtei yedotav ushnei adanim tachat-hakaresh ha'echad lishtei yedotav.
've' means 'and', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'adnei-kesef' means 'silver handles', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall make', 'tachat' means 'under' or 'beneath', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'hakaresh' means 'the harness', 'shnei' means 'two', 'adanim' means 'handles', 'tachat-hakaresh' means 'under the harness', 'ha'echad' means 'the one', 'lishtei' means 'for two', 'yedotav' means 'its hands', 'ushnei' means 'and two'.
[EXO.26.20] And for the side of the second tabernacle at the northern opening, twenty cubits. [§]
Ule-tzelah ha mishkan ha shenit li'fat tzafon esrim karash.
'Ule-tzelah' means 'and for the side/edge', 'ha' means 'the', 'mishkan' means 'tabernacle' or 'tent of meeting', 'ha' again means 'the', 'shenit' means 'second', 'li'fat' means 'for the opening/entrance', 'tzafon' means 'north', 'esrim' means 'twenty', and 'karash' means 'cubit' (a unit of length).
[EXO.26.21] And forty of their silver ornaments, two pillars under the one keresh, and two pillars under the one keresh. [§]
ve'arbaim adneihem kasef shnei adanim tahat hakeresh haechad u'shnei adanim tahat hakeresh haechad.
've' means 'and', 'arbaim' means 'forty', 'adneihem' means 'their ornaments' (from the root meaning ornament or adornment), 'kasef' means 'silver', 'shnei' means 'two', 'adanim' means 'pillars' or 'supporting columns', 'tahat' means 'under', 'ha'keresh' is a proper name or term 'the keresh', 'ha'echad' means 'the one'. The verse lists a quantity of silver ornaments and then describes two pillars placed under the same keresh, repeated for emphasis.
[EXO.26.22] And for the side walls of the tabernacle on the right you shall make six bronze items. [§]
u le yarchetei ha mishkan yama ta'aseh shisha kerashim.
'u' means 'and', 'le' means 'for', 'yarchetei' means 'the side walls' (from the root meaning 'to stretch out' indicating the lateral parts of a structure), 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'mishkan' means 'tabernacle' or 'tent of meeting', 'yama' means 'right' (as a directional term), 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall make', 'shisha' means 'six', and 'kerashim' means 'bronze' (plural form indicating bronze items).
[EXO.26.23] And you shall make two sockets for the tabernacle in the thigh-plates. [§]
Ushnei kerashim taaseh limkutzot hamishkan bayarkatayim.
'Ushnei' means 'and two', 'kerashim' means 'sockets' or 'recesses', 'taaseh' means 'you shall make', 'limkutzot' means 'for the sockets', 'hamishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'bayarkatayim' means 'in the thigh-plates' or 'in the thighs'.
[EXO.26.24] And they will be upright from the group, and together they will be complete upon his head, to the one stamp. Thus it will be for both of them, for the two cleavages, they will be. [§]
ve yihyu to'amim mil-matta veyachdah yihyu tamim al-rosho el hatabbaat ha echat ken yihyeh li shnehem li shnei ha mik tzoot yihyu.
've' means 'and', 'yihyu' means 'they will be', 'to'amim' means 'upright' or 'sober', 'mil-matta' means 'from a troop' or 'of a group', 'veyachdah' means 'together', 'tamim' means 'complete' or 'whole', 'al-rosho' means 'upon his head', 'el' means 'to', 'hatabbaat' means 'the single imprint' or 'the one stamp', 'ha echat' means 'the one', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'yihyeh' means 'it will be', 'li shnehem' means 'for both of them', 'li shnei' means 'for the two', 'ha mik tzoot' means 'the cleavages' or 'the split parts', 'yihyu' means 'they will be'.
[EXO.26.25] And there shall be eight crowns and their ornaments of silver, six, ten ornaments; two ornaments under the one crown and two ornaments under the one crown. [§]
vehayu shmonah kerashim veadnehem kesef shisha asar adanim shnei adanim tachat hakeres haechad ushne adanim tachat hakeres haechad.
'vehayu' means 'and there shall be', 'shmonah' means 'eight', 'kerashim' means 'crowns', 'veadnehem' means 'and their ornaments', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'shisha' means 'six', 'asar' means 'ten', 'adanim' means 'ornaments', 'shnei' means 'two', 'tachat' means 'under', 'hakeres' means 'the crown', 'haechad' means 'the one', 'ushne' is a form of 'shnei' meaning 'and two' used for stylistic balance.
[EXO.26.26] And you shall make for their bricks acacia timbers, five for the rib sockets of the tabernacle, the one. [§]
veasita brehim atzei shittim chamisha lekarshi tzeela hamishkan haechad.
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'brehim' means 'their bricks', 'atzei' means 'timbers of', 'shittim' means 'acacia (wood)', 'chamisha' means 'five', 'lekarshi' means 'for the engravings or sockets', 'tzeela' means 'rib', 'hamishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'haechad' means 'the one'.
[EXO.26.27] And five of their bricks for the seams of the covering of the second tabernacle, and five of their bricks for the seams of the covering of the tabernacle for the side walls, a cubit. [§]
va-chamisha bericham le-karshei tzelah ha-mishkan ha-sheniyah va-chamisha bericham le-karshei tzelah ha-mishkan la-yarkhataim yamma.
'va-chamisha' means 'and five', 'bericham' means 'their bricks', 'le-karshei' means 'for the seams/joints', 'tzelah' means 'covering', 'ha-mishkan' means 'of the tabernacle', 'ha-sheniyah' means 'the second', 'la-yarkhataim' means 'for the side walls', 'yamma' means 'a cubit' (a measure of length).
[EXO.26.28] And the runner in the middle in the midst of the thickets, fleeing from the edge to the edge. [§]
vehabri'ach hatichon betoch hakrashim mabri'ach min hakatse el hakatse.
've' means 'and', 'habri'ach' means 'the runner' (from the root B-R-Y-CH meaning to flee), 'hatichon' means 'the middle', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of', 'hakrashim' means 'the thickets' or 'the shrubs', 'mabri'ach' means 'fleeing' or 'escaping', 'min' means 'from', 'hakatse' means 'the edge', 'el' means 'to'.
[EXO.26.29] And you shall cover the crowns with gold, and make their cups of gold, houses for their braziers, and you shall cap their braziers with gold. [§]
ve-et haqrashim tetsappeh zahav ve-et tav'oteihem ta'aseh zahav batim labri'acham ve-tzipita et habri'acham zahav.
've-et' means 'and (the)', 'haqrashim' is a plural noun likely meaning 'crowns' or decorative headpieces, 'tetsappeh' means 'you shall cover', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tav'oteihem' means 'their cups or vessels', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall make', 'batim' means 'houses' or 'structures', 'labri'acham' means 'for their braziers (bronze vessels)', 've-tzipita' means 'and you shall cap', 'habri'acham' means 'their braziers', 'zahav' again means 'gold'.
[EXO.26.30] Yahveh established the tabernacle according to his judgment which Yahveh showed on the mountain. [§]
Vaheqemotah et ha mishkan ke mishpato asher hareita ba har.
'Vaheqemotah' means 'and He established', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha mishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'ke' means 'according to', 'mishpato' means 'his judgment', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hareita' means 'He showed', 'ba har' means 'on the mountain'. The divine references are rendered with the literal name 'Yahveh'.
[EXO.26.31] And you shall make a covering of blue, purple, scarlet, crimson, and fine linen, a skillful work, that it shall be made by cherubim. [§]
ve'asita parokhet techelet ve'argaman ve'tola'at shani ve'shesh mashzar ma'aseh choshev ya'aseh otah keruvim.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'parokhet' means 'covering' or 'curtain', 'techelet' means 'blue', 've'argaman' means 'and purple', 've'tola'at' means 'and scarlet', 'shani' means 'crimson', 've'shesh' means 'and fine linen', 'mashzar' means 'woven' or 'crushed' (here understood as a type of fabric), 'ma'aseh' means 'work' or 'craft', 'choshev' means 'skillful' or 'thought-out', 'ya'aseh' means 'shall make', 'otah' means 'it', 'keruvim' means 'cherubim'.
[EXO.26.32] And you shall give it upon four pillars of acacia overlaid with gold and its gold upon four plates of silver. [§]
ve-natata otah al arba'ah amudei shittim metzupim zahav vaveihem zahav al arba'ah adnei-kasef.
've-natata' means 'and you shall give', 'otah' means 'it' (feminine object), 'al' means 'upon', 'arba'ah' means 'four', 'amudei' means 'pillars of', 'shittim' means 'acacia (wood)', 'metzupim' means 'overlaid', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'vaveihem' means 'and its [something]', 'zahav' repeats 'gold', 'al' again means 'upon', 'arba'ah' again 'four', 'adnei' means 'plates of', 'kasef' means 'silver'.
[EXO.26.33] And you shall give the veil under the brazen, and you shall bring there from the house of the veil the ark of the testimony, and you shall separate the veil for you between the holy and between the holy of holies. [§]
ve-natata et ha-parokhet tachat ha-krasim ve-heveita shammah mi-beit la-parokhet et aron ha-edut ve-hivdila ha-parokhet lakhem bein ha-kodesh u-bein kodesh ha-kodashim.
've-natata' means 'and you shall give', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'ha-parokhet' means 'the veil', 'tachat' means 'under', 'ha-krasim' means 'the brazen (things)', 've-heveita' means 'and you shall bring', 'shammah' means 'there', 'mi-beit' means 'from the house of', 'la-parokhet' means 'to the veil', 'et' again the object marker, 'aron' means 'ark', 'ha-edut' means 'of testimony', 've-hivdila' means 'and you shall separate', 'ha-parokhet' again 'the veil', 'lakhem' means 'for you', 'bein' means 'between', 'ha-kodesh' means 'the holy', 'u-bein' means 'and between', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'ha-kodashim' means 'the holy ones' (referring to the Holy of Holies).
[EXO.26.34] And you shall give the atonement upon the ark of testimony in the holy of holies. [§]
ve-natata et-hakapporet al aron ha-edut beqodesh ha-qodashim.
've' means 'and', 'natata' means 'you will give', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'hakapporet' means 'the atonement', 'al' means 'upon', 'aron' means 'ark', 'ha-edut' means 'the testimony', 'be' means 'in', 'qodesh' means 'holy', 'ha-qodashim' means 'the holy ones' (referring to the most holy place).
[EXO.26.35] And you shall place the table outside the doorway, and the lamp opposite the table on the south side of the sanctuary, and you shall set the table on the north side. [§]
Ve'samta et-hashulchan michutz la'parokhet ve'et-hamenorah nokhach ha'shulchan al tzel'a ha'mishkan teimanah ve'ha'shulchan titen al-tzel'a tzafon.
'Ve'samta' means 'and you shall place', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hashulchan' means 'the table', 'michutz' means 'outside', 'la'parokhet' means 'the doorway/opening', 've'et' means 'and the', 'hamenorah' means 'the lamp', 'nokhach' means 'opposite', 'al' means 'on', 'tzel'a' means 'side', 'ha'mishkan' means 'the sanctuary/tabernacle', 'teimanah' means 'southern', 've'ha'shulchan' means 'and the table', 'titen' means 'you shall set', 'al-tzel'a' means 'on the side', 'tzafon' means 'northern'.
[EXO.26.36] And you shall make a screen for the entrance of the tent of blue, purple, scarlet, crimson, and fine twisted linen, the work of a weaver. [§]
ve'asita masach lepetach ha'ohel techelet ve'argaman ve'tola'at shani ve'shesh mashzar ma'aseh rokhem.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'masach' means 'a screen', 'lepetach' means 'for the entrance', 'ha'ohel' means 'of the tent', 'techelet' means 'blue', 've'argaman' means 'and purple', 've'tola'at' means 'and scarlet', 'shani' means 'crimson', 've'shesh' means 'and fine', 'mashzar' means 'twisted linen', 'ma'aseh' means 'work of', 'rokhem' means 'a weaver'.
[EXO.26.37] And you shall make for the covering five columns of shittim wood, and you shall overlay them with gold, and their gold, and you shall cast for them five bronze bars. [§]
ve'asita lammasach chamisha amudei shtim ve'tzipita otam zahav vaveihem zahav ve'yatzakta lahem chamisha adnei nechoshet.
've'asita' means 'and you will make', 'lammasach' means 'for the covering', 'chamisha' means 'five', 'amudei' means 'columns of', 'shtim' is a type of wood (shittim), 've'tzipita' means 'and you will overlay', 'otam' means 'them', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'vaveihem' means 'and their (something) gold', 've'yatzakta' means 'and you shall cast', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'adnei' means 'bars/rods of', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'.
EXO.27
[EXO.27.1] And you shall make the altar of wooden sticks, five cubits long and five cubits wide; the altar shall be square, and its height shall be three cubits. [§]
ve'asita et-hamizbe'ach atsei shitim chamesh amot orekh vechamesh amot rokhav ravua yihyeh hamizbe'ach ve-shalosh amot komato.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'et-hamizbe'ach' means 'the altar', 'atsei' means 'of wood', 'shitim' means 'sticks', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'amot' means 'cubit measurements', 'orek' means 'long', 'vechamesh' means 'and five', 'rokhav' means 'wide', 'ravua' means 'square', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 've-shalosh' means 'and three', 'komato' means 'its height'.
[EXO.27.2] And you shall make its horns upon its four corners; from it shall be its horns, and you shall crown it with bronze. [§]
Ve'asita karnotav al arba pinotav mimenu tihyeina karnotav ve'tzipita oto nechoshet.
'Ve' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you shall make', 'karnotav' means 'its horns', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'arba' means 'four', 'pinotav' means 'its corners', 'mimenu' means 'from it', 'tihyeina' means 'they shall be' (referring to the horns), 'karnotav' again means 'its horns', 've' means 'and', 'tzpiita' means 'you shall crown' or 'you shall put a crown on', 'oto' means 'it', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'.
[EXO.27.3] And you shall make his vessels for its sprinkling, and its outlets, and its sprayers, and its ladles, and its clasps; for all its utensils you shall make bronze. [§]
ve'asita sirotav leda shno ve'yaav u'mizrekotav u'mizlegotav machtotav lekholkelav ta'aseh nechoshet.
've' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you shall make', 'sirotav' means 'his vessels/pots', 'leda shno' means 'for its sprinkling', 've' means 'and', 'yaav' means 'its outlets/spouts', 'u'' means 'and', 'mizrekotav' means 'its sprayers/pitchers', 'u'' means 'and', 'mizlegotav' means 'its ladles', 'u'' means 'and', 'machtotav' means 'its clasps/handles', 'lekholkelav' means 'for all its utensils', 'ta''aseh' means 'you shall make', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'.
[EXO.27.4] And you shall make for him a furnace, the work of copper mesh, and you shall make on the mesh four copper plates upon its four corners. [§]
Veasita lo mikbar ma'aseh reshet nechoshet veasita al hareshet arba tabeot nechoshet al arba ketzotav.
'Veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'lo' means 'for him', 'mikbar' means 'a furnace', 'ma'aseh' means 'the work', 'reshet nechoshet' means 'copper mesh', 'veasita' again means 'and you shall make', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'hareshet' means 'the mesh', 'arba' means 'four', 'tabeot nechoshet' means 'copper plates', 'al' again means 'upon', 'arba' means 'four', 'ketzotav' means 'its corners'. The verse is a command describing the construction of a copper furnace with a mesh and four copper plates at its corners.
[EXO.27.5] And you shall set it under the chariot of the altar from the left side, and the remainder shall be until half of the altar. [§]
ve-natatta otah tachat karkov ha-mizbeach milmata ve-hayetah ha-reshet ad chatzi ha-mizbeach.
've-natatta' means 'and you shall set', 'otah' means 'it (feminine)', 'tachat' means 'under', 'karkov' means 'chariot' (or 'carriage'), 'ha-mizbeach' means 'the altar', 'milmata' means 'from the left side', 've-hayetah' means 'and it shall be', 'ha-reshet' means 'the remainder', 'ad' means 'until', 'chatzi' means 'half', 'ha-mizbeach' means 'the altar' again.
[EXO.27.6] And you shall make basins for the altar, basins of shittah wood, and you shall cast them in bronze. [§]
ve'asita badim lamizbeach badei atei shittim ve'tzipita otam nechoshet.
've' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you shall make', 'badim' means 'basins', 'lamizbeach' means 'for the altar', 'badei' means 'of basins' (or 'the basins'), 'atei' means 'of the wood', 'shittim' means 'shittah trees', 've' means 'and', 'tzipita' means 'you shall cast' or 'overlay', 'otam' means 'them', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'.
[EXO.27.7] And he will bring the blood into the tabernacle, and the gifts will be upon the two slabs of the altar in carrying it. [§]
vehuva et badav battabaot vehayu habadim al shtei tsalot hamizbeach biset oto.
've' means 'and', 'huva' means 'he will bring', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'badav' means 'the blood', 'battabaot' means 'in the tabernacle', 'vehayu' means 'and they will be', 'habadim' means 'the gifts', 'al' means 'upon', 'shtei' means 'two', 'tsalot' means 'slabs', 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'biset' means 'in carrying', 'oto' means 'it'.
[EXO.27.8] Make tablets as you will do it, as He showed you on the mountain, thus they will do. [§]
nevuub luchot ta'aseh oto ka'aser her'ah otkha bahar ken ya'asu.
'nevuub' means 'make', 'luchot' means 'tablets', 'ta'aseh' means 'you will do/make', 'oto' means 'it', 'ka'aser' means 'as', 'her'ah' means 'showed', 'otkha' means 'you (masc)', 'bahar' means 'on the mountain', 'ken' means 'thus', 'ya'asu' means 'they will do'.
[EXO.27.9] And you shall make the courtyard of the tabernacle on the southwest side, with slabs for the courtyard, six cubits long by one hundred cubits in length for the single opening. [§]
veasita et chatzar hamishkan lifat negev teimah kelaim lechatzer shesh mashzar mea baamma orekh lafeah haechat
'veasita' means 'and you shall do', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'chatzar' means 'courtyard', 'hamishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'lifat' means 'on the side of', 'negev teimah' means 'southwest', 'kelaim' likely refers to 'slabs' or 'blocks', 'lechatzer' means 'for the courtyard', 'shesh' means 'six', 'mashzar' is a measure of length (cubits), 'mea' means 'one hundred', 'baamma' means 'in cubits', 'orekh' means 'length', 'lafeah' means 'for the opening', 'haechat' means 'the one'.
[EXO.27.10] and its pillars twenty and its adornments twenty bronze and the tops of the pillars and their ornaments silver. [§]
veamudav esrim veadnehem esrim nechoshet vavei haamudim vachashukehem kesef
'veamudav' means 'and its pillars', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'veadn\u00e9hem' means 'and its adornments', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze', 'vavei' means 'and the tops', 'haamudim' means 'of the pillars', 'vachashukehem' means 'and their ornaments', 'kesef' means 'silver'.
[EXO.27.11] And thus for the opening of the north, in the length, there are hundred segments of length, and its column is twenty, and their adornments are twenty bronze, and the columns are bronze, and their ornaments are silver. [§]
vechen li'fat tzafon ba'orek kelaim me'ah orek ve'amudav esrim ve'adnehem esrim nechoshet vavei ha'amudim vachashukehem kesef.
'vechen' means 'and thus', 'li'fat' means 'to the opening' or 'for the opening', 'tzafon' means 'north', 'ba'orek' means 'in the length', 'kelaim' means 'segments' or 'parts', 'me'ah' means 'hundred', 'orek' means 'length', 've'amudav' means 'and its column', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 've'adnehem' means 'and their adornments', 'esrim' (again) means 'twenty', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze', 'vavei' means 'and the', 'ha'amudim' means 'the columns', 'vachashukehem' means 'and their ornaments', 'kesef' means 'silver'.
[EXO.27.12] And the breadth of the courtyard facing the sea was fifty cubits; its pillars were ten and its bases ten. [§]
ve-rochav ha-chatzer li'fat yam kela'im chamisshim ammah amudeihem asarah ve-adnehem asarah.
've' means 'and', 'rochav' means 'breadth' or 'width', 'ha-chatzer' means 'the courtyard', 'li'fat yam' means 'facing the sea' or 'to the sea side', 'kela'im' means 'stakes' or 'posts', 'chamisshim' means 'fifty', 'ammah' means 'cubits', 'amudeihem' means 'their pillars', 'asarah' means 'ten', 've' again means 'and', 'adnehem' means 'their bases' or 'foundations', 'asarah' again means 'ten'.
[EXO.27.13] And the width of the courtyard toward the east, eastward, was fifty cubits. [§]
ve-rochav ha-chatzer li-fat kedma mizracha chamisim amma.
've' means 'and', 'rochav' means 'width', 'ha-chatzer' means 'the courtyard', 'li-fat' means 'toward' or 'to the side of', 'kedma' means 'east', 'mizracha' means 'eastward' or 'from the east', 'chamisim' means 'fifty', 'amma' means 'cubits'.
[EXO.27.14] And fifteen cubits of clefts for the shoulder, their pillars three, and their braces three. [§]
wahamesh esreh amah klalim lakatef amudehem sheloshah veadanehem sheloshah.
'wahamesh' means 'and fifteen', 'esreh' is part of the number phrase meaning 'ten' but combined with 'wahamesh' forms 'fifteen'; 'amah' means 'cubit', a unit of length; 'klalim' means 'clefts' or 'slots'; 'lakatef' means 'for the shoulder'; 'amudehem' means 'their pillars' or 'their columns'; 'sheloshah' means 'three'; 'veadanehem' means 'and their braces' or 'their bolts'; the second 'sheloshah' again means 'three'.
[EXO.27.15] And to the second shoulder fifteen sections, their columns three, and their pillars three. [§]
ve la-katef ha-shenit chamesh esreh kelaim amudeihem shlosha ve adnehem shlosha.
've' means 'and', 'la-katef' means 'to the shoulder' (or 'to the side'), 'ha-shenit' means 'the second', 'chamesh esreh' means 'fifteen', 'kelaim' means 'sections' or 'pieces' (literal root "cleft"), 'amudeihem' means 'their columns', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'adnehem' means 'their pillars' or 'their supports', the final 'shlosha' again means 'three'.
[EXO.27.16] And at the gate of the courtyard a covering of twenty cubits of blue, purple, and scarlet linen, and six twisted cords of woven work; their pillars were four, and their arches were four. [§]
Ulesha'ar ha chatzer masach esrim amah techelet ve argaman ve tolaat shani ve shesh mashzar maaseh rokem amudeihem arbaah ve adneihem arbaah.
'Ulesha\'ar' means 'and at the gate', 'ha' means 'the', 'chatzer' means 'courtyard', 'masach' means 'covering' or 'curtain', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'amah' means 'cubits', 'techelet' means 'blue (dyed) linen', 've' means 'and', 'argaman' means 'purple', 'tolaat' means 'scarlet', 'shani' means 'scarlet (color)', 'shesh' means 'six', 'mashzar' means 'strands' or 'twisted cords', 'maaseh' means 'work' or 'craft', 'rokem' means 'woven', 'amudeihem' means 'their pillars', 'arbaah' means 'four', 'adneihem' means 'their arches', 'arbaah' again means 'four'.
[EXO.27.17] All the columns of the courtyard around were shining silver, and its pillars were silver, and its bases were bronze. [§]
Kol amudei ha chatzer saviv mechushakim kesef vavehem kassef veadneihem nechoshet.
'Kol' means 'all', 'amudei' means 'columns of', 'ha chatzer' means 'the courtyard', 'saviv' means 'around', 'mechushakim' means 'shining', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'vavehem' means 'and its pillars', 'kassef' means 'silver', 'veadneihem' means 'and its bases', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'.
[EXO.27.18] The length of the courtyard was one hundred cubits, and the width fifty by fifty, and the height five cubits, six spans, and its hinges were of bronze. [§]
Orekh hachatser meah bammah ve-rohav khamishim bachamishim ve-qomah khamesh amot shesh mashzar ve-adnehem nechoshet.
'Orekh' means 'length', 'hachatser' means 'the courtyard', 'meah' means 'one hundred', 'bammah' means 'cubits', 've-rohav' means 'and width', 'khamishim' means 'fifty', 'bachamishim' means 'by fifty', 've-qomah' means 'and height', 'khamesh amot' means 'five cubits', 'shesh mashzar' means 'six spans', 've-adnehem' means 'and their hinges', 'nechoshet' means 'of bronze'.
[EXO.27.19] All the vessels of the tabernacle, in all its service, and all its bases, and all the bases of the copper courtyard. [§]
Lechol klei hamishkan bechol avodato vechol yetedotav vechol yitdot hechazer nechoshet.
'Lechol' means 'of all' or 'for all', 'klei' means 'vessels' or 'utensils', 'hamishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'bechol' means 'in all' or 'with all', 'avodato' means 'its work' or 'its service', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'yetedotav' means 'its bases' (the bases belonging to it), 'vechol' again means 'and all', 'yitdot' means 'the bases' (of something else), 'hechazer' means 'the courtyard', 'nechoshet' means 'of copper' or 'copper'.
[EXO.27.20] And you shall command the children of Israel, and they shall take to you pure olive oil, beaten for the lamp, to set up a continual light. [§]
ve'atta tetsaveh et-b'nei Yisrael ve'yikchu elcha shemen zayit zakh kathit lamaar lehaalot ner tamid.
've' means 'and', 'atta' means 'you', 'tetsaveh' means 'shall command', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'b'nei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've' means 'and', 'yikchu' means 'they shall take', 'elcha' means 'to you', 'shemen' means 'oil', 'zayit' means 'olive', 'zakh' means 'pure', 'kathit' means 'beaten', 'lamaar' means 'for the lamp', 'lehaalot' means 'to set up', 'ner' means 'light', 'tamid' means 'continual'.
[EXO.27.21] In the tent of meeting outside the curtains which are on the testimony, Aaron will set it up with his sons from evening until morning before Yahveh, an everlasting law for their generations from the children of Israel. [§]
Be'ohel mo'ed michutz la'parokhet asher al-ha'edut ya'aroch oto Aharon uvanav me'erev ad-boker lifnei Yahveh chukat olam ledorotam me'et Bnei Yisrael.
'Be' ohel' means 'in the tent', 'mo'ed' means 'meeting' or 'assembly', 'michutz' means 'outside', 'la'parokhet' means 'the curtains', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'al' means 'on' or 'over', 'ha'edut' means 'the testimony', 'ya'aroch' means 'will arrange' or 'will set up', 'oto' means 'it', 'Aharon' is the personal name Aaron, 'uvanav' means 'and his sons', 'me'erev' means 'from evening', 'ad-boker' means 'until morning', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'chukat' means 'law' or 'statute', 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'eternal', 'le-dorotam' means 'for their generations', 'me'et' means 'from the hand of' or 'by the agency of', 'Bnei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
EXO.28
[EXO.28.1] And you shall bring near to yourself Aaron your brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, to be priest for me: Aaron, Nadav and Avihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, the sons of Aaron. [§]
Ve'atta hakarev elekha et-Aharon achikha ve'et-vanav ito mitokh b'nei Yisrael lekehen li Aharon Nadav v'Avihu Eleazar v'Ithamar b'nei Aharon.
'Ve'atta' means 'and you', 'hakarev' means 'shall bring near', 'elekha' means 'to yourself', 'et-Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'achikha' means 'your brother', 've'et-vanav' means 'and his sons', 'ito' means 'with him', 'mitokh' means 'from among', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'lekehen' means 'to be priest', 'li' means 'for me', 'Nadav' and 'Avihu' are proper names, 'Eleazar' and 'Ithamar' are proper names, 'b'nei Aharon' means 'the sons of Aaron'.
[EXO.28.2] And you shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother for glory and for beauty. [§]
veasita bigdeikodesh leAharon achikha lekavod uletifaret
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'bigdeikodesh' means 'holy garments', 'leAharon' means 'for Aaron', 'achikha' means 'your brother', 'lekavod' means 'for glory', 'uletifaret' means 'and for beauty'.
[EXO.28.3] And you shall speak to all the wise of heart that you have filled with the spirit of wisdom, and they shall make the garments of Aaron to consecrate him as my priest. [§]
Ve'attah tedabber el kol chakmei lev asher mil'eti roach chokmah ve'asu et bigdei Aharon le-kadosho le-kaheno li.
'Ve'attah' means 'and you', 'tedabber' means 'shall speak', 'el' means 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 'chakmei' means 'wisdoms', 'lev' means 'heart', 'asher' means 'that', 'mil'eti' means 'you have filled', 'roach' means 'spirit', 'chokmah' means 'wisdom', 've'asu' means 'and they shall make', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'bigdei' means 'garments of', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'le-kadosho' means 'to consecrate him', 'le-kaheno' means 'as my priest', 'li' means 'for me' or 'my'.
[EXO.28.4] And these are the garments which they shall make: the breastpiece, the ephod, the robe, the tunic of colored cloth, the fine linen, the blue robe; and they shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother and for his sons, for the priesthood. [§]
ve'eleh habgadin asher yas'u choshen ve'epod umei'il u'ktonet tashbets mitznefet ve'avnet ve'asu bigdei-kodesh leaharon achikha ulevanaiv lekahon li.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'habgadin' means 'the garments', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yas'u' means 'they shall make', 'choshen' means 'breastpiece', 've'epod' means 'and ephod', 'umei'il' means 'and robe', 'u'ktonet' means 'and tunic', 'tashbets' means 'of a colored cloth', 'mitznefet' means 'of fine linen', 've'avnet' means 'and a blue robe', 've'asu' means 'and they shall make', 'bigdei-kodesh' means 'holy garments', 'leaharon' means 'for Aaron', 'achikha' means 'your brother', 'ulevanaiv' means 'and his sons', 'lekahon' means 'to the priesthood', 'li' means 'of me' or 'for me'.
[EXO.28.5] And they will take the gold, the silver, the purple, the scarlet, and the fine linen. [§]
ve-hem yikchu et ha-zahav ve-et ha-techelet ve-et ha-argaman ve-et tola'at ha-shani ve-et ha-sesh.
've-hem' means 'and they', 'yikchu' means 'will take', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha-zahav' means 'the gold', 've-et' means 'and the', 'ha-techelet' means 'the silver', 'ha-argaman' means 'the purple', 'tola'at ha-shani' means 'the scarlet', 'ha-sesh' means 'the fine linen'.
[EXO.28.6] And they shall make the ephod of gold, turquoise, and scarlet, a woven linen, and six twisted threads, a work of skill. [§]
Ve'asu et ha-ephod zahav tekhelet ve'argaman tolat shani ve'shesh mashzar ma'aseh choshev.
'Ve'asu' means 'and they shall make', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-ephod' means 'the ephod' (a priestly garment), 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tekhelet' means 'turquoise' or 'blue stone', 've'argaman' means 'and scarlet' (a red-purple dye), 'tolat' means 'woven work' or 'twisted fabric', 'shani' means 'linen', 've'shesh' means 'and six', 'mashzar' means 'twisted' or 'spun', 'ma'aseh' means 'work' or 'craft', 'choshev' means 'skillful' or 'thoughtful'.
[EXO.28.7] Two joined shoulders will be for him to the two ends of it and joined. [§]
shtei ketephot chovrot yiheyeh-lo el shnei ketsotav vechubar.
'shtei' means 'two' (feminine). 'ketephot' means 'shoulders'. 'chovrot' means 'joined' or 'connected'. 'yiheyeh-lo' means 'it will be to him' (yiheyeh = will be, lo = to him). 'el' here is the preposition 'to', not the divine name. 'shnei' means 'two' (masculine construct). 'ketsotav' means 'its ends' (ketsot = ends, -av = its). 'vechubar' means 'and joined' (ve- = and, chubar = joined).
[EXO.28.8] And the account of his pledge which is upon it, according to his work, from him shall be gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and six twisted threads. [§]
veheshev apudato asher alav kemas'ehhu mimenu yihyeh zahav techelet veargaman vetola'at shani veshesh mashzar.
'veheshev' means 'and the account', 'apudato' means 'of his pledge or guarantee', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'kemas'ehhu' means 'according to his work', 'mimenu' means 'from him', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'techelet' means 'blue (sky‑color)', 'veargaman' means 'and purple', 'vetola'at shani' means 'and scarlet (crimson)', 'veshesh' means 'and six', 'mashzar' means 'twisted (threads)'.
[EXO.28.9] And you shall take the two stones of the covenant and set them; upon them shall be the names of the children of Israel. [§]
Ve-lakachta et shtei avnei-soham u-pitahta aleihem shemot b'nei Yisrael.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you shall take', 'et' is a direct-object marker (not rendered), 'shtei' means 'two', 'avnei' means 'stones of', 'soham' means 'covenant', 'u-pitahta' means 'and you shall set/lay', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'shemot' means 'names', 'b'nei' means 'of the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.28.10] Six of their names upon the one stone, and the names of the six remaining upon the second stone as their children. [§]
shisha mishmotam al ha'evan ha'echat ve'et shemot hashisha hanoterim al ha'evan hasheni ketoldotam.
'shisha' means 'six', 'mishmotam' means 'their names', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha'evan' means 'the stone', 'ha'echat' means 'the one', 've'et' means 'and the', 'shemot' means 'names', 'hashisha' means 'of the six', 'hanoterim' means 'the remaining', 'hasheni' means 'the second', 'ketoldotam' means 'their children' or 'their offspring'.
[EXO.28.11] Work of a stonecutter, a stone, the seal's openings, you shall open the two stones on the names of the children of Israel, surrounded with golden adornment, you shall make them. [§]
Ma'aseh charash even pittuche chotam tefatach et shtei ha'avanim al shemot bnei yisrael musabot mishbatzot zahav ta'ase otam.
'Ma'aseh' means 'work', 'charash' means 'he carved' or 'a carver', 'even' means 'stone', 'pittuche' means 'openings' or 'gaps', 'chotam' means 'seal', 'tefatach' means 'you will open', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shtei' means 'two', 'ha'avanim' means 'the stones', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'shemot' means 'names', 'bnei' means 'children of' or 'sons of', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'musabot' means 'surrounded' or 'encircled', 'mishbatzot' means 'adorned with' or 'set with', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'ta'ase' means 'you shall make' or 'you shall do', 'otam' means 'them'.
[EXO.28.12] And you shall set the two stones on the shoulders of the ephod, stones of remembrance for the children of Israel; and Aaron shall bear their names before Yahveh on the two shoulders for remembrance. [§]
Veshamta et-shtei ha'avanim al kitfot ha'efod avnei zikaron livnei Yisrael venasa Aaron et-shemotam lifnei Yahveh al-shtei ketevav le-zikaron.
'Veshamta' means 'you shall set', 'et-shtei' means 'the two', 'ha'avanim' means 'the stones', 'al' means 'on', 'kitfot' means 'shoulders', 'ha'efod' means 'the ephod', 'avnei' means 'stones of', 'zikaron' means 'remembrance', 'livnei' means 'for the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'venasa' means 'and shall bear', 'Aaron' is the name Aaron, 'et-shemotam' means 'their names', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'al-shtei' means 'on the two', 'ketevav' means 'his shoulders', 'le-zikaron' means 'for remembrance'.
[EXO.28.13] and you shall make golden bracelets. [§]
ve-asi-ta mishbatzot zahav.
've' means 'and', 'asi' means 'you shall make' (masculine singular), 'mishbatzot' means 'bracelets' (plural noun), 'zahav' means 'gold'.
[EXO.28.14] and two pure gold bracelets from the borders you shall make them a work of craft and you shall give the bracelets the crafted ones upon the girdles. [§]
ushete sharsherot zahav tahor migbalot taase otam maase avot venatata et sharsherot haavot al hamishbetzot.
'ushete' means 'and two', 'sharsherot' means 'bracelets' or 'chains', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'migbalot' means 'from the borders', 'taase' means 'you shall make', 'otam' means 'them', 'maase' means 'work of', 'avot' is a form of 'work' or 'craft', 'venatata' means 'and you shall give', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'sharsherot' again means 'bracelets', 'haavot' means 'the ...' (related to the previous 'avot'), 'al' means 'upon', 'hamishbetzot' means 'the girdles' or 'the loins'.
[EXO.28.15] And you shall make a breastplate of judgment, a work of the skillful craftsman, like the work of an ephod; of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen you shall make it. [§]
veasita choshen mishpat maaseh choshev kemaaseh ephod taasenno zahav techelet veargaman vetholaat shani veshesh mashzar taaseh oto.
'veasita' means 'you shall make', 'choshen' is the term for a breastplate, 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'maaseh' means 'work', 'choshev' means 'skillful' or 'thoughtful', 'kemaaseh' means 'like the work of', 'ephod' is a priestly garment, 'taasenno' means 'you shall make it', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'techelet' means 'blue', 'veargaman' means 'and purple', 'vetholaat' means 'and scarlet', 'shani' also means 'scarlet' (a poetic duplicate), 'veshesh' means 'and six', 'mashzar' means 'twisted' referring to fine linen, 'taaseh' means 'you shall make', 'oto' means 'it'.
[EXO.28.16] A square will be a palm in its length and a palm in its width. [§]
Ravua yihyeh kaphul zeret arko vezeret rachvo.
'Ravua' means 'square', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'kaphul' means 'like a palm' (kaf meaning 'palm of the hand'), 'zeret' means 'a palm-length' (a unit of measurement), 'arko' means 'its length', 'vezeret' means 'and a palm-length', 'rachvo' means 'its width'.
[EXO.28.17] And you filled it with a quantity of stone, four raw stones, a raw crimson splinter and a sparkle, the one raw. [§]
ummilleta bo milluat even arbaah turim avon tur odhem pittdah uvaraket hatur haechad.
'ummilleta' means 'and you filled', 'bo' means 'in it', 'milluat' means 'a quantity of', 'even' means 'stone', 'arbaah' means 'four', 'turim' means 'raw (plural)', 'avon' means 'stone', 'tur' means 'raw', 'odhem' means 'crimson', 'pittdah' means 'splinter', 'uvaraket' means 'and a sparkle', 'hatur' means 'the raw', 'haechad' means 'the one'.
[EXO.28.18] And the second bull, a spinning sapphire, and (it) shall shine. [§]
ve ha-tur ha-sheni nofech safir ve yahalom.
've' means 'and', 'ha-tur' means 'the bull', 'ha-sheni' means 'the second', 'nofech' means 'spinning' or 'turning', 'safir' means 'sapphire', the second 've' again means 'and', 'yahalom' is a rare verb meaning 'to shine' or 'to be bright'.
[EXO.28.19] And the third tier for the name of his return and ash. [§]
ve-hatur ha-shlishi le-shem shvo ve-achlamah.
've' means 'and', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'tur' is a noun meaning 'row' or 'tier', 'ha-shlishi' means 'the third', 'le-shem' means 'for the name of' or 'to the name', 'shvo' is a form of the verb 'to return' meaning 'his return', 've' again means 'and', 'achlamah' is a noun meaning 'ash' or 'ruinous thing'.
[EXO.28.20] And the fourth tower, Tarshish, Shoham, and Yashpeh, adorned with gold, will be in their fullness. [§]
veha-tur harevii tarshish veShoham veYashpeh meshubatzim zahav yihyu be-mil'otam.
'Ve' means 'and', 'ha-tur' means 'the tower', 'harevii' means 'the fourth', 'tarshish' is a proper name (Tarshish), 'veShoham' means 'and Shoham' (proper name), 'veYashpeh' means 'and Yashpeh' (proper name), 'meshubatzim' means 'adorned' or 'clothed', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'yihyu' means 'they will be', 'be-mil'otam' means 'in their fullness' or 'in their abundance'.
[EXO.28.21] And the stones shall be upon the names of the sons of Israel, twelve upon their names; each man's seal opening shall be on his name for the twelve tribes. [§]
vehaavanim tihyeun al-shemot bnei Yisrael shteim esreh al-shemotam pittuchei chotam ish al-shmo tihyeh lishnei asar shavet.
'vehaavanim' means 'and the stones', 'tihyeun' means 'shall be', 'al-shemot' means 'upon the names', 'bnei Yisrael' means 'the sons of Israel', 'shteim esreh' means 'twelve', 'al-shemotam' means 'upon their names', 'pittuchei chotam' means 'seal openings', 'ish' means 'each man', 'al-shmo' means 'upon his name', 'tihyeh' means 'shall be', 'lishnei asar' means 'for the twelve', 'shavet' means 'tribes'.
[EXO.28.22] And you shall make upon the bronze the foundations of the border, a work of pure gold. [§]
veasita al ha choshen sharshot gablut maase avot zahav tahor.
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha choshen' means 'the bronze', 'sharshot' means 'foundations' or 'roots', 'gablut' means 'border' or 'edge', 'maase' means 'work' or 'deed', 'avot' means 'crafted' or 'of the work', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure'.
