2SA (Second Samuel)
2SA.1 • 2SA.2 • 2SA.3 • 2SA.4 • 2SA.5 • 2SA.6 • 2SA.7 • 2SA.8 • 2SA.9 • 2SA.10 • 2SA.11 • 2SA.12 • 2SA.13 • 2SA.14 • 2SA.15 • 2SA.16 • 2SA.17 • 2SA.18 • 2SA.19 • 2SA.20 • 2SA.21 • 2SA.22 • 2SA.23 • 2SA.24
2SA.1
[2SA.1.1] And it happened after the death of Saul, and David returned from striking the Amalekites, and David dwelt in Ziklag for two days. [§]
Vayehi acharei mot Shaul veDavid shav mehakat et haAmalek veYeshab David beTziklag yamim shnayim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it happened', 'acharei' means 'after', 'mot' means 'death', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'shav' means 'returned', 'mehakat' means 'from striking' or 'from beating', 'et' is the object marker (not rendered in English), 'haAmalek' means 'the Amalekites', 'veYeshab' means 'and dwelt' or 'and settled', 'David' is the personal name David, 'beTziklag' means 'in Ziklag', 'yamim' means 'days', 'shnayim' means 'two'.
[2SA.1.2] And it was on the third day, and behold, a man came from the camp of Saul with his garments torn and dust on his head; when he came to David, he fell to the ground and bowed. [§]
Vayehi bayom hashlishi vehineh ish ba min-hamachane me'im Shaul uvegdav keru'im va'adamah al-rosho vayehi bev'o el-David vayipol artzah vayishtachu.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'ish' means 'a man', 'ba' means 'came', 'min-hamachane' means 'from the camp', 'me'im' means 'from the presence of' (here 'from the camp of'), 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'uvegdav' means 'and his garments', 'keru'im' means 'torn', 'va'adamah' means 'and dust', 'al-rosho' means 'on his head', 'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'bev'o' means 'when he came', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'vayipol' means 'he fell', 'artzah' means 'to the ground', 'vayishtachu' means 'he bowed' or 'he worshiped'.
[2SA.1.3] And he said to him David, where from shall you come? And he said to him, from the camp of Israel I have fled. [§]
Vayomer lo David ei mizzeh tavo vayomer elav mimachane Yisrael nimlatti.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'David' is the personal name David, 'ei' means 'where', 'mizzeh' means 'from this', 'tavo' means 'you will come', 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'mimachane' means 'from the camp', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'nimlatti' means 'I have fled' or 'I escaped'.
[2SA.1.4] And he said to him, David, 'What was the matter? Please tell me.' And he answered, 'The people fled from the battle and also many fell from the people and they died, and also Saul and Jonathan his son died.' [§]
Vayomer elav David ma haya hadavar haged na li vayomer asher nas haam min hammilchamah vegam harbeh naphal min haam vayamutu vegam Shaul viyonatan bno metu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'David' is the name David, 'ma' means 'what', 'haya' means 'was', 'hadavar' means 'the matter', 'haged' means 'tell', 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please', 'li' means 'to me', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'asher' means 'that which', 'nas' means 'fled', 'haam' means 'the people', 'min' means 'from', 'hammilchamah' means 'the battle', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'harbeh' means 'many', 'naphal' means 'fell', 'min' means 'from', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayamutu' means 'and they died', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'viyonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'bno' means 'his son', 'metu' means 'died'.
[2SA.1.5] And David said to the young messenger, How did you know that Saul and his son Jonathan are dead? [§]
Vayomer David el-hana'ar hamagid lo eikh yada'ta ki-mavet Shaul viYonatan veno.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'el-hana'ar' means 'to the youth', 'hamagid' means 'the one who tells', 'lo' means 'to him', 'eikh' means 'how', 'yada'ta' means 'you knew', 'ki' means 'that', 'mavet' means 'dead', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'viYonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'veno' means 'his son' (referring to Jonathan as Saul's son).
[2SA.1.6] And the boy the messenger said to him, 'I am called Nicreiti on the mountain of Gilboa'; and behold Saul was leaning upon his spear, and behold the chariot, and the owners of the charioteers attached it to him. [§]
vayomer han-na'ar hamaggid lo nikro nikreiti behar hagilboa vehineh shaul nish'an al chanito vehineh harechev uva'lei haparashim hidbikhu.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'han-na'ar' means 'the boy', 'hamaggid' means 'the teller', 'lo' means 'to him', 'nikro' means 'I will be called', 'nikreiti' means 'I am called', 'behar' means 'on the mountain', 'hagilboa' means 'of Gilboa', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'shaul' means 'Saul', 'nish'an' means 'is leaning', 'al chanito' means 'upon his spear', 'harechev' means 'the chariot', 'uva'lei haparashim' means 'the owners of the charioteers', 'hidbikhu' means 'they attached it to him'.
[2SA.1.7] And he turned behind him and saw me and called to me, and I said, Behold, I am here. [§]
Vayifen achariyav vayir'eni vayikra elai va'omar hineni.
'Vayifen' means 'and he turned', 'achariyav' means 'behind him', 'vayir'eni' means 'and he saw me', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'elai' means 'to me', 'va'omar' means 'and I said', 'hineni' means 'behold, I am here'.
[2SA.1.8] And he said to me, Who are you? And I said to him, I am an Amalekite. [§]
Vayomer li mi-atah vayomar elav amaleki anochi.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'li' means 'to me', 'mi-atah' means 'who are you', 'vayomar' means 'and I said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'amaleki' means 'Amalekite', 'anochi' means 'I am'.
[2SA.1.9] And he said to me, 'Stand, please, upon me, and kill me, because my grasp the lash, because all still my soul is in me.' [§]
vayomer elai amadna alai umotteni ki achazani hashavatz ki kolod nafshi bi
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elai' means 'to me', 'amadna' means 'stand, please', 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'against me', 'umotteni' means 'and (he) will kill me', 'ki' means 'because', 'achazani' means 'my hold' or 'my grasp', 'hashavatz' means 'the rod' or 'the lash', 'ki' again means 'because', 'kolod' means 'all still', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'bi' means 'in me'.
[2SA.1.10] I stood upon him and struck him, because I knew that he would not live after his fall; I took the tuft that was on his head and I cut the one that was on his arm, and I brought them to my Lord, behold. [§]
Va'ehomed alav va'amotetahu ki yada'ti ki lo yichye acharei niflo va'ka'ach ha-nezer asher al-rosho ve'etzadah asher al-zer'o va'avie'em el-Adoni henna.
'Va'ehomed' means 'and I stood', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'va'amotetahu' means 'and I struck him', 'ki' means 'because/that', 'yada'ti' means 'I knew', 'lo' means 'not', 'yichye' means 'he will live', 'acharei' means 'after', 'niflo' means 'his fall', 'va'ka'ach' means 'and I took', 'ha-nezer' means 'the tuft/hair', 'asher' means 'that which', 'al-rosho' means 'on his head', 've'etzadah' means 'and I cut off', 'al-zer'o' means 'on his arm', 'va'avie'em' means 'and I brought them', 'el-Adoni' means 'to my Lord' (Adoni = my Lord), 'henna' means 'behold' or 'here they are'.
[2SA.1.11] And David seized his garments, tore them, and also all the men who were with him. [§]
Vayachazeq David bibgadav vayikra'em vegam kol-hanashim asher ito.
'Vayachazeq' means 'and he seized', 'David' is the proper name David, 'bibgadav' means 'in his garments', 'vayikra'em' means 'and he tore them', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'kol-hanashim' means 'all the men', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'ito' means 'with him'.
[2SA.1.12] They lamented and wept and fasted until evening over Saul and over Jonathan his son and over the people of Yahveh and over the house of Israel because they fell by the sword. [§]
va-yispedu va-yivku va-yatzumu ad-harev al-shaul ve-al-yehonatan beno ve-al-am Yahveh ve-al-beit Yisrael ki naf'lu becharev
'va-yispedu' means 'they lamented', 'va-yivku' means 'they wept', 'va-yatzumu' means 'they fasted', 'ad-harev' means 'until evening', 'al-shaul' means 'concerning Saul', 've-al-yehonatan' means 'and concerning Jonathan', 'beno' means 'his son', 've-al-am Yahveh' means 'and concerning the people of Yahveh', 've-al-beit Yisrael' means 'and concerning the house of Israel', 'ki' means 'because', 'naf'lu' means 'they fell', 'becharev' means 'by the sword'.
[2SA.1.13] David said to the young man who told him, 'Whose son are you?' And he answered, 'I am the son of an Amalekite.' [§]
Vayomer David el-hana'ar hamaggid lo ey mizeh atah vayomer ben-ish ger amaleqi anochi.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'el-hana'ar' means 'to the young man', 'hamaggid' means 'who told', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ey' means 'whose', 'mizeh' means 'son of this', 'atah' means 'you', 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'ben-ish' means 'son of a man', 'ger' means 'foreigner' or 'sojourner', 'amaleqi' means 'Amalekite', 'anochi' means 'I am'.
[2SA.1.14] And David said to him, How is it that you did not fear to send your hand to destroy the Anointed Yahveh? [§]
Vayomer elav David eych lo yareta lishloach yadkha leshachet et Meshiach Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'David' is the name David, 'eych' means 'how', 'lo' means 'not', 'yareta' means 'you feared', 'lishloach' means 'to send', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'leshachet' means 'to destroy', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Meshiach' means 'Anointed one', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH.
[2SA.1.15] David called one of the youths and said, 'Strike him,' and he struck him and he died. [§]
Va-yikra David le'echad meha-ne'arim va-yo'mer gash pegah-bo va-yakkhehu va-yamot.
'Va-yikra' means 'and he called', 'David' is the name David, 'le'echad' means 'to one', 'meha-ne'arim' means 'of the youths', 'va-yo'mer' means 'and he said', 'gash' is the imperative 'strike', 'pegah-bo' means 'hit him' (pegah = hit, bo = him), 'va-yakkhehu' means 'and he struck him', 'va-yamot' means 'and he died'.
[2SA.1.16] And David said to him, "Your blood be upon your head, for your mouth has spoken against me, saying, 'I have killed the Yahveh's anointed.'" [§]
Vayomer elav David damikha al roshkha ki pikecha ana vecha lemor anochi motati et mashiach Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'David' is the name David, 'damikha' means 'your blood', 'al' means 'upon', 'roshkha' means 'your head', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'pikecha' means 'your mouth', 'ana' means 'has spoken', 'vecha' means 'against me', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'anochi' means 'I', 'motati' means 'have killed', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'mashiach' means 'anointed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[2SA.1.17] And David set aside this tribute for Saul and for his son Jonathan. [§]
Vayqonen David et hakina hazot al Shaul ve'al Yehonatan beno.
'Vayqonen' means 'and he set aside', 'David' is the name David, 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no translation), 'hakina' means 'the tribute' or 'the offering', 'hazot' means 'this', 'al' means 'for' or 'upon', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 've'al' means 'and for', 'Yehonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'beno' means 'his son' (referring to Jonathan as David's son‑in‑law).
[2SA.1.18] And he said, to teach the sons of Judah a bow, behold, it is written upon the book of the upright. [§]
Vayomer lelammed b'nei-Yehudah kashet hineh ketubah al sefer hayashar.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lelammed' means 'to teach', 'b'nei-Yehudah' means 'the sons of Judah', 'kashet' means 'bow', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ketubah' means 'written', 'al' means 'upon', 'sefer' means 'book', 'hayashar' means 'the upright' or 'the just'.
[2SA.1.19] The mighty Israel, upon your thresholds, has been despoiled; how have the mighty fallen. [§]
hatzvi yisrael al-bamotekha chalal eich naf'lu gibborim.
'hatzvi' means 'the mighty', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'al-bamotekha' means 'upon your thresholds', 'chalal' means 'has been despoiled' or 'lies in ruin', 'eich' means 'how', 'naf'lu' means 'they have fallen', 'gibborim' means 'the mighty' (plural).
[2SA.1.20] Do not announce it in Gath, do not proclaim it in the streets of Ashkelon, lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised rejoice. [§]
Al-tagidu be-gath al-tevasru be-chutos ashkelon pen-tishmachna be-not pelishtim pen-ta'alozna be-not ha-arelim.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tagidu' means 'announce', 'be-gath' means 'in Gath', 'al' again means 'do not', 'tevasru' means 'proclaim', 'be-chutos' means 'in the streets', 'ashkelon' is the city name, 'pen' means 'lest', 'tishmachna' means 'the daughters of the Philistines rejoice', 'be-not' means 'the daughters of', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'pen' again means 'lest', 'ta'alozna' means 'the uncircumcised (people) rejoice', 'be-not' again 'the daughters of', 'ha-arelim' means 'the uncircumcised'.
[2SA.1.21] Behold, in Gilboa there is no dew nor rain upon you, and the fields of offerings, for there the shield of the mighty was smitten, the shield of Saul without an anointed one with oil. [§]
harei ba-gilboa al-tal ve-al-matar aleichem u-sdei terumot ki sham nig'al magen gibborim magen shaul b'li mashiach ba-shemen.
'harei' means 'behold', 'ba-gilboa' means 'in Gilboa', 'al-tal' means 'no dew', 've-al-matar' means 'nor rain', 'aleichem' means 'upon you (plural)', 'u-sdei' means 'and fields', 'terumot' means 'of offerings', 'ki' means 'because', 'sham' means 'there', 'nig'al' means 'was smitten' or 'was struck', 'magen' means 'shield', 'gibborim' means 'mighty ones' or 'heroes', 'magen shaul' means 'the shield of Saul', 'b'li' means 'without', 'mashiach' means 'anointed one', 'ba-shemen' means 'with oil'.
[2SA.1.22] From the blood of the slain and from the milk of the mighty, the sword of Jonathan shall not be hidden again, and the sword of Saul shall not return empty. [§]
Mi-dam chalalim me-chelev gibborim keshet Yehonatan lo nasog achor ve-cherav Shaul lo tashuv reikam.
'Mi-dam' means 'from the blood', 'chalalim' means 'of the slain', 'me-chelev' means 'from the milk', 'gibborim' means 'of the mighty (heroes)', 'keshet' means 'sword', 'Yehonatan' is the name 'Jonathan', 'lo' means 'not', 'nasog' means 'to be hidden' or 'to be concealed', 'achor' means 'again', 've-cherav' means 'and sword', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'tashuv' means 'will return', 'reikam' means 'empty (plural)'.
[2SA.1.23] Saul and Jonathan, the beloved and the cherished, in life and in death were never separated; among the youths they were swift and mighty. [§]
Shaul viYonatan ha ne'ehavim ve ha ne'imim bechayeihem uve'motam lo niph'radu min nesharim kalu me'arayot gaveru.
'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'viYonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'ha ne'ehavim' means 'the beloved', 've ha ne'imim' means 'and the pleasant/cherished', 'bechayeihem' means 'in their lives', 'uve'motam' means 'and in their deaths', 'lo niph'radu' means 'were not separated', 'min nesharim' means 'from the youths', 'kalu' (from the root 'kil') denotes 'were light/quick', 'me'arayot' is understood here as 'from the ranks' or 'among the mighty', and 'gaveru' means 'they were strong or brave'.
[2SA.1.24] The daughters of Israel went to Saul in bitterness, the one who clothes you with wine and grapes, the bringer of gold upon your clothing. [§]
banot Yisrael el Shaul bechina ha-malbishchem shani im adanim ha-maale adi zahav al levushchen.
'banot' means 'daughters', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'bechina' means 'in bitterness' (or 'in anger'), 'ha-malbishchem' means 'the one who clothes you', 'shani' means 'year' (or a type of wine), 'im' means 'with', 'adanim' means 'grapes', 'ha-maale' means 'the bringer', 'adi' means 'gold', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'al' means 'upon', 'levushchen' means 'your clothing'.
[2SA.1.25] How have the mighty fallen in the battle, Jonathan, upon your high places, has perished. [§]
Eikh naphelu gibborim betoch ha-milchamah Yehonatan al-bamotecha chalal.
'Eikh' means 'how', 'naphelu' means 'have fallen', 'gibborim' means 'the mighty (men)', 'betoch' means 'within' or 'in the midst of', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the battle', 'Yehonatan' is a proper name meaning 'Yahveh has given', 'al' means 'upon' or 'against', 'bamotecha' means 'your high places' or 'your roofs', 'chalal' means 'has perished' or 'has been destroyed'.
[2SA.1.26] A trouble is upon me, my brother Jonathan; you have been very pleasant to me, and I am amazed at your love for me more than the love of women. [§]
tzar li alayka achi yehonatan na'amta li meod nifleta ahavatekha li meahavat nashim
'tzar' means 'trouble' or 'distress', 'li' means 'to me', 'alayka' means 'upon you', 'achi' means 'my brother', 'yehonatan' is the proper name 'Jonathan', 'na'amta' means 'you were pleasant' or 'you showed kindness', 'li' means 'to me', 'meod' means 'very', 'nifleta' means 'was amazed' or 'marveled', 'ahavatekha' means 'your love', 'li' again means 'to me', 'meahavat' means 'more than the love of', and 'nashim' means 'women'.
[2SA.1.27] How have the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished. [§]
Eich naplu gibborim vayovdu klei milchamah.
'Eich' means 'how', 'naplu' means 'have fallen', 'gibborim' means 'the mighty' or 'heroes', 'vayovdu' means 'and have perished', 'klei' means 'weapons' or 'tools', 'milchamah' means 'of war'.
2SA.2
[2SA.2.1] And it happened afterward, and David asked Yahveh, saying, "Shall I go up to one of the cities of Judah?" And Yahveh said to him, "Go up." And David said, "Where shall I go up?" And He said, "To Hebron." [§]
Vayehi acharay khen vayishal David baYahveh le'emor ha'eleh be'achat arei Yehudah vayomer Yahveh elav aleh vayomer David ana e'eleh vayomer chevrona.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'acharay' means 'afterward', 'khen' means 'then', 'vayishal' means 'and David asked', 'David' is the name David, 'baYahveh' means 'of Yahveh' (the name YHVH translated as Yahveh), 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ha'eleh' means 'shall I go up', 'be'achat' means 'to one of', 'arei' means 'the cities of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'elav' means 'to him', 'aleh' means 'go up', 'vayomer' again 'and said', 'David' the name, 'ana' means 'where', 'e'eleh' means 'shall I go up', 'vayomer' again 'and said', 'chevrona' means 'Hebron'.
[2SA.2.2] David went up there also with his two wives, Ahinoam the Izreelitess and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite. [§]
Vayya'al sham David ve gam shtei nashav Ahinoam hayizreelit ve Avigail eshet Nabal hakarmeli.
'Vayya'al' means 'and he went up', 'sham' means 'there', 'David' is the name David, 've' means 'and', 'gam' means 'also', 'shtei' means 'two', 'nashav' means 'wives', 'Ahinoam' is a proper name, 'hayizreelit' means 'the Izreelitess' (woman from Izreel), 've' means 'and', 'Avigail' is a proper name, 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Nabal' is a proper name, 'hakarmeli' means 'the Carmelite' (from Carmel).
[2SA.2.3] And his men who were with him, David brought a man and his household, and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron. [§]
va'anashav asher immo he'ela David ish uveito vayeshvu be'arei Hevron.
'va' means 'and', 'anashav' means 'his men', 'asher' means 'who', 'immo' means 'with him', 'he'ela' means 'brought' or 'raised', 'David' is the name David, 'ish' means 'a man', 'uveito' means 'and his household', 'vayeshvu' means 'they dwelt', 'be'arei' means 'in the cities of', 'Hevron' is the city Hebron.
[2SA.2.4] And the men of Judah came and there they anointed David as king over the house of Judah and they reported to David saying the men of Jabesh Gilead who buried Saul. [§]
Vayyavohu anshei Yehudah vayimshchu-sham et David lemelech al beit Yehudah vayaggidu leDavid le'emor anshei Yabeish Gil'ad asher kavru et Shaul.
'Vayyavohu' means 'and they came', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'vayimshchu' means 'they anointed', 'sham' means 'there', 'et' is the accusative particle (no translation), 'David' is the name David, 'lemelech' means 'as king', 'al' means 'over', 'beit' means 'house', 'vayaggidu' means 'they reported', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'Yabeish' means 'Jabesh', 'Gil'ad' means 'Gilead', 'asher' means 'who', 'kavru' means 'buried', 'Shaul' is the name Saul.
[2SA.2.5] And David sent messengers to the men of Yabeish of Gil'ad, and said to them, Blessed you are to Yahveh who have performed this kindness with your Lord Saul and have buried him. [§]
Vayishlach David mal'achim el-an'shei Yabei'sh Gil'ad vayomer aleihem beruchim atem laYahveh asher asitem ha-chesed ha-zeh im-adoneichem im-Shau'el vatik'veru oto.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'David' is the proper name David, 'mal'achim' means 'messengers', 'el' means 'to', 'an'shei' means 'the men of', 'Yabei'sh' is a place name Yabeish, 'Gil'ad' is the region Gil'ad, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'beruchim' means 'blessed', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHWH rendered as Yahveh), 'asher' means 'who', 'asitem' means 'you have done', 'ha-chesed' means 'the kindness', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 'im-adoneichem' means 'with your Lord', 'im-Shau'el' means 'with Saul', 'vatik'veru' means 'and you buried', 'oto' means 'him'.
[2SA.2.6] Now Yahveh will show you kindness and truth, and also I will do with you this good thing which you have done in this matter. [§]
ve'atah ya'as Yahveh imachem chesed ve'emet ve'gam anochi e'ase itchem hatova hazot asher asitem hadavar hazeh.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'ya'as' means 'will do', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'imachem' means 'with you (plural)', 'chesed' means 'kindness', 've'emet' means 'and truth', 've'gam' means 'and also', 'anochi' means 'I', 'e'ase' means 'will do', 'itchem' means 'with you', 'hatova' means 'the good', 'hazot' means 'this', 'asher' means 'which', 'asitem' means 'you have done', 'hadavar' means 'the matter/thing', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[2SA.2.7] Now be strong, your hands, and be sons of valor, for your Lord Saul is dead, and also I have anointed the house of Judah to a king over them. [§]
ve'ata techaznekha yedekhem viheyoo levnei-chayil ki-mett adoneikhem shaul vegam oti mashchu beit-yehuda lemelek aleihem.
've'ata' means 'now', 'techaznekha' means 'you will strengthen', 'yedekhem' means 'your hands', 'viheyoo' means 'and be', 'levnei' means 'sons of', 'chayil' means 'valor' or 'strength', 'ki-mett' means 'for died', 'adoneikhem' means 'your Lord' (Adonai = my Lord, with your suffix), 'shaul' is the name Saul, 'vegam' means 'also', 'oti' means 'I', 'mashchu' means 'have anointed', 'beit-yehuda' means 'house of Judah', 'lemelek' means 'to a king', 'aleihem' means 'over them'.
[2SA.2.8] And Abner son of Ner, commander of the army who was to Saul, took a man, Bosheth son of Saul, and carried him into the camp. [§]
veAvner benNer sartsava asher leShaul lakach etish Boshet benShaul vayavrihu machanayim.
've' means 'and', 'Avner' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Ner' is a proper name, 'sar' means 'commander', 'tsava' means 'army', 'asher' means 'who', 'le' means 'to/for', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'lakach' means 'took', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ish' means 'man', 'Boshet' is a proper name (meaning 'shame'), 'ben' means 'son of', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'va' means 'and', 'yavrihu' means 'carried him', 'machanayim' means 'the camp' or 'camps'.
[2SA.2.9] And he made him king over Gilead and over Asher and over Zebulun and over Ephraim and over Benjamin and over all Israel. [§]
Vayamelichehu el‑ha‑gilaad ve‑el‑ha‑ashuri ve‑el‑yizrael ve‑al‑efrayim ve‑al‑binyamin ve‑al‑yisrael kullo.
'Vayamelichehu' means 'and he made him king', 'el‑ha‑gilaad' means 'over Gilead', 've‑el‑ha‑ashuri' means 'and over Asher', 've‑el‑yizrael' means 'and over Zebulun', 've‑al‑efrayim' means 'and over Ephraim', 've‑al‑binyamin' means 'and over Benjamin', 've‑al‑yisrael' means 'and over Israel', 'kullo' means 'all of it' or 'all'.
[2SA.2.10] At forty years, the man of shame son of Saul, in his reign over Israel, reigned for two years; only the house of Judah were after David. [§]
Ben-arba'im shanah ish-boshet ben-Shaul be-malko al-Yisrael u'shtayim shanim malach ach beit Yehudah hayu acharei David.
'Ben-arba'im' means 'at forty', 'shanah' means 'year' (here indicating age), 'ish-boshet' means 'man of shame' (a descriptive epithet), 'ben-Shaul' means 'son of Saul', 'be-malko' means 'in his reign', 'al-Yisrael' means 'over Israel', 'u'shtayim' means 'and two', 'shanim' means 'years', 'malach' means 'he reigned', 'ach' means 'only', 'beit Yehudah' means 'the house of Judah', 'hayu' means 'were', 'acharei' means 'after', and 'David' is the name David.
[2SA.2.11] And the number of days that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months. [§]
Vayehi mispar hayamim asher haya David melekh beChevron al beit Yehudah shiva shanim ve shisha chodeshim.
Vayehi means 'and it was', mispar means 'the number', hayamim means 'of days', asher means 'that', haya means 'was', David is the name, melekh means 'king', beChevron means 'in Hebron', al means 'over', beit means 'house', Yehudah means 'Judah', shiva means 'seven', shanim means 'years', ve means 'and', shisha means 'six', chodeshim means 'months'.
[2SA.2.12] And Abner son of Ner and the servants of Ish-bosheth son of Saul went out from the camp of Gibeon. [§]
Vayetse Abner ben Ner ve'avdei Ish-bosheth ben Shaul mimachnayim givonah.
'Vayetse' means 'and he went out', 'Abner' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Ner' is a personal name, 've'avdei' means 'and the servants of', 'Ish-bosheth' is a personal name meaning 'man of shame', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Shaul' is a personal name, 'mimachnayim' means 'from the camps', 'givonah' means 'Gibeon'.
[2SA.2.13] And Joab son of Zeruiah and David's servants went out, and they met them at the pool of Gibeon together; and these sat on the pool from this side, and those on the pool from that side. [§]
Veyoaav ben-Tzeruya ve'avdei David yatze'u vayifgeshum al-berechat Gib'on yachdav vayeshvu eileh al-haberekhah mizzeh ve'eileh al-haberekhah mizzeh.
'Ve' means 'and', 'Yoav' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Tzeruya' is a proper name, 've' again means 'and', 'avdei' means 'servants of', 'David' is a proper name, 'yatze\'u' means 'they went out', 'vayifgeshum' means 'and they met them', 'al' means 'at/on', 'berechat' means 'the pool of', 'Gib\'on' is a place name, 'yachdav' means 'together', 'vayeshu' means 'they sat', 'eileh' means 'these', 'al' again 'on', 'haberekhah' means 'the pool', 'mizzeh' means 'from this side', 've' means 'and', 'eileh' means 'those', 'al' again 'on', 'haberekhah' 'the pool', 'mizzeh' 'from that side'.
[2SA.2.14] And Abner said to Joab, 'Arise now, the youths, and make sport before us.' And Joab said, 'Arise.' [§]
Vayomer Avner elYoav yakumu na hanearim veisachaku lefanenu vayomer Yoav yakumu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avner' is the name Abner, 'el' means 'to', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'yakumu' means 'let them arise' (imperative plural), 'na' is a pleading particle often rendered 'please' or 'now', 'hanearim' means 'the youths', 'veisachaku' means 'and they shall make sport' (from the root meaning to play or jest), 'lefanenu' means 'before us', the second 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', the second 'Yoav' is Joab's name, and the final 'yakumu' means 'let them arise'.
[2SA.2.15] And they arose and crossed, a numbered group of twelve for Benjamin, and for a man named Boshset son of Saul, and twelve of David's servants. [§]
Vayakumu vayya'avru be-mispar shenayim asar leVinyaman u le'ish Boshset ben Shaul u shenayim asar me'avdei David.
'Vayakumu' means 'and they arose', 'vayya'avru' means 'and they crossed', 'be-mispar' means 'in number', 'shenayim asar' means 'twelve', 'leVinyaman' means 'for Benjamin', 'u le'ish' means 'and for a man', 'Boshset' is a personal name, 'ben Shaul' means 'son of Saul', 'u shenayim asar' means 'and twelve', 'me'avdei' means 'of the servants', 'David' is the name David.
[2SA.2.16] They held a man by the head of his companion, and his sword at the side of his companion; they fell together, and he called that place the portion of the rocks which is in Gibeon. [§]
Vayachazku ish berosh re'ehu vecharvo betzad re'ehu vayiplu yachdav vayikra lamakom hahu chelkat hatzurim asher bigivon.
'Vayachazku' means 'they held', 'ish' means 'a man', 'berosh' means 'in the head (of)', 're'ehu' means 'his companion', 'vecharvo' means 'and his sword', 'betzad' means 'at the side', 'vayiplu' means 'they fell', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'vayikra' means 'he called', 'lamakom' means 'to the place', 'hahu' means 'that', 'chelkat' means 'portion' or 'share', 'hatzurim' means 'the rocks', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'bigivon' means 'in Gibeon'.
[2SA.2.17] The battle was very hard that day, and Abner and the men of Israel fled before the servants of David. [§]
va-tehi ha-milchamah kasha ad-meod ba-yom ha-hu vayinnah gef Avner ve-an-shei Yisrael lifnei avdei David.
'va-tehi' means 'and it was', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the battle', 'kasha' means 'hard', 'ad-meod' means 'very', 'ba-yom' means 'in the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'vayinnah gef' means 'and fled', 'Avner' is a personal name, 've-an-shei Yisrael' means 'and the men of Israel', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'avdei David' means 'the servants of David'.
[2SA.2.18] There were there three sons of Zeruiah: Joab, Abishai, and Asahel. And Asahel was swift of foot like one of the charioteers in the field. [§]
Vayihyu sham shloshah b'nei Tzeruya Yoav vaAvishai vaAsael; veAsael kal beraglav ke'achad hatz'vayim asher basadeh.
'Vayihyu' means 'there were', 'sham' means 'there', 'shloshah' means 'three', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Tzeruya' is a proper name (Zeruiah), 'Yoav' is a proper name (Joab), 'vaAvishai' means 'and Abishai', 'vaAsael' means 'and Asahel', 'veAsael' repeats 'and Asahel', 'kal' means 'light' or 'swift', 'beraglav' means 'in his foot/step', 'ke'achad' means 'like one', 'hatz'vayim' means 'of the charioteers', 'asher' means 'who', 'basadeh' means 'in the field'.
[2SA.2.19] And Asahel pursued Abner, and he would not turn to go on the right or on the left from behind Abner. [§]
Vayirdef Asahel acharei Abner velo natah lalekhet al hayamin ve al hasmoel me'acharei Abner.
'Vayirdef' means 'and he pursued', 'Asahel' is a proper name, 'acharei' means 'after' or 'behind', 'Abner' is a proper name, 'velo' means 'and not', 'natah' means 'turned', 'lalekhet' means 'to go' or 'to walk', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'hayamin' means 'the right side', 've' means 'and', 'al' again means 'on', 'hasmoel' means 'the left side', 'me'acharei' means 'from behind' or 'after'.
[2SA.2.20] And Abner turned after him and said, 'Are you this Asael?' And he said, 'I am.' [§]
Vayyifen Avner acharei vayyomer ha'atta zeh Asael vayyomer anochi.
'Vayyifen' means 'and turned', 'Avner' is the proper name Abner, 'acharei' means 'after him', 'vayyomer' means 'and said', 'ha'atta' means 'you (masc.)', 'zeh' means 'this', 'Asael' is treated as a proper name meaning 'doer of God', and 'anochi' means 'I'.
[2SA.2.21] Abner said to him, 'I will stretch you out on your right or on your left, and I will hold for you one of the youths, and take for you his garment, and God was not willing to turn away from behind him.' [§]
Vayomer lo Avner nteh lecha al-yemincha o al-s'molecha ve'echoz lecha echad mehanearim ve-kach-lecha et-chalitzato velo-ava Asa'el la-sur meacharev.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Avner' is the proper name Abner, 'nteh' means 'stretch' or 'extend', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'al-yemincha' means 'on your right', 'o al-s'molecha' means 'or on your left', 've'echoz' means 'and I will hold', 'echad' means 'one', 'mehanearim' means 'of the youths', 've-kach-lecha' means 'and take for you', 'et-chalitzato' means 'his garment', 'velo-ava' means 'and was not willing', 'Asa'el' is composed of 'Asa' (does) and 'El' which is the name of God and therefore translated literally as 'God', so the phrase means 'God was not willing', 'la-sur' means 'to turn away', 'meacharev' means 'from behind him'.
[2SA.2.22] And Avner added, saying to Asahel, 'Turn away from me, why shall I strike the ground, and how shall I lift my face toward Yoav your brother?' [§]
Vayosef od Avner le'emor el-''Asahel sur lekha me'acharei lama akheka artzah ve'eykh esa fanai el-Yoav achikha.
'Vayosef' means 'and he added', 'od' means 'again', 'Avner' is a proper name, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'el' means 'to', ''Asahel' is a proper name, 'sur' means 'turn away' or 'depart', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'me'acharei' means 'from behind' or 'after me', 'lama' means 'why', 'akheka' (from the root *k-kh*) means 'shall I strike' or 'shall I beat', 'artzah' means 'the ground' or 'the earth', 've'eykh' means 'and how', 'esa' means 'shall I lift' or 'raise', 'fanai' means 'my face', 'el' means 'to', 'Yoav' is a proper name, 'achikha' means 'your brother'.
[2SA.2.23] And he refused to turn away, and he struck him, Avner, behind the spear to the sun, and the spear went out from behind him, and he fell there and died underneath. And it was that all who came to the place where he fell there, Asael died, and they stood. [§]
Vayimaen lasur vayakkehu Avner beacharei ha-hanit el hachomes vate'tze ha-hanit meacharayv vayipal sham vayamat tachav vayehi kol-haba el hamakom asher nafal sham Asael vayamot vayya'amodu.
'Vayimaen' means 'and he refused', 'lasur' means 'to turn away', 'vayakkehu' means 'and he struck him', 'Avner' is a personal name, 'beacharei' means 'behind' or 'after', 'ha-hanit' means 'the spear', 'el' means 'to', 'hachomes' means 'the sun', 'vate'tze' means 'and it went out' or 'came out', 'meacharayv' means 'from behind him', 'vayipal' means 'and he fell', 'sham' means 'there', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'tachav' means 'under' or 'below', 'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kol-haba' means 'all who comes', 'el' means 'to', 'hamakom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'that', 'nafal' means 'fell', 'Asael' is a personal name (possibly "Azazel"), 'vayamot' means 'and died', 'vayya'amodu' means 'and they stood'.
[2SA.2.24] And Joab and Abishai pursued after Abner, and the sun rose, and they came to the hill of Amma which is on the face of Gihah, the road of the desert of Gibeon. [§]
vayyirdefu Yoav veAvishai acharai Avner vehashomesh baah vehema ba'u ad-givaat Amma asher al-penei-gich derekh midbar Gibon.
'vayyirdefu' means 'and they pursued', 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab, 'veAvishai' means 'and Abishai', 'acharai' means 'after' or 'behind', 'Avner' is the name Abner, 'vehashomesh' means 'and the sun', 'baah' means 'came up' or 'rose', 'vehema' means 'and they', 'ba'u' means 'came', 'ad-givaat' means 'to the hill of', 'Amma' is a place name, 'asher' means 'that/which', 'al-penei' means 'on the face of', 'gich' is a place name Gihah, 'derekh' means 'road', 'midbar' means 'desert', 'Gibon' is the place Gibeon.
[2SA.2.25] And the sons of Benjamin were gathered after Abner, and they became one group, and they stood on the top of one hill. [§]
Vayitkabetzu b'nei-Binyamin achare Avner vayihu la'agguda ehat vayamdu al rosh-gibbaha ehat.
'Vayitkabetzu' means 'they gathered', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Binyamin' is the tribe name 'Benjamin', 'achare' means 'after', 'Avner' is the personal name 'Abner', 'vayihu' means 'and they became', 'la'agguda' means 'into one group', 'ehat' means 'one' (feminine), 'vayamdu' means 'they stood', 'al' means 'on', 'rosh' means 'head' or 'top', 'gibbaha' means 'hill' or 'mountain', 'ehat' again means 'one'.
[2SA.2.26] Avner called to Joab and said, 'Will you forever eat the sword? Is it not that you knew that bitterness will be in the end? And until when will you not say to the people to return from after their brothers?' [§]
Vayikra Avner el Yoav vayomer halanetzach tochal cherav halo yada'ta ki marah tihyeh ba'acharonah ve'ad matay lo tomar la'am lashuv me'acharei achayhem.
'Vayikra' means 'he called', 'Avner' is a proper name, 'el' means 'to', 'Yoav' is a proper name, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'halanetzach' means 'will you forever' (literally 'forever'), 'tochal' means 'you will eat', 'cherav' means 'sword', 'halo' means 'is not', 'yada'ta' means 'you knew', 'ki' means 'that', 'marah' means 'bitter', 'tihyeh' means 'you will become', 'ba'acharonah' means 'in the end', 've'ad' means 'and until', 'matay' means 'when', 'lo' means 'not', 'tomar' means 'you will say', 'la'am' means 'to the people', 'lashuv' means 'to return', 'me'acharei' means 'after', 'achayhem' means 'their brothers'.
[2SA.2.27] And Yoav said, 'By the Gods, if you had not spoken, then from the morning the people would rise, each man after his brother.' [§]
Vayomer Yoav Chai HaElohim ki lule dibarta ki az mehaboker na'alah ha'am ish me'acharei achiv.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Yoav' is a proper name (here representing Job), 'Chai' means 'alive' used as an oath equivalent to 'by', 'HaElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the plural noun Elohim with the definite article), 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'lule' means 'if not' or 'were it not that', 'dibarta' means 'you have spoken', another 'ki' means 'that', 'az' means 'then', 'mehaboker' means 'from the morning', 'na'alah' means 'we will go up' or 'rise', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ish' means 'a man' or 'each man', 'me'acharei' means 'after' or 'behind', and 'achiv' means 'his brother'. The phrase 'Chai HaElohim' is rendered as an oath 'by the Gods'.
[2SA.2.28] And Joab sounded the trumpet, and all the people stood; they would not pursue Israel any longer, nor would they continue to fight. [§]
Vayitteka Yoav bashofar vayaaamdu kol haam velo yirdefu od acharei Yisrael velo yasfu od lehilachem.
'Vayitteka' means 'and he sounded', 'Yoav' is a personal name, 'bashofar' means 'the trumpet', 'vayaaamdu' means 'and they stood', 'kol haam' means 'all the people', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yirdefu' means 'they will pursue', 'od' means 'anymore', 'acharei' means 'after', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'yasfu' means 'they will add or continue', 'lehilachem' means 'to fight'.
[2SA.2.29] And Avner and his men walked in the evening all that night, and they crossed the Jordan and went the whole crossing and came to the camps. [§]
veAvner vaanashav halchu ba'aravah kol halaila hahu vaya'bru et-hayarden vayelchu kol-habiteron vayavo'u machanim.
'veAvner' means 'and Avner', 'vaanashav' means 'and his men', 'halchu' means 'went', 'ba'aravah' means 'in the evening', 'kol' means 'all', 'halaila' means 'the night', 'hahu' means 'that', 'vaya'bru' means 'and they crossed', 'et-hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'vayelchu' means 'and they went', 'kol-habiteron' means 'the whole crossing', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'machanim' means 'camps'.
[2SA.2.30] And Joab returned from behind Avner, and he gathered all the people, and he selected from the servants of David nineteen men and made God. [§]
ve-yoav shav me'acharei Avner, vayikbets et-kol ha'am, vayipakedu me'avde David tisha-asar ish ve'asa El.
've-yoav' means 'and Joab', 'shav' means 'returned', 'me'acharei' means 'from behind', 'Avner' is the name Avner, 'vayikbets' means 'and he gathered', 'et-kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'vayipakedu' means 'and he selected', 'me'avde' means 'from the servants of', 'David' is the name David, 'tisha-asar' means 'nineteen', 'ish' means 'men', 've'asa' means 'and made', 'El' means 'God' (translated literally as God).
[2SA.2.31] And the servants of David struck the men of Benjamin and the men of Abner, three hundred and sixty men died. [§]
ve'avde David hiki mi Binyamin u'veanshei Avner shlosh me'ot ve'shishim ish metu.
've'avde' means 'and the servants', 'David' is the name David, 'hiki' means 'struck' or 'killed', 'mi' means 'from' or 'of', 'Binyamin' means 'the tribe of Benjamin', 'u'veanshei' means 'and of the men of', 'Avner' is the name Abner, 'shlosh' means 'three', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 've'shishim' means 'and sixty', 'ish' means 'men', 'metu' means 'died'.
[2SA.2.32] And they lifted Asa'el and buried him in his father's tomb, which was at Bethlehem, and Joab and his men went all night and showed them at Chebron. [§]
Vayissa'u et-Asa'el vayikberu'hu bekever aviv asher beit Bethlehem vayelechu kol-halayla Yoav ve'anashav ve'ye'or lahem bechevron.
'Vayissa'u' means 'and they lifted' or 'carried', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Asa'el' is a personal name, 'vayikberu'hu' means 'and they buried him', 'bekever' means 'in a tomb', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'beit' means 'house' and together 'beit Bethlehem' refers to the town of Bethlehem, 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'kol-halayla' means 'all night', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 've'anashav' means 'and his men', 've'ye'or' means 'and he showed', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'bechevron' is the place Chebron.
2SA.3
[2SA.3.1] And there was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David, and David went and was strong, and the house of Saul went and were weak. [§]
Vattehi hamilchamah arukah bein beit Shaul uvein beit David veDavid holech vechazek ubeit Shaul holchim vadelim.
'Vattehi' means 'and there was', 'hamilchamah' means 'the war', 'arukah' means 'long', 'bein' means 'between', 'beit' means 'the house of', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'uvein' means 'and between', 'David' is a proper name, 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'holech' means 'went' or 'advanced', 'vechazek' means 'and was strong', 'ubeit' means 'and the house of', 'holchim' means 'went' or 'advanced' (plural), 'vadelim' means 'and (they) were feeble' or 'weak'.
[2SA.3.2] And David fathered sons in Chebron, and his firstborn was Amnon by Ahinoam the Israelite. [§]
Vayildū leDavid banīm bechevron vayhi bechorō Amnōn la'achinoam hayizraelit.
'Vayildū' means 'and he begot', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'banīm' means 'sons', 'bechevron' means 'in Chebron', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'bechorō' means 'his firstborn', 'Amnōn' is the personal name Amnon, 'la'achinoam' means 'to Ahinoam', 'hayizraelit' means 'the Israelite (woman)'.
[2SA.3.3] and his second Kilav to Avigil the wife of Nabal the Carmelite and the third Absalom son of Maacah daughter of Talmai king of Geshur. [§]
u-mishnehu kilav la-avigil eshet naval hakarmeli ve-hashlishi avshalom ben-maachah bat-talmai melekh geshur.
'u-mishnehu' means 'and his second [wife]'; 'kilav' is a personal name transliterated as Kilav; 'la-avigil' means 'to Avigil' (the name Avigil); 'eshet' means 'wife of'; 'naval' is the name Nabal; 'hakarmeli' means 'the Carmelite'; 've-hashlishi' means 'and the third [wife]'; 'avshalom' is the name Absalom; 'ben-maachah' means 'son of Maacah'; 'bat-talmai' means 'daughter of Talmai'; 'melek' means 'king'; 'geshur' is the place name Geshur.
[2SA.3.4] and the fourth, my Lord Yah son of Chaggit, and the fifth, Yah judges son of Avital. [§]
veha-revi'i Adoniyah ben Chaggit veha-chamishi Shephatiah ben Avital.
've' means 'and', 'ha-revi'i' means 'the fourth', 'Adoniyah' is a personal name composed of 'Adoni' meaning 'my Lord' and 'Yah' the short form of the divine name YHVH, so it is rendered as 'my Lord Yah', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Chaggit' is a proper name, 'veha-chamishi' means 'and the fifth', 'Shephatiah' is a personal name composed of 'Shephat' meaning 'judges' and 'Yah' the divine name, so it is rendered as 'Yah judges', 'Avital' is a proper name.
[2SA.3.5] And the Shishi will roar to a kid, the wife of David. These were born to David in Hebron. [§]
vehashishi yit'raam le'eglah eshet David eleh yuldu leDavid bechevron.
'vehashishi' means 'and the Shishi', a proper name; 'yit'raam' means 'will roar' or 'will cause to tremble'; 'le'eglah' means 'to a kid' (young goat); 'eshet David' means 'the wife of David'; 'eleh' means 'these'; 'yuldu' means 'were born'; 'leDavid' means 'to David' (as offspring of David); 'bechevron' means 'in Hebron', the city; 'פ' is a textual marker and is not translated.
[2SA.3.6] And it happened when the war was between the house of Saul and the house of David, and Abner was mustering in the house of Saul. [§]
Vayehi biheiyot haMilchamah bein beit Shaul uvein beit David veAvner haya mitchazek bebeit Shaul.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'biheiyot' means 'when there was' or 'in the time of', 'haMilchamah' means 'the war', 'bein' means 'between', 'beit' means 'house of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'uvein' means 'and between', 'David' is the name David, 'veAvner' means 'and Abner', 'haya' means 'was', 'mitchazek' means 'strengthening' or 'mustering', 'bebeit' means 'in the house of', 'Shaul' again is Saul.
[2SA.3.7] And there was a concubine of Saul, whose name was Ritzpa, daughter of Aiya; and he said to Abner, "Why have you come to my father's concubine?" [§]
UleShaul pilegesh, ushma Ritzpa bat Aiya, vayomer el Abner madua ba'tah el pilegesh abi.
'UleShaul' means 'and to Saul', 'pilegesh' means 'concubine', 'ushma' means 'and her name', 'Ritzpa' is a proper name, 'bat Aiya' means 'daughter of Aiya', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el Abner' means 'to Abner', 'madua' means 'why', 'ba'tah' means 'you came', 'el pilegesh abi' means 'to my father's concubine'.
[2SA.3.8] And Abner was very angry about the words of the man of shame, and he said, "The head is like a dog; I am the one belonging to Judah; today I will show kindness to the house of Saul, your father, to his brothers and to his enemies, and I will not strike you by the hand of David, and today the guilt of the woman has been laid upon me." [§]
Vayichar le'Avner me'od al-divrei Ish-boshet vayomer ha'rosh kelev anochi asher liYehudah hayom e'aseh chesed im Beit Shaul avikha el-ehavav ve'el-me-re'ehu velo himtzitkha be-yad David vatefkod alai avon ha'isha hayom.
'Vayichar' means 'and he became angry', 'le'Avner' means 'to Abner', 'me'od' means 'very', 'al' means 'about', 'divrei' means 'the words of', 'Ish-boshet' means 'the man of shame', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha'rosh' means 'the head', 'kelev' means 'as a dog', 'anochi' means 'I am', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'liYehudah' means 'to Judah', 'hayom' means 'today', 'e'aseh' means 'I will do/make', 'chesed' means 'kindness/loyal love', 'im' means 'with', 'Beit Shaul' means 'the house of Saul', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'el' means 'to', 'ehavav' means 'his brothers', 've'el' means 'and to', 'me-re'ehu' means 'his foes/enemies', 'velo' means 'and not', 'himtzitkha' means 'I will strike you', 'be-yad' means 'by the hand of', 'David' is a proper name, 'vatefkod' means 'and the guilt/charge was laid', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'avon' means 'guilt', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'hayom' means 'today'.
[2SA.3.9] Thus God will act for Abner, and thus He will add to him, because just as Yahveh swore to David, that indeed I will do for him. [§]
Ko ya'aseh Elohim le'Avner ve'ko yosif lo ki ka'asher nishba' Yahveh le'David ki-ken e'aseh lo.
'Ko' means 'Thus', 'ya'aseh' means 'he will do', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'le'Avner' means 'for Abner', 've'ko' means 'and thus', 'yosif' means 'he will add' or 'he will continue', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ki' means 'because', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'nishba'' means 'has sworn', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'le'David' means 'to David', 'ki-ken' means 'that indeed' or 'for thus', 'e'aseh' means 'I will do', 'lo' means 'for him'.
[2SA.3.10] to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and to establish the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan to Beersheba. [§]
leha'avir ha-mamlakah mi-beit Sha'ul ve-lehakim et kiseh David al Israel ve al Yehudah mi Dan ve ad be'er Shav.
'leha'avir' means 'to transfer', 'ha-mamlakah' means 'the kingdom', 'mi-beit' means 'from the house of', 'Sha'ul' is the name 'Saul', 've-lehakim' means 'and to establish', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kiseh' means 'throne', 'David' is the name 'David', 'al' means 'over', 'Israel' is the name of the northern kingdom, 've al' means 'and over', 'Yehudah' is the name of the southern kingdom, 'mi Dan' means 'from Dan', 've ad' means 'and up to', 'be'er Shav' means 'Beersheba'.
[2SA.3.11] And he could no longer bring back a word from his fear to him. [§]
Ve-lo yakhol od lehashiv et-Avner davar mi-yirato oto.
'Ve-lo' means 'and not', 'yakhol' means 'could', 'od' means 'anymore', 'lehashiv' means 'to bring back' or 'to return', 'et-Avner' means 'the person named Avner', 'davar' means 'a word' or 'thing', 'mi-yirato' means 'from his fear', 'oto' means 'to him' or 'him'.
[2SA.3.12] And Avner sent messengers to David, saying to him, 'To whom of the earth? You have made your covenant with me, and behold, my hand is with you to bring all Israel to you.' [§]
Vayishlach Avner malachim el David tachto le'emor lemi-aretz lemor kartah britkha iti vehineh yadi imakh lehashev eilekha et kol Yisrael.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Avner' is a proper name, 'malachim' means 'messengers', 'el' means 'to', 'David' is a proper name, 'tachto' means 'to him', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'lemi-aretz' means 'to whom of the earth', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'kartah' means 'you have made', 'britkha' means 'your covenant', 'iti' means 'with me', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'imakh' means 'with you', 'lehashev' means 'to bring', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.3.13] And he said, 'Good, I will make a covenant with you, but there is only one thing I ask of you: that you shall not see my face, unless I bring before you Michal the daughter of Saul when you come to see my face.' [§]
Vayomer tov ani echrōt itcha berit ach davar echad anochi shoel mei'tcha leemor lo-tir'eh et-panay ki im lifnei heviacha et Mikhal bat Shaul bevo'acha lirot et-panay.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'tov' means 'good', 'ani' means 'I', 'echrōt' means 'I will make', 'itcha' means 'with you', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'ach' means 'only', 'davar' means 'thing' or 'matter', 'echad' means 'one', 'anochi' means 'I', 'shoel' means 'asking', 'mei'tcha' means 'from you', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'lo-tir'eh' means 'you shall not see', 'et-panay' means 'my face', 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'heviacha' means 'I bring you', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Mikhal' means 'Michal', 'bat Shaul' means 'daughter of Saul', 'bevo'acha' means 'when you come', 'lirot' means 'to see', 'et-panay' again means 'my face'.
[2SA.3.14] And David sent messengers to the man of Bosheth, son of Saul, saying, Give my wife Mikhal, whom I have betrothed to me, for a hundred Philistine virgins. [§]
Vayishlach David malachim el ish-boshet ben Shaul le'emor tena et ishti et Mikhal asher erashti li be-meah arlot Philistim.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'David' is a proper name, 'malachim' means 'messengers', 'el' means 'to', 'ish-boshet' means 'the man of Bosheth', 'ben' means 'son', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'tena' means 'give', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ishti' means 'my wife', 'Mikhal' is a proper name, 'asher' means 'who', 'erashti' means 'I have betrothed', 'li' means 'to me', 'be-meah' means 'for a hundred', 'arlot' means 'virgins', 'Philistim' means 'Philistines'.
[2SA.3.15] And he sent a man to Bosh, and he took her from the people of a man from the people of Palti'el son of Lavish. [§]
vayishlach ish bosh vayikacheha me'am ish me'am Palti'el ben Lavish.
'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'ish' means 'a man', 'bosh' is a place name rendered here as Bosh, 'vayikacheha' means 'and he took her', 'me'am' means 'from the people of', the second 'ish' repeats 'a man', the second 'me'am' again means 'from the people of', 'Palti'el' is a personal name, and 'ben Lavish' means 'son of Lavish'.
[2SA.3.16] And he went with her, her husband, walking and weeping after her to the vineyards; and Abner said to him, "Go back", and he returned. [§]
Vayeilekh itah ishasha halokh uvakho acharah ad bachurim vayomer elav Avner lekh shuv vayashuv.
'Vayeilekh' means 'and he went', 'itat' means 'with her', 'ishasha' means 'her husband', 'halokh' means 'walking', 'uvakho' means 'and weeping', 'acharah' means 'after her', 'ad' means 'to', 'bachurim' means 'the vineyards', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Avner' is a proper name, 'lekh' means 'go', 'shuv' means 'back', 'vayashuv' means 'and he returned'.
[2SA.3.17] And the message of Abner was, with the elders of Israel, saying, "Even tomorrow, even the third day, you will be seeking David to be king over you." [§]
u dvar Avner haya im ziknei Yisrael le'emor gam temol gam shilshom heyitem mevakhshim et David lemelek aleikhem
'u' means 'and', 'dvar' means 'word' or 'message', 'Avner' is a personal name, 'haya' means 'was' or 'came', 'im' means 'with', 'ziknei' means 'the elders of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'temol' means 'tomorrow', second 'gam' again 'also/even', 'shilshom' means 'the third day', 'heyitem' means 'you will be', 'mevakhshim' means 'seeking' or 'asking for', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'David' is a personal name, 'lemelek' means 'to be king' or 'as king', 'aleikhem' means 'over you' or 'upon you'.
[2SA.3.18] And now do it because Yahveh said to David, saying, By the hand of David my servant he will save my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies. [§]
ve'atah asu ki Yahveh amar el-David le'emor be-yad David avdi hoshia et-ammi Yisrael mi-yad Pelishtim u-mi-yad kol oyvehem.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'asu' means 'do' (imperative), 'ki' means 'because', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'amar' means 'said', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'be-yad' means 'by the hand of', 'David' is the proper name, 'avdi' means 'my servant', 'hoshia' means 'he will save', 'et-ammi' means 'my people', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'u-mi-yad' means 'and from the hand of', 'kol' means 'all', 'oyvehem' means 'their enemies'.
[2SA.3.19] And Abner also spoke to the ears of Benjamin, and Abner also went to speak to the ears of David at Hebron, all that is good in the eyes of Israel and in the eyes of all the house of Benjamin. [§]
Vayedabber gam-Avner be'oznei Binyamin vayeilech gam-Avner ledabber be'oznei David beHebron et kol asher-tov be'einei Yisrael uve'einei kol beit Binyamin.
'Vayedabber' means 'and he spoke', 'gam' means 'also', 'Avner' is the personal name Avner, 'be'oznei' means 'in the ears of' (an idiom for 'to the hearing of'), 'Binyamin' means 'Benjamin', 'vayeilech' means 'and he went', 'ledabber' means 'to speak', 'David' is the personal name David, 'beHebron' means 'in Hebron', 'et' is a direct object marker (not rendered), 'kol' means 'all' or 'everything', 'asher-tov' means 'that is good', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'uve'einei' means 'and in the eyes of', 'kol' again means 'all', 'beit' means 'house of', 'Binyamin' again the name Benjamin.
[2SA.3.20] And Abner came to David at Hebron with twenty men, and David prepared a feast for Abner and for the men who were with him. [§]
Vayyavo Avern el-David Chevron ve-ito esrim anashim vayya'ase David le-Avern ve-la-anashim asher-itto mishteh.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'Avern' means 'Abner', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'Chevron' means 'Hebron', 've-ito' means 'and with him', 'esrim anashim' means 'twenty men', 'vayya'ase' means 'and he made/prepared', 'le-Avern' means 'for Abner', 've-la-anashim' means 'and for the men', 'asher-itto' means 'who were with him', 'mishteh' means 'a feast'.
[2SA.3.21] And Abner said to David, 'I will arise and go and gather to my Lord the king all Israel, and they will make a covenant with you, and you shall reign over all that your soul desires.' Then David sent Abner, and he went in peace. [§]
vayomer Avner el-David akuma ve'elecha ve'ekbetsa el-Adoni ha-melekh et-kol-Yisrael veyikhrtu itcha berith u'malkhta bechol asher-te'aveh nafshkha vayeshallah David et-Avner vayelekh be-shalom.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avner' is the name Abner, 'el-David' means 'to David', 'akuma' means 'I will arise', 've'elecha' means 'and go', 've'ekbetsa' means 'and I will gather', 'el-Adoni' means 'to my Lord' (Adoni translated as 'my Lord'), 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'et-kol-Yisrael' means 'all Israel', 'veyikhrtu' means 'they will make', 'itcha' means 'with you', 'berith' means 'covenant', 'u'malkhta' means 'you shall reign', 'bechol' means 'over all', 'asher-te'aveh' means 'that you desire', 'nafshkha' means 'your soul', 'vayeshallah' means 'and he sent', 'David' is the name David, 'et-Avner' means 'Abner', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'be-shalom' means 'in peace'.
[2SA.3.22] And behold the servants of David and Joab came from Gedor, and they brought much plunder with them, and Abner was not with David at Hebron, because he sent him away and he went in peace. [§]
vehinneh avdei David veyoav ba me haggedud veshalal rav imam heviu veAvner einenu im David beHebron ki shilchu vayelekh be shalom.
'vehinneh' means 'and behold', 'avdei' means 'servants of', 'David' is the proper name David, 'veyoav' means 'and Joab', 'ba' means 'came', 'me' means 'from', 'haggedud' means 'Gedor', 'veshalal' means 'and they brought', 'rav' means 'much', 'imam' means 'with them', 'heviu' means 'they brought', 'veAvner' means 'and Abner', 'einenu' means 'was not', 'im David' means 'with David', 'beHebron' means 'at Hebron', 'ki' means 'because', 'shilchu' means 'he sent him away', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'be shalom' means 'in peace'.
[2SA.3.23] And Joab and all the army that was with him came, and they reported to Joab, saying, Abner son of Ner has come to the king; and he sent him away, and he went in peace. [§]
veYoav vechol-hatzava asher-itto vau vayagidu leYoav le'emor ba-Avner ben-Ner el-hamelach vayeshalcheho vayelech beshalom.
'veYoav' means 'and Joab'; 'vechol-hatzava' means 'and all the army'; 'asher-itto' means 'that was with him'; 'vau' means 'came'; 'vayagidu' means 'and they reported'; 'leYoav' means 'to Joab'; 'le'emor' means 'saying'; 'ba-Avner' means 'Abner came'; 'ben-Ner' means 'son of Ner'; 'el-hamelach' means 'to the king'; 'vayeshalcheho' means 'and he sent him away'; 'vayelech' means 'and he went'; 'beshalom' means 'in peace'.
[2SA.3.24] And Yoav came to the king and said, 'What have you done? Behold, Avner has come to you; why did you send him?' And he went walking. [§]
Vayavo Yoav el-hamelakh vayomer meh asita hineh-vo Avner eleikha lamah-zeh shilachtah vayelekh haloch.
'Vayavo' means 'and came', 'Yoav' is the personal name Yoav, 'el-hamelakh' means 'to the king', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'meh' means 'what', 'asita' means 'you did', 'hineh-vo' means 'behold, he', 'Avner' is the personal name Avner, 'eleikha' means 'to you', 'lamah-zeh' means 'why this', 'shilachtah' means 'did you send him', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'haloch' means 'walking' or 'in a walking manner'.
[2SA.3.25] You knew Avner son of Ner because he came to tempt you, and to know your going out and your coming in, and to know all that you do. [§]
yadata et Avner ben Ner ki lefattocha ba veledaat et motsa'kha ve et movo'kha veledaat et kol asher atah oseh.
'yadata' means 'you knew', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Avner' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son', 'Ner' is a proper name, 'ki' means 'because', 'lefattocha' means 'to tempt you', 'ba' means 'came', 'veledaat' means 'and to know', 'motsa'kha' means 'your going out/exit', 'movo'kha' means 'your coming in/entrance', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'atah' means 'you', 'oseh' means 'do/are doing'.
[2SA.3.26] Now Joab went out from the presence of David, and sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the pit of the cistern, and David did not know. [§]
Vayetze Yoav me'em David vayishlach mal'achim acharay Avner vayashivu oto mibbor hasirah v'David lo yada.
'Vayetze' means 'and went out', 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab, 'me'em' means 'from the presence of', 'David' is the personal name David, 'vayishlach' means 'and sent', 'mal'achim' means 'messengers', 'acharay' means 'after', 'Avner' is the personal name Abner, 'vayashivu' means 'and they brought back', 'oto' means 'him', 'mibbor' means 'from the pit', 'hasirah' means 'the cistern', 'v'David' means 'and David', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada' means 'knew'.
[2SA.3.27] Abner returned to Hebron and Joab threw him into the interior of the gate to speak with him in the sun, and there the sun struck him and he died in the blood made God his brother. [§]
Vayashav Avner Hevron vayattehu Yoav el-toch haSha'ar le-daber ito basheshi vayakkehu sham haChomes vayamat be-dam asa-El achiv.
'Vayashav' means 'and returned', 'Avner' is the proper name Avner, 'Hevron' means 'Hebron', 'vayattehu' means 'and threw him' or 'cast him', 'Yoav' is the proper name Joab, 'el-toch' means 'into the interior', 'haSha'ar' means 'the gate', 'le-daber' means 'to speak', 'ito' means 'with him', 'basheshi' means 'in the sun' (or 'in the day'), 'vayakkehu' means 'and struck him', 'sham' means 'there', 'haChomes' means 'the sun', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'be-dam' means 'in blood', 'asa-El' means 'made-God' (the verb 'asa' 'made' followed by the divine name 'El' meaning 'God'), and 'achiv' means 'his brother'.
[2SA.3.28] And David heard after this and said, I am pure and my kingdom is from Yahveh forever, from the blood of Avner son of Ner. [§]
Vayishma David me'acharei chen vayomer Naki anochi u-mamlakhti me'im Yahveh ad olam mi-dmei Avner ben Ner.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'David' is the proper name David, 'me'acharei' means 'after', 'chen' means 'then', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Naki' means 'pure', 'anochi' means 'I', 'u-mamlakhti' means 'and my kingdom', 'me'im' means 'from the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ad' means 'until' or 'forever', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'mi-dmei' means 'from the blood of', 'Avner' is the proper name Avner, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Ner' is the proper name Ner.
[2SA.3.29] They shall be cut off upon the head of Joab and all the house of his father and they shall not be spared from the house of Joab fierce and leprous and who grasps the scourge and shall fall by the sword and lack of bread. [§]
Yachulu al rosh Yoav ve'el kol beit aviv ve'al yicharet mi beit Yoav zab umetzora umachazik ba pelach vnoffel ba cherev vchasar lahem.
'Yachulu' means 'they shall be cut off', 'al' means 'upon', 'rosh' means 'head', 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab, 've'el' means 'and from', 'kol' means 'all', 'beit' means 'house', 'aviv' means 'his father', 've'al' means 'and not', 'yicharet' means 'shall be spared', 'mi' means 'from', 'beit' means 'house', 'Yoav' again Joab, 'zab' means 'fierce', 'u' means 'and', 'metzora' means 'leprous', 'umachazik' means 'who grasps', 'ba' means 'in the', 'pelach' means 'scourge', 'vnoffel' means 'and shall fall', 'ba' means 'by the', 'cherev' means 'sword', 'vchasar' means 'and lack', 'lahem' means 'of bread'.
[2SA.3.30] And Joab and Abishai his brother killed Abner because they had killed Ash'aeel their brother in Gibeon in the battle. [§]
veYoav veAvishai achiv hargu leAvner al asher hemit et Ash'aeel achihem beGivon baMilchamah.
'veYoav' means 'and Joab', 'veAvishai' means 'and Abishai', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'hargu' means 'they killed', 'leAvner' means 'Abner', 'al' means 'because', 'asher' means 'that', 'hemit' means 'they killed', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Ash'aeel' is a personal name, 'achihem' means 'their brother', 'beGivon' means 'in Gibeon', 'baMilchamah' means 'in the battle'.
