AMO (Amos)
AMO.1 • AMO.2 • AMO.3 • AMO.4 • AMO.5 • AMO.6 • AMO.7 • AMO.8 • AMO.9
AMO.1
[AMO.1.1] The words of Amos, which were among the shepherds who struck, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah and in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake. [§]
Divrei Amos asher haya banokdim mitko'a asher chaza al-Israel bimei Uzziyah melekh Yehudah uvimmei Yarb'am ben-yoash melekh Israel shenatayim lifnei ha-raash.
'Divrei' means 'the words', 'Amos' is the prophet's name, 'asher' means 'which', 'haya' means 'was', 'banokdim' means 'among the shepherds', 'mitko'a' means 'who struck' or 'who sounded', 'chaza' means 'saw', 'al' means 'concerning', 'Israel' is the nation, 'bimei' means 'in the days of', 'Uzziyah' is the name of the king of Judah, 'melekh' means 'king', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'uvimmei' means 'and in the days of', 'Yarb'am' means 'Jeroboam', 'ben-yoash' means 'son of Joash', 'shena-tayim' means 'two years', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'ha-raash' means 'the earthquake'.
[AMO.1.2] And Yahveh said, from Zion he will utter, and from Jerusalem he will give his voice; the flocks of the shepherds will be weakened, and the head of the vineyard will be dried. [§]
vayomar Yahveh mitziyon yishag u-mirushalam yiten qolo ve-avlu neot ha-ro'im ve-yavesh rosh ha-karmel.
'vayomar' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mitziyon' means 'from Zion', 'yishag' means 'will utter' or 'will speak', 'u-mirushalam' means 'and from Jerusalem', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'qolo' means 'His voice', 've-avlu' means 'and they will be dimmed/weak', 'neot' means 'flocks', 'ha-ro'im' means 'the shepherds', 've-yavesh' means 'and will dry', 'rosh' means 'head', 'ha-karmel' means 'the vineyard' (or 'the Carmel hill'). The verse poetically describes Yahveh speaking from Zion and Jerusalem, causing the shepherds' flocks to become weak and the top of the vineyard to dry up.
[AMO.1.3] Thus says Yahveh concerning the three sins of Damascus and concerning the fourth I will not answer him concerning their dust in the iron furnaces of Gilead. [§]
Ko amar Yahveh al shelosha pishe Damascus ve'al arba'ah lo ashivenu al dusham ba charutzot habarzel et hagila'ad.
'Ko' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al' means 'concerning', 'shelosha' means 'three', 'pishe' means 'sins' (plural of transgression), 'Damascus' is the city name, 've'al' means 'and concerning', 'arba'ah' means 'four', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashivenu' means 'I will answer him' (negated here as 'I will not answer him'), 'dusham' means 'their defilement' or 'their dust', 'ba' means 'in the', 'charutzot' means 'furnaces' or 'smelting pits', 'habarzel' means 'the iron', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'hagila'ad' means 'the Gilead'.
[AMO.1.4] And I will send fire into the house of Chazael, and it will devour the arms of the son of Hadad. [§]
ve shilachti esh be beit Chazael ve achalah armonot ben Hadad.
've' means 'and', 'shilachti' means 'I will send', 'esh' means 'fire', 'be' means 'in' (the construct form), 'beit' means 'house of', 'Chazael' is a proper name, 've' means 'and', 'achalah' means 'it will devour' or 'it will eat', 'armonot' means 'arms' or 'limbs', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Hadad' is a proper name.
[AMO.1.5] And I will break the breach of Damascus, and I will cut off the inhabitant from the valley of iniquity, and I will support the scepter from the house of Eden, and the people of Aram will be humbled, says Yahveh. [§]
veshavarti beriach dammesek vehikhrati yoshev mi-biqa'at aven ve-tomekh shevet mi-bet eden ve-galu am-aram qirah amar Yahveh.
've' means 'and', 'shavarti' means 'I will break', 'beriach' means 'the breach/fissure', 'dammesek' is the city name Damascus, 'vehikhrati' means 'and I will cut off', 'yoshev' means 'the inhabitant', 'mi-biqa\'at aven' means 'from the valley of iniquity', 've-tomekh' means 'and I will support/strengthen', 'shevet' means 'the staff or scepter', 'mi-bet eden' means 'from the house of Eden', 've-galu' means 'and they will fall', 'am-aram' means 'the people of Aram', 'qirah' means 'will be humbled or humbled', 'amar' means 'says', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[AMO.1.6] Thus says Yahveh concerning three sins of Azah, and concerning four I will not answer him about their exile; a complete exile to be handed over to Edom. [§]
Koh amar Yahveh al shelosha pishei azah ve'al arbaah lo ashivenu al hagalotam galut shlemah lesaggir le'edom.
'Koh' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al' means 'concerning', 'shelosha' means 'three', 'pish'ei' means 'sins of', 'azah' is a proper name, 've'al' means 'and concerning', 'arba'ah' means 'four', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashivenu' means 'I will answer him' (here used in the negative sense 'I will not answer him'), 'al' again means 'concerning', 'hagalotam' means 'their exiles', 'galut' means 'exile', 'shlemah' means 'complete' or 'whole', 'lesaggir' means 'to hand over', 'le'edom' means 'to Edom'.
[AMO.1.7] And I sent fire into the wall of Azza, and it consumed her towers. [§]
ve-shilachti esh bechomat azza ve-achala armnoteyha.
've' means 'and', 'shilachti' means 'I sent', 'esh' means 'fire', 'bechomat' means 'in the wall of', 'azza' is a proper name (a city or stronghold), 've' again means 'and', 'achala' means 'it ate/consumed', 'armnoteyha' means 'her towers' or 'her lofty structures'.
[AMO.1.8] And I will cut off the dweller from Ashdod and the support staff from Ashkelon, and I will bring back my hand upon the ridge, and they will be lost the remnant of the Philistines, says my Lord Yahveh. [§]
vehi'krati yoshev meashdod vetomekh shevet meashkelon vhashivoti yadi al eqron veavdu she'erit pelishtim amar adonai Yahveh.
'vehi'krati' means 'and I will cut off', 'yoshev' means 'the dweller', 'meashdod' means 'from Ashdod', 'vetomekh' means 'and the support', 'shevet' means 'the staff', 'meashkelon' means 'from Ashkelon', 'vhashivoti' means 'and I will bring back', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'al' means 'upon', 'eqron' means 'the ridge', 'veavdu' means 'and they will be lost', 'she'erit' means 'the remnant', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'amar' means 'said', 'adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH.
[AMO.1.9] Thus says Yahveh concerning three sins of the enemy, and concerning four I will not answer him; concerning their sealing, a complete exile to Edom, and they did not remember the covenant of brothers. [§]
Ko amar Yahveh al shlosha pishe'ei tzor ve al arba'a lo ashivenu al hasgiram galut shlema leedom velo zachru berit achim.
'Ko' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'al' means 'concerning' or 'against', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'pishe'ei' means 'sins' or 'transgressions', 'tzor' means 'enemy' or 'rock', here taken as 'enemy', 've' means 'and', 'arba'a' means 'four', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashivenu' means 'I will answer him' (first person singular), 'hasgiram' means 'the sealing' or 'the closing', 'galut' means 'exile', 'shlema' means 'complete' or 'full', 'leedom' means 'to Edom', 'velo' means 'and not', 'zachru' means 'they remembered', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'achim' means 'brothers' or 'kinsmen'.
[AMO.1.10] And I will send fire in the wall of Tyre, and it will devour her towers. [§]
ve'shilachti esh bechomat tzor ve'achalah armnoteyha.
"ve'shilachti" means "and I will send", "esh" means "fire", "bechomat" means "in the wall of", "tzor" means "Tyre (the city)", "ve'achalah" means "and it will devour", "armnoteyha" means "her towers" or "her palaces".
[AMO.1.11] Thus says Yahveh concerning the three sins of Edom and concerning the fourth I will not answer him concerning his pursuit by the sword of his brother and to corrupt his compassion, and He will be angry forever and his iniquity will be kept forever. [§]
Ko amar Yahveh al shlosha pish'ei Edom ve'al arba'a lo ashivennu al radfo bacherev achiv ve'shichat rachamav vayitrof la'ad apo ve'evrato shemara netzach.
'Ko' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'al' means 'concerning' or 'about', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'pish'ei' means 'sins' (plural construct form), 'Edom' is the name of the nation Edom, 've'al' means 'and concerning', 'arba'a' means 'fourth', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashivennu' means 'I will answer him' or 'I will recompense him', 'al' again means 'concerning', 'radfo' means 'his pursuit' or 'his chasing', 'bacherev' means 'by the sword', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 've'shichat' means 'and to corrupt' or 'and to spoil', 'rachamav' means 'his compassion' or 'his mercy', 'vayitrof' means 'and He will be inflamed' or 'and He will be angry', 'la'ad' means 'forever', 'apo' means 'his anger', 've'evrato' means 'and his iniquity', 'shemara' means 'will be kept' or 'will be preserved', 'netzach' means 'everlasting' or 'forever'.
[AMO.1.12] And I will send fire in the south, and it shall eat the strongholds in Batzrah. [§]
ve-shilachti esh be-Teiman ve-achalah armnot ba-tzrah.
've' means 'and', 'shilachti' means 'I sent' (future), 'esh' means 'fire', 'be-Teiman' means 'in the south', 've' again means 'and', 'achalah' means 'shall eat' (future), 'armnot' means 'strongholds' or 'palaces', 'ba-tzrah' means 'in Batzrah' (a place name).
[AMO.1.13] Thus says Yahveh concerning three transgressions of the children of Ammon and concerning four I will not answer them concerning their valley of the pits of Gilead for the purpose of broadening their border. [§]
Ko amar Yahveh al shlosha pish'ei b'nei Ammon ve'al arba'a lo ashibenu al bik'am harot hagila'ad lemana harichiv et gevulam.
'Ko' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'al' means 'concerning', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'pish'ei' means 'transgressions', 'b'nei' means 'children of', 'Ammon' is the name of the nation, 've'al' means 'and concerning', 'arba'a' means 'four', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashibenu' means 'I will answer them', 'al' again means 'concerning', 'bik'am' means 'their valley', 'harot' means 'the pits', 'hagila'ad' means 'of Gilead', 'lemana' means 'for the purpose of', 'harichiv' means 'to broaden', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'gevulam' means 'their border'.
[AMO.1.14] And I will set fire in the great wall, and its towers shall be devoured in a tumult on the day of battle, in a storm on the day of storm. [§]
ve-hitzatti esh be-chomat rabbah ve-ochlah armnoteiha bi-trua be-yom milchah be-saar be-yom supah.
've' means 'and', 'hitzatti' means 'I will set' (from the root meaning to kindle), 'esh' means 'fire', 'be' means 'in', 'chomat' means 'the wall', 'rabbah' means 'great' or 'large', 've' again means 'and', 'ochlah' means 'will devour' (from the verb 'to eat'), 'armnoteiha' means 'its towers' (armon = tower, -ei- = construct state, -ha = her/its), 'bi' means 'in', 'trua' means 'shout' or 'tumult', 'be-yom' means 'on the day', 'milchah' means 'battle', 'be-saar' means 'in a storm' (saar = storm), 'be-yom' again 'on the day', 'supah' means 'storm' or 'tempest'.
[AMO.1.15] And their king went into exile, he and his princes together, says Yahveh. [§]
vehalach malekam bagolah hu vesarav yachdav amar Yahveh.
'vehalach' means 'and he went', 'malekam' means 'their king', 'bagolah' means 'in exile', 'hu' means 'he', 'vesarav' means 'and his princes', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the Tetragrammaton YHWH, and 'pe' is a textual marker indicating a paragraph break, which is not part of the spoken text.
AMO.2
[AMO.2.1] Thus says Yahveh concerning the three sins of Moab, and concerning the fourth I will not answer, concerning his burning the bones of the king of Edom for mockery. [§]
Ko amar Yahveh al shlosha pish'ei Moab ve al arba'ah lo ashivennu al sarfo atzmot melekh Edom lash-sid.
'Ko' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'al' means 'concerning' or 'against', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'pish'ei' means 'sins of', 'Moab' is the name of the nation Moab, 've' means 'and', 'arba'ah' means 'four', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashivennu' means 'I will answer/return', 'sarfo' means 'he burned', 'atzmot' means 'bones', 'melekh' means 'king', 'Edom' is the name Edom, 'lash-sid' means 'for mockery' (sid as a root for scorn or ridicule).
[AMO.2.2] And I will send fire in Moab, and it will devour the heights of the Kriyyot, and it will die in Shaon Moab with a shout, by the sound of a trumpet. [§]
Ve shillachti esh beMoav ve achlah armnot haKriyyot umet beShaon Moav bitruah beqol shofar.
'Ve' means 'and', 'shillachti' means 'I will send', 'esh' means 'fire', 'beMoav' means 'in Moab', 've' again means 'and', 'achlah' means 'it will devour', 'armnot' means 'the heights' or 'high places', 'haKriyyot' is a proper name meaning 'the Kriyyot', 'u' means 'and', 'met' means 'it will die', 'beShaon' means 'in Shaon', 'Moav' again 'Moab', 'bi' means 'with', 'truah' means 'a sounding' or 'a shout', 'beqol' means 'by the sound of', 'shofar' means 'a trumpet'.
[AMO.2.3] And I will cut off the judge from her midst, and I will kill all her princes with him, says Yahveh. [§]
vehihrati shofet miqirbah vekhol-sareha eherog immo amar Yahveh.