[EXO.28.23] And you shall make upon the incense two golden bowls and you shall put the two bowls upon the two ends of the incense. [§]
ve'asita al hachosen shtei tav'ot zahav ve'natata et shtei ha-tav'ot al shnei qetzot hachosen.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'al' means 'upon', 'hachosen' means 'the incense', 'shtei' means 'two', 'tav'ot' means 'bowls', 'zahav' means 'golden', 've'natata' means 'and you shall put', 'et' is a particle introducing the direct object, 'shtei ha-tav'ot' means 'the two bowls', 'al' means 'upon', 'shnei' means 'two', 'qetzot' means 'ends', 'hachosen' again means 'the incense'.
[EXO.28.24] And you shall give the two golden hoops upon the two baskets at the ends of the trough. [§]
ve-natata et shtei avotot hazahav al shtei hatabbaot el ktzot hachoshen.
've-natata' means 'and you shall give', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'shtei' means 'two', 'avotot' means 'hoops' or 'rings', 'hazahav' means 'the gold' or 'golden', 'al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'shtei' again means 'two', 'hatabbaot' means 'the baskets', 'el' means 'to' or 'at', 'ktzot' means 'the ends', 'hachoshen' means 'the trough' or 'the basin'.
[EXO.28.25] And the two ends of the two shoulders you shall place upon the two breastplates, and you shall put the edges of the ephod before his face. [§]
ve'et shtei ketsot shtei ha'avotot titen al-shtei ha-mishbetsot ve-natata al-kitefot ha-efod el mul panav.
've'et' means 'and' (object marker), 'shtei' means 'two', 'ketsot' means 'ends', 'ha'avotot' means 'the shoulders', 'titen' means 'you shall place', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha-mishbetsot' means 'the breastplates', 've-natata' means 'and you shall put', 'kitefot' means 'the edges', 'ha-efod' means 'the ephod', 'el mul' means 'before' or 'facing', 'panav' means 'his face'.
[EXO.28.26] And you shall make two golden cups and you shall place them on the two ends of the bronze, on his lip which is toward the other side of the ephod. [§]
veasita shtei tav'ot zahav vesamta otam al shnei ketzot hachosen al sfato asher el ever haefod beyatah.
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'shtei' means 'two (feminine)', 'tav'ot' means 'cups or dishes', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'vesamta' means 'and you shall set or put', 'otam' means 'them', 'al' means 'on or upon', 'shnei' means 'two (masculine)', 'ketzot' means 'ends', 'hachosen' means 'the brown or bronze', 'sfato' means 'his lip', 'asher' means 'which or that', 'el' means 'to or toward', 'ever' means 'the other side or beyond', 'haefod' means 'the ephod', 'beyatah' means 'was or stood'.
[EXO.28.27] And you shall make two gold plates and you shall set them on the two shoulders of the ephod, from the band behind his face, for the strap of its fastening, from above for the breast of the ephod. [§]
ve'asita shtei tav'ot zahav ve'natata otam al-shtei kitfot ha'efod mil'matta mimul panav le'umatt mechabarto mimma'al lecheshev ha'efod.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'shtei' means 'two', 'tav'ot' means 'plates', 'zahav' means 'gold', 've'natata' means 'and you shall set', 'otam' means 'them', 'al' means 'on', 'shtei' again means 'two', 'kitfot' means 'shoulders', 'ha'efod' means 'the ephod', 'mil'matta' means 'from the band', 'mimul' means 'from behind', 'panav' means 'his face', 'le'umatt' means 'for the strap', 'mechabarto' means 'of its fastening', 'mimma'al' means 'from above', 'lecheshev' means 'for the breast', 'ha'efod' means 'the ephod'.
[EXO.28.28] And they shall set the breastplate from its sockets onto the sockets of the ephod with a blue thread, to be upon the base of the ephod, and the breastplate shall not depart from the ephod. [§]
ve-yirkesu et ha-choshen mi-tav'otav el tav'ot ha-efod bi-petil techelet liheyot al-cheshev ha-efod ve-lo yizach ha-choshen me'al ha-efod.
've-yirkesu' means 'and they shall set', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-choshen' means 'the breastplate', 'mi-tav'otav' means 'from its sockets', 'el' means 'to', 'tav'ot' means 'sockets', 'ha-efod' means 'the ephod' (priestly apron), 'bi-petil' means 'with a thread', 'techelet' means 'blue', 'liheyot' means 'to be', 'al-cheshev' means 'upon the base', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yizach' means 'depart' or 'be removed', 'me'al' means 'from upon'.
[EXO.28.29] And Aaron shall carry the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate of judgment upon his heart when he comes to the holy place as a memorial before Yahveh always. [§]
ve-nasa Aharon et shmot b'nei Yisrael b'choshen ha-mishpat al libo b'vo el ha-kodesh le-zekharon lifnei Yahveh tamid.
've-nasa' means 'and (he) lifts/carries', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'shmot' means 'names', 'b'nei' means 'the children/sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'b'choshen' means 'in the breastplate', 'ha-mishpat' means 'the judgment/ordinance', 'al' means 'upon', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'b'vo' means 'when he came', 'el' means 'to/toward', 'ha-kodesh' means 'the holy (place)', 'le-zekharon' means 'as a memorial/for remembrance', 'lifnei' means 'before/in front of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'tamid' means 'continually' or 'always'.
[EXO.28.30] And you shall place upon the priest the judgment, the lamps and the censers, and they shall be upon the heart of Aaron when he comes before Yahveh, and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before Yahveh always. [§]
ve-natata el choshen ha-mishpat et ha-urim ve-et ha-tummim ve-hayu al lev Aharon bevo'o lifnei Yahveh ve-nasa Aharon et mishpat b'nei Yisrael al-livo lifnei Yahveh tamid.
've' means 'and', 'natata' means 'you shall place', 'el' means 'upon', 'choshen' means 'priest', 'ha-mishpat' means 'the judgment', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-urim' means 'the lamps', 've-et' means 'and', 'ha-tummim' means 'the censers', 've-hayu' means 'and they shall be', 'al' means 'upon', 'lev' means 'heart', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'bevo'o' means 'when he comes', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've-nasa' means 'and shall bear', 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'al-livo' means 'upon his heart', 'tamid' means 'always'.
[EXO.28.31] And you shall make the mantle of the ephod as a blue covering. [§]
ve'asita et me'il ha efod kelil techelet
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'et' is the accusative particle marking the direct object, 'me'il' means 'mantle' or 'cloak', 'ha' is the definite article meaning 'the', 'efod' refers to the 'ephod' (a sacred priestly garment), 'kelil' means 'as a covering' or 'as a veil', 'techelet' means 'blue' (the special purple‑blue dye).
[EXO.28.32] And it shall be that the mouth of his head is within him; a tongue shall be for his mouth all around, a work of a hoe like a mouth shall be to him; he shall not be cut. [§]
veheyah pi-rosho betokho saphah yihye lephiv saviv maaseh oreg kefi tahra yihye-lo lo yikkarei.
'veheyah' means 'and it shall be', 'pi-rosho' means 'the mouth of his head', 'betokho' means 'within it', 'saphah' means 'a tongue', 'yihye' means 'shall be', 'lephiv' means 'for his mouth', 'saviv' means 'around', 'maaseh' means 'work' or 'deed', 'oreg' means 'a hoe' (or 'to hoe'), 'kefi' means 'like my' or 'as my', 'tahra' means 'digging' or 'to cut', 'yihye-lo' means 'shall be to him', 'lo' means 'not', 'yikkarei' means 'shall cut' or 'shall be cut'.
[EXO.28.33] And you shall make on its border pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet thread, around its border, and golden bells within them, all around. [§]
veasita al shulav rimonim tekhelet veargaman vetolaat shani al shulav saviv upaamonei zahav betocham saviv
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'shulav' means 'its border' or 'its side', 'rimonim' means 'pomegranates', 'tekhelet' means 'blue', 'veargaman' means 'and purple', 'vetolaat' means 'and thread', 'shani' means 'scarlet', 'saviv' means 'around', 'upaamonei' means 'and bells', 'zahav' means 'golden', 'betocham' means 'within them'.
[EXO.28.34] Golden and ruby pomegranates, golden and ruby pomegranates upon the loops of the breastplate all around. [§]
paamon zahav ve'rimom paamon zahav ve'rimom al shulei ha-me'il saviv.
'paamon' means 'pomegranate', 'zahav' means 'gold', 've' means 'and', 'rimom' means 'ruby', 'al' means 'upon', 'shulei' means 'loops' or 'sides', 'ha-me'il' means 'the breastplate', 'saviv' means 'all around' or 'surrounding'.
[EXO.28.35] And it shall be that Aaron shall serve, and his voice shall be heard when he comes into the holy place before Yahveh, and when he goes out, he shall not die. [§]
vehayah al aharon lesharet venishma kolo bvo el hakodesh lifnei Yahveh uvzeto velo yamoot.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'al' means 'upon' or 'concerning', 'aharon' is the proper name Aaron, 'lesharet' means 'to serve', 'venishma' means 'and (his) voice will be heard', 'kolo' means 'his voice', 'bvo' means 'when he comes', 'el' means 'to', 'hakodesh' means 'the holy (place)', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'uvzeto' means 'and when he goes out', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yamoot' means 'he will die'.
[EXO.28.36] And you shall make a pure gold flower, and you shall open upon it the seal's openings, holy to Yahveh. [§]
ve'asita tzitz zahav tahor u'fitachta alav pittuchei chotam kodesh lYahveh.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'tzitz' means 'flower' or 'sprout', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'u'fitachta' means 'and you shall open', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'pittuchei' means 'openings of', 'chotam' means 'seal', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'lYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God rendered as Yahveh).
[EXO.28.37] And you shall put it on a blue cord, and it shall be on the frontlet, in front of the face of the frontlet it shall be. [§]
Vesamta oto al-petil techelet ve-hayah al-hamitznefet el-mul p'nei-hamitznefet yihyeh.
'Ve' means 'and', 'samta' means 'you shall place', 'oto' means 'it', 'al' means 'on', 'petil' means 'cord', 'techelet' means 'blue' (purple), 've' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'it shall be', 'al' means 'on', 'hamitznefet' means 'the frontlet' (the front piece of the priest's headdress), 'el' means 'toward', 'mul' means 'opposite' or 'in front of', 'p'nei' means 'face of' or 'before', 'hamitznefet' again means 'the frontlet', 'yihyeh' means 'it shall be'.
[EXO.28.38] And it shall be upon Aaron's head, and Aaron shall bear the sin of the holy ones that the children of Israel sanctify, for all their holy gifts, and it shall be continually upon his forehead to the pleasure of them before Yahveh. [§]
ve-hayah al-metzach Aharon ve-nasa Aharon et-avon ha-qodashim asher yakdishu b'nei Yisrael le-khol matnot qadsheihem ve-hayah al-mitzcho tamid le-ratzon lahem lifnei Yahveh.
've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'al' means 'upon', 'metzach' means 'the head', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 've-nasa' means 'and shall bear', 'et-avon' means 'the guilt/sin', 'ha-qodashim' means 'the holy ones', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yakdishu' means 'they sanctify', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le-khol' means 'for all', 'matnot' means 'gifts', 'qadsheihem' means 'their holy (things)', 've-hayah' again 'and it shall be', 'al-mitzcho' means 'upon the forehead', 'tamid' means 'always/continually', 'le-ratzon' means 'to the pleasure', 'lahem' means 'of them', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[EXO.28.39] And you shall split the linen six times, and you shall make a fringe of six, and you shall make a work of stone. [§]
veshibbatza haketonet shesh veasita mitznefet shesh veavnet taaseh maaseh roquem.
've' means 'and' (conjunction). 'shibbatza' means 'you split' (verb, second person masculine singular). 'haketonet' means 'the linen' (the garment made of linen). 'shesh' means 'six' (the number six). 'veasita' means 'and you made' (verb, second person masculine singular). 'mitznefet' means 'a fringe' or 'border' (noun). 'shesh' again means 'six'. 'veavnet' means 'and you shall stone' or 'you shall make with stone' (verb form of stone). 'taaseh' means 'you shall make' (future, second person masculine). 'maaseh' means 'work' or 'deed'. 'roquem' means 'of a potter' or 'of a mason' (noun derived from root meaning to fashion or sculpt).
[EXO.28.40] And for the sons of Aaron you shall make coats, and you shall make for them sashes, and you shall make garments for them for glory and for beauty. [§]
ve livnei aharon taase kutnot ve asita lahem avnetim u migvaot taase lahem lechavod u letifarot.
've' means 'and', 'livnei' means 'for the sons', 'aharon' means 'of Aaron', 'taase' means 'you shall make', 'kutnot' means 'coats', 've' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you shall make', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'avnetim' means 'sashes', 'u' means 'and', 'migvaot' means 'garments', 'taase' means 'you shall make', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'lechavod' means 'for glory', 'u' means 'and', 'letifarot' means 'for beauty'.
[EXO.28.41] And you shall clothe them, Aaron your brother, and his sons with him; and you shall anoint them and fill their hands, and you shall sanctify them, and they shall be priests to me. [§]
vehilbashta otam et Aharon achikha ve et banav ito u-mashachta otam u-mileta et yadam ve-kiddashta otam ve-kihanhu li.
'vehilbashta' means 'and you shall clothe', 'otam' means 'them', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'achikha' means 'your brother', 've' means 'and', 'et' again the marker, 'banav' means 'his sons', 'ito' means 'with him', 'u-mashachta' means 'and you anointed', 'otam' again 'them', 'u-mileta' means 'and you filled', 'et' marker, 'yadam' means 'their hand', 've-kiddashta' means 'and you sanctified', 'otam' again 'them', 've-kihanhu' means 'and they shall be priests', 'li' means 'to me'.
[EXO.28.42] And he shall make for them linen coverings to cover the flesh of nakedness from the thighs up to the hips. [§]
va'aseh lahem miknesey vad lekassot be'sar ervah mimatnayim ve'ad yerachayim yihyu.
'va'aseh' means 'and (he) will make', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'miknesey' means 'coverings (of)', 'vad' means 'linen', together 'miknesey vad' means 'linen coverings', 'lekassot' means 'to cover', 'be'sar' means 'the flesh', 'ervah' means 'nakedness', 'mimatnayim' means 'from the thighs', 've'ad' means 'and up to', 'yerachayim' means 'the hips', 'yihyu' means 'they shall be'.
[EXO.28.43] And it shall be upon Aaron and upon his sons when they come to the tent of meeting, or when they approach the altar to serve in the holy place, that they shall not bear sin and death; it shall be an everlasting statute for him and for his offspring after him. [§]
vehayu al Aharon ve'al vanav bevoam el ohel moed o vegishtam el ha-mizbeach lesharot ba-kodesh velo-yisu avon va-metu chukat olam lo ulezaro acharav.
'vehayu' means 'and it shall be', 'al' means 'upon', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 've'al' means 'and upon', 'vanav' means 'his sons', 'bevoam' means 'when they come', 'el' means 'to', 'ohel' means 'the tent', 'moed' means 'of meeting', 'o' means 'or', 'vegishtam' means 'when they approach', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-mizbeach' means 'the altar', 'lesharot' means 'to serve', 'ba-kodesh' means 'in the holy', 'velo-yisu' means 'and they shall not bear', 'avon' means 'sin', 'va-metu' means 'and death', 'chukat' means 'statute', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'lo' means 'for him', 'ulezaro' means 'and for his offspring', 'acharav' means 'after him'.
EXO.29
[EXO.29.1] This is the thing which you shall do for them, to sanctify them, to make priests for me: take a bull, one year‑old, a male without blemish, and two unblemished goats. [§]
vezeh hadavar asher taaseh lahem leqadesh otam lekhachen li leqach par echad ben-bakar veelim shnayim temimim.
'vezeh' means 'this', 'hadavar' means 'the thing', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'taaseh' means 'you shall do', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'leqadesh' means 'to sanctify', 'otam' means 'them', 'lek hachen' means 'to make priests', 'li' means 'for me', 'leqach' means 'take', 'par' means 'bull', 'echad' means 'one', 'ben-bakar' means 'year‑old bull/ox', 'veelim' means 'and two goats', 'shnayim' means 'two', 'temimim' means 'without blemish, perfect'.
[EXO.29.2] And the bread of the offering and the cakes of the offering baked in oil, and the loaves of the offering fried in oil, shall be made of wheat flour. [§]
Ve-lechem matzot ve-chalot matzot blulot ba-shemen u-rekikei matzot meshuchim ba-shemen solet chit tim ta'aseh otam.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'matzot' means 'of the offering' (from the root matz which denotes a sacrificial offering), 've' again means 'and', 'chalot' means 'cakes', 'blulot' means 'baked', 'ba-shemen' means 'in oil', 'u-rekikei' means 'and the loaves of', 'meshuchim' means 'fried', 'solet' means 'made of', 'chit' means 'wheat', 'tim' is the plural form of 'flour', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall make', 'otam' means 'them'.
[EXO.29.3] And you shall put them on one heap, and you shall bring them within the heap, the bull and the two goats. [§]
ve-natata otam al sal echad ve-hikravta otam ba-sal ve-et ha-par ve-et shnei ha-elim.
've' means 'and', 'natata' means 'you will put' (from root n-t-n), 'otam' means 'them', 'al' means 'upon', 'sal' means 'heap', 'echad' means 'one', 've' means 'and', 'hikravta' means 'you will bring near/offer', 'otam' means 'them', 'ba-sal' means 'in the heap', 've' means 'and', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (untranslated), 'ha-par' means 'the bull', 've' means 'and', 'et' again the marker, 'shnei' means 'two', 'ha-elim' means 'the goats'.
[EXO.29.4] And you shall bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance of the tent of meeting and wash them with water. [§]
ve'et Aharon ve'et banav takriv el petach ohel moed ve-rachatzta otam ba-mayim.
've'et' means 'and' (object marker), 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 've'et' again means 'and', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'takriv' means 'you shall bring near', 'el' means 'to', 'petach' means 'the opening' or 'entrance', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'meeting' (as in the tent of meeting), 've-rachatzta' means 'and you shall wash', 'otam' means 'them', 'ba-mayim' means 'with water'.
[EXO.29.5] And you shall take the garments and you shall dress Aaron with the tunic, the ephod mantle, the ephod, and the girdle, and you shall make for him a woven belt of the ephod. [§]
ve-laqachta et-habgadim ve-hilbashta et-Aharon et-hakuttonet ve-et mei'il ha-ephod ve-et-ha-ephod ve-et-hachoshen va-afadta lo be-cheshev ha-ephod.
've' means 'and', 'laqachta' means 'you shall take', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'habgadim' means 'the garments', 'hilbashta' means 'you shall dress', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'hakuttonet' means 'the tunic', 'mei\'il' means 'mantle', 'ha-ephod' means 'the ephod', the second 'ha-ephod' repeats the noun 'the ephod', 'hachoshen' means 'the girdle', 'va-afadta' means 'and you shall make', 'lo' means 'for him', 'be-cheshev' means 'in woven work', and the final 'ha-ephod' means 'the ephod'.
[EXO.29.6] And you shall place the turban upon his head, and you shall set the holy crown upon the turban. [§]
ve'sam'ta ha-mitsnefet al rosho ve'natata et nez'r ha-kodesh al ha-mitsnefet.
've'sam'ta' means 'and you shall place/put', 'ha-mitsnefet' means 'the turban' (a head covering), 'al' means 'upon', 'rosho' means 'his head', 've'natata' means 'and you shall set/lay', 'et' is the accusative marker (not translated), 'nez'r' means 'the crown' or 'headband', 'ha-kodesh' means 'the holy', and the second 'al ha-mitsnefet' repeats 'upon the turban'.
[EXO.29.7] And you shall take the anointing oil and pour it upon his head and you shall anoint him. [§]
ve lakahtah et shemen hamishchah ve yatzakt al rosho u mashakhtah oto.
've' means 'and', 'lakahtah' means 'you took', 'et' is a direct object marker (no translation), 'shemen' means 'oil', 'hamishchah' means 'the anointing', 've' means 'and', 'yatzakt' means 'you poured', 'al' means 'upon', 'rosho' means 'his head', 'u' means 'and', 'mashakhtah' means 'you anointed', 'oto' means 'him'.
[EXO.29.8] And bring his sons near and clothe them in tunics. [§]
ve'et banav taqriv vehilbashtam kuttonot.
've' means 'and', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'banav' means 'his sons', 'taqriv' means 'you will bring near', 've' again means 'and', 'hilbashtam' means 'you will clothe them', and 'kuttonot' means 'tunics' (plural).
[EXO.29.9] And you shall gird them with a belt, Aaron and his sons, and you shall bind to them a cord, and it shall become for them a priesthood according to the law forever, and you shall fill the hand of Aaron and the hand of his sons. [§]
vechagarta otam avnet aharon uvanav vechabashata lahem migb'ot vehayetah lahem kehunah lechukat olam u-mileta yad aharon ve yad vanav.
'vechagarta' means 'and you shall gird', 'otam' means 'them', 'avnet' means 'with a belt', 'aharon' means 'Aaron', 'uvanav' means 'and his sons', 'vechabashata' means 'and you shall bind', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'migb'ot' means 'with a cord', 'vehayetah' means 'and it shall become', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'kehunah' means 'as a priesthood', 'lechukat' means 'according to the law', 'olam' means 'forever', 'u-mileta' means 'and you shall fill', 'yad' means 'hand', 'aharon' means 'Aaron', 've' means 'and', 'yad' means 'hand', 'vanav' means 'of his sons'.
[EXO.29.10] And you shall bring the bull before the tent of meeting, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the bull. [§]
veehikravta et-haparr lifnei ohel moed ve'samakh Aharon uvanav et-yedeihem al rosh ha-par.
'veehikravta' means 'and you shall bring', 'et-haparr' means 'the bull', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'meeting' (the meeting tent), 've'samakh' means 'and shall lay', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'uvanav' means 'and his sons', 'et-yedeihem' means 'their hands', 'al' means 'on', 'rosh' means 'head', 'ha-par' means 'the bull'.
[EXO.29.11] And you shall slaughter the bull before Yahveh at the doorway of the tent of the meeting. [§]
ve shachatta et hapar lifnei Yahveh petach ohel moed.
've' means 'and', 'shachatta' means 'you shall slaughter', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'hapar' means 'the bull', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'petach' means 'opening' or 'doorway', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'appointed time' or 'meeting place'.
[EXO.29.12] And you shall take from the blood of the bull and put it on the horns of the altar with your finger, and all the blood you shall pour to the base of the altar. [§]
Ve-lakachta mi-dam ha-par ve-natata al karnot hamizbeach be-etzbakeh ve-et kol ha-dam tishpokh el yesod hamizbeach.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you shall take', 'mi-dam' means 'from the blood', 'ha-par' means 'of the bull', 've-natata' means 'and you shall put', 'al' means 'on', 'karnot' means 'the horns', 'hamizbeach' means 'of the altar', 'be-etzbakeh' means 'with your finger', 've-et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-dam' means 'the blood', 'tishpokh' means 'you shall pour', 'el' means 'to', 'yesod' means 'the base', 'hamizbeach' means 'of the altar'.
[EXO.29.13] And you shall take all the fat that covers the kidneys, and the remainder upon the liver, and the two entrails, and the fat that is upon them, and you shall burn them on the altar. [§]
ve-lakachta et kol ha-chelev ha-mkasseh et ha-kerev ve-et ha-yoteret al ha-kaved ve-et shtei ha-kelayot ve-et ha-chelev asher aleihen ve-hiqtarta ha-mizbeach
've' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you shall take', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-chelev' means 'the fat', 'ha-mkasseh' means 'that covers', 'ha-kerev' means 'the kidneys', 've-et' means 'and (the)', 'ha-yoteret' means 'the remainder', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha-kaved' means 'the liver', 'shtei' means 'two', 'ha-kelayot' means 'the entrails', 'asher' means 'that', 'aleihen' means 'upon them', 've-hiqtarta' means 'and you shall burn', 'ha-mizbeach' means 'the altar'.
[EXO.29.14] And the flesh of the bull, and its skin, and its entrails, you shall burn with fire outside the camp; it is a sin offering. [§]
ve'et beser ha-par ve'et oro ve'et pirsho tishrof ba-esh mi-chutz la-machane chatat hu.
've'et' means 'and', 'beser' means 'the flesh', 'ha-par' means 'of the bull', 've'et' again means 'and', 'oro' means 'its skin', 've'et' again means 'and', 'pirsho' means 'its entrails', 'tishrof' means 'you shall burn', 'ba-esh' means 'with fire', 'mi-chutz' means 'outside', 'la-machane' means 'the camp', 'chatat' means 'a sin offering', 'hu' means 'it is'.
[EXO.29.15] And you shall take the one bull and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands upon the head of the bull. [§]
ve'et haayil haechad tikach ve'samchu Aharon ubanav et yedeihem al rosh haayil.
've'et' means 'and (with the object marker)', 'haayil' means 'the bull', 'haechad' means 'the one', 'tikach' means 'you shall take', 've'samchu' means 'and they shall lay', 'Aharon' is the name 'Aaron', 'ubanav' means 'and his sons', 'et yedeihem' means 'their hands', 'al' means 'upon', 'rosh' means 'head', 'haayil' again means 'the bull'.
[EXO.29.16] And you slaughtered the ox, and you took its blood, and you poured it on the altar all around. [§]
ve-shachatta et haayil ve-lakachta et damo ve-zarachta al hamizbeach saviv.
've' means 'and', 'shachatta' means 'you slaughtered', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'haayil' means 'the ox', 've' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you took', 'damo' means 'its blood', 've' means 'and', 'zarachta' means 'you poured', 'al' means 'on', 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'saviv' means 'around' or 'all around'.
[EXO.29.17] And the ram you shall keep for its hide, and you shall wash its entrails and its kidneys, and you shall put it upon its hide and upon its head. [§]
ve'et ha'ayil tinatach linetachav ve'rakhatzta kirvo u'khra'av ve'natata al netachav ve'al rosho.
've' means 'and', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'ayil' means 'the ram', 'tinatach' means 'you shall keep' (from the root meaning to guard or keep), 'linetachav' means 'for its hide', 've'rakhatzta' means 'and you shall wash', 'kirvo' means 'its entrails', 'u'khra'av' means 'and its kidneys', 've'natata' means 'and you shall put', 'al netachav' means 'upon its hide', 've'al rosho' means 'and upon its head'.
[EXO.29.18] And you shall offer all the bull on the altar as a burnt offering; it is to Yahveh, a pleasant fragrant fire to Yahveh, it. [§]
vehiqtarta et kol ha ayil ha mizbecha olah hu layahveh reich nichoch isha layahveh hu
'vehiqtarta' means 'you shall offer', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha ayil' means 'the bull', 'ha mizbecha' means 'the altar', 'olah' means 'burnt offering', 'hu' means 'it', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'reich' means 'fragrance', 'nichoch' means 'pleasant', 'isha' means 'fire', the second 'layahveh' again means 'to Yahveh', and the final 'hu' again means 'it'.
[EXO.29.19] And you shall take the second ram and lay Aaron and his sons' hands upon the head of the ram. [§]
ve-lakachta et ha-ayil ha-sheni ve-samach Aaron u-vanav et-yede-hem al-rosh ha-ayil.
've-lakachta' means 'and you shall take', 'et' is the direct object marker (often left untranslated), 'ha-ayil' means 'the ram', 'ha-sheni' means 'the second', 've-samach' means 'and you shall lay (your hand)', 'Aaron' is the name of the priest, 'u-vanav' means 'and his sons', 'et-yede-hem' means 'their hands', 'al' means 'upon', 'rosh' means 'head', the final 'ha-ayil' repeats 'the ram'.
[EXO.29.20] And you shall slaughter the goat and you shall take its blood and you shall put it on the tip of the ear of Aaron and on the tip of the ear of his sons the right, and on the right side of the hand, and on the right side of the foot, and you shall pour the blood on the altar all around. [§]
Veshachatta et haayil velakachta midamo venatata al tenukh ozen Aaron veal tenukh ozen banav hayemanit veal bohen yadam hayemanit veal bohen raglam hayemanit vezarakta et hadam al hamizbeach saviv.
'Ve' means 'and', 'shachatta' means 'you shall slaughter', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haayil' means 'the goat', 've' again means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you shall take', 'midamo' means 'its blood', 've' again 'and', 'natata' means 'you shall put', 'al' means 'on', 'tenukh' means 'the tip', 'ozen' means 'ear', 'Aaron' is the name Aaron, 've' 'and', 'al' 'on', 'tenukh' 'the tip', 'ozen' 'ear', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'hayemanit' means 'the right (side)', 've' 'and', 'al' 'on', 'bohen' means 'the side', 'yadam' means 'of the hand', 'hayemanit' 'the right', 've' 'and', 'al' 'on', 'bohen' 'the side', 'raglam' means 'of the foot', 'hayemanit' 'the right', 've' 'and', 'zarakta' means 'you shall pour/spread', 'et' object marker, 'hadam' means 'the blood', 'al' 'on', 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'saviv' means 'around' or 'all around'.
[EXO.29.21] And you shall take from the blood that is on the altar and from the oil of the anointing, and you shall sprinkle it on Aaron and on his garments and on his sons and on the garments of his sons with him, and he shall be holy, and his garments, and his sons, and the garments of his sons with him. [§]
ve-lakachta min-had dam asher al-hamizbeach u-mishemen hamishchah ve-hizeta al-Aharon ve-al-begadav ve-al-banav ve-al-bigdei banav ito ve-kadesh hu u-begadav u-banav u-bigdei banav ito.
've' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you shall take', 'min' means 'from', 'had dam' means 'the blood', 'asher' means 'that', 'al' means 'on', 'hamamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'u-mishemen' means 'and from the oil', 'hamishchah' means 'of the anointing', 've-hizeta' means 'and you shall sprinkle', 'al-Aharon' means 'on Aaron', 've-al-begadav' means 'and on his garments', 've-al-banav' means 'and on his sons', 've-al-bigdei' means 'and on the garments of', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'ito' means 'with him', 've-kadesh' means 'and he shall be holy', 'hu' means 'he', 'u-begadav' means 'and his garments', 'u-banav' means 'and his sons', 'u-bigdei' means 'and the garments of', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'ito' means 'with him'.
[EXO.29.22] And you shall take from the ram the fat and the entrails and the fat that covers the sacrifice and the remaining heavy portion and the two vessels and the fat that is upon them and the right side of the right because the ram is full. [§]
ve-lakachta min ha-ayil ha-chelev ve-ha-alyah ve-et ha-chelev ha-mikaseh et ha-kerav ve-et yotret ha-kaved ve-et shtei ha-kelayot ve-et ha-chelev asher aleihen ve-et shok ha-yamin ki eil miluim hu.
've' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you shall take', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-ayil' means 'the ram', 'ha-chelev' means 'the fat', 've' means 'and', 'ha-alyah' means 'the entrails', 've-et' means 'and', 'ha-chelev' means 'the fat', 'ha-mikaseh' means 'that covers', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha-kerav' means 'the sacrifice', 've-et' means 'and', 'yotret' means 'the remainder', 'ha-kaved' means 'the heavy portion', 've-et' means 'and', 'shtei' means 'two', 'ha-kelayot' means 'the vessels', 've-et' means 'and', 'ha-chelev' means 'the fat', 'asher' means 'that', 'aleihen' means 'upon them', 've-et' means 'and', 'shok' means 'the right side', 'ha-yamin' means 'the right', 'ki' means 'for', 'eil' means 'ram', 'miluim' means 'full', 'hu' means 'it is'.
[EXO.29.23] And a cake of one loaf, and a loaf of one oil, and one drink offering from the bowl of the washings that is before Yahveh. [§]
vekhikar lechem achat vachalat lechem shemen achat ve'rakik echad misal hamatzot asher lifnei Yahveh.
'vekhikar' means 'and a cake (of bread)'; 'lechem' means 'bread' or 'loaf'; 'achat' means 'one'; 'vachalat' means 'and a loaf'; 'shemen' means 'oil'; 've'rakik' means 'and a drink offering'; 'echad' means 'one'; 'misal' means 'from the bowl'; 'hamatzot' means 'the washings'; 'asher' means 'that/which'; 'lifnei' means 'before'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the divine name.
[EXO.29.24] And you shall place all upon the shoulder of Aaron and upon the shoulder of his sons, and you shall lift them as a wave offering before Yahveh. [§]
ve-samta hakol al kapei aharon ve-al kapei vanav ve-henapta otam tenupah lifnei YHWH.
've-samta' means 'and you shall place', 'hakol' means 'all', 'al' means 'upon', 'kapei' means 'the palms/shoulders', 'aharon' is the name Aaron, 've-al' means 'and upon', 'vanav' means 'his sons', 've-henapta' means 'and you shall lift up', 'otam' means 'them', 'tenupah' means 'a wave offering' (a ritual lifting), 'lifnei' means 'before', 'YHWH' is the divine name which is rendered as Yahveh.
[EXO.29.25] And you took them from their hand, and you offered the altar upon the burnt offering for a pleasing aroma before Yahveh; it is fire for Yahveh. [§]
ve lakachta otam miyadam ve hiqtarta hamizbecha al haolah le reiach nichoch lifnei Yahveh isheh hu layahveh
've' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you took', 'otam' means 'them', 'miyadam' means 'from their hand', 've' again means 'and', 'hiqtarta' means 'you offered', 'hamizbecha' means 'the altar', 'al' means 'upon', 'haolah' means 'the burnt offering', 'le' means 'for', 'reiach' means 'smell' or 'aroma', 'nichoch' means 'pleasant' or 'fragrant', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'isheh' means 'fire', 'hu' means 'it is', 'layahveh' means 'for Yahveh'.
[EXO.29.26] And you shall take the gazelle from a ram of the miluiym which is for Aaron, and you shall wave it as a wave before Yahveh, and it shall be for you a portion. [§]
Ve-lakhachta et-hechaze me-eil ha-miluiym asher le-Aharon ve-henapta oto tenupah lifnei Yahveh ve-hayah lekha lemanah.
"Ve-lakhachta" means "and you took", "et" is the accusative marker "the", "hechaze" means "gazelle", "me-eil" means "from a ram", "ha-miluiym" means "the miluiym" (a specific type of offering), "asher" means "that/which", "le-Aharon" means "for Aaron", "ve-henapta" means "and you shall wave", "oto" means "it", "tenupah" means "as a wave/throwing", "lifnei" means "before", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH, "ve-hayah" means "and it shall be", "lekha" means "to you", "lemanah" means "as a portion".
[EXO.29.27] And you shall sanctify the sight of the offering and the tribute portion which was lifted and which was raised from the oxen of the filled herd, from that which belongs to Aaron and from that which belongs to his sons. [§]
vekidashte et chaze hatenufa ve'et shok hatrumah asher hunaf va'asher huram me'eyl hamilluyim me'ashar leAharon u'me'ashar lebanav.
"vekidashte" means "and you shall sanctify", "et" is the direct object marker, "chaze" means "the sight/appearance", "hatenufa" means "the offering/what is being presented", "ve'et" means "and the", "shok" means "portion/tribute", "hatrumah" means "the tribute/offering", "asher" means "that which", "hunaf" means "was lifted", "va'asher" means "and that which", "huram" means "was raised", "me'eyl" means "from the oxen", "hamilluyim" means "of the filled (herd)", "me'ashar" means "from that which is of", "leAharon" means "to Aaron", "u'me'ashar" means "and from that which is of", "lebanav" means "to his sons".
[EXO.29.28] And it shall be for Aaron and his sons a perpetual statute for the children of Israel, for it is a terumah and a terumah shall be from the children of Israel from the sacrifices of their portions; their terumah is for Yahveh. [§]
vehayah le-aharoon ulevanav lechok-olam mei'et b'nei Yisrael ki terumah hu u-terumah yihyeh mei'et b'nei-Yisrael mi-zivchei shalmeihem terumatam laYahveh
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'le-aharoon' means 'to Aaron', 'ulevanav' means 'to his sons', 'lechok-olam' means 'a perpetual statute', 'mei'et' means 'from the hand of', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'ki' means 'because', 'terumah' means 'offering', 'hu' means 'it is', 'u-terumah' means 'and an offering', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'mi-zivchei' means 'from the sacrifices of', 'shalmeihem' means 'their portions', 'terumatam' means 'their offering', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh'.
[EXO.29.29] And the holy garments that belong to Aaron shall be for his sons after him, for anointing in them and for laying their hands on them. [§]
Ubigdei hakodesh asher leAharon yihyu levanav acharav le-mashcha bam u-le-male bam et yadam.
"U" means "and", "bigdei" means "the garments", "hakodesh" means "the holy", "asher" means "that/which", "leAharon" means "for Aaron", "yihyu" means "shall be", "levanav" means "for his sons", "achorav" means "after him", "le-mashcha" means "for anointing", "bam" means "in them", "u-le-male" means "and to lay/put", "et" is the direct object marker, "yadam" means "their hand".
[EXO.29.30] For seven days the priest shall clothe them under him from his sons, who will come to the tent of meeting to serve in the holy. [§]
Shivat yamim yilbasham ha kohen tachav mibbanav asher yavo el ohel moed le'sharat ba kodesh.
"Shivat" means "seven", "yamim" means "days"; "yilbasham" means "he shall clothe them"; "ha kohen" means "the priest"; "tachav" means "under him"; "mibbanav" means "from his sons"; "asher" means "who"; "yavo" means "will come"; "el" means "to"; "ohel" means "tent"; "moed" means "of meeting" (the assembly tent); "le'sharat" means "to serve"; "ba kodesh" means "in the holy" (place).
[EXO.29.31] And you shall take the ram of the full ones and slaughter its flesh in a holy place. [§]
ve'et ayil ha-millu'im tiqach u'bishalta et-besharo be-makom kadosh.
've'et' is a conjunction plus the direct object marker, often not rendered in English; 'ayil' means 'ram' or 'bull'; 'ha-millu'im' is a plural adjective meaning 'the filled' or 'the full ones', here taken as a descriptive title; 'tiqach' means 'you shall take'; 'u'bishalta' means 'and you shall slaughter'; 'et-besharo' means 'its flesh'; 'be-makom' means 'in a place'; 'kadosh' means 'holy'.
[EXO.29.32] And Aaron and his sons ate the flesh of the ram and the bread that was in the basket at the entrance of the tent of meeting. [§]
ve'achal aharon u'vanav et-besar ha'ayil ve-et ha'lechem asher bas-sal petach ohel mo'ed.
've'achal' means 'and ate', 'aharon' means 'Aaron', 'u'vanav' means 'and his sons', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'besar' means 'the flesh', 'ha'ayil' means 'of the ram', 've-et' means 'and the', 'ha'lechem' means 'bread', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'bas-sal' means 'in the basket', 'petach' means 'at the entrance', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'mo'ed' means 'of meeting' (the meeting tent).
[EXO.29.33] And they will eat those that were atoned for them, to fill their hand, to sanctify them; and a stranger shall not eat, because they are holy. [§]
veaklu otam asher kufar bahem lemaley et-yadam lekadesh otam vezar lo-yochal ki-kodesh hem.
'veaklu' means 'and they will eat', 'otam' means 'them', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'kufar' means 'was atoned', 'bahem' means 'in them', 'lemaley' means 'to fill', 'et-yadam' means 'their hand', 'lekadesh' means 'to sanctify', 'otam' again means 'them', 'vezar' means 'and a stranger', 'lo-yochal' means 'shall not eat', 'ki' means 'because', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'hem' means 'they'.
[EXO.29.34] And if any meat offering or any bread remains until morning, you shall burn the leftover in fire; it shall not be eaten, because it is holy. [§]
ve'im yivater mi'bsar ha'milui'im u'min ha'lechem ad ha'boker ve'saraf'ta et ha'notar ba'esh lo ye'achel ki kodesh hu.
've'im' means 'and if', 'yivater' means 'remains', 'mi'bsar' means 'from the meat', 'ha'milui'im' means 'the filled (offerings)', 'u'min' means 'and from', 'ha'lechem' means 'the bread', 'ad' means 'until', 'ha'boker' means 'the morning', 've'saraf'ta' means 'you shall burn', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha'notar' means 'the leftover', 'ba'esh' means 'in fire', 'lo' means 'not', 'ye'achel' means 'shall be eaten', 'ki' means 'because', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'hu' means 'it'.
[EXO.29.35] And you shall make for Aaron and his sons as I have commanded you; for seven days fill their hand. [§]
veasita leAharon ulevanav kakh kechol ashertziviti otacha shiv'at yamim temalle yadam.