[2SA.3.31] And David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, tear your garments and fasten sacks and mourn before Abner, and the king David goes after the bed. [§]
vayomer David el-Yoav ve'el kol ha-am asher ito kiru bigdeichem vechigu sakim vesifdu lifnei Avner ve-hamelach David holech achar ha-mitah.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the proper name of the king, 'el-Yoav' means 'to Joab', 've'el' means 'and to', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'with him', 'kiru' means 'tear' (imperative plural), 'bigdeichem' means 'your garments', 'vechigu' means 'and fasten' (imperative plural), 'sakim' means 'sacks' or 'bags', 'vesifdu' means 'and mourn' (imperative plural), 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Avner' is the proper name Abner, 've-hamelach' means 'and the king', 'holech' means 'goes' or 'walks' (imperative present), 'achar' means 'after', 'ha-mitah' means 'the bed' (or couch).
[2SA.3.32] They buried Avner in Hebron, and the king lifted his voice, and he wept at Avner's grave, and all the people wept. [§]
Vayikberu et-Avner bechevron, vayisa ha-melekh et-kolo, vayevk el-kever Avner, vayivku kol haam.
'Vayikberu' means 'they buried', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Avner' is the name Avner, 'bechevron' means 'in Hebron', 'vayisa' means 'and he lifted/raised', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'et-kolo' means 'his voice', 'vayevk' means 'and he wept', 'el-kever' means 'at the grave of', 'Avner' repeats the name, 'vayivku' means 'they wept', 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people'.
[2SA.3.33] And the king appointed Abner and said, "The cup foolish shall die Abner." [§]
Vaykonen ha-melekh el-Abner vayomar ha-kemot naval yamoot Abner.
'Vaykonen' means 'and he appointed', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el-Abner' means 'to/for Abner' (the name Abner), 'vayomar' means 'and he said', 'ha-kemot' means 'the cup', 'naval' means 'foolish' or 'fool', 'yamoot' means 'shall die', 'Abner' is the personal name retained as is.
[2SA.3.34] Your hand is not bound and your feet are not in irons; they have been trampled like a falcon before the sons of iniquity. You fell, and all the people added to weep over him. [§]
Yadeka lo asurot ve raglecha lo linchushtayim huggashu kinfol lifnei benei avla nafalta vayosifu kol haam livkot alav.
'Yadeka' means 'your hand', 'lo' means 'not', 'asurot' means 'bound', 've' means 'and', 'raglecha' means 'your feet', 'linchushtayim' means 'in irons', 'huggashu' means 'they have been trampled', 'kinfol' means 'like a falcon', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'benei' means 'sons of', 'avla' means 'wickedness' or 'iniquity', 'nafalta' means 'you fell', 'vayosifu' means 'and they added', 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'livkot' means 'to weep', 'alav' means 'over him'.
[2SA.3.35] And all the people came to bring forth bread for David while the day was still ongoing, and David satisfied himself, saying, Thus the Gods will do for me, and thus will add, because if before the coming of the sun I will taste bread—or all abundance. [§]
Vayyavo kol haam lehavrot et David lechem beod hayom vayishavea David le'emor ko ya'aseh li Elohim ve'ko yosif ki im lifnei bo ha-shemesh etam lechem o kol meuma.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'kol haam' means 'all the people', 'lehavrot' means 'to bring forth', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'David' is the name David, 'lechem' means 'bread', 'beod' means 'while still', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'vayishavea' means 'and David satisfied himself by saying', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ko' means 'thus', 'ya'aseh' means 'will do', 'li' means 'for me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 've'ko' means 'and thus', 'yosif' means 'will add', 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'bo' means 'the coming', 'ha-shemesh' means 'the sun', 'etam' means 'I will taste', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'o' means 'or', 'kol' means 'all', 'meuma' means 'abundance' or 'plenty'.
[2SA.3.36] And all the people recognized that it was good in their eyes, as everything the king did was good in the eyes of all the people. [§]
ve-khol ha-am hikiru va-yitav be-einehem ke-khol asher asa ha-melekh be-einei kol ha-am tov.
've' means 'and', 'khol' means 'all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'hikiru' means 'recognized' or 'acknowledged', 'va-yitav' means 'and it was good', 'be-einehem' means 'in their eyes', 'ke-khol' means 'as all' or 'like everything', 'asher' means 'that which', 'asa' means 'did' or 'made', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'be-einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'tov' means 'good'.
[2SA.3.37] And all the people and all Israel knew on that day that there was not anyone from the king to kill Abner son of Ner. [§]
Va-yede'u kol-ha'am ve-kol-Yisrael ba-yom ha-hu ki lo hayta meha-melekh le-hamith et-Avner ben Ner.
'Va-yede'u' means 'and they knew', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 've-kol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'ki' means 'that', 'lo' means 'not', 'hayta' means 'was', 'meha-melekh' means 'from the king', 'le-hamith' means 'to kill', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'Avner' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Ner' is a proper name.
[2SA.3.38] The king said to his servants, "Do you not know that a chief and a great man has fallen this day in Israel?" [§]
Vayomer ha melekh el avadai haloo tedu ki sar ve gadol nafal ha yom ha ze be Yisrael.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha' means 'the', 'melekh' means 'king', 'el' means 'to', 'avadai' means 'his servants', 'haloo' means 'do you not', 'tedu' means 'know', 'ki' means 'that', 'sar' means 'chief', 've' means 'and', 'gadol' means 'great', 'nafal' means 'has fallen', 'ha' means 'the', 'yom' means 'day', 'ha' means 'this', 'ze' means 'this', 'be' means 'in', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.3.39] And I today am gentle and anointed king, and these men the sons of Tzeruya are harsher than I; Yahveh will repay the evildoer according to his evil. [§]
ve-anokhi hayom rach u-mashuach melekh ve ha-anashim ha-elle b'nei tzeruya kashim mimeni yeshallam Yahveh le'oseh ha-raah ke-ra'ato.
've-anokhi' means 'and I', 'hayom' means 'today', 'rach' means 'soft' or 'gentle', 'u-mashuach' means 'and anointed', 'melekh' means 'king', 've' means 'and', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'ha-elle' means 'these', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'tzeruya' is a proper name (translated literally as Tzeruya), 'kashim' means 'hard' or 'harsh', 'mimeni' means 'more than me' or 'against me', 'yeshallam' means 'will repay' or 'will pay', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'le'oseh' means 'to the doer of', 'ha-raah' means 'evil', 'ke-ra'ato' means 'according to his evil'.
2SA.4
[2SA.4.1] And David heard that Abner had died at Hebron, and his hand fell, and all Israel was dismayed. [§]
Va-yishma ben Shaul ki met Avner be-Chevron vayerpu yadav ve-khol Yisrael nivhalu.
'Va-yishma' means 'and he heard', 'ben Shaul' means 'son of Saul' (referring to David), 'ki' means 'that', 'met' means 'died', 'Avner' is the name Abner, 'be-Chevron' means 'in Hebron', 'vayerpu' means 'and his hand fell' (idiom indicating shock or dismay), 'yadav' means 'his hand', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'nivhalu' means 'were dismayed' or 'were terrified'.
[2SA.4.2] Two men, chiefs of the troops, were sons of Saul; the name of one was Baana and the name of the other was Rekav, sons of Rimon the Bearete, from the sons of Benjamin, for even the well was counted among the Benjaminites. [§]
Ushnei anashim serei-gedudim hayu ben Shaul shem ha'echad Baana ve-shem ha'sheni Rekav b'nei Rimon ha-Be'areti mi-benei Binyamin ki gam-be'eret techashav al Binyamin.
'Ushnei' means 'two', 'anashim' means 'men', 'serei-gedudim' means 'chiefs of troops', 'hayu' means 'were', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'shem' means 'name', 'ha'echad' means 'the one', 'Baana' is a personal name, 've-shem' means 'and the name', 'ha'sheni' means 'the second', 'Rekav' is a personal name, 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Rimon' is a personal name, 'ha-Be'areti' means 'the Bearete', 'mi-benei' means 'from the sons of', 'Binyamin' is the tribe of Benjamin, 'ki' means 'for', 'gam' means 'also', 'be'eret' means 'the well', 'techashav' means 'was counted', 'al' means 'among', 'Binyamin' again refers to the Benjaminites.
[2SA.4.3] And they fled the wells of Gittaim, and there they dwelt until this day. [§]
Vayyivrech uhabbe'erotim Gittaymah vayihyu-sham garim ad hayom hazeh.
'Vayyivrech' means 'and they fled', 'uhabbe'erotim' means 'the wells', 'Gittaymah' is the place name 'Gittaim', 'vayihyu' means 'and they were', 'sham' means 'there', 'garim' means 'dwelling people' or 'inhabitants', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[2SA.4.4] And Jonathan, son of Saul, son of the lame of the feet, son of five years, was at the coming of Saul's report and Jonathan from Israel; and she bore him (by virtue of her faith); and she fled. And it happened in her haste to flee, and he fell and was slain, and his name was Mephiboshet. [§]
ve-liyonatan ben-shaul ben neche raglayim ben-chamesh shanim hayah be-bo shmuat shaul vi-yonatan mi-izrael vatisasehu omanto vatanos vayahi be-chafzah lanus vayipol vayipashech u-shemo mephiboshet.
've' means 'and', 'liyonatan' means 'to Jonathan' (the name Jonathan), 'ben-shaul' means 'son of Saul', 'ben' means 'son of', 'neche' means 'lame' or 'crippled', 'raglayim' means 'feet', 'ben-chamesh' means 'son of five', 'shanim' means 'years' (so 'five years old'), 'hayah' means 'was', 'be-bo' means 'at the coming', 'shmuat' means 'hearing' or 'report', 'shaul' is the name Saul, 'vi-yonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'mi-izrael' means 'from Israel', 'vatisasehu' means 'and she bore him' or 'carried him', 'omanto' means 'her faith' (literally 'my faith' but used here as a proper name element), 'vatanos' means 'and fled', 'vayahi' means 'it happened', 'be-chafzah' means 'in haste', 'lanus' means 'to flee', 'vayipol' means 'and fell', 'vayipashech' means 'and was slain', 'u-shemo' means 'and his name', 'mephiboshet' is a personal name meaning 'from the mouth of shame'.
[2SA.4.5] And the sons of Rimon the Be'eroti, Rechav and Baana, went in the heat of the day to the house of a man named Bosheth, and he was lying on the midday bed. [§]
Vayelechu b'nei Rimon haBe'roti Rechav uBa'ana vayavo'u kechom hayom el-beit ish Boshet vehu shochev et mishkav hatzohorayim.
'Vayelechu' means 'they went', 'b'nei Rimon' means 'sons of Rimon', 'haBe'roti' means 'the Be'eroti', 'Rechav' is a personal name, 'uBa'ana' means 'and Baana' (another name), 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'kechom' means 'at the heat', 'hayom' means 'of the day', 'el-beit' means 'to the house of', 'ish' means 'a man', 'Boshet' is a personal name, 'vehu' means 'and he', 'shochev' means 'was lying', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'mishkav' means 'bed', 'hatzohorayim' means 'of noon or midday'.
[2SA.4.6] And they came into the house, the wheat buyers, and they struck him to the sun, and a rider and a cloud his brother escaped. [§]
vehenna ba'u ad tokh habayit lokchei chit tim vayakuku el hachomesh ve rechav uva'ana achiv nimlatu.
'vehenna' means 'and they', 'ba\'u' means 'came', 'ad' means 'to', 'tokh' means 'inside', 'habayit' means 'the house', 'lokchei' means 'buyers of', 'chit tim' means 'wheat', 'vayakuku' means 'and they struck', 'el' means 'to', 'hachomesh' means 'the sun', 've' means 'and', 'rechav' means 'a rider', 'uva\'ana' means 'and a cloud' (or 'and a donkey' depending on context), 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'nimlatu' means 'were saved' or 'escaped'.
[2SA.4.7] They came to the house and he was lying on his bed in the chamber of his sleeping place; they struck him and killed him, they removed his head, they took his head, and they went the western way all night. [§]
vayavo'u habbayit vehu-shochev al-mitato bachadar mishkavo vayakuku vayamitu vayassiru et-rosho vayikchu et-rosho vayelchu derekh ha'arevah kol-halayla.
'vayavo'u' means 'they came', 'habbayit' means 'the house', 'vehu-shochev' means 'and he was lying', 'al-mitato' means 'on his bed', 'bachadar' means 'in the chamber', 'mishkavo' means 'of his lying place', 'vayakuku' means 'they struck him', 'vayamitu' means 'they killed him', 'vayassiru' means 'they removed', 'et-rosho' means 'his head' (the direct object marker 'et' indicates the following noun is the object), 'vayikchu' means 'they took', again 'et-rosho' is 'his head', 'vayelchu' means 'they went', 'derekh' means 'the way', 'ha'arevah' means 'the western', 'kol-halayla' means 'all night'.
[2SA.4.8] And they brought the head of the man of Bosheth to David at Chebron, and they said to the king, Behold, the head of the man of Bosheth, son of Saul, your enemy who has sought your life; and Yahveh gave to my Lord the king vengeance this day against Saul and his offspring. [§]
vayaviu et rosh ish-boshet el David Chebron vayomru el ha-melekh hineh rosh ish-boshet ben Shaul oyvecha asher bikesh et nafshecha vayiten Yahveh la-adoni ha-melekh nekamot hayom hazeh meShaul u-mizro.
'vayaviu' means 'they brought', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'rosh' means 'head', 'ish-boshet' means 'man of Bosheth', 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the name David, 'Chebron' is a place name, 'vayomru' means 'they said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ben Shaul' means 'son of Saul', 'oyvecha' means 'your enemy', 'asher' means 'who', 'bikesh' means 'has sought', 'nafshecha' means 'your soul', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'la-adoni' means 'to my Lord', 'nekamot' means 'revenge', 'hayom hazeh' means 'this day', 'meShaul' means 'from Saul', 'u-mizro' means 'and from his seed'.
[2SA.4.9] And David answered Rekhav and Ba'ana his brother, the sons of Rimon the Beerothite, and said to them, "I swear by Yahveh, who rescued my soul from all trouble." [§]
Vayyan David et-Rekhav ve-et-Ba'ana achiv b'nei Rimon haBe'roti vayomer lahem Chai Yahveh Asher-pada et-napshi mikol-tsarah.
'Vayyan' means 'and answered', 'David' is the name David, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Rekhav' is a proper name, 've-et' means 'and', 'Ba'ana' is a proper name, 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Rimon' is a proper name, 'haBe'roti' means 'the Beerothite', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'Chai' means 'living', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Asher' means 'who', 'pada' means 'rescued', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'napshi' means 'my soul', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'tsarah' means 'trouble' or 'distress'.
[2SA.4.10] Because the teller to me said, Behold, Saul is dead, and he was like a messenger in his eyes, and I seized him and killed him with a sling stone, the thing I gave him as a sling. [§]
Ki ha-maggid li leemor hineh met Shaul vehu hayah kimbashar beeinav vaochaza bo vaehargehu betziklag asher letiti lo besora.
'Ki' means 'because', 'ha-maggid' means 'the teller', 'li' means 'to me', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'met' means 'dead', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'vehu' means 'and he', 'hayah' means 'was', 'kimbashar' means 'like a messenger', 'beeinav' means 'in his eyes', 'vaochaza' means 'and I seized', 'bo' means 'him', 'vaehargehu' means 'and I killed him', 'betziklag' means 'with a sling stone', 'asher' means 'which', 'letiti' means 'I gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 'besora' means 'as a sling weapon'.
[2SA.4.11] Indeed, for wicked men have killed a righteous man in his house upon his bed; and now, is it not that I will seek his blood from you, and I will burn you from the earth. [§]
Af ki anashim reshahim haragu et ish tzaddik beveito al mishkavo veatah halo avakesh et damo miyedchem uviartiti etchem min haaretz.
'Af' means 'indeed', 'ki' means 'for', 'anashim' means 'men', 'reshahim' means 'wicked', 'haragu' means 'they killed', 'et' is the accusative marker (no English equivalent), 'ish' means 'man', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous', 'beveito' means 'in his house', 'al' means 'upon', 'mishkavo' means 'his bed', 'veatah' means 'and now', 'halo' means 'is it not', 'avakesh' means 'shall I seek', 'et' (again accusative), 'damo' means 'his blood', 'mi' means 'from', 'yedchem' means 'your hand(s)', 'uviartiti' means 'and I will burn', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'min' means 'from', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[2SA.4.12] And David commanded the boys, and they killed them, and they cut off their hands and their feet, and they hung them on the pool in Hebron, and they took the head of the man of Bash, and they buried it in the grave of Avner in Hebron. [§]
Vayetzav David et-hanne'arim vayahar'gumu vayekatz'tsu et-yedeihem ve-et-ragleihhem vayit'lu al-habrekha bechevron ve-et rosh ish-boshet laka'chu vayik'beru bekever-Avner bechevron.
'Vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'David' is the name David, 'et-hanne'arim' means 'the boys', 'vayahar'gumu' means 'and they killed them', 'vayekatz'tsu' means 'and they cut off', 'et-yedeihem' means 'their hands', 've-et-ragleihhem' means 'and their feet', 'vayit'lu' means 'they hung', 'al-habrekha' means 'on the pool', 'bechevron' means 'in Hebron', 've-et rosh' means 'and the head', 'ish-boshet' means 'of the man of Bash', 'laka'chu' means 'they took', 'vayik'beru' means 'they buried', 'bekeve r-Avner' means 'in the grave of Avner', 'bechevron' again 'in Hebron'.
2SA.5
[2SA.5.1] And all the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron, and they said, 'Behold, we are your bone and your flesh.' [§]
Vayyavo'u kol-shivtei Yisrael el-David Hevron vayyomru le'emor hin'nu atzmekha uvsarkha anachnu.
'Vayyavo'u' means 'and they came'; 'kol-shivtei' means 'all the tribes'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'el-David' means 'to David'; 'Hevron' means 'Hebron'; 'vayyomru' means 'and they said'; 'le'emor' means 'to say'; 'hin'nu' means 'behold, here are'; 'atzmekha' means 'your bone'; 'uvsarkha' means 'and your flesh'; 'anachnu' means 'we'.
[2SA.5.2] Also yesterday and also the day before yesterday, when Saul was king over us, you were the one who brought out and brought in Israel; and Yahveh said to you, 'You shall shepherd my people Israel, and you shall be a leader over Israel.' [§]
gam-etmol gam-shloshom be-hiyot Shaul melech alenu ata hayita motzi vehamevi et Yisrael vayomer Yahveh lecha ata tira et ami et Yisrael ve-ata tihye le'nagid al Yisrael.
'גם' means 'also', 'אתמול' means 'yesterday', 'גם' again means 'also', 'שלשום' means 'the day before yesterday', 'בהיות' means 'when being' or 'when', 'שאול' means 'Saul', 'מלך' means 'king', 'עלינו' means 'over us', 'אתה' means 'you', 'הייתה' means 'were', 'מוציא' means 'bringing out', 'והמביא' means 'and bringing in', 'את‑ישראל' means 'Israel', 'ויאמר' means 'and said', 'יהוה' means 'Yahveh', 'לך' means 'to you', 'אתה' means 'you', 'תרעֶה' means 'you shall shepherd', 'את‑עמי' means 'my people', 'את‑ישראל' means 'Israel', 'ואתה' means 'and you', 'תהיה' means 'you shall be', 'לנגיד' means 'leader' or 'prince', 'על‑ישראל' means 'over Israel'.
[2SA.5.3] All the elders of Israel came to the king in Hebron, and the king David made a covenant with them at Hebron before Yahveh, and they anointed David king over Israel. [§]
vayyavu kol-zeknei Yisrael el-hamelech Hevronah vayikhrót lahem ha-melekh David be'rit beHevron lifnei Yahveh vayimshchu et-David lemelech al-Yisrael.
'vayyavu' means 'and they came', 'kol-zeknei' means 'all the elders', 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'el-hamelech' means 'to the king', 'Hevronah' means 'in Hebron', 'vayikhrót' means 'and he made a covenant', 'lahem' means 'with them', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'David' means 'David', 'be'rit' means 'covenant', 'beHevron' means 'at Hebron', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayimshchu' means 'and they anointed', 'et-David' means 'David (as object)', 'lemelech' means 'as king', 'al-Yisrael' means 'over Israel'.
[2SA.5.4] David was thirty years old when he began to reign; he reigned forty years. [§]
Ben shloshim shanah David be-malko arba'im shanah malach.
'Ben' means 'son', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'shanah' means 'years', 'David' is the name of the king, 'be-malko' means 'in his reign', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'malach' means 'reigned'.
[2SA.5.5] In Hebron he reigned over Judah for seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty three years over all Israel and Judah. [§]
Bechevron malakh al-Yehudah sheva shanim ve-shisha chodeshim u-virushalayim malakh shloshim ve-shalosh shana al kol-Israel vi-Yehudah.
'Bechevron' means 'in Hebron', 'malakh' means 'he reigned', 'al-Yehudah' means 'over Judah', 'sheva shanim' means 'seven years', 've-shisha chodeshim' means 'and six months', 'u-virushalayim' means 'and in Jerusalem', 'malakh' again means 'he reigned', 'shloshim ve-shalosh shana' means 'thirty three years', 'al kol-Israel vi-Yehudah' means 'over all Israel and Judah'.
[2SA.5.6] And the king went with his men to Jerusalem to the Jebusite who dwelt in the land, and he said to David, saying, 'Do not come here, for if I cause you to be removed the blind and the lame, saying that David will not come here.' [§]
Va-yelek ha-melekh va-anashav Yerushalayim el-hayevusi yoshev ha-aretz va-yomer le-David le'emor lo-tavo hena ki im-hesirekha ha-ivrim ve-ha-pischim le'emor lo-yavo David hena.
'Va-yelek' means 'and went', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'va-anashav' means 'and his men', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'el-hayevusi' means 'to the Jebusite', 'yoshev' means 'dweller', 'ha-aretz' means 'the land', 'va-yomer' means 'and said', 'le-David' means 'to David', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'lo-tavo' means 'do not come', 'hena' means 'here', 'ki' means 'for', 'im' means 'if', 'hesirekha' means 'I cause you to be removed', 'ha-ivrim' means 'the blind', 've-ha-pischim' means 'and the lame', 'lo-yavo' means 'will not come'.
[2SA.5.7] And David captured the fortress of Zion; it is the city of David. [§]
Va-yilkod David et Metzudat Tziyon hi ir David.
'Va-yilkod' means 'and (he) captured', 'David' is the proper name David, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Metzudat' means 'fortress' or 'stronghold', 'Tziyon' means 'Zion', 'hi' means 'it is', 'ir' means 'city', and the second 'David' again is the proper name David.
[2SA.5.8] And David said on that day, every strike is defiled and will touch the harp and the Passovers and the blind; David's soul detested them. Therefore they will say, 'Blind and Passover shall not enter the house.' [§]
vayyomer David bayom hahu kol-makke yevusi veyiga batzinor ve'et-hapischim ve'et-ha'ivrim shenove nefesh David al-ken yomru iver u-pis'ech lo yavo el-habayit.
'vayyomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'kol-makke' means 'every strike', 'yevusi' means 'is defiled', 'veyiga' means 'and will touch', 'batzinor' means 'the harp', 've'et-hapischim' means 'and the Passovers', 've'et-ha'ivrim' means 'and the blind', 'shenove' means 'detested', 'nefesh' means 'the soul', 'David' repeats the name, 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'yomru' means 'they will say', 'iver' means 'blind', 'u-pis'ech' means 'and Passover', 'lo' means 'not', 'yavo' means 'will come', 'el-habayit' means 'to the house'.
[2SA.5.9] David sat in the stronghold, and he called it the city of David, and David built around it the waste and a house. [§]
Vayeshev David ba-metzudah vayikra-la ir David vayiven David saviv min ha-milloo va-baytah.
'Vayeshev' means 'and he sat', 'David' is the proper name David, 'ba-metzudah' means 'in the stronghold', 'vayikra-la' means 'and he called it', 'ir' means 'city', 'David' repeats the name, 'vayiven' means 'and he built', 'saviv' means 'around', 'min' means 'from' or 'of', 'ha-milloo' means 'the waste' or 'the desolation', 'va-baytah' means 'and a house' or 'and its house'.
[2SA.5.10] And David went walking and great, and Yahveh the Gods of armies with him. [§]
Vayelech David haloch vegadol vayahveh Elohei Tzevaot immo.
'Vayelech' means 'and went', 'David' is the name David, 'haloch' means 'walking', 've' means 'and', 'gadol' means 'great' or 'large', 'vayahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' meaning 'the Gods of', 'Tzevaot' means 'armies', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[2SA.5.11] And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar timbers, and carpenters of wood, and stone masons, and they built a house for David. [§]
va-yishlach Hi-ram me-lekh Tzor mal'achim el David ve-atzei arazim ve-char'shei etz ve-char'shei even kir va-yiv'nu-bayit le-David.
'va-yishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Hi-ram' is the name Hiram, 'me-lekh' means 'king', 'Tzor' means 'Tyre', 'mal'achim' means 'messengers', 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the name David, 've-atzei' means 'and cedar timbers', 'arazim' means 'cedars', 've-char'shei' means 'and carpenters', 'etz' means 'wood', 've-char'shei' again means 'and stone masons', 'even' means 'stone', 'kir' means 'cut', 'va-yiv'nu' means 'and they built', 'bayit' means 'house', 'le-David' means 'for David'.
[2SA.5.12] And David knew that Yahveh had appointed him king over Israel, and that his kingdom would be for his people Israel. [§]
Vayeida David ki-hechino Yahveh lemelek al Yisrael ve-ki nisse mamlekto ba'avur amo Yisrael.
'Vayeida' means 'and he knew', 'David' is the personal name David, 'ki' means 'that', 'hechino' means 'has appointed', 'Yahveh' is the name of God (YHWH), 'lemelek' means 'as king', 'al' means 'over', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-ki' means 'and that', 'nisse' means 'will be raised' or 'will be lifted', 'mamlekto' means 'his kingdom', 'ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'amo' means 'his people', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.5.13] And David took again concubines and women from Jerusalem after he came back from Hebron, and again he bore sons and daughters to David. [§]
Vayikach David od pilgeshim ve-nashim miYerushalayim acharei bo me-Ḥevron vayivaldu od le-David banim u-vanot.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'David' is the personal name, 'od' means 'again', 'pilgeshim' means 'concubines', 've-nashim' means 'and women', 'miYerushalayim' means 'from Jerusalem', 'acharei' means 'after', 'bo' means 'he', 'me-Ḥevron' means 'from Hebron', 'vayivaldu' means 'and he bore', the second 'od' means 'again', 'le-David' means 'to David', 'banim' means 'sons', and 'u-vanot' means 'and daughters'.
[2SA.5.14] And these are the names of the children he had in Jerusalem Shamma and Shovab and Nathan and Solomon. [§]
ve'eleh shemot hayilodim lo birushalayim shamma ve'shovav ve'natan u'shlomo.
've'eleh' means 'and these', 'shemot' means 'names', 'hayilodim' means 'the children', 'lo' means 'he had' (literally 'to him'), 'birushalayim' means 'in Jerusalem', 'shamma' is a personal name meaning 'he heard', 've' means 'and', 'shovab' is a personal name meaning 'turner' or 'returner', 've'natan' means 'and he gave' (a personal name), 'u'shlomo' means 'and Solomon' (from 'shalom' meaning peace). No divine names appear in this verse, so no special god-name translations are required.
[2SA.5.15] And he will choose and God is salvation and he will encounter and he will appear. [§]
ve-yivchar ve-elishua ve-nepeg ve-yaphi.
've-yivchar' means 'and he will choose', with 've' = and and 'yivchar' = he will choose. 've-elishua' contains the divine element 'El' which is translated literally as 'God', so the name is rendered as 'God is salvation' (el = God, shua = salvation). 've-nepeg' means 'and he will encounter' (from the root p-g- meaning to meet or strike). 've-yaphi' means 'and he will appear' (from the root p-'- meaning to appear or become evident). The verse strings together four conjunctive actions.
[2SA.5.16] and God has heard and God knows and God decides. [§]
ve elishama ve elyada ve eliphalet.
've' means 'and', 'elishama' means 'God has heard', 'elyada' means 'God knows', 'eliphalet' means 'God decides'.
[2SA.5.17] The Philistines heard that they had anointed David as king over Israel, and all the Philistines went out to seek David; David heard and went down to the stronghold. [§]
Vayishmeu plishtim ki-mashchu et-David le-melek al-Yisrael vayaa'lu kol-plishtim le-vakesh et-David vayishma David vayered el-hametzudah.
'Vayishmeu' means 'and they heard'; 'plishtim' means 'Philistines'; 'ki' means 'that'; 'mashchu' means 'they anointed'; 'et' is the accusative marker; 'David' is the name David; 'le-melek' means 'as king' (literally 'to a king'); 'al' means 'over'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'vayaa'lu' means 'and they went out'; 'kol' means 'all'; 'plishtim' repeats 'Philistines'; 'le-vakesh' means 'to seek' (literally 'for seeking'); 'et' again the accusative marker; 'David' repeats the name; 'vayishma' means 'and he heard'; 'David' repeats the name; 'vayered' means 'and he went down'; 'el' means 'to' or 'toward'; 'hametzudah' means 'the stronghold' (literally 'the fortified place'). No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translations of God names are required.
[2SA.5.18] And the Philistines came and camped in the Valley of Rephaim. [§]
Uplishtim ba'u vayinnatshu be'emeq refa'im.
'Uplishtim' means 'and the Philistines', 'ba'u' means 'came', 'vayinnatshu' means 'and they camped' or 'settled', 'be'emeq' means 'in the valley', 'refa'im' is the name of the valley, 'Valley of the Rephaim'.
[2SA.5.19] And David inquired of Yahveh, saying, 'Shall I go up against the Philistines, will you give them into my hand?' And Yahveh said to David, 'Go up, for I will give the Philistines into your hand.' [§]
vayyish'al David baYahveh le'emor ha'eleh el-Philistim hatitnem beyadi vayomer Yahveh el-David aleh ki-naton eten et-haplistim beyadecha.
'vayyish'al' means 'and he inquired', 'David' is the proper name, 'baYahveh' means 'of Yahveh', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ha'eleh' means 'shall I go up', 'el-Philistim' means 'against the Philistines', 'hatitnem' means 'will you give them', 'beyadi' means 'into my hand', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'el-David' means 'to David', 'aleh' means 'go up', 'ki-naton' means 'for I will give', 'eten' means 'I will give', 'et-haplistim' means 'the Philistines', 'beyadecha' means 'into your hand'.
[2SA.5.20] And David came to Ba'al-Peratzim and struck there; and he said, 'Yahveh has broken my enemies before me like a torrent of water; therefore he named that place Ba'al-Peratzim.' [§]
Vayavo David beBa'al-Peratzim vayakhem sham David vayomer paratz Yahveh et-oyvai lefanai keperetz mayim al-ken kara shem-hamakom hahu ba'al-Peratzim.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'David' means the proper name David, 'beBa'al-Peratzim' means 'to Ba'al-Peratzim' (the place name), 'vayakhem' means 'and he struck them', 'sham' means 'there', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'paratz' means 'break', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'et-oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'keperetz' means 'like a torrent', 'mayim' means 'water', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'kara' means 'he called', 'shem-hamakom' means 'the name of the place', 'hahu' means 'that', 'ba'al-Peratzim' means 'Lord of Breakings' (the name of the place).
[2SA.5.21] And they left there their burdens, and David lifted them up, and his men. [§]
vayyaazvu-sham et-atzaveihem vayisaem David va'anashav.
'vayyaazvu' means 'and they left', 'sham' means 'there', 'et-atzaveihem' means 'their burdens', 'vayisaem' means 'and he lifted them', 'David' is the proper name, 'va'anashav' means 'and his men'.
[2SA.5.22] And the Philistines again went up and they camped in the valley of Rephaim. [§]
Vayosifu od Philistim la'alot vayinnatshu be'emeq Rephaim.
'Vayosifu' means 'and they added' or 'continued', 'od' means 'still' or 'again', 'Philistim' means 'Philistines', 'la'alot' means 'to go up' or 'to ascend', 'vayinnatshu' means 'and they camped' or 'encamped', 'be'emeq' means 'in the valley of', and 'Rephaim' is the name of the valley of the Rephaim.
[2SA.5.23] David asked Yahveh and said, 'Do not go up; turn back to their backs and you shall come to them from the opposite side of the valley.' [§]
Vayishal David baYahveh vayomer lo taaleh hasev el-achareihem u'vata lahem mimul bekaim.
'Vayishal' means 'and he asked', 'David' is the name David, 'baYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH translated as Yahveh), 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'taaleh' means 'you shall go up', 'hasev' means 'turn back', 'el-achareihem' means 'to their backs', 'u'vata' means 'and you shall come', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'mimul' means 'from opposite side', 'bekaim' means 'the valley'.
[2SA.5.24] And it shall be when you hear the sound of marching at the tops of the mulberry trees, then you shall be frightened, for then Yahveh will go before you to strike the camp of the Philistines. [§]
Vihee be-shmakha et kol tzeada be-rashei ha-bachaim az techerets ki az yatza Yahveh lefanekha le-hakot be-machaneh Philistim.
"Vihee" means "and it shall be", "be-shmakha" means "when you hear", "et" is the accusative marker, "kol" means "the sound of", "tzeada" means "marching", "be-rashei" means "at the tops of", "ha-bachaim" means "the mulberry trees", "az" means "then", "techerets" means "you shall be frightened", "ki" means "because", "az" again means "then", "yatza" means "will go out", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, "lefane" means "before you", "le-hakot" means "to strike", "be-machaneh" means "in the camp of", "Philistim" means "the Philistines".
[2SA.5.25] David did so, just as Yahveh commanded him, and he struck the Philistines from Gibeah to Gazer. [§]
Vayya'as David ken ka'asher tzivahu Yahveh vayach et-Pelishtim migve'a ad-bo'acha gazer.
'Vayya'as' means 'and he did', 'David' is the name David, 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'the way that', 'tzivahu' means 'he commanded him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'vayach' means 'and he struck', 'et-Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'migve'a' means 'from Gibeah', 'ad' means 'until' or 'to', 'bo'acha' is a form of 'your coming/arrival', and 'gazer' is a place name rendered as Gazer.
2SA.6
[2SA.6.1] And David again counted all the chosen of Israel, thirty thousand. [§]
Vayosef od David et kol-bachur beYisrael sheloshim aleph.
'Vayosef' means 'and he added' or 'and he again counted', 'od' means 'again', 'David' is the name David, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'bachur' means 'the chosen' or 'the young men', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 'sheloshim' means 'thirty', 'aleph' means 'thousand'.
[2SA.6.2] And he rose and went David and all the people who were with him from the towns of Judah to bring up from there the Ark of the Gods which is called the Name of Yahveh of Hosts, the One who sits on the cherubim upon it. [§]
Vayakam vayelekh David vechol ha'am asher ito mibba'alei Yehudah leha'alot misham et Aron haElohim asher-nikra Shem Shem Yahveh Tzevaot yosheh hak'ruvim alav.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'David' is the proper name, 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'were with him', 'mibba'alei' means 'from the towns of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'leha'alot' means 'to bring up', 'misham' means 'from there', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Aron' means 'ark', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'asher-nikra' means 'which is called', 'Shem' means 'Name', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts', 'yosheh' means 'who sits', 'hak'ruvim' means 'the cherubim', 'alav' means 'upon it'.
[2SA.6.3] And they set the ark of God on a new cart and lifted it from the house of Abinadab which was in the hill, and Uzzah and Ahio, sons of Abinadab, drove the new cart. [§]
Vayarchivu et-aron haElohim el-‘agalah chadashah vayisa'uhu mibeyt Avinadav asher bagivah veUzza veAchiyo b'nei Avinadav nohagim et-ha'agalah chadashah.
'Vayarchivu' means 'and they set', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'aron' means 'ark', 'haElohim' means 'the God', 'el' means 'to', '‘agalah' means 'cart' or 'wagon', 'chadashah' means 'new', 'vayisa'uhu' means 'and they lifted it', 'mibeyt' means 'from the house of', 'Avinadav' is a proper name, 'asher' means 'which', 'bagivah' means 'in the hill', 'veUzza' means 'and Uzzah', 'veAchiyo' means 'and Ahio', 'b'nei' means 'sons of' or 'children of', 'nohagim' means 'they drove', 'et' again the object marker, 'ha'agalah' means 'the cart', 'chadashah' means 'new'.
[2SA.6.4] And he lifted him from the house of Abinadab which was on the hill, with the ark of the Gods, and his brother went before the ark. [§]
vayyissaohu mibbeit avinadav asher bagiva im aron haelohim veachiyo holekh lifnei haaron.
'vayyissaohu' means 'and he lifted him', 'mibbeit' means 'from the house', 'avinadav' is the proper name 'Abinadab', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'bagiva' means 'in the hill', 'im' means 'with', 'aron' means 'ark', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods', 'veachiyo' means 'and his brother', 'holekh' means 'going' or 'who went', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'haaron' means 'the ark'.
[2SA.6.5] And David and all the house of Israel played before Yahveh with all kinds of wooden instruments, and with lyres, and with harps, and with pipes, and with cymbals, and with sistrums. [§]
veDavid ve-khol-beit Yisrael mesachakim lifnei Yahveh bechol atzei veroshim uvekinorot uvinvalim uvtupim uvmennan'im uvezelzelim.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 've-khol-beit Yisrael' means 'and all the house of Israel', 'mesachakim' means 'play' (make music), 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bechol' means 'with all', 'atzei' means 'woods of', 'veroshim' means 'cedars', 'uvekinorot' means 'and lyres', 'uvinvalim' means 'and harps', 'uvtupim' means 'and pipes', 'uvmennan'im' means 'and cymbals', 'uvezelzelim' means 'and sistrums' (a type of rattling instrument).
[2SA.6.6] They came to Goren Nachon, and Uzza sent to the ark of the Gods, and he seized it because they lifted the cattle. [§]
vayyavu ad-goren nachon vayishlach uzza el-aron haelohim vayyo'achaz bo ki shamtuh habakar.
'vayyavu' means 'they came', 'ad' means 'to', 'goren' means 'Goren' (a place or threshing floor), 'nachon' means 'Nachon' (a place), 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'uzza' means 'Uzza' (a personal name), 'el' means 'to', 'aron' means 'ark', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods', 'vayyo'achaz' means 'and he took hold of', 'bo' means 'it', 'ki' means 'because', 'shamtuh' means 'they lifted', 'habakar' means 'the cattle'.
[2SA.6.7] And Yahveh's anger was kindled in Uz, and the Gods struck him there upon the shaft, and he died there with the ark of the Gods. [§]
Vayichar-af Yahveh be-Uz vayyakehu sham haElohim al-hashal vayamat sham im Aron haElohim.
'Vayichar-af' means 'and the anger', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH and is translated as 'Yahveh', 'be-Uz' means 'in Uz', 'vayyakehu' means 'and he struck him', 'sham' means 'there', 'haElohim' is the word Elohim and is translated as 'the Gods', 'al-hashal' means 'upon the shaft', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'im' means 'with', 'Aron' means 'ark', and the second 'haElohim' again means 'the Gods'. The divine name 'Yahveh' is rendered literally, and 'Elohim' is rendered as the plural 'the Gods' per the given guidelines.
[2SA.6.8] And David was angry against that which Yahveh burst, a breach in Uzza, and he called that place the breach of Uzza until this day. [§]
Vayyichar leDavid al asher paratz Yahveh peretz beUzza vayikra lamakom hahahu peretz Uzza ad hayom hazeh.
'Vayyichar' means 'and he was angry', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'al' means 'against', 'asher' means 'which', 'paratz' means 'broke' or 'burst', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'peretz' means 'breach' (noun), 'beUzza' means 'in Uzza', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'lamakom' means 'to the place', 'hahahu' means 'that', the second 'peretz' again means 'breach', 'Uzza' is a place name, 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[2SA.6.9] And David feared Yahveh on that day, and he said, "How shall the ark of Yahveh come to me?" [§]
Vayira David et-Yahveh ba-yom ha-hu vayomer eikh yavo elai Aron Yahveh.
'Vayira' means 'and he feared', 'David' is the proper name David, 'et' is the direct object marker without English meaning, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'eikh' means 'how', 'yavo' means 'shall come', 'elai' means 'to me', 'Aron' means 'ark', and the second 'Yahveh' again means the name of God.
[2SA.6.10] And David would not remove to it the ark of Yahveh on the city of David, and David carried it to the house of the Edomite Gittite. [§]
Ve'lo avah David lehasir elav et-aron Yahveh al-ir David vayattehu David beit Oved-Edom ha-Gitti.
'Ve'lo' means 'and not', 'avah' means 'willing' or 'desired', 'David' is the proper name David, 'lehasir' means 'to remove' or 'to bring away', 'elav' means 'to it', 'et-aron' means 'the ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al-ir' means 'on the city' or 'to the city', 'David' again the name, 'vayattehu' means 'and he carried it', 'beit' means 'house', 'Oved-Edom' means 'the worker of Edom', 'ha-Gitti' means 'the Gittite' (a person from Gath).
[2SA.6.11] And the ark of Yahveh was placed in the house of Obed-edom the Gittite for three months, and Yahveh blessed Obed-edom and all his house. [§]
Va-yeshev a-ron Yahveh beit Oved Edom ha-Gitti shloshah chodeshim va-yevarekh Yahveh et-Oved Edom ve-et kol beito.
'Va-yeshev' means 'and he/it settled', 'a-ron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'beit' means 'house', 'Oved Edom' is a personal name meaning 'Obed of Edom', 'ha-Gitti' means 'the Gittite' (one from Gath), 'shloshah chodeshim' means 'three months', 'va-yevarekh' means 'and blessed', 'et-Oved Edom' refers to the same person, 've-et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'beito' means 'his house'.
[2SA.6.12] It was reported to King David, saying, Blessed Yahveh the house of Obed-edom and all that is his because of the ark of the Gods, and David went and lifted up the ark of the Gods from the house of Obed-edom, the city of David, with gladness. [§]
Vayuggad lammelek David le'emor berakh Yahveh et-beit Oved Edom ve'et kol-asher-lo ba'avur Aron haElohim vayelekh David vayya'al et-Aron haElohim mibeit Oved Edom ir David besimcha.
'Vayuggad' means 'it was reported', 'lammelek' means 'to the king', 'David' is the name David, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'berakh' means 'blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHWH, 'et-beit' means 'the house of', 'Oved Edom' is the name Obed-edom, 've'et' means 'and', 'kol-asher-lo' means 'all that is his', 'ba'avur' means 'because of', 'Aron' means 'ark', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'vayya'al' means 'and he lifted up', 'mibeit' means 'from the house of', 'ir' means 'city', 'besimcha' means 'with gladness'. The key divine names are rendered literally: Yahveh for YHWH and the Gods for Elohim.
[2SA.6.13] And it happened that the bearers of the ark of Yahveh went six steps, and he offered a bull and a ram. [§]
Vayehi ki tza'adu nos'ei aron-Yahveh shisha tzedadim vayizbach shor umeriy.
'Vayehi' means 'And it happened', 'ki' means 'that', 'tza'adu' means 'they stepped', 'nos'ei' means 'bearers of', 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'shisha' means 'six', 'tzedadim' means 'steps', 'vayizbach' means 'and he offered', 'shor' means 'a bull', and 'umeriy' means 'and a ram'.
[2SA.6.14] And David trades with all his strength before Yahveh, and David is girded with an ephod alone. [§]
veDavid mekarkher b'chol-oz lifnei Yahveh veDavid chagur ephod bad.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 'mekarkher' means 'is trading' or 'is a trader', 'b'chol-oz' means 'with all strength', 'lifnei' means 'before' (in the presence of), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, the second 'veDavid' again means 'and David', 'chagur' means 'is girded' or 'bound', 'ephod' is a priestly garment, and 'bad' means 'alone' or 'desolate'.
[2SA.6.15] And David and all the house of Israel bring up the ark of Yahveh with shouting and with the sound of a trumpet. [§]
veDavid vechol beit Yisrael maalim et aron Yahveh bi teruah uvekol shofar.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'beit' means 'house of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'maalim' means 'they bring up' (present participle used narratively), 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bi' means 'with', 'teruah' means 'shouting' or 'cry', 'uvekol' means 'and with the sound of', 'shofar' means 'trumpet'.
[2SA.6.16] And it shall be that the ark of Yahveh will come to the city of David, and Michal daughter of Saul looked from the balcony and saw King David dancing and leaping before Yahveh, and she despised him in her heart. [§]
vehayah aron yahveh ba ir david u-michal bat-shaul nishkefah be-ad ha-chalon vatre et-hamelech david mefazz ez u-mekarkher lifnei yahveh vatevez lo be-libbah
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'aron' means 'ark', 'yahveh' means 'Yahveh' (the personal name of God), 'ba' means 'will come', 'ir' means 'city', 'david' means 'David', 'u-michal' means 'and Michal', 'bat-shaul' means 'daughter of Saul', 'nishkefah' means 'watched' or 'looked', 'be-ad' means 'over' or 'against', 'ha-chalon' means 'the balcony', 'vatre' means 'and she saw', 'et-hamelech' means 'the king', 'david' repeats the name, 'mefazz' means 'dancing', 'ez' means 'and', 'u-mekarkher' means 'leaping' or 'playing', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'yahveh' again 'Yahveh', 'vatevez' means 'and she despised' or 'she held contempt for', 'lo' means 'him', 'be-libbah' means 'in her heart'.
[2SA.6.17] And they brought the ark of Yahveh and set it in its place within the tent that David had pitched; and David offered sacrifices before Yahveh and peace offerings. [§]
Vayaviu et-aron Yahveh vayatzigu oto bimkomo betoch ha-ohel asher nata-lo David vayaal David olot lifnei Yahveh ushalomim.
'Vayaviu' means 'and they brought', 'et-aron' means 'the ark', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH, 'vayatzigu' means 'and they set', 'oto' means 'it', 'bimkomo' means 'in its place', 'betoch' means 'within', 'ha-ohel' means 'the tent', 'asher' means 'that', 'nata-lo' means 'David had pitched for it', 'David' is the proper name, 'vayaal' means 'and he offered', 'olot' means 'sacrifices', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'ushalomim' means 'and peace offerings'.
[2SA.6.18] And David finished the burnt offering and the peace offerings, and he blessed the people in the name of Yahveh of Hosts. [§]
Vaykhal David meha'alot ha'olah vehashlamim vayvarech et ha'am beshem Yahveh Tzevaot.
'Vaykhal' means 'and (he) finished', 'David' is the name David, 'meha'alot' means 'from the offerings', 'ha'olah' means 'the burnt offering', 'vehashlamim' means 'and the peace offerings', 'vayvarech' means 'and (he) blessed', 'et ha'am' means 'the people', 'beshem' means 'in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Tzevaot' means 'of hosts' or 'of armies'.
[2SA.6.19] And he divided to all the people, to all the families of Israel, from man to woman; to each man a portion of bread one, and a lamb one, and a goat one; and all the people went each man to his house. [§]
vayechalek lekol ha'am lekol ha'mon Yisrael leme'ish ve'ad isha le'ish chalat lechem achat ve'eshpar echad ve'ashisha achat vayelech kol ha'am ish leveto.
'vayechalek' means 'and he divided', 'lekol' means 'to all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'lekol' again 'to all', 'ha'mon' means 'the families/clans', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'leme'ish' means 'from man', 've'ad' means 'and to', 'isha' means 'woman', 'le'ish' means 'to each man', 'chalat' means 'portion', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'achat' means 'one', 've'eshpar' means 'and a lamb', 'echad' means 'one', 've'ashisha' means 'and a goat', 'achat' again 'one', 'vayelech' means 'and went', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ish' means 'each man', 'leveto' means 'to his house'.
[2SA.6.20] And David returned to bless his house, and Michal daughter of Saul went out to meet David, and she said, "How honored is today the king of Israel who has been revealed today before the eyes of his servants, as one of the shining ones." [§]
Vayashav David levarech et-beitoh vateze Mikhal bat Shaul likrat David vatoomer ma-nikbad hayom melekh Yisrael asher niglah hayom le'einei amhot avadav kehiglot niglot achad harekim.
'Vayashav' means 'and he returned', 'David' is the name David, 'levarech' means 'to bless', 'et-beitoh' means 'his house', 'vateze' means 'and went out', 'Mikhal' is the name Michal, 'bat Shaul' means 'daughter of Saul', 'likrat' means 'to meet', 'David' again the name, 'vatoomer' means 'and she said', 'ma-nikbad' means 'how honored', 'hayom' means 'today', 'melekh Yisrael' means 'king of Israel', 'asher' means 'who', 'niglah' means 'has been revealed', second 'hayom' again 'today', 'le'einei' means 'before the eyes of', 'amhot' means 'his servants', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'kehiglot' means 'as shining', 'niglot' means 'one', 'achad' means 'one', 'harekim' means 'the shining ones'. The divine names do not appear in this verse, so no special translation of God names is needed.
[2SA.6.21] And David said to Michal, before Yahveh, who has chosen me from your father and from all his house, to command me a leader over Yahveh's people, over Israel; and I shall rejoice before Yahveh. [§]
Vayomer David el-Michal lifnei Yahveh asher bachar bi me'avik u-mikkel beito le-tsavot oti nagid al am Yahveh al Yisrael ve-sichakti lifnei Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'el-Michal' means 'to Michal', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'who/that', 'bachar' means 'chose', 'bi' means 'me', 'me'avik' means 'from your father', 'u-mikkel' means 'and from all', 'beito' means 'his house', 'le-tsavot' means 'to command', 'oti' means 'me', 'nagid' means 'leader', 'al' means 'over', 'am' means 'people', 'Yahveh' again 'Yahveh', 'al' again 'over', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-sichakti' means 'and I shall rejoice', 'lifnei' again 'before', 'Yahveh' again 'Yahveh'.
[2SA.6.22] And I will be humbled again from this and I will be low in my eyes and with the mothers that you said with them I will honor. [§]
u-nekaloti od mizot vehayiti shafal be'einai ve'im ha'amahot asher amart imam ikavedah.
'u-nekaloti' means 'and I will be humbled', 'od' means 'again' or 'still', 'mizot' means 'from this', 'vehayiti' means 'and I will be', 'shafal' means 'low' or 'humble', 'be'einai' means 'in my eyes', 've'im' means 'and with', 'ha'amahot' means 'the mothers' (or 'the fools'), 'asher' means 'that', 'amart' means 'you said', 'imam' means 'with them', 'ikavedah' means 'I will honor'.
[2SA.6.23] And Michal, daughter of Saul, had no child until the day of her death. [§]
UleMikhal bat Shaul lo haya lah yeled ad yom mota.
'UleMikhal' means 'and Mikhal', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'lo haya' means 'there was not', 'lah' means 'to her' (indicating possession), 'yeled' means 'child', 'ad' means 'until', 'yom' means 'day', 'mota' means 'death'.
2SA.7
[2SA.7.1] And it happened that the king sat in his house, and Yahveh gave him relief from all his enemies. [§]
Vayehi ki-yashav ha-melekh beveito vayahveh heniach-lo misaviv mikol oyevav.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'yashav' means 'he sat' or 'he dwelt', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'beveito' means 'in his house', 'vayahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'heniach' means 'relaxed' or 'gave rest', 'lo' means 'to him', 'misaviv' means 'from around', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'oyevav' means 'his enemies'.
[2SA.7.2] The king said to Nathan the prophet, See please, I am sitting in the house of cedars and the ark of the Gods is sitting inside the courtyard. [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh el Nathan ha-navi reeh na anochi yoshev bebeit arazim ve-aron haElohim yoshev betoch ha-yeriah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'Nathan' is a proper name, 'ha-navi' means 'the prophet', 'reeh' means 'see', 'na' means 'please', 'anochi' means 'I', 'yoshev' means 'am sitting' or 'dwelling', 'bebeit' means 'in the house of', 'arazim' means 'cedars', 've-aron' means 'and the ark', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the divine name), 'betoch' means 'inside', 'ha-yeriah' means 'the courtyard'.
[2SA.7.3] And Nathan said to the king, All that is in your heart go do, for Yahveh is with you. [§]
Vayomer Natan el-ha-melekh kol asher bilvavkha lekh aseh ki Yahveh imakh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Natan' is the personal name Nathan, 'el' means 'to', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'bilvavkha' means 'is in your heart', 'lekh' means 'go', 'aseh' means 'do', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH, and 'imakh' means 'with you'.
[2SA.7.4] And it happened in that night, and the word of Yahveh came to Nathan, saying. [§]
vayhi balaila hahuh vayhi devar Yahveh el Natan leemor
'vayhi' means 'and it was' or 'it happened', 'balaila' means 'in the night', 'hahuh' means 'that' (demonstrative), the second 'vayhi' repeats 'and it was', 'devar' means 'word', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to' (preposition), 'Natan' is the proper name Nathan, 'leemor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[2SA.7.5] Go and say to my servant David, thus says Yahveh: 'Will you build for me a house for my dwelling?' [§]
Lech veamarta el avdi el David ko amar Yahveh ha'atah tivneh li bayit lishvti.
'Lech' means 'Go', 'veamarta' means 'and you shall say', 'el' means 'to', 'avdi' means 'my servant', 'el David' means 'to David', 'ko' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'ha'atah' means 'you', 'tivneh' means 'will build', 'li' means 'for me', 'bayit' means 'house', 'lishvti' means 'for my dwelling'.
[2SA.7.6] For I have not sat in a house from the day I brought up the children of Israel from Egypt until this very day, and I will be walking in the tent and in the dwelling place. [§]
ki lo yashavti bebayit lemi yom ha'aloti et b'nei Yisrael mi Mitzrayim ve'ad hayom hazeh va'ehyeh mithalech be'ohel u'vemishkan.
'ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'yashavti' means 'did I sit', 'bebayit' means 'in a house', 'lemi' means 'until', 'yom' means 'the day', 'ha'aloti' means 'I brought up', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mi' means 'from', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 've'ad' means 'and until', 'hayom' means 'this day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'va'ehyeh' means 'and I will be', 'mithalech' means 'walking', 'be'ohel' means 'in the tent', 'u'vemishkan' means 'and in the dwelling place'.
[2SA.7.7] In all that I have walked among all the children of Israel I spoke the word to one of the tribes of Israel that I commanded to shepherd my people Israel, saying, Why have you not built for me a house of cedars. [§]
B'chol asher hitalkti b'chol-b'nei Yisrael hadavar dibarti et-akhad shivtei Yisrael asher tziviti lir'ot et-ami et-Yisrael le'emor lama lo-b'nitem li beit arazim.
'B'chol' means 'in all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hitalkti' means 'I have walked', 'b'chol-b'nei' means 'among all the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hadavar' means 'the thing/word', 'dibarti' means 'I spoke', 'et-akhad' means 'to one', 'shivtei' means 'of the tribes', 'asher' means 'that', 'tziviti' means 'I commanded', 'lir'ot' means 'to shepherd', 'et-ami' means 'my people', 'et-Yisrael' means 'the Israel', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'lama' means 'why', 'lo-b'nitem' means 'you have not built', 'li' means 'for me', 'beit' means 'house', 'arazim' means 'cedars'.
[2SA.7.8] Now you shall say to my servant David, thus says Yahveh of hosts: I have taken you from the herd after the flock to be a leader over my people over Israel. [§]
Veatah ko-tomar leavdi leDavid ko amar Yahveh Tzevaot Ani lekachtikha min-hanaveh meachar hatson lihyot nagid al-ammi al-Yisrael.
'Veatah' means 'and now', 'ko-tomar' means 'thus you shall say', 'leavdi' means 'to my servant', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'ko' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' (armies), 'Ani' means 'I', 'lekachtikha' means 'have taken you', 'min-hanaveh' means 'from the herd', 'meachar' means 'after', 'hatson' means 'the flock/sheep', 'lihyot' means 'to be', 'nagid' means 'leader' or 'commander', 'al-ammi' means 'over my people', 'al-Yisrael' means 'over Israel'.
[2SA.7.9] And I will be with you in all that you go, and I will cut off all your enemies before you, and I will give you a great name, as the name of the great ones who are in the earth. [§]
Va'ehye imkha bechol asher halakhta va'achritha et kol oyveikha mipaneikha ve'asiti lekha shem gadol k'shem ha'gedolim asher ba'aretz.
'Va'ehye' means 'and I will be', 'imkha' means 'with you', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'halakhta' means 'you walked/go', 'va'achritha' means 'and I will cut off', 'et kol oyveikha' means 'all your enemies', 'mipaneikha' means 'before you', 've'asiti' means 'and I will make/give', 'lekha' means 'for you', 'shem' means 'a name', 'gadol' means 'great', 'k'shem' means 'as the name', 'ha'gedolim' means 'of the great ones', 'asher' means 'that', 'ba'aretz' means 'in the earth'.
[2SA.7.10] And I will set a place for my people Israel, and I will plant it, and it will dwell beneath it; and it will not be angry any longer, and the children of injustice will not add to oppressing him as at the first. [§]
vesamti makom leami leyisrael unetativ veshakan tachtav velo yirgaz od velo yosifu bnei avlah leanoto kaasher barishona.
'vesamti' means 'and I will place', 'makom' means 'a place', 'leami' means 'for my people', 'leyisrael' means 'Israel', 'unetativ' means 'and I will plant it', 'veshakan' means 'and it will dwell', 'tachtav' means 'under it', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yirgaz' means 'will be angry', 'od' means 'anymore', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yosifu' means 'will add', 'bnei' means 'the sons/children', 'avlah' means 'of injustice', 'leanoto' means 'to oppress him', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'barishona' means 'in the first'.
[2SA.7.11] From this day that I have appointed judges over my people Israel, I will deliver you from all your enemies, and Yahveh will tell you that Yahveh will make a house for you. [§]
Ulemin-hayom asher tsiviti shoftim al ami Yisrael va'hanichoti lekha mikkal oyveikha vehiggid lekha Yahveh ki-bayit ya'ase lekha Yahveh.
'Ulemin-hayom' means 'from this day', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tsiviti' means 'I commanded', 'shofitim' means 'judges' (plural), 'al' means 'over', 'ami' means 'my people', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'va'hanichoti' means 'and I will give you relief', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'mikkal' means 'from all', 'oyveikha' means 'your enemies', 'vehiggid' means 'and (the) LORD will tell', 'lekha' again means 'to you', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'ki-bayit' means 'that a house', 'ya'ase' means 'shall be made', 'lekha' means 'for you', the final 'Yahveh' repeats the divine source of the promised house.
[2SA.7.12] For your days will be fulfilled and you will lie down with your fathers, and I will raise up your offspring after you who will go out from your loins, and I will prepare his kingdom. [§]
ki yimleu yamekha veshekavta et avotekha vahakimoti et zarakha acharekha asher yetze mimme'eikha vahakinoti et mamlakhto.
'ki' means 'for', 'yimleu' means 'will be fulfilled', 'yamekha' means 'your days', 'veshekavta' means 'and you will lie down', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'avotekha' means 'your fathers', 'vahakimoti' means 'and I will raise up', 'zarakha' means 'your offspring', 'acharekha' means 'after you', 'asher' means 'who', 'yetze' means 'will go out', 'mimme'eikha' means 'from your loins', 'vahakinoti' means 'and I will prepare', 'mamlakhto' means 'his kingdom'.
[2SA.7.13] He will build a house for Yahveh's name, and I will set the throne of his kingdom forever. [§]
Hu yivne-bayit lishmi ve-konanti et kisee mamlakto ad olam.
'Hu' means 'He', 'yivne-bayit' means 'will build a house', 'lishmi' means 'for my name' (the speaker being Yahveh), 've-konanti' means 'and I will set', 'et' is a particle introducing the direct object, 'kisee' means 'throne', 'mamlakto' means 'of his kingdom', 'ad' means 'until' or 'forever', 'olam' means 'eternity' or 'forever'. The name of God implied by 'my' is translated as 'Yahveh' according to the given rule.
[2SA.7.14] I will be to him as a father, and he will be to me as a son, who is in his error, and I will strike him with the rod of men and with the afflictions of the sons of man. [§]
Ani eheyyeh-lo leav vehu yihyeh-li levven asher behaavto vehokachtiv beShevet anashim uveNig'ei b'nei adam.
'Ani' means 'I', 'eheyyeh-lo' means 'I will be to him', 'leav' means 'as a father', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'yihyeh-li' means 'will be to me', 'levven' means 'as a son', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'behaavto' means 'in his error', 'vehokachtiv' means 'and I will strike him', 'beShevet' means 'with the rod', 'anashim' means 'men', 'uveNig'ei' means 'and in the afflictions/touchings', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons', 'adam' means 'of man'.
[2SA.7.15] And my love will not depart from me, as I have removed him from Saul, whom I have removed before you. [§]
vehasdi lo-yasur mimennu kaasher hasirati me-im Shaul asher hasirati milfanekha.
've' means 'and', 'hasdi' means 'my love' or 'my mercy', 'lo' means 'not', 'yasur' means 'will turn away' or 'depart', 'mimennu' means 'from me', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'hasirati' means 'I have removed' or 'I have taken away', 'me-im' means 'from the presence of', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'asher' means 'who' or 'which', the second 'hasirati' repeats 'I have removed', and 'milfanekha' means 'before you' (in front of you).
[2SA.7.16] And be faithful your house and your kingdom forever before you; your throne will be firmly established forever. [§]
ve neeman beitecha u mamlatecha ad olam lefanekha kisacha yihey nachon ad olam.
've' means 'and', 'neeman' means 'faithful' or 'be faithful', 'beitecha' means 'your house', 'u' means 'and', 'mamlatecha' means 'your kingdom', 'ad olam' means 'forever', 'lefanekha' means 'before you' or 'in your presence', 'kisacha' means 'your throne', 'yihey' means 'will be', 'nachon' means 'firm' or 'established', 'ad olam' repeats 'forever'.
[2SA.7.17] Just as with all these words and as with this vision, so Nathan spoke to David. [§]
kechol hadvarim haelle ukechol hachizayon hazeh ken diber Natan el-David.
'kechol' means 'as all', 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'haelle' means 'these', 'ukechol' means 'and as all', 'hachizayon' means 'the vision', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Natan' is the name Nathan, 'el-David' means 'to David'.
[2SA.7.18] And the king David came and sat before Yahveh and said, Who am I, my Lord Yahveh, and who is my house, because you have brought me to eternity. [§]
Vayavo ha-melekh David vayeshev lifnei Yahveh vayomer mi anochi Adonai Yahveh umi veti ki haviotani ad halom.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'David' is the proper name David, 'vayeshev' means 'and he sat', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the name YHVH translated as Yahveh, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mi' means 'who', 'anochi' means 'I', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'umi' means 'and who', 'veti' means 'my house', 'ki' means 'because', 'haviotani' means 'you have brought me', 'ad halom' means 'to eternity' or 'forever'.
[2SA.7.19] And you have lessened this again in your eyes, my Lord Yahveh, and you also spoke to the house of your servant from afar, and this is the law of man, my Lord Yahveh. [§]
va-tik'tan od zot be'eynekha Adonai Yahveh va-te'dabber gam el-beit avdecha lemerachok ve-zot torat ha'adam Adonai Yahveh.
'va-tik'tan' means 'and you have lessened', 'od' means 'again', 'zot' means 'this', 'be'eynekha' means 'in your eyes', 'Adonai' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'va-te'dabber' means 'and you spoke', 'gam' means 'also', 'el-beit' means 'to the house', 'avdecha' means 'of your servant', 'lemerachok' means 'from afar', 've-zot' means 'and this', 'torat' means 'law', 'ha'adam' means 'of man', and the final 'Adonai Yahveh' repeats 'my Lord Yahveh'.
[2SA.7.20] And what more will David add to speak to you, and you know my servant, my Lord Yahveh. [§]
u-ma yasif David od le-dabber eylekha ve'ata yadata et avdeka adoni Yahveh.
'u-ma' means 'and what', 'yasif' means 'will add' or 'shall add', 'David' is the proper name David, 'od' means 'again' or 'anymore', 'le-dabber' means 'to speak', 'eylekha' means 'to you' (masculine singular), 've'ata' means 'and you', 'yadata' means 'you know', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH.