'vehihrati' means 'I will cut off', 'shofet' means 'judge', 'miqirbah' means 'from her midst', 'vekhol-sareha' means 'and all her princes', 'eherog' means 'I will kill', 'immo' means 'with him', 'amar' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[AMO.2.4] Thus says Yahveh concerning the three transgressions of Judah and concerning the fourth I will not answer him concerning their contempt of the law of Yahveh and his statutes they did not keep and they were led astray after their idols that their fathers followed after them. [§]
Ko amar Yahveh al-shelosha pischei Yehudah ve'al-arba'ah lo ashivenu al-maasam et-torat Yahveh vechukav lo shamru vayatum kizvehem asher halchu avotam achareiem.
'Ko' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'al' means 'concerning' or 'against', 'shelosha' means 'three', 'pischei' means 'sins' or 'transgressions', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 've'al' means 'and concerning', 'arba'ah' means 'four', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashivenu' means 'I will answer him' (here idiomatically 'I will not answer'), 'al' again 'concerning', 'maasam' means 'their oppression' or 'their contempt', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'torat' means 'the law of', 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'vechukav' means 'and his statutes', 'lo' again 'not', 'shamru' means 'they kept' or 'they observed', 'vayat'um' means 'and they were led astray', 'kizvehem' means 'after their idols', 'asher' means 'that', 'halchu' means 'they went', 'avotam' means 'their fathers', 'achareiem' means 'after them' or 'behind them'.
[AMO.2.5] And I will send fire in Judah, and it will consume the palaces of Jerusalem. [§]
ve-shillachti esh bi-yhudah ve-akhlah armnot yerushalayim.
've' means 'and', 'shillachti' means 'I will send', 'esh' means 'fire', 'bi-yhudah' means 'in Judah', 've' means 'and', 'akhlah' means 'it will consume' or 'it will eat', 'armnot' is the plural of 'armon' meaning 'palace' so 'palaces', 'yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem'.
[AMO.2.6] Thus says Yahveh concerning three sins of Israel, and concerning the fourth I will not answer them regarding their purchase with silver, the righteous and the poor for shoes. [§]
Koh amar Yahveh al-shlosha pish'ei Yisrael ve'al arba'ah lo ashivenu al-mikram ba-kesef tzadik ve-evyon ba'avur na'alayim.
'Koh' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al' means 'concerning', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'pish'ei' means 'sins of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've'al' means 'and concerning', 'arba'ah' means 'four', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashivenu' means 'will I answer them', 'al-mikram' means 'regarding their purchase', 'ba-kesef' means 'with silver', 'tzadik' means 'the righteous', 've-evyon' means 'and the poor', 'ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'na'alayim' means 'shoes'.
[AMO.2.7] The proud are on the dust of the earth, upon the heads of the poor, and they bend the way of the humble, and a man and his father will go to the maiden for the purpose of profaning my holy name. [§]
hashophim al afar eretz be-rosh dalim ve-derekh anavim yatu ve-ish ve-aviv yelchu el ha-na'arah lema'an chalel et shem kodeshi.
'hashophim' means 'the proud', 'al' means 'on', 'afar' means 'dust', 'eretz' means 'earth', 'be-rosh' means 'upon the head of', 'dalim' means 'the poor', 've-derekh' means 'and the way', 'anavim' means 'of the humble', 'yatu' means 'they bend', 've-ish' means 'and a man', 've-aviv' means 'and his father', 'yelchu' means 'will go', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-na'arah' means 'the maiden', 'lema'an' means 'for the purpose of', 'chalel' means 'to profane', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'shem' means 'name', 'kodeshi' means 'my holy'.
[AMO.2.8] And upon torn garments they will cast beside every altar, and wine punishments they will drink in the house of their the Gods. [§]
ve'al begadim chavulim yattu etsel kol mizbeach ve-yayin anushim yishtu beit elohiehhem.
've'al' means 'and upon', 'begadim' means 'garments', 'chavulim' means 'torn', 'yattu' means 'they will cast/throw', 'etsel' means 'beside', 'kol' means 'every', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 've-yayin' means 'and wine', 'anushim' means 'punishments' (plural), 'yishtu' means 'they will drink', 'beit' means 'house', 'elohiehhem' means 'their the Gods' (the word 'Elohim' rendered as 'the Gods' and the suffix '-hem' adds 'their').
[AMO.2.9] And I destroyed the Amorite before them, who was as tall as cedars, its height, and it was sturdy as oaks; and I will eradicate its fruit from above and its roots from below. [§]
Ve-anokhi hishmadti et-ha'amori mip'neihem asher ke-gova aratzim gavoho ve-chason hu ka-allonim va-ashmid piryo mimma'al ve-sharashav mitachat.
'Ve' means 'and', 'anokhi' means 'I', 'hishmadti' means 'destroyed', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'amori' means 'the Amorite', 'mip'neihem' means 'before them', 'asher' means 'who', 'ke' means 'as', 'gova' means 'tall', 'aratzim' means 'cedars', 'gavoho' means 'its height', 've' means 'and', 'chason' means 'sturdy', 'hu' means 'it', 'ka' means 'as', 'allonim' means 'oaks', 'va' means 'and', 'ashmid' means 'I will destroy/eradicate', 'piryo' means 'its fruit', 'mimma'al' means 'from above', 've' means 'and', 'sharashav' means 'its roots', 'mitachat' means 'from below'.
[AMO.2.10] And I brought you out from the land of Egypt and led you through the wilderness for forty years to possess the land of the Amorite. [§]
ve'anochi he'eleti etchem me'eretz Mitzrayim va'olech etchem ba-midbar arba'im shana la'reshe et eretz ha'Amori.
've'anochi' means 'and I', 'he'eleti' means 'brought up/out', 'etcham' means 'you (pl.)', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'va'olech' means 'and I led', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'shana' means 'years', 'la'reshe' means 'to possess', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'eretz ha'Amori' means 'the land of the Amorite'.
[AMO.2.11] And I will raise up from among your sons prophets, and from among your youths priests; indeed there is none like this among the children of Israel, says Yahveh. [§]
Va'akeem mib'neichem lin'vi'im u'mivachureichem lin'zirim ha'af ein zot b'nei Yisrael ne'um Yahveh.
"Va'akeem' means 'and I will raise', 'mib'neichem' means 'from your sons', 'lin'vi'im' means 'to prophets', 'u' means 'and', 'mivachureichem' means 'from your youths', 'lin'zirim' means 'to priests', 'ha'af' means 'indeed', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'zot' means 'this', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel', 'ne'um Yahveh' means 'says Yahveh'.
[AMO.2.12] And you gave wine to the Nazirite ones, and on the prophets you commanded, saying, 'Do not prophesy.' [§]
Va-tashkeu et hanetzirim yayin ve al hanveiiym tzivittem leemor lo tinavu.
'Va-tashkeu' means 'and you gave drink', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'hanetzirim' means 'the Nazirite ones', 'yayin' means 'wine', 've' means 'and', 'al' means 'upon' or 'on', 'hanveiiym' means 'the prophets', 'tzivittem' means 'you commanded', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'lo' means 'not', 'tinavu' means 'you will prophesy'.
[AMO.2.13] Behold, I will bring down beneath you as you would lift the wheel that is full of grain. [§]
Hinneh anokhi mee'ik tachteichem ke'asher ta'ik ha'agala hamle'ah lah amir.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'anokhi' means 'I', 'mee'ik' (from the root 'ʿaq') is rendered here as 'I will bring down' or 'I will raise', 'tachteichem' means 'under you (plural)', 'ke'asher' means 'as', 'ta'ik' means 'you would lift', 'ha'agala' means 'the wheel', 'hamle'ah' means 'that is full', 'lah' means 'for it', 'amir' means 'grain'. The phrase compares the action to lifting a wheel filled with grain.
[AMO.2.14] And the refuge from the bow will be lost, and the strong will not strengthen his strength, and the mighty will not save his soul. [§]
ve-avad manos miqal ve-chazak lo-yimaetz koho ve-gibor lo-yimallet nafsho.
've-avad' means 'and [he] will perish', 'manos' means 'refuge' or 'shelter', 'miqal' means 'from the bow' (a metaphor for danger), 've-chazak' means 'and strong', 'lo-yimaetz' means 'will not strengthen' (literally 'will not harden'), 'koho' means 'his strength', 've-gibor' means 'and the mighty', 'lo-yimallet' means 'will not save' (literally 'will not deliver'), 'nafsho' means 'his soul'.
[AMO.2.15] And the crusher of the rock will not stand, and light in his feet will not save, and the rider of the horse will not save his soul. [§]
Vetofes haqeshet lo yaamod ve kal beraglav lo yemaleet verochev hasus lo yemaleet nafsho.
'Ve' means 'and', 'tofes' means 'crushes' (one who crushes), 'haqeshet' means 'the rock', 'lo' means 'not', 'yaamod' means 'will stand', 've' means 'and', 'kal' means 'light' or 'lightness', 'beraglav' means 'in his feet', 'lo' means 'not', 'yemaleet' means 'will save', 've' means 'and', 'rochev' means 'rider', 'hasus' means 'the horse', 'lo' means 'not', 'yemaleet' means 'will save', 'nafsho' means 'his soul'.
[AMO.2.16] And he will strengthen his heart among the mighty, the exalted will flee on that day, says Yahveh. [§]
ve'ammits libo bagivorim arom yanus bayom ha-hu ne'um Yahveh.
've'ammits' means 'and (he) will strengthen', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'bagivorim' means 'among the mighty', 'arom' means 'exalted' or 'high', 'yanus' means 'will flee', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'ne'um' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH (the divine name).
AMO.3
[AMO.3.1] Hear this word that Yahveh spoke concerning you, children of Israel, concerning all the family that I have brought up from the land of Egypt, to say. [§]
Shema'u et ha-davar ha-zeh asher diber Yahveh aleichem b'nei Yisrael al kol ha-mishpachah asher he'eleiti me'eretz Mitzrayim le'emor.
'Shema'u' means 'hear', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha-davar' means 'the word', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'aleichem' means 'upon you', 'b'nei' means 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'al' means 'about/on', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-mishpachah' means 'the family/household', 'asher' again means 'which', 'he'eleiti' means 'I have brought up', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'le'emor' means 'to say'.
[AMO.3.2] Only you I have known from all the families of the earth; therefore I will punish you for all your sins. [§]
Rak etchem yadata mikol mishpachot ha'adamah al-ken efkod alechem et kol-avonotechem.
'Rak' means 'only', 'etchem' means 'you (plural direct object)', 'yadata' means 'I have known', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'mishpachot' means 'families', 'ha'adamah' means 'the earth', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'efkod' means 'I will punish', 'alechem' means 'upon you', 'et' is the accusative marker (not rendered in English), 'kol' means 'all', 'avonotechem' means 'your sins'.
[AMO.3.3] Will two walk together unless they stumble? [§]
Hayelchu shenayim yachdav bilti im-noadu.
'Hayelchu' means 'will they go/walk', 'shenayim' means 'two', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'bilti' means 'except' or 'unless', 'im' means 'if', 'noadu' means 'they stumble' or 'they are tripped'. The phrase forms a rhetorical question about two persons walking together only if they do not stumble.
[AMO.3.4] Will a lion wander in the forest, having no prey? Will a leopard give up its cry from its den, except if it is caught? [§]
Ha-yishag aryeh ba-ya'ar ve-teref ein lo ha-yiten kephir kolo mim'eonato bilti im-lakhd.
'Ha-yishag' means 'will it wander' or 'will it go astray', 'aryeh' means 'lion', 'ba-ya'ar' means 'in the forest', 've-teref' means 'and (there is) no prey', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'lo' means 'for it', 'ha-yiten' means 'will it give up' (from the root 'to give'), 'kephir' means 'leopard' (a panther), 'kolo' means 'its voice' or 'its cry', 'mim'eonato' means 'from its den' (literally 'from its shelter'), 'bilti' means 'except', 'im' means 'if', 'lakhd' means 'it is seized' or 'caught'.
[AMO.3.5] Will a bird fall on the ground and have no one to catch it? Will a worm rise from the earth and not be caught? [§]
Ha tifol tzipor al pach haaretz u-mokesh ein lah ha-ya'aleh pach min haadamah ve-lachod lo yilkod.
'Ha' is a particle meaning 'does' or 'will', 'tifol' means 'fall', 'tzipor' means 'bird', 'al' means 'on', 'pach' means 'soil' or 'ground', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'u-mokesh' means 'and there is no catcher', 'ein' means 'no', 'lah' means 'for it', 'ha-ya'aleh' means 'will rise', 'pach' again 'soil', 'min' means 'from', 'haadamah' means 'the ground', 've-lachod' means 'and will not be caught', 'lo' means 'not', 'yilkod' means 'be caught'.
[AMO.3.6] If a trumpet sounds in a city and the people are not terrified, if evil occurs in a city and Yahveh does not act. [§]
Im yittake shofar be'ir ve'am lo yecheradu im tihye ra'ah be'ir vYahveh lo asa.
'Im' means 'if', 'yittake' means 'will sound' (from the verb 'to blow' a trumpet), 'shofar' means 'trumpet', 'be'ir' means 'in a city', 've'am' means 'and the people', 'lo' means 'not', 'yecheradu' means 'will be terrified', 'im' means 'if', 'tihye' means 'will be' (future of 'to be'), 'ra'ah' means 'evil' or 'disaster', 'be'ir' again means 'in a city', 'vYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'lo' means 'not', 'asa' means 'did' or 'act'.
