1SA (First Samuel)
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1SA.1
[1SA.1.1] And there was a man of the Ramathai, watching from the mountain of Ephraim, and his name was Godqana son of Yerocham son of Godihu son of Tochu son of Tzuf the Ephraimite. [§]
Vayehi ish echad min haRamatayim tzofim mehar Efrayim, v'shmo Elkana ben Yerocham ben Elihu ben Tochu ben Tzuf Efrati.
'Elkana' contains the divine element 'El' which is rendered literally as 'God'; the suffix 'qana' means 'acquired' or 'taken', so the name is translated as 'Godqana' (literally 'God acquired'). 'Elihu' also begins with 'El' and is rendered as 'Godihu' (literally 'God ...'), preserving the divine element. All other words are translated directly.
[1SA.1.2] And he had two wives; one was named Hannah and the other was named Peninnah, and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children. [§]
Ve lo shtei nashim shem achat Hannah ve shem ha-shenit Peninnah ve yehi li-Peninnah yeladim u le-Hannah ein yeladim.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'he', 'shtei' means 'two', 'nashim' means 'wives', 'shem' means 'name', 'achat' means 'one', 'Hannah' is a proper name, 've' again 'and', 'ha-shenit' means 'the other', 'Peninnah' is a proper name, 've' again 'and', 'yehi' means 'was', 'li-Peninnah' means 'to Peninnah' (i.e., Peninnah had), 'yeladim' means 'children', 'u' means 'but', 'le-Hannah' means 'to Hannah' (i.e., Hannah had), 'ein' means 'no' or 'none', 'yeladim' again 'children'.
[1SA.1.3] And the man that went up from his city from day to day to bow down and to sacrifice to Yahveh of hosts in Shiloh; and there were two sons of Eli, Chophni and Pinchas, priests of Yahveh. [§]
veala haish hahu meiro mi yamim yamimah lehistachavot velizboach laYahveh Tzevaot beShiloh veSham shnei BneiEli Chophni uPinchas kohanim laYahveh.
'veala' means 'and went up', 'haish' means 'the man', 'hahu' means 'that', 'meiro' means 'from his city', 'mi yamim' means 'from days', 'yamimah' means 'day after day', 'lehistachavot' means 'to bow down', 'velizboach' means 'and to sacrifice', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts/armies', 'beShiloh' means 'in Shiloh', 'veSham' means 'and there', 'shnei' means 'two', 'BneiEli' means 'sons of Eli', 'Chophni' and 'Pinchas' are personal names, 'kohanim' means 'priests', and the final 'laYahveh' means 'of Yahveh'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as 'Yahveh' per the given guideline.
[1SA.1.4] And it came to pass on that day that God-purchased offered, and gave to Phinah his wife and to all his sons and daughters a gift. [§]
Vayehi hayom vayizbach Elkana venatan lifninah ishto ulechol-baneha uvenoteha manot.
'Vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'vayizbach' means 'and he offered (a sacrifice)', 'Elkana' is a proper name composed of 'El' (God) and 'kana' (to purchase), thus literally 'God-purchased', 'venatan' means 'and he gave', 'lifninah' means 'to Phinah' (a proper name), 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'ulechol-baneha' means 'and to all his sons', 'uvenoteha' means 'and his daughters', 'manot' means 'a gift' or 'offering'.
[1SA.1.5] And to Hannah He will give one portion double, because He loved Hannah, and Yahveh closed her womb. [§]
ulechanah yitten mana achat appayim ki etchanah ohev vayhwh sagar rachmah.
'ulechanah' means 'and to Hannah', 'yitten' means 'he will give', 'mana' means 'portion' or 'measure', 'achat' means 'one', 'appayim' means 'double' or 'twofold', 'ki' means 'because', 'etchanah' is the object marker plus the name Hannah, 'ohev' means 'loved', 'vayhwh' is the conjunctive form of the divine name YHWH which is rendered literally as Yahveh, 'sagar' means 'closed', and 'rachmah' literally means 'her compassion' but idiomatically in Hebrew scripture it refers to a woman's womb. Therefore the phrase 'Yahveh closed her compassion' is interpreted as 'Yahveh closed her womb'.
[1SA.1.6] And you will be angry at her distress, also anger for her wrath, because Yahveh has shut on behalf of her mercy. [§]
vechiastah tzaratah gam-kaas ba'avur hare'amah ki-sagar Yahveh be'ad rachamah.
'vechiastah' means 'and you will be angry', 'tzaratah' means 'her distress', 'gam-kaas' means 'also anger', 'ba'avur' means 'for the sake of', 'hare'amah' means 'her wrath', 'ki-sagar' means 'because (he) has shut', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'be'ad' means 'on behalf of', 'rachamah' means 'her mercy'.
[1SA.1.7] And thus he will do year by year from her ascent in the house of Yahveh, thus you will provoke her, and she wept, and she will not eat. [§]
ve-chen ya'aseh shanah be-shanah middei alotah be-beit Yahveh ken tak'isenah va-tivke ve-lo tochal.
've-chen' means 'and thus', 'ya'aseh' means 'he will do', 'shanah' means 'year', 'be-shanah' means 'year by year', 'middei' means 'from the time of', 'alotah' means 'her ascent', 'be-beit' means 'in the house of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ken' means 'thus', 'tak'isenah' means 'you will provoke her', 'va-tivke' means 'and she wept', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'tochal' means 'you will eat'.
[1SA.1.8] And Elkanah his husband said to her, Hannah, why do you weep, and why do you not eat, and why does your heart rage? Is not my good to you more than ten sons? [§]
Vayomer lah Elkana ishah Hannah lamah tivchi ve lamah lo tochli ve lamah yera levarekh halo anochi tov lakh me'aserah banim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'Elkana' is the personal name Elkanah, 'ishah' means 'her husband', 'Hannah' is the personal name Hannah, 'lamah' means 'why', 'tivchi' means 'you weep', 've lamah' means 'and why', 'lo' means 'not', 'tochli' means 'you eat', 've lamah' (again) means 'and why', 'yera' means 'you are angry' or 'your heart is distressed', 'levarekh' means 'your heart', 'halo' means 'is not', 'anochi' means 'I', 'tov' means 'good', 'lakh' means 'to you', 'me' means 'more than', 'aserah' means 'ten', 'banim' means 'sons'.
[1SA.1.9] And Hannah rose after she had eaten in Shiloh and after she had drunk, and Eli the priest sat on the throne on the footstool of Yahveh's temple. [§]
Va-takam Hannah acharei akhlah be-shiloh ve-acharei shato ve-Eli ha-kohein yoshev al ha-kise al mezuzat heichal Yahveh.
'Va' means 'and', 'takam' means 'rose' or 'stood up', 'Hannah' is a proper name, 'acharei' means 'after', 'akhlah' means 'she ate', 'be-shiloh' means 'in Shiloh', 've-acharei' means 'and after', 'shato' means 'she drank', 've' means 'and', 'Eli' is the name of the priest, 'ha-kohein' means 'the priest', 'yoshev' means 'sat', 'al' means 'on', 'ha-kise' means 'the throne', 'al' again means 'on', 'mezuzat' means 'the footstool', 'heichal' means 'the temple', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.1.10] And she was the bitterness of the soul, and she prayed to Yahveh, and she wept. [§]
vehee marat nafesh vatitpallel al Yahveh uvakho tivke.