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'leAharon' means 'for Aaron', 'ulevanav' means 'and for his sons', 'kakh' means 'thus' or 'as', 'kechol' means 'like all' or 'as', 'ashertziviti' means 'that I commanded', 'otacha' means 'you', 'shiv'at' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'temalle' means 'you shall fill', 'yadam' means 'their hand'.
[EXO.29.36] And you shall make the sin offering today for the atonement and you shall sacrifice it on the altar in your atonement upon it, and you shall smear it, to consecrate it. [§]
Upar chatat taaseh layom al hakippurim vechitteita al hamizbeach bekaperekha alav umashachta oto lekhadsho.
'Upar' means 'and you shall', 'chatat' means 'sin offering', 'taaseh' means 'make', 'layom' means 'today', 'al hakippurim' means 'for the atonement', 'vechitteita' means 'and you shall sacrifice', 'al hamizbeach' means 'on the altar', 'bekaperekha' means 'in your atonement', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'umashachta' means 'and you shall smear', 'oto' means 'it', 'lekhadsho' means 'to consecrate it'.
[EXO.29.37] Seven days you shall atone upon the altar and you shall sanctify it, and the altar shall be the holy of holies; anyone who touches the altar shall be sanctified. [§]
shiv'at yamim tekhaper al hamizbeach ve-kiddashta oto ve-hayah hamizbeach kodesh kadashim kol hanogea bamizbeach yikdash.
'shiv\'at' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'tekhaper' means 'you shall atone', 'al' means 'upon', 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 've-kiddashta' means 'and you sanctified it', 'oto' means 'it', 've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'kadashim' means 'holies' (referring to the most holy), 'kol' means 'all' or 'anyone who', 'hanogea' means 'touches', 'bamizbeach' means 'on the altar', 'yikdash' means 'shall be sanctified'.
[EXO.29.38] And this is what you shall do on the altar: lambs, two-year-old males, two each day always. [§]
vezeh asher ta'aseh al-hamizbe'ach kevasim b'nei-shanah shenayim layom tamid.
'vezeh' means 'and this', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall do', 'al-hamizbe'ach' means 'on the altar', 'kevasim' means 'lambs', 'b'nei-shanah' means 'sons of a year' i.e. 'two‑year‑old males', 'shenayim' means 'two', 'layom' means 'each day', 'tamid' means 'always' or 'continually'.
[EXO.29.39] You shall do the first lamb in the morning, and you shall do the second lamb between the evenings. [§]
et ha-keves ha-echad ta'aseh ba-boker ve'et ha-keves ha-sheni ta'aseh bein ha-arbayim.
'et' is the accusative marker (often rendered 'the' or nothing in English), 'ha-keves' means 'the lamb', 'ha-echad' means 'the first', 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall do' or 'you shall make', 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 've'et' is the conjunction 'and' plus the accusative marker, 'ha-keves' again 'the lamb', 'ha-sheni' means 'the second', 'ta'aseh' again 'you shall do', 'bein' means 'between', 'ha-arbayim' means 'the evenings'.
[EXO.29.40] And ten spelt mixed in oil a quarter measure of this and a quarter pour of this wine for the one lamb. [§]
ve'isarôn ṣôlet balûl be-shemen kāṭīt rev'a ha-hîn ve-nesekh rev'iyyat ha-hîn yayin la-keves ha-eḥad.
've'isarôn' means 'and ten', 'ṣôlet' means 'spelt (a grain)', 'balûl' means 'mixed', 'be-shemen' means 'in oil', 'kāṭīt' means 'a measure', 'rev'a' means 'quarter', 'ha-hîn' means 'this', 've-nesekh' means 'and a pour', 'rev'iyyat' means 'a quarter of', 'yayin' means 'wine', 'la-keves' means 'for the lamb', 'ha-eḥad' means 'the one'.
[EXO.29.41] And the second lamb you shall make between the evenings like the morning meal offering and its drink offering, you shall make for it a fragrant pleasant-smelling fire to Yahveh. [§]
ve-et ha-keves ha-sheni taase beten ha-arbayim ke-minchat ha-boker u-keniskah taase-la le-reiach nichoch isheh la-yahveh.
've-et' means 'and the', 'ha-keves' means 'the lamb', 'ha-sheni' means 'the second', 'taase' means 'you shall make', 'beten' means 'between', 'ha-arbayim' means 'the evenings', 'ke-minchat' means 'like the meal offering', 'ha-boker' means 'the morning', 'u-keniskah' means 'and its drink offering', 'taase-la' means 'you shall make it', 'le-reiach' means 'for the fragrance', 'nichoch' means 'pleasant-smelling', 'isheh' means 'fire', 'la-yahveh' means 'to Yahveh'.
[EXO.29.42] Perpetual offering for your generations, the opening of the tent of meeting before Yahveh, which I will appoint for you there to speak to you there. [§]
olath tamid le-doroteikhem petach ohel-moed lifnei Yahveh asher ivva'ed lakhem sham le-dabber eilekha sham.
'olath' means 'perpetual offering', 'tamid' means 'continual', 'le-doroteikhem' means 'for your generations', 'petach' means 'opening', 'ohel-moed' means 'tent of meeting', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'which', 'ivva'ed' means 'I will appoint', 'lakhem' means 'for you', 'sham' means 'there', 'le-dabber' means 'to speak', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'sham' means 'there'.
[EXO.29.43] And Yahveh will appoint there for the children of Israel, and be sanctified in Yahveh's glory. [§]
ve'no'adti shammah livnei Yisrael ve'nikkadesh bi'kvodi.
"ve'no'adti" means "and I will appoint" (first‑person singular future of נועד), "shammah" means "there", "livnei Yisrael" means "for the children of Israel", "ve'nikkadesh" means "and (it) will be sanctified" (or "and I will be sanctified"), "bi'kvodi" means "in my glory" (by my glory). The pronoun "I" refers to Yahveh, the name of God, which is rendered as "Yahveh" in the translation.
[EXO.29.44] And I will sanctify the tent of meeting, the altar, Aaron, and his sons, to be priests for Yahveh. [§]
vekidashti et ohel mo'ed ve'et hamizbeach ve'et Aharon ve'et banav akadesh lekahen li.
'vekidashti' means 'and I will sanctify', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'ohel' means 'tent', 'mo'ed' means 'meeting', 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'Aharon' is the proper name Aaron, 'banav' means 'his sons', 'akadesh' means 'I will consecrate', 'lekahen' means 'to be priest', 'li' means 'to me' referring to Yahveh.
[EXO.29.45] and I will dwell in the midst of the children of Israel and I will be to them the Gods. [§]
ve-shachanti betoch b'nei Yisrael ve-hayiti lahem leElohim.
've-shachanti' means 'and I will dwell', 'betoch' means 'in the midst', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-hayiti' means 'and I will be', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'leElohim' means 'as the Gods' (literal translation of the name Elohim).
[EXO.29.46] And they shall know that I Yahveh the Gods who I brought them out from the land of Egypt to dwell among them. I Yahveh the Gods. [§]
Ve-yad'u ki ani Yahveh Elohehem asher hotzeti otam me'eretz Mitzrayim leshachni betocham ani Yahveh Elohehem.
'Ve-yad'u' means 'and they shall know', 'ki' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohehem' is the plural form of Elohim meaning 'the Gods', 'asher' means 'who', 'hotzeti' means 'I brought out', 'otam' means 'them', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'leshachni' means 'to dwell', 'betocham' means 'among them', and the clause repeats 'ani Yahveh Elohehem' meaning 'I Yahveh the Gods'.
EXO.30
[EXO.30.1] And you shall make an altar of the offering of incense of the wood of shittim; you shall make it. [§]
veasita mizbeach mikatar ketoret atzei shitim taaseh oto
'veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'mikatar' means 'of the offering', 'ketoret' means 'incense', 'atzei' means 'of the wood', 'shitim' means 'shittim (acacia)', 'taaseh' means 'you shall make', 'oto' means 'it'.
[EXO.30.2] Its length is a cubit and its width a cubit; it will be square, and its height is two cubits; from it its horns. [§]
Ammah archo ve'ammah rachvo rabo yihyeh ve'amattiym komato mimenu karnotav.
'Ammah' means 'cubit' (a unit of length). 'Archo' means 'its length'. 'Ve'ammah' means 'and a cubit'. 'Rachvo' means 'its width'. 'Rabo' means 'it will be square' (lit. 'it will be a square'). 'Yihyeh' means 'it will be' or 'it shall be'. 'Ve'amattiym' means 'and two cubits'. 'Komato' means 'its height'. 'Mimenu' means 'from it' or 'of it'. 'Karnotav' means 'its horns' (literally 'its corners' or 'its projecting ends').
[EXO.30.3] And you covered it with pure gold, its roof and its walls all around, and its horns, and you made for it a golden ring all around. [§]
vezipita oto zahav tahor et-gaggo ve-et-kirotav saviv ve-et-karnotav ve'asita lo zer zahav saviv.
'vezipita' means 'and you covered', 'oto' means 'him/it', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'et-gaggo' means 'its roof', 've-et-kirotav' means 'and its walls', 'saviv' means 'around' or 'all around', 've-et-karnotav' means 'and its horns', 've'asita' means 'and you made', 'lo' means 'for it', 'zer' means 'a ring or band', 'zahav' means 'gold', the final 'saviv' again means 'all around'.
[EXO.30.4] And two gold plates you shall make for him, under his belt, on his two shoulders you shall make (it) on the two sides, and it shall be for separate houses to bear it in them. [§]
Ushtei tavot zahav taaseh-lo mitachat lezero al shtei tzaltoav taaseh al-shenei tzidav vehayah levatim levaddim lash'et oto bahem.
'Ushtei' means 'and two', 'tavot' means 'plates' or 'bowls', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'taaseh' means 'you shall make', 'lo' means 'for him', 'mitachat' means 'under', 'lezero' means 'his belt' or 'his girdle', 'al' means 'on', 'shtei' means 'two', 'tzaltoav' means 'his shoulders', 'taaseh' again means 'you shall make', 'al-shenei' means 'on the two', 'tzidav' means 'his sides', 'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'levatim' means 'for houses', 'levaddim' means 'separate' or 'different', 'lash'et' means 'to bear' or 'to carry', 'oto' means 'it', 'bahem' means 'in them'.
[EXO.30.5] And you shall make the bases of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. [§]
ve'asita et habaddim atzei shittim ve'tzipita otam zahav.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'habaddim' means 'the bases', 'atzei' means 'of the wood of', 'shittim' means 'acacia', 've'tzipita' means 'and you shall overlay', 'otam' means 'them', 'zahav' means 'gold'.
[EXO.30.6] And you shall give it before the opening that is on the Ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is on the testimony, that I cause to be witnessed to you there. [§]
ve-natata oto lifnei ha-parokhet asher al-aron ha-eduth lifnei ha-kapporet asher al-ha-eduth asher ivvaed lecha shama.
've-natata' means 'and you shall give', 'oto' means 'it', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'ha-parokhet' means 'the opening', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'al-aron' means 'on the ark', 'ha-eduth' means 'the testimony' (the Ark of the testimony), the second 'lifnei' repeats 'before', 'ha-kapporet' means 'the mercy seat', the next 'asher al-ha-eduth' again means 'that is on the testimony', 'asher' introduces a clause, 'ivvaed' is a verb form of the root 'ed' meaning 'to witness' and is rendered here as 'I cause to be witnessed', 'lecha' means 'to you', and 'shama' means 'there'.
[EXO.30.7] And Aaron will bring a grain offering of spelt upon him each morning, each morning, and when he sets up the lamps carefully, he will kindle them. [§]
vehiqtir alav Aharon ktoret samim baboker baboker beheitivo et-hanerot yaqtirena.
'vehiqtir' means 'and he will offer', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'Aharon' is the personal name Aaron, 'ktoret' means 'a grain offering', 'samim' means 'of spelt (fine flour)', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', the phrase 'baboker baboker' repeats for emphasis, 'beheitivo' means 'in a skillful or good manner', 'et-hanerot' means 'the lamps' (the direct object marker 'et' is included in the phrase), 'yaqtirena' means 'he will set them up' or 'he will kindle them'.
[EXO.30.8] And when Aaron raises the lamps between the evenings, he shall kindle them as a continual offering forever before Yahveh for your generations. [§]
Uveha'alot Aharon et-haneros bein ha'arbayim yaqtirena ktoret tamid lifnei Yahveh ledoroteichem.
'Uveha'alot' means 'and when (he) lifts/raises', 'Aharon' is the personal name Aaron, 'et-haneros' means 'the lamps', 'bein' means 'between', 'ha'arbayim' means 'the evenings', 'yaqtirena' means 'he shall kindle them', 'ktoret' means 'a continual offering', 'tamid' means 'everlasting/continual', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'le-doroteichem' means 'for your generations'.
[EXO.30.9] You shall not bring upon it a foreign grain offering, a burnt offering, a meal offering, nor shall you pour a drink offering upon it. [§]
Lo taalu alav ketoret zarah veolah uminchah venesekh lo tisseku alav.
'Lo' means 'not', 'taalu' means 'you shall bring' (literally 'you shall go up'), 'alav' means 'upon it', 'ketoret' means 'grain offering', 'zarah' means 'foreign', 've' means 'and', 'olah' means 'burnt offering', 'u' means 'and', 'minchah' means 'meal offering', 've' means 'and', 'nesekh' means 'drink offering', the second 'lo' means 'not', 'tisseku' means 'you shall pour', and the final 'alav' means 'upon it'.
[EXO.30.10] And Aaron shall atone on his horns once a year with the blood of the sin atonements; once a year he shall atone for him for your generations; holy of holies, he is for Yahveh. [§]
Ve-khipper Aharon al-karnotav akhat ba-shanah midam chatat ha-kippurim akhat ba-shanah yekhapper alav le-doroteichem kodesh-kodashim hu la-Yahveh.
'Ve' means 'and', 'khipper' means 'shall atone', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'al' means 'on', 'karnotav' means 'his horns', 'akhat' means 'once', 'ba-shanah' means 'in the year', 'midam' means 'from the blood', 'chatat' means 'sin', 'ha-kippurim' means 'the atonements', 'yekhapper' means 'he shall atone', 'alav' means 'for him', 'le-doroteichem' means 'for your generations', 'kodesh-kodashim' means 'holy of holies', 'hu' means 'he is', 'la-Yahveh' means 'for Yahveh'.
[EXO.30.11] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying. [§]
Vayedabber Yahveh el-Mosheh le'emor.
'Vayedabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Mosheh' is the proper name Moses, 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[EXO.30.12] Because you will bear the head of the children of Israel for their offenses, and each man will give a ransom for his soul to Yahveh for their punishment, and there will not be among them a punishment for their offense. [§]
Ki tisa et-rosh b'nei Yisrael le-fiqqudeihem ve-natnu ish kofer nafsho laYahveh bi-fiqqod otam ve-lo yihye bahem negef bi-fiqqod otam.
'Ki' means 'because', 'tisa' means 'you will bear/raise', 'et-rosh' means 'the head', 'b'nei' means 'of the children', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le-fiqqudeihem' means 'for their offenses/punishments', 've-natnu' means 'and they will give', 'ish' means 'each man', 'kofer' means 'a ransom', 'nafsho' means 'his soul', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the translation of YHVH), 'bi-fiqqod' means 'for the punishment', 'otam' means 'of them', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yihye' means 'will be', 'bahem' means 'among them', 'negef' means 'a punishment or scourge', 'bi-fiqqod' again means 'in the punishment', 'otam' means 'of them'.
[EXO.30.13] This they will give: every one who passes the contributions shall give half a shekel, a holy shekel, twenty gerah, a half-shekel, as a tribute to Yahveh. [§]
zeh yitenu kol ha-oveir al ha-pekudim mahatzit hashkel beshkel haqodesh esrim gera hashkel mahatzit hashkel terumah layahveh.
'zeh' means 'this', 'yitenu' means 'they will give', 'kol ha-oveir' means 'all who passes', 'al ha-pekudim' means 'upon the contributions', 'mahatzit hashkel' means 'half a shekel', 'beshkel haqodesh' means 'in a holy shekel', 'esrim gera' means 'twenty gerah', 'hashkel' means 'the shekel', the second 'mahatzit hashkel' repeats 'half a shekel', 'terumah' means 'offering' or 'tribute', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God).
[EXO.30.14] All who pass over the officials from the age of twenty years and above shall give a contribution to Yahveh. [§]
Kol haover al hapkudim mibben esrim shana va maala yiten terumat Yahveh.
'Kol' means 'all', 'haover' means 'the one who passes', 'al' means 'over', 'hapkudim' means 'the officials', 'mibben' means 'from the age of', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'shana' means 'year', 'va' means 'and', 'maala' means 'above' or 'older', 'yiten' means 'he will give', 'terumat' means 'the offering' or 'contribution', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH as specified.
[EXO.30.15] The rich will not increase, and the poor will not diminish, from half a shekel to give Yahveh's tribute to atone for your souls. [§]
He'ashir lo-yarbeh ve-hadall lo-yam'it mi-machatzit ha-shaqel latet et-terumat Yahveh lekhaper al-nafsoteichem.
'He'ashir' means 'the rich', 'lo-yarbeh' means 'will not increase', 've-hadall' means 'and the poor', 'lo-yam'it' means 'will not diminish', 'mi-machatzit' means 'from the half', 'ha-shaqel' means 'the shekel', 'latet' means 'to give', 'et-terumat' means 'the tribute/offering', 'Yahveh' is the literal name for YHVH, 'lekhaper' means 'to atone', 'al' means 'for', 'nafsoteichem' means 'your souls'.
[EXO.30.16] And you shall take the silver of the atonements from the children of Israel and you shall give it for the service of the tent of meeting and it shall be for the children of Israel as a memorial before Yahveh to atone for your souls. [§]
ve-lakachta et kesef ha-kippurim me'et b'nei Yisrael ve-natata oto al avodat ohel mo'ed ve-hayah li-bnei Yisrael le-zikaron lifnei Yahveh le-kapper al naphshoteichem.
've' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you shall take', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'kesef' means 'silver', 'ha' means 'the', 'kippurim' means 'atonements' (plural), 'me'et' means 'from the', 'b'nei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've' again means 'and', 'natata' means 'you shall give', 'oto' means 'it', 'al' means 'upon' or 'for', 'avodat' means 'service' or 'work', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'meeting' (as in the meeting tent), 've' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'it shall be', 'li-bnei' means 'for the children', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le-zikaron' means 'as a memorial', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' means the proper name of God, 'le-kapper' means 'to atone', 'al' means 'for', 'naphshoteichem' means 'your souls'.
[EXO.30.17] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying. [§]
Vayedabber Yahveh el-Mosheh le'emor.
'Vayedabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Mosheh' is the proper name Moses, 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[EXO.30.18] And you shall make a copper screen and its copper frame for washing, and you shall set it between the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and you shall place water there. [§]
ve'asita kiyor nechoshet ve'kano nechoshet le'rachtzah ve'natata oto bein ohel Mo'ed u'vein hamizbeach ve'natata shama mayim.
've'asita' means 'and you shall make', 'kiyor' means 'a screen', 'nechoshet' means 'of copper/bronze', 've'kano' means 'and its frame', 'le'rachtzah' means 'for washing', 've'natata' means 'and you shall set/place', 'oto' means 'it', 'bein' means 'between', 'ohel Mo'ed' means 'the Tent of Meeting', 'u'vein' means 'and between', 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'shama' means 'there', 'mayim' means 'water'.
[EXO.30.19] And wash Aaron and his sons from themselves their hands and their feet. [§]
ve-rachatzu Aharon u-vanav mimenu et-yedeihem ve-et-ragleihem.
've-rachatzu' means 'and wash' (imperative plural). 'Aharon' is the name Aaron. 'u-vanav' means 'and his sons'. 'mimenu' means 'from themselves' (indicating removal of impurity). 'et-yedeihem' means 'their hands' (the direct object marker 'et' plus 'yedeihem' = 'their hands'). 've-et-ragleihem' means 'and their feet' (similarly, 've' = 'and', 'et' = object marker, 'ragleihem' = 'their feet').
[EXO.30.20] When they came to the meeting tent they washed with water and did not die, or when they approached the altar to serve, to offer a woman to Yahveh. [§]
b'voam el ohel moed yirchatzu-mayim ve'lo yamutu o b'gishatam el hamizbeach le'sharet le'hak'tir isha lYahveh.
'b'voam' means 'when they came', 'el' means 'to', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'meeting (the meeting tent)', 'yirchatzu-mayim' means 'they will wash with water', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yamutu' means 'they will die', 'o' means 'or', 'b'gishatam' means 'when they approach', 'el hamizbeach' means 'to the altar', 'le'sharet' means 'to serve', 'le'hak'tir' means 'to offer a sacrifice', 'isha' means 'woman', 'lYahveh' means 'to Yahveh'.
[EXO.30.21] And they shall wash their hands and their feet and not die, and it shall be for them an everlasting decree for him and for his seed for their generations. [§]
ve-rachasoo yedeyhem ve-ragleihem ve-lo yamutu ve-hayetah lahem khak-olam lo u-le-zaro le-dorotam.
've-' means 'and', 'rachasoo' means 'they shall wash', 'yedeyhem' means 'their hands', 've-' again 'and', 'ragleihem' means 'their feet', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yamutu' means 'they shall die', 've-' again 'and', 'hayetah' means 'it shall be', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'khak-olam' means 'everlasting decree', 'lo' means 'for him', 'u-' means 'and', 'le-zaro' means 'for his seed', 'le-dorotam' means 'for their generations'.
[EXO.30.22] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying. [§]
Vayedabber Yahveh el-Mosheh le'emor.
'Vayedabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Mosheh' is the proper name Moses, 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[EXO.30.23] And you take for yourself, in the spices, the head of bitter dross, five hundred; and you purchase for perfume its half, two hundred fifty; and you buy perfume, two hundred fifty. [§]
ve'atta kah-lekha be-samim rosh mar-deror chamesh me'ot ve-kin'eman be-shem machatzito chamesh ve-matayim u'k'neh be-shem chamesh ve-matayim.
've'atta' means 'and you'; 'kah-lekha' means 'take for yourself'; 'be-samim' means 'in the spices'; 'rosh' means 'head'; 'mar-deror' means 'bitter dross'; 'chamesh me'ot' means 'five hundred'; 've-kin'eman' means 'and you purchase (it)'; 'be-shem' means 'for perfume'; 'machatzito' means 'its half'; 'chamesh' means 'fifty'; 've-matayim' means 'and two hundred' (together 250); 'u'k'neh' means 'and purchase'; 'be-shem' again means 'for perfume'; second 'chamesh ve-matayim' repeats 'fifty and two hundred' (250).
[EXO.30.24] And five hundred shekels of the holy shekel and olive oil, behold. [§]
veki da chamesh meot be shekel ha kodesh ve shemen zayit hin.
'veki' means 'and', 'da' is a vocalization of the root meaning 'measure' or 'set aside', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'be' means 'in' or 'by', 'shekel' means the weight or monetary unit 'shekel', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'kodesh' means 'holy' or 'sanctified', 've' means 'and', 'shemen' means 'oil', 'zayit' means 'olive', 'hin' is an interjection meaning 'behold' or 'see'.
[EXO.30.25] And you shall make it oil of defiled holy, a healing from the healer's work, oil of defiled holy shall be. [§]
Veasita oto shemen mishchat qodesh rokach mirqahat maaseh rokeach shemen mishchat qodesh yihye.
'Veasita' means 'and you shall make', 'oto' means 'it', 'shemen' means 'oil', 'mishchat' means 'defiled' or 'unholy', 'qodesh' means 'holy', together 'mishchat qodesh' means 'defiled of holy' or 'unholy holy', 'rokach' means 'healing' or 'medicine', 'mirqahat' means 'from the medicine', 'maaseh' means 'work' or 'deed', 'rokeach' means 'healer', the second 'shemen mishchat qodesh' repeats 'oil of defiled holy', and 'yihye' means 'shall be'.
[EXO.30.26] And you anointed it, the tent of meeting, and the ark of testimony. [§]
u mashachta bo et ohel moed ve et aron ha edut.
'u' means 'and', 'mashachta' means 'you anointed', 'bo' means 'it' or 'in it', 'et' is the direct‑object marker that is not rendered in English, 'ohel moed' means 'tent of meeting' (the tabernacle), 've' means 'and', 'aron' means 'ark', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', and 'edut' means 'testimony' or 'witness'.
[EXO.30.27] and the table and all its vessels and the lampstand and its vessels and the altar of incense. [§]
ve'et hashulchan ve'et kol kelav ve'et ha-menorah ve'et keliyha ve'et mizbach haketoret.
've'et' means 'and' (the conjunction ve plus the direct object marker et), 'hashulchan' means 'the table', 'kol' means 'all', 'kelav' means 'its vessels', 'ha-menorah' means 'the lampstand', 'keliyha' means 'its vessels', 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'haketoret' means 'the incense' (so together 'altar of incense').
[EXO.30.28] and the altar of the burnt offering, and all its vessels, and the laver, and its stand. [§]
ve'et mizbach ha'olah ve'et kol kelav ve'et hakiyr ve'et kanno.
've'et' means 'and', 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'ha'olah' means 'the burnt offering', 'kol' means 'all', 'kelav' means 'its vessels', 'hakiyr' means 'the laver' (a copper basin), 'kanno' means 'its stand' (the support for the basin).
[EXO.30.29] And you shall sanctify them, and they shall be most holy; everyone who touches them shall be sanctified. [§]
ve-kidash'ta otam ve-hayu kodesh kadashim kol-hanogea bam yikdash.
've' means 'and', 'kidash'ta' means 'you shall sanctify', 'otam' means 'them', 've' means 'and' (again), 'hayu' means 'they will be', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'kadashim' means 'most holy' (holy holy), 'kol' means 'all' or 'everyone', 'hanogea' means 'who touches', 'bam' means 'them', 'yikdash' means 'shall be sanctified'.
[EXO.30.30] And you shall anoint Aaron and his sons, and you shall consecrate them as priests for me. [§]
Ve et Aharon ve et banav timshach ve kidashta otam lekohen li.
'Ve' means 'and', 'et' is the accusative marker (no English equivalent), 'Aharon' is the name 'Aaron', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'timshach' means 'you shall anoint', another 've' means 'and', 'kidashta' means 'you shall consecrate', 'otam' means 'them', 'lekohen' means 'to be priests' or 'as priests', and 'li' means 'for me' (referring to the Lord).
[EXO.30.31] And to the children of Israel you shall speak, saying, 'This oil of defiled holiness shall be mine for your generations.' [§]
Ve'el b'nei Yisrael tedaber le'emor shemen mishchat qodesh yihyeh zeh li le-doroteichem.
'Ve'el' means 'and to', 'b'nei' means 'the children/sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'tedaber' means 'you shall speak', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'shemen' means 'oil', 'mishchat' means 'defiled' or 'corrupt', 'qodesh' means 'holy/holiness', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'zeh' means 'this', 'li' means 'for me' or 'to me', 'le-doroteichem' means 'for your generations'.
[EXO.30.32] On the flesh of man you shall not pour, and in his preparation you shall not do like him; he is holy, holy shall be for you. [§]
Al besar adam lo yisach uve-matkunto lo tasu kamohu qodesh hu qodesh yihye lakhem.
'Al' means 'on', 'besar' means 'flesh', 'adam' means 'man', 'lo' means 'not', 'yisach' means 'shall pour', 'uve-matkunto' means 'in his preparation', 'lo' again means 'not', 'tasu' means 'you shall do', 'kamohu' means 'like him', 'qodesh' means 'holy', 'hu' means 'he', 'qodesh' means 'holy' again, 'yihye' means 'will be', 'lakhem' means 'to you'.
[EXO.30.33] A man who becomes drunk like him, and who gives from himself to a foreigner, shall be cut off from his people. [§]
Ish a-sher yir-kach ka-mo-hoo va-a-sher yi-ten mi-me-nu al zar ve-nik-rat me-e-mav.
'Ish' means 'man', 'a-sher' means 'who/that', 'yir-kach' means 'will become drunk', 'ka-mo-hoo' means 'like him', 'va-a-sher' means 'and who', 'yi-ten' means 'will give', 'mi-me-nu' means 'from him', 'al' means 'upon' or 'to', 'zar' means 'a foreigner', 've-nik-rat' means 'and shall be cut off', 'me-e-mav' means 'from his people'.
[EXO.30.34] Yahveh said to Moses, Take for yourself fine linen, blue, purple, and scarlet, fine linen and pure white; it shall be one piece. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe kach lecha samim nataf uschelet vechelbnah samim ulevona zakah bad bevad yihyeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'kach lecha' means 'take for yourself', 'samim' means 'fine linen', 'nataf' means 'blue', 'uschelet' means 'purple', 'vechelbnah' means 'and scarlet', the second 'samim' repeats 'fine linen', 'ulevona zakah' means 'and pure white', and 'bad bevad yihyeh' means 'it shall be a single piece' or 'it shall be together as one'.
[EXO.30.35] And you shall make it a spiced incense, the work of the healer, seasoned pure holy. [§]
ve'asita otah ketoret rokach ma'aseh rokeach memulach tahor kodesh.
've' means 'and', 'asita' means 'you shall make' (second person masculine singular), 'otah' means 'it' (feminine object referring to a thing previously mentioned), 'ketoret' means 'incense', 'rokach' means 'healer' or 'medicinal', 'ma'aseh' means 'work' or 'deed', 'rokeach' means 'the healer' (noun form), 'memulach' means 'seasoned' or 'spiced', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'kodesh' means 'holy'.
[EXO.30.36] And you shall cut a thin piece from it and give from it before the testimony in the tent of meeting, which I will cause you to be there; holy of holies shall be yours. [§]
ve-shachakta mimenna hadek ve-natata mimenna lifnei ha-edut be-ohel moed asher ivvaed lecha shamah kodesh kedoshim tiheyeh lakhem
've-shachakta' means 'and you shall cut a thin piece', 'mimenna' means 'from it', 'hadeg' means 'thin' or 'slim', 've-natata' means 'and you shall give', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'ha-edut' means 'the testimony', 'be-ohel' means 'in the tent', 'moed' means 'of meeting' or 'assembly', 'asher' means 'which', 'ivvaed' means 'I will cause you to be', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'shamah' means 'there', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'kedoshim' means 'holies' (plural), 'tiheyeh' means 'shall be', 'lakhem' means 'to you/for you'.
[EXO.30.37] And the incense which you shall make according to its preparation you shall not make for yourselves; it shall be holy for you to Yahveh. [§]
vehaqetoret asher taaseh bmatkunatah lo taasu lakhem qodesh tihyeh lekha layahveh.
'vehaqetoret' means 'and the incense', 'asher' means 'which', 'taaseh' means 'you shall make', 'bmatkunatah' means 'according to its preparation', 'lo' means 'not', 'taasu' means 'you shall make (for yourselves)', 'lakhem' means 'for you', 'qodesh' means 'holy', 'tihyeh' means 'shall be', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh).
[EXO.30.38] A man who does the same to perfume it shall be cut off from his people. [§]
Ish asher-ya'aseh kamoha leharich bah venikhrat meamav.
'Ish' means 'man', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'ya'aseh' means 'will do' (future 3rd masculine singular), 'kamoha' means 'like it' or 'the same as it', 'leharich' means 'to perfume' or 'to make a scent', 'bah' means 'in it', 'venikhrat' means 'and shall be cut off' (passive perfect), 'meamav' means 'from his people'.
EXO.31
[EXO.31.1] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying. [§]
Vayedabber Yahveh el-Mosheh le'emor.
'Vayedabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Mosheh' is the proper name Moses, 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[EXO.31.2] See, I called by name Tzalel son of Uri son of Hur of the tribe of Judah. [§]
Re'eh karati be-shem be-Tzalel ben Uri ben Hur le-matzeh Yehudah.
'Re'eh' means 'see', 'karati' means 'I called', 'be-shem' means 'by name', 'be-Tzalel' means 'of Tzalel', 'ben' means 'son', 'Uri' is a personal name meaning 'my light', 'ben' again means 'son', 'Hur' is a personal name, 'le-matzeh' means 'to the tribe of', 'Yehudah' means the tribe of Judah.
[EXO.31.3] And I filled it with the Spirit of the Gods, with wisdom, and with understanding, and with knowledge, and with all work. [§]
va'amalle oto ruach elohim bechokmah u'bitvunah u'veda'at u'vekhol melachah.
'va'amalle' means 'and I filled', 'oto' means 'him' or 'it', 'ruach elohim' means 'the Spirit of the Gods', 'bechokmah' means 'with wisdom', 'u'bitvunah' means 'and with understanding', 'u'veda'at' means 'and with knowledge', 'u'vekhol melachah' means 'and with all work or craftsmanship'.
[EXO.31.4] To devise thoughts to make in gold and in silver and in copper. [§]
Lachshov machashavot la'asot ba-zahav u-ba-kesef u-ba-nechoshet.
'Lachshov' means 'to think or devise', 'machashavot' means 'thoughts' (plural), 'la'asot' means 'to make' or 'to do', 'ba-zahav' means 'in gold', 'u-ba-kesef' means 'and in silver', 'u-ba-nechoshet' means 'and in copper'. The phrase strings these words together as a single clause describing the planning of making objects of those metals.
[EXO.31.5] And in the silence of stone to fill, and in the silence of wood to do in every work. [§]
Uvacharosh even lemalot uvacharosh etz laasot bechol melacha.
'Uvacharosh' means 'and in the silence' (u = and, ba = in the, charosh = silence or cutting). 'Even' means 'stone'. 'Lemalot' means 'to fill'. The second 'Uvacharosh' repeats the same phrase. 'Etz' means 'wood' or 'tree'. 'Laasot' means 'to do' or 'to make'. 'Bechol' means 'in all' or 'in every'. 'Melacha' means 'work' or 'labor'.
[EXO.31.6] And I, behold, I have given with him Aholaib son of Ahisamach of the clan of Dan, and in the heart of all wise-hearted I have given wisdom, and they shall do all that I commanded you. [§]
Va'ani hineh natati ito et Aholiab ben Ahisamach le-matate Dan u'velev kol chacham-lev natati chokhmah ve'asu et kol asher tzivitekha.
'Va'ani' means 'and I', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'natati' means 'I have given', 'ito' means 'with him', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Aholiab' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Ahisamach' is a personal name, 'le-matate' means 'to the clan of', 'Dan' is the tribal name, 'u'velev' means 'and in the heart', 'kol' means 'all', 'chacham-lev' means 'wise-hearted', 'natati' again means 'I gave', 'chokhmah' means 'wisdom', 've'asu' means 'and they shall do', 'et' again the object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'tzivitekha' means 'I commanded you'.
[EXO.31.7] the tent of meeting and the ark for testimony and the atonement covering that was upon it and all the vessels of the tent. [§]
et ohel mo'ed ve'et ha'aron la'edut ve'et hakapporet asher alav ve'et kol k'lei ha'ohel
'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ohel' means 'tent', 'mo'ed' means 'meeting' (as in the meeting place), 've'et' means 'and (the)', 'ha'aron' means 'the ark', 'la'edut' means 'for testimony', 'hakapporet' means 'the atonement covering', 'asher' means 'which', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'kol' means 'all', 'k'lei' means 'vessels', 'ha'ohel' means 'the tent' referring to the tabernacle.
[EXO.31.8] and the table and its vessels, and the pure lampstand, and all its vessels, and the altar of incense. [§]
ve'et ha-shulchan ve'et kelav ve'et ha-menorah ha-tahorah ve'et kol-keleha ve'et mizbeach ha-ketoret
've'et' means 'and (the)', 'ha-shulchan' means 'the table', 'kelav' means 'its vessels', 'ha-menorah' means 'the lampstand', 'ha-tahorah' means 'the pure', 'kol-keleha' means 'all its vessels', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'ha-ketoret' means 'of incense'.
[EXO.31.9] and the altar of the burnt offering and all its vessels and the laver and its base. [§]
ve'et mizbach ha'olah ve'et kol kelav ve'et hakiyor ve'et kanno.
've'et' means 'and the', 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'ha'olah' means 'the burnt offering', 'kol' means 'all', 'kelav' means 'its vessels', 'hakiyor' means 'the laver', 'kanno' is a construct form meaning 'its base' or 'its foot' referring to the supporting part of the laver.
[EXO.31.10] And the garments of the ephod, and the garments of the holy, for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons for priesthood. [§]
ve'et bigdei hashrad ve'et bigdei hakodesh leaharon hakohen ve'et bigdei banav le'kohen.
've\'et' means 'and the' (direct object marker), 'bigdei' means 'garments of', 'hashrad' means 'the ephod', 'hakodesh' means 'the holy', 'leaharon' means 'for Aaron', 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'le\'kohen' means 'for priesthood'.
[EXO.31.11] And the oil of anointing and the incense of the spices for the holy, as all that I commanded you they shall do. [§]
ve'et shemen hamishchah ve'et ketoret hasamim lakodesh kechol asher-tsivitkha ya'asu.
've'et' means 'and the', 'shemen' means 'oil', 'hamishchah' means 'of anointing', 've'et' means 'and the', 'ketoret' means 'incense', 'hasamim' means 'of the spices', 'lakodesh' means 'for the holy', 'kechol' means 'as all', 'asher-tsivitkha' means 'that I commanded you', 'ya'asu' means 'they shall do'.
[EXO.31.12] And Yahveh said to Moses, to say. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe leemor.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, and 'leemor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[EXO.31.13] And you shall speak to the children of Israel, saying, Only keep My sabbaths, for this is a sign between Me and you for your generations, that you may know that I Yahveh am the one who sanctifies you. [§]
ve'ata daber el-bnei Yisrael le'emor ach et-shabbotai tishmeru ki ot hi beyni uveineichem ledoroteichem lada'at ki anochi Yahveh meqadischchem.
've'ata' means 'and you'; 'daber' means 'speak'; 'el-bnei' means 'to the children of'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'le'emor' means 'saying'; 'ach' means 'only'; 'et-shabbotai' means 'my sabbaths'; 'tishmeru' means 'you shall keep'; 'ki' means 'for'; 'ot' means 'sign'; 'hi' means 'it is'; 'beyn i' means 'between me'; 'uveineichem' means 'and you'; 'ledoroteichem' means 'to your generations'; 'lada'at' means 'that you may know'; 'ki' means 'that'; 'anochi' means 'I'; 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH; 'meqadischchem' means 'who sanctifies you'.
[EXO.31.14] And you shall keep the Sabbath, for it is holy to you; whoever profanes it shall die, for whoever does work on it shall be cut off, and that soul shall be removed from among its people. [§]
ushmartem et-hashabbat ki kodesh hi lachem mechalaleha mot yumat ki kol-ha'oseh bah melacha ve'nichreta hanefesh hahoo miqerev ammeha.
'ushmartem' means 'you shall keep', 'et-hashabbat' means 'the Sabbath', 'ki' means 'for', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'hi' means 'it', 'lachem' means 'to you', 'mechalaleha' means 'who profanes it', 'mot' means 'shall die', 'yumat' means 'will die', 'kol-ha'oseh' means 'whoever does', 'bah' means 'in it', 'melacha' means 'work', 've'nichreta' means 'and shall be cut off', 'hanefesh' means 'the soul', 'hahoo' means 'that', 'miqerev' means 'from among', 'ammeha' means 'its people'.
[EXO.31.15] Six days work shall be done, and on the seventh day is the Sabbath of Sabbaths, the holy Sabbath to Yahveh; anyone who does work on the Sabbath will die. [§]
sheshet yamim ye'aseh melacha uva-yom hashvi'i shabbat shabbaton kodesh laYahveh kol ha'oseh melacha be-yom hashabbat mot yumat.
'sheshet' means 'six', 'yamim' means 'days', 'ye'aseh' means 'shall be made' or 'shall be done', 'melacha' means 'work' or 'labor', 'uva-yom' means 'and on the day', 'hashvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'shabbat' means 'Sabbath', 'shabbaton' means 'Sabbath of Sabbaths' (intensified Sabbath), 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'kol' means 'any' or 'all', 'ha'oseh' means 'who does' or 'the one who does', 'be-yom' means 'in the day of', 'hashabbat' means 'the Sabbath', 'mot' means 'will die', 'yumat' means 'will die' (future singular).
[EXO.31.16] And the children of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, to observe the Sabbath for their generations, a perpetual covenant. [§]
ve-shamru b'nei Yisrael et ha-Shabbat la'asot et ha-Shabbat le-dorotam berit olam.
've-shamru' means 'and they shall keep', 'b'nei' means 'sons/children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et' is the accusative marker with no direct translation, 'ha-Shabbat' means 'the Sabbath', 'la'asot' means 'to do' or 'to observe', the second 'et' is again the accusative marker, the second 'ha-Shabbat' repeats 'the Sabbath', 'le-dorotam' means 'for their generations', 'berit' means 'covenant', and 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'perpetual'.