[AMO.3.7] For my Lord Yahveh will not do a thing except that He reveals His secret to His servants the prophets. [§]
Ki lo ya'ase Adonai Yahveh dvar ki im-galah sod-o el avadav ha-nevi'im.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'ya'ase' means 'will do', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'dvar' means 'thing', 'ki' means 'except', 'im' means 'if', 'galah' means 'reveal', 'sod-o' means 'His secret', 'el' means 'to', 'avadav' means 'His servants', 'ha-nevi'im' means 'the prophets'.
[AMO.3.8] Lion roars: who does not fear? My Lord Yahveh said, who does not prophesy? [§]
Aryeh shag mi lo yira Adonai Yahveh diber mi lo yinnabe.
'Aryeh' means 'lion', 'shag' means 'roars', 'mi' means 'who', 'lo' means 'not', 'yira' means 'fear' (in the sense of being afraid), 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'diber' means 'said' or 'spoke', and 'yinnabe' means 'prophesy' (to deliver a prophetic utterance).
[AMO.3.9] Listen to the armies in Ashdod and to the armies in the land of Egypt, and say they have gathered on the hills of Samaria; see great multitudes within it and transgressors in its midst. [§]
Hashmiyu al armenot beashdod ve'al armenot beeretz Mitzrayim veimru heesu al harei Shomron u'ru mehumot rabot betochah va'ashukim bekirbah.
'Hashmiyu' means 'listen' or 'give ear', 'al' means 'to' or 'against', 'armenot' means 'armies', 'beashdod' means 'in Ashdod', 've'al' means 'and to', 'beeretz' means 'in the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'veimru' means 'and they say', 'heesu' means 'they have gathered', 'harei' means 'the hills of', 'Shomron' means 'Samaria', 'u'ru' means 'and see', 'mehumot' means 'great multitudes', 'rabot' means 'great', 'betochah' means 'within it', 'va'ashukim' means 'and transgressors', 'bekirbah' means 'in its midst'.
[AMO.3.10] And they do not know how to do falsehood, says Yahveh; the oppressors practice violence and deceit in their chambers. [§]
ve lo yadu asot nekhokha neum Yahveh haotzrim chamas va shod bearmnotehem.
've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yadu' means 'they know', 'asot' means 'to do/make', 'nekhokha' means 'falsehood' or 'deceit', 'neum' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'haotzrim' means 'the oppressors' or 'those who keep', 'chamas' means 'violence', 'va' means 'and', 'shod' means 'deceit', 'bearmnotehem' means 'in their chambers' or 'in their inner places'.
[AMO.3.11] Therefore thus said my Lord Yahveh, Rock, and around the earth, and He will bring down from you your strength and your arms will be humbled. [§]
lachen koh amar Adonai Yahveh tzar usviv haaretz vehorid mimmekh uzekha venavozu armannotayikh.
'lachen' means 'therefore', 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'tzar' means 'rock', 'usviv' means 'around', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'vehorid' means 'and will bring down', 'mimmekh' means 'from you', 'uzekha' means 'your strength', 'venavozu' means 'and they will be humbled', 'armannotayikh' means 'your arms'.
[AMO.3.12] Thus said Yahveh: As the shepherd will save from the lion's mouth two keraim or with a broken ear, so the children of Israel who dwell in Samaria, in the midst of a bed and in darkness of a valley, will be saved. [§]
Koh amar Yahveh ka'asher yatsil ha-ro'eh mi-pi ha-ari shtei keraim o be-dal-ozan ken yinnatzlu b'nei Yisrael ha-yoshevím be-shomron bif'at mitah u-vidmeshek ares.
'Koh' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'yatsil' means 'will save', 'ha-ro'eh' means 'the shepherd', 'mi-pi' means 'from the mouth of', 'ha-ari' means 'the lion', 'shtei' means 'two', 'keraim' is an obscure term likely referring to a type of livestock or object, 'o' means 'or', 'be-dal-ozan' means 'with a broken ear', 'ken' means 'so', 'yinnatzlu' means 'they will be saved', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ha-yoshevím' means 'the dwellers', 'be-shomron' means 'in Samaria', 'bif'at' means 'in the midst of', 'mitah' means 'bed', 'u-vidmeshek' means 'and in darkness', 'ares' means 'valley' or 'low place'.
[AMO.3.13] Hear and give witness in the house of Jacob, says my Lord Yahveh, God of the armies. [§]
Shimu vehaidu bebeit Yaakov neum Adonai Yahveh Elohei haTzevaot.
'Shimu' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'vehaidu' means 'and give witness', 'bebeit' means 'in the house of', 'Yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'neum' means 'says', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form meaning 'God of', and 'haTzevaot' means 'the armies' or 'the hosts'.
[AMO.3.14] For on the day I will punish the sinners of Israel upon him, and I will punish the altars of the house of God, and the horns of the altar will be broken, and they will fall to the earth. [§]
Ki be-yom pakdi pish'ei Yisrael alav u-pakadti al-mizbechot beit-El v'nigde'u karnot ha-mizbeach v'naflu la-aretz.
'Ki' means 'for', 'be-yom' means 'on the day', 'pakdi' means 'I will punish', 'pish'ei' means 'the sinners', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'u-pakadti' means 'and I will punish', 'al' means 'upon', 'mizbechot' means 'altars', 'beit-El' means 'house of God', 'v'nigde'u' means 'and they will be broken', 'karnot' means 'horns', 'ha-mizbeach' means 'the altar', 'v'naflu' means 'and they will fall', 'la-aretz' means 'to the earth'.
[AMO.3.15] And I will strike the house of the winter upon the house of the summer, and the houses of the tooth shall be lost, and many houses shall be swept away, says Yahveh. [§]
ve-hiketi beit ha-choref al beit ha-kayitz ve-avdu batei ha-sen ve-safu batim rabbim ne'um-Yehovah
've-hiketi' means 'and I will strike', 'beit' means 'house', 'ha-choref' means 'the winter', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha-kayitz' means 'the summer', 've-avdu' means 'and they will be lost', 'batei' means 'houses', 'ha-sen' means 'the tooth' (literal meaning of the word), 've-safu' means 'and they will be swept', 'batim' means 'houses', 'rabbim' means 'many', 'ne'um-Yehovah' means 'says Yahveh', the literal translation of the divine name YHWH as instructed.
AMO.4
[AMO.4.1] Listen to this word: the young women of the wheat who are on the hill of Samaria, the oppressors of the poor, the trembling of the needy, those who say to their lords, bring it and let us drink. [§]
Shimu hadavar hazeh parot habashan asher behar Shomron ha'osheqot dalim ha'rotzot evyonim ha'ometer la'adoneihem habiaah venishthe.
'Shimu' means 'listen', 'hadavar' means 'the word' or 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'parot' means 'young women' (plural of 'parah'), 'habashan' means 'of the wheat' (bāshān can denote 'fat' or 'rich'), 'asher' means 'who/that', 'behar' means 'in the mountain', 'Shomron' is the name of a hill (Samaria), 'ha'osheqot' means 'the oppressors' (from the root that means to oppress), 'dalim' means 'the poor', 'ha'rotzot' means 'the trembling' or 'the shaking', 'evyonim' means 'the needy' or 'the poor', 'ha'ometer' means 'the ones who say', 'la'adoneihem' means 'to their lords' (Adonai is translated as 'my Lord', here used in the plural sense), 'habiaah' means 'bring it', and 'venishthe' means 'and let us drink'.
[AMO.4.2] I have sworn by my Lord Yahveh in his holiness, because behold, days are coming upon you, and I will lift you in skirts, and your end will be in cooking pots of stew. [§]
Nishba adoni Yahveh beqadsho ki hineh yamim ba'im aleichem venisaa etchem betzinot veacharitechen be-sirot duga.
"Nishba" means "I have sworn", "adoni" means "my Lord", "Yahveh" is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, "beqadsho" means "in his holy (one)", "ki" means "because", "hineh" means "behold", "yamim" means "days", "ba'im" means "are coming", "aleichem" means "upon you (plural)", "venisaa" means "and I will lift/raise", "etchem" means "you (plural)", "betzinot" means "in skirts or garments", "veacharitechen" means "and your end/final", "be-sirot duga" means "in cooking pots of stew".
[AMO.4.3] And broken pieces will go out, a woman before her, and I will cast the harp, says Yahveh. [§]
Upratzim tetz'ena isha negdah vehishlakt'na haharmona ne'um Yahveh.
'U' means 'and', 'pratzim' means 'broken pieces' or 'shattered ones', 'tetz'ena' is the future form of 'to go out' (feminine singular) meaning 'will go out', 'isha' means 'woman', 'negdah' means 'before her' or 'opposite her', 've' means 'and', 'hishlakt'na' is the first‑person singular prefix with a suffix meaning 'I will cast it', 'haharmona' is a noun meaning 'the harp' (literally 'the instrument of trembling'), 'ne''um' means 'says', and 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH.
[AMO.4.4] Come to the house of God and sin, multiply the wheel for sin, and bring your morning sacrifices for three days of your tithes. [§]
Bo'u beit El ufishu ha-gilgal harvu lifsho'a vehaviu laboker zivcheichem lishloshet yamim maaseroteichem.
'Bo'u' means 'Come' (imperative plural), 'beit' means 'house', 'El' means 'God', 'ufishu' means 'and sin', 'ha-gilgal' means 'the wheel', 'harvu' means 'multiply' (imperative), 'lifsho'a' means 'to sin', 'vehaviu' means 'and bring', 'laboker' means 'in the morning', 'zivcheichem' means 'your sacrifices', 'lishloshet' means 'for three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'maaseroteichem' means 'your tithes'.
[AMO.4.5] And cut from leaven thanksgiving and they will call the voluntary gifts, listen, for thus you loved the children of Israel, says my Lord Yahveh. [§]
vekater me chametz todah vekiru nedavot hashmiu ki ken ahavtem b'nei Yisrael ne'um my Lord Yahveh.
'vekater' means 'and cut' (the verb cut), 'me' means 'from', 'chametz' means 'leaven', 'todah' means 'thanks' or 'thanksgiving', 've'kiru' means 'and they will call', 'nedavot' means 'voluntary gifts' (free offerings), 'hashmiu' means 'listen' (imperative form of hear), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'ken' means 'thus', 'ahavtem' means 'you loved', 'b'nei' means 'sons of' or 'children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ne'um' means 'says' or 'declares', 'my Lord' is the literal translation of 'Adonai', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the Tetragrammaton YHVH.
[AMO.4.6] And also I gave you a pure two teeth in all your cities and a lack of bread in all your places, and you have not returned to me, declares Yahveh. [§]
vegam ani natati lakhem nikyon shinayim bechol areichem vechoser lechem bechol mekomeiteichem velo shavtem adai ne'um Yahveh.
"vegam" means "and also", "ani" means "I", "natati" means "I gave", "lakhem" means "to you (plural)", "nikyon" means "pure", "shinayim" means "two teeth", "bechol" means "in all", "areichem" means "your cities", "vechoser" means "and lack", "lechem" means "bread", "mekomeiteichem" means "your places", "velo" means "and not", "shavtem" means "you have returned", "adai" means "to me", "ne'um" means "declares", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH.
[AMO.4.7] And also I have withheld from you the rain while three months remain for the harvest, and I have caused rain on one city and on another city I will not cause rain; one portion will be rained upon and the portion that I will not rain upon will become dry. [§]
vegam anochi mana'ti minkem et-hageshem be'od shlosha chodashim lakatzir vehimtar'ti al-ir achat ve'al-ir achat lo amtir chelka achat timater vechelka asher-lo tamtir aleha tivash.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'anochi' means 'I', 'mana'ti' means 'have withheld', 'minkem' means 'from you', 'et-hageshem' means 'the rain', 'be'od' means 'while', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'chodashim' means 'months', 'lakatzir' means 'for the harvest', 'vehimtar'ti' means 'and I have caused rain', 'al-ir' means 'on city', 'achat' means 'one', 've'al-ir achat' means 'and on another city', 'lo' means 'not', 'amtir' means 'I will cause rain', 'chelka' means 'portion', 'achat' means 'one', 'timater' means 'will be rained upon', 'vechelka asher-lo tamtir' means 'and the portion that I will not cause rain', 'aleha' means 'upon it', 'tivash' means 'will become dry'.
[AMO.4.8] And they will go two or three cities to one city to drink water, and they will not be satisfied, and you will not return to me, declares Yahveh. [§]
ve-nau sh'tayim sha'losh arim el-ir ahat lishtot mayim ve-lo yisba'u ve-lo-shavtem adai ne'um-Yahveh.
've-nau' means 'and they will go', 'sh'tayim' means 'two', 'sha'losh' means 'three', the phrase 'sh'tayim sha'losh' is an idiom meaning 'two or three', 'arim' means 'cities', 'el-ir' means 'to a city', 'ahat' means 'one', 'lishtot' means 'to drink', 'mayim' means 'water', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yisba'u' means 'they will be satisfied', 've-lo-shavtem' means 'and you will not return', 'adai' means 'to me', 'ne'um' means 'declares', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[AMO.4.9] I smote you with the shiddafon and with the yerekon, many of your gardens and your vineyards and your figs and your olives the pest will eat, and you will not return to me declares Yahveh. [§]
hikketi etchem b'shiddafon uveyerakon harbote gannoteichem vecharmichem uteineichem vezeiteichem yochal hagazam ve'lo shavtem adai ne'um Yahveh.