'vehee' means 'and she', 'marat' means 'bitterness', 'nafesh' means 'of the soul', 'vatitpallel' means 'and she prayed', 'al' means 'to' (or 'upon'), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'uvakho' means 'and (she) will weep', 'tivke' means 'she will weep'.
[1SA.1.11] And she made a vow and said, Yahveh of hosts, if you will see my affliction, remember me and do not forget your promise, and give to your promise the seed of men, and I will give him to Yahveh all the days of his life, and disgrace will not rise upon his head. [§]
Vatiddor neder vatomar Yahveh tzvaot im-ra'ah tir'eh ba'ani amatecha uzekharatani velo-tishkach et-amatecha venatata la'amatkha zera anashim ve'natati'hu layahveh kol-yemei chayav u'morah lo ya'aleh al-rosho.
'Vatiddor' means 'and she made a vow', 'neder' means 'vow', 'vatomar' means 'and she said', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'tzvaot' means 'of hosts', 'im' means 'if', 'ra'ah' means 'you will see', 'tir'eh' is a form of 'see', 'ba'ani' means 'in my affliction', 'amatecha' means 'your truth' or 'your promise', 'uzekharatani' means 'and you will remember me', 'velo-tishkach' means 'and will not forget', 'et-amatecha' means 'your promise', 'venatata' means 'and you will give', 'la'amatkha' means 'to your promise', 'zera' means 'seed', 'anashim' means 'of men', 've'natati'hu' means 'and I will give him', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'kol-yemei' means 'all the days of', 'chayav' means 'his life', 'u'morah' means 'and disgrace' or 'ruin', 'lo ya'aleh' means 'will not rise', 'al-rosho' means 'upon his head'.
[1SA.1.12] And it shall be, when she increases her prayer before Yahveh, and my God watches her mouth. [§]
ve-hayah ki hirb'tah lehitpallel lifnei Yahveh ve-eli shomer et-piha.
've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ki' means 'when' or 'because', 'hirb'tah' means 'she increased' or 'it increased', 'lehitpallel' means 'to pray', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 've-eli' means 'and my God', 'shomer' means 'watcher' or 'guardian', 'et-piha' means 'her mouth' (et is a grammatical marker with no English equivalent).
[1SA.1.13] And Hannah was speaking about her heart; only her lips were mute and her voice was not heard; and he considered her to be a slave woman. [§]
vechannah hi medaberet al libbah rak s'fat'eyha na'ot ve'kolah lo yishama vayachsheveha eli leshikorah.
'vechannah' means 'and Hannah', 'hi' means 'she', 'medaberet' means 'was speaking', 'al libbah' means 'about her heart', 'rak' means 'only', 's'fat'eyha' means 'her lips', 'na'ot' means 'were mute', 've'kolah' means 'and her voice', 'lo' means 'not', 'yishama' means 'was heard', 'vayachsheveha' means 'and he thought of her', 'eli' (in this context) means 'as', 'leshikorah' means 'a slave woman'.
[1SA.1.14] And he said to her, 'my God, how long will you become drunk? Remove your wine from yourself.' [§]
Vayomer eileha Eli ad-matai tishtakarin hasiri et-yeinekh me'alayich.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'eileha' means 'to her', 'Eli' means 'my God' (El = God, -i = my), 'ad-matai' means 'until when' or 'how long', 'tishtakarin' means 'you will become drunk' (feminine singular), 'hasiri' means 'remove' (imperative feminine), 'et-yeinekh' means 'your wine', 'me'alayich' means 'off you' or 'from yourself'.
[1SA.1.15] And Hannah answered and said, My Lord, I am a woman troubled in spirit; I have not drunk wine or strong drink, and I pour out my soul before Yahveh. [§]
Vata'an Hannah vato'amer lo adoni isha keshat-ruah anochi ve-yayin ve-shechar lo shatiti va-eshpok et-napshi lifnei Yahveh.
'Vata'an' means 'and she answered', 'Hannah' is the woman's name, 'vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'lo' means 'no' or 'not' but here introduces the address 'adoni' which means 'my Lord', 'isha' means 'woman', 'keshat-ruah' is an idiom meaning 'bent or troubled in spirit', 'anochi' means 'I am', 've-yayin' means 'and wine', 've-shechar' means 'and strong drink', 'lo shatiti' means 'I have not drunk', 'va-eshpok' means 'and I pour out', 'et-napshi' means 'my soul', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.1.16] Do not give your mother before a daughter of folly, because from the abundance of my chatter and my anger I have spoken until now. [§]
Al-titen et-amatekha lifnei bat-beli'al ki-merov sichi ve-ka'si dibarti ad-henna.
'Al' means 'do not', 'titen' means 'you will give', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (often untranslated), 'amatekha' means 'your mother', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'beli'al' is understood here as 'of folly' (literally 'without good'), 'ki' means 'because', 'merov' means 'from abundance', 'sichi' means 'my chatter', 've-ka'si' means 'and my anger', 'dibarti' means 'I have spoken', 'ad' means 'until', 'henna' means 'now' or 'this point'.
[1SA.1.17] And Eli answered and said, Go in peace, and the Gods of Israel will give you your reward that you asked from me. [§]
Vayyan Eli vayomer lechi leshalom veElohei Yisrael yiten et-shelatech asher sha'alt meimmo.
'Vayyan' means 'and answered', 'Eli' is a proper name, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lechi' means 'go (to you, feminine)', 'leshalom' means 'in peace', 've' means 'and', 'Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'et-shelatech' means 'your reward', 'asher' means 'that which', 'sha'alt' means 'you asked', 'meimmo' means 'from me'.
[1SA.1.18] And she said, "You will find favor with your maidservant in your eyes." The woman went on her way, ate, and her face was no longer there. [§]
Vatomer timtsa shifchatecha chen be'einecha vatelech ha'isha ledarcha vatochal ufaneha lo hayu lah od.
'Vatomer' means 'and she said', 'timtsa' means 'you will find', 'shifchatecha' means 'your maidservant', 'chen' means 'favor', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'vatelech' means 'and she went', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'ledarcha' means 'on her way', 'vatochal' means 'and she ate', 'ufaneha' means 'her face', 'lo hayu lah' means 'were not to her', 'od' means 'anymore'.
[1SA.1.19] And they rose early in the morning and bowed before Yahveh, and they returned and went to their house at Ramah, and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife, and Yahveh remembered her. [§]
Vayashkimu baboker vayishtachavu lifnei Yahveh vayashu vayavo el-beitam haramata vayeda Elkana et Hannah ishto vayizkereha Yahveh.
'Vayashkimu' means 'and they rose early', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vayishtachavu' means 'and they bowed', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayashu' means 'and they returned', 'vayavo' means 'and they went', 'el-beitam' means 'to their house', 'haramata' means 'the high place' (Ramah), 'vayeda' means 'and he knew', 'Elkana' is the personal name 'Elkanah', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Hannah' is the personal name 'Hannah', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'vayizkereha' means 'and he remembered her', and the final 'Yahveh' again translates YHVH as 'Yahveh'.
[1SA.1.20] And it came to pass at the appointed time that Hannah conceived, gave birth to a son, and she called his name Samuel because Yahveh had answered her request. [§]
Vayehi litkufot hayamim vatahar Hannah vateled ben vtikra et shmo Shmuel ki meYHVH shealtiv.
