Saint Peter's second letter

2PE (Saint Peter's second letter)

2PE.1

[2PE.1.1] Simeon, Stone, a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, to those sharing a like precious faith with us, granted in the righteousness of our God and Savior Jesus Christ. [§] Simeon Petros doulos kai apostolos Iesous Christou tois isotimon hemin lachousin pistin en dikaiosune tou theou hemon kai soter Iesous Christou This verse is from the New Testament, specifically 2 Peter 1:1. It is a greeting from Simon Peter to those who have been granted a faith of equal preciousness with their own through the righteousness of our God and Savior, Jesus Christ. The names used here are 'Simeon', 'Petros', 'Iesous', and 'Christou'. The verse also contains words relating to servitude ('doulos') and apostleship ('apostolos'). [2PE.1.2] Grace to you and peace may abound in knowledge of God and Jesus of our Lord. [§] khah-rees hoo-meen kai ay-ray-nee ploo-thoo-nay en eh-pig-no-see too the-oo ko-ee kah-ee ee-ay-soos too koo-ree-os hay-mon This verse appears to be from the New Testament, specifically 2 Peter 1:2. 'Khah-rees' signifies grace or favor. 'Hoo-meen' is 'you' plural. 'Kai' means 'and'. 'Ay-ray-nee' is 'peace'. 'Ploo-thoo-nay' means 'may abound' or 'increase greatly'. 'En' means 'in'. 'Eh-pig-no-see' refers to 'knowledge'. 'Too the-oo' translates to 'of God'. 'Kah-ee' is 'and'. 'Ee-ay-soos' is 'Jesus'. 'Too koo-ree-os' translates to 'of the Lord'. 'Hay-mon' signifies 'our'. Given the context, 'theos' should be translated as 'God', and 'kyrios' should be translated as 'Lord'. [2PE.1.3] As all things pertaining to life and godliness have been given to us by the power of the Gods through the knowledge of the one who called us with his own glory and excellence. [§] hos panta hemin tes theias dunameos autou ta pros zoen kai eusebeian dedoremenes dia tes epignoseos tou kalesantos hemas idia doxe kai arete This verse discusses all things pertaining to life and godliness being given by the power of God through the knowledge of the one who called us with his own glory and excellence. 'Theias' refers to divine power. 'Doxe' is glory. 'Arete' is excellence or virtue. [2PE.1.4] Through which have been given to us valuable and greatest promises, so that through these you might become partakers of the divine nature, escaping the corruption that is in the world through desire. [§] dee hon ta teemia kai megista hemin epaggellomata dedoretai, hina dia touton genethe theias koinonoi physeos apophygontes tes en to kosmo en epithymia phthoraas. This verse discusses how valuable and great promises have been given to us, so that through these we might become partakers of the divine nature, escaping the corruption that is in the world through desire. The original text uses words relating to honor, greatness, promises, divine participation, and corruption. The word 'theos' appears, which we translate as 'God'. [2PE.1.5] And besides these things, you have supplied all diligence, providing excellence in your faith, and in the excellence, knowledge. [§] kai auto touto de spoudēn pasan pareisenenkantes epichorēgēsate en tēi pistei humōn tēn aretēn, en de tēi aretēi tēn gnōsin This verse appears to be from a Greek translation of the Bible, and requests a translation based on a literal rendering of divine names. However, the provided verse does not contain any names of God. Therefore, the translation will be a standard English translation of the Greek text, as if it were any other verse. The verse speaks of adding qualities to faith, namely excellence and knowledge. [2PE.1.6] And in knowledge, self-control; and in self-control, endurance; and in endurance, godliness. [§] en de tee gnosee teen enkrateian, en de tee enkrateia teen hypomoneen, en de tee hypomonee teen eusebeian This verse is from the Greek text of 2 Peter 1:6 and lists virtues building upon each other. 'En' means 'in', 'de' means 'and', 'tee' is the definite article 'the' in the dative case, 'gnosee' means 'knowledge', 'enkrateian' means 'self-control', 'hypomoneen' means 'endurance', and 'eusebeian' means 'godliness'. The verse outlines a progression: in knowledge, self-control; in self-control, endurance; in endurance, godliness. [2PE.1.7] And in piety, the brotherly love, and in the brotherly love, the unconditional love. [§] en de tei eusebeia ten philadelphia en de tei philadelphia ten agape This verse is from a non-Biblical text, specifically a fragment from the apocryphal Letter of Barnabas. It discusses a progression of virtues. 'Eusebeia' refers to piety or reverence; 'philadelphia' means brotherly love; and 'agape' denotes a higher, unconditional love. The 'ten' before 'philadelphia' and 'agape' indicates 'the'. 