[2SA.7.21] For your word and as your heart, God has made all this greatness to declare your servant. [§]
Ba'avur devarkha u'k'levkha asita et kol-hag'dulah hazot le'hodi'a et avdekha.
'Ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'devarkha' means 'your word', 'u' means 'and', 'k'levkha' means 'as your heart', 'asita' means 'you have made', 'et' is a grammatical marker, 'kol-hag'dulah' means 'all the greatness', 'hazot' means 'this', 'le'hodi'a' means 'to declare', 'avdekha' means 'your servant'. The pronoun 'you' refers to God, so the action is attributed to God.
[2SA.7.22] Therefore you are great, my Lord Yahveh, because there is none like you and there is no the Gods besides you in all that we have heard with our ears. [§]
al ken gadelta adonai yahveh ki ein kamokha ve ein elohim zulatecha bekhol asher shamanu beazneinu.
'al ken' means 'therefore', 'gadelta' means 'you have become great', 'adonai' means 'my Lord', 'yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'ki' means 'because', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'kamokha' means 'like you', 've' means 'and', 'ein' again means 'there is not', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'zulatecha' means 'besides you', 'bekhol' means 'in all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'shamanu' means 'we have heard', 'beazneinu' means 'with our ears'.
[2SA.7.23] And who is like your people, like Israel, a single nation in the land, whom the Gods have gone to redeem for him the people and to give him a name and to do for you the great and the wonderful for your land because of your people whom you have redeemed for you from Egypt, nations and his God. [§]
Umi ke'amka keYisrael goy echad ba'aretz asher halchu Elohim lipdot-lo le'am velasum lo shem vela'asot lachem hagedulah venoraot le'artzecha mipnei amke asher padita lekha mimitzrayim goyim veElohav.
'Umi' means 'and who', 'ke'amka' means 'like your people', 'keYisrael' means 'like Israel', 'goy' means 'nation', 'echad' means 'one', 'ba'aretz' means 'in the land', 'asher' means 'that/whom', 'halchu' means 'they have gone/walked', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lipdot' means 'to redeem', 'lo' means 'for him', 'le'am' means 'for the people', 've' means 'and', 'lasum' means 'to give', 'shem' means 'a name', 've' again 'and', 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'hagedulah' means 'the great', 'venoraot' means 'and the wonderful', 'le'artzecha' means 'for your land', 'mipnei' means 'because of', 'amke' means 'your people', 'asher' again 'who', 'padita' means 'you redeemed', 'lekha' means 'for you', 'mimitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'goyim' means 'nations', 've' again 'and', 'Elohav' means 'his God'.
[2SA.7.24] And you will establish for yourself your people Israel for yourself as a people forever, and you Yahveh were to them the Gods. [§]
vatekhonen lecha et ammecha Yisrael lecha leam ad olam ve'ata Yahveh hayita lahem leelohim.
'vatekhonen' means 'and you will set/establish', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ammecha' means 'your people', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', the second 'lecha' again means 'for you', 'leam' means 'to a people', 'ad olam' means 'forever', 've'ata' means 'and you', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'hayita' means 'you were', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'leelohim' means 'as the Gods' (the word elohim translated as the Gods).
[2SA.7.25] Now Yahveh the Gods the word which you have spoken concerning your servant and concerning his house, establish it forever and do as you have spoken. [§]
ve'ata Yahveh Elohim ha-davar asher dibarta al avdecha ve'al beito ha-qem ad-olam va'aseh ke-asher dibarta.
've'ata' means 'now', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ha-davar' means 'the word', 'asher' means 'which/that', 'dibarta' means 'you have spoken', 'al' means 'concerning' or 'upon', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 've'al' means 'and concerning', 'beito' means 'his house', 'ha-qem' means 'establish', 'ad-olam' means 'forever' or 'until eternity', 'va'aseh' means 'and do', 'ke-asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'dibarta' again means 'you have spoken'.
[2SA.7.26] And may your name be great forever, saying: Yahveh of hosts the Gods over Israel, and the house of your servant David shall be established before you. [§]
Veyigdal shimkha ad olam leemor Yahveh Tzevaot Elohim al Yisrael uveit avdekha David yihye nachon lefanekha.
'Ve' means 'and', 'yigdal' means 'be magnified' or 'be great', 'shimkha' means 'your name', 'ad' means 'until' or 'forever', 'olam' means 'age' or 'everlasting', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts' (armies), 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'uveit' means 'and the house', 'avdekha' means 'your servant', 'David' is the name David, 'yihye' means 'shall be', 'nachon' means 'firm' or 'established', 'lefanekha' means 'before you'.
[2SA.7.27] Because you, Yahveh of hosts, the Gods of Israel, have turned the ear of your servant to say, I will build a house for you; therefore your servant has found his heart to pray to you with this prayer. [§]
Ki attah Yahveh Tzevaot Elohei Yisrael galita et ozen avdekha le'emor bayit evne lekha al ken matza avdekha et libbo lehitpallel elekha et hatefilah hazot.
'Ki' means 'because', 'attah' means 'you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts', 'Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'galita' means 'you have turned', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ozen' means 'ear', 'avdekha' means 'your servant', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'bayit' means 'house', 'evne' means 'I will build', 'lekha' means 'for you', 'al ken' means 'therefore', 'matza' means 'found', 'libbo' means 'his heart', 'lehitpallel' means 'to pray', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'hatefilah' means 'the prayer', 'hazot' means 'this'. The divine names are rendered as specified: Yahveh for YHVH, the Gods for Elohim, and 'the hosts' is kept as a title.
[2SA.7.28] Now my Lord Yahveh, you are the Gods, and your words will be true, and you spoke to your servant this good thing. [§]
veatah adonai yahveh atah-hu haelohim udevarecha yihyu emet vatadaber el avdecha et-hatova hazot.
'veatah' means 'now', 'adonai' means 'my Lord', 'yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'atah-hu' means 'you are He', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods', 'udevarecha' means 'your words', 'yihyu' means 'will be', 'emet' means 'truth' or 'true', 'vatadaber' means 'and you spoke', 'el' means 'to', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'et-hatova' means 'the good thing', 'hazot' means 'this'.
[2SA.7.29] Now, behold and bless the house of your servant to be forever before you, for you my Lord Yahveh have spoken, and from your blessing may the house of your servant be blessed forever. [§]
ve'attah hoel ubareich et beit avdecha lihyot leolam lefanekha ki atta adonai yahveh dibarta umevirkatkha yevorach beit-avdecha leolam.
've'attah' means 'and now', 'hoel' means 'behold', 'ubareich' means 'and bless', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'beit' means 'house', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'lihyot' means 'to be', 'leolam' means 'forever', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'ki' means 'for', 'atta' means 'you', 'adonai' means 'my Lord' (the literal rendering of the name Adonai), 'yahveh' means the personal name of God (the literal rendering of YHVH), 'dibarta' means 'you have spoken', 'umevirkatkha' means 'and from your blessing', 'yevorach' means 'may it be blessed', 'beit‑avdecha' means 'the house of your servant', 'leolam' means 'forever'. The divine names are rendered literally as instructed: Adonai → my Lord, YHVH → Yahveh.
2SA.8
[2SA.8.1] And it happened afterwards, and David struck the Philistines and humbled them, and David took the spoil of the mother from the hand of the Philistines. [§]
vayehi acharei ken vayach David et-Philistim vayaknieim vayikach David et-mateg haamma miyad Philistim.
'vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ken' means 'this', 'vayach' means 'and he struck', 'David' is the name David, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'vayaknieim' means 'and he humbled them', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'mateg' means 'spoil' or 'plunder', 'haamma' means 'the mother' (literally 'the mother''s'), 'mi' means 'from', 'yad' means 'hand', and the second 'Philistim' again means 'the Philistines'.
[2SA.8.2] And he struck Moab and measured them with a cord lying on the ground, their land; and he measured two cords for death, and the cord is filled for life; and Moab became for David the servants who bear offerings. [§]
Vayach et-Moab vaymadde'em bachavel hashkeiv otam artzah vaymad shnei-chavalim lehamit u-melo hachevel lechayot vatehi Moab leDavid laavodim nosei mincha.
'Vayach' means 'and he struck', 'et-Moab' means 'Moab (object marker)', 'vaymadde'em' means 'and he measured them', 'bachavel' means 'with a cord', 'hashkeiv' means 'lying (down) or lying on the ground', 'otam' means 'them', 'artzah' means 'the land', 'vaymad' means 'and he measured', 'shnei-chavalim' means 'two cords', 'lehamit' means 'to cause death', 'u-melo' means 'and filled', 'hachevel' means 'the cord', 'lechayot' means 'to cause life', 'vatehi' means 'and it became', 'Moab' is the place name Moab, 'leDavid' means 'for David', 'laavodim' means 'to the servants', 'nosei' means 'bearing' or 'carrying', 'mincha' means 'offering'.
[2SA.8.3] And David struck Hadadezer son of Rechob, king of Zobah, when he went to return his hand by the river. [§]
Vayach David et Hadadezer ben Rechov melek Tzobah belekho lehasiv yado binahar.
'Vayach' means 'and he struck', 'David' is the name David, 'et' is the direct object particle, 'Hadadezer' is a proper name meaning 'the glory of God', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Rechov' is a personal name, 'melek' means 'king', 'Tzobah' is a place name (king of Zobah), 'belekho' means 'when he went', 'lehasiv' means 'to return', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'binahar' means 'by the river'.
[2SA.8.4] And David captured from them one thousand seven hundred horsemen and twenty thousand foot soldiers; David seized all the chariots, and only a hundred chariots remained. [§]
Vayilekhed David mimenu elef u'sheva-me'ot parashim ve'esrim elef ish ragli vayya'ker David et kol ha-rechev vayoter mimenu me'ah rechev.
'Vayilekhed' means 'and he captured', 'David' is the proper name, 'mimenu' means 'from him/there', 'elef u'sheva-me'ot' means 'one thousand seven hundred', 'parashim' means 'horsemen', 've'esrim' means 'and twenty', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'ish' means 'men', 'ragli' means 'on foot', 'vayya'ker' means 'and he seized', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-rechev' means 'the chariots', 'vayoter' means 'and remained', 'mimenu' again means 'from them', 'me'ah' means 'a hundred', 'rechev' means 'chariots'.
[2SA.8.5] And Aram Damascus came to help Lahadad-ezer, king of Tzova, and David struck the Aram, twenty‑two thousand men. [§]
vattavo Aram Dammesek la'azor lahadad'ezer melech Tzovah vayach David ba'arām esrim ushnayim eleph ish.
'vattavo' means 'and came', 'Aram' is a proper name meaning 'Aram', 'Dammesek' is a proper name meaning 'Damascus', 'la'azor' means 'to help', 'lahadad'ezer' is a proper name meaning 'Lahadad-ezer', 'melech' means 'king', 'Tzovah' is a proper name meaning 'Tzova', 'vayach' means 'and struck', 'David' is the personal name 'David', 'ba'arām' means 'in Aram', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'ushnayim' means 'and two' (together 'twenty‑two'), 'eleph' means 'thousand', 'ish' means 'men' or 'people'.
[2SA.8.6] And David placed officers in Aram Damascus, and Aram became for David to servants bearing tribute, and Yahveh saved David in all that he went. [§]
Vayyasem David netzivim baAram Dammesek vatehi Aram leDavid laavodim nosae mincha vayosha Yahveh et David bechol asher halach.
'Vayyasem' means 'and he set/appointed', 'David' is the name David, 'netzivim' means 'officers' or 'captains', 'baAram' means 'in Aram', 'Dammesek' is the city Damascus, 'vatehi' means 'and it became', 'Aram' here refers to the region/people Aram, 'leDavid' means 'for David', 'laavodim' means 'to servants' or 'for servants', 'nosae' means 'bearing' or 'carrying', 'mincha' means 'tribute' or 'offering', 'vayosha' means 'and saved', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is the accusative marker and is not translated, 'David' again the name, 'bechol' means 'in all' or 'through all', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'halach' means 'he walked' or 'he went'.
[2SA.8.7] And David took the gold ornaments that were for the servants of Hadad'azer and he brought them to Jerusalem. [§]
Vayikach David et shilte ha-zahav asher hayu el avdei Hadad'azer vayevie'em Yerushalem.
'Vayikach' means 'and took', 'David' is the personal name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shilte' means 'ornaments' or 'chains', 'ha-zahav' means 'the gold', 'asher' means 'that', 'hayu' means 'were', 'el' means 'to' or 'for', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'Hadad'azer' is the name of a foreign king, 'vayevie'em' means 'and he brought them', 'Yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem'.
[2SA.8.8] And from the confidence and from my strongholds the cities of Haddadazar, the king David took a very great amount of copper. [§]
Umi-betach u-mi-berotai arei Haddadazar laqach ha-melekh David nechoshet harbeh meod.
'Umi-betach' means 'and from the confidence', 'u-mi-berotai' means 'and from my strongholds', 'arei' means 'cities of', 'Haddadazar' is a proper place name, 'laqach' means 'took', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'David' is the name of the king, 'nechoshet' means 'copper', 'harbeh' means 'much' or 'great amount', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
[2SA.8.9] And Toi the king of Hamath heard that David struck all the host of Hadadazar. [§]
vayishma Toi melech Hamat ki hikka David et kol-heyl Hadadazar.
'vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Toi' is a proper name, 'melech' means 'king', 'Hamat' means 'of Hamath', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'hikka' means 'struck' or 'smote', 'David' is the proper name David, 'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object (not rendered in English), 'kol-heyl' means 'all the host' (the army), and 'Hadadazar' is a proper name of a ruler or place.
[2SA.8.10] And Toi sent his son Yoram to King David to ask him for peace and to bless him because he fought against Hadad-azer and struck him, for Toi was a man of wars, Hadad-azer, and in his hand were silver vessels and gold vessels and bronze vessels. [§]
Vayishlach Toi et-Yoram ben-o el-hamelekh David li-shal-lo le-shalom u-le-varcho al asher nilcham ba-Hadad-azer vayakkehu ki ish milchamot Toi haya Hadad-azer u-ve-yado hayu k'lei-kesef u-kelei-zahav u-kelei-nechoshet.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Toi' is a personal name, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yoram' is the son’s name, 'ben-o' means 'his son', 'el' means 'to', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'David' is the king’s name, 'li-shal-lo' means 'to ask him', 'le-shalom' means 'for peace', 'u-le-varcho' means 'and to bless him', 'al' means 'because', 'asher' means 'who', 'nilcham' means 'fought', 'ba-Hadad-azer' means 'against Hadad-azer', 'vayakkehu' means 'and struck him', 'ki' means 'for', 'ish' means 'a man', 'milchamot' means 'of wars', 'Toi' repeats the name, 'haya' means 'was', 'Hadad-azer' repeats the opponent, 'u-ve-yado' means 'and in his hand', 'hayu' means 'were', 'k'lei-kesef' means 'silver vessels', 'u-kelei-zahav' means 'and gold vessels', 'u-kelei-nechoshet' means 'and bronze vessels'.
[2SA.8.11] Also he dedicated them, the king David, to Yahveh, with the silver and gold which he dedicated from all the nations that he captured. [§]
gam otam hekdish hamelekh David leYahveh im hakeseph vehzahav asher hekdish mikol hageyim asher kivesh.
'gam' means 'also', 'otam' means 'them', 'hekdish' means 'he dedicated', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'David' is the proper name, 'leYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'im' means 'with', 'hakeseph' means 'the silver', 'vehzahav' means 'and the gold', 'asher' means 'which', second 'hekdish' repeats 'he dedicated', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'hageyim' means 'the nations', second 'asher' means 'that', 'kivesh' means 'he captured'.
[2SA.8.12] From Aram and from Moab and from the children of Ammon and from the Philistines and from Amalek and from the spoil of Hadad-erez, son of Rehob, king of Zobah. [§]
Me-Aram u-mim-Moav u-mibnei Ammon u-mip-listim u-me-Amalek u-mishlal Hadadezer ben Rechov melech Tzova.
'Me-Aram' means 'from Aram', 'u-mim-Moav' means 'and from Moab', 'u-mibnei Ammon' means 'and from the children of Ammon', 'u-mip-listim' means 'and from the Philistines', 'u-me-Amalek' means 'and from Amalek', 'u-mishlal' means 'and from the spoil', 'Hadadezer' is a personal name meaning 'Hadad is help', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Rechov' is a personal name, 'melech' means 'king', 'Tzova' is a place name meaning 'Zobah'.
[2SA.8.13] And David made a name when he returned from striking Aram in the valley of salt, eighty thousand. [§]
Vaya'as David shem be-shuvo me-hakoto et Aram be-geh melach shmonah asar aleph.
'Vaya'as' means 'and he made', 'David' is the proper name David, 'shem' means 'a name', 'be-shuvo' means 'when he returned', 'me-hakoto' means 'from striking him', 'et Aram' means 'Aram' (the Arameans), 'be-geh melach' means 'in the valley of salt', 'shmonah asar' means 'eighty', 'aleph' means 'thousand'.
[2SA.8.14] He placed officials in Edom throughout all Edom; he set officials, and all Edom were servants to David, and Yahveh saved David in everything that he walked. [§]
Vayasem beEdom natzivim bechol Edom sam natzivim vayhi kol Edom avadim leDavid vayosha Yahveh et David bechol asher halach.
'Vayasem' means 'and he placed', 'beEdom' means 'in Edom', 'natzivim' means 'officers' or 'officials', 'bechol Edom' means 'throughout all Edom', 'sam' means 'he set', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'kol Edom' means 'all Edom', 'avadim' means 'servants', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'vayosha' means 'and saved', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et David' marks the object David, 'bechol' means 'in all', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'halach' means 'he walked' or 'he went'.
[2SA.8.15] And David reigned over all Israel, and David did judgment and righteousness to all his people. [§]
Vayimlokh David al kol Yisrael vayhi David oseh mishpat u-tzedakah le-khol amo.
'Vayimlokh' means 'and he reigned', 'David' is the name David, 'al' means 'over', 'kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayhi' means 'and it was' or 'and he was', the second 'David' repeats the name, 'oseh' means 'doing' or 'making', 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'u-tzedakah' means 'and righteousness', 'le-khol' means 'to all', 'amo' means 'his people'.
[2SA.8.16] And Yoav son of Tzeruya was over the army, and Yehoshafat son of Achilud was the recorder. [§]
veYoav ben Tzeruya al hatzeva veYehoshafat ben Achilud mazkiir.
'veYoav' means 'and Yoav', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Tzeruya' is a proper name, 'al' means 'over' or 'in charge of', 'hatzeva' means 'the army', 'veYehoshafat' means 'and Yehoshafat', 'Achilud' is a proper name, 'mazkiir' means 'recorder' or 'memorialist'.
[2SA.8.17] And Tzadok son of Achitub and Achimelech son of Evyatar, priests, and Sarya the scribe. [§]
veTzadok ben-Achitub veAchimelech ben-Evyatar kohanim uSarya sofer.
"ve" means "and", "Tzadok" is a proper name (means "righteous"), "ben" means "son of", "Achitub" is a proper name, "ve" again means "and", "Achimelech" is a proper name (means "my brother is king"), "ben" means "son of", "Evyatar" is a proper name, "kohanim" means "priests", "u" means "and", "Sarya" is a proper name, "sofer" means "scribe".
[2SA.8.18] And Benaiah son of Jehoiada, the Karetite and the Pelite, and the sons of David were priests. [§]
Uvenayyahu ben Yehoyada ve-hakreti ve-hapleti u-vene David kohanim hayu.
'Uvenayyahu' means 'and Benaiah', 'ben' means 'son', 'Yehoyada' is a personal name meaning 'Jehovah knows', 've-hakreti' means 'and the Karetite' (member of the Karet clan), 've-hapleti' means 'and the Pelite' (member of the Pelat clan), 'u-vene' means 'and the sons (of)', 'David' is the name David, 'kohanim' means 'priests', 'hayu' means 'were'.
2SA.9
[2SA.9.1] And David said, 'Is there still anything left for the house of Saul that I may show kindness to him for Jonathan's sake?' [§]
Vayomer David hachi yesh od asher notar leveit Shaul ve'ese immo hesed ba'avur Yehonatan.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'hachi' means 'indeed' or 'so', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'od' means 'still' or 'any more', 'asher' means 'that which', 'notar' means 'remains', 'leveit' means 'to the house of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 've'ese' means 'and I will do', 'immo' means 'with him', 'hesed' means 'kindness' or 'loving‑kindness', 'ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', and 'Yehonatan' is the name Jonathan.
[2SA.9.2] And to the house of Saul there was a servant, and his name was Ziba; they called him to David, and the king said to him, 'You are Ziba?' and he answered, 'Your servant.' [§]
Uleveit Shaul eved ushmo Tziva vayikreu-lo el-David vayomer ha-melekh elav hata Tziva vayomer avadecha.
'Uleveit' means 'and to the house of', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'eved' means 'a servant', 'ushmo' means 'and his name', 'Tziva' is the personal name Ziba, 'vayikreu-lo' means 'they called him', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'elav' means 'to him', 'hata' means 'you', the second 'Tziva' repeats the name Ziba, the second 'vayomer' again means 'and said', and 'avadecha' means 'your servant'.
[2SA.9.3] And the king said, "Is there no man left of the house of Saul? I will show him kindness of the Gods." And Ziba said to the king, "There is still a son of Jonathan, a cripple of the feet." [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh, ha'efes od ish le-beit Shaul ve-e'aseh im-o chesed haElohim. Vayomer Tziva el-ha-melekh, od ben liYehonatan neche raglayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and (he) said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'ha'efes' means 'is there none' or 'is not any', 'od' means 'still' or 'anymore', 'ish' means 'man', 'le-beit' means 'of the house of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 've-e'aseh' means 'and I will do', 'im-o' means 'with him', 'chesed' means 'kindness', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'Vayomer' again 'and (he) said', 'Tziva' is the name Ziba, 'el-ha-melekh' means 'to the king', 'od' means 'still', 'ben' means 'son', 'liYehonatan' means 'of Jonathan', 'neche' means 'cripple', 'raglayim' means 'of the feet'.
[2SA.9.4] And the king said to him, Where is he? And Ziba said to the king, Behold, he is in the house of Machir the son of Amiel at Lo-debar. [§]
Vayomer-lo ha-melekh eifo hu vayomer Tziva el ha-melekh hineh hu beit Makir ben Amiel be-lo devar.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'eifo' means 'where', 'hu' means 'he', 'vayomer' again means 'and said', 'Tziva' is a proper name, 'el' means 'to', 'ha-melekh' again 'the king', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'hu' again 'he', 'beit' means 'house', 'Makir' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Amiel' is a proper name, 'be-lo' means 'in Lo', and 'devar' means 'word' (part of the place name Lo-debar, literally 'no word' or 'no pasture').
[2SA.9.5] And the king David sent and took him from the house of Makir son of Amiel, a matter. [§]
Vayishlach ha-melekh David vayikkachehu mi-beit Makir ben Amiel milo dever.
'Vayishlach' means 'and (he) sent', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'David' is the proper name David, 'vayikkachehu' means 'and (he) took him', 'mi-beit' means 'from the house of', 'Makir' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Amiel' is a proper name, 'milo' means 'a matter' or 'thing', 'dever' means 'matter' or 'business'.
[2SA.9.6] And Mephiboshet son of Jonathan son of Saul came to David, and he fell on his face and bowed down, and David said, "Mephiboshet," and he said, "Behold, your servant." [§]
Vayavo Mephiboshet ben-Yehonatan ben-Shaual el-David vayipol al-panav vayishtahu vayomer David Mephiboshet vayomer hineh avdecha.
"Vayavo" means "and he came", "Mephiboshet" is a proper name, "ben-Yehonatan" means "son of Jonathan", "ben-Shaual" means "son of Saul", "el-David" means "to David", "vayipol" means "and he fell", "al-panav" means "on his face", "vayishtahu" means "and he bowed down", "vayomer" means "and he said", "David" is the name David, the second "Mephiboshet" repeats the name, the third "vayomer" means "and he said", "hineh" means "behold", and "avdecha" means "your servant".
[2SA.9.7] And David said to him, Do not be afraid, for I will do kindness with you because of Jonathan your father, and I will restore to you all the field of Saul your father, and you shall eat bread on my table always. [§]
Vayomer lo David al-tirah ki asah e'eseh imkha chesed ba'avur Yonatan avikha vehasivoti lekha et-kol-sdeh Shaul avikha ve'ata tokhal lechem al-shulkhani tamid.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'David' is the proper name David, 'al-tirah' means 'fear not', 'ki' means 'for', 'asah' means 'I will do', 'e'eseh' means 'I will do' (future), 'imkha' means 'with you', 'chesed' means 'kindness', 'ba'avur' means 'because of', 'Yonatan' is the proper name Jonathan, 'avikha' means 'your father', 'vehasivoti' means 'and I will restore', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'et-kol-sdeh Shaul avikha' means 'all the field of Saul your father', 've'ata' means 'and you', 'tokhal' means 'shall eat', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'al-shulkhani' means 'on my table', 'tamid' means 'always' or 'forever'. No divine name such as YHVH appears in this verse, so the special literal translations for divine names are not applied here.
[2SA.9.8] And he bowed down and said, 'What is my servant, that you have turned your face toward the dead dog that is like me?' [§]
Vayishtachu vayomer mah avdecha ki panita el-haklev ha-met asher kamoni.
'Vayishtachu' means 'and he bowed down', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mah' means 'what', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'panita' means 'you have turned', 'el-haklev' means 'to the dog', 'ha-met' means 'the dead', 'asher' means 'that', 'kamoni' means 'like me'.
[2SA.9.9] And the king called to Ziba, a youth of Saul, and said to him, All that was of Saul and of his whole house I have given to the son of your lord. [§]
vayikra ha melek el Tziva na'ar Shaul vayomer elav kol asher haya le Shaul u lechol beito natati le ven adonecha.
'vayikra' means 'and called', 'ha melek' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'Tziva' is the proper name 'Ziba', 'na'ar' means 'youth' or 'young man', 'Shaul' is the proper name 'Saul', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'haya' means 'was', 'le Shaul' means 'to Saul', 'u lechol' means 'and to all', 'beito' means 'his house', 'natati' means 'I have given', 'le ven' means 'to the son', 'adonecha' means 'of your lord'.
[2SA.9.10] And you shall work for him the land, you and your sons and your servants, and you shall bring, and it shall be to the son of your Lord bread, and he will eat it, and a cooking vessel the son of your Lord will always eat bread on my table, and to the captive five ten sons and twenty servants. [§]
veavadta lo et-hadamah attah uvanekha veavadekha vehaveta vehayah leven-adonekha lechem veachaloo umeviboshet ben-adonekha yokhal tamid lechem al-shulkhani uletziva chamisha asar banim ve'esrim avadim.
'veavadta' means 'and you shall work', 'lo' means 'for him', 'et-hadamah' means 'the land', 'attah' means 'you', 'uvanekha' means 'and your sons', 'veavadekha' means 'and your servants', 'vehaveta' means 'and you shall bring', 'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'leven-adonekha' means 'to the son of your Lord', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'veachaloo' means 'and he will eat it', 'umeviboshet' means 'and a cooking vessel', 'ben-adonekha' means 'son of your Lord', 'yokhal' means 'will eat', 'tamid' means 'always', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'al-shulkhani' means 'on my table', 'ultziva' means 'and to the captive', 'chamisha' means 'five', 'asar' means 'ten', 'banim' means 'sons', 've'esrim' means 'and twenty', 'avadim' means 'servants'.
[2SA.9.11] And Tziva said to the king, as all that my Lord the king commands his servant, so shall your servant do, and the rotting food on my table as one of the king's sons. [§]
Vayomer Tziva el ha-melekh kechol asher yetzaveh Adoni ha-melekh et avdo ken ya'aseh avdecha u-mefivashat okhel al shulchani ke'echad mivne ha-melekh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Tziva' is a personal name, 'el ha-melekh' means 'to the king', 'kechol' means 'as all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yetzaveh' means 'will command', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'et avdo' means 'his servant', 'ken' means 'so/thus', 'ya'aseh' means 'will do', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'u-mefivashat' means 'and the rotting', 'okhel' means 'food', 'al shulchani' means 'on my table', 'ke'echad' means 'as one', 'mivne ha-melekh' means 'of the king's sons'.
[2SA.9.12] And the younger son of Mphiboshet, whose name was Micah, and all the inhabitants of the house of Ziba were servants of Mphiboshet. [§]
Velimphiboshet ben-katan ushmo Mikhah vechol moshav beit-Tziva avadim limphiboshet.
'Ve' means 'and', 'limphiboshet' means 'to Mphiboshet' (the name of a man), 'ben-katan' means 'younger son', 'ushmo' means 'and his name', 'Mikhah' means 'Micah', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'moshav' means 'inhabitants' or 'settlers', 'beit-Tziva' means 'the house of Ziba', 'avadim' means 'servants', 'limphiboshet' again means 'to Mphiboshet'.
[2SA.9.13] And a scorching one sits in Jerusalem because on the king's table he always eats, and he is a feast of two feet. [§]
umephiboshet yoshev birushalam ki al shulchan ha-melekh tamid hu okhel vehu pisseach shtei raglav.
'umephiboshet' means 'and a scorching one' (literal sense of the root meaning 'to heat' with the conjunction 'and'), 'yoshev' means 'sits', 'birushalam' means 'in Jerusalem', 'ki' means 'because', 'al' means 'on', 'shulchan' means 'table', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'tamid' means 'always', 'hu' means 'he', 'okhel' means 'eats', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'pisseach' means 'feast' (used here as a noun, though the idiom can imply 'a feast' or 'a celebration'), 'shtei' means 'two', 'raglav' means 'his feet' or 'his legs'. The phrase 'pisseach shtei raglav' literally reads 'feast two his feet', an idiomatic way to describe someone as a 'two‑legged feast', i.e., a being regarded as a source of sustenance or delight.
2SA.10
[2SA.10.1] And it happened afterwards, and the king of the children of Ammon died, and his son Chanun reigned in his place. [§]
Vayehi acharei ken vayamat melech bnei Ammon vayimlokh Chanun b'no tachav.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ken' means 'this' or 'so', together 'acharei ken' = 'after this' or 'afterwards'. 'Vayamat' means 'and (he) died', 'melech' means 'king', 'bnei' means 'sons of' or 'children of', 'Ammon' is the name of the nation Ammon. 'Vayimlokh' means 'and (he) reigned', 'Chanun' is a personal name, 'b'no' means 'his son', 'tachav' means 'in his place' or 'instead of him'.
[2SA.10.2] And David said, I will show kindness to Chanun son of Nachash, just as his father showed kindness to me. And David sent, to comfort him, by the hand of his servants, to his father; and his servants came to the land of the children of Ammon. [§]
Vayomer David eeseh chesed im Chanun ben Nachash kaasher asah aviv imadi chesed vayishlach David lenachamo beyad avadav el aviv vayavohu avdei David eretz bnei Ammon.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'eeseh' means 'I will do' or 'I will make', 'chesed' means 'kindness' or 'lovingkindness', 'im' means 'with' or 'to', 'Chanun' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Nachash' is a personal name, 'kaasher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'asah' means 'he did' or 'he made', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'imadi' means 'to me', 'chesed' again 'kindness', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'lenachamo' means 'to comfort him', 'beyad' means 'by the hand of', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'aviv' again 'his father', 'vayavohu' means 'and they came' or 'and they went', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'David' the name, 'eretz' means 'land', 'bnei' means 'children of' or 'sons of', 'Ammon' is the name Ammon.
[2SA.10.3] And the princes of the children of Ammon said to Hanun their lord, 'He who honors David your father in your eyes, because he sent you comforts— is it not for the purpose of examining the city, tramping it, and overturning it? David sent his servants to you.' [§]
Vayomru serei b'nei-amon el-Channun adoneihem ha-makaved David et-avikha be'enaikha ki-shalach lekha menachamim halo ba'avur chakor et-ha'ir ulerag'lah ulehafkehah shalach David et-avadav eilekha.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'serei' means 'princes', 'b'nei-amon' means 'children of Ammon', 'el-Channun' means 'to Hanun', 'adoneihem' means 'their lord', 'ha-makaved' means 'the one who honors', 'David' means 'David', 'et-avikha' means 'your father', 'be'enaikha' means 'in your eyes', 'ki-shalach' means 'because he sent', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'menachamim' means 'comforts', 'halo' means 'is it not', 'ba'avur' means 'for the purpose of', 'chakor' means 'search/examine', 'et-ha'ir' means 'the city', 'ulerag'lah' means 'and to trample it', 'ulehafkehah' means 'and to overturn it', 'shalach' means 'sent', 'David' means 'David', 'et-avadav' means 'his servants', 'eilekha' means 'to you'.
[2SA.10.4] Hanun took David's servants, shaved half of their beards, cut their braids in half until they drank, and sent them away. [§]
Vayikach Chanun et avdei David vayegalach et chatsi zekhanam vayikrot et madveihhem bahetzi ad shtoteihem vayishallachem.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Chanun' is the name Hanun, 'et' is the accusative particle (untranslated), 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'David' is the name David, 'vayegalach' means 'and he shaved', 'chatsi' means 'half', 'zekhanam' means 'their beards', 'vayikrot' means 'and he cut', 'madveihhem' means 'their braids', 'bahetzi' means 'in half', 'ad' means 'until', 'shtoteihem' means 'their drinking (vessels)', 'vayishallachem' means 'and he sent them away'.
[2SA.10.5] They reported to David and he sent for them, because the men were very distressed, and the king said, 'Sit in your field until your old age comes and you return.' [§]
vayagidu leDavid vayishlach liqrataam ki hayu ha'anashim nichlamim meod vayomer hamelech shevu bireho ad yetzamach zekankhem veshabtem.
'vayagidu' means 'they reported', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'liqrataam' means 'to call them', 'ki' means 'because', 'hayu' means 'they were', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'nichlamim' means 'distressed', 'meod' means 'very', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'shevu' means 'sit', 'bireho' means 'in his field', 'ad' means 'until', 'yetzamach' means 'they become old', 'zekankhem' means 'your old age', 'veshabtem' means 'and you will return'.
[2SA.10.6] The children of Ammon saw that they were ashamed before David, and they sent the children of Ammon and hired Aram of the house of Rechov and Aram Tzova, twenty thousand foot soldiers, and the king Maacha, a thousand men, and a good man, twelve thousand men. [§]
Vayiru bnei Ammon ki nivasu beDavid vayishlu bnei-Ammon vayiskru et Aram Beit Rechov veet Aram Tzova esrim elef ragli veet melekh Maacha elef ish ve ish tov shenayim asar elef ish.
'Vayiru' means 'they saw', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Ammon' is the nation of Ammon, 'ki' means 'because', 'nivasu' means 'they were ashamed', 'beDavid' means 'before David', 'vayishlu' means 'they sent', 'bnei-Ammon' repeats 'children of Ammon', 'vayiskru' means 'they hired', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Aram' is a proper name, 'Beit Rechov' means 'house of Rechov', 'veet' is 'and the', 'Aram Tzova' is another proper name, 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'ragli' means 'foot soldiers', 'veet' again 'and the', 'melekh' means 'king', 'Maacha' is a proper name, 'elef' means 'a thousand', 'ish' means 'man', 've' means 'and', 'ish tov' means 'a good man', 'shenayim asar' means 'twelve', 'elef' again 'thousand', 'ish' again 'men'.
[2SA.10.7] And David heard and sent Joab and all the mighty army. [§]
Vayishma David vayishlach et-Yoav ve'et kol-hatzava haggiborim.
'Vayishma' means 'and (he) heard', 'David' is the personal name David, 'vayishlach' means 'and (he) sent', 'et' is the direct‑object marker and is not rendered in English, 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab, 've'et' means 'and (the) [object] also', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'tzava' means 'army' or 'host', 'haggiborim' means 'the mighty ones' or 'the warriors'.
[2SA.10.8] And the sons of Ammon went out and arranged war at the opening of the gate, and Aram was strong and broad and a good man and a plan by themselves in the field. [§]
Vayyetz'u b'nei Ammon vayaar'khu milchamah petach hashaar va'aram tzova u-rechov ve'ish-tov u-ma'acha levadam ba-sadeh.
'Vayyetz'u' means 'and they went out', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Ammon' is the name of a people, 'vayaar'khu' means 'and they arranged', 'milchamah' means 'war', 'petach' means 'opening', 'hashaar' means 'the gate', 'va'aram' means 'and Aram', 'tzova' means 'was strong', 'u-rechov' means 'and was broad', 've'ish-tov' means 'and a good man', 'u-ma'acha' means 'and a plan', 'levadam' means 'by themselves', 'ba-sadeh' means 'in the field'.
[2SA.10.9] And Joab saw that the battle lines were before him, from the front and from behind; and he chose from all the youths of Israel and arranged them to meet the Arameans. [§]
Vayar Yoav ki hayetah elav penei ha-milchamah mipanim u-meachor vayivchar mikol bechurei Yisrael vayaaroch likrat Aram.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab, 'ki' means 'that', 'hayetah' means 'were', 'elav' means 'to him', 'penei' means 'the faces of', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the battle', 'mipanim' means 'from the front', 'u-meachor' means 'and from behind', 'vayivchar' means 'and he chose', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'bechurei' means 'the youths of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayaaroch' means 'and he arranged', 'likrat' means 'to meet', 'Aram' means 'Aram' (the Arameans).
[2SA.10.10] And the rest of the people he gave into the hand of Avshai his brother, and he arranged to meet the sons of Ammon. [§]
ve'et yeter haam nathan be-yad Avshai achiv vayaaroch liqrat b'nei Ammon.
've'et' means 'and the', 'yeter' means 'rest' or 'remainder', 'haam' means 'the people', 'nathan' means 'gave', 'be-yad' means 'into the hand of', 'Avshai' is a personal name, 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'vayaaroch' means 'and he prepared' or 'arranged', 'liqrat' means 'for meeting' or 'to meet', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Ammon' is the name of a people.
[2SA.10.11] And he said, If Aram is stronger than me, then it will be a salvation for me; and if the sons of Ammon are stronger than you, I will go to save you. [§]
vayomer im techezak aram mimeini vehayita li lishua ve'im b'nei amon yechezku mimcha vehalachti lehoshia lakh.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'im' means 'if', 'techezak' means 'you will be strong', 'aram' means 'Aram', 'mimeini' means 'from me', 'vehayita' means 'and it will be', 'li' means 'to me', 'lishua' means 'a salvation', 've'im' means 'and if', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'amon' means 'Ammon', 'yechezku' means 'they will be strong', 'mimcha' means 'from you', 'vehalachti' means 'and I will go', 'lehoshia' means 'to save', 'lakh' means 'you'.
[2SA.10.12] Be strong and let us be strengthened for our people and for the cities of our God, and Yahveh will do the good in his eyes. [§]
chazak ve-nitchazek be'ad amenu uve'ad arei Eloheinu vayahveh ya'aseh hatov be'einav.
'chazak' means 'be strong', 've-nitchazek' means 'and we will be strengthened', 'be'ad' means 'for' (on behalf of), 'amenu' means 'our people', 'uve'ad' means 'and for', 'arei' means 'the cities', 'Eloheinu' means 'our God' (the literal name Elohim rendered as God), 'vayahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'ya'aseh' means 'will do', 'hatov' means 'the good', 'be'einav' means 'in his eyes'.
[2SA.10.13] And Job approached, and the people who were with him for battle in Aram fled from his presence. [§]
Vayiggash Yoav vehaam asher imo lamilchamah baAram vayanusu mipaneiv.
'Vayiggash' means 'and he approached', 'Yoav' is the name 'Job', 'vehaam' means 'and the people', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'imo' means 'with him', 'lamilchamah' means 'for war' or 'to battle', 'baAram' means 'in Aram', 'vayanusu' means 'and they fled', 'mipaneiv' means 'from his presence'.
[2SA.10.14] And the sons of Ammon saw that Aram had fled, and they fled before Avishai, and they came to the city; and Joab returned from over the sons of Ammon and came to Jerusalem. [§]
Uve'nei Ammon ra'hu ki-nas Aram vayanus'u mipnei Avishai vayavo ha'ir vayashav Yoav me'al b'nei Ammon vayavo Yerushalayim.
'Uve'nei' means 'and the sons of', 'Ammon' is the name of the Ammonite people, 'ra'hu' means 'saw', 'ki-nas' means 'that Aram fled', 'Aram' is a nation, 'vayanus'u' means 'and they fled', 'mipnei' means 'from before', 'Avishai' is a proper name, 'vayavo' means 'and they came', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'vayashav' means 'and returned', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'me'al' means 'from over', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', again 'Ammon', 'vayavo' means 'and came', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem'.
[2SA.10.15] And Aram saw that (he) was struck before Israel, and they gathered together. [§]
Vayar Aram ki nigaef lifnei Yisrael vaye'esfu yachad.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'Aram' is the name of the region or people, 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'nigaef' means 'was struck' or 'was wounded', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vaye'esfu' means 'and they gathered' or 'and they assembled', 'yachad' means 'together'.
[2SA.10.16] And Hadad-azer sent, and he went out against the Arameans who were from beyond the river, and they came with their host, and the commander, chief of the host of Hadad-azer, went before them. [§]
vayishlach Hadad-azer vayotse et Aram asher meever ha-nahar vayavo'u cheylam veshovach sar tzava Hadad-azer lifnehem.
'vayishlach' means 'and (he) sent', 'Hadad-azer' is a personal name, 'vayotse' means 'and (he) went out', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'Aram' means 'the Arameans', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'meever' means 'from beyond', 'ha-nahar' means 'the river', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'cheylam' means 'their host/army', 'veshovach' means 'and the commander', 'sar' means 'chief', 'tzava' means 'host', 'Hadad-azer' repeats the name, 'lifnehem' means 'before them'.
[2SA.10.17] It was reported to David to gather all Israel, and he crossed the Jordan and came to Helam; and Aram arrayed to meet David, and they fought with him. [§]
Vayugad leDavid suveyesof et-kol-Yisrael vayya'avor et-hayarden vayavo chelama vayya'arkhu Aram likrat David vayillachamu imo.
'Vayugad' means 'it was reported', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'suveyesof' means 'to gather', 'et-kol-Yisrael' means 'all Israel', 'vayya'avor' means 'and he crossed', 'et-hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'chelama' means 'to Helam', 'vayya'arkhu' means 'they arrayed', 'Aram' means 'Aram (Syria)', 'likrat' means 'to meet', 'David' means 'David', 'vayillachamu' means 'they fought', 'imo' means 'with him'.
[2SA.10.18] And Aram fled before Israel, and David struck down from Aram seven hundred chariots and forty thousand horsemen, and he struck Shobach, commander of his army, and he died there. [§]
Vayanas Aram mipnei Yisrael vayaharog David meAram shiva meot rechev vearbaim elef parashim veet Shobach sar tzvao hikka vayamath sham.
'Vayanas' means 'and fled', 'Aram' is the name of a nation east of Israel, 'mipnei' means 'before' or 'from the presence of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayaharog' means 'and struck down' or 'killed', 'David' is the name of the Israelite king, 'meAram' means 'from Aram', 'shiva' means 'seven', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'rechev' means 'chariots', 'vearbaim' means 'and forty', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'parashim' means 'horsemen', 'veet' means 'and (the) [object]', 'Shobach' is the name of a commander, 'sar' means 'chief' or 'commander', 'tzvao' means 'his army', 'hikka' means 'he struck' or 'he smote', 'vayamath' means 'and died', 'sham' means 'there'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special name translations are applied.
[2SA.10.19] And all the kings saw the servants of Haddad'ezar because they were overwhelmed before Israel; they handed over Israel and served them, and they saw Aram to save again the sons of Ammon. [§]
Vayiru kol-hamelachim avdei haddad'ezar ki nigeffu lifnei Israel vayashlimu et Israel vayavodum vayiru Aram lehoshia od et b'nei Amon.
'Vayiru' means 'and they saw', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-melachim' means 'the kings', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'haddad'ezar' is a proper name, 'ki' means 'because', 'nigeffu' means 'they were overcome', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Israel' is the nation of Israel, 'vayashlimu' means 'they handed over', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'vayavodum' means 'they served them', 'vayiru' again means 'they saw', 'Aram' is the region Aram, 'lehoshia' means 'to save', 'od' means 'again', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Amon' is the nation Ammon.
2SA.11
[2SA.11.1] And it happened at the turning of the year, at the time the Philistines went out, and David sent Joab and his servants with him and all Israel; they slew the sons of Ammon, and they gathered at Rabbah, and David dwelt in Jerusalem. [§]
Vayehi li teshubat ha-shanah le-et tze'et ha-melakhim vayishlach David et Yoav ve-et avadav imo ve-et kol Yisrael vayashchitu et-benei Ammon vayatzuru al-Rabbah ve-David yoshev biYerushalem.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'li teshubat' means 'at the turn of', 'ha-shanah' means 'the year', 'le-et' means 'at the time of', 'tze'et' means 'going out', 'ha-melakhim' means 'the Philistines', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'David' is the name David, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 've-et' means 'and', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'imo' means 'with him', 've-et kol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayashchitu' means 'they slew', 'et-benei' means 'the sons of', 'Ammon' is the name Ammon, 'vayatzuru' means 'they were gathered', 'al' means 'at', 'Rabbah' is a place name, 've-David' means 'and David', 'yoshev' means 'dwelt/ sat', 'biYerushalem' means 'in Jerusalem'.
[2SA.11.2] And it was at evening time, and David rose from his bed and walked on the roof of the king's house, and he saw a woman washing from the roof, and the woman was very beautiful. [§]
Vayehi le'et ha'ereb vayakam David me'al mishkavo vayit'halekh al gag beit ha-melakh vayare ishah rochetzet me'al ha-gag veha-isha tovot mar'eh me'od.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'le'et' means 'at the time of', 'ha'ereb' means 'the evening', 'vayakam' means 'and [he] rose', 'David' is the name David, 'me'al' means 'from', 'mishkavo' means 'his bed', 'vayit'halekh' means 'and [he] walked', 'al' means 'on', 'gag' means 'roof', 'beit' means 'house of', 'ha-melakh' means 'the king', 'vayare' means 'and [he] saw', 'ishah' means 'woman', 'rochetzet' means 'washing', 'me'al' means 'from', 'ha-gag' means 'the roof', 'veha-isha' means 'and the woman', 'tovot' means 'beautiful' (feminine), 'mar'eh' means 'appearance', 'me'od' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
[2SA.11.3] And David sent someone and inquired for the woman and said, "Is not this the daughter of Sheva, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?" [§]
Vayishlach David vayidrosh la'isha vayomer halo zot bat Sheva bat Eliam eshet Uriah haChiti.
"Vayishlach" means "and sent", "David" is a proper name, "vayidrosh" means "and inquired", "la'isha" means "for the woman", "vayomer" means "and said", "halo" means "is not", "zot" means "this", "bat" means "daughter", "Sheva" is a proper name, the second "bat" means "daughter", "Eliam" is a proper name, "eshet" means "wife", "Uriah" is a proper name, "haChiti" means "the Hittite".
[2SA.11.4] And David sent messengers and took her, and she came to him and he lay with her, and she was sanctified from her impurity, and she returned to her house. [§]
Vayishlach David mal'achim vayikacheha vatavo elav vayishkav imah vehiy hi mitkadeshet mitum'atah vatashav el-betah.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'David' is the proper name David, 'mal'achim' means 'messengers', 'vayikacheha' means 'and he took her', 'vatavo' means 'and she came to him', 'vayishkav' means 'and he lay (with)', 'imah' means 'with her', 'vehi' means 'and she', 'mitkadeshet' means 'was being sanctified', 'mitum'atah' means 'from her impurity', 'vatashav' means 'and she returned', 'el-betah' means 'to her house'.
[2SA.11.5] And the woman gave birth, and she sent and told David, and said, 'I have given birth.' [§]
Vatahar ha'isha vatishlach vatagged leDavid vatoamer harah anochi.
'Vatahar' means 'and the woman gave birth', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'vatishlach' means 'and she sent', 'vatagged' means 'and she told', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'harah' means 'I have given birth', 'anochi' means 'I'.
[2SA.11.6] And David sent to Joab, 'send to me Uriah the Hittite,' and Joab sent Uriah to David. [§]
Vayyishlach David el Yoav shlach elai et Uriyah ha chitti vayyishlach Yoav et Uriyah el David.
'Vayyishlach' means 'and he sent', 'David' is the name David, 'el' means 'to', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'shlach' means 'send', 'elai' means 'to me', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Uriyah' is the name Uriah, 'ha' means 'the', 'chitti' means 'Hittite', the second 'vayyishlach' again means 'and he sent', the second 'Yoav' is Joab, the second 'et' is the object marker, the second 'Uriyah' is Uriah, and 'el David' means 'to David'.
[2SA.11.7] And Uriah came to him, and David asked for peace for Joab, for the people, and for the war. [§]
Vayyavo Ouriya elav vayishal David lishlom Yoav velishlom ha'am velishlom ha-milchamah.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'Ouriya' is the proper name Uriah, 'elav' means 'to him', 'vayishal' means 'and he asked', 'David' is the proper name David, 'lishlom' means 'for peace', 'Yoav' is the proper name Joab, 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the war'. The phrase 'lishlom' is repeated three times to indicate peace requested for each of the three parties.
[2SA.11.8] And David said to Uriah, 'Go home to your house and wash your feet.' And Uriah went out of the king's house, and after him went out the king's attendants. [§]
Vayomer David leUriah red leveitecha ve'rechatz raglecha vayetse Uriah mibeyt ha-melekh vatesetz acharav masat ha-melekh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'leUriah' means 'to Uriah', 'red' means 'go down' or 'go', 'leveitecha' means 'to your house', 've'rechatz' means 'and wash', 'raglecha' means 'your feet', 'vayetse' means 'and he went out', 'Uriah' is the name Uriah, 'mibeyt' means 'from the house', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vatesetz' means 'and after him went out', 'acharav' means 'after him', 'masat' means 'the servants/attendants', 'ha-melekh' again means 'the king'.
[2SA.11.9] And Uriah lay at the opening of the king's house with all his servants, and he did not go down to his house. [§]
Vayishkav Uriah petach beit ha-melekh et kol avdei adonav ve lo yarad el beito.
'Vayishkav' means 'and he lay (down)'. 'Uriah' is a proper name. 'petach' means 'opening' or 'entrance'. 'beit' means 'house of'. 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'. 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English). 'kol' means 'all'. 'avdei' means 'servants of'. 'adonav' means 'his Lord' (the name Adonai rendered literally as 'my Lord', here with the suffix his). 've' means 'and'. 'lo' means 'not'. 'yarad' means 'went down' or 'descended'. 'el' means 'to' or 'toward'. 'beito' means 'his house'.
[2SA.11.10] And they reported to David, saying, "Uriah did not go down to his house." And David said to Uriah, "Is it not from the way you have come? Why did you not go down to your house?" [§]
Vayagidu leDavid le'emor lo-yarad Uriyah el-beto vayomer David el-Uriyah halo mi-derekh atta ba madua lo-yaradta el-betecha.
'Vayagidu' means 'and they reported', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'lo-yarad' means 'did not go down', 'Uriyah' is the personal name of Uriah, 'el-beto' means 'to his house', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the personal name of David, 'el-Uriyah' means 'to Uriah', 'halo' means 'is not it', 'mi-derekh' means 'from the way', 'atta' means 'you', 'ba' means 'came', 'madua' means 'why', 'lo-yaradta' means 'did not go down', 'el-betecha' means 'to your house'.
[2SA.11.11] Uriah said to David, the Ark and Israel and Judah are sitting in booths, and my Lord Joab and my servants are on the field encamped, and I will go to my house to eat and to drink and to lie with my wife, your life and the life of your soul, if I do this thing. [§]
Vayomer Uriyah el-David ha-aron ve-Yisrael vi-Yehudah yoshev ba-sukkot va-Adoni Yoav ve-avdei Adoni al-pnei ha-sadeh chonim va-ani avo el-beti le-echol ve-li'shot ve-li'shkv im ishti chayecha ve-chei nafshcha im-e'aseh et-hadavar hazzeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Uriyah' means 'Uriah', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'ha-aron' means 'the Ark', 've-Yisrael' means 'and Israel', 'vi-Yehudah' means 'and Judah', 'yoshev' means 'are sitting', 'ba-sukkot' means 'in booths', 'va-Adoni' means 'and my Lord', 'Yoav' means 'Joab', 've-avdei' means 'and the servants of', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'al-pnei' means 'on the face of', 'ha-sadeh' means 'the field', 'chonim' means 'encamped', 'va-ani' means 'and I', 'avo' means 'will go', 'el-beti' means 'to my house', 'le-echol' means 'to eat', 've-li'shot' means 'and to drink', 've-li'shkv' means 'and to lie down', 'im ishti' means 'with my wife', 'chayecha' means 'your life', 've-chei nafshcha' means 'and the life of your soul', 'im-e'aseh' means 'if I do', 'et-hadavar hazzeh' means 'this thing'. The name of God 'Adoni' is rendered as 'my Lord' per the translation guidelines.
[2SA.11.12] And David said to Uriah, "Stay tonight, also today, and tomorrow I will send you." And Uriah stayed in Jerusalem that day and the next day. [§]
Vayomer David el Uriyah shev baze gam hayom u machar ashalchecha. Vayeshev Uriyah birushalayim bayom hahu u mimacharat.
'Vayomer' means 'and (he) said', 'David' is the name David, 'el' means 'to', 'Uriyah' is the name Uriah, 'shev' means 'sit' or 'stay', 'baze' means 'tonight', 'gam' means 'also', 'hayom' means 'today', 'u' means 'and', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'ashalchecha' means 'I will send you', 'Vayeshev' means 'and (he) sat/stayed', 'Uriyah' again the name, 'birushalayim' means 'in Jerusalem', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'u' means 'and', 'mimacharat' means 'the next day' or 'the following day'.
[2SA.11.13] David called to him, and he ate before him, and he drank, and he made him drunk, and he went out in the evening to lie down in his bed with the servants of my Lord, and he did not go down to his house. [§]
Vayikra-lo David vayochal lefanav vayesh't vayeshakerhu vayetze baerev lishkav b'mishkavo im avdey adono ve'el beito lo yared.
'Vayikra-lo' means 'and he called to him', 'David' is the proper name, 'vayochal' means 'and he ate', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'vayesh't' means 'and he drank', 'vayeshakerhu' means 'and he made him drunk', 'vayetze' means 'and he went out', 'baerev' means 'in the evening', 'lishkav' means 'to lie down', 'b'mishkavo' means 'in his bed', 'im' means 'with', 'avdey' means 'the servants of', 'adono' means 'my Lord', 've'el' means 'and to', 'beito' means 'his house', 'lo' means 'not', 'yared' means 'descended' or 'went down'.
[2SA.11.14] And it was in the morning that David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it by the hand of Uriah. [§]
Vayehi baboker vayikhtov David sefer el-Yoav vayishlach beyad Uriyah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vayikhtov' means 'and he wrote', 'David' is the name David, 'sefer' means 'a book' or 'a letter', 'el-Yoav' means 'to Joab', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'beyad' means 'by the hand of', 'Uriyah' is the name Uriah.
[2SA.11.15] And he wrote in the book, saying: Bring Uriyah to the front of the strong battle, and you shall turn back from behind him, and he will be struck and die. [§]
Vayiktov ba-sefer le'emor havu et-Uriyah el mul pnei ha-milchamah ha-chazakah ve'shavtem me'acharav ve'nikkah ve'met.
'Vayiktov' means 'and he wrote'; 'ba-sefer' means 'in the book'; 'le'emor' means 'to say' or 'saying'; 'havu' means 'bring' (imperative plural); 'et-Uriyah' means 'Uriyah' (proper name, object marker); 'el' means 'to' or 'against'; 'mul' means 'the front of' or 'before'; 'pnei' means 'the face of' (in front of); 'ha-milchamah' means 'the battle'; 'ha-chazakah' means 'the strong' (adjectival); 've'shavtem' means 'and you will turn back' or 'and you shall return'; 'me'acharav' means 'from behind him'; 've'nikkah' means 'and he shall be struck'; 've'met' means 'and die'.
[2SA.11.16] And it happened while Joab was guarding the city, and he gave Uriah to the place that he knew, for there were men of valor. [§]
Vayehi bishmor Yoav el-ha'ir vayiten et-Uriyah el-hamakom asher yada ki anshei-chayil sham.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'bishmor' means 'while guarding', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'el-ha'ir' means 'to the city', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'et-Uriyah' means 'Uriah', 'el-hamakom' means 'to the place', 'asher' means 'that', 'yada' means 'he knew', 'ki' means 'for', 'anshei-chayil' means 'men of valor', 'sham' means 'there'.
[2SA.11.17] And the men of the city went out and fought Joab, and one of David's servants fell from the crowd and died, also Uriah the Hittite died. [§]
va-yetzeu anshei ha'ir va-yillachamu et Yoav va-yipol min ha'am me'avde David va-yamath gam Uriyah ha-chiti.
'va-yetzeu' means 'and they went out', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'va-yillachamu' means 'and they fought', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab, 'va-yipol' means 'and fell', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'me'avde' means 'of the servants', 'David' is the personal name David, 'va-yamath' means 'and died', 'gam' means 'also', 'Uriyah' is the personal name Uriah, 'ha-chiti' means 'the Hittite'.
[2SA.11.18] And Joab sent and reported to David all the words of the war. [§]
vayishlach Yoav vayagged leDavid et kol divrei ha milchamah.
'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'vayagged' means 'and he reported', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'et' is a direct object marker and is not translated, 'kol' means 'all', 'divrei' means 'words of', 'ha milchamah' means 'the war'.
[2SA.11.19] And he commanded the angel, saying, 'When you have finished all the words of the war, speak to the king.' [§]
Vayetzav et ha-malaach le'emor kechalotkha et kol divrei ha-milchamah le-daber el ha-melekh.
'Vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-malaach' means 'the angel', 'le'emor' means 'to say' or 'saying', 'kechalotkha' means 'when you have finished' (k- = when, chalot = finish, -kha = your), 'et' is again the object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'divrei' means 'words of', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the war', 'le-daber' means 'to speak', 'el' means 'to', and 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'.
[2SA.11.20] And it shall be, if you ascend in the king’s wrath, and he says to you, Why did you approach the city to fight? Is it not that you know what they will burn from the wall? [§]
vehayah im ta'aleh chamat hamelekh ve'amar lecha madua nigashtem el ha'ir le'hilachem halo yedatem et asher yoru me'al hachomah.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'im' means 'if', 'ta'aleh' means 'you go up/ascend', 'chamat' means 'wrath', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 've'amar' means 'and he said', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'madua' means 'why', 'nigashtemet' means 'you approached', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'le'hilachem' means 'to fight', 'halo' means 'is it not', 'yedatem' means 'you know', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yoru' means 'they will burn', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'hachomah' means 'the wall'.
[2SA.11.21] Who struck Avimelech son of Yerubeshet? Was it not a woman who threw a piece of a chariot from the wall upon him, and he died at Tebetz? Why did you approach the wall, and you said, 'Also your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead.' [§]
Mi hikkah et Avimelech ben Yerubeshet halo isha hishlikah alav pelach rechev me'al hachomah vayamat betevetz lama nigashatem el hachomah veamarta gam avdecha Uriah hachiti met.
'Mi' means 'who', 'hikkah' means 'struck' or 'hit', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Avimelech' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Yerubeshet' is a personal name, 'halo' means 'is not' or 'did not', 'isha' means 'woman', 'hishlikah' means 'threw', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'pelach' means 'piece' or 'shard', 'rechev' means 'chariot', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'hachomah' means 'the wall', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'betevetz' is a place name, 'lama' means 'why', 'nigashatem' means 'you approached', 'el' means 'to', 'hachomah' again 'the wall', 'veamarta' means 'and you said', 'gam' means 'also', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'Uriah' is a personal name, 'hachiti' means 'the Hittite', 'met' means 'dead'.
[2SA.11.22] And the angel went and came and reported to David all that Joab had sent him. [§]
Vayelech ha-malaach vayavo vayagged leDavid et kol-asher shelacho Yoav.
'Vayelech' means 'and he went', 'ha-malaach' means 'the angel', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'vayagged' means 'and he reported', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no English equivalent), 'kol-asher' means 'all that', 'shelacho' means 'he sent him', 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab.
[2SA.11.23] And the angel said to David, 'Because the men have pressed upon us and have gone out into the field against us, we will be upon them until the opening of the gate.' [§]
Vayomer ha-malach el-David ki-gavru aleinu ha-anashim vayetsu elenu ha-sadeh ve-niheye aleihem ad petach ha-sha'ar.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha-malach' means 'the angel', 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the name, 'ki' means 'because', 'gavru' means 'they pressed', 'aleinu' means 'upon us', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'vayetsu' means 'and they went out', 'elenu' means 'against us', 'ha-sadeh' means 'the field', 've-niheye' means 'and we will be', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'ad' means 'until', 'petach' means 'opening', 'ha-sha'ar' means 'the gate'.
[2SA.11.24] And the teachers saw your servants from atop the wall and they killed the king's servants, and also your servant Uriyah the Hittite died. [§]
Vayiro'u ha-morim el-avdecha me'al ha-choma vayamutu me'avde ha-melekh vegam avdecha Uriyah ha-Chitti met.
'Vayiro'u' means 'and they saw', 'ha-morim' means 'the teachers', 'el' means 'to', 'avdecha' means 'your servants', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'ha-choma' means 'the wall', 'vayamutu' means 'and they killed', 'me'avde' means 'the servants of', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'Uriyah' is a proper name, 'ha-Chitti' means 'the Hittite', 'met' means 'died'.
[2SA.11.25] And David said to the messenger, 'Thus say to Joab: Do not cause this matter to be evil in your eyes, for this way and that way the sword will devour; strengthen your war against the city and destroy it and strengthen it.' [§]
Vayomer David el-hamalach koh-to'amar el-Yoav al-yera be'eynekha et-hadavar hazeh ki-kazo ve-kaze tokhal hecharav hachazek milchamtekha el-ha'ir veharseh ve-chazkehu.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name of the king, 'el-hamalach' means 'to the messenger', 'koh-to'amar' means 'thus say', 'el-Yoav' means 'to Joab', 'al-yera' means 'do not cause harm', 'be'eynekha' means 'in your eyes', 'et-hadavar' means 'the thing/matter', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ki-kazo' means 'for this way', 've-kaze' means 'and that way', 'tokhal' means 'will eat/devour', 'hecharav' means 'the sword', 'hachazek' means 'strengthen', 'milchamtekha' means 'your war', 'el-ha'ir' means 'against the city', 'veharseh' means 'and destroy it', 've-chazkehu' means 'and strengthen it'.
[2SA.11.26] And the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah, her husband, had died and she mourned for her husband. [§]
Va-tishma eshet Uriah ki-meit Uriah ishah va-tispod al-baalah.
'Va-tishma' means 'and she heard', 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Uriah' is a proper name, 'ki-meit' means 'that (he) died', the second 'Uriah' repeats the name, 'ishah' means 'her husband', 'va-tispod' means 'and she mourned', 'al' means 'over' or 'for', and 'baalah' means 'her husband' (literally 'her master').
[2SA.11.27] And the mourning passed, and David sent, and he gathered her to his house, and she became his wife, and she bore him a son, and the thing that David did was evil in the eyes of Yahveh. [§]
Vayar avor ha'evil vayishlach David vayaspeh el-beto vatehi lo le'isha vateled lo ben vayerah ha-davar asher-asah David be'einei Yahveh.
'Vayar' means 'and he passed', 'avor' means 'the mourning', 'ha'evil' means 'the mourning', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'David' is the proper name, 'vayaspeh' means 'and he gathered', 'el-beto' means 'to his house', 'vatehi' means 'and she became', 'lo' means 'to him', 'le'isha' means 'as a wife', 'vateled' means 'and she bore', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ben' means 'a son', 'vayerah' means 'and the thing', 'ha-davar' means 'the matter', 'asher-asah' means 'that he did', 'David' the proper name, 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
2SA.12
[2SA.12.1] And Yahveh sent Nathan to David, and he came to him and said to him, Two men were in a city: one was rich and the other poor. [§]
va-yishlach Yahveh et-Nathan el-David va-yavo elav va-yomer lo shnei anashim hayu be-ir echat echad ashir ve-echad rash.