[EXO.31.17] Between me and between the children of Israel it is a sign forever, for six days Yahveh made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He rested and breathed out. [§]
Beini uvein b'nei Yisrael ot hi le'olam ki sheshet yamim asah Yahveh et hashamaim ve'et haaretz u'bayom hashvi'i shavat vayinafash.
'Beini' means 'between me', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ot' means 'sign', 'hi' means 'it', 'le'olam' means 'forever', 'ki' means 'for', 'sheshet' means 'six', 'yamim' means 'days', 'asah' means 'made', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens', 've'et' means 'and the', 'haaretz' means 'earth', 'u'bayom' means 'and on the day', 'hashvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'shavat' means 'rested', 'vayinafash' means 'and breathed out'.
[EXO.31.18] And He gave to Moses, when he finished speaking with him on Mount Sinai, two tablets of the testimony, tablets of stone written with the finger of the Gods. [§]
Vayiten el-Mosheh kechalatoh le-daber ito be-Har Sinai shnei luchot ha-edut luchot even ketuvim be-etzba Elohim.
"Vayiten" means "and He gave"; "el-Mosheh" means "to Moses"; "kechalatoh" means "when he finished" (the speaking); "le-daber" means "to speak"; "ito" means "with him"; "be-Har Sinai" means "on Mount Sinai"; "shnei" means "two"; "luchot" means "tablets"; "ha-edut" means "of the testimony"; "luchot" again is "tablets"; "even" means "stone"; "ketuvim" means "written"; "be-etzba" means "with the finger"; "Elohim" means "the Gods".
EXO.32
[EXO.32.1] And the people saw that Moses was ashamed to go down from the mountain, and the people gathered against Aaron and said to him, Rise, make for us the Gods who will go before us, for this Moses the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we did not know what would become to him. [§]
Vayar ha'am ki-boshesh Moshe laredet min hahar vayikahlel ha'am al Aharon vayomru elav kum aseh-lanu elohim asher yelchu lefanenu ki ze Moshe ha'ish asher he'elana me'eretz Mitzrayim lo yada'nu meh-hayah lo.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ki-boshesh' means 'that Moses was ashamed', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'laredet' means 'to go down', 'min' means 'from', 'hahar' means 'the mountain', 'vayikahlel' means 'and they gathered', 'al' means 'against', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'kum' means 'rise', 'aseh-lanu' means 'make for us', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'asher' means 'who', 'yelchu' means 'will go before', 'lefanenu' means 'in front of us', 'ki' means 'for', 'ze' means 'this', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'he'elana' means 'who brought us up', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada'nu' means 'we knew', 'meh-hayah' means 'what would become', 'lo' means 'to him'.
[EXO.32.2] And Aaron said to them, 'Break the gold rings that are in the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me.' [§]
Vayomer alehem Aharon par'ku nizmei hazahav asher be'oznei neshekhem b'neikhem u'venotekhem vehavi'u elai.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron, 'par'ku' means 'break' (imperative plural), 'nizmei' means 'rings', 'hazahav' means 'of gold', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'be'oznei' means 'in the ears of', 'neshekhem' means 'your wives', 'b'neikhem' means 'your sons', 'u'venotekhem' means 'and your daughters', 'vehavi'u' means 'and bring', 'elai' means 'to me'.
[EXO.32.3] And all the people broke the gold earrings that were in their ears, and they brought them to Aaron. [§]
Vayitpar'ku kol ha'am et-nizmei ha-zahav asher be'azneihem vayaviu el Aharon.
'Vayitpar'ku' means 'and they broke', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'et' is the accusative marker (not translated), 'nizmei' means 'earrings', 'ha-zahav' means 'the gold', 'asher' means 'that', 'be'azneihem' means 'in their ears', 'vayaviu' means 'and they brought', 'el' means 'to', 'Aharon' is the name Aaron.
[EXO.32.4] And he took from their hand, and fashioned it in the molten, and made a calf casting, and they said: These are your Gods, Israel, who brought you out from the land of Egypt. [§]
Vayikach miyadam vayatzar oto bachereṭ vayasehu egel masekha vayomru eileh Eloheicha Yisrael asher he'elacha me'eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'miyadam' means 'from their hand', 'vayatzar' means 'and he fashioned', 'oto' means 'it', 'bachereṭ' means 'in the molten', 'vayasehu' means 'and he made it', 'egel' means 'calf', 'masekha' means 'a casting', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'eileh' means 'these', 'Eloheicha' is the plural divine name Elohim and is rendered as 'your Gods', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'he'elacha' means 'brought you out', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', and 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'. The divine name Elohim is translated literally as 'the Gods' according to the given rule.
[EXO.32.5] And Aaron saw, and he built an altar before him, and Aaron called and said, 'Feast to Yahveh tomorrow.' [§]
Vayar Aaron vayiven mizbeach lefanav vayikra vayomar chag laYahveh machar.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'Aaron' is the proper name Aaron, 'vayiven' means 'and he built', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'vayomar' means 'and he said', 'chag' means 'feast', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'machar' means 'tomorrow'.
[EXO.32.6] And they rose early the next day, and they offered burnt offerings, and they brought peace offerings, and the people sat to eat and drink, and they rose to laugh. [§]
Vayashkimu mimmahorat vayya'alu olot vayyagishu shlamim vayyeshev haam le'echol ve'shato vayakumu letzachek.
'Vayashkimu' means 'and they rose early', 'mimmahorat' means 'from tomorrow' (the next day), 'vayya'alu' means 'and they lifted/ offered', 'olot' means 'burnt offerings', 'vayyagishu' means 'and they brought', 'shlamim' means 'peace offerings', 'vayyeshev' means 'and they sat', 'haam' means 'the people', 'le'echol' means 'to eat', 've'shato' means 'and to drink', 'vayakumu' means 'and they rose', 'letzachek' means 'to laugh'.
[EXO.32.7] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, go down, for you have corrupted your people that you brought up from the land of Egypt. [§]
Va-yedaber Yahveh el-Moshe lekh-red ki shichat amkha asher he'elit me'eretz Mitzrayim.
'Va-yedaber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH as given, 'el' means 'to' (the preposition), 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lekh-red' means 'go down', 'ki' means 'for', 'shichat' means 'you have corrupted', 'amkha' means 'your people', 'asher' means 'that', 'he'elit' means 'you have brought up', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.32.8] Hurry quickly from the way that I commanded you, make for them a calf vessel, and they bowed to it and sacrificed to it, and they said, 'These are your Gods, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.' [§]
Saru maher min-haderach asher tzivitem asu lahem egel maskehah vayishtachvu-lo vayizbechu-lo vayomru eileh Eloheikha Yisrael asher heelucha me'eretz Mitzrayim.
'Saru' means 'hurry', 'maher' means 'quickly', 'min-haderach' means 'from the way', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tzivitem' means 'I commanded you', 'asu' means 'make/do', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'egel' means 'calf', 'maskehah' means 'vessel' (a metal image), 'vayishtachvu-lo' means 'and they bowed to it', 'vayizbechu-lo' means 'and they sacrificed to it', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'eileh' means 'these', 'Eloheikha' means 'your Gods' (from Elohim = the Gods), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'who', 'heelucha' means 'brought you up', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[EXO.32.9] Yahveh said to Moses, I have seen this people, and behold, they are a stiff‑necked people. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el Moshe ra'iti et haam hazeh vehineh am kesheh-oref hu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el' means 'to' (as a preposition linking Yahveh to Moshe), 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'haam' means 'the people', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'am' means 'people', 'kesheh-oref' is a compound meaning 'stiff‑necked' (literally 'hard‑necked'), and 'hu' means 'they are'.
[EXO.32.10] And now leave me, and my anger will be kindled against them, and I will devour them, and I will make you a great nation. [§]
ve'atah hanichah li ve'yichar-afi bahem ve'achalem ve'e'aseh otkha le-goy gadol.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'hanichah' means 'let (it) rest' or 'leave', 'li' means 'to me', 've'yichar-afi' means 'and my anger will be kindled', 'bahem' means 'against them', 've'achalem' means 'and I will devour them', 've'e'aseh' means 'and I will make', 'otkha' means 'you', 'le-goy' means 'to a nation', 'gadol' means 'great'.
[EXO.32.11] And Moses began before the face of Yahveh his God, and he said, 'Why, Yahveh, do you become angry with your people, whom you brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and a strong hand?' [§]
Vayechal Moshe et-penei Yahveh Elohav vayomer lama Yahveh yecherah afkha be'amkha asher hotseta me'eretz Mitzrayim bekhoach gadol uveyad chazakah.
'Vayechal' means 'and began', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'et-penei' means 'before the face of', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH, 'Elohav' means 'his God' (El = God), 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lama' means 'why', 'yecherah' means 'you become angry', 'afkha' means 'your anger', 'be'amkha' means 'against your people', 'asher' means 'who', 'hotseta' means 'you brought out', 'me'eretz Mitzrayim' means 'from the land of Egypt', 'bekhoach gadol' means 'with great power', 'uveyad chazakah' means 'and with a strong hand'.
[EXO.32.12] Why do they say, "Egypt says, 'Did they bring us out for evil, to kill us in the mountains and finish us off from the face of the earth?'" Turn back from your wrath and be comforted over the evil for your people. [§]
Lamah yomeru Mitzrayim le'emor be'raah hotziam la'harog otam beharim u'lechalotam me'al pnei ha'adamah shuv me'charon afekha vehinachem al-hara'ah le'amkha.
'Lamah' means 'why', 'yomeru' means 'they say', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'be'raah' means 'in evil', 'hotziam' means 'they brought them out', 'la'harog' means 'to kill', 'otam' means 'them', 'beharim' means 'in the mountains', 'u'lechalotam' means 'and to finish them off', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'pnei' means 'face of', 'ha'adamah' means 'the earth', 'shuv' means 'turn back', 'me'charon' means 'from the anger', 'afekha' means 'your wrath', 'vehinachem' means 'and be comforted', 'al' means 'over', 'hara'ah' means 'the evil', 'le'amkha' means 'for your people'.
[EXO.32.13] Remember, O God, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Israel, your servants, whom you swore to them in your presence, and you spoke to them: I will multiply your seed like the stars of the heavens, and all this earth which I said I would give to your seed, and they shall inherit it forever. [§]
Zekhor le-Avraham le-Yitzchak u-le-Yisrael avadecha asher nishba'ta lahem becha ve-tedaber alehem arbeh et-zar'achem ke-kokhvei ha-shamayim ve-khol ha-aretz hazot asher amarti eten le-zar'achem ve-nachaloo le-olam.
'Zekhor' means 'remember', 'le-Avraham' means 'to Abraham', 'le-Yitzchak' means 'to Isaac', 'u-le-Yisrael' means 'and to Israel', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'nishba'ta' means 'you swore', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'becha' means 'in you/with you', 've-tedaber' means 'and you spoke', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'arbeh' means 'I will multiply', 'et-zar'achem' means 'your seed', 'ke-kokhvei' means 'like the stars of', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens/sky', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land/earth', 'hazot' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'eten' means 'I will give', 'le-zar'achem' again means 'to your seed', 've-nachaloo' means 'and they shall inherit', 'le-olam' means 'forever'.
[EXO.32.14] Yahveh repented of the evil which He spoke to do to his people. [§]
Vayinnahem Yahveh al-harah asher diber la'asot le'ammo.
'Vayinnahem' means 'and repented', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'al' means 'upon' or 'of', 'harah' means 'the evil', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'diber' means 'he spoke', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'le'ammo' means 'to his people'.
[EXO.32.15] And he turned and came down from the mountain, and two tablets of testimony were in his hand, tablets written of their two transgressions, one from this and one from that they are written. [§]
Vayifen vayered Moshe min ha-har ushnai luachot ha-eedut beyado luachot ketuvim mishnei avreiham mizeh u-mizeh hem ketuvim.
'Vayifen' means 'and he turned', 'vayered' means 'and he came down', 'Moshe' is the name 'Moses', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'ushnai' means 'and two', 'luachot' means 'tablets', 'ha-eedut' means 'of testimony', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'luachot' again 'tablets', 'ketuvim' means 'written', 'mishnei' means 'of the two', 'avreiham' means 'their transgressions', 'mizeh' means 'from this', 'u-mizeh' means 'and from that', 'hem' means 'they are', 'ketuvim' again 'written'.
[EXO.32.16] And the tablets are the work of God, they, and the writing is writing of God, it is burnt upon the tablets. [§]
veha-luchot ma'aseh Elohim hemmah vehammikhtav mikhtav Elohim hu charut al ha-luchot.
'veha-luchot' means 'and the tablets', 'ma'aseh' means 'work' or 'deed', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'hemmah' means 'they', 'vehammikhtav' means 'and the writing', 'mikhtav' means 'writing', 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods', 'hu' means 'it', 'charut' means 'burning' or 'is burnt', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha-luchot' means 'the tablets'.
[EXO.32.17] And Joshua heard the voice of the people in Reah, and said to Moses, "voice of war in the camp". [§]
Vayishma Yehoshua et-qol haam beReah vayomer el-Moshe qol milchamah ba-machaneh.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Yehoshua' is the proper name Joshua, 'et-qol' means 'the voice of', 'haam' means 'the people', 'beReah' means 'in Reah', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'qol' means 'voice', 'milchamah' means 'war', 'ba-machaneh' means 'in the camp'.
[EXO.32.18] And (He) said, there is no voice of weakness in strength, and there is no voice of weakness in mute; the voice of weakness I hear. [§]
Va-yomer ein kol anot gevurah ve-ein kol anot chalusah kol anot anochi shomea.
'Va-yomer' means 'And (He) said', 'ein' means 'there is not' or 'there is no', 'kol' means 'voice' or 'sound', 'anot' (from the root anah) means 'weakness' or 'feebleness', 'gevurah' means 'strength' or 'might', 've-ein' means 'and there is no', 'chalusah' means 'mute' or 'speechless', the second 'kol' repeats 'voice', the third 'anot' again means 'weakness', 'anochi' means 'I', and 'shomea' means 'hear' or 'listen'. The verse is a poetic statement about hearing the voice of weakness despite the lack of such voice in power or silence.
[EXO.32.19] And it happened as he drew near to the camp and saw the lamb and the sacrifices, and the anger of Moses was kindled, and he threw from his hand the tablets, and he broke them under the hill. [§]
vayhi kaasher karav el-hammachane vayyar et-haegel umcholat vayichar-af Moses vayashlech miyado et-haluchot vayshaber otam tachat hahar.
'vayhi' means 'and it came to pass', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'karav' means 'he drew near', 'el-hammachane' means 'to the camp', 'vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'et-haegel' means 'the lamb', 'umcholat' means 'and the sacrifices', 'vayichar-af' means 'and his anger was kindled', 'Moses' is a proper name, 'vayashlech' means 'and he threw', 'miyado' means 'from his hand', 'et-haluchot' means 'the tablets', 'vayshaber' means 'and he broke', 'otam' means 'them', 'tachat' means 'under', 'hahar' means 'the hill'.
[EXO.32.20] And he took the kid which they made, and he burned it in fire, and he dried it until it was dry, and he poured it upon the surface of the waters, and he gave drink to the children of Israel. [§]
Vayikach et ha'egel asher asu vayisrof ba'esh vayitchan ad asher-dak vayizer al-penei hamayim vayashaq et-benei Yisrael.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'egel' means 'the kid', 'asher' means 'which', 'asu' means 'they made', 'vayisrof' means 'and he burned', 'ba'esh' means 'in fire', 'vayitchan' means 'and he dried', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher-dak' means 'it was dry', 'vayizer' means 'and he poured', 'al-penei' means 'upon the surface of', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'vayashaq' means 'and he gave drink', 'et-benei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.32.21] And Moses said to Aaron, what have you done to this people, for you have brought a great sin upon them. [§]
Vayomer Moshe el-Aharon mah-asa lekha ha'am hazeh ki heveita alav chetah gedolah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'el-Aharon' means 'to Aaron', 'mah-asa' means 'what have you done', 'lekha' means 'to you' (addressing Aaron), 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ki' means 'for', 'heveita' means 'you have brought', 'alav' means 'upon them', 'chetah' means 'sin', 'gedolah' means 'great'.
[EXO.32.22] And Aaron said, Do not be angry, my Lord; you know the people, for they are evil. [§]
Vayomer Aharon al-yichar af Adoni atah yada et-haam ki bera hu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'al' means 'do not', 'yichar' means 'be angry', 'af' means 'the anger' or functions as part of the phrase 'do not be angry', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'atah' means 'you', 'yada' means 'know' (second person masculine singular), 'et-haam' means 'the people', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'bera' means 'evil' or 'wicked', 'hu' means 'he/it is'.
[EXO.32.23] And they said to me, make for us the Gods that will go before us, for this is Moses the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt; we did not know what was his. [§]
vayomru li aseh-lanu Elohim asher yelchu lefanenu ki ze Moshe ha-ish asher he'elanu me'eretz Mitzrayim lo yada'nu mah-hayah lo.
'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'li' means 'to me', 'aseh-lanu' means 'make for us', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'asher' means 'that' or 'who', 'yelchu' means 'will go', 'lefanenu' means 'before us', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ze' means 'this', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'he'elanu' means 'who brought us up', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada'nu' means 'we knew', 'mah-hayah' means 'what was', 'lo' at the end means 'to him' or 'his'.
[EXO.32.24] And I said to them, 'For whom is the gold divided?' and they gave it to me, and I threw it into the fire, and this young goat came out. [§]
Va'omar lahem lemi zahav hitparaku vayitnu-li va'ashlichehu ba'esh vayatzey ha'egel hazeh.
'Va'omar' means 'and I said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'lemi' means 'for whom' or 'to whom', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'hitparaku' means 'they divided', 'vayitnu-li' means 'and they gave (it) to me', 'va'ashlichehu' means 'and I threw it', 'ba'esh' means 'into the fire', 'vayatzey' means 'and it came out', 'ha'egel' means 'the young goat', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[EXO.32.25] And Moses saw the people, because they were rebellious, because Aaron was rebelling to bring about destruction among them. [§]
Vayyar Moshe et-ha'am ki parua hu ki-p'raho Aharon le-shimtsa b'kamyehem.
'Vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et-ha'am' means 'the people', 'ki' means 'because', 'parua' means 'rebellious' (describing the people), 'hu' means 'he/it', 'ki-p'raho' means 'because Aaron was rebelling', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'le-shimtsa' means 'to bring about destruction', 'b'kamyehem' means 'among them' or 'in their midst'.
[EXO.32.26] And Moses stood at the gate of the camp and said, 'Who is Yahveh to me?' Then all the sons of Levi gathered to him. [§]
Vaya'amod Moshe besha'ar hamachaneh vayomer mi l'Yahveh elai vayye'osfu elav kol-b'nei Levi.
'Vaya'amod' means 'and he stood', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'besha'ar' means 'at the gate', 'hamachaneh' means 'of the camp', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mi' means 'who', "l'Yahveh" means 'to Yahveh', 'elai' means 'to me', 'vayye'osfu' means 'and they gathered', 'elav' means 'to him', 'kol-b'nei' means 'all the sons of', 'Levi' is the name of the tribe Levi.
[EXO.32.27] And he said to them, thus says Yahveh the God of Israel, 'Place each man's sword on his thigh; go across and return from gate to gate in the camp, and kill a man his brother and a man his neighbor and a man his close one.' [§]
Vayomer lahem koh amar Yahveh Elohei Yisrael simu ish-harbo al-yerecho ivru vashuvu mishar lashar bamachaneh vehirgu ish et achiv ve ish et rehu ve ish et kerovo.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods' (plural) but here used for the one God of Israel, 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'simu' means 'place', 'ish' means 'a man', 'harbo' means 'his sword', 'al' means 'on', 'yerecho' means 'his thigh', 'ivru' means 'go across', 'vashuvu' means 'and return', 'mishar' means 'from gate', 'lashar' means 'to gate', 'bamachaneh' means 'in the camp', 'vehirgu' means 'and kill', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'achiv' means 'his brother', 've' means 'and', 'rehu' means 'his neighbor', 'kerovo' means 'his near one' or 'his close one'.
[EXO.32.28] And the children of Levi did as Moses said, and three thousand men fell from the people that day. [§]
Vayasu b'nei Levi kidvar Moshe vayipol min ha'am bayom hahu kishloshet alfei ish.
'Vayasu' means 'and they did', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Levi' is a proper name, 'kidvar' means 'according to the word', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayipol' means 'and fell', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'bayom' means 'the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'kishloshet' means 'as three thousand', 'alfei' means 'of thousand', 'ish' means 'men'.
[EXO.32.29] And Moses said, Fill your hands today for Yahveh because a man in his son and in his brother, and to give upon you today a blessing. [§]
Vayomer Moshe milu yedekhem hayom layahveh ki ish bibno uve'achiv ve'lateit aleikhem hayom beracha.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'milu' means 'fill (imperative plural)', 'yedekhem' means 'your hand(s)', 'hayom' means 'today', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'ki' means 'because', 'ish' means 'a man', 'bibno' means 'in his son', 'uve'achiv' means 'and in his brother', 've'lateit' means 'and to give', 'aleikhem' means 'upon you (plural)', 'hayom' means 'today' again, 'beracha' means 'a blessing'.
[EXO.32.30] And it happened the next day, and Moses said to the people, 'You have sinned a great sin; now I will go up to Yahveh perhaps I will atone for your sin.' [§]
Vayehi mimmachorat vayomer Moshe el haam atem chatatem chatatah gedolah ve'atah e'eleh el Yahveh ulay akhaprah be'ad chatatchem.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'mimmachorat' means 'the next day', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'chatatem' means 'have sinned', 'chatatah' means 'sin', 'gedolah' means 'great', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'e'eleh' means 'I will go up', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'ulay' means 'perhaps', 'akhaprah' means 'I will atone', 'be'ad' means 'for the sake of', 'chatatchem' means 'your sin'.
[EXO.32.31] And Moses returned to Yahveh and said, 'Please, this people have sinned a great sin, and they made for themselves the Gods of gold.' [§]
Vayashav Moshe el-Yahveh vayomer ana chata ha'am hazeh chatatah gedolah vayasu lahem Elohei zahav.
'Vayashav' means 'and returned', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to God', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'ana' means 'please', 'chata' means 'has sinned', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'chatatah' means 'a sin', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'vayasu' means 'and they made', 'lahem' means 'for themselves', 'Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'zahav' means 'gold'.
[EXO.32.32] And now, if you will bear their sin, and if there is none, spare me, please, from your written record. [§]
ve'atah im tissa chatatam ve'im ein mecheni na misifreka asher katavta.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'im' means 'if', 'tissa' means 'you will bear' or 'take on', 'chatatam' means 'their sin', 've'im' means 'and if', 'ein' means 'there is not' or 'if none', 'mecheni' means 'spare me', 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please', 'misifreka' means 'from your record' (literally 'from your counting'), 'asher' means 'that which', 'katavta' means 'you wrote'.
[EXO.32.33] And Yahveh said to Moses, Who has sinned against me that I will blot him out of my book. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Mosheh mi asher chata-li emchenno misifri.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH meaning the Divine Name, 'el-Mosheh' means 'to Moses', 'mi' means 'who', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'chata-li' means 'has sinned against me', 'emchenno' means 'I will blot out him', 'misifri' means 'from my book'.
[EXO.32.34] Now go, lead the people to what I have spoken to you; behold, my messenger will go before you, and on the day of my visitation I will punish them for their sin. [§]
Ve'atah lekh neche et ha'am el asher dibarti lakh hineh mal'achi yeilekh lefanekha uveyom pakdi ufakadti aleihem chatatam.
'Ve'atah' means 'now', 'lekh' means 'go', 'neche' means 'lead', 'et ha'am' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'asher' means 'that which', 'dibarti' means 'I spoke', 'lakh' means 'to you (female)', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'mal'achi' means 'my messenger', 'yeilekh' means 'will go', 'lefanekha' means 'before you (male)', 'uveyom' means 'and on the day', 'pakdi' means 'of my visitation', 'ufakadti' means 'I will punish', 'aleihem' means 'them', 'chatatam' means 'their sin'.
[EXO.32.35] Yahveh smote the people because they made the calf that Aaron made. [§]
Vayiggof YHVH et haam al asher asu et haegel asher asah Aharon.
'Vayiggof' means 'and smote', 'YHVH' means 'Yahveh', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'haam' means 'the people', 'al' means 'because of' or 'for', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'asu' means 'they made', 'haegel' means 'the calf', the second 'asher' means 'that', 'asah' means 'made', and 'Aharon' means 'Aaron'.
EXO.33
[EXO.33.1] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, Go up from here, you and the people whom you have brought up from the land of Egypt to the land that I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying: to your seed I will give it. [§]
va-y'dabber Yahveh el-Moshe lekh aleh mizzeh attah ve-ha'am asher he'elitah me'eretz Mitzrayim el-ha'aretz asher nishba'ti le'Avraham le'Yitzchak ul'Ya'akov le'emor le'zara'kha etnenah.
'va-y'dabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lekh' means 'go', 'aleh' means 'up', 'mizzeh' means 'from here', 'attah' means 'you', 've-ha'am' means 'and the people', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'he'elitah' means 'you have brought up', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that', 'nishba'ti' means 'I swore', 'le'Avraham' means 'to Abraham', 'le'Yitzchak' means 'to Isaac', 'ul'Ya'akov' means 'and to Jacob', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'le'zara'kha' means 'to your seed', 'etnenah' means 'I will give it'.
[EXO.33.2] And I will send before you a messenger, and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. [§]
ve-shalachti lefanekha mal'ach ve-gerashti et hakenaani ha'emori ve-hachitti ve-haprezi hachivi ve-hayevusi.
've-shalachti' means 'and I will send', 'lefanekha' means 'before you' or 'to you', 'mal'ach' means 'messenger' or 'angel', 've-gerashti' means 'and I will drive out', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hakenaani' means 'the Canaanite', 'ha'emori' means 'the Amorite', 've-hachitti' means 'and the Hittite', 've-haprezi' means 'and the Perizzite', 'hachivi' means 'the Hivite', 've-hayevusi' means 'and the Jebusite'.
[EXO.33.3] God of the earth flows milk and honey, because I will not ascend within you, for you are a people hard of heart, lest I eat you on the way. [§]
El eretz zavat chalav udvash ki lo eale beqirveka ki am ksheh-oref atah pen achelka badarek.
'El' means 'God', 'eretz' means 'earth', 'zavat' means 'flows', 'chalav' means 'milk', 'udvash' means 'and honey', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'eale' means 'I will ascend', 'beqirveka' means 'within you', 'am' means 'people', 'ksheh-oref' means 'hard of heart', 'atah' means 'you are', 'pen' means 'lest', 'achelka' means 'I will eat you', 'badarek' means 'on the way'.
[EXO.33.4] The people heard this evil thing, and they mourned, and no man offered a drink in his honor. [§]
vayishma ha'am et-hadavar har'a hazeh vayit'abbalu velo shatu ish edyo alav.
'vayishma' means 'and (they) heard', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'et-hadavar' means 'the thing/word (object)', 'har'a' means 'the evil/bad', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vayit'abbalu' means 'and they mourned', 'velo' means 'and not', 'shatu' means 'they drank', 'ish' means 'a man', 'edyo' means 'his witness', 'alav' means 'upon him' or 'against him'. The phrase 'velo shatu ish edyo alav' is an idiom meaning that no man offered a drink in his honor or bore witness against him.
[EXO.33.5] And Yahveh said to Moses, Speak to the children of Israel, You are a people of a stiff neck; in a moment I will go up among you and destroy you. And now bring down your wrath from upon you, that I may know what I shall do to you. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe amar el-bnei Yisrael atem am keshhe orof regah echad e'aleh beqirbekha vechilitkha ve'atah horid edveka me'aleikha ve'ed'ah mah e'aseh-lakh.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'amar' means 'speak', 'el-bnei Yisrael' means 'to the children of Israel', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'am keshhe orof' means 'a people of a stiff neck' (stubborn), 'regah echad' means 'in a moment' or 'a single instant', 'e'aleh beqirbekha' means 'I will go up among you', 'vechilitkha' means 'and I will destroy you', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'horid edveka me'aleikha' means 'bring down your anger from upon you', 've'ed'ah' means 'and I will know', 'mah e'aseh-lakh' means 'what I shall do to you'.
[EXO.33.6] And the children of Israel fled the Edomites from Mount Chorev. [§]
Vayitnazlu b'nei Yisrael et edyam meHar Chorev.
'Vayitnazlu' means 'and they fled', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'et' is the accusative marker (no direct translation), 'edyam' means 'the Edomites', 'meHar' means 'from the mountain', 'Chorev' is the name of the mountain.
[EXO.33.7] And Moses will take the tent and set it up for him outside the camp at a distance from the camp, and he will call it the Tent of Meeting, and it shall be that any seeker of Yahveh shall go out to the Tent of Meeting which is outside the camp. [§]
uMoses yikach et ha-ohel ve-natah-lo mi-chutz la-machaneh harheq min ha-machaneh ve-qara lo ohel Moed ve-hayah kol-mevakesh Yahveh yezte el ohel Moed asher mi-chutz la-machaneh.
'uMoses' means 'and Moses'; 'yikach' means 'will take'; 'et' is the direct object marker; 'ha-ohel' means 'the tent'; 've-natah-lo' means 'and will set it up for him'; 'mi-chutz' means 'outside'; 'la-machaneh' means 'the camp'; 'harheq' means 'at a distance'; 'min' means 'from'; 've-qara' means 'and will call'; 'lo' means 'it'; 'ohel Moed' means 'Tent of Meeting'; 've-hayah' means 'and it shall be'; 'kol-mevakesh' means 'any seeker'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH; 'yezte' means 'shall go out'; 'el' means 'to'; 'ohel Moed' again 'Tent of Meeting'; 'asher' means 'which'; 'mi-chutz' again 'outside'; 'la-machaneh' again 'the camp'.
[EXO.33.8] And it shall be, when Moses went out of the camp, all the people shall arise and each man shall stand at the opening of his tent, and they shall look after Moses until he entered the camp. [§]
vehayah ketsat Moshe el-haohel yakumu kol-haam venitzvu ish petach aholo vehibitu acharei Moshe ad-vo'o ha'ohela.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ketsat' means 'when ... went out', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'el' means 'to' or 'out of', 'haohel' means 'the camp', 'yakumu' means 'they shall arise', 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'venitzvu' means 'and each shall stand', 'ish' means 'man', 'petach' means 'opening', 'aholo' means 'of his tent', 'vehibitu' means 'and they shall look after', 'acharei' means 'behind' or 'after', 'Moshe' again the name, 'ad-vo'o' means 'until he entered', 'ha'ohela' means 'the camp'.
[EXO.33.9] And it shall be, when Moses entered the tent, the pillar of the cloud descended and stood at the opening of the tent, and spoke with Moses. [§]
vehayah kevo Moshe haOheila yered amud ha'anan ve'amad petach haOhel ve'diber im Moshe.
'vehayah' means 'and it will be', 'kevo' means 'when [he] comes', 'Moshe' is the name 'Moses', 'haOheila' means 'the tent/tabernacle', 'yered' means 'descends', 'amud' means 'pillar', 'ha'anan' means 'the cloud', 've'amad' means 'and stands', 'petach' means 'opening/door', 'haOhel' means 'the tent', 've'diber' means 'and spoke', 'im' means 'with', and the second 'Moshe' is again the name 'Moses'.
[EXO.33.10] And all the people saw the pillar of the cloud standing at the entrance of the tent, and all the people rose and bowed each at the entrance of his tent. [§]
ve-ra'ah kol ha'am et ammud ha'anan omed petach ha'ohel ve-kam kol ha'am ve-hishtachavu ish petach ohalo.
've-ra'ah' means 'and saw', 'kol ha'am' means 'all the people', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ammud' means 'pillar', 'ha'anan' means 'the cloud', 'omed' means 'standing', 'petach' means 'entrance', 'ha'ohel' means 'the tent', 've-kam' means 'and rose', 've-hishtachavu' means 'and bowed down', 'ish' means 'each (person)', 'petach' again means 'entrance', 'ohalo' means 'his tent'.
[EXO.33.11] And Yahveh spoke to Moses face to face as a man speaks to his companion, and he returned to the camp and his servant Joshua son of Nun the youth will not remain within the tent. [§]
ve-diber Yahveh el-Moshe panim el-panim ka'asher yedaber ish el-re'ehhu ve-shav el-hamachaneh u-mesharto Yehoshua bin-Nun na'ar lo yamish mitokh ha-ohel.
've-diber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'panim' means 'face(s)', 'el-panim' means 'to face', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'yedaber' means 'he will speak', 'ish' means 'a man', 'el-re'ehhu' means 'to his companion', 've-shav' means 'and returned', 'el-hamachaneh' means 'to the camp', 'u-mesharto' means 'and his servant', 'Yehoshua' is the name Joshua, 'bin-Nun' means 'son of Nun', 'na'ar' means 'youth' or 'young man', 'lo' means 'not', 'yamish' means 'will remain', 'mitokh' means 'from within', 'ha-ohel' means 'the tent'.
[EXO.33.12] And Moses said to Yahveh, "See, you are saying to me, bring up this people, and you have not told me what you will send with me; and you said, I have known you by name, and also you have found favor in my eyes." [§]
vayomer Moshe el-Yahveh re'eh attah omer elai ha'al al ha'am hazeh ve'attah lo hodaatani et asher tishlach immi ve'attah amarta yedaticha beshem vegam-matzata chen be'einai.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 're'eh' means 'see', 'attah' means 'you', 'omer' means 'are saying', 'elai' means 'to me', 'ha'al' means 'bring up' or 'raise up', 'al ha'am' means 'the people', 'hazeh' means 'this', 've'attah' means 'and you', 'lo' means 'not', 'hodaatani' means 'you have told me', 'et' is a direct‑object marker left untranslated, 'asher tishlach' means 'that you will send', 'immi' means 'with me', 'amarta' means 'you said', 'yedaticha' means 'I have known you', 'beshem' means 'by name', 'vegam-matzata' means 'and also you have found', 'chen' means 'favor', 'be'einai' means 'in my eyes'. The divine name YHVH is consistently translated as Yahveh as instructed.
[EXO.33.13] Now, if I have found favor in your eyes, please tell me your ways and I will know you, so that I may find favor in your eyes, and see that your people, this nation. [§]
ve'atah im na matzati chen be'einecha hodi'eni na et-d'rakhek ve'edacha lema'an emtza-chen be'einecha u're'eh ki ammecha ha-goy hazeh.
've'atah' means 'now', 'im' means 'if', 'na' means 'please', 'matzati' means 'I have found', 'chen' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'hodi'eni' means 'inform me' or 'let me know', 'na' again means 'please', 'et-d'rakhek' means 'your ways', 've'edacha' means 'and I will know you', 'lema'an' means 'in order that' or 'so that', 'emtza-chen' means 'I may find favor', 'be'einecha' again means 'in your eyes', 'u're'eh' means 'and see' or 'and look', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'ammecha' means 'your people', 'ha-goy' means 'the nation', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[EXO.33.14] And he said, My face will go, and I will cause you to rest. [§]
Vayomer panai yelechu va'hanichoti lach.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'panai' means 'my face' or 'my countenance', 'yelechu' means 'they will go', 'va'hanichoti' means 'and I will cause to rest' or 'and I will set down', 'lach' means 'to you' (feminine).
[EXO.33.15] And he said to him, If there is no your face going, do not bring us out of this. [§]
Vayomer elav, im ein panecha holechim al-ta'aleinu mizzeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'im' means 'if', 'ein' means 'there is not' or 'no', 'panecha' means 'your face', 'holechim' means 'going' or 'walking' (masculine plural participle), 'al' means 'do not', 'ta'aleinu' means 'bring us up' or 'lead us out', 'mizzeh' means 'from this' or 'out of this'.
[EXO.33.16] And with what shall it be known, indeed, that I have found favor in your eyes, I and your people; is it not by your walking with us that we and your people shall be scattered from all the people who are upon the face of the earth. [§]
U-bammeh yivda efho ki-matzati chen be'einecha ani ve'ammecha halo be-lechtecha imanu ve'nifleinu ani ve'ammecha mikol ha'am asher al-pnei ha'adamah
'U-bammeh' means 'and with what', 'yivda' means 'will be known', 'efho' is an emphatic particle like 'indeed', 'ki-matzati' means 'that I have found', 'chen' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'ani' means 'I', 've'ammecha' means 'and your people', 'halo' means 'is it not', 'be-lechtecha' means 'by your walking', 'imanu' means 'with us', 've'nifleinu' means 'and we shall be scattered', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'al-pnei' means 'upon the face of', 'ha'adamah' means 'the earth'.
[EXO.33.17] And Yahveh said to Moses, "Even the thing you have spoken I will do, because you have found favor in my eyes, and I have known you by name." [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Mosheh gam et-hadavar hazeh asher dibarta e'eseh ki-matzata chen be-einai va'edochach be-shem.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Mosheh' means 'to Moses', 'gam' means 'also', 'et-hadavar' means 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'dibarta' means 'you have spoken', 'e'eseh' means 'I will do', 'ki' means 'because', 'matzata' means 'you have found', 'chen' means 'favor/grace', 'be-einai' means 'in my eyes', 'va'edochach' means 'and I have known you', 'be-shem' means 'by name'.
[EXO.33.18] And he said, please show me your glory. [§]
Vayomer haraeni na et kavodkha.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'haraeni' means 'show me', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'please', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kavodkha' means 'your glory'.
[EXO.33.19] I will pass all my good before you and I will call in the name Yahveh before you and I will be gracious to the one I will pardon and I will have mercy on the one I will have mercy on. [§]
Vayomer ani a'avor kol-tuvi al-panecha ve'karati b'shem Yahveh lefanekha ve'chanoti et-asher achon ve'richamti et-asher arahem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ani' means 'I', 'a'avor' means 'will pass', 'kol-tuvi' means 'all my good', 'al-panecha' means 'before you', 've'karati' means 'and I will call', 'b'shem' means 'in the name', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 've'chanoti' means 'and I will be gracious', 'et-asher' means 'to the one who', 'achon' means 'I will pardon', 've'richamti' means 'and I will have mercy', 'et-asher' again means 'to the one who', 'arahem' means 'I will have mercy on'.
[EXO.33.20] And he said, 'You shall not be able to see my face, for man does not fear me and lives.' [§]
Vayomer lo tukhal lir'ot et panay ki lo yir'ani haadam vachai.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'tukhal' means 'you can' (future), 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 'et' is a particle with no English equivalent, 'panay' means 'my face', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', the second 'lo' means 'not', 'yir'ani' means 'fear me' or 'revere me', 'haadam' means 'the man' or 'human', and 'vachai' means 'and lives' (or 'and [he] lives').
[EXO.33.21] And Yahveh said, "Behold, a place is with me, and you shall stand upon the rock." [§]
Vayomer Yahveh hineh makom iti venitzavta al hatzur.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'hineh' means 'behold' or 'see', 'makom' means 'place', 'iti' means 'with me', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'nitzavta' means 'you shall stand', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'hatzur' means 'the rock'.
[EXO.33.22] And it shall be, when my glory passes, that I will place you in the cleft of the rock and I will press my hand upon you until I pass. [§]
vehayah ba'avor kevodi ve'samti-kha be'nikrat ha-tsur ve'sachoti kapi alaykha ad avri.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ba'avor' means 'when (it) passes', 'kevodi' means 'my glory', 've'samti-kha' means 'and I will place you', 'be'nikrat' means 'in the cleft' (from the root for a split or crack), 'ha-tsur' means 'the rock', 've'sachoti' means 'and I will press/lay', 'kapi' means 'my hand', 'alaykha' means 'upon you', 'ad' means 'until', 'avri' means 'I pass' or 'I go through'.
[EXO.33.23] And I removed my hand, and you saw my other hand, and my face will not be seen. [§]
vahasiroti et-kappi veraita et-achorai ufani lo yerau.
'vahasiroti' means 'and I removed', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kappi' means 'my hand', 'veraita' means 'and you saw', 'et' again is the object marker, 'achorai' means 'my other (hand)', 'ufani' means 'and my face', 'lo' means 'not', 'yerau' means 'they will be seen'.