'hikketi' means 'I smote', 'etchem' means 'you (plural) as object', 'b'shiddafon' means 'with the shiddafon', 'uveyerakon' means 'and with the yerekon', 'harbote' means 'many', 'gannoteichem' means 'your gardens', 'vecharmichem' means 'and your vineyards', 'uteineichem' means 'and your figs', 'vezeiteichem' means 'and your olives', 'yochal' means 'will eat', 'hagazam' means 'the pest', 've'lo shavtem' means 'and you will not return', 'adai' means 'to me', 'ne'um' means 'declares', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH.
[AMO.4.10] I sent upon you a plague on the way of Egypt; I killed with the sword your youths, with my captives your horses, and I will set fire to your camp and in your wrath, and you did not return to me, declares Yahveh. [§]
shillachti bachem dever be derekh Mitzrayim haragti baherev bachureichem im shevi suseichem va'aleh be'osh machaneichem uve'aphchem ve'lo shavtem adayi ne'um-Yahveh.
'shillachti' means 'I sent', 'bachem' means 'upon you (plural)', 'dever' means 'plague', 'be derekh' means 'in the way of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'haragti' means 'I killed', 'baherev' means 'with the sword', 'bachureichem' means 'your youths', 'im' means 'with', 'shevi' means 'my captives', 'suseichem' means 'your horses', 'va'aleh' means 'and I will bring up/raise', 'be'osh' means 'by fire', 'machaneichem' means 'your camp', 'uve'aphchem' means 'and in your wrath', 've'lo shavtem' means 'and you did not return', 'adayi' means 'against me', and 'ne'um-Yahveh' means 'the word of Yahveh' (YHVH translated as Yahveh).
[AMO.4.11] I have turned you like the turning of the Gods over Sodom and Gomorrah, and you became like a coal escaped from the fire, and you have not returned to me says Yahveh. [§]
Hafakhti bakhem ke'mehapekhat Elohim et Sedom ve et Amorah vatiheyu ke'ud mutsal misharepha velo shavtem adai neum Yahveh.
'Hafakhti' means 'I have turned', 'bakhem' means 'you (plural)', 'ke'mehapekhat' means 'like the turning of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'et' is the accusative marker (no translation), 'Sedom' means 'Sodom', 've' means 'and', 'Amorah' means 'Gomorrah', 'vatiheyu' means 'they became', 'ke'ud' means 'like a coal', 'mutsal' means 'escaped', 'misharepha' means 'from the fire', 'velo' means 'and not', 'shavtem' means 'you have returned', 'adai' means 'to me', 'neum' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[AMO.4.12] Therefore thus I will do for you, Israel, because this I will do for you, prepare for the meeting of your Gods, Israel. [§]
lachen koh e'eseh lecha Yisrael ekev ki zot e'eseh lach hikohn likrat Eloheicha Yisrael.
'lachen' means 'therefore', 'koh' means 'thus', 'e'eseh' means 'I will do', 'lecha' means 'for you' (masculine), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ekev' means 'because', 'ki' means 'that', 'zot' means 'this', 'lach' means 'for you' (feminine form but same meaning), 'hikohn' means 'prepare', 'likrat' means 'for the meeting of', 'Eloheicha' is the form of 'Elohim' meaning 'your Gods' (literal translation of the divine name), and the final 'Yisrael' repeats 'Israel'.
[AMO.4.13] For behold the Creator of the mountains and the Maker of wind and the One who declares to man his joy, who makes the dawn of the eagle and walks upon the foundations of the earth, Yahveh God of armies, his name. [§]
Ki hineh yotzer harim u'vore roach u'magid l'adam mah-secho asheh s'char eifah vadorach al-bamotai aretz Yahveh Elohei tzevaot shmo.
'Ki' means 'for', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'yotzer' means 'creator', 'harim' means 'mountains', 'u'vore' means 'and creates', 'roach' means 'wind', 'u'magid' means 'and declares', 'l'adam' means 'to man', 'mah-secho' means 'what is his joy/mirth', 'asheh' means 'who makes', 's'char' means 'dawn', 'eifah' means 'eagle', 'vadorach' means 'and walks', 'al-bamotai' means 'on the foundations/paths', 'aretz' means 'of the earth', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'God of', 'tzevaot' means 'hosts/armies', 'shmo' means 'his name'.
AMO.5
[AMO.5.1] Hear this word that Yahveh am bringing upon you, a lament, O house of Israel. [§]
Shimu et-hadavar hazeh asher anochi noseh aleichem kina beit Yisrael.
'Shimu' means 'Hear', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'hadavar' means 'the word', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'anochi' means 'I' (the speaker, Yahveh), 'noseh' means 'am bearing/bringing', 'aleichem' means 'upon you', 'kina' means 'a lament', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'. The pronoun 'I' refers to God, so it is rendered as the literal name 'Yahveh'.
[AMO.5.2] She fell and will not rise again, the virgin of Israel is abandoned on her ground; there is none who will raise her. [§]
Nafla lo tosif kum betulat Yisrael nittsha al admatah ein mekima.
'Nafla' means 'fell', 'lo' means 'not', 'tosif' means 'will add' or 'continue', 'kum' means 'rise', 'betulat' means 'of the virgin', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'nittsha' means 'abandoned', 'al' means 'upon', 'admatah' means 'her ground', 'ein' means 'there is none', 'mekima' means 'who raises (her)'.
[AMO.5.3] Because thus says my Lord Yahveh, the city that goes out will leave a thousand, keep a hundred; and the city that goes out a hundred will keep ten for the house of Israel. [§]
Ki ko amar Adonai Yahveh ha'ir hayotzet elef tasha'ir mea ve-hayotzet mea tasha'ir asarah leveit Yisrael.
'Ki' means 'because', 'ko' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'hayotzet' means 'that goes out' or 'that departs', 'elef' means 'a thousand', 'tasha'ir' means 'will leave' or 'will keep', 'mea' means 'a hundred', 'asharah' means 'ten', 'leveit' means 'for the house of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[AMO.5.4] For thus says Yahveh to the house of Israel, Seek me and live. [§]
Ki ko amar Yahveh lebeit Yisrael dirshuni vichyu.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ko' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'lebeit' means 'to the house of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'dirshuni' means 'seek me', 'vichyu' means 'and live'.
[AMO.5.5] And do not seek the house of God, and you shall not go to the rolling stone, and you shall not cross the well of seven, because the rolling stone will roll away and the house of God will be forever. [§]
ve'al tidreshu beit-el ve hagilgal lo tavo uve'er sheva lo ta'avoru ki ha-gilgal galo yiglih u-beit-el yihyeh le aven.
've'al' means 'and not', 'tidreshu' means 'you shall seek', 'beit-el' means 'house of God' (El translated as God), 've' is 'and', 'hagilgal' means 'the rolling stone' (Gilgal is a proper name meaning rolling stone), 'lo' means 'not', 'tavo' means 'you shall go/enter', 'uve'er' means 'and the well', 'sheva' means 'seven', so 'be'er sheva' is 'well of seven', 'ta'avoru' means 'you shall cross', 'ki' means 'because', 'galo' means 'rolls', 'yiglih' means 'will roll away', 'u-beit-el' means 'and the house of God', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'le aven' means 'forever/eternally'.
[AMO.5.6] Seek Yahveh and live, lest it blaze like fire the house of Joseph and it devour, and there is no one to extinguish for the house of God. [§]
Dirshu et Yahveh vi-chiu pen yitzlach ka-esh beit Yosef ve-achla ve-eyn mekaveh lebeit El.
'Dirshu' means 'seek' (imperative plural), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'vi-chiu' means 'and live', 'pen' means 'lest' or 'in case', 'yitzlach' means 'it will blaze' or 'burn', 'ka-esh' means 'like fire', 'beit' means 'house of', 'Yosef' is the proper name Joseph, 've-achla' means 'and it will devour/eat', 've-eyn' means 'and there is no', 'mekaveh' is from the root 'kavah' meaning 'to extinguish', 'lebeit' means 'for the house of', and 'El' is translated as 'God'. The phrase 'beit El' therefore becomes 'house of God'.
[AMO.5.7] The ones who overturn [justice] for the poor, and righteousness for the earth, they will allow. [§]
hahofchim lela'ana mishpat u tzedakah la'aretz hinnichu.
'hahofchim' means 'the ones who overturn' (or 'those who judge'), 'lela'ana' means 'to the poor', 'mishpat' means 'justice' or 'judgment', 'u tzedakah' means 'and righteousness', 'la'aretz' means 'to the earth', 'hinnichu' means 'they will allow' or 'they will cause'.
[AMO.5.8] Maker as a fool and he turns the morning into death-shadow and the day into night; the one who calls the waters of the sea and pours them upon the face of the earth, Yahveh his name. [§]
Oseh kimah uksil vehopech laboker tzalmavet ve yom layla hechesich hakore lemei-hayam vayishpchem al-penei haaretz Yahveh shmo.
'Oseh' means 'maker' or 'one who does'; 'kimah' means 'as' or 'like'; 'uksil' means 'and a fool'; 'vehopech' means 'and turns'; 'laboker' means 'to the morning'; 'tzalmavet' means 'death-shadow' (darkness of death); 've' means 'and'; 'yom' means 'day'; 'layla' means 'night'; 'hechesich' means 'makes dark' or 'darkens'; 'hakore' means 'the one who calls'; 'lemei-hayam' means 'to the waters of the sea'; 'vayishpchem' means 'and He poured them'; 'al-penei' means 'upon the face of'; 'haaretz' means 'the earth'; 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH; 'shmo' means 'his name'.
[AMO.5.9] The one who brings plunder upon the strong, and plunder upon the fortified will come. [§]
ha-mavlig shod al-az ve-shod al-mivtzar yavo.
'ha-mavlig' means 'the one who brings' or 'the oppressor', 'shod' means 'plunder' or 'robbery', 'al' means 'upon' or 'against', 'az' means 'strength' or 'the strong', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'mivtzar' means 'fortified place' or 'stronghold', 'yavo' means 'will come' or 'shall come'.
[AMO.5.10] They hate at the gate proving, and speaking perfect they shall become weary. [§]
saneu bashaar mokhich vedober tamim yeta'evu.
'saneu' means 'they hate', 'basha'ar' means 'at the gate', 'mokhich' means 'proving' or 'demonstrating', 'vedober' means 'and speaking', 'tamim' means 'perfect' or 'whole', 'yeta'evu' means 'they shall become weary' or 'they will tire'.
[AMO.5.11] Therefore because you are ashamed of the poor and the fatherless you take from them houses of plunder and do not dwell in them; you have planted vines of delight but you do not drink their wine. [§]
Lachen ya'an boshaschem al-dal u-masat-bar tikchu mimeinu batei gazit benitem ve-lo teshevu bam karmei-chemed netatem ve-lo tishtu et-yeinam.
'Lachen' means 'therefore', 'ya'an' means 'because', 'boshaschem' means 'you are ashamed', 'al-dal' means 'of the poor', 'u-masat-bar' means 'and of the fatherless', 'tikchu' means 'you take', 'mimeinu' means 'from them', 'batei' means 'houses', 'gazit' means 'plunder' or 'robbery', 'benitem' means 'you build', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'teshevu' means 'you live/dwell', 'bam' means 'in them', 'karmei-chemed' means 'vines of delight', 'netatem' means 'you have planted', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'tishtu' means 'you drink', 'et-yeinam' means 'their wine'.
[AMO.5.12] Because I know many of your iniquities and the stubbornness of your sin, the oppressors of the righteous, those who take atonement, and the poor at the gate have turned. [§]
Ki yadati rabbim pishaechem veatzumim chatoteihem tzorrei tzaddik loqhei kofr veevyonim bashaar hittu.
'Ki' means 'because', 'yadati' means 'I know', 'rabbim' means 'many' or 'the many', 'pishaechem' means 'your iniquities', 'veatzumim' means 'and the stubborn (ones)', 'chatoteihem' means 'your sin', 'tzorrei' means 'oppressors of', 'tzaddik' means 'the righteous', 'loqhei' means 'those who take', 'kofr' means 'atonement', 'veevyonim' means 'and the poor', 'bashaar' means 'at the gate', 'hittu' means 'they turned' or 'they have turned'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translations of God names are needed.
[AMO.5.13] Therefore the wise one will be silent in that time, because it is an evil time. [§]
Lachen ha mashkil ba'et ha hi yiddom ki et ra'ah hi.
'Lachen' means 'therefore', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'mashkil' means 'wise' or 'discerning one', 'ba'et' means 'in the time', 'ha' again is 'the', 'hi' means 'that', 'yiddom' means 'will be silent' or 'will be still', 'ki' means 'because', 'et' means 'the', 'ra'ah' means 'evil' or 'bad', 'hi' means 'it is'.
[AMO.5.14] Seek good and not evil in order that you may live, and so shall Yahveh the Gods of hosts be with you as you said. [§]
Dirshu tov ve'al ra lema'an tichyu vihi ken Yahveh Elohei Tzevaot ittechem kaasher amartem.
'Dirshu' means 'Seek', 'tov' means 'good', 've'al' means 'and not', 'ra' means 'evil', 'lema'an' means 'for the sake of' or 'in order that', 'tichyu' means 'you may live', 'vihi' means 'and it shall be', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'the Gods of', 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' or 'armies', 'ittechem' means 'with you', 'kaasher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'amartem' means 'you said'.