"Vayehi" means "and it came to pass", "litkufot" means "at the appointed time", "hayamim" means "the days", "vatahar" means "and Hannah conceived", "Hannah" is the woman's name, "vateled" means "and gave birth", "ben" means "a son", "vtikra" means "and she called", "et shmo" means "his name", "Shmuel" means "God has heard", "ki" means "because", "meYHVH" means the divine name YHVH translated as "Yahveh", "shealtiv" means "she asked (him)".
[1SA.1.21] And the man Elkana and all his household went up to sacrifice to Yahveh the regular offering and his vow. [§]
Va-ya'al ha-ish Elkana ve-khol-beto li-zvo'ach la-Yahveh et zevach ha-yamim ve-et nidro.
'Va-ya'al' means 'and he went up', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'Elkana' is a proper name, 've-khol-beto' means 'and all his household', 'li-zvo'ach' means 'to sacrifice', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the literal translation of YHVH), 'et zevach' means 'the offering', 'ha-yamim' means 'the days' (idiomatically 'the regular' or 'daily'), and 've-et nidro' means 'and his vow'.
[1SA.1.22] And Hannah did not go up, because she said to her husband, 'Until the boy is weaned and you bring him, and the face of Yahveh is seen, and he will sit there forever.' [§]
vechannah lo alatah ki amrah leisha ad yigamel hanna'ar vaha'vioto venir'ah et penei Yahveh veyashav sham ad olam.
'vechannah' means 'and Hannah', 'lo' means 'not', 'alatah' means 'went up', 'ki' means 'because', 'amrah' means 'she said', 'leisha' means 'to her husband', 'ad' means 'until', 'yigamel' means 'the boy will be weaned/finished', 'hanna'ar' means 'the boy', 'vaha'vioto' means 'and you bring him', 'venir'ah' means 'and it will be seen', 'et penei' means 'the face of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'veyashav' means 'and he will sit', 'sham' means 'there', 'ad olam' means 'forever'.
[1SA.1.23] And he said to her, Elkanah her husband, 'Do what is good in your eyes, stay until you have repaid him; only Yahveh will fulfill his word.' And the woman sat and gave birth to her son until she repaid him. [§]
Vayomer lah Elakana ishah as'i hatov be'einayich shevi ad gamlekh oto ach yakem Yahveh et dvaro vateshev haisha vtinek et benah ad gamla oto.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'Elakana' is a personal name (Elkanah), 'ishah' means 'her husband', 'as'i' means 'do' (imperative), 'hatov' means 'the good', 'be'einayich' means 'in your eyes', 'shevi' means 'stay', 'ad' means 'until', 'gamlekh' means 'you will repay him', 'oto' means 'him/it', 'ach' means 'only', 'yakem' means 'will raise up' or 'will fulfill', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'et dvaro' means 'his word', 'vateshev' means 'and she sat', 'haisha' means 'the woman', 'vtinek' means 'and she gave birth', 'et benah' means 'her son', 'ad gamla' means 'until she repaid', 'oto' means 'him/it'.
[1SA.1.24] And she brought him up with her as she had repaid him with three young goats, one female goat, a measure of flour, and a bundle of wine, and she brought him into the house of Yahveh for his portion, and the boy was a youth. [§]
vataalehu immah ka'asher gmelatu befarim shloshah ve'ifah achat kemach ve'nevel yayin vatebiahu beit-Yahveh shilu vehan na'ar.
'vataalehu' means 'and she brought him up', 'immah' means 'with her', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'gmelatu' means 'she repaid', 'befarim' means 'with young goats', 'shloshah' means 'three', 've'ifah' means 'and one female goat', 'achat' means 'one', 'kemach' means 'flour', 've'nevel' means 'and a bundle', 'yayin' means 'wine', 'vatebiahu' means 'and she brought him', 'beit-Yahveh' means 'the house of Yahveh', 'shilu' means 'for his portion', 'vehan' means 'and the', 'na'ar' means 'boy' or 'youth'.
[1SA.1.25] They slaughtered the bull and brought the boy to Eli. [§]
Vayishchatu et ha-par vayaviu et ha-na'ar el Eli.
'Vayishchatu' means 'they slaughtered', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-par' means 'the bull', 'vayaviu' means 'they brought', 'ha-na'ar' means 'the boy', 'el' means 'to', 'Eli' is a proper name.
[1SA.1.26] And she said to me, My Lord, live your soul, My Lord. I am the woman standing with you in this, to pray to Yahveh. [§]
vatomer bi Adoni chei nafshkha Adoni ani haisha hanitzevet immekha baze lehitpallel el Yahveh.
'vatomer' means 'and she said', 'bi' means 'to me', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'chei' means 'live', 'nafshkha' means 'your soul', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'ani' means 'I', 'haisha' means 'the woman', 'hanitzevet' means 'the one standing', 'immekha' means 'with you', 'baze' means 'in this', 'lehitpallel' means 'to pray', 'el Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh'.
[1SA.1.27] To this boy I prayed, and Yahveh gave me my request which I asked of him. [§]
El ha-naar hazeh hitpallelti vayiten Yahveh li et-she'elati asher sha'alti me'imo.
'El' means 'to', 'ha-naar' means 'the boy' (literally 'the youth'), 'hazeh' means 'this', 'hitpallelti' means 'I prayed', 'vayiten' means 'and gave', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'li' means 'to me', 'et-she'elati' means 'my request', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'sha'alti' means 'I asked', 'me'imo' means 'of him' or 'from him'.
[1SA.1.28] And also I asked him for Yahveh all the days that he was Saul for Yahveh, and they bowed there to Yahveh. [§]
vegam anochi hisha'iltihu layahveh kol hayamim asher hayah hu Shaul layahveh vayishtachu sham layahveh.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'anochi' means 'I', 'his'iltihu' means 'asked him', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'kol' means 'all', 'hayamim' means 'the days', 'asher' means 'that', 'hayah' means 'was', 'hu' means 'he', 'Shaul' is a personal name, 'vayishtachu' means 'they bowed' or 'they worshiped', 'sham' means 'there', the second 'layahveh' again means 'to Yahveh'.
1SA.2
[1SA.2.1] And Hannah prayed, saying: My heart exults in Yahveh; my horn is lifted in Yahveh; my mouth is spread against my enemies, because I have rejoiced in your salvation. [§]
Va-titpallel Hanah va-tomar alatz libi baYahveh rama qarny baYahveh rachav pi al-oyvy ki samachti bi-yshuatkha.
'Va-titpallel' means 'and prayed', 'Hanah' is the name Hannah, 'va-tomar' means 'and said', 'alatz' means 'my heart exults', 'libi' means 'my heart', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'rama' means 'is lifted/exalted', 'qarny' means 'my horn', 'rachav' means 'is wide/spread', 'pi' means 'my mouth', 'al-oyvy' means 'against my enemies', 'ki' means 'because', 'samachti' means 'I have rejoiced', 'bi-yshuatkha' means 'in your salvation'.
[1SA.2.2] There is no holy one like Yahveh, because there is none without you, and there is no rock like our God. [§]
Ein-kadosh ka-Yahveh ki ein biltekha ve-ein tzur ke-elohenu.