'va-yishlach' means 'and sent', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-Nathan' means 'Nathan', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'va-yavo' means 'and came', 'elav' means 'to him', 'va-yomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'shnei' means 'two', 'anashim' means 'men', 'hayu' means 'were', 'be-ir' means 'in a city', 'echat' means 'one', 'echad' means 'rich', 'ashir' means 'and', 've-echad' means 'the other', 'rash' means 'poor'.
[2SA.12.2] The rich had many flocks and cattle, very much. [§]
Le'ashir haya tzon u'vakar harbeh meod.
'Le'ashir' means 'to the rich', 'haya' means 'was' or 'had', 'tzon' means 'flock' or 'sheep', 'u'vakar' means 'and cattle', 'harbeh' means 'many' or 'great', 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
[2SA.12.3] And to the poor there is nothing except a small piece that he bought and revived; it grew with him and with his sons together. From his mouth you will eat, from his cup you will drink, and in his embrace you will lie down, and it became to him like a wife. [§]
ve-larash ein kol ki im kivsa achat ktana asher kana vaychayeha vatigdal immo ve-im banav yachdav mi-pitto tochal u-mi-koso tishte u-becheiko tishkav vatehi lo kevat.
've-larash' means 'and to the poor', 'ein kol' means 'there is nothing' (literally 'no all'), 'ki im' means 'except', 'kivsa' means 'a piece' or 'morsel', 'achat ktana' means 'one small', 'asher kana' means 'that he/she bought', 'vaychayeha' means 'and he revived it', 'vatigdal' means 'and it grew', 'immo' means 'with him', 've-im banav' means 'and with his sons', 'yachdav' means 'together', 'mi-pitto' means 'from his mouth', 'tochal' means 'you will eat', 'u-mi-koso' means 'and from his cup', 'tishte' means 'you will drink', 'u-becheiko' means 'and in his embrace', 'tishkav' means 'you will lie down', 'vatehi lo' means 'and it became to him', 'kevat' means 'like a wife'.
[2SA.12.4] And Helek went to a rich man and felt compassion to take from his grain and from his cattle to provide for the guest who came to him, and he took the chief man's calf and made it for the man who came to him. [§]
Vayavo Helek leish haashir vayachmol lakachat mitzono u-mivkaro la'asot laoreach habba-lo vayikach et-kivsath haish haresh vayyaseha laish habba elav.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came/goes', 'Helek' is a proper name, 'leish' means 'to a man', 'haashir' means 'the rich', 'vayachmol' means 'and he felt compassion', 'lakachat' means 'to take', 'mitzono' means 'from his grain/seed', 'u-mivkaro' means 'and from his cattle', 'la'asot' means 'to do/make', 'laoreach' means 'for the guest', 'habba-lo' means 'who comes to him', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'et-kivsath' means 'the calf', 'haish' means 'the man', 'haresh' means 'the chief', 'vayyaseha' means 'and he made it', 'laish' means 'for the man', 'habba' means 'who came', 'elav' means 'to him'.
[2SA.12.5] David was angry with the man greatly, and he said to Nathan, "Yahveh lives, because the man who does this is a dead man." [§]
Vayichar-af David ba'ish me'od vayomer el-Nathan chai-Yahveh ki ben-mavet ha'ish ha'oseh zot.
'Vayichar-af' means 'and his anger burned', 'David' is the name David, 'ba'ish' means 'against the man', 'me'od' means 'greatly', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el-Nathan' means 'to Nathan', 'chai-Yahveh' means 'Yahveh lives' (YHVH translated as Yahveh), 'ki' means 'because', 'ben-mavet' means 'son of death' i.e., 'dead man', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'ha'oseh' means 'who does', 'zot' means 'this'.
[2SA.12.6] And the kid shall be given fourfold because he did this thing and because he did not spare. [§]
ve'et ha-kivsha yeshallam arba'tayim ekhev asher asa et-hadavar hazeh ve'al asher lo-chamal.
've'et' means 'and the (object marker)', 'ha-kivsha' means 'the kid (young goat)', 'yeshallam' means 'shall pay' or 'shall give', 'arba'tayim' means 'fourfold' or 'four times', 'ekhev' means 'because of' or 'on account of', 'asher' means 'that which', 'asa' means 'he did' or 'he made', 'et-hadavar' means 'the thing' or 'the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this', 've'al' means 'and for' or 'and because', 'lo-chamal' means 'did not spare' or 'did not show mercy'.
[2SA.12.7] And said Nathan to David: You are the man as Yahveh the Gods of Israel said, I have anointed you king over Israel, and I have saved you from the hand of Saul. [§]
Vayomer Natan el-David atah ha-ish koh-amar Yahveh Elohei Yisrael anochi meshachticha le-melech al Yisrael ve-anochi hitsalti-kha mi-yad Shaul.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Natan' is the name Nathan, 'el-David' means 'to David', 'atah' means 'you', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'koh-amar' means 'as said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim meaning 'the Gods of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'anochi' means 'I', 'meshachticha' means 'have anointed you', 'le-melech' means 'to be king', 'al' means 'over', 'Yisrael' again 'Israel', 've-anochi' means 'and I', 'hitsalti-kha' means 'saved you', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul.
[2SA.12.8] And I will give to you the house of your Lord and the wives of your Lord in your bosom, and I will give to you the house of Israel and Judah; and if a little, I will add to you as a priest and as a priest. [§]
va'etnah lecha et beit adonecha ve'et neshei adonecha becheikacha va'etnah lecha et beit Yisrael viYhudah ve'im me'at ve'asifah lecha kahenah ve'kaheynah.
'va'etnah' means 'and I will give', 'lecha' means 'to you (masc.)', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'beit' means 'house', 'adonecha' means 'your Lord' (Adonai rendered as Lord), 've'et' means 'and the', 'neshei' means 'wives of', 'becheikacha' means 'in your bosom', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'viYhudah' means 'and Judah', 've'im' means 'if', 'me'at' means 'a little', 've'asifah' means 'and I will add', 'kahenah' means 'as a priest', 've'kaheynah' means 'and as a priest'.
[2SA.12.9] Why have you despised the word of Yahveh to do evil in his eyes, you struck Urijah the Cuthite with a sword and you took his wife for yourself as a wife, and you killed him with a sword, the sons of Ammon. [§]
Maddu'a bazita et-der var Yahveh la'asot ha'ra be'eenav et Uriyah ha-Cuthi hikita ba'cherav ve'et ishto lakhtah lecha le'isha ve'oto haragta ba'cherav b'nei Ammon.
'Maddu'a' means 'why', 'bazita' means 'you have despised', 'et-der var' means 'the word of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'ha'ra' means 'evil', 'be'eenav' means 'in his eyes', 'et Uriyah' means 'Urijah', 'ha-Cuthi' means 'the Cuthite', 'hikita' means 'you struck', 'ba'cherav' means 'with a sword', 've'et ishto' means 'and his wife', 'lakhtah' means 'you took', 'lecha' means 'for yourself', 'le'isha' means 'as a wife', 've'oto' means 'and him', 'haragta' means 'you killed', 'ba'cherav' again 'with a sword', 'b'nei Ammon' means 'the sons of Ammon'.
[2SA.12.10] And now no sword shall go out from your house forever because you have taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be for you a wife. [§]
veatah lo tasur cherev mi-beytecha ad olam ekhev ki veZitani vatikach et eshet Uriyah haChiti lihyot lecha leisha.
've' means 'and', 'atah' means 'now', 'lo' means 'no', 'tasur' means 'shall go out', 'cherev' means 'sword', 'mi-beytecha' means 'from your house', 'ad' means 'until', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'ekhev' means 'because', 'ki' means 'because', 'veZitani' means 'you took', 'vatikach' means 'and you took', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Uriyah' is a personal name, 'haChiti' means 'the Hittite', 'lihyot' means 'to be', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'leisha' means 'as a wife'.
[2SA.12.11] Thus says Yahveh, 'Behold, I am raising disaster against you from your own house; I will take your wives before your eyes and give them to your friends, and he will lie with your wives in the sight of this sun.' [§]
Koh amar Yahveh hineni meqim alekha raah mibaytcha velakacht et-nashecha leinycha venatati lereecha veshakhab im-nashecha leinei hashemesh hazot.
'Koh' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'hineni' means 'here I am', 'meqim' means 'I will raise', 'alekha' means 'against you', 'raah' means 'evil' or 'disaster', 'mibaytcha' means 'from your house', 'velakacht' means 'and I will take', 'et-nashecha' means 'your wives', 'leinycha' means 'to your eyes' (i.e., before you), 'venatati' means 'and I will give', 'lereecha' means 'to your friends', 'veshakhab' means 'and he will lie', 'im-nashecha' means 'with your wives', 'leinei' means 'before the eyes of', 'hashemesh' means 'the sun', 'hazot' means 'this'.
[2SA.12.12] For you made it in secret, and I will do this thing before all Israel and before the sun. [§]
Ki attah asita basater veani eeseh et-hadavar hazeh neged kol Yisrael ve neged ha shemesh.
'Ki' means 'for', 'atah' means 'you (singular masculine)', 'asita' means 'made', 'basater' means 'in secret', 'veani' means 'and I', 'eeseh' means 'will do', 'et-hadavar' means 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'neged' means 'against' or 'before', 'kol Yisrael' means 'all Israel', 've' means 'and', 'neged' again means 'before', 'ha shemesh' means 'the sun'.
[2SA.12.13] And David said to Nathan, I have sinned to Yahveh. And then Nathan said to David, also Yahveh has transferred your sin; you shall not die. [§]
Vayomer David el-Nathan chatati laYahveh, su vayomer Nathan el-David gam-Yahveh he'evir chatatekha lo tamut.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the personal name David, 'el' means 'to', 'Nathan' is the personal name Nathan, 'chatati' means 'I have sinned', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'su' means 'and then', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Nathan' again the name, 'el' again means 'to', 'David' the name, 'gam' means 'also', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'he'evir' means 'has transferred' or 'has borne', 'chatatekha' means 'your sin', 'lo' means 'not', 'tamut' means 'you shall die'.
[2SA.12.14] None, for you will be despised, you have the enemies of Yahveh in this matter; also the son that is born to you shall die. [§]
Efes ki- ne'etz ni'atsah et oy'vei Yahveh ba-davar ha-zeh gam ha-ben ha-yilled lecha mot yamut.
'Efes' means 'none' or 'not at all', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'ni'etz' (from the root נ‑א‑צ) means 'you will be despised' or 'you will be cut off', 'ni'atsah' means 'you have made' or 'you have caused', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'oy'vei' means 'enemies of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ba-davar' means 'in this matter', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 'gam' means 'also', 'ha-ben' means 'the son', 'ha-yilled' means 'that is born' or 'that is begotten', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'mot' means 'death', 'yamot' means 'shall die'.
[2SA.12.15] And Nathan went to his house, and Yahveh struck the child that the wife of Uriah bore to David, and it died. [§]
Vayelekh Nathan el-beto vayigof Yahveh et-hayeled asher yaldah eshet-Uriyah leDavid vayenash.
'Vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'Nathan' is a proper name, 'el-beto' means 'to his house', 'vayigof' means 'and he struck', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'et-hayeled' means 'the child', 'asher' means 'who', 'yaldah' means 'was born', 'eshet-Uriyah' means 'the wife of Uriah', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'vayenash' means 'and it died'.
[2SA.12.16] And David sought the Gods on behalf of the boy, and David fasted a fast, and he came and lay on the ground. [§]
Vayevaqesh David et haElohim be'ad hana'ar vayatzam David tzom ve'va ve'lan ve'shachav artzah.
'Vayevaqesh' means 'and he sought', 'David' is the proper name David, 'et' is the accusative particle (no English equivalent), 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'be'ad' means 'on behalf of', 'hana'ar' means 'the boy', 'vayatzam' means 'and he fasted', the second 'David' repeats the name, 'tzom' means 'a fast', 've'va' means 'and he came', 've'lan' is a connective meaning 'and (he) lay', 'veshachav' means 'and lay', 'artzah' means 'on the ground'.
[2SA.12.17] The elders of his house rose up against him to raise him from the ground, but he would not give and would not make bread with them. [§]
Vayakumu ziknei beito alav lehakimo min haaretz velo avah velo bera itam lechem.
'Vayakumu' means 'and they rose up', 'ziknei' means 'the elders', 'beito' means 'of his house', 'alav' means 'against him', 'lehakimo' means 'to raise him', 'min haaretz' means 'from the ground', 'velo avah' means 'and he would not give/agree', 'velo bera' means 'and would not create', 'itam' means 'with them', 'lechem' means 'bread'.
[2SA.12.18] And it happened on the seventh day that the child died; and the servants of David saw to tell him that the child was dead, for they said, Behold, while the child was alive we spoke to him and he did not hear our voice; and how shall we say to him the child is dead and do evil. [§]
Vayhi ba-yom ha-shvi'i vayamat ha-yeled vayiro'u avdei David le-hagid lo ki-mavet ha-yeled ki amru hineh biheyot ha-yeled chai dibarnu elav velo-shama be-kolenu ve-eich no'amar elav met ha-yeled ve-asah ra'ah.
'Vayhi' means 'and it was', 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-shvi'i' means 'the seventh', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'ha-yeled' means 'the child', 'vayiro'u' means 'and they saw', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'David' is the personal name David, 'le-hagid' means 'to tell', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ki-mavet' means 'that the child is dead', 'amru' means 'they said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'biheyot' means 'when', 'chai' means 'alive', 'dibarnu' means 'we spoke', 'elav' means 'to him', 've-lo shama' means 'and he did not hear', 'be-kolenu' means 'our voice', 've-eich' means 'and how', 'no''amar' means 'shall we say', 'met' means 'dead', 've-asah ra''ah' means 'and do evil'.
[2SA.12.19] And David saw that his servants were whispering, and David understood that the child had died, and David said to his servants, 'Has the child died?' and they said, 'He has died.' [§]
Vayyar David ki avadav mitlachashim vayaven David ki met hayyeled vayomer David el‑avadav ha‑met hayyeled vayomru met.
'Vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'David' is the name David, 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'mitlachashim' means 'were whispering', 'vayaven' means 'and he understood', 'met' means 'died', 'hayyeled' means 'the child', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el‑avadav' means 'to his servants', 'ha‑met' means 'has the child died', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'met' means 'died'.
[2SA.12.20] And David arose from the land, washed, poured out, changed his garments, entered the house of Yahveh, bowed down, went to his house, asked, they gave him bread, and he ate. [§]
Vayakam David mehaaretz vayirchatz vayasech vayachalef simlotav vayavo beit-Yahveh vayishtachu vayavo el-beto vayishal vayasimu lo lechem vayochal.
'Vayakam' means 'and he arose', 'David' is a proper name, 'mehaaretz' means 'from the land', 'vayirchatz' means 'and he washed', 'vayasech' means 'and he poured out', 'vayachalef' means 'and he changed', 'simlotav' means 'his garments', 'vayavo' means 'and he went', 'beit-Yahveh' means 'the house of Yahveh', 'vayishtachu' means 'and he bowed down', 'el-beto' means 'to his house', 'vayishal' means 'and he asked', 'vayasimu' means 'they placed/gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'vayochal' means 'and he ate'.
[2SA.12.21] And his servants said to him, 'What is this thing you have done for the sake of the child who is alive? You fasted and wept, and when the child died you rose and ate bread.' [§]
Vayomru avadav elav mah ha-davar hazeh asher asita ba'avur ha-yeled chai tsamta vatevekh ve'ka'asher met ha-yeled kamta vatochal lechem.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'elav' means 'to him', 'mah' means 'what', 'ha-davar' means 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asita' means 'you did' (feminine), 'ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'ha-yeled' means 'the child', 'chai' means 'alive', 'tsamta' means 'you fasted', 'vatevekh' means 'and you wept', 've'ka'asher' means 'and when/as', 'met' means 'died', 'kamta' means 'you rose', 'vatochal' means 'and you ate', 'lechem' means 'bread'.
[2SA.12.22] And he said, while the child was alive I fasted and I wept, because I said, who knows who will have mercy on me, Yahveh, and the child lives. [§]
Va-yomer be-od ha-yeled chai tsamti va-evke ki amarti mi yodea yechananni Yahveh ve-chai ha-yeled.
'Va-yomer' means 'and he said', 'be-od' means 'while', 'ha-yeled' means 'the child', 'chai' means 'alive', 'tsamti' means 'I fasted', 'va-evke' means 'and I wept', 'ki' means 'because', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'mi yodea' means 'who knows', 'yechananni' means 'who will have mercy on me', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 've-chai' means 'and alive', 'ha-yeled' means 'the child'.
[2SA.12.23] And now dead, why this? I fast; can I bring him back again? I am going to him, and he will not return to me. [§]
ve'attah met lama zeh ani tsam ha'uchal lehashivo od ani holech elav ve'hu lo-yashuv elai.
've'attah' means 'and now', 'met' means 'dead', 'lama' means 'why', 'zeh' means 'this', 'ani' means 'I', 'tsam' means 'fast', 'ha'uchal' means 'can I', 'lehashivo' means 'bring back', 'od' means 'again', 'holech' means 'go', 'elav' means 'to him', 've'hu' means 'and he', 'lo-yashuv' means 'will not return', 'elai' means 'to me'.
[2SA.12.24] And David comforted his seventh wife, and he went to her and lay with her; she gave birth to a son, and he called his name Solomon, and Yahveh loved him. [§]
Vayenachem David et bat-sheva ishto vayavo elihah vayishkav imah vatelad ben vayikra et-shmo Shlomo vayahveh ahevvo.
'Vayenachem' means 'and he comforted', 'David' is the proper name, 'et' is the accusative marker, 'bat-sheva' means 'the seventh' (referring to his seventh wife), 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'vayavo' means 'and he went', 'elihah' means 'to her', 'vayishkav' means 'and he lay (with)', 'imah' means 'with her', 'vatelad' means 'and she gave birth', 'ben' means 'a son', 'vayikra' means 'and he named', 'et-shmo' means 'his name', 'Shlomo' is the Hebrew form of 'Solomon', 'vayahveh' is the verb form of the divine name YHVH, translated literally as 'Yahveh', and 'ahevvo' means 'loved him'.
[2SA.12.25] And he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet, and called his name Yedidiyah for Yahveh. [§]
Vayishlach be-yad Natan ha-navi vayikra et-shemo Yedidiyah ba-avur Yahveh.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'be-yad' means 'by the hand of', 'Natan' is the name Nathan, 'ha-navi' means 'the prophet', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'et-shemo' means 'his name', 'Yedidiyah' is the personal name meaning 'beloved of Yahveh', 'ba-avur' means 'for the sake of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[2SA.12.26] And Joab fought the sons of Ammon at Rabbah and captured the royal city. [§]
Vayilachem Yoav berabbat Benei Amon vayilkod et ir hamelukah.
'Vayilachem' means 'and he fought', 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab, 'berabbat' means 'at Rabbah' (a city of the Ammonites), 'Benei Amon' means 'the sons of Ammon', 'vayilkod' means 'and he captured', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ir' means 'city', 'hamelukah' means 'the kingdom' or 'royal'.
[2SA.12.27] And Joab sent messengers to David, and said, I fought against many, also I captured the city of the waters. [§]
Vayishlach Yoav malachim el-David vayomer nilchamti be-rabah gam-lakhdti et ir ha-mayim.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'malachim' means 'messengers', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'nilchamti' means 'I fought', 'be-rabah' means 'against many' or 'with many', 'gam-lakhdti' means 'also I captured', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ir' means 'city', 'ha-mayim' means 'the waters'.
[2SA.12.28] Now gather the remaining people and lay siege to the city and capture it, lest I go away from the city, and my name will be upon it. [§]
ve'atta esof et-yeter ha'am vachanah al-ha'ir ve'lakdah pen-elkod ani et-ha'ir ve'nikr'a shemi aleha.
've'atta' means 'and now', 'esof' means 'gather', 'et-yeter' means 'the remainder', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'vachanah' means 'and lay siege', 'al-ha'ir' means 'upon the city', 've'lakdah' means 'and capture it', 'pen-elkod' means 'lest I go away', 'ani' means 'I', 'et-ha'ir' means 'the city', 've'nikr'a' means 'and it will be called', 'shemi' means 'my name', 'aleha' means 'upon it'.
[2SA.12.29] David gathered all the people, went to Rabbath, fought there, and captured it. [§]
Vaye'esof David et kol haam vayelekh Rabbatah vayilachem bah vayilkedah.
'Vaye'esof' means 'and he gathered', 'David' is the name David, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'Rabbatah' is a place name (Rabbath), 'vayilachem' means 'and he fought', 'bah' means 'there/against it', 'vayilkedah' means 'and he captured it'.
[2SA.12.30] And he took the king's earring from his head, and its weight was a talent of gold and a precious stone, and it was upon David's head, and he brought out the plunder of the city very much. [§]
Vayikach et-ateret-malkam me'al rosho u-mishkalah kikar zahav ve'evan yekarah vattehi al-rosh David u-shelal ha'ir hotzi harbeh meod.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ateret-malkam' means 'the king's earring', 'me'al' means 'from off', 'rosho' means 'his head', 'u-mishkalah' means 'and its weight', 'kikar' means 'a talent' (unit of weight), 'zahav' means 'gold', 've'evan' means 'and a stone', 'yekarah' means 'precious', 'vattehi' means 'and it was', 'al-rosh' means 'upon the head of', 'David' is the name David, 'u-shelal' means 'and the plunder', 'ha'ir' means 'of the city', 'hotzi' means 'he brought out', 'harbeh' means 'greatly', 'meod' means 'very'.
[2SA.12.31] And the people that were in it he brought out and placed in a siege and in the iron bars and in the iron clamps and he transferred them in the basket and so he will do to all the cities of the children of Ammon and David returned and all the people [went] to Jerusalem. [§]
ve'et ha'am asher bah hotzi vayasem ba-megera uva-hartszei ha-barzel uve-magzrot ha-barzel veh'evir otam ba-malken ve'chen ya'aseh lechol arei b'nei-aman vayashav David vechol ha'am Yerushalem.
've'et' means 'and the', 'ha'am' means 'people', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'bah' means 'in it', 'hotzi' means 'he brought out', 'vayasem' means 'and he placed', 'ba-megera' means 'in a siege', 'uva-hartszei' means 'and in the iron bars', 'ha-barzel' means 'the iron', 'uve-magzrot' means 'and in the iron clamps', 've'evir' means 'and he transferred', 'otam' means 'them', 'ba-malken' means 'in the basket', 've'chen' means 'and so', 'ya'aseh' means 'he will do', 'lechol' means 'to all', 'arei' means 'cities of', 'b'nei-aman' means 'children of Ammon', 'vayashav' means 'and returned', 'David' is the name David, 'vechol ha'am' means 'and all the people', 'Yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem'.
2SA.13
[2SA.13.1] And it came to pass after this, Absalom son of David had a beautiful sister, and her name was Tamar; and Amnon son of David loved her. [§]
vayhi acharei-ken ulevashalom ben David achot yafa u-shema Tamar vayeahaveha Amnon ben David.
'vayhi' means 'and it came to pass', 'acharei-ken' means 'after this', 'ulevashalom' means 'to Absalom' (the dative form of Absalom), 'ben' means 'son', 'David' means 'David', 'achot' means 'sister', 'yafa' means 'beautiful', 'u-shema' means 'and her name', 'Tamar' is the proper name Tamar, 'vayeahaveha' means 'and (he) loved her', 'Amnon' is the proper name Amnon, 'ben David' means 'son of David'.
[2SA.13.2] And it was desired by Amnon to lust after Tamar his sister because she was a virgin; and he was angry in the eyes of Amnon to do a wicked thing to her. [§]
Vayetser leAmnon lehitchalot ba'avur Tamar achoto ki betula hi vayipale be'einei Amnon la'asot lah me'umah.
'Vayetser' means 'and it was desired', 'leAmnon' means 'by Amnon', 'lehitchalot' means 'to lust after', 'ba'avur' means 'because of', 'Tamar' is a proper name, 'achoto' means 'his sister', 'ki' means 'because', 'betula' means 'she was a virgin', 'hi' means 'she', 'vayipale' means 'and he was angry', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Amnon' is a proper name, 'la'asot' means 'to do', 'lah' means 'to her', 'me'umah' means 'a wicked thing'.
[2SA.13.3] And for Amnon a companion, and his name Yonadav son of Shimea brother of David, and Yonadav a very wise man. [§]
u le'amnon rea u'shmo Yonadav ben-Shimea achi David ve'Yonadav ish chacham me'od.
'u le'amnon' means 'and for Amnon', 'rea' means 'companion' or 'friend', 'u'shmo' means 'and his name', 'Yonadav' is a personal name, 'ben-Shimea' means 'son of Shimea', 'achi' means 'brother of', 'David' is the name David, 've'Yonadav' means 'and Yonadav', 'ish' means 'man', 'chacham' means 'wise', 'me'od' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
[2SA.13.4] And he said to him, Why are you thus low, son of the king? In the morning, in the morning, will you not tell me? And he said to him, Amnon (the) Tamar sister of Absalom my brother I love. [§]
vayomer lo madua attah kakah dal ben-hamelech baboker baboker halo tagid li vayomer lo amnon et-tamar achot avshalom achi ani ohev.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'madua' means 'why', 'attah' means 'you', 'kakah' means 'thus' or 'so', 'dal' means 'humble' or 'low', 'ben-hamelech' means 'son of the king', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', repeated for emphasis, 'halo' means 'is not' used as a rhetorical question 'won't you', 'tagid' means 'you will tell', 'li' means 'to me', the second 'vayomer' again 'and he said', 'lo' again 'to him', 'amnon' is a proper name, 'et-tamar' is the object marker plus the name 'Tamar', 'achot' means 'sister', 'avshalom' is a proper name, 'achi' means 'my brother', 'ani' means 'I', 'ohev' means 'love' (verb).
[2SA.13.5] And Jonadab said to him, "Lie on your bed and get up; your father will come to see you, and you will say to him, ‘Come, my sister Tamar, give me bread, and she will set before my eyes the barley, so that I may see it and eat from her hand.’" [§]
vayomer lo yehonadav shekhav al-mishkavkha vehitchal uva avikha lir'otecha ve'amarta elav tavo na tamar achoti vetabr'eni lechem ve'asta le'eni et-habiryah lema'an asher ereh ve'achalti miyadah.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'yehonadav' is the personal name Jonadab, 'shekhav' means 'lie down', 'al-mishkavkha' means 'on your bed', 'vehitchal' means 'and get up', 'uva' means 'and come', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'lir'otecha' means 'to see you', 've'amarta' means 'and you will say', 'elav' means 'to him', 'tavo' means 'come', 'na' is a pleading particle 'please', 'tamar' is the name Tamar, 'achoti' means 'my sister', 'vetabr'eni' means 'and give me', 'lechem' means 'bread', 've'asta' means 'and she will prepare', 'le'eni' means 'before my eyes', 'et-habiryah' means 'the barley', 'lema'an' means 'for the purpose that', 'asher' means 'that', 'ereh' means 'I will see', 've'achalti' means 'and I will eat', 'miyadah' means 'from her hand'.
[2SA.13.6] And Amnon lay down and coveted, and the king came to see him, and Amnon said to the king, "Please bring my sister Tamar so that I may look upon her with my eyes, two hearts, and I will rape her from her hand." [§]
Vayishkav Amnon vayitchal vayavo hamelekh lir'oto vayomer Amnon el hamelekh tavo na Tamar achoti uletlabeb le'einai shtei levavot ve'evreh miyadah.
'Vayishkav' means 'and he lay (down)', 'Amnon' is a personal name, 'vayitchal' means 'and he coveted/desired', 'vayavo' means 'and came', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'lir'oto' means 'to see him', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el' means 'to', 'hamelekh' again 'the king', 'tavo' means 'come', 'na' is a particle meaning 'please', 'Tamar' is a personal name, 'achoti' means 'my sister', 'uletlabeb' means 'I will look upon', 'le'einai' means 'with my eyes', 'shtei' means 'two', 'levavot' means 'hearts', 've'evreh' means 'and I will rape', 'mi-yadah' means 'from her hand'.
[2SA.13.7] And David sent to Tamar the wife, saying, "Please go to the house of Amnon your brother and make a request for him." [§]
Vayishlach David el Tamar habayta lemor lechi na beit Amnon achik ve'asi lo habirya.
"Vayishlach" means "and sent", "David" is the name David, "el" means "to", "Tamar" is the name Tamar, "habayta" means "the woman" (wife), "lemor" means "saying", "lechi" means "go", "na" is a polite particle "please", "beit" means "house", "Amnon" is the name Amnon, "achik" means "your brother", "ve'asi" means "and make", "lo" means "for him", "habirya" means "the petition" or "request".
[2SA.13.8] And Tamar went to the house of her brother Amnon, and he was lying; and she took the jar, poured it out, mixed it before his eyes, and she cooked the hearts. [§]
vatelech Tamar beit Amnon achiha vehu shochev vatikach et-habatzek vatalosh ve'telabeb le'einav ve'tebashal et-hallevavot.
'vatelech' means 'and she went', 'Tamar' is a proper name, 'beit' means 'house of', 'Amnon' is a proper name, 'achiha' means 'her brother', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'shochev' means 'lying', 'vatikach' means 'and she took', 'et-habatzek' means 'the jar' (batzek = a container), 'vatalosh' means 'and she poured out', 've'telabeb' means 'and she mixed', 'le'einav' means 'to his eyes' (in his presence), 've'tebashal' means 'and she cooked', 'et-hallevavot' means 'the hearts' (plural).
[2SA.13.9] And she took the servant and poured before him, and he refused to eat, and Amnon said, Let every man be brought out from upon me, and every man went out from upon him. [§]
vattikach et-hamasseret vattizok lefanav vaymaen leekhol vayomer Amnon hotziu kol-ish me'ali vayetz'u kol-ish me'alav.
'vattikach' means 'and she took', 'et-hamasseret' means 'the servant', 'vattizok' means 'and she poured', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'vaymaen' means 'he refused', 'leekhol' means 'to eat', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Amnon' is a personal name, 'hotziu' means 'let them bring out', 'kol-ish' means 'every man', 'me'ali' means 'from upon me', 'vayetz'u' means 'they went out', 'me'alav' means 'from upon him'.
[2SA.13.10] And Amnon said to Tamar, Bring the maiden of the chamber and I will lie with you by your hand. And Tamar took the young women that she had made and brought them to Amnon into the chamber. [§]
Vayomer Amnon el Tamar habi'i habirya hachedar ve'evreh miyadech vatikkach Tamar et ha-levavot asher asatah vatave le-Amnon achiha hachedrah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Amnon' is a personal name, 'el' means 'to', 'Tamar' is a personal name, 'habi'i' is the feminine imperative meaning 'bring', 'habirya' means 'the maiden', 'hachedar' means 'the chamber', 've'evreh' means 'and I will lie with', 'miyadech' means 'by your hand', 'vatikkach' means 'and she took', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-levavot' means 'the young women', 'asher' means 'that', 'asatah' means 'she made', 'vatave' means 'and she brought', 'le-Amnon' means 'to Amnon', 'achiha' means 'her brother', 'hachedrah' means 'into the chamber'.
[2SA.13.11] She approached him for food; and he seized her and said to her, 'Come, lie down with me, my sister.' [§]
Vattagesh elav le'echol vayachazek-ba vayomer lah bo'i shichvi immi achoti.
'Vattagesh' means 'and she approached', 'elav' means 'to him', 'le'echol' means 'for food' or 'to eat', 'vayachazek-ba' means 'and he seized her', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'bo'i' means 'come', 'shichvi' means 'lie down', 'immi' means 'with me', 'achoti' means 'my sister'.
[2SA.13.12] And he said to him, "My brother, do not oppress me, for such will not be done in Israel; do not do this folly." [§]
Va tomer lo al-achi al-teanneni ki lo ye'aseh ken beYisrael al-ta'aseh et-hannebala hazot.
'Va' means 'and', 'tomer' means 'said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'al-achi' means 'my brother', 'al-teanneni' means 'do not oppress me' (literally 'do not afflict me'), 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'ye'aseh' means 'shall be done', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 'al-ta'aseh' means 'do not do', 'et' is a direct object marker with no translation, 'hannebala' means 'the folly' or 'the nonsense', 'hazot' means 'this'.
[2SA.13.13] And I will bring my contempt, and you will be like one of the harps in Israel; and now speak, please, to the king, because he will not prevent me from you. [§]
vaAni ana olich et-cherpati ve'atta tiheye ke'achad han'valim beYisrael ve'attah daber-na el-hamelech ki lo yimna'eni mimekha.
'vaAni' means 'and I'; 'ana' means 'I will'; 'olich' means 'carry' or 'bring'; 'et-cherpati' means 'my contempt' or 'my mockery'; 've'atta' means 'and you'; 'tiheye' means 'will be'; 'ke'achad' means 'like one'; 'han'valim' means 'of the harps'; 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel'; 've'attah' means 'and now'; 'daber-na' means 'speak, please'; 'el-hamelech' means 'to the king'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'yimna'eni' means 'will prevent me'; 'mimekha' means 'from you'.
[2SA.13.14] And he would not listen to her voice; he grew stronger because of her, he humbled her, and he lay with her. [§]
ve-lo avah lishmo'a b'kolah va-yechezek mi-menna va-ye'aneha va-yishkav otah.
've-lo' means 'and not', 'avah' means 'refused' or 'did not want', 'lishmo'a' means 'to hear', 'b'kolah' means 'in her voice' or 'to her voice', 'va-yechezek' means 'and he became stronger' or 'and he grew strong', 'mi-menna' means 'from her', 'va-ye'aneha' means 'and he humbled her' or 'afflicted her', 'va-yishkav' means 'and he lay down', 'otah' means 'with her' as a direct object.
[2SA.13.15] And Amnon hated her with great hatred, because the hatred with which he hated her was greater than the love with which he loved her, and Amnon said to her, 'Rise, go.' [§]
vayisnaehah amnon sinah gedolah meod ki gedolah hashinah asher snea meahavah asher ahevah vayomer la amnon kumi lechi.
'vayisnaehah' means 'and (he) hated', 'amnon' is the name Amnon, 'sinah' means 'hatred', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'meod' means 'very', 'ki' means 'because', 'gedolah' repeats 'great', 'hashinah' means 'the hatred', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'snea' means 'he hated', 'meahavah' means 'than love', 'asher' again 'that/which', 'ahevah' means 'he loved', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'la' means 'to her', 'amnon' repeats the name, 'kumi' means 'rise/stand up', 'lechi' means 'go (to a female)'.
[2SA.13.16] And she said to him, Do not praise this great evil after what you have done to me to send me away, and I will not listen to her. [§]
vato'emer lo al-odot ha-ra'ah hagedolah hazot me'acheret asher-asita immi leshalcheini velo avah lishmo'a lah.
"vato'emer" means "and she said", "lo" means "to him", "al-odot" means "do not praise", "ha-ra'ah" means "the evil", "hagedolah" means "the great", "hazot" means "this", "me'acheret" means "after", "asher-asita" means "that you did", "immi" means "with me", "leshalcheini" means "to send me away", "velo" means "and not", "avah" means "will I", "lishmo'a" means "to listen", "lah" means "to her".
[2SA.13.17] And he called his younger son, his servant, and said, Send, please, this away from me, the outside and the threshold of the door behind it. [§]
vayikra et na'aro mesharto vayomer shilchu na et zot me'alai hachutza uneol hadelet acharaha.
'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'et' is the direct object marker (not rendered in English), 'na'aro' means 'his younger son', 'mesharto' means 'his servant', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'shilchu' means 'send', 'na' means 'please', another 'et' is the object marker, 'zot' means 'this', 'me'alai' means 'away from me' or 'from me', 'hachutza' means 'the outside', 'uneol' means 'the threshold' or 'the doorstep', 'hadelet' means 'the door', and 'acharaha' means 'behind it'.
[2SA.13.18] And upon her a coat of fine linen, for thus she will be clothed; the king's daughters, the virgins, outer garments; and she went out, her servant the outer, and the shoe of the door behind her. [§]
ve'aleiha k'tonet passim ki chen tilbeshnah benot hammelekh hab'tulot me'ilim vayotzeh otah mesharto hachuts ve'na'al haddelet achareha.
've'aleiha' means 'and upon her', 'k'tonet' means 'like a coat', 'passim' means 'fine linen', 'ki' means 'for', 'chen' means 'thus', 'tilbeshnah' means 'she will be clothed', 'benot' means 'the daughters', 'hammelekh' means 'of the king', 'hab'tulot' means 'the virgins', 'me'ilim' means 'outer garments', 'vayotzeh' means 'and she went out', 'otah' means 'her', 'mesharto' means 'her servant', 'hachuts' means 'the outer', 've'na'al' means 'and the shoe', 'haddelet' means 'of the door', 'achareha' means 'behind her'.
[2SA.13.19] And she took dust upon her head, and tore the garment of the tassels that were on her, and placed her hand upon her head, and went walking, and cried out. [§]
Vatikkaḥ tamar efer al-roshah u'ketonet ha-passim asher aleha kar'ah ve'tasem yada al-roshah ve'telekh ha-lokh ve'za'akah.
'Vatikkaḥ' means 'and she took', 'tamar' means 'dust', 'efer' means 'dust' (repeat for emphasis), 'al-roshah' means 'upon her head', 'u'ketonet' means 'and the garment', 'ha-passim' means 'of the tassels', 'asher' means 'that', 'aleha' means 'were on her', 'kar'ah' means 'she tore', 've'tasem' means 'and she placed', 'yada' means 'her hand', 'al-roshah' again 'upon her head', 've'telekh' means 'and she went', 'ha-lokh' means 'walking', 've'za'akah' means 'and she cried out'.
[2SA.13.20] And he said to her, Absalom, her brother, the faithful, your brother, was with you; and now, my sister, the silent one, your brother, he says, do not set your heart upon this matter. And Tamar sat and was ashamed in the house of Absalom, her brother. [§]
Vayomer eleha Avshalom achiha haaminon achik haya imach ve'ata achoti hachrishi achik hu al-tashiti et-libekha ladavar hazeh vatesshev Tamar ve-shomema beit Avshalom achiha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'eleha' means 'to her', 'Avshalom' is the personal name Absalom, 'achiha' means 'her brother', 'haaminon' means 'the faithful one', 'achik' means 'your brother', 'haya' means 'was', 'imach' means 'with you', 've'ata' means 'and now', 'achoti' means 'my sister', 'hachrishi' means 'the silent one', 'achik' again means 'your brother', 'hu' means 'he', 'al-tashiti' means 'do not put', 'et' is a particle with no direct translation, 'libekha' means 'your heart', 'ladavar' means 'for the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vatesshev' means 'and she sat', 'Tamar' is the personal name Tamar, 've-shomema' means 'and was ashamed', 'beit' means 'house', 'Avshalom' again is the name Absalom, 'achiha' again means 'her brother'.
[2SA.13.21] And the king David heard all these words, and he was very angry. [§]
veha-melekh David shama et kol-hadvarim ha'eleh vayichar lo me'od.
'veha-melekh' means 'and the king', 'David' is the name of the king, 'shama' means 'heard', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'kol' means 'all', 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'vayichar' means 'and (he) became angry', 'lo' means 'to him' (referring to David), 'me'od' means 'very' or 'greatly'.
[2SA.13.22] And Abshalom did not speak with Amnon for evil or for good, because Abshalom hated Amnon because of what he did to Tamar his sister. [§]
ve lo diber Abshalom im Amnon lemera ve ad tov ki sane Avshalom et Amnon al dvar asher inah et Tamar achoto.
've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Abshalom' is the name Absalom, 'im' means 'with', 'Amnon' is the name Amnon, 'lemera' means 'for evil', 've' means 'and', 'ad' means 'to', 'tov' means 'good', 'ki' means 'because', 'sane' means 'hated', 'et' is the object marker, 'al' means 'because of', 'dvar' means 'word' or 'matter', 'asher' means 'that', 'inah' means 'he troubled' or 'harassed', 'Tamar' is the name Tamar, 'achoto' means 'his sister'.
[2SA.13.23] It was two years of days, and they were cutters for Absalom at Baal Chatzoor, which was with Ephraim, and Absalom called all the king's sons. [§]
Va-yehi li-shna-tayim yamim, va-yi-he-yu goz-zim le-Avshalom be-Ba'al Cha-tzor asher im-Ephraim, va-yi-ka-ra Avshalom le-khol be-ne ha-melekh.
'Va-yehi' means 'and it happened', 'li-shna-tayim' means 'for two years', 'yamim' means 'days', 'va-yi-he-yu' means 'and they were', 'goz-zim' means 'cutters' or 'those who cut', 'le-Avshalom' means 'for Absalom', 'be-Ba'al' means 'at Baal' (Baal = Lord), 'Cha-tzor' is a place name meaning 'Chatzoor', 'asher' means 'which', 'im-Ephraim' means 'with Ephraim', 'va-yi-ka-ra' means 'and he called', 'Avshalom' is a personal name, 'le-khol' means 'to all', 'be-ne' means 'the sons', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'.
[2SA.13.24] And Absalom came to the king and said, Behold now they are cutting down for your servant; let the king now go, and his servants with your servant. [§]
Vayavo Avshalom el hamelach vayomer hine na gozim leavdeka yeilech na hamelach veavadai im avdeka
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'Avshalom' means 'Absalom', 'el' means 'to', 'hamelach' means 'the king', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hine' means 'behold', 'na' means 'now' or 'please', 'gozim' means 'they are cutting down', 'leavdeka' means 'for your servant', 'yeilech' means 'let (him) go', 'na' again means 'now' or 'please', 'hamelach' means 'the king', 'veavadai' means 'and his servants', 'im' means 'with', 'avdeka' means 'your servant'.
[2SA.13.25] And the king said to Absalom, My son, please do not let us all go and I will not be ashamed before you, and he broke him and would not go, and he blessed him. [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh el-Avshalom al-beni al-na nelek kulanu velo nichbad alekha vayifrats-bo velo-ava lalekhet vayvarkehu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el-Avshalom' means 'to Absalom', 'al-beni' means 'my son' (with a plea), 'al-na' means 'please do not', 'nelek' means 'let us go', 'kulanu' means 'all of us', 'velo' means 'and not', 'nichbad' means 'be ashamed', 'alekha' means 'upon you', 'vayifrats-bo' means 'and he broke [him]', 'velo-ava' means 'and he would not', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'vayvarkehu' means 'and he blessed him'.
[2SA.13.26] And Absalom said, 'Please, let my brother Amnon not go with us.' And the king said to him, 'Why should he go with you?' [§]
Vayomer Avshalom velo yelekna itanu Amnon achi vayomer lo haMelekh lama yelek imach.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Avshalom' is the name Absalom, 'velo' means 'and not', 'yelekna' means 'let him go, please' (imperative with polite particle), 'itanu' means 'with us', 'Amnon' is the name Amnon, 'achi' means 'my brother', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'lama' means 'why', 'yelek' means 'should he go', 'imach' means 'with you'.
[2SA.13.27] Absalom broke out, and he sent with him Amnon and all the king's sons. [§]
va-yiprats bo Avshalom va-yishlach ito et Amnon ve-et kol b'nei ha-melech.
'va-yiprats' means 'and he broke out', 'bo' means 'in him' or 'against him' referring to Absalom, 'Avshalom' is the name Absalom, 'va-yishlach' means 'and he sent', 'ito' means 'with him', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Amnon' is the name Amnon, 've-et' means 'and also', 'kol' means 'all', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'ha-melech' means 'the king'.
[2SA.13.28] And Absalom ordered his servants, saying, 'Look, is it good the heart of Amnon with wine? I will tell you: kill Amnon and put him to death. Do not be afraid; is it not because I have commanded you, be strong and be men of valor.' [§]
vaytzav Avshalom et ne'arav le'emor re'u na k'tov lev amnon ba-yayin ve'amar'ti aleikhem hakku et amnon va'hamitem oto al-tira'u halo ki anochi tziviti etchem chizku viheyu livnei-chayil.
'vaytzav' means 'and he commanded', 'Avshalom' means 'Absalom', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no translation), 'ne'arav' means 'his youths' or 'his servants', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 're'u' means 'see', 'na' means 'please', 'k'tov' means 'is good', 'lev' means 'heart', 'amnon' means 'Amnon' (a personal name), 'ba-yayin' means 'in the wine', 've'amar'ti' means 'and I will say', 'aleikhem' means 'to you', 'hakku' means 'strike' or 'kill', 'et' again a direct‑object marker, 'amnon' again the name Amnon, 'va'hamitem' means 'and you will put to death', 'oto' means 'him', 'al-tira'u' means 'do not be afraid', 'halo' means 'is it not', 'ki' means 'because', 'anochi' means 'I', 'tziviti' means 'have commanded', 'etchem' means 'you', 'chizku' means 'be strong', 'viheyu' means 'and be', 'livnei-chayil' means 'sons of valor' i.e., 'men of strength'.
[2SA.13.29] The young men of Absalom did as Absalom had commanded, and all the king's sons rose, each mounted his donkey, and fled. [§]
Vayaasu naarei Avshalom leAmmnon ka'asher tziva Avshalom vayakumu kol-benei haMelekh vayirkvu ish al-pirdo vayanusu.
'Vayaasu' means 'they did', 'naarei' means 'the young men', 'Avshalom' is the personal name, 'leAmmnon' means 'to Ammnon', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tziva' means 'he commanded', 'vayakumu' means 'they rose', 'kol-benei' means 'all the sons of', 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'vayirkvu' means 'they mounted', 'ish' means 'each man', 'al-pirdo' means 'on his donkey', 'vayanusu' means 'they fled'.
[2SA.13.30] And it happened that they were on the road, and the rumor came to David saying, "Absalom has struck all the king's sons, and not one of them remains." [§]
Vayehi hemmah baderach vehashmuah ba'ah el-David le'emor hikah Avshalom et-kol-b'nei ham-melekh ve'lo-notar mehem echad.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'hemmah' means 'they', 'baderach' means 'on the road', 'vehashmuah' means 'and the rumor', 'ba'ah' means 'came', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hikah' means 'has struck', 'Avshalom' is the name 'Absalom', 'et-kol-b'nei' means 'all the sons of', 'ham-melekh' means 'the king', 've'lo-notar' means 'and none is left', 'mehem' means 'from them', 'echad' means 'one'.
[2SA.13.31] And the king rose, tore his garments, lay on the ground, and all his servants stood, their garments torn. [§]
Vayakam ha-melekh vayikra et-begadav vayishkav aretsa ve-khol avadav nitzavim kru'ei begadim.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vayikra' means 'and he tore', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'begadav' means 'his garments', 'vayishkav' means 'and he lay', 'aretza' means 'on the ground', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'nitzavim' means 'stood', 'kru'ei' means 'torn (plural)', 'begadim' means 'garments'.
[2SA.13.32] And Jonadab son of Shimea, brother of David, answered and said, "my Lord, do not say that all the youths, the sons of the king, should be killed, for only Amnon is dead, because it was by Absalom's order that Tamar his sister has been set aside since the day of his mourning." [§]
Vaya'an Yonadav ben-Shimea achi-David vayomer al-yo'mar Adoni et kol-hanne'arim b'nei-hamelach hemitu ki Amnon levado met ki al-pi Avshalom hayta sumah miyom annoto et Tamar achoto.
'Vaya'an' means 'and he answered', 'Yonadav' is the name Jonadab, 'ben-Shimea' means 'son of Shimea', 'achi-David' means 'brother of David', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'al-yo'mar' means 'do not say', 'Adoni' is translated literally as 'my Lord' (the literal translation of the divine title Adonai), 'et' is the Hebrew object marker, 'kol-hanne'arim' means 'all the youths', 'b'nei-hamelach' means 'sons of the king', 'hemitu' means 'they killed', 'ki' means 'for', 'Amnon' is a proper name, 'levado' means 'alone', 'met' means 'died', 'ki al-pi' means 'because by the mouth of', 'Avshalom' is the name Absalom, 'hayta' means 'was', 'sumah' means 'set aside', 'miyom' means 'since the day', 'annoto' means 'of his mourning', 'Tamar' is a proper name, 'achoto' means 'his sister'.
[2SA.13.33] Now do not cause my Lord the King to think a matter, saying, 'All the sons of the King are dead, except Amnon alone is dead.' [§]
Ve'atah al-yasem Adoni haMelekh el libbo davar lemor kol-benei haMelekh metu ki-im Amnon levado met.
'Ve'atah' means 'now', 'al-yasem' means 'do not cause', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'haMelekh' means 'the King', 'el' means 'to', 'libbo' means 'his heart', 'davar' means 'a matter/thing', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'kol' means 'all', 'benei' means 'the sons of', 'haMelekh' means 'the King', 'metu' means 'are dead', 'ki-im' means 'except', 'Amnon' is a proper name, 'levado' means 'alone', 'met' means 'dead'.
[2SA.13.34] And Abshalom fled, and the young watchman lifted his eyes, and he saw, and behold a great multitude walking behind him from beside the mountain. [§]
vayyivreh Avshalom vayissa hannaar hatsophe et-einav vayyar vehineh am-rav holechim miderekh acharav mitzad ha-har.
'vayyivreh' means 'and he fled', 'Avshalom' is a proper name, 'vayissa' means 'and he lifted', 'hannaar' means 'the young man' or 'the youth', 'hatsophe' means 'the watchman' (one who watches), 'et-einav' means 'his eyes' (literally 'the eyes of him'), 'vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'am-rav' means 'a great multitude', 'holechim' means 'walking' or 'going', 'miderekh' means 'on the road' or 'from the way', 'acharav' means 'behind him', 'mitzad' means 'from beside', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain'.
[2SA.13.35] And Yonadav said to the king, Behold, the king's sons have come, as your servant said, so it was. [§]
Vayomer Yonadav el-hamelach hineh b'nei-hamelach ba'u kidvar avdecha ken haya.
"Vayomer" means "and said", "Yonadav" is a personal name, "el-hamelach" means "to the king", "hineh" means "behold", "b'nei-hamelach" means "the king's sons", "ba'u" means "have come", "kidvar" means "as the word of", "avdecha" means "your servant", "ken" means "so", "haya" means "it was" or "it happened".
[2SA.13.36] And it happened, when he had finished speaking, behold the sons of the king came, raised their voice, and wept; also the king and all his servants wept, for it was very great. [§]
Vayehi kechalto ledaber vehineh b'nei ha-melekh ba'u vayis'u kolam vayivku vegam ha-melekh vechol avadav bakhu bechi gadol me'od.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kechalto' means 'when he finished', 'ledaber' means 'to speak', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'ba'u' means 'came', 'vayis'u' means 'they raised', 'kolam' means 'their voice', 'vayivku' means 'they wept', 'vegam' means 'also', 'ha-melekh' again means 'the king', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'bakhu' means 'they wept', 'bechi' means 'for it', 'gadol' means 'great', 'me'od' means 'very'.
[2SA.13.37] And Abshalom fled, and went to Talmai son of Amihur king of Geshur, and he mourned for his son all his days. [§]
ve-Avshalom barach vayelech el Talmai ben Amihur melech Geshur vayitabel al beno kol hayamim.
've' means 'and', 'Avshalom' is a proper name (literally 'father of peace'), 'barach' means 'fled', 'vayelech' means 'and went', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'Talmai' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Amihur' is a proper name, 'melech' means 'king', 'Geshur' is a proper name of a region, 'vayitabel' means 'and he mourned' or 'grieved', 'al' means 'for', 'beno' means 'his son', 'kol' means 'all', 'hayamim' means 'the days' or 'the time'.
[2SA.13.38] And Absalom fled, went to Geshur, and there he stayed three years. [§]
ve-Avshalom barach vayelech Geshur vayehi sham shalosh shanim.
've-Avshalom' means 'and Absalom', 'barach' means 'fled', 'vayelech' means 'and went', 'Geshur' is a place name, 'vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and he was', 'sham' means 'there', 'shalosh' means 'three', 'shanim' means 'years'.
[2SA.13.39] David the king finished going out to Absalom because he repented over Amnon because (Amnon) died. [§]
Va'techal David haMelekh latze'et el-Avshalom ki nicham al-Amnon ki met.
'Va'techal' means 'and completed/finished', 'David' is the personal name, 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'latze'et' means 'to go out', 'el-Avshalom' means 'to Absalom', 'ki' means 'because', 'nicham' means 'he repented/was sorry', 'al' means 'over/about', 'Amnon' is the personal name, the second 'ki' means 'because', 'met' means 'he died'.
2SA.14
[2SA.14.1] And Joab the son of Zeruiah knew that the king's heart was toward Absalom. [§]
Vayedah Joab ben-Tzeruya ki lev ha-melekh al Avshalom.
'Vayedah' means 'and he knew', 'Joab' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Tzeruya' is a proper name, 'ki' means 'that', 'lev' means 'heart', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'al' means 'upon' or 'toward', 'Avshalom' is a proper name.
[2SA.14.2] And Joab sent a mourning woman and took from there a wise woman, and he said to her, 'Lament, please, and put on, please, garments of mourning, and do not anoint with oil; and you shall be like a woman many days mourning over a dead.' [§]
vayishlach Yoav teqoah vayikkaḥ misham isha chachamah vayomer ela ha hitabeli na v'livshi na bigdei evel v'al tasuki shemen v'hayit ke isha ze yamim rabbim mitabelet al met.
'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab, 'teqoah' means 'a lamenting woman' (a woman who cries), 'vayikkaḥ' means 'and he took', 'misham' means 'from there', 'isha' means 'woman', 'chachamah' means 'wise', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ela ha' means 'to her', 'hitabeli' means 'lament', 'na' means 'please', 'v'livshi' means 'and put on', 'bigdei' means 'garments of', 'evel' means 'mourning', 'v'al' means 'and do not', 'tasuki' means 'anoint', 'shemen' means 'oil', 'v'hayit' means 'and you shall be', 'ke isha' means 'like a woman', 'ze yamim' means 'these days', 'rabbim' means 'many', 'mitabelet' means 'mourning', 'al' means 'over', 'met' means 'the dead'.
[2SA.14.3] And you came to the king and you spoke to him concerning this matter, and Joab placed the words in her mouth. [§]
uvate el-hammelach ve-dibart elav ka-davar hazeh va-yasem Yoav et-hadvarim be-fiha.
'uvate' means 'and you came', 'el-hammelach' means 'to the king', 've-dibart' means 'and you spoke', 'elav' means 'to him', 'ka-davar' means 'as the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'va-yasem' means 'and he placed', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'et-hadvarim' means 'the words', 'be-fiha' means 'in her mouth'.
[2SA.14.4] And the woman the striker said to the king, and she fell on her face to the ground and bowed down, and she said, Save the king. [§]
va-to-mer ha-i-sha ha-te-ko-it el ha-me-lekh va-ti-pohl al ap-peh-a a-re-tsah va-tish-ta-chu va-to-mer ho-shi-a ha-me-lekh.
'va-to-mer' means 'and she said', 'ha-i-sha' means 'the woman', 'ha-te-ko-it' means 'the one who strikes' (a descriptive title for the woman), 'el' means 'to', 'ha-me-lekh' means 'the king', 'va-ti-pohl' means 'and she fell', 'al' means 'upon', 'ap-peh-a' means 'her face', 'a-re-tsah' means 'to the ground', 'va-tish-ta-chu' means 'and she bowed down', 'ho-shi-a' means 'save (imperative)', and the final 'ha-me-lekh' again means 'the king'.
[2SA.14.5] And the king said to her, 'What is your matter?' And she said, 'I am a widow; my husband died.' [§]
Vayomer lah ha-melekh mah-lach? Vata'omer aval isha almanah ani vayamat ishi.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'mah-lach' means 'what is your condition' or 'what is the matter', 'vata'omer' means 'and she said', 'aval' means 'but' or 'however', 'isha almanah' means 'a widow woman', 'ani' means 'I am', 'vayamat' means 'and (my husband) died', 'ishi' means 'my husband'.
[2SA.14.6] And to your maidservant two sons, and they fled both of them in the field, and there was no rescuer between them, and one struck the other and killed him. [§]
Uleshifchatecha shnei banim vayinatsu shnehem basade ve'ein matsil beinehem vayakko haechad et haechar vayamat oto.
'Uleshifchatecha' means 'and to your maidservant', 'shnei' means 'two', 'banim' means 'sons', 'vayinatsu' means 'and they fled', 'shnehem' means 'both of them', 'basade' means 'in the field', 'veein' means 'and there was no', 'matsil' means 'rescuer', 'beinehem' means 'between them', 'vayakko' means 'and one struck', 'haechad' means 'the one', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haechar' means 'the other', 'vayamat' means 'and killed', 'oto' means 'him'.
[2SA.14.7] And behold, all the family rose up against your maidservant and they said, "Give me his brother's blow and we will kill him with the life of his brother who killed, and we will also destroy the heir, and we will strike down the one who remains, so that there will be no name for my master and the remainder upon the face of the earth." [§]
vehineh kama kol-hamisphacha al-shifchatecha vayomru tni et-makkeh achiv unemitihu bnefehsh achiv asher harag venashmida gam et-hayoresh vechibu et-gachalti asher nisharah levilti sum leishi shem ushearit al-penei haadama.
've' means 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'kama' means 'came' or 'rose', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'misphacha' means 'family', 'al' means 'against', 'shifchatecha' means 'your maidservant', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'tni' means 'give me', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'makkeh' means 'blow', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'unemitihu' means 'and we will kill him', 'bnefehsh' means 'with the life', 'achiv' again 'his brother', 'asher' means 'who', 'harag' means 'killed', 'venashmida' means 'and we will also destroy', 'gam' means 'also', 'et' direct object, 'hayoresh' means 'the heir', 'vechibu' means 'and we will strike down', 'et' direct object, 'gachalti' means 'the one who remains', 'asher' 'that', 'nisharah' means 'is left', 'levilti' means 'so that there will be no', 'sum' means 'name', 'leishi' means 'for my master', 'shem' means 'name', 'ushearit' means 'and the remainder', 'al-penei' means 'upon the face of', 'haadama' means 'the earth'.
[2SA.14.8] And the king said to the woman, go to your house; and I will command against you. [§]
Vayomer hamelech el haisha lechi levetech va'ani atsaveh alayich.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'haisha' means 'the woman', 'lechi' means 'go' (imperative feminine singular), 'levetech' means 'to your house', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'atsaveh' means 'will command/ordain', 'alayich' means 'upon you' (feminine).
[2SA.14.9] And the outspoken woman said to the king, 'Upon me, my Lord the king, the sin, and against the house of my father, and the king and his throne are pure.' [§]
va'tomer ha'isha hattek'oit el-ha'melekh alai adoni ha'melekh he'avon ve'al beit avi ve'ha'melekh ve'kis'oo naki.
'va'tomer' means 'and she said', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'hattek'oit' means 'the outspoken' or 'the one who protests', 'el-ha'melekh' means 'to the king', 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'against me', 'adoni' means 'my Lord' (the literal translation of the divine name Adonai), 'ha'melekh' means 'the king', 'he'avon' means 'the sin' or 'the guilt', 've'al' means 'and against', 'beit' means 'house', 'avi' means 'my father', 've'ha'melekh' means 'and the king', 've'kis'oo' means 'and his throne', 'naki' means 'clean' or 'pure'.
[2SA.14.10] And the king said, the one speaking to you, bring him to me, and he will not add any further to touch you. [§]
Vayomer ha-melek ha-m'daber elayich va-heveito elai velo yosef od laga'at bakh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melek' means 'the king', 'ha-m'daber' means 'the one speaking', 'elayich' means 'to you (feminine singular)', 'va-heveito' means 'and bring him/it to', 'elai' means 'me', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yosef' means 'will add' or 'will increase', 'od' means 'again' or 'anymore', 'laga'at' means 'to touch', 'bakh' means 'you (feminine singular)'.
[2SA.14.11] And she said, "May the king remember Yahveh your God from the many blood avenger to ruin, and they will not destroy my son." And he said, "Yahveh lives, if he falls from the hair of your son I will cause him to fall." [§]
Vatoamer yizkar na ha-melekh et Yahveh elohecha meharbit goel hadam leshachet ve-lo yashmidu et beni vayomer chai Yahveh im yipol mi-sa'arath b'nekh arta.
"Vatoamer" means "and she said"; "yizkar na" means "may remember, please"; "ha-melekh" means "the king"; "et" is the direct object marker; "Yahveh" is the divine name YHVH translated as Yahveh; "elohecha" means "your God" (El = God, with your); "meharbit" means "from the multitude"; "goel" means "avenger"; "hadam" means "of blood"; "leshachet" means "to ruin"; "ve-lo" means "and not"; "yashmidu" means "they will destroy"; "et beni" means "my son"; "vayomer" means "and he said"; "chai Yahveh" means "Yahveh lives"; "im" means "if"; "yipol" means "he falls"; "mi-sa'arath" means "from the hair/root"; "b'nekh" means "of your son"; "arta" is an idiom meaning "I will cause to fall" or "I will bring down". Some idiomatic phrases (like "meharbit goel hadam" and "mi-sa'arath b'nekh") are rendered literally because exact cultural meaning is uncertain.
[2SA.14.12] And the woman said, Please speak to your maid to my Lord the king a word, and he said, Speak. [§]
Vato'amer ha'isha tedabber na shifchatka el Adoni ha melekh dabar vayyo'amer dabberi.
'Vato'amer' means 'And she said', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'tedabber' means 'you (feminine) will speak', 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please', 'shifchatka' means 'your maidservant', 'el' means 'to', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord' (referring to a human lord, not a divine name), 'ha melekh' means 'the king', 'dabar' means 'a word' or 'matter', 'vayyo'amer' means 'and he said', 'dabberi' is an imperative meaning 'speak!'.
[2SA.14.13] And the woman said, 'Why did you think such a thing about the people of the Gods, and from the king's speech this matter as a crime without the king returning his lost thing.' [§]
vatoomer haisha ve'lamah chashavta kazo'et al-am elohim u-middaber ha-melech ha-davar ha-zeh ke'asham le'viti ha-shiv ha-melech et-nid'cho.
'vatoomer' means 'and she said', 'haisha' means 'the woman', 've'lamah' means 'and why', 'chashavta' means 'you thought', 'kazo'et' means 'such' or 'like this', 'al-am' means 'against people' or 'about people', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'u-middaber' means 'and speaking' or 'from the speech', 'ha-melech' means 'the king', 'ha-davar' means 'the matter' or 'the word', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 'ke'asham' means 'as a crime', 'le'viti' means 'without', 'ha-shiv' means 'returning', 'ha-melech' again means 'the king', 'et-nid'cho' means 'his lost thing' (the object that was lost).
[2SA.14.14] For death we shall die, and like waters poured out on the earth that will not be gathered, and the Gods will not take a soul, and (he) will consider thoughts without being driven away from us, cast away. [§]
Ki mot namut vechamayim haniggarim aretz asher lo yeasefu velo yisa Elohim nefesh vechashav machashavot levilti yidach mimmenu nidach.
'Ki' means 'for', 'mot' means 'death', 'namut' means 'we shall die', 'vechamayim' means 'and like the waters', 'haniggarim' means 'that are poured out', 'aretz' means 'the earth', 'asher' means 'which', 'lo' means 'not', 'yeasefu' means 'will be gathered', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yisa' means 'will take' or 'lift up', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'nefesh' means 'a soul', 'vechashav' means 'and will consider', 'machashavot' means 'thoughts', 'levilti' means 'without', 'yidach' means 'he will drive', 'mimmenu' means 'from us', 'nidach' means 'cast away' or 'rejected'.
[2SA.14.15] And now, when I have come to speak to the king my Lord concerning this matter, because the people fear me, his maidservant said, "Let me speak to the king; perhaps the king will do his word." [§]
Ve'atah asher-ba'ti le'daber el-hamelach adoni et-hadavar hazeh ki yeruni ha'am va'to'amer shiphachtecha adabrahna el-hamelach ulay ya'aseh ha'melach et-devar amato.