'En de' means 'and in' or 'and with respect to'. [2PE.1.8] For these qualities existing in you and abounding do not make you idle nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. [§] tau-ta gar hu-min hu-par-chon-ta kai ple-o-naz-on-ta ouk ar-goos oude a-kar-poos ka-this-tee-sin eis ten tou koo-ree-ou he-mon ee-ay-soo khoo-stoo ep-ee-gno-sin This verse speaks about qualities existing within believers that are not idle or unfruitful, but contribute to an increasing knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. The verse uses a participle construction implying these qualities actively lead to the stated result. The Greek word 'kurious' means 'lord' or 'master'. The verse describes these qualities as actively contributing to the knowledge of our Lord, Jesus Christ. [2PE.1.9] For whoever does not have these things is blind, shortsighted, having taken forgetfulness of his past sins. [§] hos gar me parestin tauta, tuphlos estin muopazon lethen labon tou katharismou ton palai autou hamartion. This verse uses pronouns and relative clauses common in Koine Greek. 'Hos' is a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. 'Gar' means 'for'. 'Me' is a negative adverb meaning 'not'. 'Parestin' means 'is present' or 'has'. 'Tauta' means 'these things'. 'Tuphlos' means 'blind'. 'Muopazon' is a present participle meaning 'shortsighted' or 'blinking'. 'Lethen' means 'forgetfulness'. 'Labon' is a perfect participle meaning 'having taken'. 'Tou katharismou' means 'of the cleansing'. 'Ton palai' means 'of the former' or 'of the past'. 'Autou' is a possessive pronoun meaning 'his'. 'Hamartion' means 'sins'. [2PE.1.10] Therefore, brothers, strive more to make certain your calling and your election. For by doing these things, you will never stumble. [§] dee-oh mal-lon, a-del-foi, spooh-dah-seh-teh veh-bay-an hoo-mon teen klee-seen kai ek-log-een po-ee-es-thai; taw-ta gar poy-oon-tes oo mee ptai-seh-teh po-te. This verse comes from 2 Peter 1:10. It urges believers to make their calling and election sure. The original language is Koine Greek. The verse expresses the importance of actively confirming one's faith and standing with God. The core idea is that by diligently living a life consistent with their beliefs, believers can avoid stumbling or falling away. [2PE.1.11] For in this way will the entrance be richly supplied to you into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. [§] houtos gar plousios epichoregethesetai humin he eisodos eis ten aionion basileian tou kuriou hemon kai soteros Iesou Christou. This verse speaks of a rich supply or abundance being given to believers, granting them entrance into the eternal kingdom of their Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. 'Epichoregethesetai' implies a generous provision or bestowing of something. The verse emphasizes the fullness of access granted through Christ. [2PE.1.12] Therefore, I intend always to remind you concerning these matters, even though you know them and are established in the present truth. [§] dee-oh mel-luh-so ah-ee hoo-mas hoo-po-meem-nes-keen pe-ree too-ton kai-per ey-do-tas kai es-tee-reeg-men-os en tee pa-roo-say a-lee-thee-a. This verse is from 2 Peter 1:12 in the Greek New Testament. It expresses the apostle's intention to continue reminding believers of truths they already know and are established in. The words themselves denote a continuous action ('I will be always reminding') directed toward a group ('you') regarding certain things ('these things'), despite their existing knowledge and firm foundation in the truth. 'These things' refers to the previous verses regarding divine promises and escaping corruption. [2PE.1.13] I consider it just, as long as I am in this body, to stir you up in remembrance. [§] dee-kai'-on deh heh-goo'-may, ef' ho-son ei-mee en too'-toe toh skay'-no-mah-tee, dee-eh-gair-ee-n hu-mas en hu-po-mnay-say This verse comes from 2 Peter 1:13. It expresses the speaker's opinion that it is right to stir up the memories of the audience while he is still alive. 'Dikaios' means 'just' or 'righteous'. 'Hegomai' means 'I think' or 'I consider'. 'Eph' hoson' means 'as long as' or 'in as much as'. 'En touto to skenomati' refers to 'in this tabernacle' or 'in this body'. 'Diegeirein' means 'to stir up' or 'to awaken'. 'Humas' is 'you' (plural). 'En hypomnesei' means 'in remembrance'. [2PE.1.14] Knowing that the putting off of my tent is swift, even as our Lord Jesus Christ declared to me. [§] ei-dos ho-ti ta-chi-nee es-tin hee a-po-the-sis too ski-no-ma-tos moo, ka-thos kai ho ku-ri-os he-mon Ie-sous Khri-stos e-dee-lo-sen moi. This verse is from the New Testament. 'ei-dos' means 'knowing'. 'tachinee' means 'swift'. 'hee apothesis' refers to the 'putting off' or 'departure' of my tent (body). 'hos kai' means 'even as'. 'ho kurios hemon' means 'our Lord'. 'Iesous Khristos' is 'Jesus Christ'. 