'Ein' means 'there is not', 'kadosh' means 'holy', 'ka' is a comparative prefix meaning 'like' or 'as', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'ki' means 'because', 'biltekha' means 'without you', 've' means 'and', 'tzur' means 'rock', 'ke' is a comparative prefix meaning 'like', 'elohenu' means 'our God'.
[1SA.2.3] Do not increase your speech, proud, proud; a cry will go out from your mouth, for God, the knowing Yahveh, and they will not be counted as offenses. [§]
Al-tarbu tedab'ru gevohah gevohah yetze atak mipichem ki El deot Yahveh velo nitk'nu alilot.
'Al' means 'do not', 'tarbu' means 'you will increase', 'tedab'ru' means 'you will speak', 'gevohah' means 'proud' (repeated for emphasis), 'yetze' means 'will go out', 'atak' means 'a cry' or 'shout', 'mipichem' means 'from your mouth', 'ki' means 'for', 'El' means 'God', 'deot' means 'knowledge' (the plural form of 'daat'), 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 'velo' means 'and not', 'nitk'nu' means 'they will be counted' (negative here, so 'will not be counted'), 'alilot' means 'offenses' or 'trials'.
[1SA.2.4] A bow of heroes, curved and humbled, they girded strength. [§]
Keshet gibborim chatim ve-nikshalim azru chayil.
'Keshet' means 'bow', 'gibborim' means 'mighty ones' or 'heroes', 'chatim' is understood as 'curved' or 'crooked' (from the root meaning 'to be twisted'), 've-nikshalim' means 'and they were humbled' or 'and they were defeated', 'azru' means 'they girded' or 'they bound', 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'might'.
[1SA.2.5] The full ones, having bread, were satisfied, and the hungry ones perished; until barrenness gave birth to seven, and many children were wretched. [§]
S'v'e'im ba lechem nis'karu u-re'evim chadelu ad aqarah yaldah shivah v'rabbat banim umlala.
'S'v'e'im' means 'the full ones', 'ba' means 'with', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'nis'karu' means 'they were satisfied', 'u' means 'and', 're'evim' means 'the hungry ones', 'chadelu' means 'they perished' or 'they ceased', 'ad' means 'until', 'aqarah' means 'nakedness' or 'barrenness', 'yaldah' means 'gave birth', 'shivah' means 'seven', 'v'' means 'and', 'rabbat' means 'many', 'banim' means 'children' or 'sons', 'umlala' means 'were wretched' or 'were in distress'.
[1SA.2.6] Yahveh makes die and makes live, brings down the underworld and went up. [§]
Yahveh memit u-mechaye morid sheol vayal.
'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh' (the personal name of God), 'memit' means 'makes die', 'u' means 'and', 'mechaye' means 'makes live', 'morid' means 'brings down', 'sheol' means 'the underworld' or 'the dead', 'vayal' means 'and went up'.
[1SA.2.7] Yahveh drives out and oppresses, brings low, and lifts up. [§]
Yahveh morish uma'ashir mashpil af meromem.
'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH. 'morish' means 'drives out' or 'exiles'. 'uma'ashir' combines the conjunction 'u' (and) with 'ma'ashir', meaning 'oppresses' or 'treats harshly'. 'mashpil' means 'brings low' or 'humiliates'. 'af' is a conjunction meaning 'and' or 'also', and 'meromem' means 'lifts up' or 'exalts'.
[1SA.2.8] He raises the poor from dust and the needy from ashes, to seat them with the noble, and a throne of glory He will set for them, for Yahveh's castings of the earth, and He placed the world upon them. [§]
Meqim meafar dal meashpot yarm evyon lehoshib im nedivim ve kisse kavod yanchilam ki laYahveh metsukei eretz vayashat aleihem tevel.
'Meqim' means 'raises', 'meafar' means 'from dust', 'dal' means 'poor', 'meashpot' means 'from ashes', 'yarm' (future form of 'to raise') means 'he raises', 'evyon' means 'the needy' or 'the poor', 'lehoshib' means 'to seat' or 'to cause to sit', 'im' means 'with', 'nedivim' means 'nobles' or 'the noble ones', 've' means 'and', 'kisse' means 'throne', 'kavod' means 'glory', 'yanchilam' means 'will lead them' or 'will set them', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'laYahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH as 'Yahveh', 'metsukei' means 'those cast' or 'those poured out', 'eretz' means 'earth', 'vayashat' means 'and he placed', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'tevel' means 'the world' or 'the globe'.
[1SA.2.9] The feet of the faithful will be guarded, and the wicked will be silent in darkness, because a man does not dominate by strength. [§]
Raglei chasidav yishmor u'reshaim bachoshekh yiddamu ki lo bekoach yigbar ish.
'Raglei' means 'feet of', 'chasidav' means 'the faithful one', 'yishmor' means 'will guard or keep', 'u'reshaim' means 'and the wicked', 'bachoshekh' means 'in darkness', 'yiddamu' means 'will be mute or silent', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'bekoach' means 'by strength', 'yigbar' means 'will dominate or prevail', 'ish' means 'man'.
[1SA.2.10] Yahveh will set his strife upon him in the heavens, he will thunder. Yahveh will judge the ends of the earth and will give strength to his king and will raise the horn of his Anointed. [§]
Yahveh yechatto merivav alav bashamayim yarbeem Yahveh yadin afsei-aretz veyiten-oz lemalcho veyarem keren meshicho.
'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH, 'yechatto' means 'will bring' or 'will set', 'merivav' means 'his quarrel' or 'his strife', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'bashamayim' means 'in the heavens', 'yarbeem' means 'will thunder', 'yadin' means 'will judge', 'afsei-aretz' means 'the ends of the earth', 'veyiten-oz' means 'and will give strength', 'lemalcho' means 'to his king', 'veyarem' means 'and will raise', 'keren' means 'horn', 'meshicho' means 'his Anointed'.
[1SA.2.11] And Elkanah the Ramathite went to his house, and the young man was serving Yahveh before Eli the priest. [§]
Vayelekh Elkana haramata al beito vehan na'ar hayah mesharet et Yahveh et pnei Eli hakohen.
'Vayelekh' means 'and went', 'Elkana' is a personal name, 'haramata' means 'the Ramathite', 'al beito' means 'to his house', 'vehan na'ar' means 'and the young man', 'hayah' means 'was', 'mesharet' means 'serving', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'pnei' means 'before the face of', 'Eli' is a proper name meaning 'my God', 'hakohen' means 'the priest'.
[1SA.2.12] And the children of Eli, the children of Belial, did not know Yahveh. [§]
Uvenei Eli venei Beliyaal lo yadu et Yahveh.
'U' means 'and', 'venei' means 'the children of', 'Eli' is a personal name meaning 'my God', 'Beliyaal' is a name meaning 'worthlessness' or 'without profit', 'lo' means 'not', 'yadu' means 'they knew', 'et' is the accusative marker for a direct object, and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[1SA.2.13] And the judgment of the priests concerning the people: every man who offers a sacrifice, and the priest's servant came as the one who cooks the meat, and the leaper of three teeth was in his hand. [§]
U-mishpat ha-kohein et-ha-am kol-ish zoveach zevach u-va na'ar ha-kohein ke-bashel ha-basar ve-hamazleg shelosh-hashinayim be-yado.