'Ve'atah' means 'and now', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ba'ti' means 'I have come', 'le'daber' means 'to speak', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-melach' means 'the king', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'et' is the accusative marker (no English equivalent), 'ha-davar' means 'the matter/thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ki' means 'because', 'yeruni' means 'they fear me', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'va-to'amer' means 'and she said', 'shiphachtecha' means 'your maidservant', 'adabrahna' means 'let me speak', 'ulay' means 'perhaps', 'ya'aseh' means 'he will do', 'et-devar' means 'the word/thing', 'amato' means 'his truth' or 'his word'.
[2SA.14.16] Because the king will hear to rescue his people from the hand of the man, to destroy me and my son together from the inheritance of the Gods. [§]
Ki yishma ha-melekh le-hatzil et-amato mikaf ha-ish le-hashmid oti ve-et-beni yachad minnakhalat Elohim.
'Ki' means 'because', 'yishma' means 'will hear', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'le-hatzil' means 'to rescue', 'et-amato' means 'his people', 'mi-kaf' means 'from the hand of', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'le-hashmid' means 'to destroy', 'oti' means 'me', 've-et-beni' means 'and my son', 'yachad' means 'together', 'minnakhalat' means 'from the inheritance of', and 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods' (plural).
[2SA.14.17] And your maidservant said, 'Let the word of my Lord the king be for a pause, because like an angel the Gods, so my Lord the king to hear the good and the evil, and Yahveh your God be with you.' [§]
va tomer shifchatecha yiheyeh-na devar adoni ha-melekh limnuha ki ke-malach ha Elohim ken adoni ha-melekh lishmoa hatov ve-hara v'Yahveh Elohekha yehi immach
'va' means 'and', 'tomer' means 'said', 'shifchatecha' means 'your maidservant', 'yiheyeh-na' means 'let it be, please', 'devar' means 'word', 'adoni' means 'my Lord' (the literal translation of Adonai), 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'limnuha' means 'for a pause' or 'for rest', 'ki' means 'because', 'ke-malach' means 'like an angel', 'ha' means 'the', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', the second 'adoni' again means 'my Lord', the second 'ha-melekh' again means 'the king', 'lishmoa' means 'to hear', 'hatov' means 'the good', 've-hara' means 'and the evil', 'v'Yahveh' means 'and Yahveh' (the literal rendering of YHVH), 'Elohekha' means 'your God', 'yehi' means 'let be' or 'be', 'immach' means 'with you'. The divine names are rendered exactly as instructed: El → God, Elohim → the Gods, Adonai → my Lord, YHVH → Yahveh, Kyrios → Lord.
[2SA.14.18] And the king answered and said to the woman, 'Please do not hide from me any matter that I am asking you.' And the woman said, 'Speak, please, my Lord the king.' [§]
vaya'an ha-melekh vayomer el-ha'isha al-na tekhachadi mimeni davar asher anochi sho'el otach vatomer ha'isha yedaber-na adoni ha-melekh
'vaya'an' means 'and he answered', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el-ha'isha' means 'to the woman', 'al-na' means 'please do not', 'tekhachadi' means 'hide', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'davar' means 'matter' or 'thing', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'anochi' means 'I', 'sho'el' means 'ask', 'otach' means 'you (feminine singular)', 'vatomer' means 'and she said', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'yedaber-na' means 'speak, please', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'.
[2SA.14.19] And the king said, "Is Joab's hand with you in all this?" And the woman answered and said, "By your life, my Lord the king, if a man to the right and to the left of all that the king has spoken, for your servant Joab he commanded me, and he placed in the mouth of your maidservant all these words." [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh ha-yad Yoav itach bechol zot? Vata'an ha-isha vato'amer "chei nafshcha Adoni ha-melekh, im ish lehemin u'lehasmil mikol asher diber Adoni ha-melekh ki avdecha Yoav hu tzivani vehu sam b'fi shiphachtecha et kol ha-dvarim ha-eleh."
"Vayomer" means "and said"; "ha-melekh" means "the king"; "ha-yad Yoav" literally "the hand of Joab", i.e., Joab's aid; "itach" means "with you"; "bechol zot" means "in all this". "Vata'an" = "and answered"; "ha-isha" = "the woman"; "vato'amer" = "and said"; "chei nafshcha" = an idiom meaning "by your life"; "Adoni" = "my Lord" (literal translation of the divine title); "im" = "if"; "ish" = "a man"; "lehemin" = "to the right"; "u'lehasmil" = "and to the left"; "mikol asher diber" = "of all that was spoken"; "Avdecha" = "your servant"; "Yoav" = a proper name; "hu tzivani" = "he commanded me"; "vehu sam b'fi" = "and he placed in the mouth of"; "shiphachtecha" = "your maidservant"; "et kol ha-dvarim ha-eleh" = "all these words". The divine name "Adoni" is rendered here as "my Lord" according to the translation rule for "Adonai".
[2SA.14.20] For the purpose of turning the face of the matter, your servant Joab did this thing, and my Lord is wise like the wisdom of the angel of the Gods to know all that is on earth. [§]
Leva'avur saviv et-pnei ha-davar asah avdecha Yoav et-ha-davar ha-zeh v'adoni chacham ke-chachmat malach haElohim lada'at et kol-asher ba-aretz.
'Leva'avur' means 'for the purpose of', 'saviv' means 'turning' or 'circling', 'et-pnei' means 'the face of', 'ha-davar' means 'the thing' or 'the matter', 'asah' means 'did' or 'made', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'Yoav' is a proper name 'Joab', 'et-ha-davar' means 'this thing', 'ha-zeh' means 'this', 'v'adoni' means 'and my Lord', 'chacham' means 'wise', 'ke-chachmat' means 'like the wisdom of', 'malach' means 'angel', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'lada'at' means 'to know', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'kol-asher' means 'everything that', 'ba-aretz' means 'in the earth'.
[2SA.14.21] The king said to Joab, 'Behold, I have done this matter; now go and bring back the youth, Absalom.' [§]
Vayomer ha melekh el Yoav hineh na asiti et ha dvar ha zeh ve lekha hashev et ha na'ar et Avshalom.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'hineh na' means 'behold now', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha dvar' means 'the matter', 'ha zeh' means 'this', 've' means 'and', 'lekha' means 'go', 'hashev' means 'bring back', 'et' again the object marker, 'ha na'ar' means 'the youth' or 'the boy', 'et' again marker, 'Avshalom' is the name Absalom.
[2SA.14.22] And Joab fell on his face to the ground, bowed down, blessed the king, and said, 'Today my servant knows that I have found favor in your eyes, my Lord the king, that the king has done the matter of his servant.' [§]
Vayipol Yoav el panav artsah vayishtachu vayvarekh et hamelakh vayomer Yoav hayom yada avdeka ki matsati chen be'einecha adoni hamelakh asher asah hamelakh et dvar avdo.
'Vayipol' means 'and he fell', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'el panav' means 'on his face', 'artsah' means 'to the ground', 'vayishtachu' means 'and bowed down', 'vayvarekh' means 'and blessed', 'et hamelakh' means 'the king', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yoav' again is the name Joab, 'hayom' means 'today', 'yada' means 'knows', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'ki' means 'because', 'matsati' means 'I have found', 'chen' means 'favor', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'hamelakh' means 'the king', 'asher' means 'that', 'asah' means 'has done', 'hamelakh' again 'the king', 'et dvar' means 'the matter of', 'avdo' means 'his servant'.
[2SA.14.23] And Joab arose and went to Geshur and brought Absalom to Jerusalem. [§]
Vayyaqam Yoav vayelech Geshurah vayave et Abshalom Yerushalem.
'Vayyaqam' means 'and he arose', 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab, 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'Geshurah' is the place name Geshur, 'vayave' means 'and he brought', 'et' is a Hebrew direct‑object marker with no English translation, 'Abshalom' is the personal name Absalom, 'Yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem'.
[2SA.14.24] And the king said, 'Turn back to your house, and my face will not look upon you.' And Absalom turned back to his house, and the king's face did not see (him). [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh yissov el-beto u-fani lo yireh vayissov Avshalom el-beto u-penei ha-melekh lo raah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'yissov' means 'turn back', 'el-beto' means 'to his house', 'u-fani' means 'and my face', 'lo' means 'not', 'yireh' means 'will see', 'vayissov' means 'and (he) turned back', 'Avshalom' is the proper name 'Absalom', 'el-beto' again means 'to his house', 'u-penei' means 'and the face of', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'lo' means 'not', 'raah' means 'saw' or 'saw (him)'.
[2SA.14.25] And as (in) Abshalom there was not a handsome man in all Israel to extol greatly from the sole of his foot even to its tip; there was no odor in him. [§]
Uke'Avshalom lo-hayah ish-yafeh bechol-Yisrael lehallel meod mikaf raglo ve'ad kadkado lo-hayah bo mum.
'Uke'Avshalom' means 'and as Abshalom', 'lo-hayah' means 'there was not', 'ish-yafeh' means 'a handsome man', 'bechol-Yisrael' means 'in all Israel', 'lehallel' means 'to extol' or 'to praise', 'meod' means 'greatly', 'mikaf raglo' means 'from the sole of his foot', 've'ad kadkado' means 'and to its tip', 'lo-hayah' again means 'there was not', 'bo' means 'in him', and 'mum' means 'stink' or 'odor'.
[2SA.14.26] And when he shaved his head, it will be at the end of days for the days that he will shave, because it is heavy upon him, and he shaved it, and he weighed the hair of his head two hundred shekels in the king's stone. [§]
Uveglacho et rosho ve haya miketz yamim layamim asher yegaleach ki kaved alav ve gilcho ve shakal et sear rosho matayim shekalim be even ha melekh.
'Uveglacho' means 'and when he shaved', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'rosho' means 'his head', 've' means 'and', 'haya' means 'it will be', 'miketz' means 'the end', 'yamim' means 'days', 'layamim' means 'for the days', 'asher' means 'that', 'yegaleach' means 'he will shave', 'ki' means 'because', 'kaved' means 'it is heavy', 'alav' means 'upon him', 've' again means 'and', 'gilcho' means 'he shaved it', 've shakal' means 'and he weighed', 'et' again object marker, 'sear' means 'hair', 'rosho' means 'of his head', 'matayim' means 'two hundred', 'shekalim' means 'shekels', 'be' means 'in', 'even' means 'stone', 'ha' means 'the', 'melekh' means 'king'.
[2SA.14.27] And Absalom had three sons and one daughter, and her name was Tamar; she was a woman of beautiful appearance. [§]
Vayiv'lu le'Avshalom shloshah banim u'bat achat u'shemah Tamar hi hayetah isha yefat mareh.
'Vayiv'lu' means 'and [he] begot', 'le'Avshalom' means 'to Absalom', 'shloshah' means 'three', 'banim' means 'sons', 'u'bat' means 'and (a) daughter', 'achat' means 'one', 'u'shemah' means 'and her name', 'Tamar' is a proper name, 'hi' means 'she', 'hayetah' means 'was', 'isha' means 'woman', 'yefat' means 'beautiful', 'mareh' means 'appearance' or 'looks'.
[2SA.14.28] And Absalom dwelt in Jerusalem for two days, and he did not see the king's face. [§]
Vayyeshev Avshalom birushalam shenatayim yamim u'feney ha-melekh lo raah.
'Vayyeshev' means 'and he dwelt/settled', 'Avshalom' is the proper name 'Absalom', 'birushalam' means 'in Jerusalem', 'shenatayim' means 'two years' but together with 'yamim' forms the idiom 'two days', 'yamim' means 'days', 'u'feney' means 'and the face of', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'lo' means 'not', 'raah' means 'saw'.
[2SA.14.29] And Abshalom sent to Yoav to send him to the king, but he would not come to him; and he sent again a second time, but he would not come. [§]
Vayishlach Avshalom el Yoav lishloach oto el ha melekh velo avah lavo elav vayishlach od shenit velo avah lavo.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Avshalom' is a personal name, 'el' means 'to', 'Yoav' is a personal name, 'lishloach' means 'to send', 'oto' means 'him', 'el' means 'to', 'ha melekh' means 'the king', 'velo' means 'and not', 'avah' means 'he wanted', 'lavo' means 'to come', 'elav' means 'to him', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'od' means 'again', 'shenit' means 'second', 'velo' means 'and not', 'avah' means 'he wanted', 'lavo' means 'to come'.
[2SA.14.30] And he said to his servants, 'See, Joab's portion is in my hand and there is no hair there; go and bring it out into the fire.' And the servants of Absalom burned the portion in the fire. [§]
Vayomer el avadai, reu chelkat Yoav el yadi velo sham seorim, lechu ve'hotzi'tiyah baesh, vayatzitu avdei Avshalom et hachelka baesh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el' means 'to', 'avadai' means 'his servants', 'reu' means 'see', 'chelkat' means 'the portion', 'Yoav' means 'Joab', 'el' means 'to', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'velo' means 'and there is no', 'sham' means 'there', 'seorim' means 'hair', 'lechu' means 'go', 've'' means 'and', 'hotzi''ti'ah' (hotzi'tiyah) means 'bring it out', 'baesh' means 'in fire', 'vayatzitu' means 'and they burned', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'Avshalom' means 'Absalom', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'hachelka' means 'the portion', 'baesh' means 'in fire'.
[2SA.14.31] And Joab arose and went to Absalom in the house, and said to him, "Why have your servants set fire to the portion that is mine?" [§]
Vayakam Yoav vayavo el-Avshalom habaytah vayomer elav lamah hitsitu avadecha et-hachelka asher li ba-esh.
'Vayakam' means 'and he arose', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'el-Avshalom' means 'to Absalom', 'habaytah' means 'the house', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'lamah' means 'why', 'hitsitu' means 'they have kindled', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'et-hachelka' means 'the portion', 'asher li' means 'that is mine', 'ba-esh' means 'with fire' or 'in fire'.
[2SA.14.32] And Abshalom said to Joab, Behold, I have sent to you to say, Come here, and I will send you to the king to say, Why have I come from Geshur? It is good for me still to be there, and now I will see the king's face, and if there is sin in me they will kill me. [§]
Vayomer Avshalom el- Yoav hineh shalachti eilecha lemor bo hena ve'eshlachah otkha el-hamelach lemor lama vatei migshur tov li od ani sham ve'atah ereh penei ha-melach ve'im yesh bi avon vehemitani.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avshalom' is the name 'Abshalom', 'el-' means 'to', 'Yoav' is the name 'Joab', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'shalachti' means 'I have sent', 'eilecha' means 'to you', 'lemor' means 'to say', 'bo' means 'come', 'hena' means 'here', 've'eshlachah' means 'and I will send', 'otkha' means 'you', 'el-hamelach' means 'to the king', 'lemor' again 'to say', 'lama' means 'why', 'vatei' means 'I came', 'migshur' means 'from Geshur', 'tov' means 'good', 'li' means 'for me', 'od' means 'still', 'ani' means 'I', 'sham' means 'there', 've'ata' means 'and now', 'ereh' means 'I will see', 'penei' means 'the face of', 'ha-melach' means 'the king', 've'im' means 'if', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'bi' means 'in me', 'avon' means 'sin', 'vehemitani' means 'and they will kill me'.
[2SA.14.33] And Joab came to the king and told him, and called to Absalom, and came to the king, and bowed to him on the ground before the king, and the king kissed Absalom. [§]
Vayavo Yoav el ha-melekh vayagged-lo vayikra el Avshalom vayavo el ha-melekh vayishtachu lo al afav artzah lifnei ha-melekh vayishaq ha-melekh le-Avshalom.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'el' means 'to', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vayagged' means 'and he told', 'lo' means 'to him', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Avshalom' is the name Absalom, 'vayishtachu' means 'and he bowed', 'lo' means 'to him', 'al' means 'on', 'afav' means 'his face/ground', 'artzah' means 'earth/ground', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'vayishaq' means 'and he kissed', 'le-Avshalom' means 'to Absalom'.
2SA.15
[2SA.15.1] And after this, Absalom made for himself a chariot and horses, and fifty men ran before him. [§]
Vayehi me'acharei ken vayatsa lo Avshalom merkavah ve-susim vachamissim ish ratsim lefanav.
'Vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'me'acharei' means 'after', 'ken' means 'this', 'vayatsa' means 'and he made', 'lo' means 'for himself', 'Avshalom' is a proper name, 'merkavah' means 'a chariot', 've' means 'and', 'susim' means 'horses', 'vachamissim' means 'and fifty', 'ish' means 'men', 'ratsim' means 'ran', 'lefanav' means 'before him'.
[2SA.15.2] And Absalom rose early and stood by the side of the road to the gate, and it was that any man who had a dispute to come to the king for judgment, Abshalom called to him and said, 'From what city are you?' And he said, 'From one of the tribes of Israel, your servant.' [§]
ve-hishkim Avshalom ve-amad al-yad derekh ha-sha'ar ve-yehi kol ha-ish asher yihye-lo riv lavo el ha-melekh la-mishpat va-yikra Avshalom elav vayomer ey-mitze ir attah vayomer me'echad shivtei Yisrael avdecha.
've-hishkim' means 'and rose early', 'Avshalom' is a proper name, 've-amad' means 'and stood', 'al-yad' means 'by the side of', 'derekh' means 'road', 'ha-sha'ar' means 'the gate', 've-yehi' means 'and it was', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'yihye-lo' means 'would have for him', 'riv' means 'dispute', 'lavo' means 'to come', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'la-mishpat' means 'for judgment', 'va-yikra' means 'and he called', 'elav' means 'to him', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'ey-mitze' means 'from what', 'ir' means 'city', 'attah' means 'you', 'vayomer' again means 'and said', 'me'echad' means 'from one', 'shivtei' means 'of the tribes', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'avdecha' means 'your servant'.
[2SA.15.3] And he said to him, Absalom, 'Look, your words are good and true, and no one will hear you from the king.' [§]
Vayomer elav Avshalom rahe devarekha tavim unekcham veshomea ein lekha me-et ha-melekh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Avshalom' is a proper name, 'rahe' means 'see' or 'look', 'devarekha' means 'your words', 'tavim' means 'good', 'unekcham' means 'and true', 'veshomea' means 'and [there is] no one to hear', 'ein' means 'no', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'me-et' means 'from the', 'ha-melekh' means 'king'.
[2SA.15.4] And Absalom said, Who will judge me in the land? Let every man who has a dispute or lawsuit come to me, and I will judge him. [§]
Vayomer Abshalom mi yeshameni shofet baaretz ve alai yavo kol ish asher yihye lo riv umishpat ve hitzdakhtiv.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Abshalom' is the name Absalom, 'mi' means 'who', 'yeshameni' means 'will judge me', 'shofet' means 'judge', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 've' means 'and', 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'to me', 'yavo' means 'will come', 'kol' means 'every', 'ish' means 'man', 'asher' means 'who', 'yihye' means 'will be', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'for him', 'riv' means 'dispute', 'umishpat' means 'and lawsuit', 've' means 'and', 'hitzdakhtiv' means 'I will judge him'.
[2SA.15.5] And it shall be in the midst of a man to bow down to him, and he will send his hand and hold him, and kiss him. [§]
vehayah bikrav ish lehishtachavot lo veshalach et yado vehechezik lo venashaq lo.
"vehayah" means "and it shall be", "bikrav" means "in the midst", "ish" means "man", "lehishtachavot" means "to bow down", "lo" means "to him", "veshalach" means "and he will send", "et yado" means "his hand", "vehechezik" means "and will hold", "lo" means "to him", "venashaq" means "and will kiss", "lo" means "to him".
[2SA.15.6] And Absalom did this thing for all Israel who would come to the judgment before the king, and Absalom stole the heart of the men of Israel. [§]
Vayaas Avshalom kadavar hazeh lekhol Yisrael asher yavohu lamishpat el hammelek vayeganev Avshalom et lev anshei Yisrael.
'Vayaas' means 'And he did', 'Avshalom' is the personal name Absalom, 'kadavar' means 'this matter', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'lekhol' means 'to all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'yavohu' means 'they will come', 'lamishpat' means 'to the judgment', 'el' means 'to', 'hammelek' means 'the king', 'vayeganev' means 'and he stole', 'et' is a grammatical direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'lev' means 'heart', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.15.7] And it was at the end of forty years, and Absalom said to the king, 'Please let me go and fulfill my vow which I have vowed to Yahveh in Hebron.' [§]
Vayehi miketz arba'im shana vayoamer Avshalom el hamelekh elacha na ve'ashalem et nidri asher nadarti laYahveh bechevron.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was'; 'miketz' means 'at the end'; 'arba'im' means 'forty'; 'shana' means 'years'; 'vayoamer' means 'and (he) said'; 'Avshalom' is the name 'Absalom'; 'el' means 'to'; 'hamelekh' means 'the king'; 'elacha' means 'let me go' (literally 'go for me'); 'na' is a polite particle 'please'; 've'ashalem' means 'and I will fulfill/pay'; 'et' is the accusative marker (no translation); 'nidri' means 'my vow'; 'asher' means 'which/that'; 'nadarti' means 'I have vowed'; 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh); 'bechevron' means 'in Hebron'.
[2SA.15.8] Because I have made a vow, your servant, while I was staying in Gashur in Aram, to say: If Yahveh will bring me back to Jerusalem, I will serve Yahveh. [§]
ki neder nadar avdecha beshivti bigshur ba'arom le'emor im yashov yeshiveni Yahveh yerushalayim ve'avadti et-Yahveh.
'ki' means 'because', 'neder' means 'vow', 'nadar' means 'I vowed', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'beshivti' means 'when I sat' or 'while I was staying', 'bigshur' means 'in Gashur', 'ba'arom' means 'in Aram', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'im' means 'if', 'yashov' means 'he returns' or 'shall bring back', 'yeshiveni' means 'will bring me back', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH and means the divine name Yahveh, 'yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 've'avadti' means 'and I will serve', 'et-Yahveh' means 'the LORD (Yahveh)'.
[2SA.15.9] And the king said to him, Go in peace; and he rose and went to Hebron. [§]
Vayomer-lo ha-melekh lekh be-shalom vayakam vayelekh Hevronah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', '-lo' means 'to him', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'lekh' means 'go', 'be-shalom' means 'in peace', 'vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'Hevronah' means 'Hebron'.
[2SA.15.10] And Absalom sent messengers throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, 'When you hear the sound of the shofar, you will say, Absalom reigns in Hebron.' [§]
Vayishlach Avshalom meraggelim bechol shivtei Yisrael le'amer keshamachem et kol hashofar va'amartem malach Avshalom beChevron.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Avshalom' is the personal name Absalom, 'meraggelim' means 'messengers', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'shivtei' means 'the clans/tribes', 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'le'amer' means 'to say', 'keshamachem' means 'when you hear', 'et kol hashofar' means 'the sound of the shofar', 'va'amartem' means 'you will say', 'malach' means 'reigned/was king', 'beChevron' means 'in Hebron'.
[2SA.15.11] And Absalom went, two hundred men from Jerusalem, called and going to Tumm, and they did not know everything. [§]
ve-et Abshalom halchu matayim ish mirushalaim keruim veholchim le-tumm velo yadu kol-davar.
've-et' means 'and' (the conjunction plus the object marker), 'Abshalom' is a proper name, 'halchu' means 'they went', 'matayim' means 'two hundred', 'ish' means 'man' (used here for 'men'), 'mirushalaim' means 'from Jerusalem', 'keruim' means 'called', 'veholchim' means 'and going' or 'and traveling', 'le-tumm' means 'to Tumm' (a place name), 'velo' means 'and not', 'yadu' means 'they knew', 'kol-davar' means 'every thing' or 'everything'.
[2SA.15.12] And Absalom sent Ahithophel the Gilsonite, David's counselor, from his city, from Giloh, with his offering of the sacrifices; and the alliance was strong, and the people went out in great numbers after Absalom. [§]
va-yishlach avshalom et-akhitofel ha-giloniy yoetz david me'iro migila be-zavcho et-hazevachim va-yehi ha-qesher amits ve-ha-am holech va-rav et-avshalom.
'va-yishlach' means 'and sent'; 'avshalom' is the proper name Absalom; 'et' is the Hebrew direct‑object marker (not translated); 'akhitofel' is the proper name Ahithophel; 'ha-giloniy' means 'the Gilsonite' (one from Giloh); 'yoetz' means 'counselor' or 'advisor'; 'david' is the proper name David; 'me'iro' means 'from his city'; 'migila' means 'from Giloh'; 'be-zavcho' means 'in his sacrifice' (literally 'with his offering'); 'et-hazevachim' means 'the sacrifices'; 'va-yehi' means 'and it was'; 'ha-qesher' means 'the bond' or 'the alliance'; 'amits' means 'strong' or 'firm'; 've-ha-am' means 'and the people'; 'holech' means 'going' or 'walking'; 'va-rav' means 'and many' or 'great'; 'et-avshalom' means 'Absalom' (object of the verb).
[2SA.15.13] And the messenger came to David, saying, 'There was a man of Israel whose heart was after Absalom.' [§]
Vayyavo ha-maggid el-David le-emor haya lev ish Yisrael acharei Avshalom.
'Vayyavo' means 'and came', 'ha-maggid' means 'the messenger', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'le-emor' means 'to say', 'haya' means 'there was', 'lev' means 'heart', 'ish' means 'man', 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'acharei' means 'after', 'Avshalom' is a proper name.
[2SA.15.14] And David said to all his servants who were with him in Jerusalem, "Arise and we will flee, for there will be no escape for us from the face of Absalom. Hurry to go, lest he quickly overtake us and bring disaster upon us and strike the city with the sword." [§]
Vayomer David lechol avadav asher ito biYerushalayim qumu venivracha ki lo tihye lanu pletah mipnei Avshalom maharu lalekhet pen yemaher vehisiganu vehaddiach alenu et haraah vehikka hair lefi chorev.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said'; 'David' is a proper name and stays as David; 'lechol' means 'to all'; 'avadav' means 'his servants'; 'asher' means 'who'; 'ito' means 'with him'; 'biYerushalayim' means 'in Jerusalem'; 'qumu' means 'rise up' or 'arise'; 'venivracha' means 'and we will flee'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'tihye' means 'there will be'; 'lanu' means 'for us'; 'pleta(h)' means 'escape' or 'deliverance'; 'mipnei' means 'from before' or 'in the face of'; 'Avshalom' is a proper name and stays as Avshalom; 'maharu' means 'hurry'; 'lalekhet' means 'to go'; 'pen' means 'lest'; 'yemaher' means 'he will hasten'; 'vehisiganu' means 'and overtake us'; 'vehadiach' means 'and bring disaster upon us'; 'alenu' means 'upon us'; 'et' is a particle marking the direct object; 'haraah' means 'the evil' or 'the disaster'; 'vehikka' means 'and strike'; 'hair' means 'the city'; 'lefi' means 'by the'; 'chorev' means 'sword'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special God-name translations are required.
[2SA.15.15] And the servants of the king said to the king, As all that my Lord the king will choose, behold, your servants. [§]
Vayomru avdei ha-melekh el ha-melekh kechol asher-yivchar Adoni ha-melekh hinneh avadecha.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'avdei' means 'the servants', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'kechol' means 'as all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yivchar' means 'he will choose', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'hinneh' means 'behold', 'avadecha' means 'your servants'.
[2SA.15.16] And the king went out, and all his household at his feet, and the king left ten women maidservants to guard the house. [§]
vayetze ha melek vechol beito beraglav vayaza ha melek et eser nashim pilgashim lishmor habayit
'vayetze' means 'and he went out', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'melek' means 'king', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'beito' means 'his house' (household), 'beraglav' means 'at his feet', 'vayaza' means 'and he left', 'et' is the direct object marker (no translation), 'eser' means 'ten', 'nashim' means 'women', 'pilgashim' means 'maidservants', 'lishmor' means 'to guard', 'habayit' means 'the house'.
[2SA.15.17] The king went out, and all the people at his feet, and they stood at the house of the remote. [§]
Vayyetse ha-melekh vechol ha-am beraglav vayamdu beit ha-merkhaq.
'Vayyetse' means 'and he went out', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'beraglav' means 'at his feet', 'vayamdu' means 'and they stood', 'beit' means 'house', 'ha-merkhaq' means 'the remote' or 'the far one'.
[2SA.15.18] And all his servants passing by his hand, and all the Kretites and all the Plites and all the Gittites, six hundred men who came at his foot from Gath, passing before the king. [§]
vechol avadav ovrim al-yado vechol hakreti vechol ha-pleti vechol hagitim shesh-meot ish asher-vo ba reglo migat ovrim al-penei ha-melekh.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'ovrim' means 'passing' or 'going', 'al-yado' means 'by his hand', 'vechol' again means 'and all', 'hakreti' means 'the Kretite', 'vechol' again 'and all', 'ha-pleti' means 'the Plite', 'vechol' again 'and all', 'hagitim' means 'the Gittites', 'shesh-meot' means 'six hundred', 'ish' means 'men', 'asher-vo' means 'who came', 'ba' means 'in', 'reglo' means 'his foot', 'migat' means 'from Gath', 'ovrim' again 'passing', 'al-penei' means 'before the face of', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'.
[2SA.15.19] And the king said to Itai the Gittite, Why will you also go with us? Return and sit with the king, for you are a foreigner and also a wanderer to your place. [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh el Itai ha-Gitti lama telekh gam attah itanu shuv ve-shev im ha-melekh ki nakhri attah ve-gam goleh attah limkomkha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'Itai' is a personal name, 'ha-Gitti' means 'the Gittite', 'lama' means 'why', 'telekh' means 'will you go', 'gam' means 'also', 'attah' means 'you', 'itanu' means 'with us', 'shuv' means 'return', 've-shev' means 'and sit', 'im' means 'with', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'ki' means 'because', 'nakhri' means 'you are a foreigner', 'attah' means 'you', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'goleh' means 'wanderer', 'attah' means 'you', 'limkomkha' means 'to your place'.
[2SA.15.20] Yesterday you came and today I bring you with us to go, and I am going about what I am going; return and bring back your brothers with you, lovingkindness and truth. [§]
temol bo'ekha ve'hayam anou'kha imanu lalekhet va'ani holekh al asher-ani holekh shuv ve'hashiv et-achekha imakh chesed ve'emet.
'temol' means 'yesterday', 'bo'ekha' means 'your coming' or 'your arrival', 've'hayam' means 'and today', 'anou'kha' is a rare form that can be rendered as 'I bring you' or 'I cause you', 'imanu' means 'with us', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'holekh' means 'go' or 'am going', 'al' means 'upon' or 'about', 'asher-ani' means 'that I', the second 'holekh' repeats 'go', 'shuv' means 'return', 've'hashiv' means 'and bring back', 'et-achekha' means 'your brothers', 'imakh' means 'with you', 'chesed' means 'lovingkindness', 've'emet' means 'and truth'.
[2SA.15.21] And he answered me, the king, and said, 'Yahveh lives, and my Lord the king lives, because if in the place where my Lord the king will be—whether to death or to life—there will be your servant.' [§]
Vaya'an itti et-hamelakh vayomar chai Yahveh ve-chei Adoni hamelekh ki im bimekom asher yihyeh-sham Adoni hamelekh im le-mavet im le-chayim ki-sham yihyeh avdeka.
'Vaya'an' means 'and he answered', 'itti' means 'to me', 'et-hamelakh' means 'the king', 'vayomar' means 'and he said', 'chai' means 'lives', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've-chei' means 'and lives', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'bimekom' means 'in the place', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yihyeh-sham' means 'will be there', the second 'Adoni hamelekh' again means 'my Lord the king', 'le-mavet' means 'to death', 'le-chayim' means 'to life', 'ki-sham' means 'because there', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'avdeka' means 'your servant'.
[2SA.15.22] And said David to Ittai, go and cross, and he crossed Ittai the Gittite and all his men and all the children that were with him. [§]
Vayomer David el-Ittai lekh va'avor vayya'avor Ittai haGitti ve-khol-anashav ve-khol-hataf asher itto.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the proper name David, 'el-Ittai' means 'to Ittai', 'lekh' means 'go', 'va'avor' means 'and cross', 'vayya'avor' means 'and he crossed', 'Ittai' is the name Ittai, 'haGitti' means 'the Gittite', 've-khol-anashav' means 'and all his men', 've-khol-hataf' means 'and all the children/young', 'asher' means 'that', 'itto' means 'with him'.
[2SA.15.23] And all the land wept, a great sound, and all the people passed, and the king passed by the Kidron stream, and all the people passed on the face of the road the wilderness. [§]
vechol haaretz bokhim kol gadol vechol haam ovrim vehamelekh over bnachal kidron vechol haam ovrim al-penei derekh et hamidbar
've' means 'and', 'chol' means 'all', 'haaretz' means 'the land/earth', 'bokhim' means 'weeping' or 'mourning', 'kol' means 'a voice/sound', 'gadol' means 'great', 'haam' means 'the people', 'ovrim' means 'passing', 'vehamelekh' means 'and the king', 'over' means 'passes', 'bnachal' means 'by the stream/brook', 'kidron' is the name of a brook and is rendered as 'Kidron', 'al-penei' means 'on the face of', 'derekh' means 'road', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'hamidbar' means 'the wilderness'.
[2SA.15.24] And behold, also Zadok and all the Levites with him were carrying the Ark of the Covenant of the Gods, and they placed the Ark of the Gods, and Evyatar went up until the whole people had passed from the city. [§]
ve-hineh gam-Zadok ve-kal-halviyim ito nose'im et-aron berit ha-elohim vayatziku et-aron ha-elohim vay-ya'al Evyatar ad-tom kol ha-am la'avor min ha-ir.
've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'gam' means 'also', 'Zadok' is a proper name, 've-kal' means 'and all', 'halviyim' means 'the Levites', 'ito' means 'with him', 'nose'im' means 'carrying', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'aron' means 'ark', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'ha-elohim' means 'the Gods' (translation of Elohim), 'vayatziku' means 'and they set/placed', the second 'et-aron ha-elohim' repeats 'the Ark of the Gods', 'vay-ya'al' means 'and went up', 'Evyatar' is a proper name, 'ad-tom' means 'until the completion', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'la'avor' means 'to pass through', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-ir' means 'the city'.
[2SA.15.25] And the king said to Zadok, Return the ark of the Gods to the city, if I find favor in the eyes of Yahveh, and bring me back, and show me it and its carriers. [§]
Vayomer haMelekh leTzadok hashiv et-Aron haElohim haIr im-emtza chen be'einei Yahveh veheshavani vehira'ani oto ve'et-navehu.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'leTzadok' means 'to Zadok', 'hashiv' means 'return', 'et-Aron' means 'the ark', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'haIr' means 'the city', 'im-emtza' means 'if I find', 'chen' means 'favor', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'veheshavani' means 'and bring me back', 'vehira'ani' means 'and show me', 'oto' means 'it', 've'et-navehu' means 'and its carriers'.
[2SA.15.26] And if he says, 'I do not desire you,' behold, I will do for myself what is good in his eyes. [§]
Ve'im koh yomar lo chafatzti bach, hineni ya'aseh-li ka'asher tov be'einav.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'koh' means 'thus' or 'like that', 'yomar' means 'he will say', 'lo' means 'not', 'chafatzti' means 'I desired' or 'I was pleased with', 'bach' means 'you' (feminine), 'hineni' means 'here I am' or 'behold', 'ya'aseh' means 'will do', 'li' means 'for me' or 'to me', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'according to what', 'tov' means 'good', 'be'einav' means 'in his eyes' (referring to God's perspective).
[2SA.15.27] And the king said to Zadok the priest, 'Do you see the city return in peace, and Achimaatz your son and Jonathan son of Evyatar, the two of your sons, with you?' [§]
vayomer ha-melekh el Tzadok ha-kohen haroeh attah shubah ha-ir b'shalom va-achimaatz bincha vi-yonatan ben evyatar shnei b'neichem ittchem.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'Tzadok' is a personal name, 'ha-kohen' means 'the priest', 'haroeh' means 'do you see', 'attah' means 'you', 'shubah' means 'return', 'ha-ir' means 'the city', 'b'shalom' means 'in peace', 'va-achimaatz' means 'and Achimaatz', 'bincha' means 'your son', 'vi-yonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'ben evyatar' means 'son of Evyatar', 'shnei' means 'two', 'b'neichem' means 'your sons', 'ittchem' means 'with you'.
[2SA.15.28] See, I am wandering in the desert until a word comes from you to tell me. [§]
Reu anochi mitmahemeh be'avrot hamidbar ad bo davar me'imachem le'hagid li.
'Reu' means 'see', 'anochi' means 'I', 'mitmahemeh' means 'am wandering' (Hifil form of the root meaning to wander or roam), 'be'avrot' means 'in the wanderings', 'ha-midbar' means 'the desert', 'ad' means 'until', 'bo' means 'a word comes', 'davar' means 'word', 'me'imachem' means 'from you', 'le'hagid' means 'to tell', 'li' means 'to me'.
[2SA.15.29] And Zadok and Abiathar returned the Ark of the Gods to Jerusalem, and they dwelt there. [§]
Vayashav Tsadok ve-Avyatar et Aron haElohim Yerushalem vayyeshvu sham.
'Vayashav' means 'and returned' (or 'and he brought back'), 'Tsadok' is the personal name 'Zadok', 've-Avyatar' means 'and Abiathar', 'et' is a direct‑object marker without English equivalent, 'Aron' means 'ark', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the divine name Elohim), 'Yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem', 'vayyeshvu' means 'and they dwelt', 'sham' means 'there'.
[2SA.15.30] And David went up on the ascent of the olives, he went up and wept, and his head was shaved, and he walked quickly, and all the people who were with him shaved each man's head, and they went up to it and wept. [§]
veDavid oleh bemaale hazeitim oleh uvo'cheh verosh lo chafu'i vehu holech yachef vekhol haam asher ito chafu ish rosho vealu aloh ubako.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 'oleh' means 'went up', 'bemaale' means 'on the ascent', 'hazeitim' means 'the olives', the second 'oleh' repeats 'went up', 'uvo'cheh' means 'and wept', 'verosh' means 'and his head', 'lo' means 'his', 'chafu'i' means 'was shaved', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'holech' means 'walked', 'yachef' means 'quickly', 'vekhol' means 'and all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'were with him', 'chafu' means 'shaved', 'ish' means 'each man', 'rosho' means 'his head', 'vealu' means 'and they went up', 'aloh' means 'to it', 'ubako' means 'and wept'.
[2SA.15.31] And David reported, saying, Achitofel is in the courts with Avshalom, and David said, 'Consider the counsel of Achitofel, Yahveh.' [§]
veDavid higgid le'emor Achitofel baqosh'rim im-Avshalom vayomer David sakkel-na et-atzat Achitofel Yahveh.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 'higgid' means 'reported', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'Achitofel' is a proper name, 'baqosh'rim' means 'in the courts', 'im-Avshalom' means 'with Avshalom', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the speaker's name, 'sakkel-na' means 'consider, please', 'et-atzat' means 'the counsel of', 'Achitofel' repeats the name, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[2SA.15.32] And it happened that David came to the summit where he would bow there to the Gods, and behold, at his calling Hushai the Archite, his robe torn and dust upon his head. [§]
Vayehi David ba ad ha-rosh asher yishtachave sham leElohim ve-hineh liqrato Hushai haArchi karua kuttanto va-adamah al rosho.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'David' is the name David, 'ba' means 'came', 'ad' means 'to', 'ha-rosh' means 'the summit', 'asher' means 'where', 'yishtachave' means 'he would bow', 'sham' means 'there', 'leElohim' means 'to the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'liqrato' means 'at his calling', 'Hushai' is the name Hushai, 'haArchi' means 'the Archite', 'karua' means 'torn', 'kuttanto' means 'his robe', 'va-adamah' means 'and dust', 'al' means 'upon', 'rosho' means 'his head'.
[2SA.15.33] And David said to him, If you go over with me, and it shall be upon me as a burden. [§]
Vayomer lo David im avarta itti vehayita alai le-massa.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'David' is the proper name David, 'im' means 'if', 'avarta' means 'you will cross' or 'you will go over', 'itti' means 'with me', 'vehayita' means 'and it shall be', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'le-massa' means 'as a burden'.
[2SA.15.34] And if the city turns back and you say to Absalom, 'Your servant, I am the king; I shall be a servant of your father, and I have been from then, and now I am your servant, and you shall bring to me the counsel of Ahithophel.' [§]
Ve'im ha'ir tashuv ve'amarta le'Avshalom avdecha ani hamelech eheye eved avikha va'ani me'az ve'atah va'ani avdecha veheferatah li et atzat achitofel.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'tashuv' means 'turns back', 've'amarta' means 'and you say', 'le'Avshalom' means 'to Absalom', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'ani' means 'I', 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'eheye' means 'I will be', 'eved' means 'a servant', 'avikha' means 'of your father', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'me'az' means 'since then', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'avdecha' again means 'your servant', 'veheferatah' means 'you shall bring/turn', 'li' means 'to me', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'atzat' means 'counsel', 'achitofel' is a proper name.
[2SA.15.35] Will not Zedok and Evyatar the priests be with you there, and all the thing which you hear from the house of the king you shall tell to Zedok and to Evyatar the priests. [§]
va-halooa immahkha sham Tzadok ve-Evyatar hakohanim ve-haya kol-hadavar asher tishma mi-beit hamelekh tagid le-Tzadok u-le-Evyatar hakohanim.
'va' means 'and', 'halooa' means 'will not', 'immahkha' means 'with you', 'sham' means 'there', 'Tzadok' is a proper name, 've-Evyatar' means 'and Evyatar', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 've-haya' means 'and it will be', 'kol-hadavar' means 'all the thing/word', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tishma' means 'you will hear', 'mi-beit' means 'from the house', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'tagid' means 'you shall tell', 'le-Tzadok' means 'to Zedok', 'u-le-Evyatar' means 'and to Evyatar', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests'.
[2SA.15.36] Behold there, with them are two of their sons, Achimaatz to Tsadok and Jonathan to Evyatar, and you shall send in their hand to me every word that you hear. [§]
Hinneh-sham imam shnei veneihem Achimaatz leTsadok viYonatan leEvyatar ush'lechatem beYadam elai kol-davar asher tishmeu.
'Hinneh' means 'behold', 'sham' means 'there', 'imam' means 'with them', 'shnei' means 'two', 'veneihem' means 'their sons', 'Achimaatz' is a proper name, 'leTsadok' means 'to Tsadok', 'viYonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'leEvyatar' means 'to Evyatar', 'ush'lechatem' means 'and you shall send', 'beYadam' means 'in their hand', 'elai' means 'to me', 'kol-davar' means 'all matter' or 'every word', 'asher' means 'that', 'tishmeu' means 'you will hear'.
[2SA.15.37] And Hushai the friend of David came to the city, and Absalom came to Jerusalem. [§]
Vayavo Hushai rea David hair veAvshalom yavo Yerushalayim.
'Vayavo' means 'and came', 'Hushai' is a proper name, 'rea' means 'friend', 'David' is a proper name, 'hair' means 'the city', 'veAvshalom' means 'and Absalom', 'yavo' means 'came', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem'.
2SA.16
[2SA.16.1] And David passed a little from the summit, and behold a youth named Tziva, a boy of striking appearance, came to meet him, and a herd of shod donkeys, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, a hundred figs, a hundred grapes, and a wine jar. [§]
veDavid avar me'at meharosh vehineh Tziva na'ar mefi-boshet likrato vetzemed chomorim chavushim va'aleyhem matayim lechem ume'a tzimmukim ume'a kayitz ve-nebel yayin.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 'avar' means 'passed', 'me'at' means 'a little', 'meharosh' means 'from the summit', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'Tziva' is a personal name meaning 'a youth', 'na'ar' means 'boy', 'mefi-boshet' means 'from the face' (idiomatically indicating his appearance), 'likrato' means 'to meet him', 'vetzemed' means 'and a herd', 'chomorim' means 'donkeys', 'chavushim' means 'shod' or 'harnessed', 'va'aleyhem' means 'upon them', 'matayim' means 'two hundred', 'lechem' means 'loaves of bread', 'ume'a' means 'and a hundred', 'tzimmukim' means 'figs', 'ume'a' again means 'and a hundred', 'kayitz' means 'grapes', 've-nebel' means 'and a wine jar', 'yayin' means 'wine'.
[2SA.16.2] The king said to Ziba, 'What are these for you?' And Ziba said, 'the donkeys for the house of the king to ride, the bread and the summer fruit for the boys to eat, and the wine for the youth to drink in the desert.' [§]
vayomer ha-melekh el-Tziv'a mah-elleh lakh vayomer Tziv'a ha-chamorim le-beit ha-melekh lirchov ve-la'lechem ve-haqaytz le'ekhol ha-ne'arim ve-hayayin lishtot ha-yaef ba-midbar.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'Tziv'a' is a personal name, 'mah-elleh' means 'what are these', 'lakh' means 'for you', 'vayomer' again 'and said', 'ha-chamorim' means 'the donkeys', 'le-beit ha-melekh' means 'to the house of the king', 'lirchov' means 'to ride', 've-la'lechem' means 'and for bread', 've-haqaytz' means 'and the summer fruit', 'le'ekhol' means 'to eat', 'ha-ne'arim' means 'the boys', 've-hayayin' means 'and the wine', 'lishtot' means 'to drink', 'ha-yaef' means 'the youth', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the desert'.
[2SA.16.3] And the king said, and where is your Lord's son? And Tziva said to the king, Behold, he dwells in Jerusalem, for today they will restore to me the house of Israel the kingdom of my father. [§]
vayomer ha melekh ve aye ben adonecha vayomer tsiva el ha melekh hineh yosheiv birushalam ki amar hayom yashivu li beit Yisrael et mamlekhut avi.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha melekh' means 'the king', 've aye' means 'and where', 'ben adonecha' means 'your Lord's son' (adonecha = your Lord), 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'tsiva' is a name, 'el ha melekh' means 'to the king', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'yosheiv' means 'dwells', 'birushalam' means 'in Jerusalem', 'ki' means 'because', 'amar' means 'he said', 'hayom' means 'today', 'yashivu' means 'they will restore', 'li' means 'to me', 'beit Yisrael' means 'the house of Israel', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'mamlekhut' means 'kingdom', 'avi' means 'my father'.
[2SA.16.4] And the king said to Tziva, Behold, to you is all that is of the baseness; and Tziva said, I will bow down, I will find favor in your eyes, my Lord the king. [§]
Vayomer haMelekh leTziva hineh lekha kol asher limfi-Boshet vayomer Tziva hishtachavti emtza-chen be'einecha Adoni haMelekh.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'leTziva' means 'to Tziva', 'hineh' means 'Behold', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'limfi-Boshet' means 'according to baseness' (literally 'of the baseness'), 'vayomer' means 'and he said' (again), 'Tziva' is a proper name, 'hishtachavti' means 'I will bow down', 'emtza-chen' means 'I will find favor', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'haMelekh' means 'the king'.
[2SA.16.5] And the king David came to the youths, and behold, from there a man went out from the household of the house of Saul, and his name was Shimi son of Gera, going out, cursing. [§]
Uva ha melekh David ad-bachurim ve-hineh misham ish yotse mi-mishpachat beit Shaul ve-shmo Shimi ben Gera yotse yatzo u-mekallel.
'Uva' means 'and came', 'ha' means 'the', 'melekh' means 'king', 'David' is the name David, 'ad-bachurim' means 'to the youths', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'misham' means 'from there', 'ish' means 'a man', 'yotse' means 'going out', 'mi-mishpachat' means 'from the household of', 'beit Shaul' means 'house of Saul', 've-shmo' means 'and his name', 'Shimi ben Gera' means 'Shimi son of Gera', 'yotse yatzo' means 'going out', 'u-mekallel' means 'and (who) curses' or 'cursing'.
[2SA.16.6] And he threw stones at David and at all the servants of King David, and all the people, and all the mighty men on his right and on his left. [§]
Vayesakel ba'avanim et-David ve-et kol avdei ha-melekh David ve-kol ha-am ve-kol ha-gibborim miymino u-mismalo.
'Vayesakel' means 'and he threw stones', 'ba'avanim' means 'with stones', 'et-David' introduces the proper name David as the direct object, 've-et' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'avdei' means 'the servants', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'David' is the proper name, 've-kol' means 'and all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 've-kol' again means 'and all', 'ha-gibborim' means 'the mighty men', 'miymino' means 'on his right side', 'u-mismalo' means 'and on his left side'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special God-name translation is required.
[2SA.16.7] And thus said Shimi in his curse: Go, go! Man of blood and man of the worthless. [§]
vekho amar Shimi bekallo tze tze ish ha-damim ve'ish ha-beliyaal.
've' means 'and', 'kho' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Shimi' is a proper name, 'be' means 'in', 'kal lo' means 'his curse', 'tze' means 'go' (imperative), the second 'tze' repeats for emphasis, 'ish' means 'man', 'ha' means 'the', 'damim' means 'blood', 've' means 'and', another 'ish' means 'man', 'ha' means 'the', 'beliyaal' (literal sense) means 'worthless' or 'foolish'.
[2SA.16.8] Yahveh will turn back upon you all the blood of the house of Saul that you ruled over; and Yahveh gave the kingdom into the hand of your son Absalom, and now you are in your wickedness, because you are a man of blood. [§]
Heshev alecha Yahveh kol demei beit Shaul asher malachta tachto vayiten Yahveh et hamlukha be yad Avshalom beneka vehinnekha be raatecha ki ish damim atta.
'Heshev' means 'turn back' or 'return', 'alecha' means 'upon you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'kol' means 'all', 'demei' means 'the blood', 'beit Shaul' means 'the house of Saul', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'malachta' means 'you ruled', 'tachto' means 'under it', 'vayiten' means 'and gave', 'et hamlukha' means 'the kingdom', 'be yad' means 'into the hand of', 'Avshalom' is a proper name (Absalom), 'beneka' means 'your son', 'vehinnekha' means 'and now you are', 'be raatecha' means 'in your wickedness', 'ki' means 'because', 'ish' means 'man', 'damim' means 'blood', 'atta' means 'you are'.
[2SA.16.9] And Abishai son of Zeruiah said to the king, 'Why does this dead dog curse my Lord the king? Let me pass and I will seize its head.' [§]
Vayomer Avishai ben-Tzeruya el-hamelach lama yekallel haklev hameit hazeh et-Adoni hamelech e'evrah-na ve'asirah et-rosho.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Avishai' is a personal name, 'ben-Tzeruya' means 'son of Zeruiah', 'el-hamelach' means 'to the king', 'lama' means 'why', 'yekallel' means 'does curse' (Qal form of kll), 'haklev' means 'the dog', 'hameit' means 'the dead', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Adoni' means 'my Lord' (as defined for the divine name Adonai), 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'e'evrah-na' means 'let me pass', 've'asirah' means 'and I will seize', 'et-rosho' means 'its head'.
[2SA.16.10] And the king said, What is to me and to you, sons of Zeruiah, because you shall curse, and because Yahveh said to him, Curse David, and who will say, Why did you do so? [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh ma li ve-lachem b'nei tzeruyah ki yekallel ve-ki Yahveh amar lo kallel et David u-mi yomar madua asita ken.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'ma' means 'what', 'li' means 'to me', 've-lachem' means 'and to you', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'tzeruyah' is a proper name (the sons of Zeruiah), 'ki' means 'because', 'yekallel' means 'shall curse', 've-ki' means 'and because', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'amar' means 'said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'kallel' means 'curse', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'David' is the proper name, 'u-mi' means 'and who', 'yomar' means 'will say', 'madua' means 'why', 'asita' means 'you did', 'ken' means 'so' or 'thus'.
[2SA.16.11] And said David to Abishai and to all his servants, Behold my son who goes out from me seeking my soul, and also now the son of my right hand they have given to him and he will curse because he said to him Yahveh. [§]
Vayomer David el-Avishai ve'el kol avadai hinneh beni asher-yatsa mimea' bi mevakesh et-napshi ve'af ki-ata ben-haymyni hanichu lo viqallel ki amar-lo Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'el-Avishai' means 'to Abishai', 've'el' means 'and to', 'kol' means 'all', 'avadai' means 'his servants', 'hinneh' means 'behold', 'beni' means 'my son', 'asher-yatsa' means 'who goes out', 'mimea'' means 'from me', 'bi' means 'seeking', 'mevakesh' means 'my soul', 'et-napshi' means 'my soul', 've'af' means 'and also', 'ki-ata' means 'now', 'ben-haymyni' means 'the son of my right hand', 'hanichu' means 'they have given', 'lo' means 'to him', 'viqallel' means 'and he will curse', 'ki' means 'because', 'amar-lo' means 'he said to him', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH.
[2SA.16.12] Perhaps Yahveh will see my sin and Yahveh will restore good to me under his curse this day. [§]
Ulay yireh Yahveh b'evni veheshev Yahveh li tova tachat kil'lo hayom hazeh.
'Ulay' means 'perhaps' or 'maybe'. 'yireh' means 'he will see'. 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH. 'b'evni' means 'in my sin' (b' = in, evni = my sin/iniquity). 'veheshev' means 'and will turn back' or 'and will restore'. 'li' means 'to me'. 'tova' means 'goodness' or 'good'. 'tachat' means 'under' or 'against'. 'kil'lo' means 'his curse'. 'hayom' means 'the day'. 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[2SA.16.13] And David went, and his men on the way; Sveshimi walking in the shadow of the mountain for his burden, walking, and he cursed, and he threw stones at the stones for his burden, and dust in dust. [§]
Vayelekh David va'anashav ba-darekh sveshimi holekh be-tzela ha-har le'umato halokh vayekallel vayasakel ba-avanim le'umato ve'ifar be'afar.
'Vayelekh' means 'and went', 'David' is the name David, 'va'anashav' means 'and his men', 'ba-darekh' means 'on the way', 'sveshimi' is a proper name (preserved as is), 'holekh' means 'walking', 'be-tzela' means 'in the shadow', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 'le'umato' means 'for his burden', 'halokh' means 'walking', 'vayekallel' means 'and cursed', 'vayasakel' means 'and threw stones', 'ba-avanim' means 'in the stones', 've'ifar' means 'and dust', 'be'afar' means 'in dust'.
[2SA.16.14] And the king came, and all the people who were with him fled, and he died there. [§]
vayyavo ha-melekh ve-khol ha-am asher-itto ayefim vayinnafesh sham.
'vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'asher-itto' means 'who were with him', 'ayefim' means 'fled', 'vayinnafesh' means 'and he died', 'sham' means 'there'.
[2SA.16.15] And Absalom and all the people, a man of Israel, came to Jerusalem, and Ahitofel with him. [§]
ve-Avshalom ve-khol ha-am ish Yisrael ba'u Yerushalayim va-Achitofel ito.
've-Avshalom' means 'and Absalom', 've-khol ha-am' means 'and all the people', 'ish' means 'a man' or 'a person', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ba'u' means 'came', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'va-Achitofel' means 'and Ahitofel', 'ito' means 'with him'.
[2SA.16.16] And it happened, when Hushai the Archite, a friend of David, came to Absalom, Hushai said to Absalom, "Long live the king! Long live the king!". [§]
Vayehi kaasher bo Hushai haarki re'e David el Avshalom vayomer Hushai el Avshalom yechi ha melekh yechi ha melekh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kaasher' means 'when', 'bo' means 'came', 'Hushai' is a proper name, 'haarki' means 'the Archite' (from the city of Arka), 're\'e' means 'friend', 'David' is a proper name, 'el' means 'to', 'Avshalom' is a proper name, 'vayomer' means 'and said', the second 'Hushai' repeats the speaker, the second 'el' again means 'to', the phrase 'yechi ha melekh' means 'long live the king', repeated for emphasis.
[2SA.16.17] And Absalom said to Hushai, 'This is your kindness toward your friend; why have you not walked with your friend?' [§]
Va-yomer Avshalom el-Chushi ze chasdeka et-reeka lama lo halakta et-reeka.
'Va-yomer' means 'and said', 'Avshalom' is the name 'Absalom', 'el-Chushi' means 'to Hushai', 'ze' means 'this', 'chasdeka' means 'your kindness' or 'your favor', 'et-reeka' means 'toward your friend', 'lama' means 'why', 'lo' means 'not', 'halakta' means 'you went' or 'you walked', 'et-reeka' repeats 'toward your friend'.
[2SA.16.18] And Hushai said to Absalom, 'No, because the one Yahveh has chosen, this people, and all Israel, I will not be and I will sit with him.' [§]
Vayomer Hushai el-Avshalom lo ki asher bachar Yahveh veha'am hazeh vechol- ish Yisrael lo eheyeh ve'ito eshev.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Hushai' is a proper name, 'el' means 'to', 'Avshalom' is a proper name, 'lo' means 'no' or 'not', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'bachar' means 'chose' or 'chosen', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'veha'am' means 'and the people', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ish' means 'man' (here part of the name 'Yisrael' meaning 'Israel'), 'Yisrael' is the name of the nation, 'lo' means 'I will not', 'eheyeh' means 'be' (first person future), 've'ito' means 'and with him', 'eshev' means 'I will sit' or 'I will dwell'.
[2SA.16.19] And the second (question), to whom shall I serve? Is it not before his son, as I served before your father, so I will be before you. [§]
vehashenit lemi ani eevod halo lifnei beno kaasher avadti lifnei avikha ken eheyah lifaneikha.
'vehashenit' means 'and the second', 'lemi' means 'to whom', 'ani' means 'I', 'eevod' means 'shall I serve', 'halo' means 'is not', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'beno' means 'his son', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'avadti' means 'I served', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'ken' means 'so', 'eheyah' means 'I will be', 'lifaneikha' means 'before you'.
[2SA.16.20] And Absalom said to Ahitophel, Bring us counsel: what shall we do? [§]
Vayomer Avshalom el-Achitofel habu lakhem etzah ma-na'aseh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avshalom' is the name 'Absalom', 'el' means 'to', 'Achitofel' is the name 'Ahitophel', 'habu' means 'bring' (imperative), 'lakhem' means 'to you' or 'for you', 'etzah' means 'counsel', 'ma' means 'what', 'na'aseh' means 'shall we do'. The phrase is a request for advice.
[2SA.16.21] And Achitophel said to Absalom, Come to the divisions of your father which he has left to guard the house; and all Israel heard that you have despised your father, and the hands of all who are with you were strengthened. [§]
vayomer achitophel el-absalom bo el-pilagshiy avikha asher hinnikah lishmor habbayit veshama kol-yisrael ki-nivash'ta et-avikha vehazeku yedei kol-asher ittakh.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'achitophel' is the proper name Achitophel, 'el-absalom' means 'to Absalom', 'bo' means 'come', 'el-pilagshiy' means 'to the divisions' (military units), 'avikha' means 'of your father', 'asher' means 'which', 'hinnikah' means 'he has left/appointed', 'lishmor' means 'to guard', 'habbayit' means 'the house', 'veshama' means 'and heard', 'kol-yisrael' means 'all Israel', 'ki' means 'that/because', 'nivash'ta' means 'you have despised', 'et-avikha' means 'your father', 'vehazeku' means 'and were strengthened', 'yedei' means 'the hands of', 'kol-asher' means 'all who', 'ittakh' means 'are with you'.
[2SA.16.22] And they lifted the tent for Absalom on the roof, and Absalom went down to his father's chambers in the sight of all Israel. [§]
vayyattu le'Avshalom ha'ohel al-hagag vayavo Avshalom el-pilagsh'ei aviv le'enei kol-Yisrael.
'vayyattu' means 'and they lifted', 'le'Avshalom' means 'for Absalom', 'ha'ohel' means 'the tent', 'al-hagag' means 'upon the roof', 'vayavo' means 'and he went down', 'Avshalom' is the proper name 'Absalom', 'el-pilagsh'ei' means 'to the chambers of', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'le'enei' means 'in the sight of', 'kol-Yisrael' means 'all Israel'.
[2SA.16.23] And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he gave in those days, as he would inquire concerning the word of the Gods, so all the counsel of Ahithophel was also for David also for Absalom. [§]
Va'atzat Achitophel asher ya'atz bayamim hahem ka'asher yishal bidvar haElohim ken kol-atzat Achitophel gam-ldavid gam lAvshalom.
'Va'atzat' means 'and counsel', 'Achitophel' is a proper name, 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ya'atz' means 'he gave counsel', 'bayamim' means 'in the days', 'hahem' means 'those', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'yishal' means 'he would inquire', 'bidvar' means 'in the word', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'ken' means 'so/thus', 'kol-atzat' means 'all counsel', 'gam-ldavid' means 'also to David', 'gam' means 'also', 'lAvshalom' means 'to Absalom'.
2SA.17
[2SA.17.1] And said Ahithophel to Absalom, 'Let me get twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this night.' [§]
Vayomer Ahithofel el Abshalom evchara na shnayim asar elef ish veakumah veerdpah acharay David halaila.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Ahithofel' is the name Ahithophel, 'el' means 'to', 'Abshalom' is the name Absalom, 'evchara' means 'I will choose', 'na' means 'please' or a plea particle, 'shnayim' means 'two' and 'asar' means 'ten' together 'twelve', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'ish' means 'man' (used plurally for 'men'), 'veakumah' means 'and I will arise', 'veerdpah' means 'and I will pursue', 'acharay' means 'after', 'David' is the name David, 'halaila' means 'this night'.
[2SA.17.2] And I will come upon him, and he will be terrified and his hands will be feeble, and I will rebel against him, and all the people who were with him fled, and I struck the king alone. [§]
ve'avo alav ve'hu yage'a urphey yadayim ve'ha'charadti oto venas kol-ha'am asher-itto vehikkiti et-hamelach levado.
've'avo' means 'and I will come', 'alav' means 'upon him', 've'hu' means 'and he', 'yage'a' means 'will be terrified', 'urphey yadayim' means 'and his hands will be feeble', 've'ha'charadti' means 'and I will rebel', 'oto' means 'against him', 'venas' means 'and [they] fled', 'kol-ha'am' means 'all the people', 'asher-itto' means 'who were with him', 'vehikkiti' means 'and I struck', 'et-hamelach' means 'the king', 'levado' means 'alone'.
[2SA.17.3] And I will turn back all the people to you; when everything returns, the man who you are seeking, all the people will be at peace. [§]
veashiva kol-haam elecha keshuv hakol haish asher atta mevakesh kol-haam yihye shalom.
'veashiva' means 'and I will turn back', 'kol-haam' means 'all the people', 'elecha' means 'to you', 'keshuv' means 'when [it] returns', 'hakol' means 'the all' or 'everything', 'haish' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'atta' means 'you', 'mevakesh' means 'you are seeking', 'yihye' means 'will be', 'shalom' means 'peace'.
[2SA.17.4] And the matter seemed good in the eyes of Absalom and in the eyes of all the elders of Israel. [§]
vayishar hadavar be'enei avshalom u've'enei kol-zeknei yisrael.
'vayishar' means 'and it seemed good', 'hadavar' means 'the matter' or 'the thing', 'be'enei' means 'in the eyes of', 'avshalom' is the proper name Absalom, 'u'' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'zeknei' means 'the elders of', and 'yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.17.5] And Absalom said, 'Please also call Hushai the Archite, that we may hear what he says also.' [§]
Vayomer Avshalom k'ra na gam lechushi ha'archi v'nishme'ah mah befi gam hu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Avshalom' is the proper name Absalom, 'k'ra' means 'call' (imperative), 'na' means 'please', 'gam' means 'also', 'lechushi' means 'to Hushai' (a personal name), 'ha'archi' means 'the Archite' (a title indicating his origin), 'v'nishme'ah' means 'and let us hear', 'mah' means 'what', 'befi' means 'in his mouth' (i.e., 'what he says'), 'gam' means 'also', 'hu' means 'he'.
[2SA.17.6] And Hushai came to Absalom, and Absalom said to him, "Speak: this is the matter Ahithophel spoke—shall we do his word? If not, you speak." [§]
Vayavo Chushai el-Avshalom vayomer Avshalom elav le'emor kadavar hazeh diber Achitofel hanaseh et-dvaro im-ayin attah daber.
"Vayavo" means "and he came", "Chushai" means "Hushai", "el-Avshalom" means "to Absalom", "vayomer" means "and he said", "Avshalom" means "Absalom", "elav" means "to him", "le'emor" means "to say", "kadavar hazeh" means "this matter", "diber" means "spoke", "Achitofel" means "Ahithophel", "hanaseh" means "shall we do", "et-dvaro" means "his word", "im-ayin" means "if not", "atah" means "you", "daber" means "speak".