'edeelosen moi' means 'declared to me'. [2PE.1.15] I also intend to be able to have you make remembrance of this after my departure. [§] I also intend to be able to have you make remembrance of this after my departure. This verse expresses the speaker's intention for the recipients to remember something after their departure. The original Greek uses constructions that are less common in modern English, resulting in a somewhat literal, though grammatically correct, translation. It uses 'poieisthai' which means 'to make' or 'to do' in the context of remembrance, hence 'make remembrance'. [2PE.1.16] For we did not follow cleverly constructed falsehoods when we made known to you the power and presence of our Lord Jesus Christ, but rather became witnesses of his greatness. [§] Oo gar sesofismenois mythois exakolouthasanten egnorisasmen humin ten tou kuriou hemon Iesou Christou dunamin kai parousian all’ epoptai genethentes tes ekeinou megaloititos. This verse speaks of not following deceptive stories, but rather directly perceiving the power and presence of our Lord Jesus Christ, and becoming witnesses to his greatness. 'Sesofismenois mythois' refers to cleverly constructed falsehoods. 'Exakolouthasanten' means 'we followed'. 'Egnorisasmen' is 'we made known'. 'Kuriou hemon' is 'our Lord'. 'Pparousian' refers to 'presence' or 'coming'. 'Epoptai' means 'witnesses' or 'observers'. 'Ekeinou' is 'of him'. 'Megaloititos' refers to 'greatness'. [2PE.1.17] For having received from God the Father honor and glory, a voice was carried to him of this kind from the majestic glory: "This is my Son, my beloved, in whom I am well pleased." [§] labon gar para theou patros timen kai doxan phone enechtheises autoi toiaude hypo tes megaloprepous doxes: ho huios mou ho agapetos mou houtos esti eis hon ego eudokesa This verse describes a moment where God the Father bestows honor and glory upon God the Son, accompanied by a voice from majestic glory declaring Him as the beloved Son in whom God is well pleased. "Theos" is "God", "Pater" is "Father", "Huios" is "Son", "Agapetos" is "beloved". The verse uses descriptive adjectives, such as "megaloprepous" meaning majestic or glorious, and emphasizes the relationship between the Father and the Son. [2PE.1.18] And we heard this voice carried from Heaven while being with him on the holy mountain. [§] kai tautēn tēn phōnēn hēmeis ēkousamen ex ouranou enechtheisan sun autō ontēs en tō hagiō orei This verse describes a voice heard from Heaven while the speakers were present on the holy mountain. "kai" means "and". "tautēn tēn phōnēn" means "this voice". "hēmeis" means "we". "ēkousamen" means "we heard". "ex ouranou" means "from Heaven". "enechtheisan" means "was carried". "sun autō" means "with him". "ontēs" means "being" or "while being". "en tō hagiō orei" means "on the holy mountain". [2PE.1.19] And we have the more certain prophetic word to which you do well to attend, as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day brightens and the light-bringer rises in your hearts. [§] kai echomen bebaioteron ton prophetikon logon ho kalos poiete prosechontes hos luchnoi phainonti en auchmerei topoi, heos hou hemera diaugasai kai phosphoros anateilei en tais kardiais humon This verse, from 2 Peter 1:19, speaks of the prophetic word as a reliable guide. It uses the imagery of a light shining in a dark place until the day dawns and the morning star rises in people's hearts. The verse is using metaphors throughout, so a literal translation will necessarily sound somewhat awkward. The key is to retain the imagery while ensuring understandable English. [2PE.1.20] Knowing this first, that all prophecy of scripture does not happen from its own resolution. [§] hoo-to pro-ton gin-os-kon-tes ho-ti pas-sa pro-phe-ti-a gra-fhees id-ee-as ep-ee-lu-se-os oo gi-ne-tai This verse discusses the interpretation of prophecy. "hoo-to" means "this." "pro-ton" means "first." "gin-os-kon-tes" means "knowing." "ho-ti" means "that." "pas-sa" means "all." "pro-phe-ti-a" means "prophecy." "gra-fhees" means "of scripture." "id-ee-as" means "of its own." "ep-ee-lu-se-os" means "resolution" or "interpretation." "oo" means "not." "gi-ne-tai" means "becomes" or "happens". The verse is stating that no prophecy of scripture arises from private interpretation. [2PE.1.21] For prophecy was never carried by human will, but people spoke from God, being carried by the holy spirit. [§] oo gar theleemati anthroopou enechethe propheteia pote, alla hupo pneumatos hagiu pheromenoi elalēsan apo theou anthrōpoi. This verse discusses the origin of prophecy. It states that prophecy did not originate from human will, but rather humans spoke from God, carried by the holy spirit. 'Thelema' refers to will or desire. 'Enechethe' means 'was carried' or 'was borne'. 'Pheromenoi' similarly refers to being carried or borne. 'Theou' is a genitive case, indicating 'from God'.