'U' means 'and', 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'decision', 'ha-kohein' means 'the priest', 'et-ha-am' means 'the people', 'kol' means 'every', 'ish' means 'man', 'zoveach' means 'who offers', 'zevach' means 'a sacrifice', 'u-va' means 'and came', 'na'ar' means 'young man' or 'servant', 'ke-bashel' means 'as the cook', 'ha-basar' means 'the meat', 've-hamazleg' means 'and the leaper', 'shello-shinayim' means 'three teeth', 'be-yado' means 'in his hand'.
[1SA.2.14] And he shall strike with the reed, or with the staff, or with the cord, or with the incense offering; any one who goes up on the sliding rope the priest shall take it. Thus they shall do for all Israel who come there in silence. [§]
vehikka bakkiyor o vadud o bakalachat o paparur kol asher yaaleh hamazleg yikach hakohen bo kakah yaasu lekhol-yisrael habbaim sham beshila
'vehikka' means 'and he shall strike', 'bakkiyor' means 'with the reed', 'o' means 'or', 'vadud' means 'with the staff', 'o' means 'or', 'bakalachat' means 'with the cord', 'o' means 'or', 'paparur' means 'with the incense offering', 'kol' means 'any', 'asher' means 'that', 'yaaleh' means 'goes up', 'hamazleg' means 'the sliding rope', 'yikach' means 'the priest shall take', 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 'bo' means 'it', 'kakah' means 'thus', 'yaasu' means 'they shall do', 'lekhol-yisrael' means 'for all Israel', 'habbaim' means 'who come', 'sham' means 'there', 'beshila' means 'in silence'.
[1SA.2.15] Also before they drain the milk, the priest's young assistant came and said to the one who is slaughtering, 'Give the meat for roasting to the priest, and do not take any cooked meat from you, only raw.' [§]
gam beterm yaktruun et-hachelb uva na'ar hakohen ve'amar la'ish hazoveach tena basar litslot lakohen velo-yikach mimcha basar mevushal ki im chay.
'gam' means 'also', 'beterm' means 'before', 'yaktruun' means 'they shall drain', 'et-hachelb' means 'the milk', 'uva' means 'and came', 'na'ar' means 'young man' or 'assistant', 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 've'amar' means 'and said', 'la'ish' means 'to the man', 'hazoveach' means 'who is slaughtering', 'tena' means 'give', 'basar' means 'meat', 'litslot' means 'for roasting', 'lakohen' means 'to the priest', 'velo-yikach' means 'and do not take', 'mimcha' means 'from you', 'basar' again 'meat', 'mevushal' means 'cooked', 'ki im' means 'except', 'chay' means 'raw' or 'alive'.
[1SA.2.16] And he said to him, the man, 'Cut it, you shall cut it like the day of the milk, and take for yourself as your soul desires.' He said to him, 'Because now you will give, and if you do not, I will take it by force.' [§]
Vayyomer elav ha-ish kater yaktiroon ka-yom hachelav ve-kach lekha ka-asher teaveh nefeshkha va-amar lo ki attah titen ve-im lo lakachti behazka.
'Vayyomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'kater' means 'cut off' or 'cut', 'yaktiroon' means 'you will cut', 'ka-yom' means 'like the day', 'hachelav' means 'the milk', 've-kach' means 'and take', 'lekha' means 'for yourself', 'ka-asher' means 'as', 'teaveh' means 'you desire', 'nefeshkha' means 'your soul', 'va-amar' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ki' means 'because', 'attah' means 'now', 'titen' means 'you will give', 've-im' means 'and if', 'lo' means 'not', 'lakachti' means 'I will take', 'behazka' means 'by force'.
[1SA.2.17] And a great sin of the youths occurred very before the face of Yahveh, because the men were angry at Yahveh's offering. [§]
Vattehi chatat hanne'arim gedolah meod et-pnei Yahveh ki ne'atsu ha'anashim et minchat Yahveh.
'Vattehi' means 'and it happened', 'chatat' means 'sin', 'hanne'arim' means 'of the youths', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'meod' means 'very', 'et-pnei' means 'before the face of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'ne'atsu' means 'they turned away' or 'they were angry', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'minchat' means 'the offering' or 'the gift', 'Yahveh' again is the name of God.
[1SA.2.18] Samuel served the presence of Yahveh, a youth girded with an ephod, a coat. [§]
Ushmu'el mesharet et-p'nei Yahveh na'ar chagur ephod bad.
'Ushmu\'el' is the proper name Samuel, 'mesharet' means 'served', 'et-p'nei' means 'the face of' (idiomatic for 'before' or 'in the presence of'), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'na\'ar' means 'a youth' or 'young man', 'chagur' means 'girded' or 'bound around', 'ephod' is a priestly garment, and 'bad' means 'a coat' or 'garment'.
[1SA.2.19] And a small covering you shall make for him, his mother shall bring him up from the days of his youth; at its raising she shall offer his husband as a sacrifice of the days. [§]
u-meil katan ta'aseh-lo immo veha'alta lo mi-yamim yamima ba'alotah et-isha li-zvoach et-zevach ha-yamim.
'u-meil' means 'and a covering', 'katan' means 'small', 'ta'aseh-lo' means 'you shall make for him', 'immo' means 'his mother', 'veha'alta' means 'and you shall bring up', 'lo' means 'him', 'mi-yamim' means 'from the days', 'yamima' intensifies 'days', 'ba'alotah' means 'at its raising', 'et-isha' means 'her husband', 'li-zvoach' means 'to sacrifice', 'et-zevach' means 'the sacrifice', 'ha-yamim' means 'of the days'.
[1SA.2.20] And bless my God Eli, the father of Elkanah, and his wife; and he said, May Yahveh give you offspring from this woman under the request that he asked of Yahveh, and they went to his place. [§]
U'verekh Eli et-Elkanah ve'et-ishto ve'amar yasem Yahveh lecha zerah min ha'isha hazot tahta ha'she'elah asher sha'al laYahveh ve'halchu limkomo.
'U' means 'and', 'berekh' means 'bless', 'Eli' means 'my God', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Elkanah' is a personal name, 've' means 'and', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 've'amar' means 'and he said', 'yasem' means 'may He give', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'lecha' means 'to you', 'zerah' means 'seed' or 'offspring', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'hazot' means 'this', 'tahta' means 'under', 'ha'she'elah' means 'the request', 'asher' means 'that', 'sha'al' means 'he asked', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 've'halchu' means 'and they went', 'limkomo' means 'to his place'.
[1SA.2.21] Because Yahveh visited Hannah, she became pregnant and gave birth to three sons and two daughters, and the boy Samuel grew up with Yahveh. [§]
Ki-fakad Yahveh et-Channah vatahar vataled shloshah-banim u-shtay banot veyigdal ha-na'ar Shmuel im-Yahveh.
'Ki' means 'because', 'fakad' means 'visited' or 'kept watch over', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Channah' means 'Hannah', 'vatahar' means 'and she became pregnant', 'vataled' means 'and she gave birth', 'shloshah-banim' means 'three sons', 'u-shtay' means 'and two', 'banot' means 'daughters', 'veyigdal' means 'and grew up', 'ha-na'ar' means 'the boy', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'im' means 'with', 'Yahveh' again the name of God.
[1SA.2.22] And Eli was very old and he heard all that his sons would do to all Israel and also what they would lie with the women who were stationed at the opening of the tent of meeting. [§]
ve'eli zakein meod ve'shama et kol asher ya'asu banav lechol Yisrael ve'et asher yishk'vun et ha nashim ha tzovei petach ohel moed.