EXO.34
[EXO.34.1] And Yahveh said to Moses, Make for you two stone tablets like the first ones, and I will write on the tablets the words which were on the first tablets which you broke. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Mosheh Pesel lecha shnei luachot evenim karishonim vechtavti al-haluachot et-hadvarim asher hayu al-haluachot harishonim asher shibarta.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Mosheh' means 'to Moses', 'Pesel' means 'make' (imperative), 'lecha' means 'for you', 'shnei' means 'two', 'luachot' means 'tablets', 'evenim' means 'of stone', 'karishonim' means 'first', 'vechtavti' means 'and I will write', 'al' means 'on', 'haluachot' means 'the tablets', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hayu' means 'were', 'al' means 'on', 'haluachot' means 'the tablets', 'harishonim' means 'the first', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'shibarta' means 'you broke'.
[EXO.34.2] And it shall be proper for the morning, and you shall go up in the morning to Mount Sinai, and you shall stand for me there upon the top of the mountain. [§]
veheyyeh nachon la-boker ve-alita ba-boker el har Sinai ve-nitzavta li sham al rosh ha-har.
'veheyyeh' means 'and it shall be', 'nachon' means 'right' or 'proper', 'la-boker' means 'for the morning', 've-alita' means 'and you shall go up', 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'el' means 'to', 'har' means 'mountain', 'Sinai' is the proper name of the mountain, 've-nitzavta' means 'and you shall stand', 'li' means 'for me', 'sham' means 'there', 'al rosh ha-har' means 'upon the head/top of the mountain'.
[EXO.34.3] And no man shall ascend with you, and also no man shall fear any of the hills; also the flock and the cattle shall not graze opposite that hill. [§]
ve'ish lo-ya'ale imach ve-gam ish al-yire be'khol ha-har gam ha-tzo'on ve-habaqar al-yir'u el mul ha-har ha-hu.
've'ish' means 'and a man', 'lo' means 'not', 'ya'ale' means 'will go up/ascend', 'imach' means 'with you', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'ish' means 'a man', 'al-yire' means 'shall not fear', 'be'khol' means 'in all/any', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain/hill', 'gam' means 'also', 'ha-tzo'on' means 'the flock', 've-habaqar' means 'and the cattle', 'al-yir'u' means 'shall not graze', 'el' means 'toward', 'mul' means 'opposite/against', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'ha-hu' means 'that'.
[EXO.34.4] And he cast two tablets of stone, the first ones, and Moses rose early in the morning and went up to Mount Sinai as Yahveh commanded him, and he took in his hand two tablets of stone. [§]
Vayifsol shenei-luchot avanim karishonim vayashkem Moshe baboker vayaal el-har Sinai ka'asher tzivah Yahveh oto vayikach beyado shenei-luchot avanim.
'Vayifsol' means 'and he cast', 'shenei' means 'two', 'luchot' means 'tablets', 'avanim' means 'of stone', 'karishonim' means 'the first', 'vayashkem' means 'and he rose early', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vayaal' means 'and he went up', 'el-har' means 'to the mountain', 'Sinai' is the name of the mountain, 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' translates the divine name YHVH, 'oto' means 'him', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'beyado' means 'in his hand'.
[EXO.34.5] And Yahveh went down in the cloud and stood with him there and called in the name Yahveh. [§]
Vayered Yahveh be'anan vayyit'atzav immo sham vayyikra beshem Yahveh.
'Vayered' means 'and he went down', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'be'anan' means 'in the cloud', 'vayyit'atzav' means 'and stood', 'immo' means 'with him', 'sham' means 'there', 'vayyikra' means 'and called', 'beshem' means 'in the name of', and the final 'Yahveh' is again the name of God.
[EXO.34.6] And Yahveh passed before his face and called Yahveh Yahveh God merciful and gracious, long‑tempered and abundant in kindness and truth. [§]
Vayya'avar Yahveh al panav vayikra Yahveh Yahveh El rachum vechanun erekh apayim ve-rav chesed veemet.
'Vayya'avar' means 'and passed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al' means 'upon', 'panav' means 'his face', 'vayikra' means 'and called', the double 'Yahveh Yahveh' repeats the divine name, 'El' means 'God', 'rachum' means 'merciful', 'vechanun' means 'and gracious', 'erekh' means 'long', 'apayim' means 'tempered', 've-rav' means 'and abundant', 'chesed' means 'kindness', 'veemet' means 'and truth'.
[EXO.34.7] Guardian of mercy for the thousands, bearer of iniquity, transgression and sin, and the pure one does not purify; He who counts the iniquity of fathers upon sons and upon the sons of sons, upon the third generations and upon the fourth generations. [§]
Notser chesed la'alafim nose avon va'pesha ve'chattaah ve'nakeh lo yenakeh poked avon avot al-banim ve'al-b'nei banim al-shileshim ve'al-ribbaim.
'Notser' means 'guardian', 'chesed' means 'lovingkindness or mercy', 'la'alafim' means 'for thousands', 'nose' means 'bearing', 'avon' means 'iniquity', 'va'pesha' means 'and transgression', 've'chattaah' means 'and sin', 've'nakeh' means 'and pure', 'lo' means 'not', 'yenakeh' means 'will purify', 'poked' means 'examines', 'avon' again means 'iniquity', 'avot' means 'fathers', 'al-banim' means 'upon sons', 've'al-b'nei banim' means 'and upon the sons of sons', 'al-shileshim' means 'upon the third generations', 've'al-ribbaim' means 'and upon the fourth generations'.
[EXO.34.8] Moses hurried, and he bowed to the ground, and he worshiped. [§]
Vaymaher Moshe Vayikod Ertzah Vayishtachu.
'Vaymaher' means 'and he hurried', 'Moshe' is the proper name Moses, 'Vayikod' means 'and he bowed (down)', 'Ertzah' means 'the ground' or 'the earth', 'Vayishtachu' means 'and he worshiped' or 'and he bowed low'.
[EXO.34.9] And he said, If I have found favor in your eyes, my Lord, please let my Lord go among us, for the people are a stiff‑necked people, and you will forgive our iniquities and our sins and we shall inherit. [§]
Vayomer im-na matzati chein be'einecha Adonai yeilech na Adonai bekirbeinu ki am keshe-oref hu ve'salachta la'avoneinu u'lechatatenu u'nehaltnu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'im-na' means 'if I', 'matzati' means 'have found', 'chein' means 'favor', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'yeilech' means 'may go', 'na' is a particle meaning 'please', the second 'Adonai' again means 'my Lord', 'bekirbeinu' means 'among us', 'ki' means 'for', 'am' means 'people', 'keshe-oref' means 'stiff‑necked' or 'hard‑hearted', 'hu' means 'he/it is', 've'salachta' means 'and you will forgive', 'la'avoneinu' means 'our iniquities', 'u'lechatatenu' means 'and our sins', 'u'nehaltnu' means 'and we shall inherit'.
[EXO.34.10] And he said, Behold, I am making a covenant before all your people, that I will do wonders which have not been created in all the earth and among all the nations, and all the people who are within you will see the work of Yahveh, for it is marvelous, that which I am doing with you. [§]
Va-yomer hi-neh a-no-chi ko-ret be-rit ne-ged kol-am-me-cha e-e-seh nif-la-ot a-sher lo ni-bre-u be-khol ha-a-retz u-be-khol ha-go-yim ve-ra-a kol ha-am a-sher a-ta be-ki-rov bo et ma-a-seh Yahveh ki no-rah hu a-sher a-ni o-seh im-mach.
'Va-yomer' means 'and he said', 'hi-neh' means 'behold', 'a-no-chi' means 'I', 'ko-ret' means 'making' (from the root 'to cut' implying a covenant), 'be-rit' means 'a covenant', 'ne-ged' means 'before', 'kol-am-me-cha' means 'all your people', 'e-e-seh' means 'I will do', 'nif-la-ot' means 'wonders', 'a-sher' means 'that', 'lo' means 'not', 'ni-bre-u' means 'were created', 'be-khol ha-a-retz' means 'in all the earth', 'u-be-khol ha-go-yim' means 'and among all the nations', 've-ra-a' means 'and will see', 'kol ha-am' means 'all the people', 'a-sher a-ta' means 'who are in you', 'be-ki-rov bo' means 'within you', 'et ma-a-seh' means 'the work of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'for', 'no-rah' means 'wonderful' or 'marvelous', 'hu' means 'it is', 'a-sher a-ni' means 'that I', 'o-seh' means 'am doing', 'im-mach' means 'with you'.
[EXO.34.11] Observe for yourself what I command you today: Behold, I will drive out before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. [§]
shamar lekha et asher anokhi metzavekha hayom hineni goresh mipanecha et haamori vehaknaani vehachiti vehaperazi vehachivi vehayebusi.
'shamar' means 'observe' or 'guard', 'lekha' means 'for yourself', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'asher' means 'that' or 'what', 'anokhi' means 'I', 'metzavekha' means 'command you', 'hayom' means 'today', 'hineni' means 'behold' or 'here I am', 'goresh' means 'will drive out', 'mipanecha' means 'before you', 'et' again the accusative marker, 'haamori' means 'the Amorite', 'veha' means 'and the', 'knaani' means 'Canaanite', 'chiti' means 'Hittite', 'perazi' means 'Perizzite', 'chivi' means 'Hivite', 'yebusi' means 'Jebusite'.
[EXO.34.12] Take heed for yourself lest you cut a covenant with the inhabitant of the land which you have come upon, lest it become a stumbling in your midst. [§]
Hishamer lecha pen tikrot berit leyoshev haaretz asher attah ba aleyha pen yihye le-mokesh beqarveka.
'Hishamer' means 'watch' or 'take heed', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'pen' means 'lest', 'tikrot' means 'you cut' (here a covenant), 'berit' means 'covenant', 'leyoshev' means 'to the inhabitant', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'asher' means 'that' or 'who', 'attah' means 'you', 'ba' means 'have come', 'aleyha' means 'upon it', 'pen' again means 'lest', 'yihye' means 'it shall be', 'le-mokesh' means 'a stumbling' (as a stumbling block), 'beqarveka' means 'in your midst'. The verse is a warning to be careful about making agreements with the people who live in the land you are entering, because such an agreement could become a source of trouble for you.
[EXO.34.13] Because you will cut down their altars, and you will break their standing stones, and you will cut off their Asherah. [§]
ki et-mizbechotam titotson ve-et-matzevotam teshaberun ve-et-asherav tikhron
'ki' means 'because', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'mizbechotam' means 'their altars', 'titotson' means 'you will cut down/destroy', 've' means 'and', 'matzevotam' means 'their standing stones', 'teshaberun' means 'you will break', 'asherav' refers to 'their Asherah' (a sacred pole or idol), 'tikhron' means 'you will cut off'.
[EXO.34.14] For you shall not bow down to another God, for Yahveh is a jealous God, his name is a jealous God, He is. [§]
Ki lo tishtachave leEl acher ki Yahveh kanna shemo El kanna hu.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'tishtachave' means 'you will bow down', 'leEl' means 'to God', 'acher' means 'another', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'Yahveh' is the literal transliteration of YHVH, 'kanna' means 'jealous', 'shemo' means 'his name', 'El' means 'God', and 'hu' means 'He is'.
[EXO.34.15] Lest you make a covenant with the inhabitant of the land, and they whored after the Gods, and they sacrificed to the Gods, and he called you, and you ate from his sacrifice. [§]
Pen tikrot berit le-yoshev ha-aretz ve-zanu acharai elohim hem ve-zavchu leelohim hem ve-kara lekha ve-achalta mizivcho.
'Pen' means 'lest', 'tikrot' means 'you make a covenant', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'le-yoshev' means 'with the inhabitant', 'ha-aretz' means 'of the land', 've-zanu' means 'and they whored', 'acharai' means 'after', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'hem' means 'their', 've-zavchu' means 'and they sacrificed', 'leelohim' means 'to the Gods', 've-kara' means 'and he called', 'lekha' means 'you', 've-achalta' means 'and you ate', 'mizivcho' means 'from his sacrifice'.
[EXO.34.16] And you took from his daughters for your sons, and his daughters whored after the Gods, and they whored your sons after the Gods. [§]
ve-lakachta mi-bnotav le-vanekha ve-zanu bnotav acharei elohayhen ve-hiznu et-banekha acharei elohayhen
've' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you took', 'mi' means 'from', 'bnotav' means 'his daughters', 'le-vanekha' means 'for your sons', 've' again means 'and', 'zanu' means 'they prostituted/whored', 'bnotav' again 'his daughters', 'acharei' means 'after', 'elohayhen' means 'their the Gods' (the plural form of God), 've' means 'and', 'hiznu' means 'they prostituted/whored', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'banekha' means 'your sons', 'acharei' means 'after', 'elohayhen' again 'their the Gods'.
[EXO.34.17] The Gods of the banquet you shall not make for yourself. [§]
Elohei masekha lo taaseh-lach.
'Elohei' means 'the Gods of', from Elohim meaning 'the Gods'. 'masekha' means 'the banquet' (literally 'the feast' or 'the set table'). 'lo' means 'not'. 'taaseh' means 'you will make' (second‑person masculine singular future). '-lach' means 'for yourself' (feminine singular dative).
[EXO.34.18] Keep the feast of the unleavened breads; seven days you shall eat unleavened breads that I commanded you for the appointed time of the month of the spring, for in the month of the spring you went out from Egypt. [§]
Et chag ha matzot tishmor shiv'at yamim tochal matzot asher tziviti cha le moed chodesh ha Aviv ki be chodesh ha Aviv yatza ta mi Mitzrayim
"Et" is a direct‑object marker, "chag" means "feast", "ha" is the definite article "the", "matzot" means "unleavened breads", "tishmor" means "you shall keep", "shiv\'at" means "seven", "yamim" means "days", "tochal" means "you shall eat", "asher" means "that/which", "tziviti" means "I commanded", "cha" means "you", "le moed" means "for the appointed time", "chodesh" means "month", "ha Aviv" means "the spring", "ki" means "for/because", "be chodesh" means "in the month", "yatza\'ta" means "you went out", "mi" means "from", "Mitzrayim" means "Egypt".
[EXO.34.19] All the drop of the womb is mine, and you will remember all your livestock, the drop of ox and sheep. [§]
Kol-peter rechem li ve-khol miknekha tizzachar peter shor va-seh.
'Kol' means 'all', 'peter' (from the root p-t-r) means 'drop' or 'small amount', 'rechem' means 'womb' or 'belly', 'li' means 'to me' or 'my', 've' means 'and', 'khol' means 'all', 'miknekha' means 'your livestock' (literally 'your herd'), 'tizzachar' means 'you will remember', 'peter' again means 'drop', 'shor' means 'ox' or 'bull', 'va' means 'and', 'seh' means 'sheep'.
[EXO.34.20] And the pledge of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb; and if you do not redeem it and break it, all the firstborn of your sons you shall redeem, and they shall not see my empty face. [§]
Upetar chamor tifdeh bseh ve'im lo tifdeh va'arapto kol bekhur banecha tifdeh velo-yerau panai reikam.
'Upetar' means 'and the pledge' (or 'the price'), 'chamor' means 'of a donkey', 'tifdeh' means 'you shall redeem', 'bseh' means 'with a lamb', 've'im lo' means 'and if not', the second 'tifdeh' repeats 'you shall redeem', 'va'arapto' means 'and break it', 'kol' means 'all', 'bekhur' means 'firstborn', 'banecha' means 'your sons', the third 'tifdeh' again means 'you shall redeem', 'velo-yerau' means 'and they shall not see', 'panai' means 'my face', 'reikam' means 'empty' or 'void'.
[EXO.34.21] Six days you shall work, and on the seventh day you shall rest, in summer and in winter you shall rest. [§]
Sheshet yamim taavod u'vayom hashvii tishbot becharish u'bakatzir tishbot.
'Sheshet' means 'six', 'yamim' means 'days', 'taavod' means 'you shall work', 'u'vayom' means 'and on the day', 'hashvii' means 'the seventh', 'tishbot' means 'you shall rest', 'becharish' means 'in summer', 'u'bakatzir' means 'and in winter'.
[EXO.34.22] And the Festival of Weeks you shall make for yourself with the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, and the Festival of Ingathering is the season of the year. [§]
vechag shavuot ta'aseh lekha bikkorei ketsir chitim vechag ha'asi tekufat hashana
'vechag' means 'and the festival', 'shavuot' means 'of weeks' (the counting of weeks after the barley offering), 'ta'aseh' means 'you shall make', 'lekha' means 'for yourself', 'bikkorei' means 'with the firstfruits', 'ketsir' means 'of the harvest', 'chitim' means 'wheat', 'vechag' again means 'and the festival', 'ha'asi' means 'the ingathering' (the harvest festival), 'tekufat' means 'time' or 'season', 'hashana' means 'of the year'. The phrase 'the Festival of Weeks' and 'the Festival of Ingathering' are idiomatic names for biblical feasts; they are rendered here literally as the festivals associated with counting weeks and gathering the harvest.
[EXO.34.23] Three times in the year will appear all your remembrance before the Lord Yahveh the Gods of Israel. [§]
Shalosh pe'amim ba-shanah yerah kol-zekhurcha et-p'nei ha-adon Yahveh Elohei Yisrael.
'Shalosh' means 'three', 'pe'amim' means 'times', 'ba-shanah' means 'in the year', 'yerah' means 'will appear', 'kol' means 'all', 'zekhurcha' means 'your remembrance', 'et-p'nei' is the construct 'before the face of', 'ha-adon' means 'the Lord', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' meaning 'the Gods', and 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.34.24] For I will bring nations before you, and I will enlarge your border, and no man will covet your land, because of your possession, to see the face of Yahveh your God three times in a year. [§]
Ki-orish goyim mipanecha vehirchavti et-gevulecha velo-yachmod ish et-artecha ba'alotecha le'raot et-penei Yahveh Eloheicha shalosh pe'amim ba-shanah.
'Ki' means 'for', 'orish' means 'I will bring', 'goyim' means 'nations', 'mipanecha' means 'before you', 'vehirchavti' means 'and I will enlarge', 'et-gevulecha' means 'your border', 'velo-yachmod' means 'and no one will covet', 'ish' means 'man', 'et-artecha' means 'your land', 'ba'alotecha' means 'by your possession/ownership', 'le'raot' means 'to see', 'et-penei' means 'the face of', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of the divine, 'Eloheicha' means 'your God', 'shalosh' means 'three', 'pe'amim' means 'times', 'ba-shanah' means 'in a year'.
[EXO.34.25] Do not slaughter on the leavened the blood of my offering, and do not let the morning offering of the Passover festival remain. [§]
Lo-tishchat al-chametz dam-zivchi ve-lo-yalin la-boker zevach chag ha-pesach.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tishchat' means 'you shall slaughter', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'chametz' means 'leavened (bread)', 'dam' means 'blood', 'zivchi' means 'of my offering', 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yalin' means 'shall remain/left', 'la-boker' means 'for the morning', 'zevach' means 'offering', 'chag' means 'festival', 'ha-pesach' means 'the Passover'.
[EXO.34.26] At the beginning of the firstlings of your land you shall bring the house of Yahveh your God; you shall not cook a kid in its mother's milk. [§]
Reshit bikorei admatekha tavi beit Yahveh Eloheikha lo tvashesh gedi bachaleb immo.
'Reshit' means 'beginning', 'bikorei' means 'of the firstlings', 'admatekha' means 'of your land', 'tavi' means 'you shall bring', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of YHVH, 'Eloheikha' means 'your God', 'lo' means 'not', 'tvashesh' means 'you shall cook/boil', 'gedi' means 'a kid (young goat)', 'bachaleb' means 'in its mother's milk', 'immo' means 'its mother'.
[EXO.34.27] And Yahveh said to Moses, Write for you the words these, for by the words these I have made a covenant with you and with Israel. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Moshe ketav-lecha et-hadvarim haelleh ki al-pi hadvarim haelleh kariti itcha berit ve-et Yisrael.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yahveh' is the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' is the personal name Moses, 'ketav' means 'write', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'haelleh' means 'these', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'al' means 'by', 'pi' means 'the mouth', together 'al-pi' means 'by the words', 'kariti' means 'I have made', 'itcha' means 'with you', 'berit' means 'covenant', 've-et' means 'and with', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[EXO.34.28] And it was there with Yahveh forty days and forty nights; he ate no bread and drank no water; and he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, ten words. [§]
vayehi sham im Yahveh arba'im yom ve'arba'im laila lechem lo akhal umayim lo shatah vayikhtov al-halluot et divrei habrit aseret hadvarim.
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'sham' means 'there', 'im' means 'with', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH, 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'yom' means 'day', 've'arba'im' means 'and forty', 'laila' means 'night', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'lo' means 'not', 'akhal' means 'to eat', 'umayim' means 'and water', 'lo shatah' means 'did not drink', 'vayikhtov' means 'and he wrote', 'al-halluot' means 'on the tablets', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no English equivalent, 'divrei habrit' means 'the words of the covenant', 'aseret' means 'ten', 'hadvarim' means 'the words/things'.
[EXO.34.29] And it happened when Moses went down from Mount Sinai and the two tablets of testimony were in Moses' hand as he came down from the mountain, and Moses did not know that the skin of his face had been radiated when he spoke with him. [§]
vayehi beredet Moshe mehar Sinai ushnei luachot ha'edut be-yad-Moshe beridto min ha-har uMoshe lo-yada ki karan or panav be-dabro ito.
'vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'beredet' means 'when going down', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'mehar' means 'from the mountain', 'Sinai' is the name of the mountain, 'ushnei' means 'and two', 'luachot' means 'tables', 'ha'edut' means 'of testimony', 'be-yad-Moshe' means 'in the hand of Moses', 'beridto' means 'as he descended', 'min ha-har' means 'from the mountain', 'uMoshe' means 'and Moses', 'lo-yada' means 'did not know', 'ki' means 'that', 'karan' means 'was radiated', 'or' means 'skin', 'panav' means 'of his face', 'be-dabro' means 'in his speaking', 'ito' means 'with him'.
[EXO.34.30] Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, and behold his face was radiant, and they were afraid from his approach. [§]
Vayar Aaron vechol b'nei Yisrael et Moses vehineh karan or panav vayiru migeshat elav.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Aaron' is the name Aaron, 'vechol' means 'and all', 'b'nei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Moses' is the name Moses, 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'karan' means 'was radiant' (literally 'shone'), 'or' means 'light', 'panav' means 'his face', 'vayiru' means 'and they were afraid', 'migeshat' means 'from his approach', 'elav' means 'to him'.
[EXO.34.31] And he called to them Moses, and they turned to him Aaron and all the elders of the congregation, and Moses spoke to them. [§]
Vayikra alehem Moshe vayashuvu elav Aharon vechol han'sa'im ba'edah vayedaber Moshe alehem.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayashuvu' means 'and they turned', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'han'sa'im' means 'the elders', 'ba'edah' means 'of the congregation', 'vayedaber' means 'and he spoke', 'alehem' again means 'to them'.
[EXO.34.32] And after that all the children of Israel drew near, and he commanded them all that Yahveh spoke to them on Mount Sinai. [§]
Veacharei ken nigeshu kol-benei Yisrael vayetzavem et kol asher diber Yahveh ito behar Sinai.
'Ve' means 'and', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ken' means 'that', 'nigeshu' means 'they drew near', 'kol' means 'all', 'benei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayetzavem' means 'and he commanded them', 'et' is a particle of the direct object, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ito' means 'to them', 'behar' means 'on the mountain', 'Sinai' is the name of the mountain.
[EXO.34.33] And Moses finished speaking with them and placed a covering over his face. [§]
Vayekhal Moshe midaber itam vayiten al-ponav masve.
'Vayekhal' means 'and he finished', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'midaber' means 'speaking', 'itam' means 'with them', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave or placed', 'al-ponav' means 'upon his face', 'masve' means 'a covering' or 'veil'.
[EXO.34.34] And when Moses came before Yahveh to speak with him, he removed the veil until his going out, and he went out and spoke to the children of Israel what he had commanded. [§]
Uvevo Moshe lifnei YHWH le'daber ito yasir et-hamasve ad-tseito vayatsa ve'diber el-bnei Yisrael et asher yetzuv.
'Uvevo' means 'and when (Moses) came', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'YHWH' is the divine name translated as 'Yahveh', 'le'daber' means 'to speak', 'ito' means 'with him', 'yasir' means 'he removed', 'et-hamasve' means 'the veil', 'ad-tseito' means 'until his going out', 'vayatsa' means 'and he went out', 've'diber' means 'and he spoke', 'el-bnei' means 'to the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'asher' means 'that which', 'yetzuv' means 'he commanded'.
[EXO.34.35] And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, for the skin of Moses' face had become bright; and Moses turned back the veil from his face until he went to speak with him. [§]
Ve-ra'u b'nei Yisrael et-p'nei Moshe ki karan or p'nei Moshe ve-heyshib Moshe et-hamasve al-panav ad-vo ledaber ito.
"Ve" means "and", "ra'u" means "they saw", "b'nei" means "the children of", "Yisrael" means "Israel", "et" is the direct‑object marker, "p'nei" means "face of", "Moshe" means "Moses", "ki" means "because" or "for", "karan" means "became bright/shone", "or" means "skin" or "light", "ve-heyshib" means "and he turned back", "et-hamasve" means "the veil", "al-panav" means "off his face", "ad-vo" means "until he went", "ledaber" means "to speak", "ito" means "with him".
EXO.35
[EXO.35.1] And Moses gathered all the congregation of the children of Israel, and he said to them, "These are the words which Yahveh commanded to be done." [§]
Va-yakhel Moshe et kol-adat Bnei Yisrael, va-yomer aleihem: Eleh hadvarim asher tzivah Yahveh la'asot otam.
"Va-yakhel" means "and he gathered", "Moshe" means "Moses", "et" is a direct object marker, "kol-adat" means "the whole congregation", "Bnei Yisrael" means "the children of Israel", "va-yomer" means "and he said", "aleihem" means "to them", "Eleh" means "these", "hadvarim" means "the words", "asher" means "that/which", "tzivah" means "commanded", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH, "la'asot" means "to do", "otam" means "them".
[EXO.35.2] Six days you shall do work, and on the seventh day shall be for you holy Sabbath, Sabbath of Yahveh; all who do work in it shall die. [§]
sheshet yamim te'aseh melacha u'vayom hashvi'i yihyeh lachem kodesh shabbat shabbaton laYahveh kol-ha'oseh bo melacha yumat.
'sheshet' means 'six', 'yamim' means 'days', 'te'aseh' means 'you shall do', 'melacha' means 'work', 'u'vayom' means 'and on the day', 'hashvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'shabbat' means 'Sabbath', 'shabbaton' means 'Sabbath of', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'oseh' means 'the one who does', 'bo' means 'in it', 'melacha' means 'work', 'yumat' means 'shall die'.
[EXO.35.3] You shall not kindle fire in any of your dwellings on the Sabbath day. [§]
Lo teva'aru esh bechol moshvoteychem beyom haShabbat.
'Lo' means 'not', 'teva'aru' means 'you (plural) kindle', 'esh' means 'fire', 'bechol' means 'in all' or 'in any', 'moshvoteychem' means 'your dwellings', 'beyom' means 'on the day of', 'haShabbat' means 'the Sabbath'.
[EXO.35.4] And Moses said to all the assembly of the children of Israel, "This is the word that Yahveh commanded, to say:". [§]
Vayomer Moshe el kol adat b'nei Yisrael le'emor zeh hadavar asher tzivah Yahveh le'emor.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el' means 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 'adat' means 'assembly', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'zeh' means 'this', 'hadavar' means 'the word', 'asher' means 'that', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'le'emor' means 'to say'.
[EXO.35.5] Take from yourselves an offering to Yahveh; every generous heart shall bring it, the offering of Yahveh, gold and silver and copper. [§]
Kehu meittechem terumah laYahveh kol nediv libo yevieha et terumat Yahveh zahav vakhesef unchoshet.
'Kehu' means 'take', 'meittechem' means 'from you (plural)', 'terumah' means 'offering' or 'tribute', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'kol' means 'every' or 'all', 'nediv' means 'generous' or 'noble', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'yevieha' means 'he will bring it', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'terumat Yahveh' means 'the offering of Yahveh', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'vakhesef' means 'and silver', 'unchoshet' means 'and copper'.
[EXO.35.6] and blue and purple and scarlet and fine linen and goats' hair. [§]
ve-tekhelet ve-argaman ve-tolaat shani ve-shesh ve-izim.
've-tekhelet' means 'and blue', 've-argaman' means 'and purple', 've-tolaat shani' means 'and scarlet', 've-shesh' means 'and fine linen', 've-izim' means 'and goats' hair'.
[EXO.35.7] and skins of wild goats reddened, and skins of snakes, and sticks of scorpions. [§]
ve'orat eilim me'adamim ve'orat tehashim va'atzey sittim.
've'orat' means 'and skins', 'eilim' means 'wild goats', 'me'adamim' means 'reddened', 've'orat' (second occurrence) means 'and skins', 'tehashim' means 'snakes', 'va'atzey' means 'and sticks of', 'sittim' means 'scorpions'.
[EXO.35.8] and oil for the lamp, and the fats for the anointing oil, and for the offering of the fats. [§]
ve-shemen la-maor u-vasamim le-shemen ha-mishchah ve-li-qto'ret ha-samim.
've-shemen' means 'and oil', 'la-maor' means 'for the lamp', 'u-vasamim' means 'and in the fats', 'le-shemen' means 'for oil', 'ha-mishchah' means 'the anointing', 've-li-qto'ret' means 'and for the offering', 'ha-samim' means 'the fats'.
[EXO.35.9] and the stones of shoham and the stones of miluim for the ephod and for the breastplate. [§]
veavnei shoham veavnei miluim laefod velachoshen.
'veavnei' means 'and the stones of', 'shoham' is a proper name or term possibly referring to a specific stone, 'veavnei' again means 'and the stones of', 'miluim' means 'filled' or is another proper name for a type of stone, 'laefod' means 'for the ephod' (the priestly garment), and 'velachoshen' means 'and for the breastplate' (the priestly breastplate).
[EXO.35.10] And all the wise-hearted among you will come and do all that Yahveh commanded. [§]
vechol chakham lev bachem yavo ve'ya'asu et kol asher tzivah Yahveh.
"ve" means "and", "chol" means "all", "chakham" means "wise", "lev" means "heart", "bachem" means "among you", "yavo" means "will come", "ve'" (the second "ve") means "and", "ya'asu" means "they will do", "et" marks the direct object, "kol" means "all", "asher" means "that" or "which", "tzivah" means "commanded", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH.
[EXO.35.11] the tabernacle, its tent, its covering, its frames, its bars, its sockets, its pillars, and its bases. [§]
et ha-mishkan et aholoo ve-et miksehoo et kerrasav ve-et kershav et berichav et amoodav ve-et adnav.
'et' is a Hebrew particle that marks the following word as a direct object and has no English equivalent. 'ha-mishkan' means 'the tabernacle'. 'aholoo' means 'its tent' (ahol = tent, -oo = his/its). 'miksehoo' means 'its covering' (mikseh = covering, -oo = his/its). 'kerrasav' means 'its frames' (kerras = frame, -av = his/its). 'kershav' means 'its bars' (kersh = bar, -av = his/its). 'berichav' means 'its sockets' (berich = socket, -av = his/its). 'amoodav' means 'its pillars' (amud = pillar, -av = his/its). 'adnav' means 'its bases' (adn = base, -av = his/its).
[EXO.35.12] the Ark and its bars, the atonement cover, and the veil of the screen. [§]
et ha'aron ve'et baddav et ha-kapporet ve'et parokhet ha-masach.
'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object and is not rendered in English. 'ha'aron' means 'the Ark'. 'baddav' is the construct form of 'bars' with the suffix '-av' meaning 'its', so it means 'its bars'. 'ha-kapporet' means 'the atonement cover' (the cover of the Ark). 'parokhet' means 'veil' or 'curtain' and 'ha-masach' means 'the screen' (the screen that divided the sanctuary), so 'parokhet ha-masach' means 'the veil of the screen'.
[EXO.35.13] the table and its pieces and all its utensils and the showbread. [§]
et-hashulchan ve-et-baddaiv ve-et-kol-kelav ve-et-lechem-hapanim
'et' is a direct object marker and is not translated; 'hashulchan' means 'the table'; 've-et' means 'and' with the object marker; 'baddaiv' means 'its pieces'; 'kol' means 'all'; 'kelav' means 'its utensils' or 'its vessels'; 'lechem' means 'bread'; 'hapanim' means 'of the face' and in biblical idiom refers to the 'showbread' placed before the presence of God.
[EXO.35.14] And the lampstand of the light, and its vessels, and its lamps, and the oil of the light. [§]
ve'et menorat ha maor ve'et keleiha ve'et neroteiha ve'et shemen ha maor.
"ve'et" means "and the", "menorat" means "lampstand", "ha maor" means "of the light", "keleiha" means "its vessels", "neroteiha" means "its lamps", "shemen" means "oil".
[EXO.35.15] and the altar of the incense, and its fat, and the oil of anointing, and the incense of the spices, and the veil of the entrance to the entrance of the tabernacle. [§]
ve'et mizbach haqetoret ve'et badav ve'et shemen hamishchah ve'et ketoret hasamim ve'et masach hapetach lepetach hamishkan.
've'et' means 'and (the)', 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'haqetoret' means 'the incense', 'badav' means 'its fat', 'shemen' means 'oil', 'hamishchah' means 'of anointing', 'ketoret' means 'incense', 'hasamim' means 'the spices', 'masach' means 'veil', 'hapetach' means 'the entrance', 'lepetach' means 'to the entrance', 'hamishkan' means 'the tabernacle'.
[EXO.35.16] the altar of the burnt offering and the copper basin that was his, its bronze and all its vessels, the bowl and its pitcher. [§]
Et mizbeach haolah ve'et-mikbar hanechoshet asher lo et-badda ve'et kol-kelev et-hakkior ve'et kanna.
'Et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent. 'Mizbeach' means 'altar'. 'Haolah' means 'the burnt offering' (literally 'the offering that goes up'). 'Ve'et' means 'and' (with the object marker). 'Mikbar' means 'basin' or 'large bowl'. 'Hanechoshet' means 'the copper'. 'Asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'Lo' means 'his' or 'belonging to him'. 'Badda' means 'its bronze' (the metal of the basin). 'Kol' means 'all' and 'kelev' means 'its vessels' or 'its utensils'. 'Hakkior' means 'the bowl'. 'Kanna' means 'its pitcher' or 'its jug'.
[EXO.35.17] the stones of the courtyard, its columns and its pillars, and the screen of the courtyard gate. [§]
et kal'ei hachatzer et-amudav ve'et-adaneyha ve'et masakh sha'ar hachatzer.
'et' is the direct object marker, 'kal'ei' means 'stones' (construct form), 'hachatzer' means 'the courtyard', 'et-amudav' means 'its columns' (amud = column, -av = its), 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'et-adaneyha' means 'its pillars' (adan = pillar, -eyha = its), 've'et' is 'and' plus the object marker, 'masakh' means 'screen' or 'curtain', 'sha'ar' means 'gate', and the final 'hachatzer' again means 'the courtyard'.
[EXO.35.18] the courtyards of the tabernacle and the courtyards of the outer courtyard and their measurements. [§]
Et-yitdot ha-mishkan ve-et-yitdot ha-chatser ve-et-meitrehem.
'Et' is a direct‑object marker, not rendered in English. 'Yitdot' is the plural of 'yard' meaning 'courtyards' or 'courts'. 'Ha-mishkan' means 'the tabernacle' (the portable sanctuary). 'Ve-' is the conjunction 'and'. The second 'et' repeats the object marker. The second 'yitdot' again means 'courtyards'. 'Ha-chatser' means 'the outer courtyard' or 'the courtyard'. The third 've-et' likewise means 'and' plus the object marker. 'Meitrehem' comes from the root meaning 'measure' and means 'their measurements' (or 'their dimensions').
[EXO.35.19] The garments of the service for serving in the holy place, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons to serve as priests. [§]
Et bigdei hasharad lesherit bakodesh et bigdei hakodesh leAharon hakohen veet bigdei banav lekahen.
'Et' is the direct object marker and is not rendered in English. 'bigdei' means 'garments of'. 'hasharad' means 'the service'. 'lesherit' means 'to serve'. 'bakodesh' means 'in the holy (place)'. The second 'et' again marks the object. 'bigdei' again 'garments of'. 'hakodesh' means 'the holy'. 'leAharon' means 'to Aaron'. 'hakohen' means 'the priest'. 'veet' means 'and the' (with a conjunction). 'bigdei' again 'garments of'. 'banav' means 'his sons'. 'lekahen' means 'to serve as priests' (literally 'to priest').
[EXO.35.20] And all the assembly of the children of Israel went out before Moses. [§]
Vayetzeu kol adat b'nei Yisrael milifnei Moshe.
'Vayetzeu' means 'and went out', 'kol' means 'all', 'adat' means 'assembly' or 'congregation', 'b'nei' means 'sons of' or 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'milifnei' means 'in front of' or 'before', 'Moshe' means 'Moses'.
[EXO.35.21] And every man whose heart they bore, and all whose spirit was willing, brought the offering of Yahveh for the work of the Tent of Meeting and for all its service and for the holy garments. [§]
Vayavohu kol-ish asher-nesa'o libo vechol asher nad'vah ruho oto heviau et-terumat Yahveh limlechet ohel mo'ed ulekhol avodato ulevigdei hakodesh.
'Vayavohu' means 'and they came', 'kol-ish' means 'every man', 'asher-nesa'o libo' means 'whose heart they bear', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher nad'vah ruho' means 'whose spirit is willing', 'oto' means 'him/it', 'heviau' means 'they brought', 'et-terumat Yahveh' means 'the tribute/offering of Yahveh', 'limlechet' means 'for the service/work', 'ohel mo'ed' means 'the Tent of Meeting', 'ulekhol avodato' means 'and for all its service', 'ulevigdei hakodesh' means 'and for the holy garments'.
[EXO.35.22] And the men came upon the women, all noble-hearted ones brought honey and spice and fragrant thing and kumaz, all golden vessels, and every man who raised a golden offering to Yahveh. [§]
Vayavo ha'anashim al-hanashim kol nediv lev heviu chach vanezsem ve'tabaat ve'kumaz kol-keli zahav ve'kol-ish asher henif tenupat zahav laYahveh.
'Vayavo' means 'and they came', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'al-hanashim' means 'upon the women', 'kol' means 'all', 'nediv' means 'noble' or 'generous', 'lev' means 'heart', 'heviu' means 'they brought', 'chach' means 'honey', 'vanezsem' means 'and spice (fragrance)', 've'tabaat' means 'and (some) fragrant thing', 've'kumaz' means 'and kumaz (a type of spice)', 'kol-keli zahav' means 'all golden vessels', 've'kol-ish' means 'and every man', 'asher' means 'who', 'henif' means 'raised' or 'lifted up', 'tenupat zahav' means 'a golden offering', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God).
[EXO.35.23] And every man who is found with him shall bring purple, scarlet, scarlet wool, fine linen, goats, skins of red wild oxen, and skins of sea shells. [§]
Vechol ish asher nimtza ito techelet veargaman vetolaat shani veshesh veizim veorot elim meadamim veorot tehachim heviau.
'Vechol' means 'and every', 'ish' means 'man', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'nimtza' means 'is found', 'ito' means 'with him', 'techelet' means 'purple', 'veargaman' means 'and scarlet', 'vetolaat shani' means 'and scarlet wool', 'veshesh' means 'and fine linen', 'veizim' means 'and goats', 'veorot elim meadamim' means 'and skins of red wild oxen', 'veorot tehachim' means 'and skins of sea shells', 'heviau' means 'they shall bring'.
[EXO.35.24] All those who bring the silver and bronze offering, bring also the offering of Yahveh, and all that is found with it—sticks of twigs for all the work of the service—bring them. [§]
Kol-merim terumat kesef u-nechoshet heviu et terumat Yahveh v'chol asher nimtza ito atzei shtim le-kol melechet ha-avodah heviu.
'Kol' means 'all', 'merim' means 'those who bring/offer', 'terumat' means 'offering' or 'tribute', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'u-nechoshet' means 'and bronze', 'heviu' means 'they brought', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'terumat Yahveh' means 'offering of Yahveh', 'v'chol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'nimtza' means 'was found', 'ito' means 'with it', 'atzei shtim' means 'sticks of twigs', 'le-kol' means 'for all', 'melechet' means 'work' or 'service', 'ha-avodah' means 'the service', and the final 'heviu' repeats 'they brought'.