2PE.2

[2PE.2.1] And there came to be also false prophets among the people, just as there will be among you false teachers, who will introduce destructive teachings, and denying the Lord who purchased them, they will bring swift destruction upon themselves. [§] Ege-non-to de kai pseu-do-pro-phe-tai en to lao, hos kai en humin es-to-nai pseu-do-di-das-ka-loi hoi-ti-nes pa-rei-sa-gou-sin hai-re-ses a-po-lei-as kai ton a-go-ra-san-ta au-tous des-po-ten ar-nou-me-noi e-pa-gon-tes heau-tois ta-chi-nen a-po-lei-an. This verse speaks of false prophets and false teachers arising among the people, and warns that they will introduce destructive teachings and will deny the Lord who bought them, bringing swift destruction upon themselves. Each word is carefully examined for its literal meaning, avoiding traditional theological interpretations in the translation. 'Lao' means people, 'humon' means you (plural), and the structure is carefully translated to be proper English. [2PE.2.2] And many will follow them in their immoralities, by which the way of truth will be blasphemed. [§] kai polli exakolouthousin autōn tais aselgeias di’ hous hē hodos tēs alētheias blasphēmēthēsetai This verse describes many people following the immoralities of those who distort the way of truth, causing that way to be blasphemed. The original verse is in Koine Greek, but the request asks for a translation of the names of God literally, even though this verse does not contain any names of God. This translation will aim for grammatical correctness and clarity in English while maintaining the original meaning of the verse. [2PE.2.3] And in greed, they will trade you with false words, concerning which the judgment from long ago does not sleep, and their destruction does not slumber. [§] kai en pleonexia plastois logois humas emporiousontai hois to krima ekpalai ouk argei kai he apoleia auton ou nustazei. This verse describes individuals who exploit others through deceitful words for personal gain. It asserts that divine judgment against them is certain and will not be delayed, and their destruction will not remain inactive. The verse uses commercial imagery to depict the exploitation. [2PE.2.4] For if God did not spare angels who sinned, but cast them into chains of darkness, delivering them for judgment and keeping them [§] Ei gar ho theos angelon hamartesanton ouk epheisato alla seirais zophou tartarosas paredoken eis krisin teroumenous This verse discusses the fate of angels who sinned. "Theos" means "God". "Angelon" means "of angels". "Hamartesanton" means "having sinned". "Ouk epheisato" means "did not spare". "Seirais zophou" means "chains of darkness". "Tartarosas" means "having cast into Tartarus". "Paredoken" means "delivered". "Eis krisin" means "for judgment". "Teroumenous" means "being kept". The verse describes God not sparing angels who sinned, but casting them into chains of darkness, delivering them for judgment, and keeping them. [2PE.2.5] And of the ancient world He spared not, but He preserved Noah, a herald of righteousness, eight persons, having brought a flood upon a world of ungodly people. [§] kai archaiou kosmou ouk epheisato all' ogdoon Noe dikaiosunes keruka ephylaxen kataklusmon kosmoi asebon epaxas This verse describes God's judgement of the ancient world, specifically His preservation of Noah, a herald of righteousness, through the flood which He brought upon a world of ungodly people. The verse originates from 2 Peter 2:5. The original text is Koine Greek. [2PE.2.6] And the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, having covered them in ashes by destruction, judged an example of those who will be ungodly, having appointed it. [§] kai poleis Sodomon kai Gomorras tephrosas katastrophai katekrinen hupodeigma mellonton asebein tetheikos This verse describes the destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. "kai" means and. "poleis" means cities. "Sodomon" is the genitive of Sodom, indicating possession or association. "Gomorras" is the genitive of Gomorrah. "tephrosas" is an adjective meaning covered in ashes or burned. "katastrophai" means by destruction. "katekrinen" means judged. "hupodeigma" means example. "mellonton" refers to those who will be. "asebein" means ungodly. "tetheikos" means having set or appointed. [2PE.2.7] And righteous Lot was rescued while being distressed by the conduct of the lawless ones in debauchery. [§] kai dikaion Lot kataponoumenon hypo tes ton athesmon en aselgeia anastrophes erruasato This verse describes Lot being rescued while being distressed by the immoral conduct of the wicked. 'kai' means 'and'. 'dikaion' means 'righteous'. 'Lot' is a proper noun, the name of a person. 'kataponoumenon' means 'being distressed'. 'hypo' means 'by'. 'tes ton athesmon' means 'of the lawless ones'. 'en' means 'in'. 'aselgeia' means 'debauchery'. 'anastrophes' means 'conduct'. 'erruasato' means 'was rescued'. [2PE.2.8] For by gaze and by hearing, the righteous one was dwelling amongst them, and day after day a righteous soul was tormented by unlawful works. [§] blemmati gar kai akoe ho dikaios engatikoen en autois hemeran ex hemeras psyche dikaiam anomois ergis ebasanizen This verse describes a righteous person being tormented by wicked deeds, day after day. 'blemmati' relates to a gaze or look, but here functions as a way of describing perception. 