've'eli' means 'and Eli', 'zakein' means 'was old', 'meod' means 'very', 've'shama' means 'and he heard', 'et kol asher' means 'all that', 'ya'asu' means 'they will do', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'lechol Yisrael' means 'to all Israel', 've'et' means 'and also', 'asher yishk'vun' means 'what they will lie with', 'et ha nashim' means 'the women', 'ha tzovei' means 'who are stationed', 'petach' means 'the opening', 'ohel moed' means 'the tent of meeting'.
[1SA.2.23] And he said to them, Why do you do these things, that which I hear your words are evil, from all these people. [§]
Vayomer lahem lama ta'asu kadevarim ha'ele asher anochi shomea et-dibreihem ra'im me'et kol-ha'am ha'ele.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'lama' means 'why', 'ta'asu' means 'you do' (future 2nd plural), 'kadevarim' means 'like the things/words', 'ha'ele' means 'these', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'anochi' means 'I', 'shomea' means 'hear', 'et-dibreihem' means 'your words', 'ra'im' means 'evil/bad', 'me'et' means 'from', 'kol-ha'am' means 'all the people', 'ha'ele' means 'these'.
[1SA.2.24] Do not, my sons, for it is not good the hearing that I hear, they are bringing the people of Yahveh. [§]
Al Bani ki lo-tova hashemuah asher anochi shomea ma'avirim am-Yahveh.
'Al' means 'do not', 'Bani' means 'my sons', 'ki' means 'for', 'lo-tova' means 'it is not good', 'hashemuah' means 'the hearing' or 'the report', 'asher' means 'that', 'anochi' means 'I', 'shomea' means 'hear', 'ma'avirim' means 'they are bringing' or 'they carry', 'am-Yahveh' means 'the people of Yahveh'.
[1SA.2.25] If a man sins against another man and God curses him, and if a man sins against Yahveh, who will pray for him? And they will not listen to the voice of their father, because Yahveh desires to put them to death. [§]
Im yecheta ish leish ufillo Elohim veim layahveh yecheta ish mi yitpallel lo velo yishmeu leikol aviham ki chafetz yahveh lahemittam.
'Im' means 'if', 'yecheta' means 'sins', 'ish' means 'a man', 'leish' means 'against another man', 'ufil lo' means 'and God (Elohim) curses him', 'Elohim' is rendered as 'God', 'veim' means 'and if', 'layahveh' means 'against Yahveh', 'yecheta' repeats 'sins', 'mi' means 'who', 'yitpallel' means 'will pray', 'lo' means 'for him', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yishmeu' means 'they will listen', 'leikol' means 'to the voice of', 'aviham' means 'their father', 'ki' means 'because', 'chafetz' means 'desires', 'yahveh' is the rendering of YHVH, and 'lahemittam' means 'to put them to death'.
[1SA.2.26] And the boy Samuel was walking and growing and was good also with Yahveh and also with men. [§]
ve-han na'ar Shmu-el ho-lekh ve-ga-del va-tov gam im Yahveh ve-gam im anashim.
've' means 'and', 'han' is the definite article 'the', 'na'ar' means 'boy' or 'youth', 'Shmu-el' is the proper name 'Samuel', 'ho-lekh' means 'was walking' or 'went', 've-ga-del' means 'and grew', 'va-tov' means 'and good' or 'was good', 'gam' means 'also', 'im' means 'with', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 've-gam' again means 'and also', 'anashim' means 'men' or 'people'.
[1SA.2.27] And a man of the Gods came to Eli, and said to him, Thus says Yahveh: I will reveal, I have been revealed to the house of your father when they were in Egypt, to the house of Pharaoh. [§]
Vayavo ish-Elohim el-Eli vayomer elav koh amar Yahveh haniglo nigeleiti el-beit avikha bihyotam beMitzrayim lebeit Paroh.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'ish-Elohim' means 'man of the Gods' (Elohim is rendered as the Gods), 'el-Eli' means 'to Eli', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'koh' means 'thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'haniglo' means 'I will reveal', 'nigeleiti' means 'I have been revealed', 'el-beit' means 'to the house of', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'bihyotam' means 'when they were', 'beMitzrayim' means 'in Egypt', 'lebeit' means 'to the house of', 'Paroh' means 'Pharaoh'.
[1SA.2.28] And I chose him from all the tribes of Israel for me as a priest to go up upon my altar to offer incense, to bear the ephod before me, and I gave to the house of your father all the wives of the sons of Israel. [§]
Uvachor oto mikolshivtei Yisrael li lekohein la'alot al-mizbechi lehaktir ketoret la'se'et ephod lefanai ve'etna lebeit avikha etkolishe b'nei Yisrael.
'Uvachor' means 'and I chose', 'oto' means 'him', 'mikolshivtei' means 'from all the tribes', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'li' means 'for me', 'lekohein' means 'as a priest', 'la'alot' means 'to go up', 'al-mizbechi' means 'upon my altar', 'lehaktir' means 'to offer', 'ketoret' means 'incense offering', 'la'se'et' means 'to bear', 'ephod' means 'the ephod', 'lefana i' means 'before me', 've'etna' means 'and I gave', 'lebeit' means 'to the house', 'avikha' means 'of your father', 'etkolishe' means 'all the wives', 'b'nei' means 'of the sons', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[1SA.2.29] Why do you strike at my sacrifices and at my offerings that I commanded for the sanctuary, and you honor your sons over me to bring you forth from the beginning of every offering of Israel to my people. [§]
Lamah tiv'etu be-ziv'chi u've-minchati asher tzivit ma'on vatekabbed et-banecha mimeni le-havri'akhem me-re'shit kol minchat Yisrael le-ami.
'Lamah' means 'why', 'tiv'etu' means 'you strike' (plural), 'be-ziv'chi' means 'at my sacrifice(s)', 'u've-minchati' means 'and at my offering(s)', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'tzivit' means 'I commanded', 'ma'on' means 'the dwelling' or 'the sanctuary', 'vatekabbed' means 'and you honor' or 'you give weight to', 'et-banecha' means 'your sons', 'mimeni' means 'over me' or 'instead of me', 'le-havri'akhem' means 'to bring forth you' (plural), 'me-re'shit' means 'from the beginning', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'minchat' means 'offering' or 'gift', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'le-ami' means 'to my people'.
[1SA.2.30] Therefore says Yahveh God of Israel, I have said, I have spoken, your house and the house of your father shall walk before me forever; and now says Yahveh, terror is to me because I will honor those who honor me, and those who despise me shall be humbled. [§]
Lachen ne'um-Yahveh Elohei Yisrael amar amarti beitkha uveit avikha yit'halkeu lefanai ad-olam ve'atah ne'um-Yahveh chalila li ki-mechavedai ekhabed uvozai yekalu.
'Lachen' means 'therefore', 'ne'um' means 'says', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' meaning 'God of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'amar' means 'I said', 'amarti' means 'I have spoken', 'beitkha' means 'your house', 'uveit' means 'and the house of', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'yit'halkeu' means 'shall walk', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'ad-olam' means 'forever', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'chalila' means 'terror' or 'dread', 'li' means 'to me', 'ki' means 'because', 'mechavedai' means 'those who honor me', 'ekhabed' means 'I will honor', 'uvozai' means 'those who despise me', 'yekalu' means 'shall be humbled'.