[EXO.35.25] And every woman, wisdom of heart, in her hand a measure, and they brought a staff, the purple dye, the crimson dye, the scarlet of the year, and the six. [§]
vechol isha chakmat lev beyadeha tav vayaviu matve et hatekhelet ve et har'gaman et tolaat hashani ve et hashesh.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'isha' means 'woman', 'chakmat' means 'wisdom' (from the root ch-k-m), 'lev' means 'heart', 'beyadeha' means 'in her hand', 'tav' is a measure or a unit, 'vayaviu' means 'and they brought', 'matve' means 'staff' or 'rod', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hatekhelet' means 'the purple' (a dye), 've' means 'and', 'har'gaman' means 'the crimson' (another dye), 'tolaat' means 'the scarlet' (a third dye), 'hashani' means 'the year' or 'annual', 'hashesh' means 'the six' (a quantity). The phrase describes a woman possessing wisdom, holding a measure, and the group bringing various colored dyes and a count of six items.
[EXO.35.26] And all the women who bore (or lifted) the white one with wisdom turn the goats. [§]
vechol hanashim asher nasa livvan otnah bechokhma tavu et ha'ezim.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'hanashim' means 'the women', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'nasa' means 'bore' or 'carried', 'livvan' means 'white' (or can be read as 'heart' in some contexts), 'otnah' means 'her' or 'it', 'bechokhma' means 'with wisdom', 'tavu' is the imperative form of 'to turn' meaning 'turn', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'ezim' means 'the goats'.
[EXO.35.27] And the carriers brought the shoham stones and the filled stones for the ephod and for the breastplate. [§]
ve-han-n'si'em hevi'u et avnei ha-shoham ve-et avnei ha-millu'im la'efod ve-lachosen.
've' means 'and', 'han-n'si'em' means 'the carriers' (those who bear or carry), 'hevi'u' means 'they brought', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'avnei' means 'stones of', 'ha-shoham' refers to a specific precious stone called shoham (often identified as onyx), 've-et' means 'and (object marker)', 'avnei ha-millu'im' means 'the filled stones' (stones that are set or filled), 'la'efod' means 'for the ephod' (the priestly garment), and 've-lachosen' means 'and for the choshen' (the breastplate of judgment).
[EXO.35.28] and the sweet fragrance and the oil for the lamp and for the anointing oil, and for the measured portion of the spices. [§]
ve'et ha-bossem ve'et ha-shamen le-maor uleshemen ha-mishchah ve-liqtoret ha-sammim.
've'et' means 'and', 'ha-bossem' means 'the sweet fragrance', 'ha-shamen' means 'the oil', 'le-maor' means 'for the lamp', 'uleshemen' means 'and for the oil', 'ha-mishchah' means 'the anointing', 've-liqtoret' means 'and for the measured portion', 'ha-sammim' means 'the spices'.
[EXO.35.29] All men and women who offered their hearts are to bring for all the work that Yahveh commanded to be done by the hand of Moses; the children of Israel brought an offering to Yahveh. [§]
Kol‑ish ve‑isha asher nadav libbam otam lehavi lekol‑hamelacha asher tzivah Yahveh la’asot beyad‑Moshe heviu b’nei‑Yisrael nedavah laYahveh.
'Kol' means 'all', 'ish' means 'man', 've‑isha' means 'and woman', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'nadav' means 'offered', 'libbam' means 'their heart', 'otam' means 'them', 'lehavi' means 'to bring', 'lekol‑hamelacha' means 'for all the work', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'la’asot' means 'to do', 'beyad‑Moshe' means 'by the hand of Moses', 'heviu' means 'they brought', 'b’nei‑Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'nedavah' means 'an offering', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh'.
[EXO.35.30] And Moses said to the children of Israel, Behold, Yahveh called in name Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur of the tribe of Judah. [§]
Vayomer Moshe el-bnei Yisrael, Reu kara Yahveh beshem Bezalel ben Uri ben Hur le-matteh Yehudah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el-bnei' means 'to the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'Reu' means 'see' or 'behold', 'kara' means 'called' or 'summoned', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'beshem' means 'in the name of', 'Bezalel' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Uri' is a proper name, 'ben' again means 'son of', 'Hur' is a proper name, 'le-matteh' means 'of the tribe of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah'.
[EXO.35.31] And he filled him with the Spirit of the Gods, with wisdom, with understanding, with knowledge, and with every work. [§]
Vayemale oto ruach Elohim bechokmah bitvunah uvedaat uvechol melachah.
'Vayemale' means 'and (He) filled', 'oto' means 'him', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'bechokmah' means 'with wisdom', 'bitvunah' means 'with understanding', 'uvedaat' means 'and with knowledge', 'uvechol melachah' means 'and with every work'.
[EXO.35.32] And to consider plans to make in gold and in silver and in copper. [§]
ve-lachshov machshavot la'asot ba-zahav uva-kesef uva-nehsheset.
've' means 'and', 'lachshov' means 'to think' or 'to consider', 'machshavot' means 'plans' or 'thoughts', 'la'asot' means 'to make' or 'to do', 'ba-zahav' means 'in gold', 'uva-kesef' means 'and in silver', 'uva-nehsheset' means 'and in copper'.
[EXO.35.33] And in the silence of stone for filling, and in the silence of wood for making, in every work of thought. [§]
uvachroset even lemalat uvachroset etz laasot becholmelechet machashavet.
'uvachroset' means 'and in the silence', 'even' means 'stone', 'lemalat' means 'to fill', 'uvachroset' (second occurrence) means 'and in the silence', 'etz' means 'wood' or 'tree', 'laasot' means 'to make' or 'to do', 'becholmelechet' means 'in every work' (literally 'in all work'), 'machashavet' means 'of thought' or 'thoughtful'.
[EXO.35.34] And to Horoth he gave in his heart, and Aholiab son of Ahisamach of the tribe of Dan. [§]
u-lehorot natan be-libbo hu ve-aho liab ben achisamach le-matte dan.
'u-lehorot' means 'and to Horoth', 'natan' means 'gave', 'be-libbo' means 'in his heart', 'hu' means 'he', 've-aho liab' means 'and Aholiab', 'ben achisamach' means 'son of Ahisamach', 'le-matte' means 'to the tribe/clan', 'dan' means 'Dan'.
[EXO.35.35] Fill them with the wisdom of heart to do all work of the craftsman, the calculator, and the engraver in bronze and in purple, in the shade of the year and in iron and in clay, maker of all work and calculator of thoughts. [§]
mille otam chochmat-lev la'asot kol-melechet charash vechosev verokem batchelet u'argaman betola'at hashani uvashesh ve'oreg osei kol-melacha vechoshvei machashavot.
'mille' means 'fill', 'otam' means 'them', 'chochmat-lev' means 'wisdom of heart', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'kol-melechet' means 'all work', 'charash' means 'craftsman', 'vechosev' means 'and calculator', 'verokem' means 'and engraver', 'batchelet' means 'in bronze', 'u'argaman' means 'and in purple', 'betola'at' means 'in the shade', 'hashani' means 'of the year', 'uvashesh' means 'and in iron', 've'oreg' means 'and in clay', 'osei' means 'maker', 'kol-melacha' means 'of all work', 'vechoshvei' means 'and calculators of', 'machashavot' means 'thoughts'.
EXO.36
[EXO.36.1] And he appointed Tzalel and Aholiab and all a man of wise heart, whom Yahveh gave wisdom and understanding in them, to know how to do all the work of the holy service for everything Yahveh commanded. [§]
ve'asa bTzalel veAholiav vekol ish chacham-lev asher natan Yahveh chokhmah utevunah bahemmah ladaat laasot et kol melechet avodat hakodesh lekhol asher tzivah Yahveh.
've'asa' means 'and he made/appointed', 'bTzalel' means 'in Tzalel', 'veAholiav' means 'and Aholiab', 'vekol' means 'and all', 'ish' means 'man', 'chacham-lev' means 'wise heart', 'asher' means 'who', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'chokhmah' means 'wisdom', 'utevunah' means 'and understanding', 'bahemmah' means 'in them', 'ladaat' means 'to know', 'laasot' means 'to do', 'et kol' means 'all', 'melechet' means 'work', 'avodat' means 'service', 'hakodesh' means 'the holy', 'lekhol' means 'for all', 'asher' means 'that', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' again is the name of God.
[EXO.36.2] And Moses called Betsalel and Aholiab and all wise‑hearted men whom Yahveh gave wisdom in their hearts, all that their hearts bore, to bring near the work to do it. [§]
Va-yikra Moshe el-Betsalel ve-el-Aholiab ve-al kol ish chacham-lev asher natan Yahveh chokhmah belevav kol asher nesa'o libo lekarbah el-hamlaacha la'asot otah.
'Va-yikra' means 'and called', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'el-Betsalel' means 'to Betsalel', 've-el-Aholiab' means 'and to Aholiab', 've-al kol' means 'and to all', 'ish chacham-lev' means 'man wise‑hearted', 'asher' means 'who', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'chokhmah' means 'wisdom', 'belevav' means 'in his heart', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that', 'nesa'o' means 'he bore', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'lekarbah' means 'to bring near', 'el-hamlaacha' means 'to the work', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'otah' means 'it'.
[EXO.36.3] And they took before Moses all the offering which the children of Israel had brought for the work of the service of the holy, to do it, and they also brought to him an additional donation in the morning, in the morning. [§]
Vayikchu milifnei Moshe et kol-hat'rumah asher heviyu b'nei Yisrael limlechet avodat haqodesh la'asot ota vehem heviyu elav od nedavah ba'boker ba'boker.
'Vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'milifnei' means 'from before', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha' is the article 'the', 't'rumah' means 'offering', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'heviyu' means 'they brought', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'limlechet' means 'for the work of', 'avodat' means 'service of', 'haqodesh' means 'the holy', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'ota' means 'it', 'vehem' means 'and they', 'elav' means 'to him', 'od' means 'still/further', 'nedavah' means 'donation/gift', 'ba'boker' means 'in the morning', repeated for emphasis.
[EXO.36.4] All the wise men who performed all the work of the holy place came, each according to his own work that they performed. [§]
Vayyavohu kol-hachakhamim ha'osim et kol-melechet hakodesh ish-ish mimelachto asher hemma osim.
'Vayyavohu' means 'and they came', 'kol' means 'all', 'hachakhamim' means 'the wise men', 'ha'osim' means 'the ones who do', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'kol' means 'all', 'melechet' means 'work', 'hakodesh' means 'the holy', 'ish-ish' means 'person by person' or 'each', 'mimelachto' means 'from his work', 'asher' means 'that', 'hemma' means 'they', 'osim' means 'do' or 'perform'.
[EXO.36.5] And they said to Moses, 'The people are increasing, and we bring the measure of the work for the labor which Yahveh commanded to be done.' [§]
Vayomru el-Moshe le'mor marbim ha am le'havi midei ha-avodah la'melacha asher tzivah Yahveh la'asot ota.
'Vayomru' means 'they said', 'el-Moshe' means 'to Moses', 'le\'mor' means 'to say', 'marbim' means 'are increasing', 'ha am' means 'the people', 'le\'havi' means 'we bring', 'midei' means 'the measure/portion', 'ha-avodah' means 'of the work', 'la\'melacha' means 'for the labor', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'la\'asot' means 'to do', 'ota' means 'it'.
[EXO.36.6] Moses gave a command and a voice was sent through the camp, saying, 'Man and woman shall not do any more work for the dedication of the holy,' and the people were filled from the bringing. [§]
Vayetzav Moshe vayaa'vi'ru kol bamachaneh lemor ish veisha al-ya'asu od melacha litrumat hakodesh vayikkale haam mehabiy.
'Vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'vayaa'vi'ru' means 'and they passed/ sent', 'kol' means 'a voice', 'bamachaneh' means 'in the camp', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'ish' means 'man', 'veisha' means 'and woman', 'al-ya'asu' means 'shall not do', 'od' means 'any more', 'melacha' means 'work', 'litrumat' means 'for the dedication', 'hakodesh' means 'the holy', 'vayikkale' means 'and it was filled', 'haam' means 'the people', 'mehabiy' means 'from the bringing'.
[EXO.36.7] And the work was always for all the work to do it and (it) remained. [§]
veha-melacha hayta dayam lechol ha-melacha la'asot ota ve-hoter.
'veha-melacha' means 'and the work', 'hayta' means 'was', 'dayam' means 'continually' or 'always', 'lechol' means 'for all', 'ha-melacha' again means 'the work', 'la'asot' means 'to do' or 'to perform', 'ota' means 'it' (object pronoun), 've-hoter' means 'and (it) remained' or 'and (it) stayed'.
[EXO.36.8] And they made, all the wise‑hearted among the workers of the work, for the dwelling ten curtains, six woven, and blue, and purple, and scarlet yarn, cherubs, the work of a planner, they made them. [§]
vayaasu kol-chakam-lev beosei ha-melacha et-ha-mishkan eser yeriot shesh mashzar utekhelet v'argaman v'tolaat shani keruvim maaseh chosev asah otam.
'vayaasu' means 'and they made', 'kol-chakam-lev' means 'all wise-hearted', 'beosei' means 'among the doers', 'ha-melacha' means 'the work', 'et-ha-mishkan' means 'the dwelling', 'eser' means 'ten', 'yeriot' means 'curtains', 'shesh' means 'six', 'mashzar' means 'woven', 'utekhelet' means 'and blue', 'v'argaman' means 'and purple', 'v'tolaat' means 'and scarlet', 'shani' means 'yarn', 'keruvim' means 'cherubs', 'maaseh' means 'the work', 'chosev' means 'of a planner', 'asah' means 'made', 'otam' means 'them'.
[EXO.36.9] The length of the one side of the inner court is twenty‑eight cubits, and the width is four cubits; the inner court is one cubit thick for all the sides. [§]
Orekh ha-yeria'ah ha-achat shmoneh ve'esrim ba'ammah ve'rokhav arba' ba'ammah ha-yeria'ah ha'echat mida achat lekol-hayeri'ot.
'Orekh' means 'length', 'ha-yeria'ah' means 'the inner court', 'ha-achat' means 'the one (side)', 'shmoneh ve'esrim' means 'twenty‑eight', 'ba'ammah' means 'cubits', 've'rokhav' means 'and width', 'arba'' means 'four', 'ha-yeria'ah ha'echat' repeats 'the inner court (the) one', 'mida achat' means 'one cubit thick', 'lekol-hayeri'ot' means 'for all the sides'.
[EXO.36.10] And he joined together five loins, one to another, and five loins he joined one to another. [§]
Vayichaber et-chamesh hayeriot achat el-echad vechamesh yeriot chibar achat el-echad.
'Vayichaber' means 'and he joined together', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'chamesh' means 'five', 'hayeriot' means 'the loins' (or 'the membranes'), 'achat' means 'one', 'el' means 'to' or 'against', 'echad' means 'another' or 'another one', 'vechamesh' means 'and five', 'yeriot' is another form of 'loins', 'chibar' again means 'joined', repeating the phrase for emphasis.
[EXO.36.11] And he made colored cords of blue dye on the edge of the first curtain, from the end in the chamber; thus he made on the edge of the curtain the upper one in the second chamber. [§]
Vayyaas lulot tekhelet al sefath hayri'ah ha'echat mikatzah bamachberet ken asah bisefath hayri'ah hakitzonah bamachberet hashniyot.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'lulot' means 'colored cords', 'tekhelet' means 'blue dye', 'al' means 'on', 'sefath' means 'edge' or 'border', 'hayri'ah' means 'the covering' or 'curtain', 'ha'echat' means 'the first', 'mikatzah' means 'from the end', 'bamachberet' means 'in the chamber', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'asah' means 'he made', 'bisefath' means 'on the edge of', 'hakitzonah' means 'the upper' or 'the uppermost', 'hashniyot' means 'the second'.
[EXO.36.12] Fifty loops he made in the first sheet, and fifty loops he made at the edge of the sheet that is in the second notebook; the loops are placed one to another. [§]
Chamishim lulot asa bayriah haechat vChamishim lulot asa biqtze hayriah asher baMachberet hashenit makbilot halulot achat el echat.
'Chamishim' means 'fifty', 'lulot' means 'loops', 'asa' means 'he made', 'bayriah' means 'in the sheet', 'haechat' means 'the first', 'vChamishim' means 'and fifty', 'biqtze' means 'at the edge', 'hayriah' means 'of the sheet', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'baMachberet' means 'in the notebook', 'hashenit' means 'the second', 'makbilot' means 'place/arrange', 'halulot' means 'the loops', 'achat' means 'one', 'el' means 'to/toward', 'echat' means 'another'.
[EXO.36.13] And he made fifty golden censers, and he joined the yeriot one to another in the censers, and the dwelling was one. [§]
Vayaa'as chamishiim karsei zahav vaychabber et-hayeriot achat el-achat bakrasim vayhi ham-mishkan echad.
'Vayaa'as' means 'and he made', 'chamishiim' means 'fifty', 'karsei' means 'censers', 'zahav' means 'golden', 'vaychabber' means 'and he joined', 'et-hayeriot' means 'the yeriot' (literally the word for 'impurities' or 'filth', here taken as a literal term), 'achat' means 'one', 'el-achat' means 'to another', 'bakrasim' means 'in the censers', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'ham-mishkan' means 'the dwelling', 'echad' means 'one'.
[EXO.36.14] And he made goat‑hair curtains for the tent, over the tabernacle; he made twelve curtains for them. [§]
Vayyaas yeriot izzim le'ohel al hamishkan ashtei esreh yeriot asah otam.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'yeriot' means 'curtains', 'izzim' means 'goat (hair) ', 'le'ohel' means 'for the tent', 'al' means 'over', 'hamishkan' means 'the dwelling place (the tabernacle)', 'ashtei' means 'twelve', 'esreh' means 'ten', together 'ashtei esreh' means 'twelve', the second 'yeriot' repeats 'curtains', 'asah' means 'he made', 'otam' means 'them'.
[EXO.36.15] The length of the one curtain was thirty cubits, and its width four cubits; one measure for making sixteen curtains. [§]
Orekh ha-yeri'ah ha-ahat shloshim ba'amah ve'arba amot rokhav ha-yeri'ah ha-echat mida ahat le'ashti esreh yeri'ot.
'Orekh' means 'length', 'ha-yeri'ah' means 'the curtain', 'ha-ahat' means 'the one', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'ba'amah' means 'cubits', 've'arba' means 'and four', 'amot' means 'cubits', 'rokhav' means 'width', 'mida' means 'measure', 'ahat' means 'one', 'le'ashti' means 'for making', 'esreh' means 'sixteen', 'yeri'ot' means 'curtains'.
[EXO.36.16] And he gathered the five curtains one by one, and the six curtains one by one. [§]
vaychaber et chamesh hayeriot levad ve et shesh hayeriot levad.
'vaychaber' means 'and he gathered', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'chamesh' means 'five', 'hayeriot' means 'the curtains', 'levad' means 'alone' or 'one by one', 've' means 'and', 'shesh' means 'six'.
[EXO.36.17] And he made fifty plates on the edge of the thin veil in the inner chamber, and fifty plates he made on the edge of the thick veil, the second. [§]
Vayya'as lulot chamishim al sefat hayriah hakitzonah ba machaberet vachamishim lulot asah al sefat hayriah hachovret hashneit.
'Vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'lulot' means 'plates' or 'discs', 'chamishim' means 'fifty', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'sefat' means 'edge' or 'lip', 'hayriah' means 'the membrane' or 'the veil', 'hakitzonah' means 'the thin', 'ba' means 'in the', 'machaberet' means 'inner chamber' or 'inner sanctuary', 'vachamishim' means 'and fifty', 'asah' means 'he made', 'hachovret' means 'the thick', 'hashneit' means 'the second'.
[EXO.36.18] And he made fifty bronze clasps to join the tent together as one. [§]
Vayahas karsei nechoshet chamishim lechaber et haohel liheyot ekhad.
'Vayahas' means 'and he made', 'karsei' means 'clasps', 'nechoshet' means 'of bronze', 'chamishim' means 'fifty', 'lechaber' means 'to join', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'haohel' means 'the tent', 'liheyot' means 'to be', 'ekhad' means 'one'.
[EXO.36.19] He made a covering for the tent of red goat skins and a covering of sea‑creature skins above. [§]
Vayyas mikseh la-ohel orot elim me'adamim u-mikseh orot techashim milma'la.
'Vayyas' means 'and he made', 'mikseh' means 'a covering', 'la-ohel' means 'for the tent', 'orot' means 'skins', 'elim' means 'young goats', 'me'adamim' means 'red', 'u-mikseh' means 'and a covering', 'orot' again means 'skins', 'techashim' means 'sea creatures' (or 'sea animals'), 'milma'la' means 'above' or 'overhead'.
[EXO.36.20] And he made the frames for the sanctuary, standing timbers of acacia. [§]
Vayyaas et ha'krashim lamishkan atzei shitim omdim.
"Vayyaas" means "and he made", "et" is the direct object marker (often left untranslated), "ha'krashim" means "the frames", "lamishkan" means "for the sanctuary" or "for the tabernacle", "atzei" means "timbers of", "shitim" means "acacia (wood)", "omdim" means "standing".
[EXO.36.21] Ten cubits the length of the measure and a cubit and half a cubit the width of the measure the one. [§]
Eser amot orekh haqaresh ve'ammah vachtzi ha'ammah rohab haqaresh ha'echad.
'Eser' means 'ten', 'amot' means 'cubits' (a cubit is a unit of length), 'orekh' means 'length', 'haqaresh' means 'the measure' (referring to the object being measured), 've'ammah' means 'and a cubit', 'vachtzi' means 'and half', 'ha'ammah' means 'the cubit', 'rohab' means 'width', the second 'haqaresh' repeats 'the measure', and 'ha'echad' means 'the one' (identifying this as a single measurement).
[EXO.36.22] Two hands for the keresh, one joined to the other; thus he made all the keresh of the sanctuary. [§]
shtei yadot la keresh haechad meshullavot achat el echat ken asa lekol karshei hamishkan.
'shtei' means 'two', 'yadot' means 'hands', 'la' means 'for the', 'keresh' is a specific tabernacle component often rendered as 'keresh', 'haechad' means 'the one', 'meshullavot' means 'joined', 'achat' means 'one' (feminine), 'el echat' means 'to one', 'ken' means 'thus', 'asa' means 'he did/made', 'lekol' means 'to all', 'karshei' means 'kereshes' (plural construct form), 'hamishkan' means 'the sanctuary'.
[EXO.36.23] And he made the courtyards for the tabernacle, twenty courtyards on the south side toward the east. [§]
vayaas et-hakrashim lamishkan esrim khrashim lifat negav teiman.
'vayaas' means 'and he made', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hakrashim' means 'the courtyards', 'lamishkan' means 'for the tabernacle', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'khrashim' means 'courtyards', 'lifat' means 'to the eastward side of', 'negav' means 'south', 'teiman' means 'east'.
[EXO.36.24] And forty silver rods he made beneath twenty the hooks, two pillars beneath the first hook for his two hands, and two pillars beneath the first hook for his two hands. [§]
ve'arba'im adnei-kesef asah tachat esrim haqerashim shnei adanim tachat-haqeresh ha'echad lishtay yodav u'shnei adanim tachat-haqeresh ha'echad lishtay yodav.
've'arba'im' means 'and forty', 'adnei-kesef' means 'silver rods' (adnei = rods, kesef = silver), 'asah' means 'made', 'tachat' means 'under' or 'beneath', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'haqerashim' means 'the hooks' (qeresh = hook), 'shnei adanim' means 'two pillars' (shnei = two, adanim = pillars), 'tachat-haqeresh ha'echad' means 'under the first hook' (ha'echad = the one), 'lishtay yodav' means 'for his two hands' (yodav = his hand, plural), and the phrase repeats for emphasis.
[EXO.36.25] And to the side of the second tabernacle toward the north he made twenty planks. [§]
ul'tzeila hamishkan hasheni li-pat tzafon asah esrim kerashim.
'ul'tzeila' means 'and to the side', 'hamishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'hasheni' means 'the second', 'li-pat' means 'toward', 'tzafon' means 'the north', 'asah' means 'made', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'kerashim' means 'planks' or 'boards'.
[EXO.36.26] And forty of their ladles of silver, two ladles under the one crown, and two ladles under the one crown. [§]
ve'arba'im adneihem kasef shnei adanim tachat haqeres ha'echad ushnei adanim tachat haqeres ha'echad.
've'arba'im' means 'and forty', 'adneihem' means 'their ladles', 'kasef' means 'silver', 'shnei' means 'two', 'adanim' means 'ladles', 'tachat' means 'under', 'haqeres' means 'the crown', 'ha'echad' means 'the one', 'ushnei' means 'and two'.
[EXO.36.27] And for the arches of the tabernacle on the south side he made six cherubs. [§]
U le yarkhtei ha mishkan yamah asah shisha kerashim.
'U' means 'and', 'le' is a preposition 'for/to', 'yarkhtei' means 'arches' (plural construct form), 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'mishkan' means 'tabernacle' (dwelling place of God), 'yamah' means 'south' (direction), 'asah' means 'made' or 'he made', 'shisha' means 'six', and 'kerashim' means 'cherubs' (angelic beings).
[EXO.36.28] And two holes he made for the openings of the tabernacle in the two shoulders. [§]
u-shnei kerashim asah limkutzot ha-mishkan ba-yarkhataiym.
'u-shnei' means 'and two', 'kerashim' means 'holes' or 'drilled openings', 'asah' means 'made', 'limkutzot' means 'for the openings' or 'to the perforations', 'ha-mishkan' means 'the tabernacle' (the dwelling place of God), 'ba-yarkhataiym' means 'in the two shoulders' (a dual form referring to a pair of supporting pieces).
[EXO.36.29] And they shall be the same from the group, and together they shall be perfect to its head, to the one tablet; thus he made for their two, for the two cuttings. [§]
vehayu toamim millematta veyachda yihyu tamim el-rosho el-hattabbat haechat ken asah lishnehem lishnei hamiktzoot.
'vehayu' means 'and they shall be', 'toamim' means 'the same', 'millematta' means 'from the group', 'veyachda' means 'together', 'yihyu' means 'they shall be', 'tamim' means 'perfect', 'el-rosho' means 'to its head', 'el-hattabbat' means 'to the tablet', 'haechat' means 'the one', 'ken' means 'thus', 'asah' means 'he made', 'lishnehem' means 'for their two', 'lishnei' means 'for the two', 'hamiktzoot' means 'the cuttings'.
[EXO.36.30] And there shall be eight kerashim and their crowns of silver, six, ten crowns, two crowns, two crowns under the one keresh. [§]
vehayu shemona kerashim veadnehem kesef shisha asar adanim shnei adanim shnei adanim tachat hakereš haechad.
'vehayu' means 'and there shall be', 'shemona' means 'eight', 'kerashim' means 'kerashim' (a specific type of vessel), 'veadnehem' means 'and their crowns', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'shisha' means 'six', 'asar' means 'ten', 'adanim' means 'crowns', 'shnei' means 'two', 'tachat' means 'under', 'hakereš' means 'the keresh', 'haechad' means 'the one'.
[EXO.36.31] And he made five openings of acacia wood for the girdles of the covering of the tabernacle, the one. [§]
Vayyas be'rihei atzei shittim chamisha lekar'shei tzela ha-mishkan ha'echat.
'Vayyas' means 'and he made', 'be'rihei' means 'for the openings', 'atzei' means 'of the wood', 'shittim' refers to 'acacia (wood)', 'chamisha' means 'five', 'lekar'shei' means 'for the girdles/straps', 'tzela' means 'covering' or 'skin', 'ha-mishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'ha'echat' means 'the one' or 'the first'. The phrase is a literal rendering of the Hebrew words in order.
[EXO.36.32] And five of its bricks for the side recesses of the second sanctuary, and five of its bricks for the sanctuary recesses for the two southern arches. [§]
va-chamisha bericham lekarshei tze-la hamishkan hashnit va-chamisha bericham lekarshei hamishkan layarkatayim yamah.
'va-chamisha' means 'and five', 'bericham' means 'of its bricks', 'lekarshei' means 'for the recesses of', 'tze-la' means 'side', 'hamishkan' means 'the sanctuary' or 'the tabernacle', 'hashnit' means 'the second', the second occurrence of 'va-chamisha bericham lekarshei hamishkan' repeats the same phrase, 'layarkatayim' means 'for the two arches', and 'yamah' means 'south' (indicating the southern side).
[EXO.36.33] And he made the inner opening to flee within the pits from one side to the other. [§]
vayyaas et habri'ach hatichon livroach betoch hakrashim min hakatse el hakatse.
'vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'et' is the direct object marker often rendered as 'the', 'habri'ach' means 'the opening' or 'the hole', 'hatichon' means 'the inner' or 'the interior', 'livroach' means 'to flee' or 'for escaping', 'betoch' means 'within' or 'in the middle of', 'hakarashim' means 'the pits' or 'the hollow places', 'min' means 'from', 'hakatse' means 'the side' or 'the edge', 'el' means 'to', and the final 'hakatse' repeats 'the side' or 'the edge'.
[EXO.36.34] And he overlaid the cherubim with gold, and made their plates of gold, houses for the sockets, and he plated the sockets with gold. [§]
Ve'et hak'rasim tzippa zahav ve'et tav'otam asah zahav batim lab'richim vayetzaf et hab'richim zahav.
'Ve'et' means 'and the', 'hak'rasim' means 'cherubim', 'tzippa' means 'overlaid' or 'covered', 'zahav' means 'gold', 've'et' again means 'and the', 'tav'otam' means 'their plates', 'asah' means 'made', 'batim' means 'houses', 'lab'richim' means 'for the sockets', 'vayetzaf' means 'and he plated', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'hab'richim' means 'the sockets', and the repeated 'zahav' again means 'gold'.
[EXO.36.35] And he made the veil of blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen; the work of a skilled craftsman, he made it like cherubim. [§]
Vayyaas et-haparakhet tekhelet ve'argaman ve'tola'at shani ve'shesh mashzar ma'aseh choshev asah otah keruvim.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haparakhet' means 'the veil' or 'the curtain', 'tekhelet' means 'blue (color)', 've'argaman' means 'and purple', 've'tola'at shani' means 'and scarlet', 've'shesh mashzar' means 'and fine twined linen', 'ma'aseh' means 'the work of', 'choshev' means 'a planner or skilled craftsman', 'asah' means 'made', 'otah' means 'it', 'keruvim' means 'cherubim' (plural heavenly beings).
[EXO.36.36] And he made for it four pillars of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold, and their tops with gold, and he cast for them four silver bases. [§]
vayaas lah arbaah amudei shittim vayetzapem zahav vaveihem zahav vayitzok lahem arbaah adnei kesef.
'vayaas' means 'and he made', 'lah' means 'for it', 'arbaah' means 'four', 'amudei' means 'pillars', 'shittim' means 'of shittim wood', 'vayetzapem' means 'and he overlaid them', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'vaveihem' means 'and their tops', 'vayitzok' means 'and he cast', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'adnei' means 'bases', 'kesef' means 'silver'.
[EXO.36.37] And he made a screen for the entrance of the tent of blue, purple, scarlet, and fine linen, and six woven strands, a work of a weaver. [§]
Vayyaas masach lepetach ha-ohel tekhelet veargaman vetoelaat shani veshesh mashzar maaseh rokem.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'masach' means 'screen' or 'curtain', 'lepetach' means 'for the entrance', 'ha-ohel' means 'the tent', 'tekhelet' means 'blue', 'veargaman' means 'and purple', 'vetoelaat' means 'and scarlet', 'shani' means 'fine linen', 'veshesh' means 'and six', 'mashzar' means 'woven', 'maaseh' means 'work', 'rokem' means 'of a weaver'.
[EXO.36.38] And its pillars five, and its ... and the crown of their heads and their ornaments gold, and their bases five bronze. [§]
ve-et ammudav chamisha ve-et vaveihem ve-tzifah rasheihem va-hashukehem zahav ve-adnehem chamisha nechoset.
've-et' means 'and', 'ammudav' means 'its pillars', 'chamisha' means 'five', 've-et' means 'and', 'vaveihem' means 'its ...', 've-tzifah' means 'and the tassel/crown', 'rasheihem' means 'their heads', 'va-hashukehem' means 'and their ornaments', 'zahav' means 'gold', 've-adnehem' means 'and their bases', 'chamisha' means 'five', 'nechoset' means 'bronze'.
EXO.37
[EXO.37.1] And he made, by Tzalel, the ark of acacia wood, two cubits and a half its length, and a cubit and a half its width, and a cubit and a half its height. [§]
Vayyāʿas be‑Tzalel et ha‑aron etz shitim amatāyim vaha‑chi ṣiʿārǝkhô ve‑amma vaha‑chi ṣiʿā rakhbô ve‑amma vaha‑chi ṣiʿā komātô.
'Vayyāʿas' means 'and he made'; 'be‑Tzalel' means 'by Tzalel' (the craftsman); 'et' is the accusative marker with no English equivalent; 'ha‑aron' means 'the ark'; 'etz' means 'wood'; 'shitim' means 'of shittim', i.e., acacia wood; 'amatāyim' means 'two cubits'; 'vaha‑chi ṣiʿ' means 'and a half'; 'ârhô' means 'its length'; 've‑amma' means 'and a cubit'; 'vaha‑chi ṣiʿ rakhbô' means 'and a half its width'; 've‑amma vaha‑chi ṣiʿ komātô' means 'and a cubit and a half its height'.
[EXO.37.2] And he covered it with pure gold from inside and outside, and he made for it a golden crown all around. [§]
Vayetzapehu zahav tahor mi-bayit u-mi-chutz vayya'as lo zer zahav saviv.
'Vayetzapehu' means 'and he covered it', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'mi-bayit' means 'from inside', 'u-mi-chutz' means 'and from outside', 'vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'lo' means 'for it', 'zer' means 'a crown' or 'border', 'zahav' again means 'gold', 'saviv' means 'all around'.
[EXO.37.3] He cast for it four golden rings on its four corners, and two rings on one side of it, and two rings on the other side. [§]
Vayitzok lo arba tavot zahav al arba pa'amotav u'shtei tavot al-tsal'eo ha'echat u'shtei tavot al-tsal'eo ha-shenit.
'Vayitzok' means 'and he cast', 'lo' means 'for it', 'arba' means 'four', 'tavot' means 'rings', 'zahav' means 'golden', 'al' means 'on', 'pa'amotav' means 'its corners', 'u'shtei' means 'and two', 'al-tsal'eo' means 'on its side/shoulder', 'ha'echat' means 'the one', 'ha-shenit' means 'the other'.
[EXO.37.4] And he made the pieces of acacia wood, and he overlaid them with gold. [§]
Vayyaas badei a'tzei shittim vayetzaf otam zahav.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'badei' is a construct form meaning 'the ... of' (here understood as 'the pieces' or 'the members'), 'a'tzei' means 'of the trees', 'shittim' refers to the acacia tree, 'vayetzaf' means 'and he overlaid', 'otam' means 'them', 'zahav' means 'gold'.
[EXO.37.5] And he brought the incense in the baskets upon the poles of the ark to carry the ark. [§]
Vayave et-habaddim ba-taba'ot al tzalo'ot ha-aron laset et-ha-aron.
'Vayave' means 'and he brought', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'habaddim' means 'the incense', 'ba' means 'in', 'taba'ot' means 'the baskets', 'al' means 'upon', 'tzalo'ot' means 'the poles', 'ha-aron' means 'the ark', 'laset' means 'to carry', and the final 'et ha-aron' repeats the object 'the ark'.
[EXO.37.6] and he made a pure gold covering, two cubits and a half in length, and a cubit and a half in breadth. [§]
vaya'as kaporet zahav tahor amatayim vahetzi arkah vama vahetzi rachbah.
'vaya'as' means 'and he made', 'kaporet' means 'covering' or 'lid', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'amatayim' means 'two cubits', 'vahetzi' means 'and a half', 'arkah' means 'its length', 'vama' means 'and a cubit', 'rachbah' means 'its breadth'.
[EXO.37.7] And he made two golden cherubim, a casting; he made them from the two ends of the mercy seat. [§]
Vayyaas shnei keruvim zahav miksha asah otam mishnei ketzot ha kapporet.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'shnei' means 'two', 'keruvim' means 'cherubim', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'miksha' means 'a casting' or 'molten work', 'asah' means 'he made', 'otam' means 'them', 'mishnei' means 'from the two', 'ketzot' means 'ends', 'ha kapporet' means 'the mercy seat' (also called the atonement cover).
[EXO.37.8] One cherub from the end of this, and one cherub from the end of this, from the covering he made the cherubim from its two ends. [§]
Keruv echad mikatzah mizeh, ukeruv echad mikatzah mizeh, min hakapporet asah et hakeruvim mishnei ketzvotav.
'Keruv' means 'cherub', 'echad' means 'one', 'mikatzah' means 'from the end' (literally 'from a corner'), 'mizeh' means 'of this', 'u' is the conjunction 'and', 'min' means 'from', 'hakapporet' means 'the covering', 'asah' means 'made', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hakeruvim' means 'the cherubim', 'mishnei' means 'from two', 'ketzvotav' means 'its ends'.
[EXO.37.9] And there were the cherubim, spreaders of wings upward, soaring on their wings upon the mercy seat, and their faces each to his brother toward the mercy seat; the faces of the cherubim were. [§]
Vayihyu hak'ruvim por'shei kenafayim lema'ah sochkim bechan'fehem al-hakaporet u'peneshem ish el-achiv el-hakaporet hayu p'nei hak'ruvim.
'Vayihyu' means 'and there were', 'hak'ruvim' means 'the cherubim', 'por'shei' means 'spreaders', 'kenafayim' means 'of wings', 'lema'ah' means 'upward', 'sochkim' means 'soaring', 'bechan'fehem' means 'on their wings', 'al-hakaporet' means 'upon the mercy seat', 'u'peneshem' means 'and their faces', 'ish' means 'each one', 'el-achiv' means 'to his brother', 'el-hakaporet' means 'to the mercy seat', 'hayu' means 'were', 'p'nei' means 'the faces of', 'hak'ruvim' means 'the cherubim'.
[EXO.37.10] And he made the table of acacia wood, two cubits long and a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high. [§]
Vayyaas et hashulchan atzei shitim amattayim archo veamma rachvo veamma vachetsi komato.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'et' is the object marker, 'hashulchan' means 'the table', 'atzei' means 'of wood', 'shitim' means 'of acacia', 'amattayim' means 'two cubits', 'archo' means 'its length', 'veamma' means 'and a cubit', 'rachvo' means 'its width', 'veamma' again means 'and a cubit', 'vachetsi' means 'and a half', 'komato' means 'its height'.
[EXO.37.11] And he covered it with pure gold, and he made for it a gold ring around it. [§]
vayetzaff oto zahav tahor vayyaas lo zer zahav saviv.
'vayetzaff' means 'and he covered', 'oto' means 'it', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'lo' means 'for it', 'zer' means 'a ring' or 'band', 'zahav' again means 'gold', 'saviv' means 'around' or 'circular'.
[EXO.37.12] And he made for him a circular bronze band, and he made a gold chain for his band, around it. [§]
Vayyaas lo misgeret tofah saviv vayyaas zer-zahav lemisgarto saviv.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'lo' means 'for him', 'misgeret' means 'a circuit' or 'band', 'tofah' is a metal term often understood as 'bronze' or 'copper', 'saviv' means 'around' or 'circular', 'zer-zahav' means 'a gold chain' (zer = chain, zahav = gold), 'lemisgarto' means 'for his circuit/band', and the final 'saviv' repeats the sense of 'around it'.
[EXO.37.13] And he cast for him four golden vessels and he placed the vessels upon the four feet that were for his four legs. [§]
Vayitzok lo arba tabeot zahav vayiten et-hatabaot al arba hapeot asher le'arba raglav.
'Vayitzok' means 'and he poured/cast', 'lo' means 'for him', 'arba' means 'four', 'tabeot' means 'vessels' or 'cups', 'zahav' means 'golden', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave/placed', 'et-hatabaot' means 'the vessels', 'al' means 'upon', 'arba' means 'four' again, 'hapeot' means 'feet', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'le'arba' means 'for four', 'raglav' means 'his legs'.
[EXO.37.14] For the support of the closure the painted houses alone were to carry the table. [§]
leummat hamisgeret hayu hattabaot batim labaddim laset et hashulchan.
'leummat' means 'for the support of', 'hamisgeret' means 'the closure', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'hattabaot' means 'the painted', 'batim' means 'houses', 'labaddim' means 'alone' or 'by themselves', 'laset' means 'to carry' or 'to lift', 'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object, 'hashulchan' means 'the table'.
[EXO.37.15] And he made the boards of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold to carry the table. [§]
Vayaas et-habaddim atzei shitim vayetstaf otam zahav laset et-hashulchan.
'Vayaas' means 'and he made', 'et-habaddim' means 'the boards', 'atzei' means 'of wood', 'shitim' means 'acacia', 'vayetstaf' means 'and he overlaid', 'otam' means 'them', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'laset' means 'to bear' or 'to carry', 'et-hashulchan' means 'the table'.