[AMO.5.15] Hate evil and love good, and present at the gate of judgment, perhaps Yahveh the Gods of hosts will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph. [§]
sinu-ra veehvu tov ve hatzigu ba-shaar mishpat ulai yechenan Yahveh Elohei Tzevaot She'erit Yosef.
'sinu-ra' means 'hate evil', 'veehvu' means 'and love', 'tov' means 'good', 've hatzigu' means 'and present', 'ba-shaar' means 'at the gate', 'mishpat' means 'of judgment', 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'yechenan' means 'He will be gracious', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei Tzevaot' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'the Gods of hosts', 'She'erit Yosef' means 'the remnant of Joseph'.
[AMO.5.16] Therefore thus says Yahveh, the Gods of hosts, my Lord, in all the streets of mourning and in all the squares they shall say ho-ho and they shall call a lament to grief and mourning to those who know nothing. [§]
lachen kho amar Yahveh Elohei Tzevaot Adonai b'chol rechovot misped uvechol chutzot yomru ho-ho ve'kru ikar el-ebel u-misped el-yodei nehi.
'lachen' means 'therefore', 'kho amar' means 'thus says', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH and translates as 'Yahveh', 'Elohei' is the plural of El and translates as 'the Gods', 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' (as in heavenly armies), 'Adonai' translates as 'my Lord', 'b'chol' means 'in all', 'rechovot' means 'streets', 'misped' means 'mourning', 'uvechol' means 'and in all', 'chutzot' means 'squares' or 'public places', 'yomru' means 'they will say', 'ho-ho' is an interjection of lament, 've'kru' means 'and they will call', 'ikar' means 'a lament' or 'dirge', 'el-ebel' means 'to grief', 'u-misped' means 'and mourning', 'el-yodei' means 'to those who know', 'nehi' is a difficult noun, likely meaning 'nothing' or 'vanity'.
[AMO.5.17] And in all the vineyards there shall be mourning, for I will pass through your midst, says Yahveh. [§]
Uvechol k'ramim misped ki e'evor be'kirvecha amar Yahveh.
'Uvechol' means 'and in all', 'k'ramim' means 'vineyards', 'misped' means 'mourning', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'e'evor' means 'I will pass', 'be'kirvecha' means 'in your midst' (your = masculine singular), 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH. The final character ס is a masoretic notation and does not affect the meaning.
[AMO.5.18] Woe to those who long for the day of Yahveh; why is this for you the day of Yahveh is darkness and not light. [§]
Hoy ha-mit'aveem et-yom Yahveh lama-zeh lachem yom Yahveh hu choshech ve-lo or.
'Hoy' means 'woe', 'ha-mit'aveem' means 'the longing ones' or 'those who desire', 'et-yom' means 'the day of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'lama-zeh' means 'why this', 'lachem' means 'to you' (plural), 'yom' means 'day', 'hu' means 'it is', 'choshech' means 'darkness', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'or' means 'light'.
[AMO.5.19] As when a man flees before the lion and his foot is struck by the bear, and he comes into the house and leans his hand on the wall and his serpent is hidden. [§]
Ka'asher yanus ish mipnei ha'ari u'peg'oto ha-dov uva ha-bayit ve'samach yado al-hakir u'neshacho ha-nachash.
'Ka'asher' means 'as when', 'yanus' means 'flee', 'ish' means 'a man', 'mipnei' means 'before' or 'from the presence of', 'ha'ari' means 'the lion', 'u'peg'oto' means 'and his foot is struck', 'ha-dov' means 'the bear', 'uva' means 'and he comes into', 'ha-bayit' means 'the house', 've'samach' means 'and he leans', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'al-hakir' means 'on the wall', 'u'neshacho' means 'and his serpent', 'ha-nachash' means 'the snake'.
[AMO.5.20] Is not darkness the day of Yahveh and not light, and darkness and not shining to it? [§]
Ha'lo choshech yom Yahveh ve'lo or ve'afel ve'lo nogah lo.
'Ha'lo' means 'is not' (a rhetorical negative), 'choshech' means 'darkness', 'yom' means 'day', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 've'lo' means 'and not', 'or' means 'light', 've'afel' means 'and darkness', 've'lo' again means 'and not', 'nogah' means 'shining' or 'bright', 'lo' means 'to it' or 'for it'.
[AMO.5.21] I have hated, I have despised your festivals, and I will not take pleasure in your assemblies. [§]
saneti maasti chageikhem ve'lo arich be'atzroteikhem.
'saneti' means 'I have hated', 'maasti' means 'I have despised', 'chageikhem' means 'your festivals', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'arich' is a verb from the root riech meaning 'to take pleasure' or 'to be pleased'; in this context it is understood as 'I will not be pleased', and 'be'atzroteikhem' means 'in your gatherings' or 'in your assemblies'.
[AMO.5.22] For if you bring me burnt offerings and your meal offerings I will not accept, and I will not look upon your peace offering. [§]
Ki im taalu li olot u minchoteikhem lo eretze vesholem meriyikhem lo avit.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'taalu' means 'you (plural) bring up', 'li' means 'to me', 'olot' means 'burnt offerings', 'u' means 'and', 'minchoteikhem' means 'your meal offerings', 'lo' means 'not', 'eretze' means 'I will accept', 'vesholem' means 'and the peace offering', 'meriyikhem' means 'of your (people)', 'lo' means 'not', 'avit' means 'I will look upon'.
[AMO.5.23] Remove from me the abundance of your songs and the singing of your harps; I will not hear them. [§]
Ha-ser me'alai hamon shirekha vezimrat nevaleikha lo eshama.
'Ha-ser' means 'remove' or 'take away', 'me'alai' means 'from me', 'hamon' means 'the multitude' or 'abundance', 'shirekha' means 'your songs', 'vezimrat' means 'and the singing', 'nevaleikha' means 'of your harps', 'lo' means 'not', 'eshama' means 'I will hear'.
[AMO.5.24] And justice will roll forth like waters, and righteousness like an everlasting stream. [§]
ve-yigal ka-mayim mishpat u-tzedakah ke-nachal eitan.
've' means 'and', 'yigal' means 'will roll' or 'will flow out', 'ka' means 'like', 'mayim' means 'waters', 'mishpat' means 'justice', 'u' means 'and', 'tzedakah' means 'righteousness', 'ke' means 'like', 'nachal' means 'stream' or 'brook', 'eitan' means 'everlasting' or 'eternal'. The phrase 'ka-mayim mishpat' conveys the image of justice moving swiftly and abundantly like water, while 'ke-nachal eitan' likens righteousness to a stream that never ceases.
[AMO.5.25] The sacrifices and the grain offering you have brought to me in the wilderness for forty years, O house of Israel. [§]
Ha zevachim u minchah higashsetem li ba midbar arba'im shanah beit Yisrael.
'Ha' means 'the', 'zevachim' means 'sacrifices', 'u' means 'and', 'minchah' means 'grain offering', 'higashsetem' means 'you have brought', 'li' means 'to me', 'ba' means 'in', 'midbar' means 'the wilderness', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'beit' means 'house of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[AMO.5.26] And you shall lift up the net of your king and also your images, the star of your God which you made for yourselves. [§]
Un'satem et sikot malkechem ve'et kiyon tzalmeichem kokhav Eloheichem asher asitem lachem.
'Un'satem' means 'you shall lift up', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'sikot' means 'the net', 'malkechem' means 'your king', 've'et' means 'and also', 'kiyon' means 'your images', 'tzalmeichem' means 'your statues', 'kokhav' means 'star', 'Eloheichem' means 'your God' (El = God), 'asher' means 'which', 'asitem' means 'you made', 'lachem' means 'for you' or 'for yourselves'.
[AMO.5.27] I will exile you from Halah to Damascus, says Yahveh, God of hosts, his name. [§]
Ve-higleiti etchem mehalah le-damassek amar Yahveh Elohei-tzevaot shmo.
'Ve-higleiti' means 'I will exile', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'mehalah' means 'from Halah', 'le-damassek' means 'to Damascus', 'amar' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'Elohei-tzevaot' means 'God of hosts', 'shmo' means 'his name'.
AMO.6
[AMO.6.1] Woe to the lilies in Zion and those who trust on Mount Shomron, the pits of the head of the nations, and they came to them the house of Israel. [§]
Hoi hashaananim b'tzion vehabotchim behar shomron nekubei reshith hagoyim uvau lahem beit Yisrael.
'Hoi' means 'woe', 'hashaananim' means 'the lilies', 'b'tzion' means 'in Zion', 'vehabotchim' means 'and those who trust', 'behar' means 'on the mountain', 'shomron' is the name of the mountain (Shomron), 'nekubei' means 'the pits' or 'the graves', 'reshith' means 'the beginning' or 'the head', 'hagoyim' means 'the nations', 'uvau' means 'and they came', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[AMO.6.2] Cross over the calf and see, go from there, great wrath, and descend to Gath of the Philistines, the good ones from these kingdoms, if their border is great compared to your border. [§]
Ivru kalneh ureu ulechu misham chamat rabbah uredu gat-plashitim hatovim min-hamamlakot haeleh im rabb gevalam migbulechem.
'Ivru' means 'cross over', 'kalneh' means 'the calf', 'ureu' means 'see', 'ulechu' means 'go', 'misham' means 'from there', 'chamat' means 'wrath', 'rabbah' means 'great', 'uredu' means 'descend', 'gat-plashitim' means 'Gath of the Philistines', 'hatovim' means 'the good ones', 'min-hamamlakot' means 'from the kingdoms', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'im' means 'if', 'rabb' means 'great', 'gevalam' means 'their border', 'migbulechem' means 'than your border'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special name translation is needed.
[AMO.6.3] Those who plot for an evil day, and they bring near a seat of violence. [§]
Ha mnadim le yom ra ve tagishun shevet chamas.
'Ha' is the definite article meaning 'the'. 'mnadim' means 'those who plot' or 'schemers'. 'le' is a preposition meaning 'for' or 'to'. 'yom' means 'day'. 'ra' means 'evil' or 'bad'. 've' is the conjunction 'and'. 'tagishun' means 'they bring near' or 'they draw close'. 'shevet' means 'seat' or 'standing', often used figuratively for a place of authority. 'chamas' means 'violence' or 'cruelty'.
[AMO.6.4] The sleepers on beds of shame, the despised on their threshing floors, and they eat carcasses of sheep and lumps from within the marrow. [§]
hashokvim al mittot sheen useruchim al arshotam veochlim karim mitzon vaagalim mitoch marbek.
'hashokvim' means 'the sleepers', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'mittot' means 'beds', 'sheen' means 'shame', 'useruchim' means 'the despised' or 'the disgraced', 'arshotam' means 'their threshing floors', 'veochlim' means 'and they eat', 'karim' means 'carcasses' or 'rinds', 'mitzon' means 'from sheep', 'vaagalim' means 'and lumps' or 'pieces', 'mitoch' means 'from within', 'marbek' means 'the marrow' or 'the inside'.
[AMO.6.5] Those who break upon the mouth of the harp, as David thought for them as instruments of song. [§]
haportim al pi hanavel kedavid chashvu lahem kele shir.
'haportim' means 'those who break or split', 'al' means 'upon', 'pi' means 'mouth', together 'al pi' means 'upon the mouth', 'hanavel' means 'the harp', 'kedavid' means 'as David', 'chashvu' means 'they thought', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'kele' means 'tools' or 'instruments', 'shir' means 'song' or 'singing'.
[AMO.6.6] The drinkers in the cups of wine and the first of fats will anoint, and they will not inherit Joseph's portion. [§]
Hashotim b'mizrakei yayin ve'reshit shemanim yimshachu ve'lo nechlu al-shever Yosef.
'Hashotim' means 'the drinkers', 'b'mizrakei' means 'in the cups of', 'yayin' means 'wine', 've'reshit' means 'and the first', 'shemanim' means 'of fats', 'yimshachu' means 'they will anoint', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'nechlu' means 'they will inherit', 'al-shever' means 'upon the portion (or inheritance) of', 'Yosef' is the proper name 'Joseph'.
[AMO.6.7] Therefore now they will be revealed at the head of the rollers and removed from the fire, the seruchim. [§]
lachen atta yiglu b'rosh golim vesar mirzach seruchim.
'lachen' means 'therefore', 'atta' means 'now', 'yiglu' means 'they will be revealed' or 'they will become apparent', 'b'rosh' means 'in the head' or 'at the head', 'golim' is a plural noun from the root 'gal' meaning 'rollers' or 'those that roll', 'vesar' means 'and they will be removed' or 'and will be taken away', 'mirzach' is a construct meaning 'from the fire' (zach related to fire), 'seruchim' is a plural noun of uncertain precise meaning, possibly referring to a class of objects or people associated with fire.
[AMO.6.8] my Lord Yahveh in his soul the word of Yahveh the Gods of hosts I am angry I have humbled the pride of Jacob and his forearms I have hated and I have shut a city and its fullness. [§]
Nishba' Adonai Yahweh be-napsho ne'um-Yahweh Elohei Tzevaot meta'av anochi et-ga'av Yaakov ve-armnotav saneiti ve-hissagarti ir u-meloah.
'Nishba'' means 'swore', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahweh' means 'Yahveh', 'be-napsho' means 'in his soul', 'ne'um-Yahweh' means 'says Yahveh', 'Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'Tzevaot' means 'of hosts', 'meta'av' means 'I am angry', 'anochi' means 'I', 'et-ga'av' means 'the pride', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 've-armnotav' means 'and his forearms', 'saneiti' means 'I have hated', 've-hissagarti' means 'and I have shut', 'ir' means 'a city', 'u-meloah' means 'and its fullness'.