[1SA.2.31] Behold, days are coming, and I will stretch out your arm and the arm of your father's house from being old in your house. [§]
hine yamim baim vegadati et-zroacha ve-et-zroa beit avicha miheyot zaken beveitecha.
'hine' means 'behold', 'yamim' means 'days', 'baim' means 'are coming', 'vegadati' means 'and I will stretch out', 'et-zroacha' means 'your arm', 've-et-zroa' means 'and the arm', 'beit' means 'house', 'avicha' means 'your father', 'miheyot' means 'from being', 'zaken' means 'old', 'beveitecha' means 'in your house'.
[1SA.2.32] And you will regard the narrow refuge in everything that does good to Israel, and there will be no old man in your house all the days. [§]
vehibbatta tzar maon bchol asher yeitiv et Yisrael velo yihyeh zaken bveitecha kol-hayamim.
'vehibbatta' means 'and you will look/regard', 'tzar' means 'narrow' or 'restricted', 'maon' means 'refuge' or 'dwelling place', 'bchol' means 'in all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'yeitiv' means 'he does good', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'zaken' means 'old man' or 'elder', 'bveitecha' means 'in your house', 'kol-hayamim' means 'all the days'.
[1SA.2.33] And a man shall not finish for you from my altar to bring an end to your eyes, nor be kind to your soul, and all the abundance of your house will be killed by men. [§]
ve'ish lo-achrit lecha me'im mizbechi lekhalot et eincha ve'ladiv et naf'shecha vechol marbit beitecha yamutu anashim.
've'ish' means 'and a man', 'lo-achrit' means 'shall not finish/complete', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'me'im' means 'from (the presence of)', 'mizbechi' means 'my altar', 'lekhalot' means 'to finish, to bring to an end', 'et eincha' means 'your eyes', 've'ladiv' means 'and to be gracious/kind', 'et naf'shecha' means 'your soul', 'vechol marbit' means 'and all the increase/abundance', 'beitecha' means 'of your house', 'yamutu' means 'they will kill', 'anashim' means 'men'.
[1SA.2.34] And this sign for you, that what will happen to your two sons, to Hophni and Phinehas, in one day they will die both. [§]
vezeh lecha haot asher yavo el shnei banecha el Hafni ve Pinchas beyom echad yamutu shneihem.
'vezeh' means 'and this', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'haot' means 'sign', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yavo' means 'will come', 'el' means 'to', 'shnei' means 'two', 'banecha' means 'your sons', 'el' again means 'to', 'Hafni' is a proper name, 've' means 'and', 'Pinchas' is a proper name, 'beyom' means 'in a day', 'echad' means 'one', 'yamutu' means 'they will die', 'shneihem' means 'both of them'.
[1SA.2.35] And I will establish for me a faithful priest as is in my heart and in my soul will do, and I built for him a faithful house and he will walk before my Messiah all the days. [§]
Vahaqimoti li kohen neeman kaasher bilvavi uvenafshi yaaseh uvaniti lo bayit neeman vethalekh lifnei-meshichi kol-hayamim.
'Vahaqimoti' means 'and I will establish', 'li' means 'for me', 'kohen' means 'priest', 'neeman' means 'faithful', 'kaasher' means 'as', 'bilvavi' means 'in my heart', 'uvenafshi' means 'and in my soul', 'yaaseh' means 'will do', 'uvaniti' means 'and I built', 'lo' means 'for him', 'bayit' means 'house', 'neeman' again means 'faithful', 'vethalekh' means 'and he will walk', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'meshichi' means 'my Messiah', 'kol' means 'all', 'hayamim' means 'the days'.
[1SA.2.36] And it shall be that all the remaining in your house shall come to bow down to him for a store of silver and to bake bread, and he shall say, 'Supply me, please, to one of the priesthoods to eat a piece of bread.' [§]
vehayah kol-hanotar beveitecha yavo lehistachavot lo la'egorat kesef vechikar lahem veamar sefacheni na el achat hakhenot le'ekhol pat lahhem.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'kol' means 'all', 'hanotar' means 'the remaining', 'beveitecha' means 'in your house', 'yavo' means 'he will come', 'lehistachavot' means 'to bow down', 'lo' means 'to him', 'la'egorat' means 'for a store of', 'kesef' means 'silver', 'vechikar' means 'and to bake', 'lahem' means 'bread', 'veamar' means 'and he said', 'sefacheni' means 'supply me', 'na' is an emphatic particle meaning 'please', 'el' means 'to', 'achat' means 'one', 'hakhenot' means 'of the priesthoods', 'le'ekhol' means 'to eat', 'pat' means 'piece', 'lahhem' means 'of bread'.
1SA.3
[1SA.3.1] And the boy Samuel served Yahveh before Eli, and the word of Yahveh was precious in those days; there was no broken prophecy. [§]
vehanna'ar Shmuel mesharet et-Yahveh lifnei Eli, udvar-Yahveh hayah yakar bayamim hahem, ain chazon nifrats.
've' means 'and', 'hanna'ar' means 'the boy', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'mesharet' means 'served', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Eli' is the personal name Eli, 'udvar-Yahveh' means 'and the word of Yahveh', 'hayah' means 'was', 'yakar' means 'precious' or 'valued', 'bayamim' means 'in the days', 'hahem' means 'those', 'ain' means 'there was no', 'chazon' means 'prophecy' or 'vision', and 'nifrats' means 'broken' or 'shattered'.
[1SA.3.2] And it happened on that day, and my God was lying in his place, and his eyes began to dim; he could not see. [§]
Vayehi bayom hahu veEli shochev bimekmo ve'einav hechelu kehot lo yuchal lir'ot.
"Vayehi" means "and it was"; "bayom" means "on the day"; "hahu" means "that"; "veEli" means "and Eli" (the name Eli means "my God"); "shochev" means "lying"; "bimekmo" means "in his place"; "ve'einav" means "and his eyes"; "hechelu" means "began to fail or dim"; "kehot" means "as a dimness"; "lo" means "not"; "yuchal" means "could"; "lir'ot" means "to see".
[1SA.3.3] And the light of the Gods before will not be quenched, and Samuel lies in the temple Yahveh, where there is the ark of the Gods. [§]
ve-ner Elohim terem yikbeh uShmuel shochev beheikhal Yahveh asher-sham aron Elohim.
've-ner' means 'and light', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'terem' means 'before', 'yikbeh' means 'will be quenched', 'uShmuel' means 'and Samuel', 'shochev' means 'lying', 'beheikhal' means 'in the temple', 'Yahveh' is the rendering of YHVH, 'asher-sham' means 'that there', 'aron' means 'ark', the final 'Elohim' again means 'the Gods'.
[1SA.3.4] And Yahveh called Samuel and said, Here I am. [§]
vayikra Yahveh el Shmuel vayomer hennei.
'vayikra' means 'and called', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'el' means 'to' or 'against' in the sense of addressing, 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'hennei' means 'here I am' (a declaration of presence).
[1SA.3.5] And he ran to my God and said, "Here I am, for you have called me," and he said, "I have not called, return, lie down," and he went and lay down. [§]
Vayaratz el-'Eli vayomer hineni ki qarata li vayomer lo qarati shuv shechav vayelekh vayishkav.