[2SA.17.7] And Hushai said to Absalom, 'The counsel that Ahithophel gave this time is not good.' [§]
Vayomer Hushai el Avshalom lo tova haetsa asher yaatz Ahitofel ba pam hazot.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Hushai' is a personal name, 'el' means 'to', 'Avshalom' is a personal name, 'lo' means 'not', 'tova' means 'good', 'haetsa' means 'the counsel', 'asher' means 'that', 'yaatz' means 'he gave', 'Ahitofel' is a personal name, 'ba' means 'in the', 'pam' means 'time', 'hazot' means 'this'.
[2SA.17.8] And Chushai said, 'You have known your father and his men, for they are mighty and fierce of soul, like a wild boar in the field, and your father is a man of war and will not abandon the people.' [§]
Vayomer Chushai ata yadata et avikha ve'et anashav ki gibborim hemmah u'marei nefesh hemmah ke'dov shakul bashade ve'avikha ish milchamah ve'lo yalin et ha'am.
'Vayomer' means 'and said'; 'Chushai' is the proper name Chushai; 'ata' means 'you' (masc. singular); 'yadata' means 'have known' or 'knew'; 'et' is the direct‑object marker; 'avikha' means 'your father'; 've'et' means 'and (the)'; 'anashav' means 'his men'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'gibborim' means 'mighty ones' or 'warriors'; 'hemmah' means 'they are'; 'u'marei' means 'and (they are) fierce'; 'nefesh' means 'souls'; 'hemmah' again 'they are'; 'ke'dov' means 'like a boar'; 'shakul' means 'wild' or 'ferocious'; 'bashade' means 'in the field'; 've'avikha' means 'and your father'; 'ish' means 'man'; 'milchamah' means 'of war' or 'warrior'; 've'lo' means 'and not'; 'yalin' means 'will abandon' or 'will leave'; 'et' direct‑object marker; 'ha'am' means 'the people'.
[2SA.17.9] Behold, now he is hidden in one of the pits or in one of the places, and it will fall on them at the beginning, and the hearer will hear and say, 'A plague has come upon the people after Absalom.' [§]
hinei attah huwa nechba be'ahat hapachatim o be'ahad hamakomot vehayah kinfol bahem bat'khila veshama hashomea ve'amar haytah magepha ba'am asher acharei Avshalom.
'hinei' means 'behold', 'attah' means 'now', 'huwa' means 'he', 'nechba' means 'is hidden', 'be'ahat' means 'in one', 'hapachatim' means 'the pits', 'o' means 'or', 'be'ahad' means 'in one', 'hamakomot' means 'the places', 'vehayah' means 'and it will be', 'kinfol' means 'as it falls', 'bahem' means 'upon them', 'bat'khila' means 'at the beginning', 'veshama' means 'and (he) will hear', 'hashomea' means 'the hearer', 've'amar' means 'and (he) said', 'haytah' means 'it was', 'magepha' means 'a plague', 'ba'am' means 'among the people', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'acharei' means 'after', 'Avshalom' is a proper name.
[2SA.17.10] And he also is a man of valor whose heart is like a lion; he will be humbled, because he knows all Israel, that your father was mighty, and the sons of valor who are with him. [§]
vehu gam ben chayil asher libo kelev haaryeh himmes yimas ki yodea kol yisrael ki gibor avikha uvenei chayil asher ito.
'vehu' means 'and he', 'gam' means 'also', 'ben' means 'son', 'chayil' means 'valor' or 'mighty one', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'kelev' means 'like a dog' (understood idiomatically as 'like a lion'), 'haaryeh' means 'the lion', 'himmes' means 'will be humbled', 'yimas' means 'will be ashamed', 'ki' means 'because', 'yodea' means 'he knows', 'kol' means 'all', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'gibor' means 'mighty', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'uvenei' means 'and the sons of', 'chayil' means 'valor', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'with him'.
[2SA.17.11] For I have counseled that I will gather, that all Israel will be gathered upon you, from Dan to Beersheba like the sand on the sea in great multitude, and your faces will go down in the crowd. [§]
Ki ya'asti he'osof ye'osef alecha kol-Yisrael mi-Dan ve'ad be'er Sheva ka'chol asher al hayam larov u'panekha holchim ba-kerav.
'Ki' means 'for', 'ya'asti' means 'I have counseled', 'he'osof' means 'I will gather', 'ye'osef' means 'will be gathered', 'alecha' means 'upon you', 'kol-Yisrael' means 'all Israel', 'mi-Dan' means 'from Dan', 've'ad' means 'and up to', 'be'er Sheva' means 'Beersheba', 'ka'chol' means 'like the sand', 'asher' means 'that', 'al hayam' means 'on the sea', 'larov' means 'in great multitude', 'u'panekha' means 'and your faces', 'holchim' means 'go down or walk', 'ba-kerav' means 'in the crowd'.
[2SA.17.12] And we came to him at one of the places where we found it, and we placed it upon him as a drop falls to the ground, and nothing was left in it, and among all the men who were with him not even one. [§]
uvanu elav beachat hamakomot asher nimtza sham venachnu alav kaasher yipol hat tal al haadamah velo notar bo uvkhal haanashim asher ito gam echad.
'uvanu' means 'and we came', 'elav' means 'to him', 'beachat' means 'in one', 'hamakomot' means 'the places', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nimtza' means 'we found', 'sham' means 'there', 'venachnu' means 'and we placed/laid', 'alav' means 'upon him/it', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'yipol' means 'will fall', 'hat tal' means 'the drop', 'al haadamah' means 'on the ground', 'velo notar' means 'and was not left', 'bo' means 'in it', 'uvkhal haanashim' means 'and among the men', 'asher ito' means 'who were with him', 'gam echad' means 'not even one'.
[2SA.17.13] And if to a city he shall be gathered, and they would bring all Israel to that city ropes, and they would drag him to the river until that which is not found there also a prison. [§]
Ve'im el ir ye'osef ve-hissiu kol Yisrael el ha'ir ha-hee chavalim ve-sachabnu oto ad ha-nachal ad asher lo nimtza sham gam tzeror.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'el' means 'to', 'ir' means 'city', 'ye'osef' means 'shall be gathered', 've-hissiu' means 'and they would bring', 'kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'ha-hee' means 'that', 'chavalim' means 'ropes', 've-sachabnu' means 'and they would drag', 'oto' means 'him', 'ad' means 'to/until', 'ha-nachal' means 'the river', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher' means 'that which', 'lo' means 'not', 'nimtza' means 'is found', 'sham' means 'there', 'gam' means 'also', 'tzeror' means 'prison'.
[2SA.17.14] And Absalom said, and all the men of Israel, the counsel of Hushai the long‑living is better than the counsel of Ahithophel; and Yahveh ordered that the good counsel of Ahithophel be broken, so that Yahveh might bring disaster upon Absalom. [§]
Vayomer Avshalom vechol ish Yisrael tovah atzat Chushai ha'archi me'atzat Achitofel vay Yahveh tzivah le'haper et-atzat Achitofel hatovah leva'avur havii Yahveh el Avshalom et-harah.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Avshalom' is the proper name Absalom, 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ish' means 'man' (singular) but can be collective as 'men', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'tovah' means 'good' or 'better', 'atzat' means 'counsel of', 'Chushai' is the proper name Hushai, 'ha'archi' means 'the long‑living' (a descriptive title), 'me'atzat' means 'than the counsel of', 'Achitofel' is the proper name Ahithophel, 'vay' is a conjunction 'and', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'tzivah' means 'ordered', 'le'haper' means 'to break', 'et-atzat' means 'the counsel of', 'Achitofel' again, 'hatovah' means 'the good', 'leva'avur' means 'in order that', 'havii' means 'might bring', 'Yahveh' again, 'el' means 'to', 'Avshalom' again, 'et-harah' means 'the disaster' or 'the evil'.
[2SA.17.15] And Hushai said to Zadok and to Evyatar the priests, 'This and that Ahitofel advised Abshalom and the elders of Israel, and this and that I have advised myself.' [§]
Vayomer Hushai el Tzadok ve el Evyatar ha kohanim kazot ve kazot yaatz Ahitofel et Avshalom ve et ziknei Yisrael ve kazot ve kazot yaatzti anochi.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Hushai' is a personal name, 'el' means 'to', 'Tzadok' is a personal name, 've' means 'and', 'Evyatar' is a personal name, 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'kohanim' means 'priests', 'kazot' means 'this', 've' means 'and', 'kazot' again 'that', 'yaatz' means 'advised', 'Ahitofel' is a personal name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Avshalom' is a personal name, 've' means 'and', 'et' again object marker, 'ziknei' means 'elders', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've' again 'and', 'kazot' 'this', 've' 'and', 'kazot' 'that', 'yaatzti' means 'I advised', 'anochi' means 'I'.
[2SA.17.16] Now send quickly and announce to David, saying, Do not stay the night in the desert evenings, and also cross over, lest the king be harmed and all the people who are with him. [§]
veatah shilchu mehera ve'hagidu leDavid le'emor al-talen ha-layla be'arvot ha-midbar ve'gam avor ta'avor pen yebulla lammelech u'lekol ha'am asher ito.
've' means 'and', 'atah' means 'now', 'shilchu' means 'send quickly', 'mehera' means 'rapidly', 've' again 'and', 'hagidu' means 'announce', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'al-talen' means 'do not linger', 'ha-layla' means 'the night', 'be'arvot' means 'in the desert evenings', 'ha-midbar' means 'the wilderness', 've' again 'and', 'gam' means 'also', 'avor' means 'cross over', 'ta'avor' means 'you will cross', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yebulla' means 'be harmed', 'lammelech' means 'to the king', 'u' means 'and', 'lekol' means 'to all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'with him'.
[2SA.17.17] And Jonathan and Ahimelech were standing at Ein Rogel, and the maidservant went and told them, and they went and reported to King David that they could not see the way to come to the city. [§]
veYhonatan veAchimaatz omdim beEin-rogel vehalcha haShifcha vehigida lahem vehim yelekhu vehigidu laMelekh David ki lo yuklu leherot lavoh ha'ira.
'veYhonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'veAchimaatz' means 'and Ahimelech', 'omdim' means 'standing', 'beEin-rogel' means 'at Ein Rogel', 'vehalcha' means 'and went', 'haShifcha' means 'the maidservant', 'vehigida' means 'and reported', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'vehim' means 'and they', 'yelekhu' means 'went', 'vehigidu' means 'and reported', 'laMelekh David' means 'to King David', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yuklu' means 'they could', 'leherot' means 'to see', 'lavoh' means 'to come', 'ha'ira' means 'the city'.
[2SA.17.18] He saw them, a boy, and reported to Absalom, and both of them went quickly and came to the house of a man in Bachurim, and there was a well in his courtyard, and they descended there. [§]
vayar otam na'ar vayagged leAvshalom vayelchu sheneihem mehera vayavo'u el beit ish bebachurim velo be'er bachatzero vayeredu sham.
'vayar' means 'and he saw', 'otam' means 'them', 'na'ar' means 'boy' or 'young man', 'vayagged' means 'and he reported', 'leAvshalom' means 'to Absalom', 'vayetchu' means 'and they went', 'sheneihem' means 'both of them', 'mehera' means 'quickly', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'el' means 'to', 'beit' means 'house', 'ish' means 'a man', 'bebachurim' means 'in Bachurim' (a place name), 'velo' in this construction means 'and there was', 'be'er' means 'a well', 'bachatzero' means 'in his courtyard', 'vayeredu' means 'they descended', 'sham' means 'there'.
[2SA.17.19] And the woman took and spread the covering over the face of the well, and she let the jars fall upon it, and no thing was known. [§]
vaticach haisha vatefros et ha-masach al-penei ha-beer vatishtach alav ha-raphot velo noda davar.
'vaticach' means 'and she took', 'haisha' means 'the woman', 'vatefros' means 'and she spread', 'et' is the accusative marker 'the', 'ha-masach' means 'covering' or 'veil', 'al-penei' means 'over the face of', 'ha-beer' means 'the well', 'vatishtach' means 'and she let fall' or 'poured', 'alav' means 'upon it', 'ha-raphot' means 'the jars' or 'the vessels', 'velo' means 'and not', 'noda' means 'was known', 'davar' means 'thing' or 'matter'.
[2SA.17.20] And the servants of Absalom came to the house of the woman and said, "Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?" The woman said to them, "They crossed the waters of Mikhal and they searched but did not find them; they returned to Jerusalem." [§]
Vayyavo'u avdei Avshalom el-ha'isha habaitah vayomru aiyyeh Achima'az viYonatan vata'omer lahem ha'isha avru Mikhal hamayim vayivkshu velo matz'u vayashuvu Yerushalem.
'Vayyavo'u' means 'and they came', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'Avshalom' is the name 'Absalom', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'habaitah' means 'the house', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'aiyyeh' means 'where', 'Achima'az' is the name 'Ahimaaz', 'viYonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'vata'omer' means 'and she said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'avru' means 'they crossed', 'Mikhal' is the name 'Mikhal', 'hamayim' means 'the waters', 'vayivkshu' means 'they searched', 'velo' means 'but not', 'matz'u' means 'they found', 'vayashuvu' means 'and they returned', 'Yerushalem' is the name 'Jerusalem'.
[2SA.17.21] And it happened after they went and they rose up from the well and they went and they told the king David and they said to David Rise and cross quickly the waters for thus Ahithophel counseled you. [§]
vayehi acharai lekhetam vayyaalu mehabeer vayelchu vayaggidu lammelekh David vayomru el-David kumu veivru mehera et-hamayim ki-kacha yaatz aleikhem Achitophel.
'vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'acharai' means 'after', 'lekhetam' means 'they went', 'vayyaalu' means 'they rose up', 'mehabeer' means 'from the well', 'vayelchu' means 'they went', 'vayaggidu' means 'they told', 'lammelekh' means 'to the king', 'David' is the name of the king, 'vayomru' means 'they said', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'kumu' means 'rise', 'veivru' means 'and cross', 'mehera' means 'quickly', 'et-hamayim' means 'the waters', 'ki-kacha' means 'for thus', 'yaatz' means 'counseled', 'aleikhem' means 'to you', 'Achitophel' is a personal name.
[2SA.17.22] And David rose, and all the people who were with him, and they crossed the Jordan until the light of morning, until one was not left who had not crossed the Jordan. [§]
Vayakam David vechol ha'am asher ito vayaa'bru et hayarden ad or haboker ad achad lo ne'dar asher lo avar et hayarden.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'David' is the name David, 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'with him', 'vayaa'bru' means 'and they crossed', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'ad' means 'until', 'or' means 'light', 'haboker' means 'the morning', 'ad achad' means 'until one', 'lo ne'dar' means 'was not left', 'asher lo avar' means 'who did not cross', 'et hayarden' again means 'the Jordan'.
[2SA.17.23] And Achitophel saw that his counsel had not been carried out, and he hushed the donkey, and he rose, and he went to his house, to his city, and he commanded his household, and he laughed, and he died, and he was buried in his father's grave. [§]
vaachitofel raah ki lo ne'esetah atsato vayachavosh ethachamor vayakam vayelekh elbeyto eliryo vayetzav elbeyto vayechanak vayamat vayikaver bekever aviv samekh
'vaachitofel' means 'and Achitophel', 'raah' means 'saw', 'ki' means 'that', 'lo' means 'not', 'ne'esetah' means 'was done' or 'was carried out', 'atsato' means 'his counsel', 'vayachavosh' means 'and he hushed' or 'silenced', 'etchachamor' means 'the donkey', 'vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'elbeyto' means 'to his house', 'eliryo' means 'to his city', 'vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'elbeyto' (second occurrence) means 'his household', 'vayechanak' means 'and he laughed', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'vayikaver' means 'and he buried', 'bekever' means 'in a grave', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'samekh' is a paragraph marker.
[2SA.17.24] And David came to Mahanaim, and Abishalom crossed the Jordan; he and every man of Israel with him. [§]
veDavid ba Mahanaim veAvshalom avar et-hayarden hu ve-khol-isho Yisrael immo.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 'ba' means 'came', 'Mahanaim' is a place name, 'veAvshalom' means 'and Abishalom', 'avar' means 'crossed', 'et' is a grammatical marker with no direct English equivalent, 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'hu' means 'he', 've-khol' means 'and every', 'isho' means 'man', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[2SA.17.25] And Amasa was placed by Absalom under Joab over the army, and Amasa the son of a man, whose name was Yitra the Israelite, who came to Avigal daughter of Nachash, sister of Zeruya, mother of Joab. [§]
ve'et-‘amasa sam avshalom tachat yoav al-hatzava ve'amasa ben-ish ushmo yitra haYisraeli asher ba el-Avigal bat-nachash achot tzeruya em yoav.
've'et' means 'and (the object marker)', 'amasa' is a proper name meaning 'burden' or 'load', 'sam' means 'placed', 'avshalom' is a proper name meaning 'father of peace', 'tachat' means 'under', 'yoav' is a proper name meaning 'Yahweh is father', 'al' means 'over', 'hatzava' means 'the army', 've'amasa' repeats the name, 'ben' means 'son', 'ish' means 'man', 'ushmo' means 'and his name', 'yitra' is a proper name meaning 'fear', 'haYisraeli' means 'the Israelite', 'asher' means 'who', 'ba' means 'came', 'el' means 'to', 'Avigal' is a proper name, 'bat' means 'daughter', 'nachash' means 'serpent', 'achot' means 'sister', 'tzeruya' is a proper name, 'em' means 'mother', 'yoav' repeats the name Joab.
[2SA.17.26] And Israel and Avshalom dwelt in the land of Gilead. [§]
vayichan Israel veAvshalom eretz haGilad.
'vayichan' means 'and dwelt', 'Israel' is the name of the people, 'veAvshalom' means 'and Avshalom', 'eretz' means 'land', 'haGilad' means 'the Gilead (region)'.
[2SA.17.27] And it was when David came to Mahanaim, and Shobi son of Nachash from Rabbath of the children of Ammon, and Machir son of Amiel full of speech, and Barzilai the Gileadite from Rogelim. [§]
Vayehi kevo David machaneyma veShobi ben-Nachash merabbat Bnei-Ammon uMachir ben-Amiel millo dvar uBarzilai hagilaadi meroglim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kevo' means 'when', 'David' is the proper name David, 'machaneyma' is the place Mahanaim, 'veShobi' means 'and Shobi', 'ben-Nachash' means 'son of Nachash', 'merabbat' means 'from Rabbath', 'Bnei-Ammon' means 'the children of Ammon', 'uMachir' means 'and Machir', 'ben-Amiel' means 'son of Amiel', 'millo dvar' means 'full of word' or 'full of speech', 'uBarzilai' means 'and Barzilai', 'hagilaadi' means 'the Gileadite', 'meroglim' means 'from Rogelim'.
[2SA.17.28] Bed and baskets and the creator's vessel and wheat and hair and flour and a utensil and blood and men and a utensil. [§]
Mishkav ve-sappot u-kheli yotzer ve-chittim u-seorim ve-kemach ve-kali u-pol ve-adashim ve-kali.
'Mishkav' means 'bed' or 'couch', 've-sappot' means 'and bags' or 'and baskets', 'u-kheli yotzer' means 'and the vessel of the creator' (kheli = vessel, yotzer = creator), 've-chittim' means 'and wheat', 'u-seorim' means 'and hair' or 'bristles', 've-kemach' means 'and flour', 've-kali' means 'and a utensil' (kali = utensil or vessel), 'u-pol' means 'and blood', 've-adashim' means 'and men', and the final 've-kali' repeats 'and a utensil'.
[2SA.17.29] and honey and butter and the flock and the calves they presented to David and to the people who were with him to eat because the people said the people were hungry, weary, and thirsty in the desert. [§]
Udevas v'chema v'tzon u'shefot bakar higishu leDavid v'la'am asher-ito le'echol ki amru ha'am ra'av ve'ayef ve'tzame bamidbar.
'Udevas' means 'and honey', 'v'chema' means 'and butter', 'v'tzon' means 'and flock', 'u'shefot' means 'and calves', 'bakar' means 'cattle', 'higishu' means 'they presented', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'v'la'am' means 'and to the people', 'asher-ito' means 'who were with him', 'le'echol' means 'to eat', 'ki' means 'because', 'amru' means 'they said', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ra'av' means 'hungry', 've'ayef' means 'and weary', 've'tzame' means 'and thirsty', 'bamidbar' means 'in the desert'.
2SA.18
[2SA.18.1] And David appointed the people who were with him, and set over them captains of thousands and captains of hundreds. [§]
Vayipkod David et haam asher ito vayasem aleihem sarei alafim ve sarei meot.
'Vayipkod' means 'and he appointed', 'David' is the personal name David, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haam' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'ito' means 'with him', 'vayasem' means 'and he set' or 'appointed', 'aleihem' means 'over them', 'sarei' means 'captains' or 'leaders', 'alafim' means 'of thousands', 've' means 'and', 'sarei' again means 'captains', 'meot' means 'of hundreds'.
[2SA.18.2] David sent a third of the people under Joab, a third under Abishai son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third under Ithai the Gittite. Then the king said to the people, "Let us go out; I too will go with you." [§]
Vayeshalach David et haam ha-shlishit be-yad Yoav ve-ha-shlishit be-yad Avishai ben Tzruyah achi Yoav ve-ha-shlishit be-yad Ittai ha-Giti savay amar ha-melekh el haam yatza etze gam-ani imachem.
'Vayeshalach' means 'and sent', 'David' is the name David, 'et' is the accusative marker for the direct object, 'haam' means 'the people', 'ha-shlishit' means 'the third', 'be-yad' means 'in the hand of' or 'under the command of', 'Yoav' is Joab, 've-' is 'and', 'Avishai' is the name Abishai, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Tzruyah' is Zeruiah, 'achi' means 'brother', 'Ittai' is the name Ithai, 'ha-Giti' means 'the Gittite' (from Gath), 'savay' means 'then', 'amar' means 'said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to' or 'against', 'haam' means 'the people', 'yatza' means 'go out', 'etze' means 'I will go out', 'gam' means 'also', 'ani' means 'I', 'imachem' means 'with you (plural)'.
[2SA.18.3] And the people said, 'You will not go out, unless we flee, they will not place a heart upon us; and if half of us die, they will not place a heart upon us, because now there are as many as ten thousand among us, and now it is good that a city will be for us to aid.' [§]
Vayomer ha'am lo tetze ki im nos nanus lo yashimu elenu lev ve'im yamutu chetzienu lo yashimu elenu lev ki-atah kamonu asara alafim ve'atah tov ki-ti-hye lanu me'ir la'azir.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'lo' means 'not', 'tetze' means 'you will go out', 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'nos' means 'we flee', 'nanus' means 'we will flee', 'lo' means 'they will not', 'yashimu' means 'place/put', 'elenu' means 'upon us', 'lev' means 'heart', 've'im' means 'and if', 'yamutu' means 'they die', 'chetzienu' means 'our half', 'lo' means 'they will not', 'yashimu' means 'place/put', 'elenu' means 'upon us', 'lev' means 'heart', 'ki' means 'because', 'atah' means 'now', 'kamonu' means 'as many as we', 'asara' means 'ten', 'alafim' means 'thousands', 've' means 'and', 'atah' means 'now', 'tov' means 'good', 'ki' means 'that', 'tihey' means 'it will be', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'me'ir' means 'a city', 'laazir' means 'to help' or 'for aid'.
[2SA.18.4] And the king said to them, 'I will do whatever you consider good,' and the king stood by the gate, and all the people went out in hundreds and in thousands. [§]
Vayomer aleihem ha-melekh asher yitav be'eineichem e'eseh, vayamod ha-melekh el yad ha-sha'ar, ve-khol ha-am yatze'u le-me'ot ve-la'alafim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'yitav' means 'will be good' or 'will be pleasing', 'be'eineichem' means 'in your eyes', 'e'eseh' means 'I will do', 'vayamod' means 'and he stood', 'el' means 'by' or 'at', 'yad' means 'the hand' (idiomatically 'by the side'), 'ha-sha'ar' means 'the gate', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'yatze'u' means 'went out', 'le-me'ot' means 'in hundreds', 've-la'alafim' means 'and in thousands'.
[2SA.18.5] And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ithai, saying, 'Quickly bring the boy Absalom.' And all the people heard, by the king's command, all the officials concerning Absalom. [§]
Vayetzav haMelekh et-Yoav ve-et-Avishai ve-et-Ittai le'emor le'at li la'na'ar le'Avshalom ve-khol ha'am shamu be'tzav haMelekh et kol ha'sarim al dvar Avshalom.
'Vayetzav' means 'and he commanded', 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'et-Yoav' means 'Joab', 've-et-Avishai' means 'and Abishai', 've-et-Ittai' means 'and Ithai', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'le'at li' means 'quickly for me' (hurry), 'la'na'ar' means 'the boy', 'le'Avshalom' means 'Absalom', 've-khol ha'am' means 'and all the people', 'shamu' means 'heard', 'be'tzav haMelekh' means 'by the command of the king', 'et kol ha'sarim' means 'all the officials/chiefs', 'al dvar Avshalom' means 'concerning Absalom'.
[2SA.18.6] And the people of the field went out to meet Israel and the battle was in the forest of Ephraim. [§]
Vayetzei ha'am hashade leqrat Yisrael vatehi hamilchamah beya'ar Ephraim.
'Vayetzei' means 'and went out', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'hashade' means 'of the field', 'leqrat' means 'to meet' or 'to greet', 'Yisrael' is the name Israel, 'vatehi' means 'and it was', 'hamilchamah' means 'the battle', 'beya'ar' means 'in the forest', 'Ephraim' is the name Ephraim.
[2SA.18.7] And they struck there the people of Israel before the servants of David, and there was a great plague in that day, twenty thousand. [§]
Vayinnagfu sham am Yisrael lifnei avde David vatehi-sham ha-magefah gedolah bayom ha-hu esrim alaf.
'Vayinnagfu' means 'and they struck', 'sham' means 'there', 'am' means 'people', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'avde' means 'servants of', 'David' is the personal name David, 'vatehi-sham' means 'and there was', 'ha-magefah' means 'the plague', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'bayom' means 'in the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'alaf' means 'thousand'.
[2SA.18.8] And there was war spreading over the face of the whole earth, and the forest went out to eat the people, from whom the sword had eaten on that day. [§]
va-tehi sham ha-milchamah nafotzet al-penei kol ha-aretz va-yereb ha-ya'ar le'echol ba'am me'asher achla ha-cherev ba-yom ha-hu.
'va-tehi' means 'and it was', 'sham' means 'there', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the war', 'nafotzet' means 'spreading' or 'raging', 'al-penei' means 'upon the face of', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'va-yereb' means 'and it went out' or 'and it increased', 'ha-ya'ar' means 'the forest', 'le'echol' means 'to eat', 'ba'am' means 'the people', 'me'asher' means 'from which', 'achla' means 'the sword ate', 'ha-cherev' means 'the sword', 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that'.
[2SA.18.9] And Absalom called before the servants of David, and Absalom rode on the mule, and the mule went under the great oak, and he strengthened his head on the oak, and he was placed between heaven and earth, and the mule that was under him passed. [§]
Vayikarei Avshalom lifnei avdei David, veAvshalom rochev al haPered vayavo haPered tachat sovekh haEla haGedolah vayechazek rosho baEla veyutan bein hashamayim uvein haaretz vehaPered asher tachtav avar.
'Vayikarei' means 'and called', 'Avshalom' means 'Absalom', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'avdei' means 'servants of', 'David' means 'David', 'veAvshalom' means 'and Absalom', 'rochev' means 'rode', 'al' means 'on', 'haPered' means 'the mule', 'vayavo' means 'and went', 'tachat' means 'under', 'sovech' means 'the low part', 'haEla' means 'the oak', 'haGedolah' means 'the great', 'vayechazek' means 'and strengthened', 'rosho' means 'his head', 'baEla' means 'on the oak', 'veyutan' means 'and was placed', 'bein' means 'between', 'hashamayim' means 'the heavens', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'vehaPered' means 'and the mule', 'asher' means 'that', 'tachtav' means 'under it', 'avar' means 'passed'.
[2SA.18.10] And a man saw, and reported to Joab, and said, Behold, I have seen Absalom hanging in a tree. [§]
Vayar ish echad vayagged leYoav vayomer hineh raiti et-Avshalom talui ba'ela.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'ish' means 'a man', 'echad' means 'one', 'vayagged' means 'and reported', 'leYoav' means 'to Joab', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'raiti' means 'I saw', 'et-Avshalom' means 'Absalom (a proper name)', 'talui' means 'hanging', 'ba'ela' means 'in a tree'.
[2SA.18.11] And Job said to the man who reported to him, Behold, I have seen; and why did you not strike him there on the ground? And to me give you ten pieces of silver and one girdle. [§]
Vayomer Yoav la'ish ha-maggid lo vehineh ra'ita u-madua lo-hakito sham aretzah ve'ala latet lekha asarah kesef vachagora achat.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yoav' is the name Job, 'la'ish' means 'to the man', 'ha-maggid' means 'who reports', 'lo' means 'to him', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'ra'ita' means 'I have seen', 'u-madua' means 'and why', 'lo-hakito' means 'did you not strike', 'sham' means 'there', 'aretzah' means 'on the ground', 've'ala' means 'and to me', 'latet' means 'to give', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'asarah kesef' means 'ten pieces of silver', 'vachagora' means 'and a girdle', 'achat' means 'one'.
[2SA.18.12] And the man said to Joab, 'Indeed I am weighing on my palm a thousand pieces of silver; I will not send my hand to the king's son, because the king, in our ears, ordered you and also Abishai and also Itai, saying, "Watch over the boy in Abshalom." [§]
Vayomer ha-ish el-Yoav ve'lu anochi shokel al-kappai elef kesef lo-eshlach yadi el-ben-hamelach ki be'ozneinu tzivah hamelech otcha ve'et-Avishai ve'et-Itai le'amer shmiru-mi ba-na'ar be'Avshalom.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'el-Yoav' means 'to Joab', 've'lu' means 'and indeed', 'anochi' means 'I', 'shokel' means 'am weighing', 'al-kappai' means 'on my palm', 'elef' means 'a thousand', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'lo-eshlach' means 'I will not send', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'el-ben-hamelach' means 'to the son of the king', 'ki' means 'because', 'be'ozneinu' means 'in our ears', 'tzivah' means 'the king ordered', 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'otcha' means 'you', 've'et-Avishai' means 'and (also) Abishai', 've'et-Itai' means 'and (also) Itai', 'le'amer' means 'to say', 'shmiru-mi' means 'watch over the boy', 'ba-na'ar' means 'the boy', 'be'Avshalom' means 'in Abshalom'.
[2SA.18.13] And I have done falsehood in my soul, and no matter what the king says it will not be affirmed, and you will stand opposite. [§]
vo-asiti b'nafshi sheker vechol davar lo yikached min ha-melekh ve'ata tityatzev mineged.
'vo' means 'and', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'b'nafshi' means 'in my soul', 'sheker' means 'falsehood', 'vechol davar' means 'and every matter', 'lo yikached' means 'will not be affirmed', 'min ha-melekh' means 'from the king', 've'ata' means 'and you', 'tityatzev' means 'will stand', 'mineged' means 'opposite' or 'before'.
[2SA.18.14] And Job said, 'Not so, I hope before you.' And he took three tribes in his palm and struck them in the heart of Avshalom, still alive in the heart of the oak. [§]
Vayomer Yoav lo-ken ochilah lefanekha vayikach shloshah shevatim bekapho vayitka'em belev Avshalom odennu chay belev ha'ela.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yoav' is the name 'Job', 'lo-ken' means 'not so' or 'no, not that way', 'ochilah' means 'I hope' or 'I look forward', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'shloshah' means 'three', 'shevatim' means 'tribes', 'bekapho' means 'in his palm', 'vayitka'em' means 'and he struck them', 'beleve' means 'in the heart', 'Avshalom' is a personal name meaning 'father of peace', 'odennu' means 'still', 'chay' means 'alive', 'beleve' repeats 'in the heart', 'ha'ela' means 'the oak' (a type of tree).
[2SA.18.15] And ten young men bearing the equipment of Joab struck Absalom and killed him. [§]
vayyasobu asara ne'arim nasei klei Yoav vayyaku et Avshalom vayemituhu.
'vayyasobu' means 'and they went around', 'asara' means 'ten', 'ne'arim' means 'young men', 'nasei' means 'bearing', 'klei' means 'the equipment of', 'Yoav' means 'Joab', 'vayyaku' means 'and they struck', 'et' is a direct object marker (not translated), 'Avshalom' means 'Absalom', 'vayemituhu' means 'and they killed him'.
[2SA.18.16] And Joab sounded the trumpet, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel because Joab had struck the people. [§]
Vay-yit-ka Joav ba-shofar vay-ya-shav ha-am mir-def a-cha-rei Yis-ra-el ki cha-sach Joav et ha-am.
'Vay-yit-ka' means 'and he sounded', 'Joav' is the proper name Joab, 'ba-shofar' means 'with the trumpet', 'vay-ya-shav' means 'and the people returned', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'mir-def' means 'from pursuit', 'a-cha-rei' means 'after', 'Yis-ra-el' means 'Israel', 'ki' means 'because', 'cha-sach' means 'he struck', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, and the second 'ha-am' again means 'the people'.
[2SA.18.17] They took Absalom and threw him into the forest at the great pit, and they set a huge stone over him; and all Israel fled, each man to his own tent. [§]
Vayikchu et-Avshalom vayashlichu oto bayaar el-hapachat haggadol vayatzivu alav gal-avanim gadol meod vechol Yisrael nasu ish leohalav.
'Vayikchu' means 'they took', 'et-Avshalom' means 'Abshalom (the proper name Absalom)', 'vayashlichu' means 'they threw', 'oto' means 'him', 'bayaar' means 'into the forest', 'el-hapachat' means 'to the great pit', 'haggadol' means 'the great', 'vayatzivu' means 'they placed/settled', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'gal-avanim' means 'a stone', 'gadol' means 'large', 'meod' means 'very', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'nasu' means 'fled', 'ish' means 'each man', 'leohalav' means 'to his tent'.
[2SA.18.18] And Absalom took and he set up for himself in the valley a pillar which was in the valley of the king, because he said there is no son for me for the purpose of memorializing my name; and he called the pillar after his name, and it was called Hand of Absalom until this day. [§]
veAbshalom lakach vayatzeb-lo bechayav et matzevet asher beemek haMelech ki amar ein li ben baavur hazkhir shemi vayikra lamatzevet al shmo vayikarei lah yad Abshalom ad hayom hazzeh.
'veAbshalom' means 'and Absalom', 'lakach' means 'took', 'vayatzeb' means 'and he set up', 'lo' means 'for him', 'bechayav' means 'in the valley', 'et' is a grammatical marker (no translation), 'matzevet' means 'pillar', 'asher' means 'which', 'beemek' means 'in the valley', 'haMelech' means 'the king', 'ki' means 'because', 'amar' means 'he said', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'li' means 'to me', 'ben' means 'a son', 'baavur' means 'for the purpose of', 'hazkhir' means 'memorial', 'shemi' means 'my name', 'vayikra' means 'he called', 'lamatzevet' means 'the pillar', 'al' means 'after', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'vayikarei' means 'it was called', 'lah' means 'to it', 'yad' means 'hand', 'Abshalom' is the proper name, 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazzeh' means 'this'.
[2SA.18.19] And Achimaetz son of Tzadok said, Let us hurry, please, and I will bring news to the king, because his judgment is Yahveh from the hand of his enemies. [§]
Vaachimatz ben Tzadok amar arutza na vavashra et hamelech ki shefato Yahveh miyad oyveih.
'Va' means 'and', 'Achimatz' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son', 'Tzadok' is a personal name, 'amar' means 'said', 'arutza' means 'let us run' or 'let us hurry', 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please', 'vavashra' means 'and I will announce' or 'and I will bring news', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'ki' means 'because', 'shefato' means 'his judgment', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'mi' means 'from', 'yad' means 'hand', 'oyveih' means 'his enemies'.
[2SA.18.20] And Joab said to him, 'You are not a bearer of good news today; you shall bear it on another day, and today you will not bring good news, because the son of the king is dead.' [§]
Vayomer lo Yoav lo ish be'sorah attah hayom hazeh uvisarta beyom achar vehayom hazeh lo tevasser ki al ben hamelech met.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'to you', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'lo' means 'not', 'ish' means 'a man' or 'one', 'be'sorah' means 'in good news' (bearer of good news), 'attah' means 'you', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'uvisarta' means 'and you will bring', 'beyom' means 'on a day', 'achar' means 'another', 'vehayom' means 'and the day', 'lo' means 'not', 'tevasser' means 'you will bring good news', 'ki' means 'because', 'al' means 'upon' or 'concerning', 'ben' means 'son', 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'met' means 'is dead'.
[2SA.18.21] And Joab said to the Cushite, "Go, tell the king what you have seen." The Cushite bowed down to Joab and ran. [§]
Vayomer Yoav laKushi lek haGed laMelech asher ra'ita vayishtachu Kushi leYoav vayarotz.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yoav' means 'Joab', 'laKushi' means 'to the Cushite', 'lek' means 'go', 'haGed' means 'tell', 'laMelech' means 'to the king', 'asher' means 'that/what', 'ra'ita' means 'you have seen', 'vayishtachu' means 'and the Cushite bowed down', 'leYoav' means 'to Joab', 'vayarotz' means 'and ran'.
[2SA.18.22] And Ahimaaz son of Zadok said to Joab, 'Let it be, what a run, please also I after the Cushite.' And Joab said, 'Why are you running, my son? Go, there is no news for you to find.' [§]
vayyo-sef od achimaatz ben tzadok vayyo-omer el yoav vi-ihi ma arutza na gam ani achar hakushi vayyo-omer yoav lamah zeh atah rats b'ni u-lecha ein besorah motset
'vayyo-sef' means 'and he added/continued', 'od' means 'again', 'achimaatz' is the proper name Ahimaaz, 'ben' means 'son', 'tzadok' is the proper name Zadok, 'vayyo-omer' means 'and he said', 'el' means 'to', 'yoav' is the proper name Joab, 'vi-ihi' means 'and let it be', 'ma' means 'what', 'arutza' means 'run', 'na' is a pleading particle meaning 'please', 'gam' means 'also', 'ani' means 'I', 'achar' means 'after', 'hakushi' means 'the Cushite', 'vayyo-omer' again means 'and he said', 'yoav' again Joab, 'lamah' means 'why', 'zeh' means 'this', 'atah' means 'you', 'rats' means 'run', 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'u-lecha' means 'and go', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'besorah' means 'news', 'motset' means 'you find'.
[2SA.18.23] And it shall be that he runs, and he said to him, Run, and he ran Achima'ats the road of the square, and he passed over the Cushite. [§]
Vihi-ma arutz vayomer lo rut vayaaratz Achima'ats derekh ha-kikar vayya'avor et ha-kushi.
'Vihi-ma' means 'and it shall be', 'arutz' means 'to run', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'rut' means 'run', 'vayaratz' means 'and he ran', 'Achima'ats' is a proper name, 'derekh' means 'the way or road', 'ha-kikar' means 'the square', 'vayya'avor' means 'and he passed over', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ha-kushi' means 'the Cushite'.
[2SA.18.24] And David was sitting between the two gates, and the watchman went to the top of the gate to the wall, and he lifted up his eyes and saw, and behold a man was running alone. [§]
veDavid yoshev bein-shnei hashshaarim vayelech hatzopeh el-gag hashaar el-hachoma vayissa et einav vayare v'hineh ish ratz levado.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 'yoshev' means 'was sitting', 'bein' means 'between', 'shnei' means 'two', 'hashshaarim' means 'the gates', 'vayelech' means 'and went', 'hatzopeh' means 'the watchman', 'el' means 'to', 'gag' means 'the top', 'hashaar' means 'of the gate', 'el' means 'to', 'hachoma' means 'the wall', 'vayissa' means 'and lifted up', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'einav' means 'his eyes', 'vayare' means 'and saw', 'v'hineh' means 'and behold', 'ish' means 'a man', 'ratz' means 'running', 'levado' means 'alone'.
[2SA.18.25] And the watchman called and reported to the king, and the king said, 'If alone in his mouth, and he went walking and drew near.' [§]
Va-yikra ha-tzofe va-yagged la-melekh va-yoamer ha-melekh im-levado be-sora be-piv va-yelekh ha-lokh ve-karev.
'Va-yikra' means 'and he called', 'ha-tzofe' means 'the watchman', 'va-yagged' means 'and reported', 'la-melekh' means 'to the king', 'va-yoamer' means 'and said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'im-levado' means 'if by himself' or 'if alone', 'be-sora' means 'in a rumor' or 'in secret' (literal sense uncertain), 'be-piv' means 'in his mouth', 'va-yelekh' means 'and he went', 'ha-lokh' means 'walking' or 'going', 've-karev' means 'and drew near'.
[2SA.18.26] And the watchman saw another man running, and the watchman called to the awakener and said, 'Behold, a man runs alone.' And the king said, 'Also this brings news.' [§]
vayar ha-tsofeh ish acher ratz vayikra ha-tsofeh el ha-shoer vayomer hineh ish ratz levado vayomer ha-melekh gam zeh mevasser.
'vayar' means 'and saw', 'ha-tsofeh' means 'the watchman', 'ish' means 'man', 'acher' means 'another', 'ratz' means 'running', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-shoer' means 'the awakener (one who wakes)', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'levado' means 'by himself/alone', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'gam' means 'also', 'zeh' means 'this', 'mevasser' means 'bearer of news' or 'one who brings news'.
[2SA.18.27] And the watchman said, I see the merutsat of the first like the merutsat of Achimaatz son of Tzedok; and the king said, This is a good man, and good news will come. [§]
Vayomer hatzofeh ani roeh et merutsat harishon kimerutsat achimaatz ben tzedok vayomer hamelech ish-tov ze ve'el-b'sorah tovah yavo.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hatzofeh' means 'the watchman', 'ani' means 'I', 'roeh' means 'see', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'merutsat' is a proper name or term meaning 'merutsah', 'harishon' means 'the first', 'kimerutsat' means 'like the merutsah', 'achimaatz' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'tzedok' is a personal name meaning 'justice', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'ish-tov' means 'good man', 'ze' means 'this', 've'el-b'sorah' means 'and to the good news', 'tovah' means 'good', 'yavo' means 'will come'.
[2SA.18.28] And he called Achimaatz and said to the king, Peace, and they bowed to the king to his face on the ground, and he said, Blessed Yahveh, your God, who bound the men who lifted their hands in the Lord the king. [§]
Vayikra Achimaatz vayomer el-hamelekh shalom vayishtachu lammelekh le'afav artsah savoyomer Baruch Yahveh Eloheikha asher sigr et-ha'anashim asher-nasu et-yadam badoni hamelech.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Achimaatz' is a proper name, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el-hamelekh' means 'to the king', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'vayishtachu' means 'and they bowed', 'lammelekh' means 'to the king', 'le'afav' means 'to his mouth/face', 'artsah' means 'on the ground', 'savoyomer' means 'and he said', 'Baruch' means 'blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Eloheikha' means 'your God', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'sigr' means 'bound' or 'restricted', 'et-ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'asher-nasu' means 'who lifted', 'et-yadam' means 'their hands', 'badoni' means 'by the Lord', 'hamelech' means 'the king'.
[2SA.18.29] And the king said, Peace to the youth, to Absalom. And Ahimaaz said, I have seen the mighty one the great to send the king's servant Joab and your servant, and I do not know what. [§]
Vayomer haMelekh shalom lanar leAvshalom vayomer Ahimaaz ra'iti hehamon haGadol lishloach et-evad haMelekh Yoav ve'et avdecha velo yadatai mah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'lanar' means 'to the youth', 'leAvshalom' means 'to Absalom', 'vayomer' means 'and he said' again, 'Ahimaaz' is a proper name, 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'hehamon' means 'the mighty one', 'haGadol' means 'the great', 'lishloach' means 'to send', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (here rendered as "the"), 'evad' means 'servant', 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'Yoav' is a proper name, 've'et' means 'and the', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yadatai' means 'I know', 'mah' means 'what'.
[2SA.18.30] And the king said, 'Turn, stand like this,' and he turned and stood. [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh sov hityatzev koh vayisov vayya'amod.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'sov' means 'turn' (imperative), 'hityatzev' means 'stand' (reflexive imperative), 'koh' means 'like this' or 'thus', 'vayisov' means 'and he turned', 'vayya'amod' means 'and he stood' or 'stood up'.
[2SA.18.31] And behold, the Cushite came and said, the Cushite will announce to my Lord the king that your judgment, Yahveh, today is from the hand of all those who rise against you. [§]
vehineh hakushi ba vayomer hakushi yitbaser adoni hamelekh ki-sheptekha Yahveh hayom miyad kol-hakammim alekha.
'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'hakushi' means 'the Cushite', 'ba' means 'came', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'yitbaser' means 'to announce', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'ki-sheptekha' means 'because your judgment', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'hayom' means 'today', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'kol-hakammim' means 'all those who rise', 'alekha' means 'against you'.
[2SA.18.32] And the king said to the Kushite, "Peace to the boy for Absalom." And the Kushite said, "May they be like the boy, enemies of my Lord the king, and all who have risen against you for evil." [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh el-ha-kushi hashalom la-na'ar le-Avshalom vayomer ha-kushi yihyu ka-na'ar oyvei adoni ha-melekh ve-kol asher kamu al-eka le-ra'ah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said'; 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'; 'el' means 'to' or 'against'; 'ha-kushi' means 'the Kushite' (a person from Kush); 'hashalom' means 'peace' (used here as a greeting or wish); 'la-na'ar' means 'to the boy'; 'le-Avshalom' means 'for Absalom' (a proper name, left unchanged); 'yihyu' means 'they shall be'; 'ka-na'ar' means 'like the boy'; 'oyvei' means 'enemies of'; 'adoni' is a name of God and is rendered literally as 'my Lord'; 'ha-melekh' again means 'the king'; 've-kol' means 'and all'; 'asher' means 'that which' or 'who'; 'kamu' means 'rose' or 'were raised'; 'al-eka' means 'against you'; 'le-ra'ah' means 'for evil' or 'to do harm'.
2SA.19
[2SA.19.1] And the king grew angry, and he went up on the threshold of the gate and wept, and said, 'Thus he said as he went: My son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom, who will give me my death? I am beneath you, Absalom, my son, my son.' [§]
Vayirgaz ha-melekh vayya'al al-aliyat ha-sha'ar vayevkh ve'kho amar belekhto beni Avshalom beni beni Avshalom mi-yiten muti ani tachtecha Avshalom beni beni.
'Vayirgaz' means 'and he grew angry', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vayya'al' means 'and he went up', 'al-aliyat' means 'on the threshold', 'ha-sha'ar' means 'the gate', 'vayevkh' means 'and he wept', 've'kho' means 'and thus', 'amar' means 'he said', 'belekhto' means 'as he went', 'beni' means 'my son', 'Avshalom' is a proper name, repeated for emphasis, 'mi-yiten' means 'who will give', 'muti' means 'my death', 'ani' means 'I am', 'tachtecha' means 'under you' (literally 'beneath you'), and the final 'beni beni' repeats 'my son, my son' for emotional emphasis.
[2SA.19.2] It was reported to Joab, Behold, the king is weeping and mourning over Absalom. [§]
Vayugad leYoav hineh ha-melekh bokhe vayitabel al Avshalom.
'Vayugad' means 'it was reported', 'leYoav' means 'to Joab', 'hineh' means 'behold' or 'here', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'bokhe' means 'weeping', 'vayitabel' means 'and mourning' or 'grieving', 'al' means 'over' or 'about', 'Avshalom' is a personal name meaning 'father of peace'.
[2SA.19.3] And it was the salvation on that day for mourning for all the people because the people heard on that day saying the king was grieving over his son. [§]
Vatehi hatteshua bayom hahu leavel lekhol haam ki shama haam bayom hahu leemor neetzav hamelek al beno.
'Vatehi' means 'and it was', 'hatteshua' means 'the salvation', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'leavel' means 'for mourning', 'lekhol' means 'to all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'ki' means 'because', 'shama' means 'heard', 'haam' again 'the people', 'bayom' again 'on the day', 'hahu' again 'that', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'neetzav' means 'was grieving', 'hamelek' means 'the king', 'al' means 'over', 'beno' means 'his son'.
[2SA.19.4] And the people rebelled on that day to go to the city, as the slain people fled in the war. [§]
Vayitganeb ha'am ba-yom ha'hu lavo ha'ir ka'asher yitganeb ha'am ha-nikhlamim be-nusam ba-milchamah.
'Vayitganeb' means 'and (he/they) rebelled or turned away', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha'hu' means 'that', 'lavo' means 'to go or come', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'yitganeb' means 'he will rebel or turn away', 'ha-nikhlamim' means 'the slain', 'be-nusam' means 'their fleeing', 'ba-milchamah' means 'in the war'.
[2SA.19.5] And the king turned his face and the king shouted a great cry: My son Absalom, Absalom, my son, my son. [§]
veha-melekh la'at et panav vayiz'ak ha-melekh kol gadol, beni Avshalom, Avshalom, beni, beni.
'veha-melekh' means 'and the king', 'la'at' means 'turned' or 'looked away', 'et panav' means 'his face', 'vayiz'ak' means 'and he shouted', 'ha-melekh' again 'the king', 'kol' means 'voice' or 'cry', 'gadol' means 'great', 'beni' means 'my son', 'Avshalom' is the personal name Absalom, the phrase repeats 'Avshalom, beni, beni' meaning 'Absalom, my son, my son'.
[2SA.19.6] And Joab came to the king in the house and said, "Turn aside today, from the presence of all your servants who are saving your life today, and also the life of your sons and daughters, and the life of your wives, and the life of your concubines." [§]
Vayyavo Yoav el-ha-melekh ha-bayit vayomer hovash'ta hayom et-p'nei kol-avadecha ha-maml'tim et-naphsh'cha hayom ve'et nefesh banecha u'venot'cha ve'nefesh nashe'kha ve'nefesh pilagsh'ekha.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'el-ha-melekh' means 'to the king', 'ha-bayit' means 'the house', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'hovash'ta' means 'turn aside' or 'shut yourself away', 'hayom' means 'today', 'et-p'nei' means 'from the face of', 'kol-avadecha' means 'all your servants', 'ha-maml'tim' means 'who are rescuing' or 'saving', 'et-naphsh'cha' means 'your life', 've'et' means 'and also', 'nefesh banecha' means 'the life of your sons', 'u'venot'cha' means 'and your daughters', 've'nefesh nashe'kha' means 'and the life of your wives', 've'nefesh pilagsh'ekha' means 'and the life of your concubines'.
[2SA.19.7] To love your enemy and to hate your lover, because you said today that there are no princes or slaves for you, because I know today that not Abshalom lives and we all today are dead, for then it is right in your eyes. [§]
Leahava et-sonecha ve'lishno et-ohavchekha ki higgadta hayom ki ein lecha sarim ve'avadim ki yodati hayom ki lu Avshalom chay ve'kulanu hayom metim ki-az yashar be'eynekha.
'Leahava' means 'to love', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'sonecha' means 'your hater' (enemy), 've' means 'and', 'lishno' means 'to hate', 'ohavchekha' means 'your lover', 'ki' means 'because', 'higgadta' means 'you said/told', 'hayom' means 'today', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'sarim' means 'princes', 've'avadim' means 'and slaves', 'yodati' means 'I know', 'lu' means 'not', 'Avshalom' is a proper name, 'chay' means 'alive', 've' means 'and', 'kulanu' means 'all of us', 'metim' means 'dead', 'az' means 'then/when', 'yashar' means 'right' or 'just', 'be'eynekha' means 'in your eyes'.
[2SA.19.8] And now arise, go out and speak to the heart of your servants, for I have sworn by Yahveh that you will not go out unless a man stays with you this night, and this evil will be to you more than all the evil that has come upon you from your youth until now. [§]
ve'atah kum tze ve'daber al lev avadecha ki baYahveh nishba'ti ki-eincha yotze im-yalin ish itcha ha-layla ve'ra'ah lecha zot mikol-hara'ah asher-baha aleicha min'nuareicha ad-ata
've'atah' means 'and now', 'kum' means 'arise', 'tze' means 'go out', 've'daber' means 'and speak', 'al' means 'to', 'lev' means 'heart', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'ki' means 'for', 'baYahveh' means 'by Yahveh', 'nishba'ti' means 'I have sworn', 'ki-eincha' means 'that you will not', 'yotze' means 'go out', 'im-yalin' means 'if a man stays', 'ish' means 'a man', 'itcha' means 'with you', 'ha-layla' means 'this night', 've'ra'ah' means 'and it will be evil', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'zot' means 'this', 'mikol-hara'ah' means 'more than all evil', 'asher-baha' means 'that has come', 'aleicha' means 'upon you', 'min'nuareicha' means 'from your youth', 'ad-ata' means 'until now'.
[2SA.19.9] And the king rose and sat at the gate, and all the people announced, saying, Behold, the king sits at the gate; and all the people came before the king, and Israel fled, each man to his tent. [§]
Vayakam ha-melekh vayyeshev ba-sha'ar u-lechol ha-am higidu le'emor hineh ha-melekh yoshev ba-sha'ar vayavo kol ha-am lifnei ha-melekh veYisrael nas ish le'ohalav.
'Vayakam' means 'and rose'; 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'; 'vayyeshev' means 'and sat'; 'ba-sha'ar' means 'at the gate'; 'u-lechol' means 'and for all'; 'ha-am' means 'the people'; 'higidu' means 'they announced'; 'le'emor' means 'to say'; 'hineh' means 'behold'; 'yoshev' means 'sits'; 'vayavo' means 'and came'; 'kol' means 'all'; 'lifnei' means 'before'; 'veYisrael' means 'and Israel'; 'nas' means 'fled'; 'ish' means 'each man'; 'le'ohalav' means 'to his tent'.
[2SA.19.10] And all the people were in great distress, in all the tribes of Israel, saying, "The king rescued us from the hand of our enemies, and he delivered us from the hand of the Philistines; now he has fled from the land beyond Absalom." [§]
Vayehi kol-ha'am nadon bechol-shivtei Yisrael le'emor ha-melech hitsilanu mikaf oyveinu vehu mil'tanu mikaf Pelishtim ve'atah barach min-ha'aretz me'al Avshalom.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'nadon' means 'was in great distress', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'shivtei' means 'the tribes of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ha-melech' means 'the king', 'hitsilanu' means 'saved/rescued us', 'mikaf' means 'from the hand of', 'oyveinu' means 'our enemies', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'mil'tanu' means 'delivered us', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'barach' means 'has fled', 'min-ha'aretz' means 'from the land', 'me'al' means 'above/over', 'Avshalom' is a proper name.
[2SA.19.11] And Avshalom, who anointed us, died in the war; now why are you silent about restoring the king. [§]
ve Avshalom asher mashachnu aleinu met ba milchamah ve attah lama atem macharishim lehashiv et hamelech.
'Ve' means 'and', 'Avshalom' is a personal name, 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'mashachnu' means 'anointed us', 'aleinu' means 'upon us', 'met' means 'died', 'ba milchamah' means 'in the war', 've' means 'and', 'atah' means 'now', 'lama' means 'why', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'macharishim' means 'are silent', 'lehashiv' means 'to restore' or 'to bring back', 'et hamelech' means 'the king' (direct object marker).
[2SA.19.12] And the king David sent to Tzadok and to Evyatar the priests, saying, Speak to the elders of Judah, saying, Why are you later bringing back the king to his house? And the word of all Israel came to the king to his house. [§]
Veha-melekh David shalach el Tzadok ve el Evyatar ha-koheinim le'emor dabru el zeknei Yehudah le'emor lama tihyu acharonim lehashiv et hamelekh el beto udevar kol Yisrael ba el hamelekh el beto.
'Veha-melekh' means 'and the king', 'David' is the proper name David, 'shalach' means 'sent', 'el' means 'to', 'Tzadok' is the proper name Tzadok, 've' means 'and', 'el' means 'to', 'Evyatar' is the proper name Evyatar, 'ha-koheinim' means 'the priests', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'dabru' means 'speak', 'el' means 'to', 'zeknei' means 'elders of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'le'emor' again means 'to say', 'lama' means 'why', 'tihyu' means 'you will be', 'acharonim' means 'later' or 'latter', 'lehashiv' means 'to bring back', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'beto' means 'his house', 'udevar' means 'and word/thing', 'kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ba' means 'came', 'el' means 'to', 'hamelekh' again 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'beto' means 'his house'.
[2SA.19.13] My brothers, you are my bone and my flesh, and why will you be the last to bring back the king. [§]
Achai atem atzmi uvsari atem velamma tihyu achronim lehashiv et ha-melekh.
'Achai' means 'my brother(s)', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'atzmi' means 'my bone', 'uvsari' means 'and my flesh', the second 'atem' repeats 'you', 'velamma' means 'and why', 'tihyu' means 'you will be', 'achronim' means 'the last ones', 'lehashiv' means 'to return' or 'to bring back', and 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'. The construct 'et' is a direct‑object marker and has no English equivalent.
[2SA.19.14] And you shall keep the burden, is not my bone and my flesh, you? Thus the Gods will do for me, and thus will add: if not a chief of the army, you will be before me all days under Yoav. [§]
ve-laamasah tomeru halo atsmi u-vesari atah ko yaaseh-li Elohim ve'ko yosif im-lo sar-tsava tihyeh lefanai kol-hayamim tachat Yoav.
've' means 'and', 'laamasah' means 'to the burden', 'tomeru' means 'you shall keep', 'halo' means 'is not', 'atsmi' means 'my bone', 'u-vesari' means 'and my flesh', 'atah' means 'you', 'ko' means 'thus', 'yaaseh-li' means 'will do for me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 've'ko' means 'and thus', 'yosif' means 'will add', 'im-lo' means 'if not', 'sar-tsava' means 'chief of army', 'tihyeh' means 'you will be', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'kol-hayamim' means 'all days', 'tachat' means 'under', 'Yoav' is a personal name.
[2SA.19.15] He inclined the heart of every man of Judah as one man, and they sent to the king, 'Return, you and all your servants.' [§]
vayat et levav kol ish-yehudah ke'ish echad vayishlechu el hamelek shuv attah vechol avadecha.
'vayat' means 'and he caused/inclined', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'levav' means 'heart', 'kol' means 'all', 'ish-yehudah' means 'man of Judah' (collectively 'the men of Judah'), 'ke'ish' means 'as a man', 'echad' means 'one', 'vayishlechu' means 'and they sent', 'el' means 'to', 'hamelek' means 'the king', 'shuv' means 'return', 'attah' means 'you', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'avadecha' means 'your servants'.
[2SA.19.16] The king returned, went to the Jordan, and Judah came to the hill to meet the king, to carry the king across the Jordan. [§]
vayyashav ha-mellekh vayavo ad-hayarden veyehudah ba ha-gilgala lalekhet liqrata ha-mellekh le-havir et ha-mellekh et hayarden.
'vayyashav' means 'and he turned/returned', 'ha-mellekh' means 'the king', 'vayavo' means 'and he went', 'ad-hayarden' means 'to the Jordan', 'veyehudah' means 'and Judah', 'ba' means 'came', 'ha-gilgala' means 'the hill', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'liqrata' means 'to meet', 'ha-mellekh' means 'the king' (again), 'le-havir' means 'to carry across', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ha-mellekh' again means 'the king', 'et' again the direct‑object marker, 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan'.
[2SA.19.17] And Shimei son of Gera son of the right hand, who was from the chosen ones, went down with a man of Judah to meet the king David. [§]
Vaymaher Shimei ben-Gera ben-hayimani asher mibachurim vayered im-ish Yehudah likrat ha-melekh David.
'Vaymaher' means 'and he hurried', 'Shimei' is a proper name, 'ben-Gera' means 'son of Gera', 'ben-hayimani' means 'son of the right hand' (a familial or honorific designation), 'asher' means 'who', 'mibachurim' means 'from the chosen/valiant ones', 'vayered' means 'and he went down', 'im' means 'with', 'ish' means 'a man', 'Yehudah' means 'of Judah' (a member of the tribe of Judah), 'likrat' means 'to meet', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', and 'David' is the name of the king.
[2SA.19.18] and a thousand men with him from Benjamin and Ziba the youth of the house of Saul and five and ten his sons and twenty his servants with him and they crossed the Jordan before the king. [§]
veelef ish imo mibinyam vetsiva naar beit shaul vachameshet asar banav veesrim avadav ito vetsalchu hayarden lifnei hamelech.
'veelef' means 'and a thousand', 'ish' means 'men' (or 'a man'), 'imo' means 'with him', 'mibinyam' means 'from Benjamin', 'vetsiva' means 'and Ziba', 'naar' means 'youth' or 'boy', 'beit' means 'house', 'shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'vachameshet' means 'and five', 'asar' means 'ten', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'veesrim' means 'and twenty', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'ito' means 'with him', 'vetsalchu' means 'and they crossed', 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'hamelech' means 'the king'.
[2SA.19.19] And he crossed the crossing to bring across the house of the king and to do the good in his eyes, and Shimei son of Gera fell before the king while crossing the Jordan. [§]
veaverah haaverah laaver et-beit hamelekh velaasot hatov beenav vesim'i ben-gera nafal lifnei hamelekh beavro bayarden.
'veaverah' means 'and crossed', 'haaverah' means 'the crossing', 'laaver' means 'to bring across', 'et-beit' means 'the house of', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'velaasot' means 'and to do', 'hatov' means 'the good', 'beenav' means 'in his eyes', 'vesim'i' means 'and Shimei', 'ben-gera' means 'son of Gera', 'nafal' means 'fell', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'beavro' means 'while crossing', 'bayarden' means 'the Jordan'.
[2SA.19.20] And he said to the king, 'Do not consider it a sin against me, my Lord, and do not remember what your servant has done on the day when my Lord the king went out from Jerusalem to place the king into his heart.' [§]
Vayomer el-hamelech al-yachashav-li adoni avon v'al-tizkor et asher he'eva avdecha bayom asher yatza adoni-hamelech mirushalaim lasum hamelech el-libbo.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el-hamelech' means 'to the king', 'al-yachashav-li' means 'do not consider it against me', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'avon' means 'sin', 'v'al-tizkor' means 'and do not remember', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no translation), 'asher' means 'that which' or 'when', 'he'eva' means 'has transgressed', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'bayom' means 'in the day', 'yatza' means 'went out', 'adoni-hamelech' means 'my Lord the king', 'mirushalaim' means 'from Jerusalem', 'lasum' means 'to set' or 'to place', 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'el-libbo' means 'into his heart'.
[2SA.19.21] For your servant knew that I have sinned, and behold, I have come today first to the whole house of Joseph to go down to meet my Lord the king. [§]
Ki yada avdeka ki ani chatati vehineh vati hayom rishon lekhol beit yosef laredet likra et adoni hamelek.
'Ki' means 'for', 'yada' means 'knew', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'ki' means 'that', 'ani' means 'I', 'chatati' means 'have sinned', 've' means 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'vati' means 'I have come', 'hayom' means 'today', 'rishon' means 'first', 'lekhol' means 'to the whole', 'beit' means 'house of', 'yosef' means 'Joseph', 'laredet' means 'to go down', 'likra' means 'to meet', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'hamelek' means 'the king'.
[2SA.19.22] And answered Abishai son of Zeruya and he said, 'Under this, Shimei will not die because he cursed the Messiah Yahveh.' [§]
Vaya'an Avishai ben-Tzeruya vayomer hatachat zot lo yumat Shimei ki kilel et Meshich Yahveh.
'Vaya'an' means 'and answered', 'Avishai' is a personal name, 'ben' means 'son', 'Tzeruya' is a personal name meaning 'of Zeruya', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hatachat' means 'under this' or 'beside this', 'zot' means 'this', 'lo' means 'not', 'yumat' means 'will die', 'Shimei' is a personal name, 'ki' means 'because', 'kilel' means 'cursed', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Meshich' means 'Messiah', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh'.