[EXO.37.16] And he made the vessels that are on the table, his pitchers and his cups and his basins and the incense burners that were poured in them, pure gold. [§]
Vayyaas et ha-kelim asher al ha-shulchan et ke'arotav ve-et kappotav ve-et menakkiyotav ve-et ha-keshavot asher yusakh bainah zahav tahor.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-kelim' means 'the vessels', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'al' means 'on', 'ha-shulchan' means 'the table', 'ke'arotav' means 'his pitchers', 've-et' means 'and', 'kappotav' means 'his cups', 'menakkiyotav' means 'his basins', 'ha-keshavot' means 'the incense burners', 'yusakh' means 'was poured', 'bainah' (bāhen) means 'in them', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure'.
[EXO.37.17] And he made the lamp of pure gold, hammered out; he made the lamp, its base and its stem, its bowls, its cups and its blossoms; from it they were. [§]
vayyaas et-hamenorah zahav tahor miksha asah et-hamenorah yerechah veqaneh g'viy'otah kaftoreiha u'fracheha mimena hayu.
'vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'ha-menorah' means 'the lamp', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'miksha' means 'hammered out', 'asah' means 'he made', the second 'et-hamenorah' repeats 'the lamp', 'yerechah' means 'its base', 'veqaneh' means 'and its stem', 'g'viy'otah' means 'its bowls', 'kaftoreiha' means 'its cups', 'u'fracheha' means 'and its blossoms', 'mimena' means 'from it', 'hayu' means 'were'.
[EXO.37.18] And six spouts go out from its side; three lampstand spouts from its first side, and three lampstand spouts from its second side. [§]
ve-shisha kanim yotze'im mi-tzideha shlosha k'nei menorah mi-tzidah ha-echad u-shlosha k'nei menorah mi-tzidah ha-sheni.
've' means 'and', 'shisha' means 'six', 'kanim' means 'receptacles' or 'spouts', 'yotze'im' means 'going out' (present participle), 'mi' means 'from', 'tzideha' means 'its side', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'k'nei' is the plural of 'kaneh' meaning 'spout' (literally 'receptacle'), 'menorah' means 'lampstand', 'ha-echad' means 'the first', 'u' means 'and', 'ha-sheni' means 'the second'.
[EXO.37.19] Three hills perfumed in one reed, caper and blossom, and three hills perfumed in one reed, caper and blossom; thus for the six shoots that go out from the lamp. [§]
Shlosha geviyim meshukadim ba kaneh ha echad kaptor vefarach u shlosha geviyim meshukadim be kaneh echad kaptor varach ken le sheshet hakanim hayotzim min ha menorah.
'Shlosha' means 'three', 'geviyim' means 'hills' or 'vineyards', 'meshukadim' means 'perfumed' or 'anointed', 'ba kaneh' means 'in the reed/cane', 'ha echad' means 'the one', 'kaptor' means 'caper' (a plant), 'vefarach' means 'and blossom', 'u' means 'and', the phrase repeats for a second set of three hills, 'ken' means 'thus', 'le sheshet' means 'for the six', 'hakanim' means 'the shoots', 'hayotzim' means 'that go out', 'min' means 'from', 'ha menorah' means 'the lamp'.
[EXO.37.20] And by the lamp four hills, covered, its caps and its blossoms. [§]
Uve-m'norah arba'ah gev'im meshukadim kaptoreha ufaracheha.
'Uve-m'norah' means 'and in/at the lamp', 'arba'ah' means 'four', 'gev'im' means 'hills' or 'mounds', 'meshukadim' means 'covered' or 'clothed', 'kaptoreha' means 'its caps' (the top parts), and 'ufaracheha' means 'and its blossoms'.
[EXO.37.21] And a kaptor under the two horns from it, and a kaptor under the two horns from it, and a kaptor under the two horns from it for the six horns that go out from it. [§]
vekaptor takhat shnei hakanim mimmenah vekaptor takhat shnei hakanim mimmenah vekaptor takhat-shnei hakanim mimmenah le'sheshet hakanim hayotzim mimmenah.
'vekaptor' means 'and a kaptor' (kaptor being a noun left untranslated), 'tahat' means 'under', 'shnei' means 'two', 'hakanim' means 'the horns', 'mimmenah' means 'from it', the phrase repeats three times, then 'le'sheshet' means 'for six', 'hakanim' again 'the horns', 'hayotzim' means 'that go out' or 'that emerge', and the final 'mimmenah' again means 'from it'.
[EXO.37.22] Their baskets and their merchandise from it were all one pure gold vessel. [§]
kappotrehem uknotam mimmena hayu kullah mikshah achat zahav tahor.
'kappotrehem' means 'their baskets', 'uknotam' means 'and their merchandise', 'mimmena' means 'from it', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'kullah' means 'all', 'mikshah' means 'a vessel' or 'container', 'achat' means 'one', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure'.
[EXO.37.23] And he made its seven lamps, and its sockets, and its bowls of pure gold. [§]
Vaya'as et-nero-teha shiv'ah u-malkacheha u-machoteteha zahav tahor.
'Vaya'as' means 'and he made', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'nero-teha' means 'its lamps' (feminine suffix referring to the lampstand), 'shiv'ah' means 'seven', 'u-malkacheha' means 'and its sockets', 'u-machoteteha' means 'and its bowls', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure'.
[EXO.37.24] She made it of pure gold, and all its vessels. [§]
kikkar zahav tahor asah otah ve'et kol-keleha
'kikkar' means 'pure' (used poetically for something unsullied), 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'asah' means 'made', 'otah' is the feminine object pronoun 'it', 've'et' means 'and', 'kol-keleha' means 'all her vessels' or 'all its utensils'.
[EXO.37.25] And he made the laver of acacia wood, a cubit long and a cubit wide, a square, and two cubits high; from it were its horns. [§]
vayya'as et mizbeach haketoret atzei shittim ammah arco ve'amma rachvo rabbua ve'amattayim komato mimenu hayu karnotav.
'vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'mizbeach' means 'altar' (here referring to the laver), 'haketoret' means 'the laver', 'atzei' means 'of wood', 'shittim' means 'acacia', 'ammah' means 'cubit', 'arco' means 'its length', 've'amma' means 'and a cubit', 'rachvo' means 'its breadth', 'rabbua' means 'a square', 've'amattayim' means 'and two cubits', 'komato' means 'its height', 'mimenu' means 'from it', 'hayu' means 'were', 'karnotav' means 'its horns'.
[EXO.37.26] And he surrounded it with pure gold, its roof and its walls all around, and its corners, and he made for it a golden lamp all around. [§]
Vayetzaf oto zahav tahor et-gaggo ve-et-kirotav saviv ve-et-karnotav vayyaas lo zer zahav saviv.
'Vayetzaf' means 'and he surrounded', 'oto' means 'him', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'et-gaggo' means 'the roof of it', 've-et-kirotav' means 'and the walls of it', 'saviv' means 'all around', 've-et-karnotav' means 'and its corners', 'vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'lo' means 'for it', 'zer' means 'lamp', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'saviv' means 'all around'.
[EXO.37.27] And two golden plates he made for it from beneath its side upon its two ribs upon its two sides separate houses to carry it in them. [§]
u'shtei tav'ot zahav asah lo mitachat lezero al shtei tzal'otav al shnei tzidayv levatim levadim laset oto bahem.
'u'shtei' means 'and two', 'tav'ot' means 'plates', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'asah' means 'made', 'lo' means 'for it', 'mitachat' means 'from beneath', 'lezero' means 'its side', 'al' means 'upon', 'shtei' means 'two', 'tzal'otav' means 'its ribs', 'shnei' means 'two', 'tzidayv' means 'its sides', 'levatim' means 'houses', 'levadim' means 'separate' or 'alone', 'laset' means 'to carry', 'oto' means 'it', 'bahem' means 'in them'.
[EXO.37.28] And he made the basins of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold. [§]
Vayya'as et-habaddim etzei shittim vayetzaf otam zahav.
'Vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'et-habaddim' means 'the basins' (baddim = vessels, often bronze or copper), 'etzei' means 'of the wood of', 'shittim' means 'acacia' (shittim wood), 'vayetzaf' means 'and he overlaid', 'otam' means 'them', 'zahav' means 'gold'.
[EXO.37.29] And he made the holy anointing oil and the pure incense of the spices, the work of the perfumer. [§]
Vayya'as et-shemen hamishchah kodesh ve-et ketoret ha-sammim tahor ma'aseh rokeach.
'Vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shemen' means 'oil', 'hamishchah' means 'the anointing', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 've-et' means 'and', 'ketoret' means 'incense', 'ha-sammim' means 'the spices', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'ma'aseh' means 'work', 'rokeach' means 'perfumer' or 'perfuming'.
EXO.38
[EXO.38.1] And he made the altar of burnt offering of acacia wood, five cubits long and five cubits wide, a square, and three cubits high. [§]
Va-ya'as et-mizbach ha-olah atzei shittim chamesh amot archo ve-chamesh-amot rachvo ravu'a ve-shalosh amot komato.
'Va-ya'as' means 'and he made', 'et' is the Hebrew accusative particle marking the direct object, 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'ha-olah' means 'the burnt offering (altar)', 'atzei' means 'of (the) wood', 'shittim' means 'acacia', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'amot' means 'cubits', 'archo' means 'its length', 've-' is the conjunction 'and', 'chamesh-amot' is again 'five cubits', 'rachvo' means 'its width', 'ravu'a' means 'a square', 've-shalosh' means 'and three', 'amot' again 'cubits', 'komato' means 'its height'.
[EXO.38.2] And he made its horns on four wings; from it were its horns, and he covered it with bronze. [§]
Vayya'as qarnotav al arba' pinnotav mimmenu hayu qarnotav vaytzaf oto nechoshet.
'Vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'qarnotav' means 'its horns', 'al' means 'on', 'arba'' means 'four', 'pinnotav' means 'its wings', 'mimmenu' means 'from it', 'hayu' means 'were', 'qarnotav' again means 'its horns', 'vaytzaf' means 'and he covered', 'oto' means 'it', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'.
[EXO.38.3] He made all the vessels of the altar: the brazen pots and the brazen bowls and the brazen pitchers and the brazen jars and the brazen pans, all of them he made of bronze. [§]
vayya'as et-kol k'lei hamizbeach et-hasirot ve'et-haya'im ve'et-hamizra'ot et-hamizlagot ve'et-hamachtot kol-kelayav asah nechoshet.
'vayya'as' means 'he made', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'k'lei' means 'vessels', 'hamizbeach' means 'of the altar', 'et-hasirot' means 'the brazen pots', 've'et-haya'im' means 'and the brazen bowls', 've'et-hamizra'ot' means 'and the brazen pitchers', 'et-hamizlagot' means 'the brazen jars', 've'et-hamachtot' means 'and the brazen pans', 'kol-kelayav' means 'all his vessels', 'asah' means 'made', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'.
[EXO.38.4] And he made for the altar a furnace, a bronze work, under its wheels from its base to its middle. [§]
Vayya'as lamizbeach mikvar ma'aseh reshet nechoshet tachat karkubo milmetah ad chetzio.
'Vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'lamizbeach' means 'for the altar', 'mikvar' means 'a furnace', 'ma'aseh' means 'a work (of)', 'reshet nechoshet' means 'bronze (or brass)', 'tachat' means 'under', 'karkubo' means 'its wheels' (literally 'its carriage'), 'milmetah' means 'from its side' or 'from its base', 'ad' means 'to', 'chetzio' means 'its middle' or 'halfway'.
[EXO.38.5] And he poured four vessels into the four corners for the bronze furnace of the houses of the white. [§]
Vayitzok arba tavot be'arba haqtzot le-michbar haneshoshet batim la-baddim.
'Vayitzok' means 'and he poured', 'arba' means 'four', 'tavot' means 'vessels' or 'containers', 'be'arba' means 'into four', 'haqtzot' means 'the corners', 'le-michbar' means 'for the furnace', 'haneshoshet' means 'the bronze', 'batim' means 'houses', 'la-baddim' means 'for the white (ones)'.
[EXO.38.6] And he made the badim, the acacia wood, and he overlaid them with bronze. [§]
vayya'as et-habaddim etzey shittim vayetzaf otam nechoshet.
'vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'et-habaddim' means 'the badim' (a term for wooden planks or boards), 'etzey' means 'the wood of', 'shittim' means 'acacia', 'vayetzaf' means 'and he overlaid', 'otam' means 'them', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'.
[EXO.38.7] And he brought the pieces in the tablets upon the slabs of the altar to lift it in them; a cake of loaves he made it. [§]
Vayyav et-habaddim batabbaot al tzalot hamizbeach laset oto bahem nevuv luchot asah oto.
'Vayyav' means 'and he brought', 'et-habaddim' means 'the pieces', 'batabbaot' means 'in the tablets', 'al' means 'upon', 'tzalot' means 'the slabs', 'hamizbeach' means 'of the altar', 'laset' means 'to lift' or 'to carry', 'oto' means 'it', 'bahem' means 'in them', 'nevuv' means 'a cake' (a type of baked offering), 'luchot' means 'loaves', 'asah' means 'made', and the final 'oto' again means 'it'.
[EXO.38.8] And he made the sea of bronze and the bowl of bronze in the sight of the armies that came to the entrance of the appointed tent. [§]
Va-yasah et ha-kiyor nechoshet ve-et kanna no nechoshet be-mar'ot ha-tzove'ot asher tzavu petach ohel mo'ed.
'Va-yasah' means 'and he made', 'et' is the accusative particle (no English equivalent), 'ha-kiyor' means 'the sea', 'nechoshet' means 'of bronze', 've-et' means 'and (the) ...', 'kanna' means 'the bowl', 'no' means 'of', 'nechoshet' again 'bronze', 'be-mar'ot' means 'in the sight of', 'ha-tzove'ot' means 'the armies', 'asher' means 'that', 'tzavu' means 'came', 'petach' means 'the entrance', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'mo'ed' means 'appointed place' (meeting).
[EXO.38.9] And he made the courtyard for the opening of the southeast, the courtyard stones six measures, a hundred cubits. [§]
Vayyaas et hachazer lifat negev teimanah kalei hachazer shesh mashzar mea baamma.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'et' is the accusative marker meaning 'the', 'hachazer' means 'the courtyard', 'lifat' means 'for the opening of', 'negev' means 'south', 'teimanah' means 'east' (together indicating southeast), 'kalei' means 'the stones of' or 'the bricks of', the second 'hachazer' repeats 'the courtyard', 'shesh' means 'six', 'mashzar' means 'measures' or 'units', 'mea' means 'hundred', and 'baamma' means 'cubits'.
[EXO.38.10] Their columns, twenty, and their bases, twenty, bronze; and the pillars and their ornaments, silver. [§]
amudeihem esrim veadneihem esrim nechoshet vavei haamudim vachashukehem kesef.
'amudeihem' means 'their columns', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'veadneihem' means 'and their bases', another 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze', 'vavei' means 'and the', 'haamudim' means 'the pillars', 'vachashukehem' means 'and their ornaments', 'kesef' means 'silver'.
[EXO.38.11] And the northern side one hundred in the column, their pillars twenty and their bases twenty of bronze, and the shafts of the pillars and their sockets silver. [§]
ve-lif'at tzafon me'ah ba'amma amud'eihem esrim ve-ad'neihem esrim nechoshet va'vei ha'amudim va-chashukehem kasef.
've-lif'at' means 'and (for) the side/portion', 'tzafon' means 'north', 'me'ah' means 'one hundred', 'ba'amma' means 'in the column/beam', 'amud'eihem' means 'their pillars', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 've-ad'neihem' means 'and their bases', the second 'esrim' again means 'twenty', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze', 'va'vei' means 'and the shafts', 'ha'amudim' means 'the pillars', 'va-chashukehem' means 'and their sockets', 'kasef' means 'silver'.
[EXO.38.12] And at the shore of the sea there were kelalim fifty cubits; their columns ten and their bases ten; and the tops of the columns and their ornaments were silver. [§]
ve-lif'at yam kelalim chamissim ba'ama amudeihem asarah ve-adneihem asarah va-vei ha'amudim va-chashukeihem kasef.
've' means 'and', 'lif\'at' means 'at the shore', 'yam' means 'sea', 'kelalim' means 'kelalim' (a type of measuring pole), 'chamissim' means 'fifty', 'ba'ama' means 'cubits', 'amudeihem' means 'their columns', 'asarah' means 'ten', 've' means 'and', 'adneihem' means 'their bases', 'asarah' again 'ten', 'va-vei' means 'and the tops', 'ha'amudim' means 'of the columns', 'va-chashukeihem' means 'and their ornaments', 'kasef' means 'silver'.
[EXO.38.13] and on the east side, toward the east, fifty cubits. [§]
veleefat kedma mizraha chamishim amah.
've' means 'and', 'leefat' means 'to the side', 'kedma' means 'east', 'mizraha' means 'toward the east', 'chamishim' means 'fifty', 'amah' means 'cubits'.
[EXO.38.14] Measurements fifteen cubits to the shoulder; their pillars three and their sides three. [§]
kelaim chamesh-eshreh amah el-hakatef ammuideihem shlosha ve'adnehem shlosha.
'kelaim' means 'measurements' or 'sections', 'chamesh-eshreh' means 'fifteen', 'amah' means 'cubit', 'el-hakatef' means 'to the shoulder', 'ammuideihem' means 'their pillars', 'shlosha' means 'three', 've'adnehem' means 'and their sides' (or 'and their adjoining parts'), the final 'shlosha' again means 'three'. The verse gives a dimensional description: a measurement of fifteen cubits to the shoulder, with three pillars and three side parts.
[EXO.38.15] And to the second side, from this and from that, to the gate of the courtyard, five ten cubits; their columns three, and their thresholds three. [§]
ve-lakatef hasheniit mi-zeh u-mi-zeh le-sha'ar ha-chatzer kelaim chamesh esreh ama amudeihem shlosha ve-adnehem shlosha.
've' means 'and', 'la' means 'to the', 'katef' means 'side' (literally 'shoulder'), 'hasheniit' means 'the second', 'mi-zeh' means 'from this', 'u-mi-zeh' means 'and from this', 'le-sha'ar' means 'to the gate', 'ha-chatzer' means 'the courtyard', 'kelaim' means 'stones' or 'blocks', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'esreh' means 'ten', 'ama' means 'cubit', 'amudeihem' means 'their columns', 'shlosha' means 'three', 've' again means 'and', 'ad' (in 'adnehem') means 'thresholds' or 'doorways', so 'adnehem' means 'their thresholds', and the final 'shlosha' again means 'three'.
[EXO.38.16] All the stones of the courtyard surrounding are six woven. [§]
Kol kalei hechatzer saviv shesh mashzar.
'Kol' means 'all', 'kalei' is the construct form of 'kela' meaning 'stones' (so 'stones of'), 'hechatzer' means 'the courtyard', 'saviv' means 'around' or 'surrounding', 'shesh' means 'six', and 'mashzar' comes from the root meaning 'to be woven or twisted', here understood as 'woven' or 'interlaced'.
[EXO.38.17] And the pillars for the columns copper and the columns and their ornaments silver and their crowns silver and they are silvered all pillars of the courtyard. [§]
veha'adanim la'amudim nechoshet vavei ha'amudim vachashukehem kesef ve'tzippuy raseihem kesef ve'hem mechushakim kesef kol amudei hachazér.
've' means 'and', 'ha'adanim' means 'the pillars', 'la'amudim' means 'for the columns', 'nechoshet' means 'copper', 'vavei' means 'and the', 'ha'amudim' means 'the columns', 'vachashukehem' means 'and their ornaments', 'kesef' means 'silver', 've'tzippuy' means 'and the crowns', 'raseihem' means 'their heads', 'kesef' means 'silver', 've'hem' means 'and they', 'mechushakim' means 'are silvered', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'kol' means 'all', 'amudei' means 'pillars of', 'hachazér' means 'the courtyard'.
[EXO.38.18] And a covering for the gate of the courtyard, the work of spun blue, purple, crimson, scarlet, and fine twine, twenty cubits long and five cubits high in width, for the pillars of the courtyard. [§]
u masach sha'ar hechatzer ma'aseh rokem tekhelet v'argaman v'tola'at shani v'yesh mashzar v'esrim amah orekh v'komah b'rochev chamesh amot le'umat kal'ei hechatzer.
'u' means 'and', 'masach' means 'covering', 'sha'ar' means 'gate', 'hechatzer' means 'the courtyard', 'ma'aseh' means 'work of', 'rokem' means 'spun', 'tekhelet' means 'blue', 'v'argaman' means 'and purple', 'v'tola'at' means 'and crimson', 'shani' means 'scarlet', 'v'yesh' means 'and fine', 'mashzar' means 'twine', 'v'esrim' means 'and twenty', 'amah' means 'cubit', 'orek' means 'length', 'v'komah' means 'and height', 'b'rochev' means 'in width', 'chamesh' means 'five', 'amot' means 'cubits', 'le'umat' means 'for the purpose of', 'kal'ei' means 'the pillars', 'hechatzer' means 'of the courtyard'.
[EXO.38.19] And their pillars [were] four, and their bases [were] four, bronze, and their ... silver, and the covering of their heads and their ... silver. [§]
ve'amudeihem arba'ah ve'adneihhem arba'ah nechoshet vavayhem kesef ve'tzipui rashaihem vachsukeihem kesef.
've' means 'and', 'amudeihem' means 'their pillars', 'arba'ah' means 'four', 've' again means 'and', 'adneihhem' means 'their bases', another 'arba'ah' means 'four', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze', 'vavayhem' means 'and their ...' (the exact noun is uncertain in this fragment), 'kesef' means 'silver', 've' means 'and', 'tzipui' means 'the covering', 'rashaihem' means 'of their heads', 'vachsukeihem' means 'and their ... (plural noun)', and final 'kesef' means 'silver'.
[EXO.38.20] And all the handbreadths for the tabernacle and the courtyard were bronze. [§]
vechol haytedot lamishkan velechatser savim nechoshet.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'haytedot' means 'the handbreadths', 'lamishkan' means 'for the tabernacle', 'velechatser' means 'and for the courtyard', 'savim' means 'round' or 'circular', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'.
[EXO.38.21] These are the ordinances of the tabernacle, the tabernacle of testimony, which were appointed according to Moses, the work of the Levites, by the hand of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest. [§]
Eleh pekudei ha-mishkan mishkan ha-edut asher pukkad al-pi Moshe avodat ha-Leviim be-yad Itamar ben Aaron haKohen.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'pekudei' means 'ordinances' or 'accountings', 'ha-mishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'mishkan' again means 'tabernacle', 'ha-edut' means 'the testimony', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'pukkad' means 'were appointed' or 'were ordered', 'al-pi' means 'by the mouth of' or 'according to', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'avodat' means 'the work' or 'service', 'ha-Leviim' means 'the Levites', 'be-yad' means 'by the hand of', 'Itamar' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Aaron' is a personal name, 'haKohen' means 'the priest'.
[EXO.38.22] And Zalel son of Uri son of Hur of the clan of Judah did all that Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
Uvetzalel ben Uri ben Hur le-mattek Yehudah asah et kol asher tzivah Yahveh et Moshe.
'U' means 'and', 'Zalel' is a personal name, so 'Uvetzalel' = 'and Zalel'. 'ben' means 'son', 'Uri' is a name, another 'ben' = 'son', 'Hur' is a name. 'le-mattek' is 'of the clan/tribe', 'Yehudah' is the name 'Judah'. 'asah' means 'did' or 'made'. 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated). 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'tzivah' means 'commanded'. 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. The second 'et' is again a direct‑object marker, and 'Moshe' is the name 'Moses'.
[EXO.38.23] And with him Aholiab son of Achisamach of the clan of Dan, a craftsman and designer and embroiderer in blue and in purple and in scarlet thread and in linen. [§]
ve'itto Aholiab ben Achisamach le-matteh Dan charash ve-chosev ve-rokem ba-techelet u-va-argaman u-ve-toleat ha-shani u-va-shesh.
've'itto' means 'and with him', 'Aholiab' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Achisamach' is the father's name, 'le-matteh Dan' means 'of the clan (family) of Dan', 'charash' means 'craftsman' or 'maker', 've-chosev' means 'and designer/planner', 've-rokem' means 'and embroiderer', 'ba-techelet' means 'in blue (a dye)', 'u-va-argaman' means 'and in purple (another dye)', 'u-ve-toleat ha-shani' means 'and in scarlet thread', 'u-va-shesh' means 'and in linen'.
[EXO.38.24] All the gold that was made for the work, in all the work of the holy, and it was melted gold, nineteen shekels and seven hundred and thirty shekels by the holy shekel. [§]
kol-hazzahav he'asu li-melakha bechol melechet hakodesh vayhi zahav hatennufa tesha ve'esrim kichar u'sheva me'ot u'shloshim shekel be'shekel hakodesh
'kol' means 'all', 'hazzahav' means 'the gold', 'he'asu' means 'that were made', 'li-melakha' means 'for the work', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'melechet' means 'the work of', 'hakodesh' means 'the holy', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'zahav hatennufa' means 'melted gold', 'tesha ve'esrim' means 'nineteen', 'kichar' means 'shekels', 'u'sheva me'ot' means 'and seven hundred', 'u'shloshim' means 'and thirty', 'shekel be'shekel hakodesh' means 'shekel of the holy shekel'.
[EXO.38.25] And the silver of the vow of the assembly was one hundred kikar and one thousand seven hundred and five and seventy shekels, each measured by the shekel of the holy. [§]
ve-chesef p'kudei ha-edah ma'at kikar ve-elef u-sheva me'ot v'khamsa v'sheva'im shekel be-shekel ha-kodesh.
've' means 'and', 'chesef' means 'silver', 'p'kudei' means 'of the vow/offering', 'ha-edah' means 'the assembly', 'ma'at' means 'hundred', 'kikar' is a term for a weight or shekel, 've-elef' means 'and a thousand', 'u-sheva' means 'and seven', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'v'khamsa' means 'and five', 'v'sheva'im' means 'and seventy', 'shekel' is a monetary unit, 'be-shekel' means 'by the shekel', 'ha-kodesh' means 'the holy'.
[EXO.38.26] A breach for the half‑shekel of the holy shekel for every one who passes over the duties from a person of twenty years old and upward to six hundred thousand, three thousand, five hundred and fifty. [§]
beka lagulgoleth machatzit hash shekel beshkel hakeodesh lekhol haover al hapekudim miben esrim shana vamaalah le'shesh meot eleph ushleshet alafim vachamesh meot vachamishim.
'beka' means 'a breach' or 'opening', 'lagulgoleth' means 'to the circular object' (literally 'to the wheel'), 'machatzit' means 'half', 'hash shekel' means 'the shekel', 'beshkel' means 'by a shekel', 'hakeodesh' means 'the holy', 'lekhol' means 'for all' or 'to every', 'haover' means 'the passer' or 'one who passes', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'hapekudim' means 'the duties' or 'the obligations', 'miben' means 'from the son of' or 'from a person of', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'shana' means 'years', 'vamaalah' means 'and above', 'leshesh meot' means 'to six hundred', 'eleph' means 'thousand', 'ushleshet alafim' means 'and three thousand', 'vachamesh meot' means 'and five hundred', 'vachamishim' means 'and fifty'.
[EXO.38.27] And it was a hundred of silver for casting the doors of the holy and the doors of the porch, a hundred stones for the hundred of the silver, silver for the door. [§]
Vayehi meah kikar hakeseph latseket et adnei hakodesh ve'et adnei haprokhet meah adanim limat hakikar kikar laaden.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'meah' means 'a hundred', 'kikar' means 'of silver', 'hakeseph' means 'the silver', 'latseket' means 'for casting', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'adnei' means 'the doors of', 'hakodesh' means 'the holy', 've'et' means 'and', 'adnei' again 'the doors of', 'haprokhet' means 'the porch', 'meah' again 'a hundred', 'adanim' means 'stones', 'limat' means 'for the hundred of', 'hakikar' means 'the silver', 'kikar' again 'silver', 'laaden' means 'to the door'.
[EXO.38.28] And the thousand and seven hundred and five and seventy made hooks for the pillars and covered their heads and cherished them. [§]
ve-et ha-elf u-sheva ha-meot ve-khamisha u-shivim asa vavim la-amudim ve-tzipah rashhehem ve-khishak otam.
've-et' means 'and (the direct object marker)', 'ha-elf' means 'the thousand', 'u-sheva' means 'and seven', 'ha-meot' means 'of the hundreds' (together 'seven hundred'), 've-khamisha' means 'and five', 'u-shivim' means 'and seventy', 'asa' means 'made', 'vavim' means 'hooks' (plural of hook, a shape like the letter vav), 'la-amudim' means 'for the pillars', 've-tzipah' means 'and covered', 'rashhehem' means 'their heads', 've-khishak' means 'and cherished' or 'desired', 'otam' means 'them'.
[EXO.38.29] And the bronze of the sounding was seventy kikar, and two thousand and four hundred shekels. [§]
U'nechoshet ha-tenufah shiv'im kikar ve'alpayim ve'arba-me'ot shakel.
'U' is the conjunction meaning "and". 'nechoshet' means "bronze" or "copper". 'ha-tenufah' is a noun derived from the root "tenaf" meaning "the sounding" or "the clanging" (often used for a metal object that makes a sound). 'shiv'im' means "seventy". 'kikar' is a rare term that appears in ancient texts as a measure of weight or volume; its exact equivalence is uncertain but it is treated here as a unit of measure. 've'alpayim' means "and two thousand". 've'arba-me'ot' means "and four hundred". 'shakel' is the standard weight or monetary unit "shekel".
[EXO.38.30] And he made there the entrance of the tent of meeting, and the copper altar, and the copper basin that was his, and all the vessels of the altar. [§]
Vayyaas ba et-adnei petach ohel moed ve'et mizbach hanachoshet ve'et mikbar hanachoshet asher-lo ve'et kol-klei hamizbeach.
'Vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'ba' means 'there', 'et-adnei' means 'the entrance of', 'petach' means 'opening', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'meeting', 've'et' means 'and the', 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'hanachoshet' means 'the copper', 've'et mikbar' means 'and the basin', 'asher-lo' means 'that was his', 've'et' again means 'and the', 'kol-klei' means 'all the vessels', 'hamizbeach' means 'of the altar'.
[EXO.38.31] And the hinges of the courtyard around, and the hinges of the gate of the courtyard, and all the frames of the dwelling, and all the frames of the courtyard around. [§]
ve'et-adnei hechatzer saviv ve'et-adnei sha'ar hechatzer ve'et kol-yitdot hamishkan ve'et kol-yitdot hechatzer saviv.
've' means 'and', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'adnei' means 'hinges of', 'hechatzer' means 'the courtyard', 'saviv' means 'around', 'sha'ar' means 'gate', 'kol' means 'all', 'yitdot' means 'frames', 'hamishkan' means 'the dwelling'.
EXO.39
[EXO.39.1] And from the blue, the purple, and the scarlet they made linen garments for service in the holy place, and they made the holy garments for Aaron as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
u-min ha-tekelet ve-ha-argaman ve-tola'at ha-shani asu bigde-srad le-sharet ba-kodesh va-ya'asu et-bigdei ha-kodesh asher le-Aharon ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et-Moshe.
'u-min' means 'and from', 'ha-tekelet' means 'the blue (or twilight) material', 've-ha-argaman' means 'and the purple (dye)', 've-tola'at ha-shani' means 'and the scarlet (worm) dye', 'asu' means 'they made', 'bigde-srad' means 'linen garments', 'le-sharet' means 'for service', 'ba-kodesh' means 'in the holy place', 'va-ya'asu' means 'and they made', 'et-bigdei ha-kodesh' means 'the holy garments', 'asher' means 'that', 'le-Aharon' means 'for Aaron', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-Moshe' means 'Moses'.
[EXO.39.2] And he made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine linen. [§]
Vayyas et ha-efod zahav tekhelet ve-argaman ve-tola'at shani ve-sheh mashzar.
'Vayyas' means 'and he made', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-efod' means 'the ephod', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tekhelet' means 'blue', 've-argaman' means 'and purple', 've-tola'at shani' together means 'and scarlet', and 've-sheh mashzar' means 'and fine linen'.
[EXO.39.3] They tore the gold sheets and cut the threads to make, in the middle of the blue, and in the middle of the purple, and in the middle of the scarlet, and in the middle of the fire, a skillful work. [§]
Vayerakke'u et-pachei ha-zahav ve-kitze'tz p'tilim la'asot be-tokh ha-techelet uve-tokh ha-argaman uve-tokh ha-shani uve-tokh ha-esh ma'aseh choshev.
'Vayerakke'u' means 'they tore', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'pachei' means 'plates' or 'sheets', 'ha-zahav' means 'the gold', 've-kitze'tz' means 'and cut', 'p'tilim' means 'threads', 'la'asot' means 'to make', 'be-tokh' means 'within' or 'in the midst of', 'ha-techelet' means 'the blue (techelet)', 'uve-tokh' means 'and within', 'ha-argaman' means 'the purple', 'uve-tokh' means 'and within', 'ha-shani' means 'the scarlet', 'uve-tokh' means 'and within', 'ha-esh' means 'the fire', 'ma'aseh' means 'work' or 'craft', 'choshev' means 'skillful' or 'calculated'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translation of God names is needed.
[EXO.39.4] They made ribs for him, joined together at the two ends. [§]
ketefot asu-lo hovrot al shenei ketsotav hubbar.
'ketefot' means 'ribs', 'asu-lo' means 'they made for him', 'hovrot' means 'joined' (feminine plural participle), 'al' means 'upon' or 'at', 'shenei' means 'two', 'ketsotav' means 'his ends' (the ends of something), 'hubbar' means 'together' or 'joined'.
[EXO.39.5] And the count of its weight which is upon it from him is like its work: gold, blue, purple, scarlet, fine linen, and six woven items, as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
vecheshev afuddato asher alav mimenu hu ke-ma'asehu zahav techelet ve-argaman ve-tolakhat shani ve-shesh mashzar ka-asher tzivah Yahveh et-Moshe
've' means 'and', 'cheshev' means 'account' or 'count', 'afuddato' means 'its burden/weight', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'mimenu' means 'from him', 'hu' means 'it is', 'ke-ma'asehu' means 'like its work', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'techelet' means 'blue (or purple) cloth', 've-argaman' means 'and purple', 've-tolakhat' means 'and scarlet', 'shani' means 'fine linen', 've-shesh' means 'and six', 'mashzar' means 'woven (things)', 'ka-asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'et-Moshe' means 'Moses' as the object of the command.
[EXO.39.6] And they made the stones of the breast‑plate set in rows of gold, with openings for sealings, upon the names of the children of Israel. [§]
va-yaasu et Avnei ha-shoham musabot mishbetzot zahav mefuttachot pituchai chotam al shemot b'nei Yisrael
"va-yaasu" means "and they made", "et" is the direct‑object marker, "Avnei" means "stones of", "ha-shoham" means "the breast‑plate", "musabot" means "set in", "mishbetzot" means "rows", "zahav" means "gold", "mefuttachot" means "opened" or "with openings", "pituchai" means "sealings" or "stamped", "chotam" means "their seal", "al" means "upon", "shemot" means "names", "b'nei" means "of the children of", "Yisrael" means "Israel".
[EXO.39.7] He placed them upon the edges of the ephod, the memorial stones for the children of Israel, as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
vayyasem otam al kitfot haefod avnei zikaron livnei Yisrael ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et-Moshe.
'vayyasem' means 'he placed', 'otam' means 'them', 'al' means 'upon', 'kitfot' means 'edges', 'haefod' means 'the ephod', 'avnei' means 'stones of', 'zikaron' means 'remembrance', 'livnei' means 'for the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH meaning the divine name, 'et-Moshe' means 'Moses' with the direct object marker.
[EXO.39.8] And he made the table, a golden work, like the work of the ephod, of gold, techelet, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen. [§]
Vayyas et-hachoshen ma'aseh choshev ke-ma'aseh ephod zahav techelet ve'argaman ve'tola'at shani ve'shesh mashzar.
'Vayyas' means 'and he made', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hachoshen' means 'the table', 'ma'aseh' means 'work' or 'craft', 'choshev' denotes 'golden' (from the root for gold), 'ke‑' is a comparative prefix meaning 'like' or 'as', 'ma'aseh' again is 'work', 'ephod' is the priestly vestment used as a stylistic reference, 'zahav' means 'gold', 'techelet' is a blue‑purple dye, 've'argaman' means 'and purple', 've'tola'at' means 'and scarlet', 'shani' also denotes 'scarlet' or 'crimson', and 've'shesh mashzar' means 'and fine linen' (mashzar = finely woven). The verse describes the making of the sacred table, fashioned in gold and richly colored fabrics.
[EXO.39.9] The square was folded; they made the darkness into gold, its length gold and its width gold, folded. [§]
Ravua hayah kapal asu et-hachosen zeret archo vezeret rachbo kapal.
'Ravua' means 'square' or 'four-sided shape', 'hayah' means 'was', 'kapel' means 'folded', 'asu' means 'they made' or 'they did', 'et-hachosen' means 'the darkness', 'zeret' means 'gold', 'archo' means 'its length', 'vezeret' means 'and gold', 'rachbo' means 'its width', the final 'kapel' repeats 'folded'.
[EXO.39.10] And they filled it with four stones: a white stone, a red one, a spotted one, and a bright one, the one white. [§]
Vayimalu-bo arba'ah turei even tur odem pitda u'bareket ha-tur ha-echad.
'Vayimalu' means 'and they filled', 'bo' means 'it', 'arba'ah' means 'four', 'turei' means 'types (of) stone', 'even' means 'stone', 'tur' means 'white' (as a descriptor of a stone), 'odem' means 'red', 'pitda' means 'spotted' or 'variegated', 'u'bareket' means 'and bright/shining', 'ha-tur' means 'the white', and 'ha-echad' means 'the one' (or 'the first').
[EXO.39.11] And the second bull, a spinning sapphire, and (it) shall shine. [§]
ve ha-tur ha-sheni nofech safir ve yahalom.
've' means 'and', 'ha-tur' means 'the bull', 'ha-sheni' means 'the second', 'nofech' means 'spinning' or 'turning', 'safir' means 'sapphire', the second 've' again means 'and', 'yahalom' is a rare verb meaning 'to shine' or 'to be bright'.
[EXO.39.12] And the third tier for the name of his return and ash. [§]
ve-hatur ha-shlishi le-shem shvo ve-achlamah.
've' means 'and', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'tur' is a noun meaning 'row' or 'tier', 'ha-shlishi' means 'the third', 'le-shem' means 'for the name of' or 'to the name', 'shvo' is a form of the verb 'to return' meaning 'his return', 've' again means 'and', 'achlamah' is a noun meaning 'ash' or 'ruinous thing'.
[EXO.39.13] And the fourth bull, sifted, onyx and polished, rings and gold insets in their ornamentation. [§]
veha-tur ha-revi'i tarsheesh shoham ve-yashfeh musabot mishbetzot zahav b'mil'otam.
've' means 'and', 'ha-tur' means 'the bull', 'ha-revi'i' means 'the fourth', 'tarsheesh' means 'sifted', 'shoham' means 'onyx', 've-yashfeh' means 'and polished', 'musabot' means 'rings', 'mishbetzot' means 'insets', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'b'mil'otam' means 'in their ornamentation'.
[EXO.39.14] And the stones on the names of the children of Israel; here are twelve on their names, the seals of a man on his name for the twelve tribes. [§]
vehaavanim al-shemot b'nei Yisrael henna shtei esreh al-shemotam pituchei chotam ish al-shmo lishnei asar shevet.
'vehaavanim' means 'and the stones', 'al' means 'on', 'shemot' means 'names', 'b'nei' means 'of the children/sons', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'henna' means 'here', 'shtei' means 'two', 'esreh' means 'ten' (together 'twelve'), 'al' again means 'on', 'shemotam' means 'their names', 'pituchei' means 'openings' or 'seals', 'chotam' means 'a seal', 'ish' means 'a man', 'al' means 'on', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'lishnei' means 'for the two' (i.e., 'for the two groups'), 'asar' means 'ten' (together 'twelve'), 'shevet' means 'tribe' or 'division'.
[EXO.39.15] And they made upon the breastplate ornamental girdles, work of thick pure gold. [§]
vaya'asu al hachosen sharsharot gavlut ma'aseh avot zahav tahor.
'vaya'asu' means 'and they made', 'al' means 'upon', 'hachosen' means 'the breastplate', 'sharsharot' means 'ornaments' or 'decorative pieces', 'gavlut' means 'girdles' or 'bands', 'ma'aseh' means 'work of', 'avot' means 'thick' or 'dense', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure'.