[AMO.6.9] And it shall be, if ten men are in one house, and they die. [§]
ve-hayah im yivtru asarah anashim be-bayit echad va-metu.
've' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'shall be', 'im' means 'if', 'yivtru' means 'they will be ten', 'asarah' means 'ten', 'anashim' means 'men', 'be-bayit' means 'in a house', 'echad' means 'one', 'va-metu' means 'and they died'.
[AMO.6.10] And we will lift his beloved and his companion to bring out bones from the house, and he said to the one who is in the arches of the house still with you, 'No,' and said, 'Stop, because we shall not mention in the name Yahveh.' [§]
un'sa'o dodo u'mesarf'o lehotzi etzamin min-habayit ve'amar la'asher b'yarketei habayit ha'od imach ve'amar afes ve'amar has ki lo lehazkir b'shem Yahveh.
'un'sa'o' means 'and we will lift', 'dodo' means 'his beloved', 'u'mesarf'o' means 'and his companion', 'lehotzi' means 'to bring out', 'etzamin' means 'bones', 'min-habayit' means 'from the house', 've'amar' means 'and said', 'la'asher' means 'to the one who', 'b'yarketei' means 'in the arches of', 'habayit' means 'the house', 'ha'od' means 'still', 'imach' means 'with you', 'afes' means 'no', 'has' means 'stop', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'lehazkir' means 'to mention', 'b'shem' means 'in the name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, the divine name.
[AMO.6.11] For behold, Yahveh commands and strikes the great house to fragments, and the small house to pieces. [§]
ki hineh Yahveh mtzaveh vehikkah habayit haggadol resisim vehabayit hakaton beki'im.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH, 'mtzaveh' means 'commands' (from the verb tsav, to command), 've' before a verb means 'and', 'hikkah' means 'he will strike' or 'he strikes', 'habayit' means 'the house', 'haggadol' means 'the great' or 'the large', 'resisim' means 'shards' or 'fragments', 'hakaton' means 'the small', and 'beki'im' means 'in pieces' or 'to pieces'. The phrase 'hikkah habayit haggadol resisim' is an idiom meaning 'to strike the great house to fragments', and similarly for the small house.
[AMO.6.12] The fallen upon the stone, horses if they are humbled among the cattle, because you have turned the head of judgment and the fruit of righteousness into a curse. [§]
Hayirutsun ba-sela' sussim im-yacharosh ba-bkarim ki-hafakhtem le-rosh mishpat u-fri tzedakah le-la'ana.
'Hayirutsun' means 'the broken' or 'the fallen'; 'ba-sela'' means 'in the stone' or 'upon the rock'; 'sussim' means 'horses'; 'im-yacharosh' means 'if they are silenced' or 'if they are humbled'; 'ba-bkarim' means 'among the cattle'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'hafakhtem' means 'you have turned' or 'you have overturned'; 'le-rosh' means 'to the head'; 'mishpat' means 'judgment'; 'u-fri' means 'and the fruit'; 'tzedakah' means 'of righteousness'; 'le-la'ana' means 'to a curse'.
[AMO.6.13] The joyful ones for no thing, the ones who say, 'Is it not by our strength we have taken horns for ourselves?' [§]
hash'semechim lelo dvar ha'omerim halo bechazkenu lakachnu lanu karnayim.
'hash'semechim' means 'the joyful ones', 'lelo' means 'for no' or 'without', 'dvar' means 'word' or 'thing', 'ha'omerim' means 'the ones who say', 'halo' means 'is it not' or 'surely not', 'bechazkenu' means 'in our strength', 'lakachnu' means 'we have taken', 'lanu' means 'for ourselves', 'karnayim' means 'horns'.
[AMO.6.14] For behold, I will raise against you the house of Israel, says Yahveh, God of the hosts, a nation, and they will cut you from the heat until the river of the desert. [§]
Ki hinneni mek'im aleichem beit Yisrael neum-Yahveh Elohei ha-tzevaot goy ve-lachatsu etchem milvo hamat ad nachal ha'aravah.
'Ki' means 'for', 'hinneni' means 'behold, I am', 'mek'im' means 'I raise', 'aleichem' means 'upon you', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'neum-Yahveh' means 'says Yahveh' (the Tetragrammaton rendered as Yahveh), 'Elohei' means 'God of' (Elohim rendered as the Gods, in construct form as God), 'ha-tzevaot' means 'the hosts', 'goy' means 'nation', 've-lachatsu' means 'and they will cut', 'etchem' means 'you', 'milvo' means 'from the coming', 'hamat' means 'heat', 'ad' means 'until', 'nachal' means 'river', 'ha'aravah' means 'the desert'.
AMO.7
[AMO.7.1] Thus showed me my Lord Yahveh, and behold the creator Gobai at the beginning of the ascent of the search, and behold the search after the king's pieces. [§]
Ko hirani Adonai Yahveh veheineh yotser gobai bitchilat alot haleqesh veheineh lekesh achar gizzei hamelech.
'Ko' means 'thus', 'hirani' means 'showed me', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'veheineh' means 'and behold', 'yotser' means 'creator', 'gobai' is a proper name or noun (literal transliteration retained), 'bitchilat' means 'at the beginning of', 'alot' means 'ascent', 'haleqesh' means 'the search', 'veheineh' again means 'and behold', 'lekesh' is the construct form of 'search', 'achar' means 'after', 'gizzei' means 'the pieces of', 'hamelech' means 'the king'. The divine names are rendered according to the given literal translations: Adonai → "my Lord", Yahveh → "Yahveh".
[AMO.7.2] It shall be, if it has finished to eat the grass of the earth, and I said, my Lord Yahveh, forgive, please, who will raise Jacob, for he is little. [§]
vehayah im killa le ekhol et eshv ha aretz vaomar adonai yahveh selach na mi yakum yaakov ki qaton hu.
'vehayah' means 'it will be', 'im' means 'if', 'killa' means 'finished', 'le ekhol' means 'to eat', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'eshv' means 'grass', 'ha aretz' means 'the earth', 'vaomar' means 'and I said', 'adonai' means 'my Lord', 'yahveh' is the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'selach' means 'forgive', 'na' adds a pleading sense 'please', 'mi' means 'who', 'yakum' means 'will arise' or 'will raise', 'yaakov' is the name Jacob, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'qaton' means 'small' or 'little', 'hu' means 'he' or 'it'.
[AMO.7.3] Yahveh repented concerning this, it shall not be, says Yahveh. [§]
nicham Yahveh al zot lo tihyeh amar Yahveh
'nicham' means 'repented', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'al' means 'concerning', 'zot' means 'this', 'lo' means 'not', 'tihyeh' means 'shall be', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh'.
[AMO.7.4] Thus he showed me my Lord Yahveh, and behold he called the great in fire my Lord Yahveh, and he ate the great deep, and he ate the portion. [§]
Ko hirani Adonai Yahveh vehineh kore larav baesh Adonai Yahveh vatochal et tehom ravah veachlah et hachelek.
'Ko' means 'thus', 'hirani' means 'he showed me', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'kore' means 'he called', 'larav' means 'the great', 'baesh' means 'in fire', the second 'Adonai Yahveh' again means 'my Lord Yahveh', 'vatochal' means 'and he ate', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'tehom' means 'deep' or 'the deep', 'ravah' means 'great', 'veachlah' means 'and ate', 'et' again the accusative, 'hachelek' means 'the portion'.
[AMO.7.5] And I said, my Lord Yahveh, please stop; who will arise Jacob, for he is small. [§]
vaomar Adonai Yahveh chadalna mi yakum Yaakov ki qaton hu.
'vaomar' means 'and I said', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'chadalna' means 'please cease' or 'stop', 'mi' means 'who', 'yakum' means 'will arise/stand up', 'Yaakov' is the proper name Jacob, 'ki' means 'for', 'qaton' means 'small' or 'little', 'hu' means 'he'.
[AMO.7.6] Yahveh repented concerning this; also it will not be, said my Lord Yahveh. [§]
Nicham Yahveh al zot gam hi lo tiheye amar Adoni Yahveh.
'Nicham' means 'repented' or 'was sorry', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH, 'al' means 'concerning' or 'about', 'zot' means 'this', 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'hi' means 'it' (feminine), 'lo' means 'not', 'tiheye' is the future form of 'to be' meaning 'will be', 'amar' means 'said', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', and the second 'Yahveh' again is the name of God.
[AMO.7.7] Thus he showed me, and behold my Lord stands on your wall, and in his hand your. [§]
Ko hireni vehineh Adonai nitsav al chomat anakh uveyado anakh.
'Ko' means 'thus' or 'like this', 'hireni' means 'he showed me', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'nitsav' means 'stands', 'al' means 'on', 'chomat' means 'wall of', 'anakh' means 'your' (feminine singular), 'uveyado' means 'and in his hand', the final 'anakh' again means 'your'. The name Adonai is rendered as 'my Lord' according to the given mapping.
[AMO.7.8] And Yahveh said to me, 'What are you seeing, Amos?' And I said, 'You.' And my Lord said, 'Behold, I have placed you in the midst of my people Israel; I will not add any more to him.' [§]
Vayomer Yahveh elai ma atah roeh Amos va'omer anach vayomer Adonai hineni sam anach beqereb ami Yisrael lo o'sif od avor lo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'elai' means 'to me', 'ma atah' means 'what are you', 'roeh' means 'seeing', 'Amos' is the proper name, 'va'omer' means 'and I said', 'anach' means 'you', 'Vayomer' again means 'and said', 'Adonai' translates as 'my Lord', 'hineni' means 'behold' or 'here I am', 'sam' means 'I have set/placed', 'beqereb' means 'in the midst of', 'ami' means 'my people', 'Yisrael' is 'Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'o'sif' means 'I will add', 'od' means 'any more', 'avor' means 'to pass/to add', 'lo' means 'to him/it'.
[AMO.7.9] And they will be desolate, the dead will laugh, and the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will arise upon the house of Jeroboam with the sword. [§]
ve-nashamu bamot yischak umikdeshei yisrael yecheravu vekamti al-beit yarav'am becharev.
've' means 'and', 'nashamu' means 'they will be desolate', 'bamot' means 'in death' or 'among the dead', 'yischak' means 'will laugh', 'u' means 'and', 'mikdeshei' means 'the sanctuaries of', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'yecheravu' means 'will be ruined', 've' means 'and', 'kamti' means 'I will arise', 'al' means 'upon' or 'against', 'beit' means 'the house of', 'yarav'am' means 'Jeroboam', 'be' means 'with', 'charev' means 'the sword'.
[AMO.7.10] And Amatsiah the priest of the house of God sent to Jeroboam king of Israel, saying, 'I have bound upon you Amos in the midst of the house of Israel; the earth cannot contain all his words.' [§]
Vayishlach Amatsia kohen beit El el Yarobam melek Yisrael leemor kashar aleikha Amos bekerev beit Yisrael lo tuxal haaretz lehachil et kol devarav.
'Vayishlach' means 'and (he) sent', 'Amatsia' is a proper name, 'kohen' means 'priest', 'beit El' means 'house of God' (El = God), 'el' = 'to', 'Yarobam' is the name 'Jeroboam', 'melek Yisrael' means 'king of Israel', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'kashar' means 'I have bound', 'aleikha' means 'upon you', 'Amos' is the prophet's name, 'bekerev' means 'in the midst', 'beit Yisrael' means 'house of Israel', 'lo tuxal' means 'cannot contain', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'lehachil' means 'to hold/contain', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol devarav' means 'all his words'.
[AMO.7.11] For thus said Amos: By the sword Jeroboam will die, and Israel will be scattered from his land. [§]
Ki ko amar Amos ba cheruv yamot Yarevoam ve Yisrael galoh yigleh me'al admato.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ko' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Amos' is the name of the prophet, 'ba' means 'by', 'cheruv' means 'the sword', 'yamot' means 'will die', 'Yarevoam' is the name Jeroboam, 've' means 'and', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'galoh' means 'will be scattered', 'yigleh' means 'will depart', 'me'al' means 'from', 'admato' means 'his land'.
[AMO.7.12] And Amatzia said to Amos the seer, go, flee for yourself to the land of Judah, and there eat bread, and there prophesy. [§]
Vayomer Amatzia el-Amos hozeh lekh berach-lekha el eretz Yehudah ve'ekhal sham lechem ve'sham tinnave.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Amatzia' is a personal name, 'el-Amos' means 'to Amos', 'hozeh' means 'the seer', 'lekh' means 'go', 'berach-lekha' means 'flee for yourself', 'el eretz Yehudah' means 'to the land of Judah', 've'ekhal' means 'and (you) will eat', 'sham' means 'there', 'lechem' means 'bread', 've'sham' means 'and there', 'tinnave' means 'you will prophesy'.
[AMO.7.13] And the house of God will not add again to prophesy, because he is the king's sanctuary and the house of the kingdom. [§]
Uveit-El lo toseef od lehinabe ki mikdash-melekh hu uveit mamlakah hu.
'Uveit-El' means 'and the house of God' ('El' is translated as 'God'); 'lo' means 'not'; 'toseef' means 'will add'; 'od' means 'again' or 'more'; 'lehinabe' means 'to prophesy'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'mikdash-melekh' means 'the king's sanctuary' ('mikdash' = 'sanctuary', 'melek' = 'king'); 'hu' means 'he' or 'it'; 'uveit' means 'and the house'; 'mamlakah' means 'kingdom' or 'realm'; the final 'hu' again means 'he/it'.