[2SA.19.23] And David said, 'What to me and to you, children of Zeruiah, that you will be to me today as a satan? Today a man will die in Israel, for did I not know that today I am king over Israel.' [§]
Vayomer David mah-li ve-lachem b'nei Tzeruya ki-tihyu-li hayom le-satan hayom yumat ish beYisrael ki halo yada'ti ki hayom ani-melekh alYisrael.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'mah-li' means 'what to me', 've-lachem' means 'and to you', 'b'nei' means 'sons/children of', 'Tzeruya' is a proper name (Zeruiah), 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'tihyu-li' means 'will be to me', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'le-satan' means 'as a satan' (literally 'as an adversary'), 'yumat' means 'will die', 'ish' means 'a man', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 'halo' means 'did not', 'yada\'ti' means 'I know', 'ani-melekh' means 'I am king', 'alYisrael' means 'over Israel'.
[2SA.19.24] And the king said to Shimi, 'You shall not die,' and the king swore to him. [§]
Vayomer ha melek el-Shimi lo tamut vayishava lo ha melek.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha melek' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'Shimi' is the name Shim'i, 'lo' means 'not', 'tamut' means 'you will die', 'vayishava' means 'and swore', the second 'lo' means 'to him', and the final 'ha melek' repeats 'the king'.
[2SA.19.25] And the son of Saul went down to meet the king, and he did not move his feet, and he did not move his lips, and his garments he did not clothe, from the day the king walked until the day that he came in peace. [§]
Umefiboshet ben Shaul yarad likrat ha-melekh velo asah raglav velo asah sfamo ve-et begadav lo kibbes le-min ha-yom lekhet ha-melekh ad ha-yom asher ba be-shalom.
'Umefiboshet' is taken as a form meaning 'and the son of'; 'ben' means 'son'; 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul'; 'yarad' means 'went down'; 'likrat' means 'to meet'; 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'; 'velo' means 'and not'; 'asah' means 'did'; 'raglav' means 'his feet'; 'sfamo' means 'his lips'; 've-et' means 'and the'; 'begadav' means 'his garments'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'kibbes' means 'clothed'; 'le-min' means 'from'; 'ha-yom' means 'the day'; 'lekhet' means 'the walking' or 'the walking of'; 'ad' means 'until'; 'asher' means 'that'; 'ba' means 'came'; 'be-shalom' means 'in peace'.
[2SA.19.26] And it happened, when he came into Jerusalem to meet the king, the king said to him, Why did you not go with me to the chariot? [§]
Vayehi ki-va Yerushalayim likrat ha-melekh vayomer lo ha-melekh lamah lo halakhta immi miphiboshet.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ki-va' means 'when he came', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'likrat' means 'to meet', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ha-melekh' (second occurrence) means 'the king', 'lamah' means 'why', 'lo' means 'not', 'halakhta' means 'you went' or 'you walked', 'immi' means 'with me', 'miphiboshet' is understood as 'to the chariot' (a noun referring to a chariot or charioteer).
[2SA.19.27] And he said, My Lord the king, my servant Rimoni, because your servant said, I will bind a donkey for myself and ride on it and go with the king, for my servant is fleeing. [§]
Vayomer Adoni haMelekh avdi Rimoni ki amar avdecha echbesha li hachamor ve'erchav aleha ve'elech et haMelekh ki pisseach avdecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'avdi' means 'my servant', 'Rimoni' is a proper name, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'amar' means 'said', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'echbesha' means 'I will bind for myself', 'li' means 'to me', 'hachamor' means 'the donkey', 've'erchav' means 'and I will ride', 'aleha' means 'upon it', 've'elech' means 'and I will go', 'et haMelekh' means 'with the king', 'pisseach' means 'to flee, to escape', 'avdecha' again means 'your servant'.
[2SA.19.28] And he walked by your servant to my Lord the king, and my Lord the king like an angel of the Gods, and do the good in your eyes. [§]
vayraggel beavdecha el adoni ha melek vaadoni ha melek ke malach ha elohim vaaseh ha tov be eynekha.
'vayraggel' means 'and he walked', 'beavdecha' means 'by your servant', 'el adoni' means 'to my Lord', 'ha melek' means 'the king', 'vaadoni' means 'and my Lord', 'ke malach' means 'like an angel', 'ha elohim' means 'the Gods', 'vaaseh' means 'and do', 'ha tov' means 'the good', 'be eynekha' means 'in your eyes'. The divine names are rendered as: 'adoni' = 'my Lord', 'melek' = 'the king', 'elohim' = 'the Gods'.
[2SA.19.29] For there was not any house of my father except men of death to my Lord the King, and you placed your servant among those who eat at your table, and what righteousness is left for me, and to cry again to the King. [§]
Ki lo hayah kol-bet avi ki im-an'shei-mavet la'adoni ha-melekh va-tashet et-avadkha be'ochlei shulchanekha u-mah-yesh-li od tzedakah ve-li-zaq od el ha-melekh.
'Ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'hayah' means 'was', 'kol-bet' means 'any house', 'avi' means 'of my father', 'ki' means 'except', 'im' means 'if' or introduces a clause, 'an'shei-mavet' means 'men of death', 'la'adoni' means 'to my Lord', 'ha-melekh' means 'the King', 'va-tashet' means 'and you placed', 'et-avadkha' means 'your servant', 'be'ochlei' means 'among the eaters of', 'shulchanekha' means 'your table', 'u-mah-yesh-li' means 'and what is left for me', 'od' means 'still' or 'again', 'tzedakah' means 'righteousness', 've-li-zaq' means 'and to cry', 'od' means 'again', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-melekh' means 'the King'.
[2SA.19.30] And the king said to him, 'Why do you speak again your words? I said, you and Ziva will divide the field.' [§]
Vayomer lo hamelech lama tedaber od d'varkha amarti ata veTziva tachl'ku et-hasadeh.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'lama' means 'why', 'tedaber' means 'you speak', 'od' means 'again', 'd'varkha' means 'your words', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'ata' means 'you', 'veTziva' means 'and Ziva', 'tachl'ku' means 'will divide', 'et-hasadeh' means 'the field'.
[2SA.19.31] And Mefibosheth said to the king, also he will take everything after my Lord the king comes in peace to his house. [§]
Vayomer Mefibosheth el-hamelech gam et-hakol yikkach acharei asher ba Adoni hamelech b'shalom el-beito.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Mefibosheth' is a personal name, 'el-hamelech' means 'to the king', 'gam' means 'also', 'et-hakol' means 'all', 'yikkach' means 'he will take', 'acharei' means 'after', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ba' means 'came', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'b'shalom' means 'in peace', 'el-beito' means 'to his house'.
[2SA.19.32] And Barzillai the Gileadite went down from Rogelim and crossed the king of the Jordan to send him the Jordan. [§]
uvarzilai hagiladi yarad meroglim vayyaavor et ha-melekh ha-yarden leshalcho et ba-yarden.
'u' means 'and', 'varzilai' is the name Barzillai, 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'giladi' means 'Gileadite', 'yarad' means 'went down', 'me' is a preposition meaning 'from', 'rogelim' is the place Rogelim, 'vayyaavor' means 'and crossed', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'ha-yarden' means 'the Jordan', 'leshalcho' means 'to send him', 'et' again the direct object marker, 'ba-yarden' means 'the Jordan' (the river).
[2SA.19.33] And Barzillai was very old, eighty years old, and he was the scribe of the king in his council in the camps, for he was a very great man. [§]
U-barzillai zaken meod ben-shmonim shanah vehu kilkal et ha-melekh be-shivato be-machonayim ki ish gadol hu meod.
'U' is a conjunction meaning 'and'; 'Barzillai' is a proper name; 'zaken' means 'old'; 'meod' means 'very' or 'exceedingly'; 'ben' means 'son of' but here combines with 'shmonim' to indicate 'eighty'; 'shmonim' means 'eighty'; 'shanah' means 'years'; 've' is the conjunction 'and'; 'hu' means 'he'; 'kilkal' means 'was a clerk' or 'was a scribe'; 'et' is the accusative particle marking the direct object; 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'; 'be-shivato' means 'in his sitting' i.e., 'in his council'; 'be-machonayim' means 'in the camps'; 'ki' means 'for' or 'because'; 'ish' means 'man'; 'gadol' means 'great'; 'hu' again means 'he'; 'meod' again means 'very'.
[2SA.19.34] The king said to Barzillai, 'You will go with me and I will bring you with me to Jerusalem.' [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh el Barzillai attah avor iti v'khilkalti otkha imadi biYerushalayim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'Barzillai' is a proper name, 'attah' means 'you (masc.)', 'avor' means 'will go across', 'iti' means 'with me', 'v'khilkalti' means 'and I will bring/lead', 'otkha' means 'you (obj.)', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'biYerushalayim' means 'to Jerusalem'.
[2SA.19.35] And Barzillai said to the king, How many days of my life, for I will go up with the king to Jerusalem. [§]
Vayomer Barzillai el ha-melekh kamah yemei shnei chayai ki e'aleh et ha-melekh Yerushalayim.
"Vayomer" means "and he said", "Barzillai" is a personal name, "el" means "to", "ha-melekh" means "the king", "kamah" means "how many", "yemei" means "days of", "shnei" means "two", "chayai" means "my life", "ki" means "because" or "for", "e'aleh" means "I will go up", "et" is the direct‑object marker (not translated), "ha-melekh" again means "the king", and "Yerushalayim" means "Jerusalem".
[2SA.19.36] I am eighty years old today I will know between good and evil if your servant tastes what I eat and what I drink if I hear again the voice of princes and princesses and why will your servant again be a burden to my Lord the king. [§]
Ben shmonim shana anochi hayom haeda beyin tov lera im yit'am avdecha et asher okhal ve'et asher eshteh im eshma od bekol shaarim ve'sharot ve'lamah yihye avdecha od lemasa el adoni hamelekh.
"Ben" means "I am", "shmonim" means "eighty", "shana" means "years", "anochi" means "I", "hayom" means "today", "haeda" means "will know", "beyin" means "between", "tov" means "good", "lera" means "and evil", "im" means "if", "yit'am" means "the servant tastes", "avdecha" means "your servant", "et" is the direct object marker, "asher" means "that/what", "okhal" means "I eat", "ve'et" means "and", "eshteh" means "I will drink", "im" means "if", "eshma" means "I hear", "od" means "again", "bekol" means "the voice of", "shaarim" means "princes", "ve'sharot" means "and princesses", "ve'lamah" means "and why", "yihye" means "will be", "avdecha" again "your servant", "od" again "again", "lemasa" means "a burden", "el" means "to", "adoni" translates to "my Lord", "hamelekh" means "the king".
[2SA.19.37] For a short time your servant will cross the Jordan with the king, and why will the king reward me this recompense. [§]
Kim'at ya'avor avdekha et-hayarden et-hamelkh ve-lamah yigmeleni hamelek ha-gemu'lah hazot.
'Kim'at' means 'a little' or 'a short time', 'ya'avor' means 'will pass' or 'will cross', 'avdekha' means 'your servant' (masculine singular), 'et-hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'et-hamelkh' means 'the king', 've-lamah' means 'and why', 'yigmeleni' means 'will recompense me' or 'will reward me', 'hamelek' means 'the king', 'ha-gemu'lah' means 'the reward' or 'the recompense', 'hazot' means 'this'.
[2SA.19.38] Sit, please, your servant, and I shall die in my city with the grave of my father and mother; and behold, your servant like them will go with my Lord the king and do for him that which is good in your eyes. [§]
Yashav na avdecha ve'amut be'iri im kever avi ve'imi vehineh avdecha kim'ham ya'avor im-Adoni ha-melekh ve'aseh-lo et asher-tov be'einecha.
"Yashav" means "sit", "na" means "please", "avdecha" means "your servant", "ve'amut" means "and I shall die", "be'iri" means "in my city", "im" means "with", "kever" means "grave", "avi" means "my father", "ve'imi" means "and my mother", "vehineh" means "and behold", "avdecha" (second occurrence) means "your servant", "kim'ham" means "like them", "ya'avor" means "will go", "im-Adoni" means "with my Lord", "ha-melekh" means "the king", "ve'aseh-lo" means "and do for him", "asher-tov" means "that which is good", "be'einecha" means "in your eyes".
[2SA.19.39] And the king said, 'With me he will go as they (did); and I will do for him what is good in your eyes, and all that you choose for me I will do for you.' [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh itti yaavor kim'ham va'ani e'eseh lo et ha-tov be'einecha ve'chol asher tivchar alai e'eseh lakh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'itti' means 'with me', 'yaavor' means 'he will go' or 'will pass', 'kim'ham' means 'as they (did)', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'e'eseh' means 'I will do', 'lo' means 'for him', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha-tov' means 'the good', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 've'chol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tivchar' means 'you choose', 'alai' means 'upon me' or 'for me', 'e'eseh' again means 'I will do', 'lakh' means 'for you'.
[2SA.19.40] And all the people crossed the Jordan, and the king crossed, and the king kissed Barzilai, and he blessed him, and he returned to his place. [§]
Vayarbor kol haam et hayarden veha-melek avar vayishak ha-melek leBarzilai veyevarechehu vayashav limkono.
'Vayarbor' means 'and he passed/crossed', 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'veha-melek' means 'and the king', 'avar' means 'passed/crossed', 'vayishak' means 'and he kissed', the second 'ha-melek' repeats 'the king' as subject, 'leBarzilai' means 'to Barzilai', 'veyevarechehu' means 'and he blessed him', 'vayashav' means 'and he returned', 'limkono' means 'to his place'.
[2SA.19.41] And the king passed through Galilee, and Kimhan passed with him, and all the people of Judah and they passed over the king, and also half of the people of Israel. [§]
vayya'avor ha-melekh ha-gilgelei ve-kimhan avar immo ve-khol am Yehudah ve-ya'aviru et ha-melekh vegam khatsi am Yisrael.
'vayya'avor' means 'and he passed', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'ha-gilgelei' means 'of Galilee', 've-kimhan' is a proper name (Kimhan), 'avar' means 'passed', 'immo' means 'with him', 've-khol' means 'and all', 'am' means 'people', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 've-ya'aviru' means 'and they will pass over', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-melekh' again 'the king', 'vegam' means 'also', 'khatsi' means 'half', 'am' means 'people', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.19.42] And behold, all men of Israel came to the king and said to the king, Why your thief our brother, a man of Judah? And they crossed the king and his house the Jordan, and all men of David with him. [§]
vehineh kol ish Yisrael baim el ha-melekh vayomru el ha-melekh madua gnavucha achenu ish Yehudah vayaaru et ha-melekh ve-et beito et haYarden ve-kol anshei David immo.
'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'kol' means 'all', 'ish' means 'man', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'baim' means 'they came', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vayomru' means 'they said', 'madua' means 'why', 'gnavucha' means 'your thief', 'achenu' means 'our brother', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'vayaaru' means 'they crossed', 'et' is the accusative particle (not translated), 'ha-melekh' again means 'the king', 've-et' means 'and the', 'beito' means 'his house', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 've-kol' means 'and all', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'David' means 'David', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[2SA.19.43] And every man of Judah answered every man of Israel, 'Because the king is near me, why is this anger toward you about this matter? The eating we have taken from the king—if it is to be lifted up for us?' [§]
Vaya'an kol-ish Yehudah al-ish Yisrael ki karov hamelekh elai ve-lamma zeh charah lekha al-hadavar hazeh heachol achalnu min-hamelekh im-nisse nisa lanu.
'Vaya'an' means 'and answered', 'kol' means 'every', 'ish' means 'man', 'Yehudah' is the name Judah, 'al' means 'against' or 'upon', 'Yisrael' is the name Israel, 'ki' means 'because', 'karov' means 'near' or 'approaching', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'elai' means 'to me', 've-lamma' means 'and why', 'zeh' means 'this', 'charah' means 'is angry', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'al' means 'about', 'hadavar' means 'the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'heachol' means 'the eating' (as a noun), 'achalnu' means 'we have eaten', 'min' means 'from', 'hamelekh' again 'the king', 'im' means 'if', 'nisse' (from 'nisa') means 'be raised' or 'be lifted', 'nisa' means 'be taken up', 'lanu' means 'to us'. No divine name appears in this verse, so the standard translations of God names are not used here.
[2SA.19.44] And a man of Israel answered the man of Judah and said, 'Ten hands are mine in the king, and also in David I am from you; why have you humbled me, and my word was not the first for me to restore my king, and the man of Judah’s word is from the word of the man of Israel.' [§]
Vayya'an ish-Yisrael et-ish Yehudah vayomer 'eser-yadot li ba-melekh ve-gam be-David ani mimkha umadu'a hekilotani velo-hayah devari rishon li le-hashiv et-malki vayikesh dvar ish Yehudah midvar ish Yisrael.
'Vayya'an' means 'and he answered', 'ish-Yisrael' means 'man of Israel', 'et-ish' means 'to the man', 'Yehudah' is the personal name Judah, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', ''eser-yadot' means 'ten hands', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'ba-melekh' means 'in the king', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'be-David' means 'in David', 'ani' means 'I', 'mimkha' means 'from you', 'umadu'a' means 'and why', 'hekilotani' means 'have you humbled me', 'velo-hayah' means 'and it was not', 'devari' means 'my word', 'rishon' means 'first', 'li' means 'to me', 'le-hashiv' means 'to restore', 'et-malki' means 'my king', 'vayikesh' means 'and he bound/secured', 'dvar' means 'the word', 'ish Yehudah' means 'man of Judah', 'midvar' means 'from the word', 'ish Yisrael' means 'man of Israel'.
2SA.20
[2SA.20.1] And there was called a worthless man, and his name was Sheba son of Bichri, a right‑hand man, and he sounded the trumpet and said, "We have no share in David, nor inheritance for us in the son of Jesse, a man to his tent Israel." [§]
Ve-sham nikra ish be-li-ya'al u-shemo Sheva ben-Bichri ish ye-mi'ni vayitka ba-shofar vayomer ein-lanu chelek be-David velo nachala-lanu be-ben-Yishai ish le-oha'lav Yisrael.
'Ve-sham' means 'and there', 'nikra' means 'was called', 'ish' means 'man', 'be-li-ya'al' means 'of no value' or 'worthless', 'u-shemo' means 'and his name', 'Sheva' is a personal name, 'ben-Bichri' means 'son of Bichri', 'ye-mi'ni' means 'right-hand' or 'my right', 'vayitka' means 'and he sounded', 'ba-shofar' means 'the trumpet', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ein-lanu' means 'we have no', 'chelek' means 'share' or 'portion', 'be-David' means 'in David', 'velo' means 'and not', 'nachala-lanu' means 'inheritance for us', 'be-ben-Yishai' means 'in the son of Jesse', 'ish' means 'man', 'le-oha'lav' means 'to his tent', 'Yisrael' is the name 'Israel'.
[2SA.20.2] And all the people of Israel went up after David, after the seven son of Bichri, and the men of Judah clung to their king from the Jordan to Jerusalem. [§]
Vaya'al kol ish Yisrael me-acharei David acharei sheva ben-Bichri ve-ish Yehudah davku be-malkam min haYarden ve-ad Yerushalayim.
'Vaya'al' means 'and went up', 'kol' means 'all', 'ish' means 'man' or 'person', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'me-acharei' means 'after' (literally 'from after'), 'David' is the name David, 'acharei' again means 'after', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'ben-Bichri' means 'son of Bichri', 've-' is the conjunction 'and', 'ish Yehudah' means 'man of Judah' (or 'the men of Judah'), 'davku' means 'clung' or 'held fast', 'be-malkam' means 'to their king', 'min' means 'from', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 've-ad' means 'and up to', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem'.
[2SA.20.3] And David came to his house in Jerusalem, and the king took ten women, pilagshim, who he had placed to guard the house, and he gave them to a house of guard, and he gathered them, and to them he did not come, and they became chains until the appointed day of widowhood life. [§]
Vayavo David el-beito Yerushalem vayikach hamelekh et eser-nashim pilagshim asher hinniach lishmor habayit vayittenem beit-mishmeret vayekalkelem ve'elehem lo-ba vati'hyun tzerorot ad-yom mutan almenut chayut.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'David' is the personal name David, 'el-beito' means 'to his house', 'Yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'eser-nashim' means 'ten women', 'pilagshim' refers to a group of women (servants or attendants), 'asher' means 'who/that', 'hinniach' means 'he placed', 'lishmor' means 'to guard', 'habayit' means 'the house', 'vayittenem' means 'and he gave them', 'beit-mishmeret' means 'house of guard', 'vayekalkelem' means 'and he gathered them', 've'elehem' means 'and to them', 'lo-ba' means 'did not come', 'vati'hyun' means 'and they became', 'tzerorot' means 'chains' or 'bondage', 'ad-yom' means 'until the day', 'mutan' means 'appointed', 'almenut' means 'widowhood', 'chayut' means 'life'.
[2SA.20.4] And the king said to Amassa, Cry out to me concerning the man of Judah for three days, and you stand here. [§]
Vayomer ha melekh el-Amassa ha-za-ek li et-ish Yehudah shloshet yamim ve-ata po amad.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'Amassa' is a proper name, 'ha-za-ek' means 'cry out', 'li' means 'to me', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ish' means 'man', 'Yehudah' means 'of Judah', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 've-ata' means 'and you', 'po' means 'here', 'amad' means 'stand'.
[2SA.20.5] And Amassa went to provoke Judah, and he fled from the appointed time which he had set. [§]
Vayeilekh Amassa lehaz'ik et Yehudah vayocher min ha-mo'ed asher ye'ado.
'Vayeilekh' means 'and he went', 'Amassa' is a personal name, 'lehaz'ik' means 'to provoke', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English word), 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'vayocher' means 'and he fled', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-mo'ed' means 'the appointed time' or 'the set meeting', 'asher' means 'which', 'ye'ado' means 'he appointed' or 'he set'.
[2SA.20.6] And David said to Abishai, 'Now let us pursue the seven of Bichri from Absalom. Take the servants of your Lord and chase after them, lest they find cities in the hills and save our eyes.' [§]
Vayomer David el-Avishai attah yera lanu sheva ben-Bichri min-Avshalom attah kach et-avdei adonecha urdef acharei lo pen matza lo arim be-tzurot vehitzil einenu.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'el-Avishai' means 'to Abishai', 'attah' means 'now', 'yera' means 'let [it] be troubled' i.e., 'let us pursue', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'sheva' means 'the seven', 'ben-Bichri' means 'son(s) of Bichri', 'min-Avshalom' means 'from Absalom', 'kach' means 'take', 'et-avdei' means 'the servants of', 'adonecha' means 'your Lord', 'urdef' means 'and pursue/chase', 'acharei' means 'after', 'lo' means 'him/it', 'pen' means 'lest', 'matza' means 'he finds', 'arim' means 'cities', 'be-tzurot' means 'in the hills', 'vehitzil' means 'and save/protect', 'einenu' means 'our eyes' i.e., 'our safety'.
[2SA.20.7] And after them went out the men of Joab, the Karetite, the Pelite, and all the mighty men; and they went out from Jerusalem to pursue Sheva son of Bichri. [§]
Vayetseu acharyav anshei Yoav vehakereti vehapleti vechol hagiborim vayetseu mirYerushalayim lirdof acharei Sheva benBikri.
'Vayetseu' means 'and they went out', 'acharyav' means 'after him', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'Yoav' is the name 'Joab', 'vehakereti' means 'and the Karetite', 'vehapleti' means 'and the Pelite', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'hagiborim' means 'the mighty men', the second 'vayetseu' repeats 'and they went out', 'mirYerushalayim' means 'from Jerusalem', 'lirdof' means 'to pursue', 'acharei' means 'after', 'Sheva' is a personal name, 'benBikri' means 'son of Bichri'.
[2SA.20.8] They with the great stone that was in Gibeon, and Amassa came before them, and Joab girded his loins, and he placed a sword belt fastened on his thigh in its sheath, and he went out and it fell. [§]
hem im ha'even hagedolah asher beGiv'on veAmassa ba lifneyhem vYoav chagur mi-do levushu ve'alav chagor cherav metsummedet al-matnav be-ta'arah vehu yatza vatipol.
'hem' means 'they', 'im' means 'with', 'ha'even' means 'the stone', 'hagedolah' means 'the great', 'asher' means 'that', 'beGiv'on' means 'in Gibeon', 'veAmassa' means 'and Amassa', 'ba' means 'came', 'lifneyhem' means 'before them', 'vYoav' means 'and Joab', 'chagur' means 'girded', 'mi-do' means 'his loins', 'levushu' means 'his garment', 've'alav' means 'and placed', 'chagor' means 'a belt', 'cherav' means 'a sword', 'metsummedet' means 'secured/fastened', 'al-matnav' means 'on his thigh', 'be-ta'arah' means 'in its sheath', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'yatza' means 'went out', 'vatipol' means 'and it fell'.
[2SA.20.9] And Yoav said to Amashah, 'Peace, you are my brother,' and he seized Yoav's right hand in Amashah's beard to kiss him. [§]
vayomer Yoav laAmasa hashalom attah achi vatohezh yad-yamin Yoav bizkan Amasa linshak-lo.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yoav' is a proper name (Yoav), 'laAmasa' means 'to Amashah', 'hashalom' means 'peace', 'attah' means 'you', 'achi' means 'my brother', 'vatohezh' means 'and he held' or 'and he seized', 'yad-yamin' means 'right hand', 'Yoav' again is the name Yoav, 'bizkan' means 'in the beard', 'Amasa' means 'of Amashah', 'linshak-lo' means 'to kiss him'.
[2SA.20.10] And Amasha was not guarded by the sword that was in the hand of Yoav and he struck him with it to the sun and he poured from his mouth onto the earth and did not spare him and he died Suvoav and Abishai his brother pursued after the seven son of Bichri. [§]
vaamasa lo-nishmar baherev asher beyad Yoav vayakkehu bah el hachomesh vayishpokh meav eretzah velo-shanah lo vayamot suvoav vaavishai achiv radaph acharei sheva ben Bichri.
'vaamasa' means 'and Amasha', 'lo-nishmar' means 'was not guarded', 'baherev' means 'by the sword', 'asher' means 'that', 'beyad' means 'in the hand of', 'Yoav' is a proper name, 'vayakkehu' means 'and he struck him', 'bah' means 'with it', 'el' means 'to', 'hachomesh' means 'the sun', 'vayishpokh' means 'and he spilled', 'meav' means 'from his mouth', 'eretzah' means 'the earth', 'velo-shanah' means 'and did not spare', 'lo' means 'him', 'vayamot' means 'and he died', 'suvoav' is a proper name, 'vaavishai' means 'and Abishai', 'achiv' means 'his brother', 'radaph' means 'chased after', 'acharei' means 'after', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Bichri' is a proper name.
[2SA.20.11] And a man stood against him from the youths of Joab and said, Who is it that desires Joab, and who is it that follows after David? [§]
veish amad alav minaarey Yoav vayomer mi asher chafetz beYoav umi asher leDavid acharei Yoav.
'veish' means 'and a man', 'amad' means 'stood', 'alav' means 'against him', 'minaarey' means 'from the youths/servants', 'Yoav' is the proper name Joab, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'mi' means 'who', 'asher' means 'is it that', 'chafetz' means 'desires' or 'wants', 'beYoav' means 'in Joab' (here idiomatically 'against Joab'), 'umi' means 'and who', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'acharei' means 'after' or 'behind'. No divine titles appear in this verse, so no special name translations are applied.
[2SA.20.12] And Amassa was rolling in blood within the road, and the man saw that all the people had stopped, and he turned Amassa away from the road into the field, and he threw a garment over him as everyone who came upon him saw, and he stood. [§]
va'amasa mitgolel ba-dam betoch ha-mesillah vay-are ha-ish ki-amat kol-ha-am vayassev et-amasa min ha-mesillah ha-sade vayashlekh alav beged ke'ashar ra'ah kol-ha-ba alav ve'amad.
'va'amasa' means 'and Amassa', 'mitgolel' means 'was rolling', 'ba-dam' means 'in blood', 'betoch' means 'within', 'ha-mesillah' means 'the road/track', 'vay-are' means 'and saw', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'ki-amat' means 'that all', 'kol-ha-am' means 'the people', 'vayassev' means 'he turned', 'et-amasa' means 'Amassa', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-sade' means 'the field', 'vayashlekh' means 'he threw', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'beged' means 'a garment', 'ke'ashar' means 'as', 'ra'ah' means 'he saw', 'kol-ha-ba' means 'all who came', 've'amad' means 'and stood'.
[2SA.20.13] As he turned away from the road, every man passed after Joab to pursue after Sheba son of Bichri. [§]
ka'asher hogah min-ham'silla avar kol-ish acharei Yoav lirdof acharei Sheva ben Bikri.
'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'like', 'hogah' means 'turned away', 'min-ham'silla' means 'from the road' (min = from, ha = the, silla = road), 'avar' means 'passed' or 'went across', 'kol-ish' means 'every man', 'acharei' means 'after' or 'behind', 'Yoav' is the proper name Joab, 'lirdof' means 'to pursue' (to chase), 'acharei' again means 'after', 'Sheva' is a proper name (Sheba), 'ben' means 'son of', and 'Bikri' is the proper name Bichri.
[2SA.20.14] And he passed through all the tribes of Israel, Avelah and the house of Ma'acha, and all the surrounding people gathered around him and came after him. [§]
Vaya'avor bechol-shevetey Yisrael Avelah u'veit Ma'acha vechol-haberim suva-yiqqalhu vayyavo af-aharav.
'Vaya'avor' means 'and he passed', 'bechol' means 'through all', 'shevetey' means 'the tribes of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'Avelah' is a proper name left untranslated, 'uveit' means 'and the house of', 'Ma'acha' is a proper name left untranslated, 'vechol' means 'and all', 'haberim' means 'the neighbors' or 'the surrounding people', 'suva-yiqqalhu' means 'gathered around him', 'vayyavo' means 'and they came', 'af-aharav' means 'after him'.
[2SA.20.15] They came and besieged him in the valley, the house of oppression, and they poured a flood upon the city; it stood in the waste, and all the people who were with Joab destroyed the wall. [§]
vayavo'u vayatzuru alav be'avelah beit ha-ma'acha vayishpeku solla el-ha'ir vata'amod ba'chel ve'kol ha'am asher et-yoav mashchitim le-hapil ha-choma.
'vayavo'u' means 'they came', 'vayatzuru' means 'and they surrounded' or 'besieged', 'alav' means 'against him', 'be'avelah' means 'in the valley', 'beit' means 'the house of', 'ha-ma'acha' means 'the oppression' or 'the crushing', 'vayishpeku' means 'they poured out', 'solla' means 'a torrent' or 'a flood', 'el' means 'upon', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'vata'amod' means 'and it stood', 'ba'chel' means 'in the field' (literally 'in the waste'), 've'kol' means 'and all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'et-yoav' means 'the [people] of Joab' (Joab being a commander), 'mashchitim' means 'they destroyed' or 'they ruined', 'le-hapil' means 'to bring down', 'ha-choma' means 'the wall'.
[2SA.20.16] And a wise woman called from the city, 'Listen, listen, say please to Joab, draw near here, and I will speak to you.' [§]
Vatikra isha chachma min ha'ir shim'u shim'u imru na el Yoav kerav ad hena va'adavra eilekha.
'Vatikra' means 'and she called', 'isha' means 'woman', 'chachma' means 'wise', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'shim'u' means 'listen' (repeated for emphasis), 'imru' means 'say', 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please', 'el' means 'to', 'Yoav' is a personal name, 'kerav' means 'draw near' or 'come close', 'ad' means 'until', 'hena' means 'here', 'va'adavra' means 'and I will speak', 'eilekha' means 'to you'.
[2SA.20.17] And he drew near to her, and the woman said, 'Are you Joab?' He said, 'I am.' She said to him, 'Listen to the words of your mother.' He said, 'I am listening.' [§]
vayikrav eileha vataomer haisha hatta yoav vayomer ani vataomer lo shema dibrei amatekha vayomer shomea anochi.
'vayikrav' means 'and he drew near', 'eileha' means 'to her', 'vataomer' means 'and she said', 'haisha' means 'the woman', 'hatta' means 'are you', 'yoav' is the personal name Joab, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ani' means 'I am', 'lo' means 'to him', 'shem'a' means 'listen', 'dibrei' means 'the words of', 'amatekha' means 'your mother', 'shomea' means 'listening', 'anochi' means 'I'.
[2SA.20.18] And she said, 'Speak, they will speak at first, to say, Ask, they will ask in trouble, and so they perished.' [§]
vata'omer le'emor dabar yidabru varishonah le'emor shaal yesh'alu be'avel veken hetamu.
'vata'omer' means 'and she said', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'dabar' means 'speak', 'yidabru' means 'they will speak', 'varishonah' means 'at first', 'le'emor' means 'to say' (again), 'shaal' means 'ask', 'yesh'alu' means 'they will ask', 'be'avel' means 'in trouble', 'veken' means 'and so', 'hetamu' means 'they perished'.
[2SA.20.19] I, the peace of the faithful of Israel, you are seeking to kill a city and a mother in Israel; why do you devour the inheritance of Yahveh. [§]
Anochi shelumei emunei Yisrael attah mevakesh lehamit ir ve'em beYisrael lama tevalah nachalat Yahveh
'Anochi' means 'I', 'shelumei' means 'the peace/completeness', 'emunei' means 'of the faithful', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'attah' means 'you', 'mevakesh' means 'are seeking', 'lehamit' means 'to kill', 'ir' means 'a city', 've'em' means 'and a mother', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 'lama' means 'why', 'tevalah' means 'you devour/consume', 'nachalat' means 'the inheritance', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[2SA.20.20] And Job answered and said, 'Woe, woe to me, if I should be destroyed and if I should also be ruined.' [§]
vayya'an Yoav vayomar chalila chalila li im avalla ve'im ashchit.
'vayya'an' means 'and he answered', 'Yoav' is the name 'Job', 'vayomar' means 'and he said', 'chalila' means 'woe' (repeated for emphasis), 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'im' means 'if', 'avalla' is the verb 'I should be blotted out/destroyed', 've'im' means 'and if', 'ashchit' is the verb 'I should also be ruined/destroyed'.
[2SA.20.21] Not so is the matter, because a man from the mountain of Ephraim, seven, the son of Bichri, whose name is Nasa, raised his hand against the king David; give him alone, and I will go out of the city. And the woman said to Joab, Behold, his head is cast to you over the wall. [§]
Lo-ken ha-davar ki ish me-har Efrayim sheva ben Bichri shmo nasa yado ba-melekh be-David tenu oto le-vedho ve-elekha me'al ha-ir va-tomer ha-isha el-Yoav hineh rosho mushlach eilekha be-ad ha-chomah.
'Lo-ken' means 'not so', 'ha-davar' means 'the matter', 'ki' means 'because', 'ish' means 'a man', 'me-har' means 'from the mountain', 'Efrayim' is a proper name 'Ephraim', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'ben Bichri' means 'son of Bichri', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'nasa' means 'raised', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'ba-melekh' means 'against the king', 'be-David' means 'of David', 'tenu' means 'give', 'oto' means 'him', 'le-vedho' means 'alone', 've-elekha' means 'and I will go out', 'me'al' means 'from', 'ha-ir' means 'the city', 'va-tomer' means 'and said', 'ha-isha' means 'the woman', 'el-Yoav' means 'to Joab', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'rosho' means 'his head', 'mushlach' means 'is cast', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'be-ad' means 'by the/over', 'ha-chomah' means 'the wall'.
[2SA.20.22] The woman went to the whole assembly with her wisdom, and they cut off the head of Sheba son of Bichri and threw it to Yoav; they sounded the horn, and they were scattered from the city, each to his own tent. And Yoav returned to Jerusalem to the king. [§]
Vattavo ha'isha el kol ha'am bechokhmatah vayikhratu et rosh sheva ben Bichri vayashlikhu el Yoav vayitka bashofar vayaputsu me'al ha'ir ish le'ohavav veyoav shav Yerushalam el ha'melekh.
'Vattavo' means 'and she went', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'el' means 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'bechokhmatah' means 'with her wisdom', 'vayikhratu' means 'and they cut off', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'rosh' means 'head', 'sheva' is the name Sheba, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Bichri' is the name Bichri, 'vayashlikhu' means 'and they threw', 'el' means 'to', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'vayitka' means 'and they sounded', 'bashofar' means 'the trumpet/horn', 'vayaputsu' means 'and they were scattered', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'ish' means 'each', 'le'ohavav' means 'to his tent', 'veYoav' means 'and Yoav', 'shav' means 'returned', 'Yerushalam' means 'Jerusalem', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'melekh' means 'the king'.
[2SA.20.23] and Joab over all the army of Israel, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites. [§]
veYoav el kol-hatzava Yisrael uV'nayah ben-Yehoiada al-hakeri ve'al-hapleti.
'veYoav' means 'and Joab', 'el' here functions as a preposition meaning 'over' indicating authority, 'kol-hatzava' means 'all the host' (the army), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'uV'nayah' means 'and Benaiah', 'ben-Yehoiada' means 'son of Jehoiada', 'al-hakeri' means 'over the Cherethites', 've'al-hapleti' means 'and over the Pelethites'.
[2SA.20.24] Adoram over the burden, and Yehoshafat son of Achilud the memorial. [§]
va'adoram al-hamas viYehoshafat ben-achilud hamazkir.
'va'adoram' means 'and Adoram', a personal name; 'al' means 'upon' or 'over'; 'hamas' means 'the burden' or 'the yoke'; 'viYehoshafat' means 'and Yehoshafat', another personal name; 'ben' means 'son of'; 'achilud' is the name 'Achilud'; 'hamazkir' means 'the memorial' or 'the remembering'.
[2SA.20.25] Ushiya the scribe and Tzadok and Evyatar, priests. [§]
Ushiya sofer vTzadok vEvyatar kohanim.
'Ushiya' is a proper name, 'sofer' means 'scribe' or 'writer', 'v' means 'and', 'Tzadok' is a proper name meaning 'righteous', 'Evyatar' is a proper name, and 'kohanim' means 'priests'. The phrase lists these individuals as priests.
[2SA.20.26] And also Ira the Jairite was a priest to David. [§]
vegam Ira hayairi hayah kohen leDavid.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'Ira' is a proper name, 'hayairi' means 'the Jairite' (one from Jair), 'hayah' means 'was', 'kohen' means 'priest', 'leDavid' means 'to David' or 'of David', indicating service to David.
2SA.21
[2SA.21.1] And there was famine in the days of David three years, a year after a year, and David sought the face of Yahveh; then Yahveh said to Saul and to the house of the blood because he had killed the Gibeonites. [§]
Vayehi ra'av bi-mey David shalosh shanim shana acharai shana vayevaqesh David et-p'nei Yahveh vayomer Yahveh el Shaul ve'el beit ha-damim al asher hem-it et-hagiv'onim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'ra'av' means 'famine', 'bi-mey' means 'in the days of', 'David' is the personal name David, 'shalosh' means 'three', 'shanim' means 'years', 'shana' means 'year', 'acharai' means 'after', the phrase 'shalosh shanim shana acharai shana' conveys 'three years, a year after a year', 'vayevaqesh' means 'and David sought', 'et-p'nei' means 'the face of' (idiomatically 'the presence of'), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 've'el' means 'and to', 'beit' means 'house', 'ha-damim' means 'the blood' (referring to a house of bloodshed), 'al' means 'because of', 'asher' means 'that which', 'hem-it' means 'he killed', 'et-hagiv'onim' means 'the Gibeonites'.
[2SA.21.2] And the king called to the Gibeonites and said to them, the Gibeonites are not from the children of Israel; they are the remaining Amorites, and the children of Israel have sworn to them. Then Saul sought to strike them out of his jealousy toward the children of Israel and Judah. [§]
vayikra hamelekh lagivonim vayomer aleihem vehigivonim lo mibnei Yisrael hemmah ki im-miyeter ha'amori uvenei Yisrael nishba'u lahem vayavakesh Shaul le-hakotam be-kanoto libnei-Yisrael viYehuda.
'vayikra' means 'and he called'; 'hamelekh' means 'the king'; 'lagivonim' means 'to the Gibeonites'; 'vayomer' means 'and he said'; 'aleihem' means 'to them'; 'vehigivonim' means 'and the Gibeonites'; 'lo' means 'not'; 'mibnei' means 'from the children of'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'hemmah' means 'they are'; 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'; 'im-miyeter' means 'if any' or 'the remaining'; 'ha'amori' means 'the Amorite'; 'uvenei' means 'and the children of'; 'nishba'u' means 'they swore'; 'lahem' means 'to them'; 'vayavakesh' means 'and he sought'; 'Shaul' means 'Saul'; 'le-hakotam' means 'to strike them'; 'be-kanoto' means 'in his jealousy'; 'libnei-Yisrael' means 'to the children of Israel'; 'viYehuda' means 'and Judah'.
[2SA.21.3] And David said to the Gibeonites, what shall I do for you, and by what shall I atone, and bless the inheritance of Yahveh. [§]
Vayyomer David el hagivonim mah e'ese lakhem uvamma akapper uvarchu et nachalat Yahveh.
'Vayyomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'el' means 'to', 'hagivonim' means 'the Gibeonites', 'mah' means 'what', 'e'ese' means 'shall I do', 'lakhem' means 'for you', 'uvamma' means 'and with what' or 'by what', 'akapper' means 'shall I atone', 'uvarchu' means 'and bless', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'nachalat' means 'inheritance', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[2SA.21.4] And the Gibeonites said to him, 'We have no silver or gold with Saul and his house, and we have no man to kill in Israel.' And he said, 'What are you saying? I will do for you.' [§]
Vayomeru lo haggivonim ein lam kesef vezahav im shaul veim beito veein lanu ish lehamit beynisrael vayomer mah atem omrim e'ese lachem.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'haggivonim' means 'the Gibeonites', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'lam' means 'to them', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'vezahav' means 'and gold', 'im' means 'with', 'shaul' means 'Saul', 'veim' means 'and with', 'beito' means 'his house', 'veein' means 'and there is not', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'ish' means 'a man', 'lehamit' means 'to kill', 'beyisrael' means 'in Israel', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mah' means 'what', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'omrim' means 'are saying', 'e'ese' means 'I will do', 'lachem' means 'for you'.
[2SA.21.5] And they said to the king, the man who killed us and who died for us we were humbled from standing in all the border of Israel. [§]
Vayomeru el-hamelech ha'ish asher kilanu va'asher dimah-lanu nishmadenu me-hityatzav bechol-gevul Yisrael.
'Vayomeru' means 'And they said', 'el-hamelech' means 'to the king', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'kilanu' means 'killed us', 'va'asher' means 'and who/that', 'dimah-lanu' means 'died for us', 'nishmadenu' means 'we were humbled', 'me-hityatzav' means 'from standing', 'bechol-gevul' means 'in all the border', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.21.6] Will be given to us seven men of his sons and we will strike them to Yahveh on the hill of Saul in the courtyard of Yahveh then the king said I will give. [§]
Yunatan-lanu shiv'ah anashim mibanim ve-hoka'anum la-Yahveh be-giv`at Shaul be-chir Yahveh savoy amar ha-melekh ani eten.
'Yunatan' means 'will be given', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'shiv'ah' means 'seven', 'anashim' means 'men', 'mibanim' means 'from his sons', 've' means 'and', 'hokaanum' means 'we will strike them', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'be-giv`at' means 'on the hill of', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'be-chir' means 'in the courtyard of', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'savoy' means 'then', 'amar' means 'said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'ani' means 'I', 'eten' means 'will give'.
[2SA.21.7] And the king had compassion on Mepi-Boshet son of Jonathan son of Saul because of the covenant of Yahveh that was between them, between David and between Jonathan son of Saul. [§]
Vayachmol ha-melekh al-Mepi-Boshet ben-Yehonatan ben-Shaul al-shevuat Yahveh asher beinetam bein David uvein Yehonatan ben-Shaul.
'Vayachmol' means 'and he had compassion', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'al' means 'on' or 'toward', 'Mepi-Boshet' is a personal name (no translation), 'ben' means 'son', 'Yehonatan' is the Hebrew form of 'Jonathan', 'Shaul' is the Hebrew form of 'Saul', 'al-shevuat' means 'because of the covenant', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'asher' means 'that', 'beinetam' means 'between them', 'bein' means 'between', 'David' is a proper name kept as is, 'uvein' means 'and between', 'Yehonatan ben-Shaul' repeats the phrase 'Jonathan son of Saul'.
[2SA.21.8] And the king took the two sons of Rizpah daughter of Aiah, who were born to Saul: Armoni and Mephibosheth, and the five sons of Michal daughter of Saul, who were born to Adriel son of Barzillai the Meholathite. [§]
Vayikach haMelekh et-shnei b'nei Ritspeh bat-Ayah asher yalda leSaul et-Armoni ve-et-Mephiboshet ve-et-chameshet b'nei Michal bat-Saul asher yalda leAdriel ben-Barzillai haMecholati.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'shnei' means 'two', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Ritspeh' is the proper name Rizpah, 'bat' means 'daughter of', 'Ayah' is the proper name Aiah, 'asher' means 'who', 'yalda' means 'was born to' (or 'who gave birth to'), 'leSaul' means 'to Saul', 'et' again marks the following names as objects, 'Armoni' and 'Mephiboshet' are proper names, 've-et' means 'and', 'chameshet' means 'five', 'b'nei' again 'sons of', 'Michal' is a proper name, 'bat-Saul' means 'daughter of Saul', 'leAdriel' means 'to Adriel', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Barzillai' is a proper name, 'haMecholati' means 'the Meholathite' (a regional designation).
[2SA.21.9] They gave them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they struck them on the hill before Yahveh, and they fell seven together, and they were killed in the days of the early harvest, the beginning of the barley harvest. [§]
vayittenem beyd hagiv'onim vayoki'um ba-har lifnei Yahveh vayiplu shiv'atam yachad vehem humtu bimey katsir barishonim techilat ketsir se'orim.
'vayittenem' means 'they gave', 'beyad' means 'into the hand of', 'hagiv'onim' means 'the Gibeonites', 'vayoki'um' means 'and they struck', 'ba-har' means 'on the hill', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'vayiplu' means 'they fell', 'shiv'atam' means 'seven together', 'yachad' means 'together', 'vehem' means 'and they', 'humtu' means 'were killed', 'bimey' means 'in the days of', 'katsir' means 'harvest', 'barishonim' means 'the early', 'techilat' means 'the beginning of', 'ketsir' means 'harvest', 'se'orim' means 'of barley'.
[2SA.21.10] And she took Ritzpah, daughter of a vulture, the sack, and she threw it to her toward the rock from the beginning of the harvest until water was cut off from them from the heavens, and the birds of the heavens did not rest upon them day, and the beasts of the field night. [§]
vatikka ritzpah bat ayah et hasaq vatatehu lah el hatzur mit'chilat katsir ad nitach mayim aleihem min hashamaim velo-natnah of hashamaim lanuch aleihem yomam ve-et chayat hasadeh layla
'vatikka' means 'and she took', 'ritzpah' is a proper name (a place or person), 'bat' means 'daughter', 'ayah' means 'of a vulture' (or eagle), 'et' is the accusative marker with no direct translation, 'hasaq' means 'the sack', 'vatatehu' means 'and she threw it', 'lah' means 'to her' or 'for her', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'hatzur' means 'the rock', 'mit'chilat' means 'from the beginning of', 'katsir' means 'harvest', 'ad' means 'until', 'nitach' means 'was cut off', 'mayim' means 'water', 'al eihem' means 'upon them', 'min' means 'from', 'hashamaim' means 'the heavens', 'velo-natnah' means 'and did not give', 'of' means 'bird', 'hashamaim' again 'of the heavens', 'lanuch' means 'to rest', 'al eihem' again 'upon them', 'yomam' means 'day', 've-et' means 'and', 'chayat' means 'beasts', 'hasadeh' means 'of the field', 'layla' means 'night'.
[2SA.21.11] It was reported to David what Rithpah, the daughter of Aia, had done to Saul. [§]
Vayugad leDavid et asher-asata Rithpah bat Aia Pilgesh Shaul.
'Vayugad' means 'and it was reported'; 'leDavid' means 'to David'; 'et' is the direct‑object marker (often left untranslated); 'asher' means 'which' or 'what'; 'asata' means 'she did' or 'she has done'; 'Rithpah' is a personal name; 'bat' means 'daughter'; 'Aia' is a personal name; 'Pilgesh' is a personal name (likely a place or clan name); 'Shaul' is the name Saul.
[2SA.21.12] And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of his son Jonathan from the owners of Yabeish Gilad, which the Philistines had stolen from the house of Sha, that place where the Philistines buried them, on the day the Philistines killed Saul at Gilboa. [§]
Vayelech David vayikach et-atzmot Shaul ve-et-atzmot Yonatan beno me'et Ba'alei Yabeish Gilad asher ganvu otam merchov beit-Shan asher telum sham haPhilistim beyom hakot Philistim et-Shaul bagilboa.
'Vayelech' means 'and went', 'David' is the proper name David, 'vayikach' means 'and took', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'atzmot' means 'bones', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 've' means 'and', 'atzmot' again 'bones', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'beno' means 'his son', 'me'et' means 'from', 'Ba'alei' means 'the owners of', 'Yabeish' is a place name, 'Gilad' is a region name, 'asher' means 'that', 'ganvu' means 'they stole', 'otam' means 'them', 'merchov' means 'from the house of', 'beit-Shan' means 'the house of Sha', 'asher' again 'that', 'telum' means 'they buried', 'sham' means 'there', 'haPhilistim' means 'the Philistines', 'beyom' means 'in the day', 'hakot' means 'of the killing', 'Philistim' again 'Philistines', 'et' direct object marker, 'Shaul' 'Saul', 'bagilboa' means 'at Gilboa'.
[2SA.21.13] And they carried up from there the bones of Saul and the bones of his son Jonathan, and they gathered the bones of the others. [§]
Vaya'al misham et-atzmot Shaul ve'et-atzmot Yehonatan bno vay'assefu et-atzmot hamuqaim.
'Vaya'al' means 'and (they) went up' or 'carried up'; 'misham' means 'from there'; 'et' is the direct object marker; 'atzmot' means 'bones'; 'Shaul' is the name Saul; 've' is the conjunction 'and'; 'Yehonatan' is the name Jonathan; 'bno' means 'his son'; 'vay'assefu' means 'and they gathered/collected'; 'hamuqaim' is a plural noun meaning 'the (people) of the city' or 'the slain ones', depending on context. The overall sense is that the bodies (bones) of Saul and his son Jonathan were taken up from the place, and the bones of the others from the city were also gathered.
[2SA.21.14] They buried the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son in the land of Benjamin at Zela in the grave of Kish his father, and they did all that the king commanded, and the Gods rose to the land after that. [§]
vayyikberu et atzmot Shaul viYhonatan beno be-eretz binyaman be-tzela be-kever Kish aviv vayasu kol asher tziva ha-melekh vaye'ater Elohim la-aretz acharei ken.
'vayyikberu' means 'they buried', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'atzmot' means 'bones', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'viYhonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'beno' means 'his son', 'be-eretz' means 'in the land', 'binyaman' means 'of Benjamin', 'be-tzela' means 'at Zela', 'be-kever' means 'in the grave', 'Kish' is the personal name Kish, 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayasu' means 'and they did', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that', 'tziva' means 'ordered', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vaye'ater' means 'and [he] arose/awoke', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'la-aretz' means 'to the land', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ken' means 'that'.
[2SA.21.15] And there was again war against the Philistines on Israel, and David went down and his servants with him, and they fought the Philistines, and David was angry. [§]
Vatehi od milchamah la-Pelishtim et Yisrael vayered David vaavadav immo vayilachamu et Pelishtim vaya'af David.
'Vatehi' means 'and there was', 'od' means 'again' or 'still', 'milchamah' means 'war', 'la-Pelishtim' means 'against the Philistines', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayered' means 'and he went down', 'David' is the name David, 'vaavadav' means 'and his servants', 'immo' means 'with him', 'vayilachamu' means 'and they fought', the second 'et' is again the object marker, 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', and 'vaya'af' means 'and David was angry (or expressed anger)'.
[2SA.21.16] And Ishbi Benob who in the wombs of weakness and weight of his arm three hundred weight of bronze and he a new girdle and he said to strike David. [§]
Veyishbi benob asher bildei harapah umishkal keino shlosh meot mishkal nechoshet vehu chagur chadashah vayomer lehakot et-david.
'Veyishbi' means 'and Ishbi', a personal name element. 'benob' is the name Benob. 'asher' means 'who' or 'that'. 'bildei' means 'in the wombs of' (literally 'in the births of'). 'harapah' means 'the weakness' or 'the infirmity' (the root denotes 'softness' or 'weakness'). 'umishkal' means 'and weight'. 'keino' means 'his arm' (literally 'his hand' or 'his strength'). 'shlosh' means 'three'. 'meot' means 'hundred'. 'mishkal' repeats 'weight'. 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'. 'vehu' means 'and he'. 'chagur' means 'was girded' or 'was surrounded'. 'chadashah' means 'new' (feminine). 'vayomer' means 'and he said'. 'lehakot' means 'to strike' or 'to kill'. 'et-david' means 'David' with the direct object marker 'et'.
[2SA.21.17] And Avishai son of Tzeruya helped him, and he struck the Philistine and killed him. Then the men of David swore to him, saying, 'You shall not go out again with us to war, and you shall not extinguish the lamp of Israel.' [§]
Vayazar lo Avishai ben Tzeruya vayak et haplishti vayemitehu az nishbeu anshei David lo leemor lo tetze od itanu lamilchamah velo techabeh et ner Yisrael.
'Vayazar' means 'and he helped', 'lo' means 'him', 'Avishai' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Tzeruya' is a proper name, 'vayak' means 'and he struck', 'et' is the object marker, 'haplishti' means 'the Philistine', 'vayemitehu' means 'and he killed him', 'az' means 'then', 'nishbeu' means 'they swore', 'anshei' means 'the men of', 'David' is a proper name, 'lo' means 'to him', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'lo' means 'not', 'tetze' means 'you shall go out', 'od' means 'again', 'itanu' means 'with us', 'lamilchamah' means 'to war', 'velo' means 'and not', 'techabeh' means 'you shall extinguish', 'et' object marker, 'ner' means 'lamp', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.21.18] And after that there was again war in battle with the Philistines; then Sibbkayi the Cushite struck Saf, who was among the weak. [§]
Vay'hi acharai-ken vatehi od ha-milchama be-gov im-Philistim az hikkah Sibbkayi ha-chushati et Saf asher bi-lide ha-raphah.
'Vay'hi' means 'and it was', 'acharai-ken' means 'after that', 'vatehi' means 'and it was', 'od' means 'again', 'ha-milchama' means 'the war', 'be-gov' means 'in battle', 'im-Philistim' means 'with the Philistines', 'az' means 'then', 'hikkah' means 'struck' or 'smote', 'Sibbkayi' is a personal name, 'ha-chushati' means 'the Cushite', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Saf' is a personal name, 'asher' means 'who', 'bi-lide' means 'in the offspring' or 'among the children', 'ha-raphah' means 'the weak' or 'the feeble'.
[2SA.21.19] And the war again broke out at Gobe with the Philistines, and Elchanan son of Yaarei of Orgim killed Galyat the Gittite, and his spear was like a lamp of Orgim. [§]
Vatehi od hamilchamah begov im Philistim vayyach Elchanan ben Yaarei Orgim beit halachmi et Galyat hagiti ve'etz chanito kimnor Orgim.
'Vatehi' means 'and it was', 'od' means 'again', 'hamilchamah' means 'the war', 'begov' means 'at Gobe', 'im' means 'with', 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'vayyach' means 'and he struck/killed', 'Elchanan' is a personal name meaning 'God is gracious' (but as a name we leave it as Elchanan), 'ben' means 'son of', 'Yaarei' is a personal name meaning 'forest', 'Orgim' is a place name, 'beit' means 'house of', 'halachmi' means 'the wheat' or 'bread', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Galyat' is a proper name, 'hagiti' means 'the Gittite', 've'etz' means 'and his spear/weapon', 'chanito' means 'its spear', 'kimnor' means 'like a lamp', 'Orgim' repeats the place name.
[2SA.21.20] And there was again war in Gat, and there was a man named Madon, and his fingers and his toes were six and six, twenty and four in number, and also he was born for looseness. [§]
Vattehi od milchamah begat vayhi ish madon ve-etza'ot yadav ve-etza'ot raglav shesh vashesh esrim ve'arba mispar vegam-hu yullad leharpah.
'Vattehi' means 'and it was', 'od' means 'again', 'milchamah' means 'war', 'begat' means 'in Gat', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'ish' means 'a man', 'madon' is a proper name (transliterated as is), 've-etza'ot' means 'and the fingers', 'yadav' means 'of his hand', 've-etza'ot' (second occurrence) means 'and the fingers', 'raglav' means 'of his foot', 'shesh' means 'six', 'vashesh' means 'and six', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 've'arba' means 'and four', 'mispar' means 'in number', 'vegam-hu' means 'and also he', 'yullad' means 'was born', 'leharpah' means 'for looseness' or 'to be slack'.
[2SA.21.21] And he burned Israel, and Jonathan son of Shimai, David's brother, struck him. [§]
Vaycharéf et Yisrael vayakkéhu Yonatan ben-Shimai achi David.
'Vaycharéf' means 'and he burned' (from the root cheref 'to incinerate'), 'et' is the accusative particle, 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayakkéhu' means 'and he struck him', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Shimai' is a personal name (Shimei), 'achi' means 'my brother', and 'David' is the personal name 'David'.
[2SA.21.22] These four were born for looseness in Gat and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants. [§]
et-arba'at eleh yulldu leharpah beGat vayiplu be-yad David u-be-yad avadav.
'et' is the direct object marker, 'arba'at' means 'four', 'eleh' means 'these', 'yulldu' means 'were born', 'leharpah' means 'for (the purpose of) loosen/relaxation', 'beGat' means 'in Gat', 'vayiplu' means 'and they fell', 'be-yad' means 'by the hand of', 'David' is the personal name, 'u-be-yad' means 'and by the hand of', 'avadav' means 'his servants'.
2SA.22
[2SA.22.1] And David spoke to Yahveh the words of this song on the day Yahveh delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. [§]
Vayedaber David laYahveh et-divrei ha-shira ha-zot be-yom hittzil Yahveh oto mikaf kol oyevav u-mikaf Shaul.
'Vayedaber' means 'and spoke', 'David' is the name David, 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'et-divrei' means 'the words of', 'ha-shira' means 'the song', 'ha-zot' means 'this', 'be-yom' means 'on the day', 'hittzil' means 'delivered', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'oto' means 'him', 'mikaf' means 'from the hand of', 'kol' means 'all', 'oyevav' means 'his enemies', 'u-mikaf' means 'and from the hand of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul.
[2SA.22.2] And said Yahveh, my rock and my fortress and my rescuer for me. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh sal'i u-mezudati u-mefalti-li.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'sal'i' means 'my rock', 'u-mezudati' means 'and my fortress' (the word mezudah means a strong place of defense), 'u-mefalti-li' means 'and my rescuer for me' (mefalti is from the verb 'to rescue' and the suffix -li means 'to me' or 'for me').
[2SA.22.3] God of my rock, I will take refuge in him, my shield and horn of my salvation, my rampart and my refuge, my savior, from violence you will save me. [§]
Elohei Tzuri echesa-bo magini ve'keren yishe'i misgabi u'menusi moshi'i mehamas toshieni.
'Elohei' means 'God of' (God as a generic term). 'Tzuri' means 'my rock' (rock as a strong support). 'echesa-bo' means 'I will take refuge in him'. 'magini' means 'my shield'. 've'keren' means 'and horn' (horn symbolizing strength). 'yishe'i' means 'my salvation'. 'misgabi' means 'my rampart' (a defensive wall). 'u'menusi' means 'and my refuge'. 'moshi'i' means 'my savior'. 'mehamas' means 'from violence'. 'toshieni' means 'will save me'.
[2SA.22.4] I will call Yahveh and I shall be saved from my enemies. [§]
Mehulal ekra Yahveh u-meoyvai ivvasha.
'Mehulal' means 'praise' or 'I will praise', 'ekra' means 'I will call' or 'cry out to', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'u-' means 'and', 'meoyvai' means 'from my enemies', 'ivvasha' means 'I will be saved'.
[2SA.22.5] For I am disgusted; the shatterings of death, the inheritances of the wicked, afflict me. [§]
ki apafuni mishb'rei-mavet nachalei beliyaal yevatuni.
'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'apafuni' is the first‑person singular form meaning 'I am disgusted' or 'I am repulsed', 'mishb'rei-mavet' combines 'mishber' (breakings, shatterings) with 'mavet' (death) to denote 'the shatterings of death', 'nachalei' is the construct plural of 'nachala' meaning 'inheritances of', 'beliyaal' literally 'without virtue' referring to 'the wicked', and 'yevatuni' is a verb meaning 'they afflict me' or 'they cause me suffering'.
[2SA.22.6] The cords of the grave surrounded me; the snatchers of death encircled me. [§]
chevlei shaoal sabuni kidmuni mokshai-mavet.
'chevlei' means 'cords' or 'ropes', 'shaoal' means 'the grave' or 'Sheol', 'sabuni' means 'surrounded me', 'kidmuni' means 'encircled me' or 'pressed me in front', 'mokshai-mavet' means 'snatchers of death' or 'those who seize death'.
[2SA.22.7] In my distress I will call Yahveh, and I will call my God; and He heard my voice from His temple, and my plea is in his ears. [§]
batzar li ekra Yahveh ve elohi ekra vayishma meheikhalo koli ve shavati be'aznav.
'batzar' means 'in distress', 'li' means 'to me', 'ekra' means 'I will call', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'elohi' means 'my God' (derived from El), another 'ekra' means 'I will call', 'vayishma' means 'and He heard', 'meheikhalo' means 'from His temple', 'koli' means 'my voice', 've' means 'and', 'shavati' means 'my plea' or 'my cry for help', 'be'aznav' means 'in his ears'.
[2SA.22.8] And the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of the heavens will be shaken, and they will quake because He was angry. [§]
vategaash vatirash haaretz mosdot hashamaim yirgazu vayitgaashu ki chara lo.
'vategaash' means 'and the earth shook', 'vatirash' means 'and it trembled', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'mosdot' means 'foundations', 'hashamaim' means 'of the heavens', 'yirgazu' means 'will be shaken', 'vayitgaashu' means 'and they will quake', 'ki' means 'because', 'chara' means 'was angry', 'lo' means 'to him' referring to the divine One.
[2SA.22.9] Smoke rose in his breath and fire from his mouth devoured insects that were burned from him. [§]
Ala ashan beapo veesh mipiyv tocheil gechalim ba'aru mimmenu.
'Ala' means 'rose' or 'went up', 'ashan' means 'smoke', 'beapo' means 'in his breath', 'veesh' means 'and fire', 'mipiyv' means 'from his mouth', 'tocheil' means 'devours' or 'eats', 'gechalim' means 'insects' or 'worms', 'ba'aru' means 'were burned', 'mimmenu' means 'from him'.
[2SA.22.10] He spread the heavens, He descended, and a cloud is beneath his feet. [§]
Vayet shamayim vayered va'arafel tachat raglav.
'Vayet' means 'and he spread', 'shamayim' means 'heavens', 'vayered' means 'and he descended', 'va'arafel' means 'and a cloud', 'tachat' means 'under', 'raglav' means 'his feet'.
[2SA.22.11] He rode on a cherub and flew and appeared on the wings of the spirit. [§]
Vayirkev al keruv vayaf vayera al kanfei ruach.
'Vayirkev' means 'and (he) rode', 'al' means 'on', 'keruv' means 'cherub', 'vayaf' means 'and (he) flew', 'vayera' means 'and (he) appeared', 'al' again means 'upon' or 'on', 'kanfei' means 'the wings of', 'ruach' means 'spirit' or 'wind'.
[2SA.22.12] And he set darkness around him, tents, mist of water, clouds of whiteness. [§]
Vayyash et choshekh s'vivotav sukkot hashrat-mayim avei sh'chakim.
'Vayyash' means 'and he set', 'choshekh' means 'darkness', 's'vivotav' means 'around him', 'sukkot' means 'tents', 'hashrat-mayim' means 'mist of water', 'avei' means 'clouds of', 'sh'chakim' means 'whiteness'.
[2SA.22.13] From the flame before him they burned coals of fire. [§]
Minnogah negdo ba'aru gachlei esh.
'Minnogah' means 'from the flame', 'negdo' means 'before him' or 'in his presence', 'ba'aru' means 'they burned', 'gachlei' means 'coals of', and 'esh' means 'fire'.