'gar' means 'for'. 'kai' means 'and'. 'akoe' relates to hearing. 'ho dikaios' means 'the righteous one'. 'engatikoen' means 'dwelt'. 'en autois' means 'in them'. 'hemeran ex hemeras' means 'day after day'. 'psyche dikaiam' means 'righteous soul'. 'anomois ergis' means 'by unlawful works'. 'ebasanizen' means 'tormented'. [2PE.2.9] My Lord knows how to rescue the righteous from trial, but preserves the unjust for a day of judgment, to be punished. [§] oi-den koo-ree-os eu-se-bees ek pei-ras-moo roo-es-thai, a-dee-koos deh eis heh-meh-ran kree-se-os ko-la-zo-me-nous tee-reen This verse speaks of the Gods' knowledge of the righteous and the wicked. "oi-den" indicates knowledge. "koo-ree-os" is a term of respect, translated as "my Lord." "eu-se-bees" refers to the pious, or the righteous. "ek pei-ras-moo" means "from trial". "roo-es-thai" refers to rescuing or saving. "a-dee-koos" refers to the unjust, or the wicked. "eis heh-meh-ran kree-se-os" means "into the day of judgment." "ko-la-zo-me-nous" indicates being punished. "tee-reen" means to keep or preserve. [2PE.2.10] Moreover, those who go after the flesh in a desire for defilement, and who disregard dominion, are audacious. They are self-willed and do not tremble when they blaspheme. [§] malista de tous opiso sarkos en epithumia miasmu poreuomenous kai kuriotetos katafronountas. tolmētai authadeis doxas ou tremousin blasphēmounτες. This verse describes individuals who follow after the desires of the flesh, indulging in impurity, and who disregard dominion. They are audacious, self-willed, and do not tremble when speaking disrespectfully. [2PE.2.11] Where angels, being greater in power and might, do not bring a blasphemous judgement against them except according to Yahveh. [§] hoo-poo ang-geh-loi isch-ee kai doo-na-mei mei-zo-nes on-tes oo feh-roo-sin kat' au-ton par-a koo-ree-oh blast-feh-mon kree-seen. This verse discusses angels who are greater in power and might, and clarifies that even they do not bring a blasphemous judgement against anyone on their own authority, but only according to their Lord. The verse emphasizes the authority of the Lord over even powerful angelic beings. 'hoo-poo' means 'where'; 'ang-geh-loi' means 'angels'; 'isch-ee' means 'power'; 'kai' means 'and'; 'doo-na-mei' means 'might'; 'mei-zo-nes' means 'greater'; 'on-tes' means 'being'; 'oo' means 'not'; 'feh-roo-sin' means 'they carry/bring'; 'kat' means 'against'; 'au-ton' means 'them'; 'par-a' means 'beside/except'; 'koo-ree-oh' means 'Lord'; 'blast-feh-mon' means 'blasphemous'; 'kree-seen' means 'judgement'. [2PE.2.12] And these, as irrational animals born by nature for capture and destruction, in which they are ignorant, blaspheme within the destruction of themselves and they will be destroyed. [§] Hoo-tie deh hōs ah-lo-ga zō-ah gegennē-men-ah phusik-ah eis hal-ō-sin kai phthor-an en hois agno-oo-sin blasphē-moun-tes en tēi phthor-ēi autōn kai phtharēsontai This verse describes people who, like irrational animals, are born for capture and destruction. They are ignorant, blaspheme within their own destruction, and will be destroyed. The verse portrays a condemnation of those who live without understanding and engage in destructive behavior, ultimately facing ruin as a consequence. [2PE.2.13] We are being defrauded of a righteous reward, considering pleasure to be our enjoyment in a day of luxury. We are spots and blemishes, reveling in our own deceits, and sharing in these things with you. [§] adikoomeni misthon adikias hedonen hegoumenoi ten en hemera tryphen, spiloi kai momoi entryphontes en tais apatais auton syneuochoomenoi humin. This verse describes people who receive the wages of unrighteousness, considering pleasure to be their enjoyment in a day of luxury. They are described as spots and blemishes, reveling in their own deceptions and sharing in these things with others. [2PE.2.14] Their eyes are full of adultery and they possess unceasing sin, tempting souls who lack foundation, having a heart exercised in greed, they are children of curses. [§] ophthalmous echontes mestous moichalidos kai akatapavstous hamartias, deleazontes psuchas astēriktous, kardian gegymnasmenēn pleonexias echontes, kataras tekna. This verse describes people with eyes full of adultery and unceasing sin, tempting unstable souls, having a heart trained in greed, children of curses. It's a harsh indictment of character and spiritual state. Each element contributes to a picture of moral decay and spiritual danger. The verse uses vivid imagery to depict the corrupting influence of these individuals. [2PE.2.15] Having abandoned the straight path, they strayed, continuing in the way of Balaam son of Bosor, who loved a reward of unrighteousness. [§] katalípontes eútheian hodón eplanḗthesan exakolouthésantes tḗi hodói tou Baláam tou Bosór hós misthón adikías ḗgápesen This verse describes people abandoning the straight path and following the way of Balaam son of Bosor, who loved the reward of unrighteousness. Each word is translated as literally as possible, prioritizing direct meaning over traditional theological interpretations. The names 'Balaam' and 'Bosor' are maintained as they are proper nouns. [2PE.2.16] And a judgment was received for the lawlessness of its own kind. A voiceless yoke, uttering a sound in human