[AMO.7.14] And Amos answered and said to Amatsya, I am not a prophet, nor am I the son of a prophet, for I am a gravedigger and I am plagued with disease. [§]
va-yaan Amos va-yomer el-Amatsya lo-nabi anochi ve-lo ben-nabi anochi ki-boker anochi uvoles shikmim.
'va-yaan' means 'and answered', 'Amos' is a proper name, 'va-yomer' means 'and said', 'el-Amatsya' means 'to Amatsya', 'lo-nabi' means 'not a prophet', 'anochi' means 'I am', 've-lo' means 'nor', 'ben-nabi' means 'son of a prophet', 'ki-boker' means 'for I am a gravedigger', 'uvoles' means 'and I am afflicted', 'shikmim' means 'plagues or diseases'.
[AMO.7.15] And Yahveh took me from behind the flock, and Yahveh said to me, Go prophesy to my people Israel. [§]
Vayikacheni Yahveh me'acharei hatson vayomer elai Yahveh lekh hinabe el ami Yisrael.
'Vayikacheni' means 'and he took me', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'me'acharei' means 'from behind', 'hatson' means 'the flock', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elai' means 'to me', the second 'Yahveh' again translates YHVH, 'lekh' means 'go', 'hinabe' means 'prophesy', 'el' means 'to', 'ami' means 'my people', and 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[AMO.7.16] Now hear the word of Yahveh: you say you will not prophesy against Israel, and you will not revile the house of mockery. [§]
veatta shma dvar Yahveh attah omer lo tinave al Yisrael ve'lo tatif al beit Yishachak.
'veatta' means 'and now', 'shma' means 'hear', 'dvar' means 'word', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'attah' means 'you (singular)', 'omer' means 'say', 'lo' means 'not', 'tinave' means 'you will prophesy', 'al' means 'against' or 'against the people of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'tatif' means 'you will revile or scoff', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yishachak' means 'mockery' or 'laughing'.
[AMO.7.17] Therefore thus said Yahveh: Your wife in the city will prostitute, and your sons and your daughters will fall by the sword, and your land will be divided by a cord, and you on impure ground will die, and Israel will be laid bare from upon its land. [§]
lachen ko amar Yahveh ishtekha ba'ir tizneh uvanekha uvenoteikha ba'cheret yippolu ve'admatekha ba'chevel techullak ve'ata al-adamah tme'a tamut veYisrael galo yigleh me'al admato.
'lachen' means 'therefore', 'ko' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ishtekha' means 'your wife', 'ba'ir' means 'in the city', 'tizneh' means 'will prostitute', 'uvanekha' means 'your sons', 'uvenoteikha' means 'your daughters', 'ba'cheret' means 'by the sword', 'yippolu' means 'will fall', 've'admatekha' means 'and your land', 'ba'chevel' means 'by a cord', 'techullak' means 'will be divided', 've'ata' means 'and you', 'al-adamah' means 'on the ground', 'tme'a' means 'impure', 'tamut' means 'will die', 'veYisrael' means 'and Israel', 'galo' means 'will be laid bare', 'yigleh' means 'from', 'me'al' means 'upon', 'admato' means 'its land'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as Yahveh according to the given literal translation rule.
AMO.8
[AMO.8.1] Thus he showed me my Lord Yahveh, and behold a summer dog. [§]
Ko hirani Adonai Yahveh ve-hineh keluv kayitz.
'Ko' means 'thus' or 'in this way', 'hirani' means 'he showed me', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'keluv' means 'dog', and 'kayitz' means 'summer' (often used as an idiom for a hot, fierce dog).
[AMO.8.2] And he said, 'What are you seeing, Amos?' And I said, 'Scarlet harvest.' And Yahveh said to me, 'The harvest comes to my people Israel; I will not add another crossing for it.' [§]
Vayomer mah-atah roeh Amos vaomar keluv kayitz vayomer Yahveh elai ba haketz el-ami Yisrael lo osif od avor lo.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mah-atah' means 'what are you', 'roeh' means 'seeing', 'Amos' is a proper name, 'vaomar' means 'and I said', 'keluv' means 'scarlet', 'kayitz' means 'autumn' or 'harvest', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'elai' means 'to me', 'ba' means 'has come', 'haketz' means 'the harvest/autumn', 'el-ami' means 'to my people', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'osif' means 'I will add', 'od' means 'again', 'avor' means 'a crossing' or 'to cross', 'lo' at the end means 'for it'.
[AMO.8.3] And they shall shout songs of the temple on that day, says my Lord Yahveh, a great pestilence shall be cast in every place. [§]
veheylilu shirot heikhal bayom hahu ne'um adonai yahveh rav ha'peger bechol-makom hishlikh ha
'veheylilu' means 'and they shall shout/cry out', 'shirot' means 'songs', 'heikhal' means 'the temple', 'bayom hahu' means 'on that day', 'ne'um' means 'says', 'adonai' is the Hebrew title for the LORD and is rendered here as 'my Lord', 'yahveh' is the personal name of God rendered as 'Yahveh', 'rav' means 'great' or 'many', 'ha'peger' means 'the pestilence' or 'the plague', 'bechol-makom' means 'in every place', and 'hishlikh' means 'shall cast' or 'shall throw'. The final fragment 'ha' is a textual remnant that does not form a complete word in the verse.
[AMO.8.4] Hear this, O proud, the poor, and the crushed of the earth. [§]
Shimu zot hashsoafim evyon ve-lashbit anivei aretz.
'Shimu' means 'hear' (imperative plural), 'zot' means 'this', 'hashsoafim' means 'the proud' (literally 'the haughty'), 'evyon' means 'the poor', 've-' is the conjunction 'and', 'lashbit' means 'the crushed' or 'the broken' (from the root sh-b-t meaning to break), 'anivei' means 'the poor (plural) of' and 'aretz' means 'the earth' or 'the land'.
[AMO.8.5] Saying, When will the month pass and we shall break the covenant and the Sabbath and we shall open the gate, to lessen where and to enlarge the shekel and to pervert the balances of deceit. [§]
Le'emor matai ya'avor hachodesh ve'nashbira shever ve'hashabbat ve'nift'cha bar le'haktin eifah u'lehag'dil shekel u'le'avet moznei mirma.
'Le'emor' means 'saying', 'matai' means 'when', 'ya'avor' means 'will pass', 'hachodesh' means 'the month', 've'nashbira' means 'and we will break', 'shever' means 'the covenant' (or 'the breaking'), 've'hashabbat' means 'and the Sabbath', 've'nift'cha' means 'and we will open', 'bar' means 'the gate' (literal 'gate'), 'le'haktin' means 'to lessen', 'eifah' means 'where' or a proper name 'Eifa', 'u'lehag'dil' means 'and to enlarge', 'shekel' means 'the shekel (weight or monetary unit)', 'u'le'avet' means 'and to pervert', 'moznei' means 'the balances/scales', 'mirma' means 'of deceit'. No divine names appear in this verse, so their special literal translations are not applied.
[AMO.8.6] To purchase with the money of the poor, and poverty for the sake of shoes, and we will break the son's downfall. [§]
Liknot ba-ksesef dalim ve-evyon ba-avur na'alayim u-mappal bar nashbir.
'Liknot' means 'to purchase' or 'to acquire'; 'ba-ksesef' means 'with the money'; 'dalim' means 'the poor' (plural); 've-evyon' means 'and poverty'; 'ba-avur' means 'for the sake of' or 'because of'; 'na'alayim' means 'shoes'; 'u-mappal' means 'and a downfall' or 'and a falling'; 'bar' means 'son'; 'nashbir' means 'we will break'.
[AMO.8.7] Yahveh swore in pride Jacob if I forever forget all their deeds. [§]
Nishba Yahveh bigaon Yaakov im eshkach lanetsach kol ma'aseihem.
'Nishba' means 'swore', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'bigaon' means 'in pride', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'im' means 'if', 'eshkach' means 'I forget', 'lanetsach' means 'forever', 'kol' means 'all', 'ma'aseihem' means 'their deeds'.
[AMO.8.8] The ascent, this, shall not disturb the earth, and it will be afflicted all who dwell in it; and it will rise like a light, all of it, and will be driven out and embraced as the light of Egypt. [§]
ha'al zot lo-tirgaz ha'aretz ve'abal kol-yoshev bah ve'al'tah ke'or kulla ve-nigreshah ve-nishkeha ki or Mitzrayim.
'ha'al' means 'the ascent' or 'the going up', 'zot' means 'this', 'lo-tirgaz' means 'shall not shake/ disturb', 'ha'aretz' means 'the earth', 've'abal' means 'and [it] will be afflicted', 'kol-yoshev' means 'all who dwells', 'bah' means 'in it', 've'al'tah' means 'and it will rise', 'ke'or' means 'like a light', 'kulla' means 'all of it', 've-nigreshah' means 'and it will be driven out', 've-nishkeha' means 'and it will be kissed/ embraced', 'ki' means 'as', 'or' means 'light', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[AMO.8.9] And it shall be in that day, says my Lord Yahveh, that I will bring the sun in the noon and I will darken the earth in a day of light. [§]
vehayah bayom hahhu neum Adonai Yahveh veheveti hashamesh batzaharayim vehashakhashti laaretz beyom or.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'bayom' means 'in the day', 'hahhu' means 'that', 'neum' means 'says', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHWH, 'veheveti' means 'and I will bring', 'hashamesh' means 'the sun', 'batzaharayim' means 'in the noon', 'vehashakhashti' means 'and I will darken', 'laaretz' means 'the earth', 'beyom' means 'in the day', 'or' means 'light'.
[AMO.8.10] And I will turn your festivals into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will lift upon all thighs the skin, and upon every head baldness; and I will make it like a single mourning, and its end like a bitter day. [§]
vehafakhti chageikhem le'vel ve'khol shireikhem le'kina veha'aleti al kol-matnayim sak ve'al kol rosh karcha ve'samtiha ke'vel yachid ve'acharitah ke'yom mar.
've' means 'and', 'hafakhti' means 'I will turn', 'chageikhem' means 'your festivals', 'le'vel' means 'into mourning', 've'khol' means 'and all', 'shireikhem' means 'your songs', 'le'kina' means 'to lamentation', 'veha'aleti' means 'and I will lift', 'al' means 'upon', 'kol-matnayim' means 'all thighs', 'sak' means 'skin', 've'al' means 'and upon', 'kol rosh' means 'every head', 'karcha' means 'baldness', 've'samtiha' means 'and I will make it', 'ke'vel' means 'like mourning', 'yachid' means 'single', 've'acharitah' means 'and its end', 'ke'yom' means 'like the day', 'mar' means 'bitter'.
[AMO.8.11] Behold, days are coming, says my Lord Yahweh, and I will send famine in the land; there will be no famine for bread, nor thirst for water, but only to hear the words of Yahweh. [§]
Hinneh yamim ba'im ne'um Adonai Yahweh ve'hishlachti ra'av ba'aretz lo ra'av lal'chem ve'lo tsama lamayim ki im lishmo'a et divrei Yahweh.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'yamim' means 'days', 'ba'im' means 'are coming', 'ne'um' means 'says', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahweh' is the literal name of YHVH, 've'hishlachti' means 'and I will send', 'ra'av' means 'famine', 'ba'aretz' means 'in the land', 'lo' means 'not', the second 'ra'av' repeats 'famine', 'lal'chem' means 'for bread', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'tsama' means 'thirst', 'lamayim' means 'for water', 'ki' means 'but', 'im' means 'only' or 'if', 'lishmo'a' means 'to hear', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'divrei' means 'the words of', and the final 'Yahweh' repeats the divine name.
[AMO.8.12] And they will go about from sea to sea, and from north to east, they will go seeking the word of Yahveh and they will not find. [§]
ve-na'u mi yam ad yam u-mitzafon ve-ad mizrach yeshotetu le-vakesh et-dvar Yahveh ve-lo yimtzu.
've-na'u' means 'and they will go about', 'mi yam' means 'from sea', 'ad yam' means 'to sea', 'u-mitzafon' means 'and from north', 've-ad mizrach' means 'and to east', 'yeshotetu' means 'they will go about' or 'wander', 'le-vakesh' means 'to seek', 'et-dvar' means 'the word', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH meaning the divine name, 've-lo' means 'and not', 'yimtzu' means 'they will find'.
[AMO.8.13] On that day the beautiful virgins and the young men will be courted in thirst. [§]
Bayyom ha-hu tit'alafnah ha-betulot ha-yafot ve-ha-bachurim ba-tzama.
'Bayyom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'tit'alafnah' is a verb in the future passive meaning 'will be sought after' or 'will be courted', 'ha-betulot' means 'the virgins', 'ha-yafot' means 'the beautiful', 've' means 'and', 'ha-bachurim' means 'the youths' or 'the young men', 'ba-tzama' means 'in thirst' (literally 'in thirst', an idiom for being in need of water).
[AMO.8.14] The oath‑takers in the guilt of Samaria said, 'Live, O your God Dan, and live, the way of the well‑seven; they fell and will not arise again.' [§]
hanishbaim beashmat Shomran ve'amru chei Eloheikha Dan vechei derekh be'er-shava ve'naflu ve'lo yakumu od.