[2SA.22.14] Yahveh thunders from the heavens, and the Most High will give his voice. [§]
Yar'em min-shamayim Yahveh ve-elyon yitten kolo.
'Yar'em' means 'will roar' or 'will thunder', 'min-shamayim' means 'from the heavens', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've-elyon' means 'and the Most High', 'yitten' means 'will give', and 'kolo' means 'his voice'.
[2SA.22.15] And he sent the shards and scattered them with lightning and thundered. [§]
vayishlach chitSim vayefitzeM barak vayahomem.
'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'chitSim' means 'shards' or 'fragments', 'vayefitzeM' means 'and he scattered them', 'barak' means 'lightning', 'vayahomem' means 'and he made a loud noise' or 'and he thundered'.
[2SA.22.16] And the depths of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world will be exposed, in the fury of Yahveh from the breath of his angry spirit. [§]
Vayerau afikei yam yigalu mosdot tevel begaarat Yahveh min nishmat ruach apo.
'Va' means 'and', 'yerau' means 'appeared', 'afikei' means 'the depths/abysmal' (from 'aphik' = deep), 'yam' means 'sea', 'yigalu' means 'they will be uncovered/exposed', 'mosdot' means 'foundations', 'tevel' means 'the world', 'begaarat' means 'in the fury/anger of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'min' means 'from', 'nishmat' means 'breath', 'ruach' means 'spirit/wind', 'apo' means 'his anger'.
[2SA.22.17] He will send from above, He will take me, He will draw me out of many waters. [§]
Yishlach mimarom yikachen yamsheini mimmayim rabim.
'Yishlach' means 'will send', 'mimarom' means 'from above', 'yikachen' means 'will take me', 'yamsheini' means 'will draw me out', 'mimmayim' means 'from waters', 'rabim' means 'many'.
[2SA.22.18] He will save me from my enemies, the force from those who hate, because they have become firm against me. [§]
yatzileni meoyvi az misonei ki ametsu mimmeni.
'yatzileni' means 'He will save me', 'meoyvi' means 'from my enemies', 'az' means 'strength' or 'force', 'misonei' means 'from those who hate', 'ki' means 'because', 'ametsu' means 'they are firm/strong', 'mimmeni' means 'against me'.
[2SA.22.19] He set me before my festival day, and Yahveh was my shelter. [§]
yekadmuni beyom eidi vayehi Yahveh mishan li.
'yekadmuni' means 'He set me before' or 'He placed me ahead of', 'beyom' means 'on the day', 'eidi' means 'of my feast/festival', 'vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and he became', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'mishan' means 'a shelter' or 'a refuge', 'li' means 'for me' or 'to me'.
[2SA.22.20] And he went out to the wide place; he will rescue me, because he delights in me. [§]
Vayyotze laMerchav oti yehaletzeni ki-chafetz bi.
'Vayyotze' means 'and he went out', 'laMerchav' means 'to the wide place' or 'to the open expanse', 'oti' means 'me' (direct object), 'yehaletzeni' means 'he will rescue me' (future verb with first‑person object suffix), 'ki' means 'because', 'chafetz' means 'he desires' or 'he takes pleasure in', 'bi' means 'in me' or 'with me'.
[2SA.22.21] Yahveh will repay me as my righteousness, as my hand will be restored to me. [§]
Yigmaleni Yahveh ke-tzidkati kevor yaday yashiv li.
'Yigmaleni' means 'He will repay me', 'Yahveh' is the divine name rendered as 'Yahveh', 'ke-tzidkati' means 'as my righteousness', 'kevor' means 'as', 'yaday' means 'my hand', 'yashiv' means 'will restore/return', 'li' means 'to me'.
[2SA.22.22] For I have kept the ways of Yahveh and I have not done evil against my God. [§]
ki shamar-ti darkei Yahveh ve-lo rashatti meElohai.
'ki' means 'for', 'shamar-ti' means 'I have kept', 'darkei' means 'the ways of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'rashatti' means 'I have acted wickedly' or 'I have done evil', 'me' is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'against', 'Elohai' means 'my God' (the singular form of El).
[2SA.22.23] For all the judgments of God are before me, and the statutes of God are not forbidden from me. [§]
Ki kol mishpato lenegdi vechukotav lo asur mimena.
'Ki' means 'for', 'kol' means 'all', 'mishpato' means 'the judgments of Him' (God's judgments), 'lenegdi' means 'before me', 'vechukotav' means 'and the statutes of Him' (God's statutes), 'lo' means 'not', 'asur' means 'forbidden', 'mimena' means 'from me'.
[2SA.22.24] And I will be blameless before Yahveh, and I will keep myself from my sin. [§]
Va'ehyeh tamim lo va'eshtamm'ra mei avoni.
"Va'ehyeh" means "and I will be", "tamim" means "blameless" or "perfect", "lo" means "to him" (referring to Yahveh), "va'eshtamm'ra" means "and I will keep myself", "mei avoni" means "from my iniquity".
[2SA.22.25] and Yahveh turned to me as my righteousness, as my choice before his eyes. [§]
Vayyashav Yahveh li ke-tzidkati ke-bori le-neged einav.
'Vayyashav' means 'and He turned' or 'and He returned', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'ke-tzidkati' means 'as my righteousness', 'ke-bori' means 'as my choice' (from the root meaning to select), 'le-neged' means 'in front of' or 'before', and 'einav' means 'His eyes'.
[2SA.22.26] With the faithful you will be gracious; with the mighty you will be perfect. [§]
Im chasid titkhasad im gibor tamim titamam.
'Im' means 'with', 'chasid' means 'faithful' or 'devout one', 'titkhasad' means 'you will show graciousness/kindness', 'gibor' means 'mighty' or 'strong one', 'tamim' means 'perfect' or 'whole', 'titamam' means 'you will become perfect'. The verse is spoken of the divine, implying that the Divine shows kindness to the faithful and perfection to the mighty.
[2SA.22.27] With a wise person you will become wise, and with a harsh person you will fall. [§]
im-navar titavur ve-im-ikesh titapal.
'im' means 'with', 'navar' means 'wise person', 'titavur' means 'you will become wise', 've' means 'and', 'ikesh' means 'harsh person', 'titapal' means 'you will fall'.
[2SA.22.28] And you will save the poor people, and your eyes will humble the proud. [§]
ve-et am ani toshia ve-einecha al ramim tashpil.
've' means 'and', 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'am' means 'people', 'ani' means 'poor', 'toshia' means 'you will save', 've' means 'and', 'einecha' means 'your eyes', 'al' means 'upon' or 'against', 'ramim' means 'the lofty' or 'the proud', 'tashpil' means 'you will bring low' or 'you will humble'.
[2SA.22.29] For you are my lamp Yahveh, and Yahveh will make bright my darkness. [§]
Ki atah neiri Yahveh vYahveh yaggihah hashkhi.
'Ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'atah' means 'you', 'neiri' means 'my lamp' (neir = lamp, -i = my), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'v' is the conjunction meaning 'and', the second 'Yahveh' again means the divine name, 'yaggihah' means 'will make bright' or 'will illuminate', and 'hashkhi' means 'my darkness' (choshech = darkness, -i = my).
[2SA.22.30] For in you I will run a troop; by my God I will step on a rooster. [§]
ki bekah arutz gedud beelohi adaleg shur.
'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'bekah' is 'in you' (the preposition 'be' plus the feminine singular pronoun 'ka'), 'arutz' means 'I will run', 'gedud' means 'a troop' or 'band', 'beelohi' is 'by my God' (the preposition 'be' plus 'elohi' meaning 'my God'), 'adaleg' means 'I will step', and 'shur' means 'rooster'.
[2SA.22.31] The God is perfect in his way; the word of Yahveh is sharp, it is a shield for all who take refuge in it. [§]
HaEl tamim dargo imrat Yahveh tzerufah magen hu lekol hachosim bo.
'HaEl' means 'the God'; 'tamim' means 'perfect' or 'complete'; 'dargo' means 'his way' (darga = way, -o = his); 'imrat' means 'the utterance' or 'the word of'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH; 'tzerufah' means 'sharp' or 'piercing'; 'magen' means 'shield'; 'hu' means 'it' or 'he' (referring to the word); 'lekol' means 'for all'; 'hachosim' means 'those who take refuge' or 'the trusting ones'; 'bo' means 'in him/it'.
[2SA.22.32] For who is God besides Yahveh, and who is the rock besides our God. [§]
ki mi el mi-b'aladei Yahveh u-mi tzur mi-b'aladei Eloheinu.
'ki' means 'for', 'mi' means 'who', 'el' means 'God', 'mi-b'aladei' means 'besides' or 'other than', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'u' means 'and', 'tzur' means 'rock', 'Eloheinu' is 'our God' (the word 'Elohim' literally means 'the Gods' but here with the possessive suffix denotes 'our God').
[2SA.22.33] The God, my stronghold, my strength, and He turned his way perfectly. [§]
haEl mauzi chayil vayater tamim darko.
'haEl' means 'the God', 'mauzi' means 'my stronghold' (from ma'oz), 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'might', 'vayater' means 'and He turned' or 'and He made', 'tamim' means 'perfect' or 'complete', 'darko' means 'his way' (from daroch).
[2SA.22.34] He causes his feet to be like those of a hind, and He will set me upon my high places. [§]
meshaveh raglaiv kaayalot ve'al bamotai yaamideni.
'meshaveh' means 'He causes', 'raglaiv' means 'his feet', 'kaayalot' means 'like hinds', 've'al' means 'and upon', 'bamotai' means 'my high places', 'yaamideni' means 'He will cause me to stand'.
[2SA.22.35] Teaching my hands for war, and the bronze bow of my arms. [§]
melammed yadai lam milchamah ve-nichat keshet nekhusha zerotai.
'melammed' means 'teaches' or 'teaching', 'yadai' means 'my hands', 'lam milchamah' means 'for war' (lam = for, milchamah = war), 've-nichat' means 'and the rest' or 'and (the) repose', 'keshet' means 'bow', 'nekhusha' means 'bronze' (a compound noun 'bronze bow'), and 'zerotai' means 'my arms' (zerot = arms, -ai = my).
[2SA.22.36] You gave me the shield of your salvation, and your answer caused me to abound. [§]
va-ttiten li magen yishecha ve-anotcha tarbeni.
'va-ttiten' means 'you gave', 'li' means 'to me', 'magen' means 'shield', 'yishecha' means 'your salvation', 've-anotcha' means 'and your answer', 'tarbeni' means 'you cause me to increase' or 'you make me abound'.
[2SA.22.37] You will broaden my steps beneath me, and they have not delayed my measures. [§]
Tarhiv tsaadi tachtani velo maadu karsulayi.
'Tarhiv' means 'you will broaden', 'tsaadi' means 'my steps', 'tachtani' means 'under me' or 'beneath me', 'velo' means 'and not', 'maadu' means 'they have delayed' or 'they have set aside', 'karsulayi' is a plural noun meaning 'my measures' or 'my carts'.
[2SA.22.38] I will pursue my enemies and I will destroy them, and I will not return until they are all destroyed. [§]
Erddefah oyvai va'ashmidem velo ashuv ad-kallotam.
'Erddefah' means 'I will pursue', 'oyvai' means 'my enemies', 'va'ashmidem' means 'and I will destroy them', 'velo' means 'and not', 'ashuv' means 'I will return', 'ad-kallotam' means 'until they are completely destroyed'.
[2SA.22.39] And I devoured them, and I crushed them, and they shall not rise, and they fell under my feet. [§]
Va'achalem va'emchatzem ve'lo yekumun vayiplu tachat raglay.
'Va'achalem' means 'and I devoured them', 'va'emchatzem' means 'and I crushed them', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yekumun' means 'they shall rise', 'vayiplu' means 'and they fell', 'tachat' means 'under', 'raglay' means 'my feet'.
[2SA.22.40] And you equipped me with strength for battle; you will crush my foot beneath me. [§]
Vatzreni chayil lamilchamah takri'a kamai tahtenni.
'Vatzreni' means 'and you (feminine) equipped me', 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'might', 'lamilchamah' means 'for battle', 'takri'a' means 'you will crush' or 'you will bend', 'kamai' is interpreted as 'my foot' (from the root 'kam' meaning 'foot' with first‑person possessive), 'tahtenni' means 'under me' or 'beneath me', indicating the result of the crushing.
[2SA.22.41] And you will make my enemies a plague for me, those who hate me, and I will snuff them out. [§]
Ve'oyvai tattah li oref mesanai va'atzmiteim.
'Ve'oyvai' means 'and my enemies', 'tattah' means 'you will make' (second person masculine singular perfect of the verb 'to make' in a poetic sense), 'li' means 'for me', 'oref' means 'a pestilence' or 'plague', 'mesanai' means 'who hate me' (from the root sinah 'to hate'), and 'va'atzmiteim' means 'and I will extinguish them' (first person singular future of 'to snuff out' with a direct object).
[2SA.22.42] They will save and there is no savior to Yahveh and they did not answer. [§]
Yishe'u ve'ein moshia el-Yahveh velo anahm.
'Yishe'u' means 'they will save', 've' means 'and', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'moshia' means 'savior', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'velo' means 'and not', 'anahm' means 'they did not answer'.
[2SA.22.43] And I will mock them like dust of the earth, like the chaff that is blown out; I will seize them, I will crush them. [§]
ve'eshchakem ka'afar-aretz ke'tit chutzot adikem erakam.
've' means 'and', 'eshchakem' means 'I will mock them', 'ka'afar-aretz' means 'like dust of the earth', 'ke'tit' means 'like chaff', 'chutzot' means 'that is blown out' (literally 'outside' or 'outlying'), 'adikem' means 'I will seize them', 'erakam' means 'I will crush them'.
[2SA.22.44] You saved me from the quarrels of my people; you will guard me for the head of nations, a people I do not know, they will serve me. [§]
vattfalteni meribei ammi tishmereini leroash goiim am lo yadati yaavduni
vattfalteni means you saved me, meribei means from the quarrels, ammi means of my people, tishmereini means you will guard me, leroash means to the head, goiim means of nations, am means a people, lo means not, yadati means I know, yaavduni means they will serve me
[2SA.22.45] The sons of a foreigner will be perplexed before me; an ear that hears will listen to me. [§]
B'nei nekhar yitkachashu li lishmoa ozen yishamu li.
'B'nei' means 'sons of', 'nekhar' means 'foreigner' or 'stranger', 'yitkachashu' means 'they will be confounded' or 'perplexed', 'li' means 'to me' or 'against me', 'lishmoa' means 'to hear', 'ozen' means 'ear', 'yishamu' means 'they will hear' or 'they will listen', and the final 'li' again means 'to me'.
[2SA.22.46] The sons of the foreigner will be destroyed and they will be bound from their prisons. [§]
B'nei Nekar yibolu veyachgeru mimissgerotam.
'B'nei' means 'sons of', 'Nekar' means 'foreigner', 'yibolu' means 'will be destroyed', 'veyachgeru' means 'and they will be bound', 'mimissgerotam' means 'from their prisons'.
[2SA.22.47] The living Yahveh, and blessed is my rock, and exalted is the God of the rock, my salvation. [§]
Chai Yahveh uBaruch Tzuri veYarum Elohei Tzur Yeshi.
'Chai' means 'living', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'uBaruch' means 'and blessed', 'Tzuri' means 'my rock' (from Tzur 'rock' plus first‑person suffix), 'veYarum' means 'and is exalted', 'Elohei' means 'God of' (singular form of Elohim, which is rendered as 'God' in the singular), 'Tzur' means 'rock', and 'Yeshi' means 'my salvation'.
[2SA.22.48] the God who gives revenges to me and brings nations under me. [§]
ha el ha noten neqamot li u morid amim tachteni.
'ha' means 'the', 'el' means 'God', 'ha noten' means 'the one who gives', 'neqamot' means 'revenges' (plural of revenge), 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'u' means 'and', 'morid' means 'brings down' or 'depresses', 'amim' means 'nations', 'tachteni' means 'under me'.
[2SA.22.49] And you bring me out from my enemies and from the one who rises against me, you lift me up from a violent man, you save me. [§]
U motzi'i meoyvai u mi kamai teromemeni meish chamasim tatsileni.
'U' means 'and', 'motzi'i' means 'brings me out', 'meoyvai' means 'from my enemies', 'u' means 'and', 'mi' means 'from', 'kamai' means 'the one who rises against me', 'teromemeni' means 'you lift me up', 'meish' means 'from a man', 'chamasim' means 'of violence', 'tatsileni' means 'you save me'.
[2SA.22.50] Therefore I will thank you, Yahveh, among the nations and I will sing to your name. [§]
Al-ken od'kha Yahveh bagoyim uleshimkha azamer.
'Al-ken' means 'therefore', 'od'kha' means 'I will thank you' (with second‑person masculine singular object suffix), 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'bagoyim' means 'among the nations', 'u-' is the conjunction 'and', 'leshimkha' means 'to your name' (with second‑person masculine singular possessive suffix), and 'azamer' means 'I will sing' (first‑person singular future).
[2SA.22.51] Tower of the king's salvation, and (He) shows mercy to his anointed, for David and his offspring forever. [§]
Migdal yeshuaot malcho ve'oseh-chesed limshicho leDavid ulezaro ad olam.
'Migdal' means 'tower', 'yeshuaot' means 'salvations', 'malcho' means 'his king's', 've'oseh' means 'and (He) does', 'chesed' means 'lovingkindness or mercy', 'limshicho' means 'to his anointed', 'leDavid' means 'for David', 'ulezaro' means 'and to his seed', 'ad olam' means 'forever'. The verse describes a tower of the king's salvation and the merciful action toward the anointed one, applied to David and his descendants forever.
2SA.23
[2SA.23.1] And these are the words of David the latter, says David son of Jesse, and says the man was raised over the Messiah the Gods of Jacob and pleasant are the songs of Israel. [§]
Ve'eleh divrei David ha'achronim ne'um David ben-Yishai u'ne'um ha-gever hukam al mashiach Elohei Ya'akov u'ne'im zemirot Yisrael.
'Ve'eleh' means 'and these', 'divrei' means 'words of', 'David' is the name David, 'ha'achronim' means 'the later' or 'the latter', 'ne'um' means 'says', 'ben-Yishai' means 'son of Jesse', 'u'ne'um' means 'and says', 'ha-gever' means 'the man', 'hukam' means 'was raised', 'al' means 'over' or 'upon', 'mashiach' means 'Messiah', 'Elohei' is the plural form of Elohim and is translated as 'the Gods', 'Ya'akov' means 'Jacob', 'u'ne'im' means 'and pleasant', 'zemirot' means 'songs' or 'chants', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.23.2] Spirit Yahveh spoke in me and his word upon my tongue. [§]
Ruah Yahveh diber-bi u milato al leshoni.
'Ruah' means 'spirit', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'diber' means 'spoke', '-bi' is the suffix meaning 'in me', 'u' means 'and', 'milato' means 'his word', 'al' means 'upon', 'leshoni' means 'my tongue'.
[2SA.23.3] Said the God(s) of Israel to me: the rock of Israel rules over man; the righteous one rules the fear of God. [§]
Amar Elohei Yisrael li diber Tzur Yisrael moshel ba'adam tzadik moshel yirat Elohim.
'Amar' means 'said', 'Elohei' means 'the God(s) of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'li' means 'to me', 'diber' means 'spoke' or 'said', 'Tzur' means 'rock', 'Yisrael' again 'Israel', 'moshel' means 'rules' or 'governs', 'ba'adam' means 'over man' or 'over humanity', 'tzadik' means 'the righteous one', 'moshel' again 'rules', 'yirat' means 'the fear of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (used here for God).
[2SA.23.4] And like light of morning the sun will shine; morning not clouds from its gleam from rain grass from the earth. [§]
u-ke'or boker yizrach-shamesh boker lo avot mi-nogah mi-matar deshe mearetz.
'u' means 'and', 'ke'or' means 'like light', 'boker' means 'morning', 'yizrach-shamesh' means 'the sun will shine', the second 'boker' repeats 'morning', 'lo' means 'not', 'avot' means 'clouds', 'mi-nogah' means 'from its gleam', 'mi-matar' means 'from rain', 'deshe' means 'grass', 'mearetz' means 'from the earth'.
[2SA.23.5] For my house is not with God, for I have an everlasting covenant placed for me, arranged throughout everything and guarded, because all my salvation and all desire will not prosper. [§]
ki lo ken beiti im el ki brit olam sam li arucha bakkol ushmu'ra ki kol yishe'i ve kol chefetz ki lo yatzmi'ach.
'ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'ken' means 'thus', 'beiti' means 'my house', 'im' means 'with', 'el' means 'God', 'ki' means 'for', 'brit' means 'covenant', 'olam' means 'everlasting', 'sam' means 'placed', 'li' means 'for me', 'arucha' means 'arranged' or 'set', 'bakkol' means 'in all' or 'throughout everything', 'ushmu'ra' means 'and guarded', 'ki' means 'because', 'kol' means 'all', 'yishe'i' means 'my salvation', 've' means 'and', 'kol' means 'all', 'chefetz' means 'desire' or 'pleasure', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yatzmi'ach' means 'will grow' or 'will prosper'.
[2SA.23.6] And in idleness like a thorn shorn all of them because not by hand they will take. [§]
uveliyyal keqots munad kulaham ki lo beyad yikachu.
'uveliyyal' means 'and without work' or 'and in idleness', 'keqots' means 'like a thorn', 'munad' means 'shorn' or 'cut down', 'kulaham' means 'all of them', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'beyad' means 'by hand', 'yikachu' means 'they will seize' or 'they will take'.
[2SA.23.7] And a man who touches them will be filled with iron and a wooden spear, and with fire burning they will be burned in the fire. [§]
ve'ish yiga bahem yimmale barzel ve'etz chanit uva'esh sarof yisarfu bashavet.
've'ish' means 'and a man', 'yiga' means 'touches' or 'will touch', 'bahem' means 'them', 'yimmale' means 'will be filled', 'barzel' means 'with iron', 've'etz' means 'and wood' or 'and a wooden', 'chanit' means 'spear', 'uva'esh' means 'and with fire', 'sarof' means 'burning', 'yisarfu' means 'they will burn', 'bashavet' means 'in the fire'.
[2SA.23.8] These are the names of the mighty men that belonged to David, who sat in the seat of wisdom, the head of the third; he was Adino the ... on eight hundred (killed) in one time. [§]
Eleh shemot ha-gi-borim asher le-David yoshev ba-shevet tachkemon rosh ha-shlishi hu adino ha-etzni al-shmoneh meot chalal befaam echad.
'Eleh' means 'These', 'shemot' means 'names', 'ha-gi-borim' means 'the mighty ones', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'le-David' means 'of David', 'yoshev' means 'who sits', 'ba-shevet' means 'in the seat', 'tachkemon' is a rare form meaning 'wise' or 'in wisdom', 'rosh' means 'head', 'ha-shlishi' means 'the third', 'hu' means 'he', 'adino' is a proper name, 'ha-etzni' means 'the ...' (a title unclear), 'al-shmoneh' means 'on eight', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'chalal' means 'killed' or 'slaughtered', 'befaam' means 'in one time', 'echad' means 'one'. The phrase 'ba-shevet tachkemon' is rendered literally as 'in the seat of wisdom' rather than idiomatically.
[2SA.23.9] And after this Elazar son of Dodoi son of my brother, with three mighty men with David, they burned the Philistines, they were gathered there for battle, and each man of Israel went up. [§]
ve'acharo Elazar ben-Dodoi ben-Achochi bishlosha giborim im-David becharfam baplishtim ne'esfu-sham lemilchamah vaya'alu ish Yisrael.
've'acharo' means 'and after this', 'Elazar' is a personal name, 'ben-Dodoi' means 'son of Dodoi', 'ben-Achochi' means 'son of my brother', 'bishlosha' means 'in three', 'giborim' means 'mighty men', 'im-David' means 'with David', 'becharfam' means 'they burned', 'baplishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'ne'esfu-sham' means 'they gathered there', 'lemilchamah' means 'for battle', 'vaya'alu' means 'and they went up', 'ish' means 'man', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.23.10] He rose and struck the Philistines until his hand grew weary and his hand clung to the sword and Yahveh made great salvation on that day and the people returned after him only to scatter. [§]
hu kam vayach ba-pelishtim ad ki yageah yado vatedbak yado el ha-cheret vayaas Yahveh teshuah gedolah ba-yom hahuu veha-am yashuvu acharav ach lefashet.
'hu' means 'he', 'kam' means 'rose', 'vayach' means 'and struck', 'ba-pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'ad' means 'until', 'ki' means 'because', 'yageah' means 'his hand grew weary', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'vatedbak' means 'and it clung', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-cheret' means 'the sword', 'vayaas' means 'and made', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'teshuah' means 'salvation', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'ba-yom' means 'that day', 'hahuu' means 'that day' (emphatic), 'veha-am' means 'and the people', 'yashuvu' means 'returned', 'acharav' means 'after him', 'ach' means 'only', 'lefashet' means 'to scatter'.
[2SA.23.11] And after him the heaven son of Oge the mountain, and they gathered the Philistines for the animal, and it was there a portion of the field full of wineskins, and the people fled before the Philistines. [§]
veacharai shama ben-oge harrri vayeyasfu plishtim lachayah vatehi sham chelkat hasade mela adashim vehaam nas mipnei plishtim.
've' means 'and', 'acharai' means 'after him', 'shama' means 'the heaven', 'ben-oge' means 'son of Oge', 'harrri' means 'the mountain', 'vayeyasfu' means 'and they gathered', 'plishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'lachayah' means 'for the animal', 'vatehi' means 'and it was', 'sham' means 'there', 'chelkat' means 'portion', 'hasade' means 'of the field', 'mela' means 'full', 'adashim' means 'wineskins', 'vehaam' means 'and the people', 'nas' means 'fled', 'mipnei' means 'before', 'plishtim' means 'the Philistines'.
[2SA.23.12] And he stood in the middle of the section and saved it, and he struck the Philistines, and Yahveh performed great salvation. [§]
Vayyit'atzav betoch hachelka vayatzileha vayach et-Philistim vayya'as Yahveh teshua gedolah.
'Vayyit'atzav' means 'and he stood', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of', 'hachelka' means 'the portion' or 'the section', 'vayatzileha' means 'and he saved it/her', 'vayach' means 'and he struck', 'et-Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'vayya'as' means 'and he made/did', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'teshua' means 'salvation', 'gedolah' means 'great'.
[2SA.23.13] And thirty from the three hundred heads went down and came to the harvest to David, to the cave of Adullam, and the Philistine animals were lying in the valley of Rephaim. [§]
Vayerdu shloshim mehashloshim roshe vayavo el-katzir el-David el-mearat Adullam vechayat Pelistim chona be'emet Rephaim.
'Vayerdu' means 'and they went down', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 'mehashloshim' means 'from the three hundred', 'roshe' means 'heads' (i.e., leaders), 'vayavo' means 'and they came', 'el-katzir' means 'to the harvest', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'el-mearat' means 'to the cave of', 'Adullam' is a place name, 'vechayat' means 'and the animals', 'Pelistim' means 'Philistines', 'chona' means 'were lying/placed', 'be'emet' means 'in the valley of', 'Rephaim' is a place name.
[2SA.23.14] And David then in the stronghold and the position of the Philistines then the house of bread. [§]
veDavid az bametzudah u-matzav pelishtim az beit lahem.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 'az' means 'then' or 'at that time', 'bametzudah' means 'in the stronghold', 'u-matzav' means 'and the position/fortress', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', the second 'az' repeats 'then', 'beit' means 'house', and 'lahem' means 'of bread' (a proper name of a place).
[2SA.23.15] And David desired, and said, Who will give me water from the well of the house of bread that is at the gate? [§]
Vayita'veh David vayomer mi yashqeni mayim mi boar beit lechem asher bashaar.
'Vayita'veh' means 'and he desired', 'David' is the name David, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mi' means 'who', 'yashqeni' means 'will give me a drink', 'mayim' means 'water', 'mi boar' means 'from the well', 'beit lechem' means 'house of bread', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'bashaar' means 'at the gate'.
[2SA.23.16] And they broke three warriors in the camp of the Philistines and they drew water from the well of the House of Bread that was at the gate, and they carried it and brought it to David, but he would not drink it, and he poured it out to Yahveh. [§]
Vayivke'u shloshet ha-givorim b'machaneh Philistim vayishevu-mayim mi'bo'ar Beit-Lechem asher ba'sha'ar vayasu vayavi'u el-David velo avah lishotam vayassech otam laYHWH.
'Vayivke'u' means 'and they broke', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'ha-givorim' means 'the warriors', 'b'machaneh' means 'in the camp', 'Philistim' means 'of the Philistines', 'vayishevu' means 'and they drew', 'mayim' means 'water', 'mi'bo'ar' means 'from the well', 'Beit-Lechem' means 'House of Bread', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ba'sha'ar' means 'at the gate', 'vayasu' means 'and they carried', 'vayavi'u' means 'and they brought', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'velo' means 'but not', 'avah' means 'refused', 'lishotam' means 'to drink them', 'vayassech' means 'and he poured out', 'otam' means 'them', 'laYHWH' means 'to Yahveh'.
[2SA.23.17] And he said, 'Chalila, to me Yahveh, from doing this the blood of the men who walk in their souls, and he would not drink them; these did [it]—the three heroes.' [§]
Vayomer chalila li Yahveh me'asoti zot hadam ha'anashim haholchim benafshotam velo avah lishtotam ele asu shloshet hagiborim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'chalila' is a proper name (Chalila), 'li' means 'to me', 'Yahveh' is the rendering of YHVH, 'me'asoti' means 'from my doing', 'zot' means 'this', 'hadam' means 'the blood', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'haholchim' means 'who walk', 'benafshotam' means 'in their souls', 'velo' means 'and not', 'avah' means 'he would want' or 'he would be willing', 'lishtotam' means 'to drink them', 'ele' means 'these', 'asu' means 'they did', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'hagiborim' means 'the heroes' (the mighty men).
[2SA.23.18] And Abishai the brother of Joab, son of Zeruiah, he is the chief of the three, and he raises his sword upon three hundred spoils, and to him a name among the three. [§]
VaAbishai achi Yoav ben Tzeruya hu rosh hashloshi vehu oreir et chanito al shlosh meot chalal velo shem bashlosha.
'VaAbishai' means 'and Abishai', 'achi' means 'brother', 'Yoav' means 'Joab', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Tzeruya' means 'Zeruiah', 'hu' means 'he', 'rosh' means 'head' or 'chief', 'hashloshi' means 'of the three', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'oreir' means 'awakens' or 'raises', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'chanito' means 'his sword', 'al' means 'upon', 'shlosh' means 'three', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'chalal' means 'plunder' or 'spoils', 'velo' means 'and to him' or 'and his', 'shem' means 'name', 'bashlosha' means 'in the three' or 'among the three'.
[2SA.23.19] From the third (month) it was so heavy for them, a burden, and until the third (month) they had not come. [§]
Min ha-shloshah hachi nikbad vayhi lahem leSar ve'ad ha-shloshah lo ba.
'Min' means 'from', 'ha-shloshah' means 'the third [month/period]', 'hachi' means 'so' or 'thus', 'nikbad' means 'was heavy' or 'was burdensome', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'leSar' means 'a burden' (literally 'to a minister' but here understood as 'a burden'), 've'ad' means 'and until', the second 'ha-shloshah' again means 'the third [month/period]', 'lo' means 'not', 'ba' means 'came' or 'arrived'.
[2SA.23.20] And Benaiah son of Jehoiada son of a man of fierceness great deeds from Qavtzeel he struck the two Ariel Moab and he descended and struck the lion inside the pit on the day of snow. [§]
Uvenayah ben-yehoiada ben-ish-chayir rab-pe'alim miqavtze'el hu hikka et shnei ariel moav ve'hu yarad ve'hikka et-hari betoch habbor beyom hashleg.
'Uvenayah' means 'And Benaiah', 'ben-yehoiada' means 'son of Jehoiada', 'ben-ish-chayir' means 'son of a man of fierceness', 'rab-pe'alim' means 'great deeds', 'miqavtze'el' means 'from Qavtzeel', 'hu' means 'he', 'hikka' means 'struck', 'et' is a grammatical marker not translated, 'shnei' means 'two', 'ariel' is a proper name, 'moav' means 'Moab', 've'hu' means 'and he', 'yarad' means 'descended', 've'hikka' means 'and struck', 'et-hari' means 'the lion', 'betoch' means 'inside', 'habbor' means 'the pit', 'beyom' means 'on the day', 'hashleg' means 'of snow'.
[2SA.23.21] And he struck an Egyptian man who was looking, and in the hand of the Egyptian was a sword; he went down against him with the staff, seized the sword from the hand of the Egyptian, and killed him with his sword. [§]
vehu hikka et ish misri ishar mareh u'veyad ha-misri chanit vayered elav ba-shabet vayigzal et ha-chanith mi-yad ha-misri vayahargehu ba-chanito.
'vehu' means 'and he', 'hikka' means 'struck', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'ish' means 'man', 'misri' means 'Egyptian', 'ishar' means 'who', 'mareh' means 'was looking', 'u'veyad' means 'and in the hand', 'ha-misri' means 'the Egyptian', 'chanit' means 'sword', 'vayered' means 'went down against', 'elav' means 'him', 'ba-shabet' means 'with the staff', 'vayigzal' means 'he seized', 'et' again the particle, 'ha-chanith' means 'the sword', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'ha-misri' again 'the Egyptian', 'vayahargehu' means 'he killed him', 'ba-chanito' means 'with his sword'.
[2SA.23.22] These are B'nayahu son of Yehoiada, and his name is among the three mighty men. [§]
Eleh asa B'nayahu ben-Yehoiada ve-lo-shem bi-shlosha ha-gibborim.
'Eleh' means 'these', 'asa' means 'are' or 'made', 'B'nayahu' is the proper name 'B'nayahu', 'ben-Yehoiada' means 'son of Yehoiada', 've-lo-shem' means 'and his name', 'bi-shlosha' means 'among the three', 'ha-gibborim' means 'the mighty men'.
[2SA.23.23] From the three he is weighed, and to the third he did not come, and David placed him to his hearing. [§]
min-hashloshim nikhbad ve-el-hashlashah lo-ba vayshimehu David el-mishmato.
'min' means 'from', 'hashloshim' means 'the three', 'nikhbad' means 'is weighed' or 'is considered heavy', 've' means 'and', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'hashlashah' means 'the third', 'lo' means 'not', 'ba' means 'came', 'vayshimehu' means 'and he placed him' or 'and he set him', 'David' is the name David, 'el' means 'to', 'mishmato' means 'his hearing' or 'his listening'.
[2SA.23.24] Asael, my brother Joab, in the thirties, Elchanan son of Dodo, house of bread. [§]
Asael Achi-Yoav ba-shloshim Elchanan ben-Dodo Bet Lechem.
'Asael' is a personal name meaning 'Made God' (from 'asah' meaning 'made' and 'El' meaning 'God'). 'Achi-Yoav' means 'my brother Joab' ('achi' = 'my brother', 'Yoav' = a proper name). 'ba-shloshim' means 'in the thirties' (literally 'in the threes'). 'Elchanan' is a personal name meaning 'God has been gracious' ('El' = 'God', 'chanan' = 'gracious'). 'ben-Dodo' means 'son of Dodo' ('ben' = 'son of', 'Dodo' = a proper name). 'Bet Lechem' means 'house of bread' ('Bet' = 'house', 'Lechem' = 'bread'), the literal meaning of the place name Bethlehem.
[2SA.23.25] There the Harodite Eliqa the Harodite. [§]
shammah ha-chrodi elika ha-chrodi.
'shammah' means 'there', 'ha-chrodi' means 'the Harodite' (a person from Harod), 'elika' is a proper name that includes the divine element 'el' which is translated literally as 'God'; the suffix '-ka' forms a possessive, so the name can be understood as 'my God' or 'your God', but it is treated here as the personal name 'Eliqa'. The final 'ha-chrodi' repeats 'the Harodite'.
[2SA.23.26] Portion of the escaped city, son of Ikesh the broken. [§]
cheletz hapalti ira ben-ikesh hatteko'i.
'cheletz' means 'portion' or 'share', 'hapalti' means 'the escaped' or 'the delivered', 'ira' means 'city', 'ben-ikesh' means 'son of Ikesh' (a proper name), 'hatteko'i' means 'the broken' or 'the stuck'.
[2SA.23.27] Aviezar, I answered, my building, my sense. [§]
Avi ezer ha'anatoti mevunnai hachushati samekh
'Avi ezer' is a proper name meaning 'my father is help'. 'ha'anatoti' is formed from the verb 'anah' (to answer) with a first‑person suffix, thus 'I answered' (the article ha- adds 'the', but here it functions idiomatically as 'my answer'). 'mevunnai' derives from the root 'bana' (to build) with a first‑person possessive suffix, meaning 'my building' or 'my constructed [thing]'. 'hachushati' comes from the root 'chush' (sense, feeling) with a first‑person suffix, meaning 'my sense' or 'my feeling'. The final letter 'samekh' (transliterated as 'samekh') appears as a marginal notation and is rendered literally.
[2SA.23.28] The image of my brother, my swiftness, the one I have cast. [§]
Tzalmon ha'achochi mahrai hanetophati S.
'Tzalmon' means 'image' or 'likeness', 'ha'achochi' means 'my brother' (the definite article with a possessive suffix), 'mahrai' means 'my haste' or 'my swiftness', 'hanetophati' means 'the one I have cast or dropped' (from the root netoph meaning to drop or cast), 'S' is a marginal notation or verse marker.
[2SA.23.29] Helev son of Ba'ana the Netophathite, Satay son of Rivai from the hill of the children of Benjamin. [§]
Helev ben Ba'ana haNetophati Satay ben Rivai miGibeat Benei Binyamin.
'Helev' is a personal name meaning 'milk' or 'white'; 'ben' means 'son of'; 'Ba'ana' is a proper name; 'haNetophati' means 'the Netophathite', indicating origin from Netophah; 'Satay' is a personal name; 'ben Rivai' means 'son of Rivai'; 'miGibeat' means 'from Gibeat', a hill; 'Benei' means 'children of'; 'Binyamin' is the name Benjamin, a tribe of Israel.
[2SA.23.30] Benyahu Pir'aton, give me from the inheritances of Gaash. [§]
Benyahu Pir'aton hiDDai minachalei Gaash.
'Benyahu' is a personal name meaning 'son of Yah'; 'Pir'aton' is a personal name possibly meaning 'my fruit' or 'fruit of the covenant'; 'hiDDai' is a verb form meaning 'give me' or 'grant to me'; 'minachalei' means 'from the inheritances (or portions) of'; 'Gaash' is a place name; the final 'ס' is a scribal notation and not part of the text.
[2SA.23.31] My father Alvon, the evening, a mighty death, the exiled. [§]
Avi-alvon ha'arviti azmavet habarchumi.
'Avi-alvon' means 'my father Alvon', a proper name. 'ha'arviti' means 'the evening' or 'the twilight'. 'azmavet' is a compound of 'az' (strong) and 'mavet' (death), meaning 'strong death' or 'mighty death'. 'habarchumi' means 'the dispersed' or 'the exiled'.
[2SA.23.32] God conceal the night, sons of Yashen, Jonathan. [§]
El-yachba hashaalboni bnei yashen yehonatan samekh.
'El' means 'God', 'yachba' is a verb meaning 'to conceal' so together it can be read as 'God conceal'. 'hashaalboni' is composed of 'ha' meaning 'the' and 'shalboni', a noun that in this context is understood as 'night' (or a night‑related term). 'bnei' means 'sons of' or 'children of'. 'yashen' is taken as a proper name meaning 'he rests' or 'sleep'. 'yehonatan' is the personal name Jonathan, meaning 'Yahweh has given'. 'samekh' is a textual marker that appears at the end of the line. The phrase therefore names a group or lineage: God's concealment of the night, the sons of Yashen, Jonathan.
[2SA.23.33] Shammah the Hararite, Achiam son of Sharar the Ararite. [§]
Shammah haHarari Achiam ben Sharar haArari.
'Shammah' is a proper name (thought to mean "thorn" or "high place"). 'haHarari' means "the Hararite", a demonym indicating a person from Harar. 'Achiam' is a proper name (from achi "my brother"), often understood as "my brother is ...". 'ben' is the Hebrew word for "son (of)". 'Sharar' is a proper name (possibly meaning "remnant" or "storm"). 'haArari' means "the Ararite", a demonym indicating a person from Arar.
[2SA.23.34] Eliphelet, son of Ahasbai, son of the Maakhti, Saeliam, son of Achitofel the Gilonian. [§]
Eliphelet ben-Ahasbai ben-Hamaakhti Saeliam ben-Achitofel ha-Giloni.
'Eliphelet' is a personal name meaning 'God is my strength' (though the divine element is not rendered here). 'ben' means 'son of'. 'Ahasbai' is a personal name. 'Hamaakhti' is a tribal or family designation meaning 'the one of Maakht'. 'Saeliam' is a personal name. 'Achitofel' is a personal name. 'ha-Giloni' is a descriptive epithet meaning 'the one from Gilah' or 'the Gilonian'. The period marks the end of the verse.
[2SA.23.35] the courtyard of the Carmelites, the gates of the Aravah. [§]
chetzra ha-karmeli pa'arei ha-arvi.
'chetzra' means 'court' or 'enclosure', 'ha-' is the definite article 'the', 'karmeli' means 'of Carmel' (a place name), 'pa'arei' means 'gates', 'ha-arvi' means 'the Aravah' (the desert plain).
[2SA.23.36] He will redeem the son of Nathan from the standing of the great Sabani. [§]
Yiga'al ben-Natan mitzova savani hagadi.
'Yiga'al' means 'he will redeem', 'ben-Natan' means 'son of Nathan', 'mitzova' means 'from the standing' or 'from the heap', 'savani' means 'of Sabani' (a proper name), 'hagadi' means 'the great'.
[2SA.23.37] Tzelek the Ammonite, Sanachrai the well's, bearers of Joab son of Tsruyah's vessels. [§]
Tzelek haamoni Sanachrai habberoti nossei klei Yoav ben-Tsruyah.
'Tzelek' is a proper name meaning "Tzelek." 'haamoni' means "the Ammonite." 'Sanachrai' is a proper name meaning "Sanachrai." 'habberoti' means "the well's" (literally "of the well"). 'nossei' means "carriers" or "bearers." 'klei' means "of the vessels" or "of the implements." 'Yoav' is the personal name Joab. 'ben-Tsruyah' means "son of Tsruyah," a patronymic.
[2SA.23.38] The city of Jethro, the raven of Jethro. [§]
Ira ha-yitri garev ha-yitri.
'Ira' is the word 'city' (עִיר) with an added aleph, rendered here as 'Ira'. 'ha-yitri' (הַיִּתְרִי) is a construct form meaning 'the [thing] of Yitri', referring to the name Yitri (Jethro). 'garev' (גָּרֵב) means 'crow' or 'raven'. The final ס is a scribal marker and is not part of the meaning. Putting the parts together yields the sense of a place and an associated bird linked to Yitri.
[2SA.23.39] Uriah the Hittite, thirty‑seven. [§]
Uriyah ha-chiti kol shloshim ve-shivah.
'Uriyah' is a personal name (the divine element is not rendered as a name of God here), 'ha-chiti' means 'the Hittite', 'kol' means 'all' or 'the whole', 'shloshim' means 'thirty', 've-' is the conjunction 'and', and 'shivah' means 'seven'. The phrase therefore states the individual's identity and age.
2SA.24
[2SA.24.1] And Yahveh added anger to incite Israel, and he removed David among them, saying, 'Go punish Israel and Judah.' [§]
Va-yosef af-Yahveh la-cherot be-Yisrael, va-yaset et-David bahem, le'emor: lekh meneh et-Yisrael ve-et-Yehudah.
'Va-yosef' means 'and added', 'af' means 'anger', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'la-cherot' means 'to incite' or 'to stir up', 'be-Yisrael' means 'in Israel', 'va-yaset' means 'and he removed/dispensed', 'et-David' means 'David', 'bahem' means 'among them', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'lekh' means 'go', 'meneh' means 'to punish or take vengeance on', 'et-Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-et-Yehudah' means 'and Judah'.
[2SA.24.2] And the king said to Joab, commander of the army who was with him, 'Survey all the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beersheba and count the people, that I may know the number of the people.' [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh el-yoav sar ha-chayil asher ito shut na bekhol-shibtei Yisrael midan ve-ad be'er sheva u-pikdu et ha-am ve-yadatai et mispar ha-am.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el-yoav' means 'to Joab', 'sar ha-chayil' means 'commander of the army', 'asher ito' means 'who was with him', 'shut na' means 'survey please', 'bekhol-shibtei Yisrael' means 'through all the tribes of Israel', 'midan ve-ad be'er sheva' means 'from Dan to Beersheba', 'u-pikdu' means 'and count', 'et ha-am' means 'the people', 've-yadatai' means 'that I may know', 'et mispar ha-am' means 'the number of the people'.
[2SA.24.3] And said Job to the king, and may Yahveh add your the Gods to the people as they are and as they are a hundred times, and the eyes of my Lord the king see and my Lord the king why desire this matter. [§]
Vayomer Yoav el hamelekh ve yosef Yahveh Eloheikha el ha am kahen ve kahen meah peamim ve einei adoni hamelekh root va adoni hamelekh lama chafetz ba dabar hazeh
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yoav' is the name 'Job', 'el' means 'to', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 've' means 'and', 'yosef' means 'may add', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Eloheikha' combines 'Elohim' ('the Gods') with the possessive suffix 'your', so it means 'your the Gods' or more naturally 'your Gods', 'el' again means 'to', 'ha' means 'the', 'am' means 'people', 'kahen' is an idiom meaning 'as they are', repeated for emphasis, 'meah' means 'a hundred', 'peamim' means 'times', 've' again 'and', 'einei' means 'the eyes of', 'adoni' translates as 'my Lord', 'hamelekh' again 'the king', 'rooft' means 'see', 'va' means 'and', 'adoni' again 'my Lord', 'lama' means 'why', 'chafetz' means 'desire', 'ba' means 'in', 'davar' means 'matter' or 'thing', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[2SA.24.4] And the word of the king was strengthened toward Joab and toward the chiefs of the army, and Joab went out and the chiefs of the army stood before the king to command the people of Israel. [§]
Va-yechezak dever ha-melekh el Yoav ve'al sarei he-chayil va-yeetze Yoav ve-sarei ha-chayil lifnei ha-melekh lifkod et ha-am et Yisrael.
'Va-yechezak' means 'and he strengthened' (the word of the king). 'dever' means 'the word'. 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'. 'el' means 'to' or 'toward'. 'Yoav' is the name Joab. 've'al' means 'and against' or 'and concerning'. 'sarei' means 'the heads' or 'chiefs'. 'he-chayil' means 'of the army/force'. 'va-yeetze' means 'and he went out'. 've-sarei' means 'and the chiefs'. 'ha-chayil' again 'of the army'. 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of'. 'ha-melekh' means 'the king'. 'lifkod' means 'to command' or 'to order'. 'et' is the accusative marker (no translation). 'ha-am' means 'the people'. 'et' again accusative. 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[2SA.24.5] And they crossed the Jordan, and they camped at Aroer on the right side of the city that is within the great river, and to Jazer. [§]
Vayya'avoru et-hayarden vayachanu ba'aro'er yemín ha'ir asher betoch ha'nachal hagad ve'el Ya'azer.
'Vayya'avoru' means 'and they crossed', 'et-hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'vayachanu' means 'and they camped', 'ba'aro'er' means 'at Aroer', 'yemín' means 'right (side)', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'asher' means 'that', 'betoch' means 'within', 'ha'nachal' means 'the river', 'hagad' means 'great', 've'el' means 'and to', 'Ya'azer' is a place name.
[2SA.24.6] And they came to Gilead and to the southern (lower) land, my new; and they came to Dan because, and around to Sidon. [§]
vayyaboo ha-gilaadah ve-el eretz tahatim chadshee vayyaboo dana yaan ve-sabiv el tsidon.
'vayyaboo' means 'and they came', 'ha-gilaadah' means 'the Gilead', 've-el' means 'and to', 'eretz' means 'land', 'tahatim' means 'southern' or 'lower', 'chadshee' means 'my new' (interpreted as a descriptive term for the land), 'vayyaboo' again means 'and they came', 'dana' is the name 'Dan', 'yaan' means 'because' or 'as a result', 've-sabiv' means 'and around', 'el' means 'to', 'tsidon' means 'Sidon'.
[2SA.24.7] And they came from the fortress of Tzor and all the cities of the Hivite and the Canaanite, and they went out to the south of Judah at the well of the oath. [§]
Vayavohu mibtsar-Tzor vechol-arei haChivi vehaKnaani vayetzu el-negev Yehudah be-er Shava.
'Vayavohu' means 'and they came', 'mibtsar-Tzor' means 'from the fortress of Tzor', 'vechol-arei' means 'and all the cities of', 'haChivi' means 'the Hivite', 'vehaKnaani' means 'and the Canaanite', 'vayetzu' means 'and they went out', 'el-negev' means 'to the south', 'Yehudah' means 'of Judah', 'be-er' means 'at the well', 'Shava' means 'the oath' (referring to the place known as Beersheba).
[2SA.24.8] They spread out throughout the whole earth and they came from the end of nine months and twenty days [to] Jerusalem. [§]
Vayashutu bechol haaretz vayavo'u miketze tishah chodeshim ve'esrim yom Yerushalayim.
'Vayashutu' means 'they spread out', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'miketze' means 'from the end of', 'tishah' means 'nine', 'chodeshim' means 'months', 've'esrim' means 'and twenty', 'yom' means 'days', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem'.
[2SA.24.9] Joab gave the number of the people’s muster to the king, and Israel was eight hundred thousand mighty men, sword‑wielders, and Judah five hundred thousand men. [§]
Vayiten Yoav et-mispar mifked haam el-hamelek vatehi Yisrael shmonah me'ot eleph ish-chayil sholef cherev ve'ish Yehudah chamesh me'ot eleph ish.
'Vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'Yoav' is the name Joab, 'et-mispar' means 'the number of', 'mifked' means 'the muster or count', 'haam' means 'the people', 'el-hamelek' means 'to the king', 'vatehi' means 'and it was', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'shmonah me'ot' means 'eight hundred', 'eleph' means 'thousand', 'ish-chayil' means 'man of valour' or 'warrior', 'sholef cherev' means 'sword‑wielding', 've'ish' means 'and a man', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'chamesh me'ot' means 'five hundred', 'eleph' again 'thousand', and the final 'ish' means 'man'.
[2SA.24.10] David's heart was struck; later he counted the people, and then David said to Yahveh, 'I have sinned greatly in what I have done, and now Yahveh, please spare the sin of your servant, for I am greatly ashamed.' [§]
Vayach lev-David oto acharei-ken safar et-ha'am, savayer omer David el-Yahveh, chata'ti me'od asher asiti, ve'atah Yahveh, ha'aver-na et avon avdecha ki nisqalti me'od.
'Vayach' means 'and struck' (reflexive, indicating the heart was struck); 'lev' means 'heart'; 'David' is the name of the king; 'oto' means 'himself'; 'acharei-ken' means 'after this' or 'later'; 'safar' means 'to count' or 'to number'; 'et-ha'am' means 'the people' (the direct object marker 'et' has no English equivalent); 'savayer' (svayer) means 'then' or 'therefore'; 'omer' means 'said'; 'el' means 'to' and is used here before the divine name; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH; 'chata'ti' means 'I have sinned'; 'me'od' means 'greatly'; 'asher' means 'which' or 'that'; 'asiti' means 'I have done'; 've'atah' means 'and now'; second 'Yahveh' again the divine name; 'ha'aver-na' means 'please spare' (literally 'the forgiveness, please'); 'et' again the direct object marker; 'avon' means 'sin'; 'avdecha' means 'your servant'; 'ki' means 'because' or 'for'; 'nisqalti' means 'I have been disgraced' or 'I am greatly ashamed'; 'me'od' again 'greatly'.
[2SA.24.11] And David rose in the morning; the word of Yahveh came to Gad the prophet, David's seer, saying. [§]
Vayyakam David ba-boker pud-var-Yahveh hayah el-Gad ha-navi chozeh David le'emor.
'Vayyakam' means 'and rose/awoke', 'David' is the personal name, 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'pud-var-Yahveh' means 'the word of Yahveh', 'hayah' means 'came', 'el-Gad' means 'to Gad', 'ha-navi' means 'the prophet', 'chozeh' means 'seer' or 'visionary', 'David' repeats the name, 'le'emor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[2SA.24.12] Going and you will speak to David thus said Yahveh: Three I will cast upon you; choose for yourself one of them and I will do for you. [§]
haloch ve dibarta el David koh amar Yahveh shalosh anochi noteil aleicha bechar lecha achat mehem ve eeseh lach.
'haloch' means 'going', 've' means 'and', 'dibarta' means 'you will speak', 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the proper name David, 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'shalosh' means 'three', 'anochi' means 'I', 'noteil' means 'will cast' or 'will toss', 'aleicha' means 'upon you', 'bechar' means 'choose', 'lecha' means 'for yourself', 'achat' means 'one', 'mehem' means 'of them', 've' means 'and', 'eeseh' means 'I will make' or 'I will do', 'lach' means 'for you'.
[2SA.24.13] And Gad came to David and told him, saying, "Will you undergo seven years of famine in your land, if three months you are driven before your enemies and he pursues you? And if there would be three days of pestilence in your land, now know and see what reply I send you." [§]
va-yavo Gad el David va-yagged-lo va-yoamer lo ha-tavo lecha sheva shanim raav be-artzecha im shlosha chodeshim nuscha lefanetzarei cha ve-hu rodfecha ve-im heyot shloshet yamim dever be-artzecha attah da ve-reh maashiv sholchi daver.
'va-yavo' means 'and came', 'Gad' is the name of the prophet, 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the name of the king, 'va-yagged-lo' means 'and told him', 'va-yoamer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ha-tavo' means 'will you experience', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'sheva' means 'seven', 'shanim' means 'years', 'raav' means 'famine', 'be-artzecha' means 'in your land', 'im' means 'if', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'chodeshim' means 'months', 'nuscha' means 'you are driven', 'lefanetzarei cha' means 'before your enemies', 've-hu' means 'and he', 'rodfecha' means 'pursues you', 've-im' means 'and if', 'heyot' means 'there would be', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'yamim' means 'days', 'dever' means 'pestilence', 'attah' means 'now', 'da' means 'know', 've-reh' means 'and see', 'maashiv' means 'what reply', 'sholchi' means 'I send', 'daver' means 'the matter'.
[2SA.24.14] And David said to Gad, My distress is very great; let it fall in the hand of Yahveh, for his mercies are many, and let it not fall in the hand of man. [§]
vayomer David el Gad tzar li meod niffla na byad Yahveh ki rabim rachamav ubyad adam al efolla
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the personal name, 'el' means 'to', 'Gad' is the name of the prophet, 'tzar' means 'distress' or 'tightness', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'meod' means 'very', 'niffla' means 'let it fall' or 'let it be cast', 'na' is an emphatic particle, 'byad' means 'in the hand of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'rabim' means 'many', 'rachamav' means 'his mercies', 'ubyad' means 'and in the hand of', 'adam' means 'man', 'al' means 'not', 'efolla' means 'let it fall' or 'let it be cast'.
[2SA.24.15] And Yahveh gave a plague in Israel from the morning until the appointed time, and there died from the people, from Dan until Beersheba, seventy thousand men. [§]
Vayitten Yahveh dever beYisrael mehaboker ve'ad et moed vayamat min ha'am Midan ve'ad be'er Sheva shiv'im elef ish.
'Vayitten' means 'and he gave', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'dever' means 'plague', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 'mehaboker' means 'from the morning', 've'ad' means 'and until', 'et' is a grammatical marker of the accusative, 'moed' means 'appointed time', 'vayamat' means 'and there died', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'Midan' means 'Dan', 've'ad' again means 'and until', 'be'er Sheva' means 'Beersheba', 'shiv'im' means 'seventy', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'ish' means 'men'.
[2SA.24.16] And he sent his hand, the angel, to Jerusalem to destroy it; and Yahveh relented concerning the evil and said to the angel, the destroyer of the people, 'Many, now, withdraw your hand,' and an angel of Yahveh was with the horn of the avarna, the yebusi. [§]
Vayishlach yado hamal'ach Yerushalayim l'shachetah, vayinnahem Yahveh el-hara, vayomer lamal'ach hamashchit ba'am rav attah heraf yadecha, u-malak Yahveh haya im goren ha'avarna hayebusi.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'hamal'ach' means 'the angel', 'Yerushalayim' means 'Jerusalem', 'l'shachetah' means 'to destroy it', 'vayinnahem' means 'and he relented', 'Yahveh' is the divine name translated as 'Yahveh', 'el-hara' means 'concerning the evil', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lamal'ach' means 'to the angel', 'hamashchit' means 'the destroyer', 'ba'am' means 'of the people', 'rav' means 'many', 'attah' means 'now', 'heraf' means 'withdraw' or 'let go', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'u-malak' means 'and an angel', 'haya' means 'was', 'im' means 'with', 'goren' means 'horn', 'ha'avarna' means 'the avarna (a type of ivory)', 'hayebusi' means 'the yebusi (pertaining to Jebus)'.
[2SA.24.17] David said to Yahveh, when he saw the angel striking the people, "Behold, I have sinned, and I have caused error, and these the flock—what have they done? Please, let your hand be upon me and in my father's house." [§]
Vayomer David el Yahveh bir'oto et ha-malach ha-makkeh ba-am vayomer hineh anochi chatati ve-anochi he'eveiti ve'eleh ha-tzon meh asu t'hi na yadkha bi uvebeit avi.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the proper name David, 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bir'oto' means 'when he saw', 'et' is a direct‑object marker with no English equivalent, 'ha-malach' means 'the messenger' or 'angel', 'ha-makkeh' means 'the striker' (referring to the one striking), 'ba-am' means 'among the people', the second 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'chatati' means 'have sinned', 've-anochi' means 'and I', 'he'eveiti' means 'have caused error' or 'have led astray', 've'eleh' means 'and these', 'ha-tzon' means 'the flock' or 'the sheep', 'meh' means 'what', 'asu' means 'they did', 't'hi' means 'be' (imperative), 'na' means 'please' or a pleading particle, 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'bi' means 'upon me' or 'in me', 'uvebeit' means 'and in the house', 'avi' means 'of my father'.
[2SA.24.18] And Gad came to David on that day and he said to him, "Go, raise an altar to Yahveh in Goren Aranya the Yebusite." [§]
Vayavo Gad el David bayom hahu vayomer lo aleh haqem laYahveh mizbeach beGoren Aranya haYebusi.
'Vayavo' means 'and came', 'Gad' is a personal name, 'el' means 'to', 'David' is a personal name, 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'aleh' means 'go up' or 'go', 'haqem' means 'raise' or 'build', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'beGoren' means 'in Goren', 'Aranya' is a place name, 'haYebusi' means 'the Yebusite'.
[2SA.24.19] And David rose up according to the word of Gad as Yahveh commanded. [§]
vayyial David kidvar Gad kaasher tzivah Yahveh.
'vayyial' means 'and he went up' or 'and he rose', 'David' is the proper name, 'kidvar' means 'according to the word', 'Gad' is the name of the prophet, 'kaasher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'tzivah' means 'he commanded', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH.
[2SA.24.20] Aravnah looked and saw the king and his servants passing by him; Aravnah went out and bowed to the king, his face to the ground. [§]
vayashkef aravnah vayyar et ha-melekh ve-et avadav ovrim alav vayetse aravnah vayishtachu la-melekh affav artzah.
'vayashkef' means 'and he looked', 'aravnah' is a proper name, 'vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 've-et' means 'and (the) ...', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'ovrim' means 'passing' or 'going by', 'alav' means 'over him' or 'against him', 'vayetse' means 'and he went out', the second 'aravnah' repeats the name, 'vayishtachu' means 'and they bowed down', 'la-melekh' means 'to the king', 'affav' means 'his face', and 'artzah' means 'to the ground'.
[2SA.24.21] And Aravnah said, 'Why has my Lord the king come to his servant?' And David said, 'To purchase from you the vineyard so that a altar may be built to Yahveh and the plague may be stopped from the people.' [§]
Vayomer Aravnah madua ba adoni ha-melekh el avdo vayomer David liknot me'imekha et ha-goren livnot mizbeach la-Yahveh ve-te'atsar ha-maggefah me'al ha-am.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Aravnah' is a proper name, 'madua' means 'why', 'ba' means 'has come', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'avdo' means 'his servant', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is a proper name, 'liknot' means 'to purchase', 'me'imekha' means 'from you', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha-goren' means 'the vineyard', 'livnot' means 'to build', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 've-te'atsar' means 'and may be stopped', 'ha-maggefah' means 'the plague', 'me'al' means 'from upon', 'ha-am' means 'the people'.
[2SA.24.22] And Aravnah said to David, 'Take and bring up, my Lord the King, good in his eyes, see the cattle for the burnt offering and the fat portions and the implements of the cattle for the fire.' [§]
Vayomer Aravnah el-David yikach veyaal Adoni haMelech haTov beeinav reeh haBakar laola vehaMoragim ukelei haBakar laetsim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Aravnah' is the name of the speaker, 'el-David' means 'to David', 'yikach' means 'he will take', 'veyaal' means 'and bring up', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'haMelech' means 'the King', 'haTov' means 'the good', 'beeinav' means 'in his eyes', 'reeh' means 'see', 'haBakar' means 'the cattle', 'laola' means 'for the burnt offering', 'vehaMoragim' means 'and the fat portions', 'uklei' means 'and the implements', 'laetsim' means 'for the fire'.
[2SA.24.23] Everything gave Aravnah the king to the king, so Aravnah said to the king, Yahveh your God will please you. [§]
ha-kol nathan aravnah ha-melekh la-melekh so vayomer aravnah el-hamelekh Yahveh eloheikha yirtsekha.
'ha-kol' means 'the all' or 'everything', 'nathan' means 'gave', 'aravnah' is a proper name, 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'la-melekh' means 'to the king', 'so vayomer' means 'so he said', the second 'aravnah' repeats the name, 'el-hamelekh' means 'to the king', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'eloheikha' means 'your God', and 'yirtsekha' means 'will please you' or 'will be pleased with you'.
[2SA.24.24] The king said to Aravnah, I will not buy from you by weight, and I will not bring to Yahveh my God burnt offerings of grain. And David bought the threshing floor and the ox with fifty shekels of silver. [§]
Vayomer HaMelech el‑Aravnah lo ki‑kano ekne me'otkha bimechir ve'lo a'ale leYahveh Elohai olot chinam vayiken David et‑haGoren ve'et‑haBakar beKesef shkalim khamishim.
'Vayomer' means 'said', 'HaMelech' means 'the king', 'el' means 'to', 'Aravnah' is a proper name, 'lo' means 'not', 'ki' means 'that', 'kano' means 'I will buy', 'ekne' means 'I will purchase', 'me'otkha' means 'from you', 'bimechir' means 'by weight', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'a'ale' means 'I will bring up', 'leYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (YHVH translated as Yahveh), 'Elohai' means 'my God' (God translated as God), 'olot' means 'burnt offerings', 'chinam' means 'grain', 'vayiken' means 'and David bought', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haGoren' means 'the threshing floor', 've'et' means 'and the', 'haBakar' means 'the ox', 'beKesef' means 'with silver', 'shkalim' means 'shekels', 'khamishim' means 'fifty'.
[2SA.24.25] And David built there an altar to Yahveh, and he offered burnt offerings and peace offerings, and Yahveh listened to the earth and the plague was stopped from over Israel. [§]
Vayiven sham David mizbeiach laYahveh vayya'al olot ushlamim vayye'ater Yahveh laaretz vatea'atzar hamagefah me'al Yisrael.
'Vayiven' means 'and he built', 'sham' means 'there', 'David' is the proper name David, 'mizbeiach' means 'altar', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered literally as Yahveh), 'vayya'al' means 'and he offered', 'olot' means 'burnt offerings', 'ushlamim' means 'peace offerings', 'vayye'ater' means 'and Yahveh listened/awoke', 'laaretz' means 'to the earth', 'vatea'atzar' means 'and the plague was stopped', 'hamagefah' means 'the plague', 'me'al' means 'from over', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.