speech, restrained the madness of the prophet. [§] el-eh-gheen deh es-khen ee-dee-ahs pa-ra-no-mee-ahs hoo-po-zoo-gee-on ah-fo-non en an-thro-poo fo-nay fthayg-sa-men-on eh-ko-loo-sen teen too pro-fee-too pa-ra-fro-nee-an. This verse discusses a rebuke, specifically a judgment against one's own lawlessness. It describes a voiceless yoke uttering a sound in the voice of a human, which restrained the madness of the prophet. The words 'El' and 'Elohim' are not present in this verse, but I will include a translation assuming an implied reference to the Gods. The verse uses an accusative case structure common in ancient texts, requiring restructuring for modern English. [2PE.2.17] These are sources without water and mists driven by a storm, for whom the darkness of darkness has been reserved. [§] hoo-toi ei-sin peh-gai an-oo-droi kai ho-mich-lai hupo lai-la-pos el-au-o-men-ai hois ho zophos tou skotus te-te-re-tai. This verse describes sources without water and mists driven by a storm, for whom darkness has been reserved. The verse uses metaphorical language to portray a desolate and hopeless state. "πηγαὶ" (pegai) means 'sources' or 'springs'. "ἄνυδροι" (anudroi) means 'without water' or 'waterless'. "ὁμίχλαι" (homichlai) means 'mists'. "λαίλαπος" (lailapos) means 'storm' or 'tempest'. "ἐλαυνόμεναι" (elaunomenai) means 'driven' or 'borne along'. "ζόφος" (zophos) means 'darkness'. "σκότους" (skotus) means 'darkness'. "τετήρηται" (teteretai) means 'has been reserved' or 'is kept'. [2PE.2.18] For they utter excessive worthlessness, tempting others with the desires of flesh and impurities, those who are truly escaping those who are walking in deception. [§] hoo-per-og-kah gar ma-tai-o-teh-tos ftheng-om-en-oi del-eaz-ous-in en ep-i-thoo-mi-ais sar-kos as-el-gei-ais tous on-tos a-po-feug-on-tas tous en plan-ay a-na-stre-fo-men-ous This verse describes people uttering excessive emptiness, tempting others with the desires of the flesh and impurities, those truly escaping those walking in error. [2PE.2.19] They proclaim freedom to others, while they themselves are slaves existing in corruption. For whoever is defeated by something, is enslaved to it. [§] eleutherian autois epangellomenoi autoi douloi hyparchontes tes phthoras, ho gar tis hettatai, touto dedoulo tai. This verse discusses the paradox of proclaiming freedom while being enslaved to corruption. 'Eleutherian' signifies freedom. 'Autois' means 'to them'. 'Epangellomenoi' translates to 'proclaiming'. 'Autoi' means 'themselves' or 'they'. 'Douloi' means 'slaves'. 'Hyparchontes' means 'existing' or 'being'. 'Tes phthoras' means 'of corruption'. 'Ho gar tis' means 'for whoever'. 'Hettatai' means 'is defeated'. 'Touto' means 'him'. 'Dedoulotai' means 'is enslaved'. Therefore, the verse speaks of those who promise freedom to others, but are themselves bound by corruption, stating that anyone who is overcome is enslaved by that which overcomes them. [2PE.2.20] For if, having escaped the contaminations of the world through knowledge of my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they become entangled in them again, they are overcome, and their last things have become worse than their first. [§] ei gar apophugontes ta miasmata tou kosmou en epignosei tou kuriou kai soteros Iesou Christou, toutois de palin emplakentes hettontai, gegonen autois ta eschata cheirona ton proton. This verse discusses the danger of falling back into worldly corruption after having known the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. It warns that those who revert to their former ways will find their final condition worse than their initial one. 'Kurious' means 'Lord'. 'Soter' means 'Savior'. The verse contains a conditional statement: if one escapes the contamination of the world through knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, but then becomes entangled in it again, they are overcome, and their last state is worse than their first. [2PE.2.21] For it was better for them not to have known the way of righteousness than, having known it, to turn back from the holy command delivered to them. [§] kreitton gar en autois me epegnōkenai tēn hodon tēs dikaiosunēs ē epig nousin hypostrephai ek tēs paradotheisēs autois hagias entoles This verse discusses it being better for some not to have known the way of righteousness, than to know it and then turn back from the holy command given to them. The verse deals with concepts of knowing God’s law and then willfully rejecting it. The grammar indicates a conditional statement about what is preferable. [2PE.2.22] It happened to them according to the true proverb: a dog returns to its own vomit, and a sow washes herself in a mud wallow. [§] symbebeken autois to tes alēthous parimias: kuōn epistrephas epi to idion exerama, kai: hūs lousamenē eis kylismon borborou. This verse is from the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures. It describes a situation using animal imagery. 'symbebeken' means 'it happened', or 'it befell'. 'autois' means 'to them'. 'tēs alēthous parimias' means 'of the true proverb'. 'kuōn epistrephas epi to idion exerama' means 'a dog returning to its own vomit'. 'kai' means 'and'. 'hūs lousamenē eis kylismon borborou' means 'a sow washing herself in mud'. The verse illustrates a return to former habits or a degradation of character.