'hanishbaim' means 'the oath‑takers', 'beashmat' means 'in the guilt of', 'Shomran' means 'Samaria', 've'amru' means 'and they said', 'chei' means 'life' or 'live', 'Eloheikha' means 'your God', 'Dan' is a proper name, 'vechei' means 'and life' or 'and live', 'derekh' means 'way' or 'road', 'be'er-shava' means 'well‑seven' (the well of seven), 've'naflu' means 'and they fell', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yakumu' means 'they will arise', 'od' means 'again'.
AMO.9
[AMO.9.1] I saw my Lord standing on the altar, and he said, 'Strike the kaptor and the sifims shall tremble, and in anger upon the heads of all of them; and at their end with the sword I will kill; they will not escape, no miracle for them, and they will not be saved, they will flee.' [§]
Ra'iti et Adonai nitsav al ha mizbeach vayomer hakaptor veyir'asu ha sifim uve tzaam be rosh kulam ve aharitam ba cherev e'herog lo yanus lahem nas ve lo yimallet lahem palit.
'Ra'iti' means 'I saw', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'nitsav' means 'standing', 'al ha mizbeach' means 'on the altar', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hakaptor' is a proper name or object whose exact meaning is uncertain in the text, 'veyir'asu' means 'and they shall tremble', 'ha sifim' means 'the sifims' (a term in the verse), 'uve tzaam' means 'and in anger', 'be rosh kulam' means 'upon the heads of all of them', 've aharitam' means 'and at their end', 'ba cherev' means 'with the sword', 'e'herog' means 'I will kill', 'lo yanus' means 'they will not escape', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'nas' means 'miracle' or 'sign', 've lo yimallet' means 'and they will not be saved', 'lahem' again 'for them', 'palit' means 'they will flee' or 'fugitive'. The translation follows a literal rendering, preserving the literal sense of each Hebrew word while applying the specified translations for divine names.
[AMO.9.2] If they rush into the grave, my hand will take them; and if they ascend to the heavens, I will bring them down. [§]
Im-yachtru bishol misham yadi tiqqachem ve'im-ya'lu hashshamayim misham oridem.
'Im' means 'if', 'yachtru' means 'they rush', 'bishol' means 'in Sheol (the grave)', 'misham' means 'from there', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'tiqqachem' means 'will take you (plural)', 've'im' means 'and if', 'ya'lu' means 'they ascend', 'hashshamayim' means 'the heavens', 'oridem' means 'I will bring down (them)'.
[AMO.9.3] And if they hide in the head of the vineyard, from there I will search for them and take them; and if they conceal themselves before my eyes in the sea's whirlpool, from there I will command the serpent and they will be destroyed. [§]
Ve'im yechavu berosh hakarmel misham achapes velkachtim ve'im yisatrú min eged einai bekarka hayam misham atzaveh et hanachash unesakim.
'Ve' means 'and', 'im' means 'if', 'yechavu' means 'they hide', 'berosh' means 'in the head', 'hakarmel' means 'the vineyard', 'misham' means 'from there', 'achapes' means 'I will seek/search', 'velkachtim' means 'and I will take them', 've'im' means 'and if', 'yisatrú' means 'they conceal themselves', 'min' means 'from', 'eged' means 'before', 'einai' means 'my eyes', 'bekarka' means 'in the whirlpool', 'hayam' means 'the sea', 'misham' means 'from there', 'atzaveh' means 'I will command', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'hanachash' means 'the serpent', 'unesakim' means 'and they will be destroyed'.
[AMO.9.4] And if they go in retreat before their enemies, from there I will command the sword and slay them, and I will set my eye upon them for evil and not for good. [§]
Ve'im yeilekhu bashevi lifnei oiveihem misham atzavveh et hacheret vaharagatam vesamti eini aleihem leraah velo letova.
'Ve' means 'and', 'im' means 'if', 'yeilekhu' means 'they go', 'bashevi' means 'in retreat', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'oiveihem' means 'their enemies', 'misham' means 'from there', 'atzavveh' means 'I will command', 'et' is a direct object marker (untranslated), 'hacheret' means 'the sword', 'vaharagatam' means 'and I will slay them', 'vesamti' means 'and I will set', 'eini' means 'my eye', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'leraah' means 'for evil', 'velo' means 'and not', 'letova' means 'for good'.
[AMO.9.5] And my Lord Yahveh, the hosts, who shakes the earth, and it trembled, and all who dwell in it were terrified, and it rose like a river, the whole, and it sank like the river of Egypt. [§]
vaAdonai Yahveh hatzvaot hanogea baaretz vatomog veavlu kol yoshvei ba ve'alta kayor kula veshaka kiyor mitzrayim.
'vaAdonai' means 'and my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the divine name of God, 'hatzvaot' means 'the armies' or 'hosts', 'hanogea' means 'who shakes' or 'who strikes', 'baaretz' means 'the earth', 'vatomog' means 'and it was shaken', 'veavlu' means 'and they were terrified', 'kol' means 'all', 'yoshvei' means 'inhabitants', 'ba' means 'of it', 've'alta' means 'and it rose', 'kayor' means 'like a river', 'kula' means 'the whole', 'veshaka' means 'and it sank', 'kiyor' means 'like a river', 'mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[AMO.9.6] The builder in the heavens his steps and his congregation upon the earth its foundation the one who calls the waters of the sea and he poured them upon the face of the earth Yahveh his name. [§]
haboneh bashamayim ma'alotav vaagudato al eretz yesadah hakore lemei hayam vayishp'khem al-penei haaretz Yahveh shmo.
'haboneh' means 'the builder', 'bashamayim' means 'in the heavens', 'ma'alotav' means 'his ascents' (or 'his steps'), 'vaagudato' means 'and his congregation', 'al' means 'upon', 'eretz' means 'the earth', 'yesadah' means 'its foundation', 'hakore' means 'the one who calls', 'lemei' means 'the waters', 'hayam' means 'of the sea', 'vayishp'khem' means 'and he poured them', 'al-penei' means 'upon the face of', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'shmo' means 'his name'.
[AMO.9.7] Surely are not the children of the Kushites? You are for me the children of Israel, says Yahveh. Surely I lifted Israel from the land of Egypt, and the Philistines from Kaptor, and Aram from Kir. [§]
Halo kivnei Kushiyyim atem li b'nei Yisrael ne'um Yahveh halo et Yisrael he'aleiti me'eretz Mitzrayim u'Plishtiyim miKaptor vaAram miKir.
'Halo' means 'surely' or 'are not', 'kivnei' is a form of 'children of', 'Kushiyyim' means 'the Kushites', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ne'um' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'et' is the accusative marker (not translated), 'he'aleiti' means 'I have brought up' or 'I lifted', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'u'Plishtiyim' means 'and the Philistines', 'miKaptor' means 'from Kaptor', 'vaAram' means 'and Aram', 'miKir' means 'from Kir'.
[AMO.9.8] Behold, the eyes of my Lord Yahveh are in the kingdom of sin, and I will destroy it from the face of the earth, except that I will not destroy the house of Jacob, says Yahveh. [§]
Hineh einei Adonai Yahveh ba-mamlecha hachata ve-hishmadti otah me'al pnei ha-adamah efes ki lo hashemd ashmid et Bet Yaakov ne'um Yahveh.
'Hineh' means 'Behold', 'einei' means 'the eyes of', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ba-mamlecha' means 'in the kingdom', 'hachata' means 'of sin', 've-hishmadti' means 'and I will destroy', 'otah' means 'it', 'me'al' means 'from', 'pnei' means 'the face of', 'ha-adamah' means 'the earth', 'efes' means 'except', 'ki lo' means 'that not', 'hashemd' means 'I will destroy', 'ashmid' is a variant of the same verb, 'et Bet Yaakov' means 'the house of Jacob', 'ne'um' means 'says', and the final 'Yahveh' again names the LORD.
[AMO.9.9] For behold, I command and I will cause all the nations to move against the house of Israel as it will be shaken in the crisis, and the land's disaster will not fall. [§]
Ki-hineh anochi mitzaveh vahanoti bechol haggoyim et beit Yisrael ka'asher yinnnoa ba'kvirah ve'lo yipol tzeror arets.
'Ki-hineh' means 'for behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'mitzaveh' means 'command (present)', 'vahanoti' means 'and I will cause to move', 'bechol' means 'among all', 'haggoyim' means 'the nations', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'beit' means 'house', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'yinnnoa' means 'it will be shaken/move', 'ba'kvirah' means 'in the crisis', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yipol' means 'it will fall', 'tzeror' means 'disaster or distress', 'arets' means 'land'.
[AMO.9.10] By the sword they will die, all the sinners of my people, those who say 'You shall not bring and you will bring the evil in our time.' [§]
bacheret yamutu kol chattaei ami ha'omerim lo taggish ve'takdim ba'adeinu hara'ah.
'bacheret' means 'by the sword', 'yamutu' means 'they will die', 'kol' means 'all', 'chattaei' means 'sinners' (construct form of 'sinner'), 'ami' means 'my people', 'ha'omerim' means 'the ones who say', 'lo taggish' means 'you shall not bring', 've'takdim' means 'and you will bring forward', 'ba'adeinu' means 'in our time', 'hara'ah' means 'the evil'. The phrase 'lo taggish ve'takdim ba'adeinu hara'ah' is an idiomatic warning that those who claim God will not bring evil while actually bringing it in our time will be judged.
[AMO.9.11] On that day I will raise up the fallen tent of David, I will repair its breaches, and I will rebuild its walls, and I will build it as in days of old. [§]
ba-yom ha-hu okim et-sukkat David ha-nofelet ve-gadar'ti et-pirtzeihen ve-harisotav okim u-venitihah ki-mei olam.
'ba-yom' means 'in the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'okim' means 'I will raise up', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'sukkat' means 'tent', 'David' is the proper name David, 'ha-nofelet' means 'the fallen', 've-gadar'ti' means 'and I will repair', 'et' again accusative, 'pirtzeihen' means 'its breaches', 've-harisotav' means 'and its walls', 'okim' again 'I will raise up' (as in rebuild), 'u-venitihah' means 'and I will build it', 'ki-mei' means 'as in the days of', 'olam' means 'old' or 'everlasting'.
[AMO.9.12] In order that they may inherit the remnant of Edom and all the nations which are called my name upon them, says Yahveh, He does this. [§]
Lema'an yirshu et-she'erit Edom ve-khol-hagoyim asher-nikra shmi aleihem ne'um Yahveh oseh zot.
'Lema'an' means 'in order that', 'yirshu' means 'they may inherit', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'she'erit' means 'the remnant', 'Edom' is the proper name of Edom, 've‑khol' means 'and all', 'hagoyim' means 'the nations', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nikra' means 'is called', 'shmi' means 'my name', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'ne'um Yahveh' means 'says Yahveh' (Yahveh is the literal translation of YHWH), 'oseh' means 'does' or 'makes', 'zot' means 'this'. The verse therefore speaks of a purpose for inheriting Edom's remnant and the nations that bear the divine name, with Yahveh declaring the action.
[AMO.9.13] Behold, days are coming, says Yahveh, and the plowman draws near to the reaper, and the one who threads grapes with the seed‑drawer; the mountains will drip sweet juice, and all the hills will be shaken. [§]
Hinneh yamim ba'im ne'um Yahveh ve'nigash choresh ba'kotsér ve'dorekh anavim be-moshekh ha-zera ve'hitipu ha-harim asis ve'kol ha-gv'ot titmognah.
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'yamim' means 'days', 'ba'im' means 'are coming', 'ne'um' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've'nigash' means 'and draws near', 'choresh' means 'the plowman', 'ba'kotsér' means 'to the reaper', 've'dorekh' means 'and the one who threads', 'anavim' means 'grapes', 'be-moshekh' means 'with the one who draws', 'ha-zera' means 'the seed', 've'hitipu' means 'and the mountains will drip', 'ha-harim' means 'the mountains', 'asis' means 'sweet juice', 've'kol' means 'and all', 'ha-gv'ot' means 'the hills', 'titmognah' means 'will be shaken'.
[AMO.9.14] And I will restore the captivity of my people Israel; they will build cities, dwell there, plant vineyards, drink their wine, make gardens, and eat their fruit. [§]
ve-shavti et-shevut ami Yisrael u-venu arim neshamot ve-yashavu ve-nat'u keramim ve-shatu et-yeinam ve-asu ganot ve-achlu et-prihem.
've' means 'and', 'shavti' means 'I will bring back/restore', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shevut' means 'captivity', 'ami' means 'my people', 'Yisrael' is the name Israel, 'u-venu' means 'and they will build', 'arim' means 'cities', 'neshamot' means 'dwelling places' or 'habitations', 've-yashavu' means 'and they will dwell', 've-nat'u' means 'and they will plant', 'keramim' means 'vineyards', 've-shatu' means 'and they will drink', 'et-yeinam' means 'their wine', 've-asu' means 'and they will make', 'ganot' means 'gardens', 've-achlu' means 'and they will eat', 'et-prihem' means 'their fruit'.
[AMO.9.15] And you shall plant them upon their land, and they shall not be removed again from their land which I gave to them, says Yahveh your God. [§]
unetatim al-admatam velo yinatshu od me'al admatam asher natati lahem amar Yahveh Eloheikha.
'unetatim' means 'you shall plant them', 'al' means 'upon', 'admatam' means 'their land', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yinatshu' means 'they shall be removed', 'od' means 'again', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'asher' means 'which', 'natati' means 'I gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'amar' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'Eloheikha' means 'your God'.