[EXO.39.16] And they made two golden ornaments and two golden plates, and they placed the two plates upon the two ends of the breastplate. [§]
vayyasu shtei mishbetsot zahav ushtei tavot zahav vayitnu et shtei hatabbaot al shenei ketzot hachoshen.
'vayyasu' means 'and they made', 'shtei' means 'two', 'mishbetsot' means 'brooches' or 'ornaments', 'zahav' means 'golden', 'ushthei' means 'and two', 'tavot' means 'plates' or 'tablets', 'vayitnu' means 'and they gave/placed', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'shtei' again means 'two', 'hatabbaot' means 'the plates', 'al' means 'upon', 'shenei' means 'two' (construct form), 'ketzot' means 'ends', 'hachoshen' means 'the breastplate' (the sacred breastpiece).
[EXO.39.17] And they placed two gold beams on the two seals on the ends of the lampstand. [§]
Vayittenu shtei ha'avotot hazahav al shtei ha-tabbaot al ketzot ha-hoshen.
'Vayittenu' means 'and they gave' or 'and they placed', 'shtei' means 'two', 'ha'avotot' means 'the beams' (literally 'the thick pieces'), 'hazahav' means 'the gold', 'al' means 'on', 'shtei' again means 'two', 'ha-tabbaot' means 'the seals' (plural of 'seal'), 'al' again means 'on', 'ketzot' means 'the ends' or 'extremities', 'ha-hoshen' means 'the lampstand' (the menorah).
[EXO.39.18] And they laid the two ends of the two tablets upon the two hinges, and they set them upon the shoulders of the ephod toward his face. [§]
ve et shtei ketsot shtei haavotot natnu al shtei hamishbetzot vayitnum al kitpot haephod el mul panav.
've' means 'and', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shtei' means 'two', 'ketsot' means 'ends', 'shtei' means 'two', 'haavotot' means 'the tablets', 'natnu' means 'they laid', 'al' means 'upon', 'shtei' means 'two', 'hamishbetzot' means 'the hinges', 'vayitnum' means 'and they set them', 'al' means 'upon', 'kitpot' means 'the shoulders', 'haephod' means 'the ephod', 'el' means 'toward', 'mul' means 'the front', 'panav' means 'his face'.
[EXO.39.19] And they made two golden plates and they placed them on the two ends of the bronze on its lip, which was across from the ephod. [§]
vayasu shtei tavot zahav vayassimu al shnei qetzot hachoshen al sfato asher el ever haefod batah.
'vayasu' means 'and they made', 'shtei' means 'two' (feminine), 'tavot' means 'plates', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'vayassimu' means 'and they placed', 'al' means 'on', 'shnei' means 'two' (masculine), 'qetzot' means 'ends', 'hachoshen' means 'the bronze', 'sfato' means 'its lip' or 'edge', 'asher' means 'which', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'ever' means 'the other side' or 'across', 'haefod' means 'the ephod', 'batah' means 'was' (past tense).
[EXO.39.20] And they made two golden tablets and set them on the two sides of the ephod, from the front of its face for the purpose of its fastening, above the border of the ephod. [§]
Vayasu shtei tavot zahav vayitenun al-shtei kitfot haefod milmata mimul panav leumat mechabarto mimaal lecheshev haefod.
'Vayasu' means 'and they made', 'shtei' means 'two', 'tavot' means 'tablets', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'vayitenun' means 'and they set them', 'al' means 'on', 'shtei' again means 'two', 'kitfot' means 'edges' or 'sides', 'haefod' means 'the ephod' (priestly garment), 'milmata' means 'a clasp' or 'a fastening', 'mimul' means 'from the front of', 'panav' means 'its face', 'leumat' means 'for the purpose of', 'mechabarto' means 'its joining/attachment', 'mimaal' means 'above', 'lecheshev' means 'the border' or 'edge', 'haefod' again means 'the ephod'.
[EXO.39.21] And they rode the breastplate from its sockets to the covering of the tabernacle on a blue cord to be upon the edge of the tabernacle, and the breastplate shall not depart from the tabernacle as Yahweh commanded Moses. [§]
vayirkesu et hachosen mittabeotav el taveat haefod biftil tekhelet liheyot al cheshev haefod velo yitzat hachosen meal haefod kaasher tzivah Yahweh et Moses.
'vayirkesu' means 'and they rode' (future imperfect with vav conjunctive). 'et' is the direct object marker, not translated. 'hachosen' means 'the breastplate'. 'mittabeotav' means 'from its sockets' (mi- = from, tabot = sockets, -av = his). 'el' means 'to' or 'toward'. 'taveat' means 'the covering' (of the tabernacle). 'haefod' means 'the tabernacle' (the sanctuary). 'biftil' means 'in a blue cord' (bi- = in, ptil = cord). 'tekhelet' means 'blue' (the dye). 'liheyot' means 'to be' (infinitive construct). 'al' means 'upon' or 'on'. 'cheshev' means 'the edge' or 'border'. 'haefod' again 'the tabernacle'. 'velo' means 'and not'. 'yitzat' means 'shall depart' or 'shall go away'. 'hachosen' again 'the breastplate'. 'meal' means 'from' (mi- + al). 'haefod' again 'the tabernacle'. 'kaasher' means 'as' or 'just as'. 'tzivah' means 'commanded'. 'Yahweh' is the transliteration of the divine name YHVH, rendered here as 'Yahweh'. 'et' again the object marker. 'Moses' is the name of the prophet.
[EXO.39.22] And he made the robe of the epod, a work of woven fabric like a blue veil. [§]
vayya'as et-me'il ha-epod ma'aseh oreg kelil techelet.
'vayya'as' means 'and he made', 'et-me'il' means 'the robe' (me'il = outer garment), 'ha-epod' means 'the epod' (a type of cloak), 'ma'aseh' means 'work' or 'craftsmanship', 'oreg' means 'woven fabric' or 'rug', 'kelil' means 'like a veil' (kelil = veil or covering), 'techelet' means 'blue' (the blue dye).
[EXO.39.23] And the mouth of the covering within it is as my mouth; the tongue to his mouth is all around and it will not be cut. [§]
Ufi ha-me'il betokho kefi tachra safah lefiov saviv lo yikkarea.
'Ufi' means 'and the mouth', 'ha-me'il' means 'the covering' or 'the veil', 'betokho' means 'inside it', 'kefi' means 'as my mouth', 'tachra' is a verb meaning 'will be cut' or 'to be cut', 'safah' means 'tongue', 'lefiov' means 'to his mouth', 'saviv' means 'around' or 'all around', 'lo' means 'not', and 'yikkarea' means 'will be cut'.
[EXO.39.24] And they made on the sleeves of the robe ribbons of blue, purple, and scarlet thread. [§]
vay-ya-su al-shu-lei ha-me-il ri-mo-nei te-ke-let ve-ar-ga-man ve-to-la-at sha-nee mash-zar
'vay-ya-su' means 'and they made', 'al-shu-lei' means 'upon the sleeves', 'ha-me-il' means 'of the robe', 'ri-mo-nei' means 'ribbons of', 'te-ke-let' means 'blue (a textile dye)', 've-ar-ga-man' means 'and purple', 've-to-la-at' means 'and scarlet', 'sha-nee' means 'thread' or 'strand', 'mash-zar' means 'woven' or 'braided'.
[EXO.39.25] And they made pure gold bracelets and placed the bracelets within the pomegranates on the strings of the robe all around within the pomegranates. [§]
Va'ya'asu pa'amonei zahav tahor vayittenu et hapa'amonim betoch harimonim al shulei hame'il saviv betoch harimonim.
'Va'ya'asu' means 'and they made', 'pa'amonei' means 'golden bracelets', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'vayittenu' means 'and they placed', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hapa'amonim' means 'the bracelets', 'betoch' means 'within', 'harimonim' means 'the pomegranates', 'al' means 'on', 'shulei' means 'the strings', 'hame'il' means 'of the robe', 'saviv' means 'all around'.
[EXO.39.26] Pomegranate and pomegranate, pomegranate and pomegranate, on the loops of the yoke all around to serve as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
Paamon veRimon paamon veRimon al-shulei ha-me'il saviv lesharet ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et-Moshe.
'Paamon' means 'pomegranate', 'veRimon' means 'and pomegranate', the phrase is repeated for emphasis. 'al-shulei' means 'on the loops/straps of', 'ha-me'il' means 'the yoke', 'saviv' means 'around' or 'all about', 'lesharet' means 'to serve', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'et-Moshe' is the object marker before the name Moses, indicating 'Moses'.
[EXO.39.27] And they made the coats, six woven works, for Aaron and his sons. [§]
Va-ya'asu et-hakatenot shesh ma'aseh oreg le-Aharon u-levanav.
'Va-ya'asu' means 'and they made', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hakatenot' means 'the coats' (plural garment), 'shesh' means 'six', 'ma'aseh' means 'works' or 'pieces', 'oreg' means 'woven', 'le-Aharon' means 'for Aaron', and 'u-levanav' means 'and for his sons'.
[EXO.39.28] And the six concealed, and the six openings of the towers, and the six entrants of the separation are mixed. [§]
veet ha-mitznefet shesh veet paarey ha-migbaot shesh veet mikhnesei habad shesh mashzar.
'veet' means 'and the', 'ha-mitznefet' means 'the concealed (or hidden) thing', 'shesh' means 'six', 'paarey' means 'openings' or 'ports', 'ha-migbaot' means 'the towers' or 'the raised structures', 'mikhnesei' means 'those who enter' or 'entrants', 'habad' means 'the separation' or 'the space between', 'mashzar' means 'mixed' or 'confused'.
[EXO.39.29] And the haabnet six twisted, and techelet, and purple, and goat hair of ram, the work of the embroiderer, as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
ve-et haabnet shesh mashzar u-techelet ve-argaman ve-tola'at shani ma'aseh rokem ka'asher tsivvah Yahveh et-moshe.
've-et' means 'and', 'haabnet' is a term meaning 'the covering' or 'the canopy' (exact meaning uncertain), 'shesh' means 'six', 'mashzar' means 'twisted' or 'braided', 'u-techelet' means 'and techelet' (a blue dye), 've-argaman' means 'and argaman' (purple), 've-tola'at' means 'and tolaat' (goat hair), 'shani' means 'of shani' (ram), 'ma'aseh' means 'work of', 'rokem' means 'embroiderer', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tsivvah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, and 'et-moshe' means 'Moses'.
[EXO.39.30] And they made the holy tassel of pure gold, and they wrote upon it an inscription of the seal of the Holy for Yahveh. [§]
Vayya'asu et tzitz nezer hakodesh zahav tahor vayikhtu'u alav miktav pittuchei chotam kodesh laYahveh.
'Vayya'asu' means 'and they made', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'tzitz' means 'tassel' or 'ornament', 'nezer' means 'crown' or 'band', 'hakodesh' means 'the Holy', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'tahor' means 'pure', 'vayikhtu'u' means 'and they wrote', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'miktav' means 'a writing' or 'inscription', 'pittuchei' means 'of the openings' (here understood as part of the seal design), 'chotam' means 'seal', another 'kodesh' means 'holy', and 'laYahveh' means 'for Yahveh' (the literal translation of the divine name YHVH).
[EXO.39.31] And they gave upon him a blue cord to put on the tassel from above, as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
vayittenu alav petil techelet latet al hamitznefet milma'alah ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et-Moshe.
'vayittenu' means 'and they gave', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'petil' means 'cord', 'techelet' means 'blue', 'latet' means 'to give/put', 'al' means 'on', 'hamitznefet' means 'the tassel', 'milma'alah' means 'from above', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-Moshe' indicates the direct object Moses.
[EXO.39.32] And they finished all the work of the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, and the children of Israel did according to all that Yahveh commanded Moses, so they did. [§]
vatekhel kol avodat mishkan ohel moed vayya'asu b'nei Yisrael kechol asher tzivah Yahveh et Moshe ken asu.
'vatekhel' means 'and they finished', 'kol' means 'all', 'avodat' means 'the work of', 'mishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'meeting', 'vayya'asu' means 'and they did', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'kechol' means 'according to all', 'asher' means 'that', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'asu' means 'they did'.
[EXO.39.33] And they brought the tabernacle to Moses, the tent and all its vessels, its sockets, its hooks, its bars, its pillars and its planks. [§]
Vayaviu et hameshkan el Moshe et ha-ohel ve-et kol keleyav kerasav kerashav berichav ve-amudav ve-adanav.
'Vayaviu' means 'and they brought', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'hameshkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'el' means 'to', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'ha-ohel' means 'the tent', 've-et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'keleyav' means 'its vessels', 'kerasav' means 'its sockets', 'kerashav' means 'its hooks', 'berichav' means 'its bars', 've-amudav' means 'and its pillars', 've-adanav' means 'and its planks'.
[EXO.39.34] and the covering of the skins of the crimson goats, and the covering of the skins of the badgers, and the veil of the covering. [§]
ve'et mikseh orot ha'eilim hamadomim ve'et mikseh orot hat'chasim ve'et parokhet ha-masach.
've'et' means 'and', 'mikseh' means 'covering', 'orot' means 'skins', 'ha'eilim' means 'the goats', 'hamadomim' means 'the crimson', 'hat'chasim' means 'the badgers', 'parokhet' means 'veil', 'ha-masach' means 'the covering' or 'screen'.
[EXO.39.35] the Ark of the testimony and its poles and the covering. [§]
et-aron ha'edut ve-et-baddav ve-et hakaporeth
'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object and is not rendered in English. 'Aron' means 'ark' or 'chest'. 'ha' is the definite article 'the'. 'edut' means 'testimony' or 'witness', so 'ha'edut' is 'the testimony'. 'baddav' is a construct form meaning 'its poles' (the plural of 'dav' = pole). 'kaporet' means 'covering' (the lid of the ark), and with the article it is 'the covering'. The conjunction 've' means 'and'.
[EXO.39.36] the table and all its vessels, and the bread of the Presence. [§]
et ha-shulchan et kol kelav ve-et lechem ha-panim.
'et' is the direct‑object marker, not rendered in English; 'ha-shulchan' means 'the table'; 'et' again the object marker; 'kol' means 'all'; 'kelav' means 'its vessels' or 'its utensils'; 've-et' means 'and the' (the conjunction 've' = 'and' plus the object marker); 'lechem' means 'bread'; 'ha-panim' literally 'the face', used here as a title for the divine presence, rendered as 'the Presence'.
[EXO.39.37] the pure lamp its lamps the lamps of the arrangement and all its vessels and the oil of the light. [§]
et haM'naRah haTehorah et neroteiha nerot haMa'arachah ve'et kol keleiha ve'et shemen haMa'or.
'et' is the Hebrew direct object marker and is usually not rendered in English. 'haM'naRah' means 'the lamp'. 'haTehorah' means 'the pure' (feminine). 'neroteiha' means 'its lamps' (literally 'lamps of it'). 'nerot' means 'lamps' and 'haMa'arachah' means 'of the arrangement' (or 'of the setting'). 've'et' means 'and'. 'kol' means 'all'. 'keleiha' means 'its vessels' (literally 'vessels of it'). 'shemen' means 'oil'. 'haMa'or' means 'of the light'.
[EXO.39.38] and the golden altar, and the anointing oil, and the incense offering, and the veil of the entrance of the tent. [§]
ve'et mizbach hazahav ve'et shemen hamishchah ve'et ketoret hasamim ve'et masach petach ha'ohel.
've'et' means 'and', 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'hazahav' means 'the gold' (golden), 'shemen' means 'oil', 'hamishchah' means 'the anointing', together 'shemen hamishchah' means 'the anointing oil', 'ketoret' means 'incense offering', 'hasamim' means 'of the spices', together 'ketoret hasamim' means 'the incense offering', 'masach' means 'veil', 'petach' means 'entrance', 'ha'ohel' means 'the tent' (tabernacle), together 'masach petach ha'ohel' means 'the veil of the entrance of the tent'.
[EXO.39.39] the bronze altar and the bronze laver that were his, its bronze and all its vessels, the basin and its pitcher. [§]
Et mizbah ha-nochoshet ve-et mikbar ha-nochoshet asher lo et-badav ve-et kol-keleav et-hakiyor ve-et-kanno.
'Et' is the accusative particle marking the direct object. 'Mizbah' means 'altar'. 'Ha-nochoshet' means 'the bronze'. 'Ve-et' means 'and the' (conjunctive + accusative). 'Mikbar' means 'laver' or 'basin for washing'. 'Asher' means 'that' or 'which'. 'Lo' means 'his' or 'its' (possessive). 'Badav' means 'its bronze' (the metal of the object). 'Kol-keleav' means 'all its vessels' or 'all its utensils'. 'Hakiyor' means 'the basin' (a large washing bowl). 'Kanno' means 'its pitcher' or 'its jug'.
[EXO.39.40] the bowls of the courtyard, its pillars, its sockets, the screen for the gate of the courtyard, its lattice and its stakes, and all the furnishings of the service of the tabernacle for the tent of meeting. [§]
et kalei hechazer et-amudeha ve-et-adaneha ve-et hamasach lesha'ar hechazer et-meitarav ve-itedoteha ve-et kolklei avodat hamishkan le'ohel mo'ed.
'et' is the accusative marker with no English equivalent, 'kalei' means 'bowls', 'hechazer' means 'the courtyard', 'et-amudeha' means 'its pillars', 've-et-adaneha' means 'and its sockets', 've-et hamasach' means 'and the screen', 'lesha'ar' means 'for the gate', 'et-meitarav' means 'its lattice', 've-itedoteha' means 'and its stakes', 've-et kolklei avodat hamishkan' means 'and all the furnishings of the service of the tabernacle', 'le'ohel mo'ed' means 'for the tent of meeting'.
[EXO.39.41] The garments of the service for serving in the holy place, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons to serve as priests. [§]
Et bigdei hasharad lesherit bakodesh et bigdei hakodesh leAharon hakohen veet bigdei banav lekahen.
'Et' is the direct object marker and is not rendered in English. 'bigdei' means 'garments of'. 'hasharad' means 'the service'. 'lesherit' means 'to serve'. 'bakodesh' means 'in the holy (place)'. The second 'et' again marks the object. 'bigdei' again 'garments of'. 'hakodesh' means 'the holy'. 'leAharon' means 'to Aaron'. 'hakohen' means 'the priest'. 'veet' means 'and the' (with a conjunction). 'bigdei' again 'garments of'. 'banav' means 'his sons'. 'lekahen' means 'to serve as priests' (literally 'to priest').
[EXO.39.42] As all that Yahveh commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did all the work. [§]
kechol asher-tzivah Yahveh et-Moses ken asu b'nei Yisrael et kol haavoda.
'kechol' means 'as all' or 'in every way', 'asher' means 'that', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-Moses' means 'to Moses' (direct object marker plus the name Moses), 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', 'asu' means 'they did' or 'they made', 'b'nei' means 'the children of' (literally 'in the sons'), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all' or 'the whole', 'haavoda' means 'the work' or 'the service'.
[EXO.39.43] And Moses saw all the work, and behold they had made it as Yahveh had commanded; and Moses blessed them. [§]
Vayyar Moshe et-kol-hamelachah vehineh asu otah ka'asher tzivah Yahveh ken asu vayvarekh otam Moshe.
'Vayyar' means 'and (he) saw', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha‑melachah' means 'the work', 've‑hineh' means 'and behold', 'asu' means 'they made', 'otah' means 'it', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', the second 'asu' repeats 'they did', 'vayvarekh' means 'and (he) blessed', 'otam' means 'them', the final 'Moshe' repeats the name Moses.
EXO.40
[EXO.40.1] And Yahveh spoke to Moses, saying. [§]
Vayedabber Yahveh el-Mosheh le'emor.
'Vayedabber' means 'and spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Mosheh' is the proper name Moses, 'le'emor' means 'saying' or 'to say'.
[EXO.40.2] On the day of the first month, on the first day of the month, you shall set up the dwelling tent of the appointed meeting. [§]
Beyom hachodesh harishon be'echad lachodesh takim et mishkan ohel mo'ed.
'Beyom' means 'on the day', 'hachodesh' means 'the month', 'harishon' means 'the first', 'be'echad' means 'on the one' or 'on the first', 'lachodesh' means 'of the month', 'takim' means 'you shall set up' or 'establish', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'mishkan' means 'dwelling place' (the tabernacle), 'ohel' means 'tent', 'mo'ed' means 'appointed meeting' or 'festival'.
[EXO.40.3] And you shall place there the Ark of the testimony, and you shall cover the Ark with the covering. [§]
ve'samta sham et aron ha'edut ve'sakota al ha'aron et ha'parokhet.
've' means 'and', 'samta' means 'you shall place', 'sham' means 'there', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'aron' means 'ark', 'ha' means 'the', 'edut' means 'testimony', 've' again means 'and', 'sakota' means 'you shall cover', 'al' means 'upon' or 'over', 'ha' again means 'the', 'aron' again means 'ark', 'et' again the object marker, 'ha' again 'the', 'parokhet' means 'covering' or 'screen'.
[EXO.40.4] And you shall bring the table and arrange its setting, and you shall bring the lamp and raise its lights. [§]
veheveita et hashulchan vearakhta et erko vehveita et hamnerah vehaleita et neroteha.
've' means 'and', 'heveita' means 'you shall bring', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hashulchan' means 'the table', 've' again means 'and', 'arakhta' means 'you shall arrange', 'erko' means 'its setting' or 'its order', 've' again means 'and', 'heveita' means 'you shall bring', 'hamnerah' means 'the lamp', 've' again means 'and', 'haleita' means 'you shall raise' or 'bring up', 'neroteha' means 'its lamps' or 'its lights'.
[EXO.40.5] And you shall give the gold altar for burnt offering before the ark of the testimony, and you shall set the curtain of the entrance for the dwelling. [§]
Ve-natata et mizbach ha zahav liqtoret lifnei aron ha edut ve samta et masakh ha petach lamishkan.
'Ve' means 'and', 'natata' means 'you shall give', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'ha' is the article 'the', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'liqtoret' means 'for burnt offering', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'aron' means 'ark', 'ha' means 'the', 'edut' means 'testimony', 've' means 'and', 'samta' means 'you shall set or place', 'et' is the direct object marker again, 'masakh' means 'curtain', 'ha' means 'the', 'petach' means 'entrance', 'lamishkan' means 'for the dwelling'.
[EXO.40.6] And you shall set the altar of the burnt offering before the entrance of the tabernacle, the tent of meeting. [§]
ve-natata et mizbach ha-olah lifnei petach mishkan ohel-moed.
've-natata' means 'and you shall set', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'ha-olah' means 'the burnt offering', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'petach' means 'entrance' or 'opening', 'mishkan' means 'tabernacle', 'ohel-moed' means 'tent of meeting'.
[EXO.40.7] And you shall set the laver between the tent of meeting and the altar, and you shall place water there. [§]
ve-natata et haki-yor beyn ohel mo'ed uveyn hamizbeach ve-natata sham mayim.
've' means 'and', 'natata' means 'you shall set' or 'you shall place', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'haki-yor' means 'the laver' (a bronze basin), 'beyn' means 'between', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'mo'ed' means 'meeting' (as in the tent of meeting), 'uveyn' means 'and between', 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 've' again means 'and', 'natata' repeats 'you shall set', 'sham' means 'there', 'mayim' means 'water'.
[EXO.40.8] And you shall set the courtyard in a circle, and you shall place a screen at the courtyard gate. [§]
Vesamta et-hekhatzer saviv, venatata et-masakh sha'ar hekhatzer.
'Vesamta' means 'and you shall set/put', 'et-' is the direct object marker, 'hekhatzer' means 'the courtyard', 'saviv' means 'around' or 'in a circle', 'venatata' means 'and you shall give/place', 'masakh' means 'screen' or 'curtain', 'sha'ar' means 'gate' or 'door', and the second 'hekhatzer' repeats 'of the courtyard'.
[EXO.40.9] And you shall take the anointing oil and you shall anoint the tabernacle and all that is in it and you shall sanctify it and all its vessels and it shall be holy. [§]
ve-lakachta et-shemen ha-mishchah u-mashachta et-hamishkan ve-et kol asher-bo ve-kidastah oto ve-et kol keliav ve-hayah kodesh.
've' means 'and', 'lakachta' means 'you shall take', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'shemen' means 'oil', 'ha-mishchah' means 'the anointing', 'u' means 'and', 'mashachta' means 'you shall anoint', 'hamishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 've-et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'bo' means 'is in it', 've-kidastah' means 'and you shall sanctify', 'oto' means 'it', 've-et' again 'and', 'keliav' means 'its vessels', 've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'kodesh' means 'holy'.
[EXO.40.10] And you shall anoint the altar of the burnt offering and all its vessels, and you shall consecrate the altar, and the altar shall be most holy. [§]
u-mashachta et mizbah ha-olah ve-et kol keilav ve-kiddashta et ha-mizbeh ve-hayah ha-mizbeh kodesh kodeshim.
'u-' means 'and', 'mashachta' means 'you anointed', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'mizbah' means 'altar', 'ha-olah' means 'the burnt offering', 've-' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'keilav' means 'its vessels', 'kiddashta' means 'you consecrated', 'ha-mizbeh' means 'the altar', 'hayah' means 'shall be', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'kodeshim' (plural) means 'holy (in the highest degree)', i.e., 'most holy'.
[EXO.40.11] And you anointed the kiyor and its (thing), and you sanctified it. [§]
U-mashachta et ha-kiyor ve-et kanno ve-kiddashta oto.
'U' means 'and', 'mashachta' means 'you anointed', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-kiyor' means 'the kiyor' (a proper name or title of the object being anointed), 've' means 'and', the second 'et' is again the direct‑object marker, 'kanno' means 'its ...' (the specific noun is unclear in the source but is the second object linked with the first), 've' again means 'and', 'kiddashta' means 'you sanctified', and 'oto' means 'it' (referring to the thing(s) just mentioned).
[EXO.40.12] And you shall bring Aaron and his sons to the door of the tent of meeting, and you shall wash them with water. [§]
vehikravta et Aaron ve'et banav el petach ohel moed ve'rakhatsa otam bammayim.
'vehikravta' means 'and you shall bring', 'et' is a direct object marker (often left untranslated), 'Aaron' is the name Aaron, 've'et' means 'and the', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'el' means 'to', 'petach' means 'door', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'meeting' (as in 'tent of meeting'), 've'rakhatsa' means 'and you shall wash', 'otam' means 'them', 'bammayim' means 'with water'.
[EXO.40.13] And you shall clothe Aaron with the holy garments, and you shall anoint him and consecrate him, and he shall be priest for me. [§]
vehilbashta et Aaron et bigdei hakodesh u-mashachta oto ve-kidashta oto ve-kihen li.
'vehilbashta' means 'and you shall clothe', 'et' is a marker of the direct object (not translated), 'Aaron' is the proper name Aaron, 'bigdei' means 'the garments of', 'hakodesh' means 'the holy', 'u-mashachta' means 'and you shall anoint', 'oto' means 'him', 've-kidashta' means 'and you shall consecrate', 've-kihen' means 'and he shall be priest', 'li' means 'for me'.
[EXO.40.14] And bring his sons and clothe them with tunics. [§]
ve et banav takriv ve hilbashta otam kutonot.
've' means 'and', 'et' is an accusative marker with no English equivalent, 'banav' means 'his sons', 'takriv' means 'you shall bring near' or 'you will bring', 've' again means 'and', 'hilbashta' means 'you shall clothe', 'otam' means 'them', and 'kutonot' means 'tunics' or 'coats'.
[EXO.40.15] And you anointed them as you anointed their father, and they shall be priests to me, and it shall be that their anointing becomes an everlasting priesthood for their generations. [§]
U mashachta otam kaasher mashachta et avihhem ve ki hanu li ve hayeta lihyot lahem mashchatam likhunnat olam le dorotam.
'U' means 'and', 'mashachta' means 'you anointed', 'otam' means 'them', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'et avihhem' means 'their father', 've' means 'and', 'ki hanu' means 'they shall be priests', 'li' means 'to me', 've hayeta' means 'and it shall be', 'lihyot' means 'to become', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'mashchatam' means 'their anointing', 'likhunnat' means 'for the priesthood', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'le dorotam' means 'for their generations'.
[EXO.40.16] And Moses did all that Yahveh commanded him, so he did. [§]
Vayyaas Mosheh kechol asher tzivah Yahveh oto ken asah.
'Vayyaas' means 'and did', 'Mosheh' means 'Moses', 'kechol' means 'as all' or 'according to all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'oto' means 'to him' or 'him', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus', 'asah' means 'he did' (repeating the action).
[EXO.40.17] And it came to pass in the first month of the second year, on the first day of the month, that the Tabernacle was set up. [§]
Vayehi bachodesh harishon bashanah hasheni beechad lachodesh hukam hamishkan.
'Vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'bachodesh' means 'in the month', 'harishon' means 'the first', 'bashanah' means 'in the year', 'hasheni' means 'the second', 'beechad' means 'on the first', 'lachodesh' means 'of the month', 'hukam' means 'was set up', 'hamishkan' means 'the dwelling place (the Tabernacle)'.
[EXO.40.18] And Moses erected the tabernacle, and set its pillars, and placed its bases, and set its sockets, and erected its columns. [§]
Vayakem Moshe et-hamishkan vayiten et-adnav vayasem et-kerashav vayiten et-berichav vayakem et-amudav.
'Vayakem' means 'and he erected', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 'et-hamishkan' means 'the tabernacle', 'vayiten' means 'and he set/gave', 'et-adnav' means 'its pillars', 'vayasem' means 'and he placed', 'et-kerashav' means 'its bases', 'vayiten' again means 'and he set/gave', 'et-berichav' means 'its sockets', 'vayakem' again means 'and he erected', 'et-amudav' means 'its columns'.
[EXO.40.19] And he spread the tent over the dwelling place, and he placed the covering of the tent upon it from above, as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
vayyifros et ha'ohel al ha-mishkan vayyasem et mikseh ha'ohel alav milmalaha ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et Moshe.
"vayyifros" means "and he spread", "et" is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), "ha'ohel" means "the tent", "al" means "upon", "ha-mishkan" means "the dwelling place (tabernacle)", "vayyasem" means "and he placed", "mikseh" means "covering", "alav" means "upon it", "milmalaha" means "from above", "ka'asher" means "as", "tzivah" means "commanded", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH, "Moshe" means "Moses".
[EXO.40.20] And he took the testimony and put it into the ark, and he placed the cherubim on the ark, and he set the mercy seat on the ark from above. [§]
vayikach vayitten et-haedut el-haaron vayyasem et-habaddim al-haaron vayitten et-hakapporet al-haaron milmalah.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'vayitten' means 'and he gave/put', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'haedut' means 'the testimony', 'el' means 'to/into', 'haaron' means 'the ark', 'vayyasem' means 'and he set/placed', 'habaddim' means 'the cherubim', 'al' means 'on', 'hakapporet' means 'the mercy seat' (the cover of the ark), 'milmalah' means 'from above' or 'on top'.
[EXO.40.21] He brought the Ark to the Tabernacle and placed the veil covering and spread it upon the Ark of testimony as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
vayyave et ha'aron el hamishkan vay-yasem et parokhet hammasach vay-yesech al aron ha'eduth ka'asher tzivvah Yahveh et Moshe.
'vayyave' means 'he brought', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'aron' means 'the Ark', 'el' means 'to', 'hamishkan' means 'the Tabernacle', 'vay-yasem' means 'and placed', 'parokhet' means 'covering', 'hammasach' means 'the veil', 'vay-yesech' means 'and spread', 'al' means 'upon', 'aron' means 'Ark', 'ha'eduth' means 'of testimony', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivvah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'Moshe' means 'Moses'.
[EXO.40.22] And he placed the table in the tent of meeting upon the north side of the sanctuary, outside the entrance. [§]
Vayyiten et-hashulchan be'ohél mo'ed al yerekh ha-mishkan tzaphon michutz la'parokhet.
'Vayyiten' means 'and he gave or placed', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'hashulchan' means 'the table', 'be'ohél' means 'in the tent', 'mo'ed' means 'of meeting', 'al' means 'upon', 'yerekh' means 'the side', 'ha-mishkan' means 'the sanctuary or tabernacle', 'tzaphon' means 'north', 'michutz' means 'outside', 'la'parokhet' means 'the entrance'.
[EXO.40.23] And he prepared for him a portion of bread before Yahveh, as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
Vayya'arekh alav erekh lechem lifnei Yahveh ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et Moshe.
'Vayya'arekh' means 'and he prepared/arranged', 'alav' means 'upon him/for him', 'erekh' means 'portion' or 'portion of food', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', and 'et Moshe' means 'Moses' (the object marker 'et' is not rendered in English).
[EXO.40.24] And he placed the lamp in the tent of meeting opposite the table on the side of the sanctuary at the far end. [§]
vayasem et hamnerah be ohel moed nokhach hashulchan al yerekh hamishkan negvah.
'vayasem' means 'and he placed', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'hamnerah' means 'the lamp', 'be' means 'in', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'meeting' (the tent of meeting), 'nokhach' means 'opposite', 'hashulchan' means 'the table', 'al' means 'on', 'yerekh' means 'the side', 'hamishkan' means 'the sanctuary' (the dwelling place), 'negvah' means 'at the far end' or 'on the far side'.
[EXO.40.25] And the lamps went up before Yahveh, as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
vayya'al ha-nerot lifnei Yahveh ka'asher tzivah Yahveh et-Moshe.
'vayya'al' means 'and (he) went up', 'ha-nerot' means 'the lamps', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', 'et-Moshe' means 'Moses' (direct object marker).
[EXO.40.26] And he placed the gold altar in the tent of meeting before the curtain. [§]
Vayyasem et mizbach hazahav be'ohel moed lifnei ha-parochet.
'Vayyasem' means 'and he placed', 'et' is a direct object marker often left untranslated, 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'hazahav' means 'the gold', 'be'ohel' means 'in the tent', 'moed' means 'meeting' (as in the Tent of Meeting), 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ha-parochet' means 'the curtain' (the veil separating the holy areas).
[EXO.40.27] And he offered upon him incense of spices, as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
vayakter alav ketoret samim kaasher tzivah Yahveh et-Moshe.
'vayakter' means 'and he offered', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'ketoret' means 'incense', 'samim' means 'spices', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'et-Moshe' means 'Moses', the final 'pe' is a textual marker.
[EXO.40.28] And he placed the veil of the entrance for the tabernacle. [§]
Vayyashem et-masach ha-petach la-mishkan.
'Vayyashem' means 'and he placed', 'et' is a direct‑object marker that has no English equivalent, 'masach' means 'veil', 'ha-petach' means 'the entrance', 'la-mishkan' means 'for the tabernacle'.
[EXO.40.29] And he set the altar of the burnt offering at the entrance of the tabernacle, the tent of meeting; and he lifted upon it the burnt offering and the grain offering, as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
ve'et mizbach haolah sam petach mishkan ohel moed vayya'al alav et haolah ve'et haminchah ke'asher tzivah Yahveh et Moshe.
've'et' means 'and the', 'mizbach' means 'altar', 'haolah' means 'the burnt offering', 'sam' means 'set/placed', 'petach' means 'entrance', 'mishkan' means 'tabernacle', 'ohel moed' means 'tent of meeting', 'vayya'al' means 'and he lifted/raised', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'et haolah' means 'the burnt offering', 've'et' means 'and the', 'haminchah' means 'grain offering', 'ke'asher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'He commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'et Moshe' means 'Moses'.
[EXO.40.30] And he placed the laver between the tent of meeting and the altar, and he put water there for washing. [§]
Vayyasem et-hakkiyor beyn-ohel moed uveyn hamizbeach vayitten sham mayim lerachtza.
'Vayyasem' means 'and he placed', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hakkiyor' means 'the laver', 'beyn' means 'between', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'meeting', 'uveyn' means 'and between', 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'vayitten' means 'and he put', 'sham' means 'there', 'mayim' means 'water', 'lerachtza' means 'for washing'.
[EXO.40.31] And Moses, Aaron, and his sons washed their hands and their feet. [§]
ve-rahachatsu mimenu Moshe ve-Aharon u-vanav et-yedeihem ve-et-ragleihem.
've' means 'and', 'rahachatsu' means 'wash (plural imperative)', 'mimenu' means 'themselves', 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 've' again means 'and', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'u-vanav' means 'and his sons', 'et-yedeihem' means 'their hands', 've-et' means 'and', 'ragleihem' means 'their feet'.
[EXO.40.32] When they came to the tent of meeting and with their offering to the altar they shall wash, as Yahveh commanded Moses. [§]
bevoam el ohel moed uvekarbatam el hamizbeach yirchatsu kaasher tzivah Yahveh et Moshe.
'bevoam' means 'when they came', 'el' means 'to', 'ohel' means 'tent', 'moed' means 'meeting', 'uvekarbatam' means 'and with their sacrifice/offering', 'el' means 'to', 'hamizbeach' means 'the altar', 'yirchatsu' means 'they shall wash', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'tzivah' means 'commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Moshe' means 'Moses'.
[EXO.40.33] And he set up the courtyard around the tabernacle and the altar, and he placed the curtain of the gate of the courtyard, and Moses finished the work. [§]
Vayakem et hachatzer saviv lamishkan ve lamizbeach vayiten et masach sha'ar hachatzer vayechal Moshe et hameleacha.
'Vayakem' means 'and he set up', 'et' is an object marker, 'hachatzer' means 'the courtyard', 'saviv' means 'around', 'lamishkan' means 'to the tabernacle', 've' means 'and', 'lamizbeach' means 'to the altar', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave/placed', 'masach' means 'curtain', 'sha'ar' means 'gate', 'vayechal' means 'and he finished', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'hameleacha' means 'the work' or 'the workmanship'.
[EXO.40.34] And the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of Yahveh filled the dwelling place. [§]
Vayekhas ha'anan et Ohel Mo'ed u'kavod Yahveh male et hamishkan.
'Vayekhas' means 'and covered', 'ha'anan' means 'the cloud', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Ohel Mo'ed' means 'the tent of meeting', 'u'kavod' means 'and the glory', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'male' means 'filled', the second 'et' again marks the object, and 'hamishkan' means 'the dwelling place' (the tabernacle).
[EXO.40.35] And Moses could not come to the Tent of Meeting because the cloud had settled upon it, and the glory of Yahveh filled the tabernacle. [§]
Ve'lo yakhol Moshe lavo el Ohel Mo'ed ki shachan alav he'anan ve'kavod Yahveh maleh et ha-mishkan.
'Ve'lo' means 'and not', 'yakhol' means 'could', 'Moshe' is the name Moses, 'lavo' means 'to come', 'el' means 'to/toward', 'Ohel Mo'ed' means 'Tent of Meeting', 'ki' means 'because', 'shachan' means 'dwelt' or 'settled', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'he'anan' means 'the cloud', 've'kavod' means 'and the glory', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'maleh' means 'filled', 'et' is the object marker, 'ha-mishkan' means 'the tabernacle' or 'the dwelling place'.
[EXO.40.36] And when the cloud rose from above the tabernacle, the children of Israel went in all their journeys. [§]
Uvehe'alot ha'anan me'al ha-mishkan yisu b'nei Yisrael bechol mase'ehhem.
'Uvehe'alot' means 'and in the rising/going up', 'ha'anan' means 'the cloud', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'ha-mishkan' means 'the dwelling (the sanctuary/tabernacle)', 'yisu' means 'they will travel/go', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'mase'ehhem' means 'their journeys'.
[EXO.40.37] And if the cloud does not rise, and they do not go forward until the day of its lifting. [§]
ve-im lo ye'aleh ha'anan ve'lo yisso'u ad yom ha'aloto.
've-im' means 'and if', 'lo' means 'not', 'ye'aleh' means 'will rise', 'ha\'anan' means 'the cloud', 've\'lo' means 'and not', 'yisso'u' means 'they will travel/go', 'ad' means 'until', 'yom' means 'day', 'ha\'aloto' means 'its lifting' (referring to the raising of the cloud).
[EXO.40.38] For a cloud of Yahveh will be over the dwelling place by day, and fire will be at night in it, in the sight of all the house of Israel throughout all their journeys. [§]
Ki anan Yahveh al hamishkan yomam ve-esh tihye layla bo le'einei kol beit-Yisrael bechol maseihem.
'Ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'anan' means 'cloud', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'al' means 'upon', 'hamishkan' means 'the dwelling place' (the tabernacle), 'yomam' means 'daytime', 've-esh' means 'and fire', 'tihye' means 'will be', 'layla' means 'night', 'bo' means 'in it', 'le'einei' means 'in the sight of' or 'to the eyes of', 'kol' means 'all', 'beit-Yisrael' means 'the house of Israel', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'maseihem' means 'their journeys' or 'their travels'.