2PE.3

[2PE.3.1] This, already, beloved ones, is a second letter I write to you in which I stir up your sincere understanding. [§] Tav-teen eh-dee, ah-gah-peh-toh-ee, dev-teh-ran hoo-meen grah-foh eh-pee-sto-leen en hais dee-eh-geh-ro hoo-meen en hoo-poh-meh-nee ten eh-ee-lee-kree-nes dee-ah-noh-ee-ahn This verse is from the Second Letter of Peter, chapter 1, verse 13. It’s a letter written to beloved individuals, and the author is writing a second letter to them, intending to stir up their sincere mindset. [2PE.3.2] To remember the previously spoken words by the holy prophets and the command of your apostles from my Lord and savior. [§] mnesthēnai tōn proeirēmenōn rhēmatōn hypo tōn hagiōn prophētōn kai tēs tōn apostolōn hymōn entolēs tou kyriou kai sōtēros. This verse discusses remembering previously spoken words by holy prophets and the command of your apostles from the Lord and Savior. The original text is in Greek, not related to the names of God commonly found in the Hebrew Bible. Therefore, there are no direct names of God to translate literally as per the stated rules. Instead, we will translate the terms that relate to God, "Lord" and "Savior," as literally as possible given the context. 'Kyrios' literally means 'my lord' and 'Sōtēr' means 'savior'. [2PE.3.3] Knowing this first, that in the last of the days people will come, mocking, mockers going according to their own desires. [§] too-to pro-ton gi-nos-kon-tes ho-ti el-eu-so-ntai ep’ es-cha-ton ton he-me-ron en em-pai-gmo-nee em-pai-ktai ka-ta tas i-di-as ep-i-thu-mi-as au-ton po-reu-o-men-oi This verse describes people who will come in the last days, mocking and following their own desires. It is important to note the use of plural forms suggesting multiple individuals and a collective action. The word translated as ‘mocking’ or ‘scoffing’ implies a deliberate rejection of established norms or beliefs. The phrasing ‘following their own desires’ denotes a prioritization of personal gratification over moral or spiritual principles. [2PE.3.4] And they were saying, "Where is the promise of His arrival? For since our fathers fell asleep, everything continues as it was from the beginning of creation." [§] kai legontes poo estin hee epangelia tees parousias autoou aph’ hes gar hoi pateres ekoimeethsan, panta houtos diameinei ap’ archees ktiseos. This verse asks where is the promise of His arrival, since the fathers have fallen asleep, everything continues as it was from the beginning of creation. It's a query regarding the fulfillment of a promised return or manifestation. The word 'parousia' refers to an arrival, presence, or coming. 'Ekoimeethsan' is 'fell asleep', which is a euphemism for death. 'Ktiseos' refers to 'creation'. [2PE.3.5] For this is what He wills to conceal from them: that the heavens existed from ancient times, and the earth came into being from water and was composed by means of water according to the word of God. [§] lanthane gar autous touto thelontas hoti ouranoi esan ekpalai kai ge ex hudatos kai di hudatos sunestosa toi tou theou logou This verse speaks of God's intention to conceal something from people, specifically relating to the ancient origins of the heavens and the earth, which came into being from and by means of water, and according to the word of God. The original language is Koine Greek, not the original Biblical languages of Hebrew and Aramaic. Therefore, a literal translation of the Greek words themselves is required, rather than a translation of the names of God from Hebrew. [2PE.3.6] Through whom the then world, having been flooded by water, perished. [§] dee hon ho tote kosmos hudati kataklustheis apoleto This verse discusses the destruction of the former world by water. 'dee hon' means 'through whom.' 'ho tote kosmos' means 'the then world.' 'hudati' means 'by water.' 'kataklustheis' means 'having been flooded.' 'apoleto' means 'it perished.' [2PE.3.7] But the present heavens and the earth are stored up with the same word, being kept for a day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly people. [§] hoi de nun ouranoi kai he ge to autō logo tethērismenoi eisī pyrī tēroumenoi eis hēmeran kriseōs kai apōleias tōn asebōn anthrōpōn. This verse speaks of the current heavens and earth being reserved for fire, kept for a day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly people. 'Ouranoi' refers to the heavens, and 'ge' to the earth. The verse emphasizes that these are currently reserved, not immediately destroyed. 'Asebon' refers to ungodly or wicked people. [2PE.3.8] But let not this be hidden from you, beloved, that one day with my Lord is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. [§] hen de touto me lanthanēto humās, agapētoi, hoti mia hēmera para kyrios hōs chililia etē kai chililia etē hōs hēmera mia. This verse states that one day with the Lord is like a thousand years and a thousand years are like one day. "hen" means 'one'. "de" means 'but, and'. "touto" means 'this'. "me" is a negative particle meaning 'not'. "lanthanēto" is a verb meaning 'to escape notice, to be hidden'. "humās" means 'you'. "agapētoi" means 'beloved'. "hoti" means 'that'. "mia" means 'one'. "hēmera" means 'day'. "para" means 'with'. "kyrios" means 'Lord'. "hōs" means 'as'. "chililia" means 'thousands'. "etē" means 'years'. [2PE.3.9] The Lord does not delay the promise, as some consider slowness, but is patient towards you, not willing that any should be lost but desiring that all should come to repentance. [§] ou bradynei kyrios tes epangelias, hos tines bradyta hegountai, alla makrothymei eis humas me voulomenos tinas apolesthai alla pantas eis metanoian choreesai. This verse discusses the apparent delay of God’s promise. It states that some people perceive a slowness, but God is actually patient, not wanting anyone to perish but desiring that all people repent. ‘Kyrios’ refers to ‘my Lord’ in this context, meaning a master or someone in authority. The verse clarifies that this isn’t a delay, but patience extended to allow for repentance. [2PE.3.10] And the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night, in which the heavens will pass away with a rushing sound, and the elements will be dissolved, and the earth and all its works will not be found. [§] hay-kee deh heh-meh-rah koo-ree-oo hoss klep-tees en hee hoi oo-rah-noi rho-ee-zhee-don par-eh-loo-son-tai, sto-hee-hee-ah deh ka-oo-soo-meh-nah loo-thee-setai, kai geh kai ta en au-tee er-gah ooch hoo-reh-thee-setai. This verse describes the day of the Lord coming like a thief. The heavens will pass away with a rushing sound, and the elements will be dissolved. The earth and all its works will not be found. Note that the original is Greek, but the prompt asked for a literal translation of the *names* of God as if from the original Biblical languages, and assumed the text *was* from those languages. The names of God do not appear in this verse, so this is a simple, literal translation of the verse itself. [2PE.3.11] With all these things being loosened, it is necessary for you to be in holy ways of life and devotion. [§] Too-toon hoo-tos pan-ton loo-o-men-on po-ta-poos dei hu-par-chein hu-mas en ha-gee-ais a-nas-tro-fais kai eu-se-bei-ais This verse discusses the need for righteous living. It states that, with all these things dissolving (likely referring to worldly matters), you must exist in holy conduct and piety. The original language used terms relating to moral behavior and a call to live righteously. [2PE.3.12] Those who are waiting for and hurrying the coming of the day of God, on which the heavens, being ignited, will be dissolved and the elements, being burned, will melt. [§] pros-dok-on-tas kai speu-don-tas ten par-ou-see-an tes tou the-ou he-me-ras di’ hen ou-ra-noi pu-rou-men-oi lu-the-so-ntai kai stoi-chei-a kaus-o-men-a te-ke-tai. This verse describes those who are anticipating and hastening the coming of the day of God. It further describes that on that day, the heavens will be ignited and dissolved, and the elements will be melted by burning. The original Greek uses terms that describe expectation and eagerness, and then vividly portrays a cataclysmic event. [2PE.3.13] And we anticipate new heavens and a new earth, according to the promise of the Gods, in which righteousness resides. [§] kai-noos deh oo-ra-noos kai geen kai-nee ka-ta to ep-an-gel-ma au-too pros-dok-o-men en hois di-kai-o-soo-nee ka-toi-kei. This verse speaks of a new heaven and a new earth, anticipated according to God’s promise, in which righteousness dwells. The words 'new' refer to qualitative newness, not merely temporal newness. The 'promise' is a divine declaration. 'Dwells' suggests an abiding presence. [2PE.3.14] Therefore, beloved ones, while anticipating these things, strive to be found by God without spot and blameless, in peace. [§] Dee-oh, ah-gah-peh-toh-ee, tow-tah pros-dok-on-tes spooh-dah-sah-teh ahs-pee-loy kai ah-moh-meh-toy ow-toh eu-reh-theh-nai en eh-ree-nay This verse is from 2 Peter 3:14. It urges believers to strive to be found by God without blemish and in peace, while anticipating his coming. The original Greek uses terms like 'beloved' and emphasizes diligent effort towards moral purity. It is important to note that the original text does not refer to a specific name of God, but rather refers to 'him' or 'God' generally. [2PE.3.15] And consider the Lord's patience as salvation, as our beloved brother Paul has written to you according to the wisdom that was given to him. [§] kai ten tou kyriou hemon makrothymian sotērian hēgeishte, kathōs kai ho agapētos hēmōn adelphos Paulos kata tēn dotheisan autō sophian egrapsen hymīn This verse is from the Greek New Testament. 'Kyrios' means 'Lord', 'makrothymia' means 'longsuffering', 'sotēria' means 'salvation', 'agapētos' means 'beloved', 'adelphos' means 'brother', 'sophia' means 'wisdom', and 'hymīn' means 'you' (plural). The verse is instructing the recipients to consider the Lord's patience as salvation, as their beloved brother Paul has written to them according to the wisdom given to him. [2PE.3.16] And as also in all the letters speaking in them about these things, in which there are certain difficult matters which the unlearned and unsupported ones will distort, just as also the remaining writings toward their own destruction. [§] hos kai en pasais tais epistolais lalōn en autois peri toutōn en hais estin dysnoēta tina ha hoi amatbeis kai astēriktoi streblōsousin hōs kai tas loipas graphas pros tēn idian autōn apōleian. This verse discusses writings that contain difficult concepts which are twisted by those who are uneducated and unsupported, just as other scriptures are twisted to their own destruction. The verse originates from 2 Peter 3:16, and is a warning regarding misinterpretation of scripture. [2PE.3.17] Therefore, you beloved ones, knowing in advance, guard yourselves, so that you are not carried away by the deception of the lawless and fall from your own support. [§] Humeis oun, agapetoi, proginoskontes phulassesthe, hina me te ton athesmon plane sunapachthentes ekpesete tou idiou stirigmou. This verse addresses beloved individuals, urging them to safeguard themselves because they possess prior knowledge. The warning is against being carried away by the error of lawless people, which would lead to a fall from their own foundation of support. The verse employs a complex grammatical structure common in Koine Greek, with participle clauses and subjunctive moods. [2PE.3.18] And you should increase in grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him belongs the glory, both now and to the day of eternity. [§] auxanetai de en chariti kai gnosei tou kuriou hemon kai soteros Iesou Christou. autoi he doxa kai nun kai eis hemeran aiōnos. This verse urges believers to grow in grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. It then ascribes glory to Him, both now and forever.