'Vayaratz' means 'and he ran', 'el-'Eli' means 'to my God' (El = God, -i = my), 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineni' means 'here I am', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'qarata' means 'you called', 'li' means 'to me', the second 'vayomer' again 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'qarati' means 'I called', 'shuv' means 'return', 'shechav' means 'lie down', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'vayishkav' means 'and he lay down'.
[1SA.3.6] And Yahveh called again Samuel, and Samuel rose and went to Eli, and said, 'Here I am, for you have called me.' And Eli said, 'I have not called you, my son; go back and lie down.' [§]
Vayosef Yahveh ker' od Shmuel vayakam Shmuel vayelekh el-Eli vayomer hineni ki karata li vayomer lo karati b'ni shuv shekhab.
'Vayosef' means 'and He added/continued', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH translated as 'Yahveh', 'ker' od' means 'called again', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'el-Eli' means 'to Eli', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineni' means 'here I am', 'ki' means 'for', 'karata' means 'you called', 'li' means 'to me', 'vayomer' again 'and he said', 'lo' means 'not', 'karati' means 'I called', 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'shuv' means 'return/go back', 'shekhab' means 'lie down'.
[1SA.3.7] Samuel had not yet known Yahveh, nor had the word of Yahveh been revealed to him. [§]
u-shmuel terem yada et Yahveh v-terem yigale elav devar Yahveh.
'u' means 'and', 'shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'terem' means 'before' or 'not yet', 'yada' means 'knew', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'v' means 'and', the second 'terem' repeats 'not yet', 'yigale' means 'was revealed' or 'came forth', 'elav' means 'to him', 'devar' means 'the word', the final 'Yahveh' again is the name of God.
[1SA.3.8] And Yahveh called Samuel the third time, and he rose and went to Eli, and said, 'Here I am, for you have called me,' and Eli understood, for Yahveh is calling the boy. [§]
vayosef Yahveh k'ro Shmuel ba'shlishit vayakam vayelekh el Eli vayomer hineni ki karata li vayaben Eli ki Yahveh kore lannaar.
'vayosef' means 'and he again', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'k'ro' means 'called', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'ba'shlishit' means 'the third time', 'vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'el' means 'to', 'Eli' is the name Eli, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineni' means 'here I am', 'ki' means 'for', 'karata' means 'you called', 'li' means 'to me', 'vayaben' means 'and he understood', 'Yahveh' again for YHWH, 'kore' means 'calls', 'lannaar' means 'to the boy'.
[1SA.3.9] And my God said to Samuel, Go lie down, and it will be, if he calls to you you shall say 'Speak Yahveh,' because Yahveh hears your servant. Then Samuel went and he lay down in his place. [§]
Vayomer Eli le Shmuel lekh shkv vehayah im yikra eilechah veamarta daber Yahveh ki shomea avdecha vayelech Shmuel vayishkav bimikomo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Eli' means 'my God' (El = God, -i = my), 'le' means 'to', 'Shmuel' is the proper name 'Samuel', 'lekh' means 'go', 'shkv' means 'lie down', 'vehayah' means 'and it will be', 'im' means 'if', 'yikra' means 'he will call', 'eilechah' means 'to you', 'veamarta' means 'and you shall say', 'daber' means 'speak', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'shomea' means 'hears', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'Shmuel' again the name, 'vayishkav' means 'and he lay down', 'bimikomo' means 'in his place'.
[1SA.3.10] And Yahveh came, and stood, and called as often as He called Samuel, Samuel. And Samuel said, Speak, for your servant hears. [§]
Vayavo Yahveh vayit-yatzzav vayikra kepha'am-be'pa'am Shmuel Shmuel vayomer Shmuel daber ki shomea avdecha.
'Vayavo' means 'and came', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'vayit-yatzzav' means 'and stood', 'vayikra' means 'and called', 'kepha'am-be'pa'am' means 'as often as', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, repeated for emphasis, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'daber' means 'speak' or 'talk', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'shomea' means 'hears', 'avdecha' means 'your servant'.
[1SA.3.11] Yahveh said to Samuel, Behold, I am doing a thing in Israel that all who hear shall hear with two ears. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el Shmuel hineh anochi oseh davar beYisrael asher kol shomo tetzilina shtei azonav.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'oseh' means 'am doing' or 'will do', 'davar' means 'a thing' or 'matter', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'kol' means 'all', 'shomo' means 'who hear' (literally 'its hearing'), 'tetzilina' means 'shall cause to be heard' or 'shall be heard', 'shtei' means 'two', and 'azonav' means 'his ears'.
[1SA.3.12] On that day I will raise to my God all that I have spoken to his house, the beginning and the end. [§]
bayom hahou akim el-eli et kol asher dibarti el-beto hachel vechaleh.
'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahou' means 'that', 'akim' means 'I will raise', 'el-eli' means 'to my God', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'dibarti' means 'I have spoken', 'el-beto' means 'to his house', 'hachel' means 'the beginning', 'vechaleh' means 'and the end'.
[1SA.3.13] And I told him that I am judge of his house forever because of the guilt he knew that they curse his sons, and it was not in them. [§]
vehigadti lo ki shofet ani et-beto ad-olam ba-avon asher yada ki mekalelim lahem banav velo kiha bam.
'vehigadti' means 'and I told', 'lo' means 'him', 'ki' means 'that', 'shofet' means 'judge', 'ani' means 'I', 'et-beto' means 'his house', 'ad-olam' means 'forever', 'ba-avon' means 'because of the guilt', 'asher' means 'that', 'yada' means 'he knew', 'ki' means 'that', 'mekalelim' means 'cursing', 'lahem' means 'them', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'velo' means 'and not', 'kiha' means 'it was', 'bam' means 'in them'.
[1SA.3.14] Therefore I have sworn to the house of my God, if the sin of the house of my God be atoned by sacrifice and by offering forever. [§]
Ve-lachen nishbatti le'veit Eli im yitkaper avon beit Eli bezevach uveminchah ad olam.
'Ve-lachen' means 'therefore', 'nishbatti' means 'I have sworn', 'le'veit' means 'to the house of', 'Eli' means 'my God', 'im' means 'if', 'yitkaper' means 'shall atone', 'avon' means 'sin', 'beit Eli' means 'the house of my God', 'bezevach' means 'by sacrifice', 'uveminchah' means 'and by offering', 'ad' means 'forever', 'olam' means 'age/eternity'. The name 'Eli' is rendered as 'my God' according to the rule that 'El' = God and the suffix '-i' indicates 'my'.
[1SA.3.15] Samuel lay down until the morning and opened the doors of the house of Yahveh and Samuel feared the one who announced the vision to Eli. [§]
vayishkab shmuel ad haboker vayiftach et daltoot beit yahveh ushmuel yare me hagid et hamara el eli.
'vayishkab' means 'and he lay down', 'shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'ad' means 'until', 'haboker' means 'the morning', 'vayiftach' means 'and he opened', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'daltoot' means 'the doors', 'beit' means 'house', 'yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'ushmuel' means 'and Samuel', 'yare' means 'feared', 'me' means 'from', 'hagid' means 'the one who announces', 'et' again the direct object marker, 'hamara' means 'the vision', 'el' means 'to', 'eli' means 'Eli'.
[1SA.3.16] And my God called God has heard, and said, 'God has heard, my son,' and said, 'Behold, I am.' [§]
vayikra Eli et-Shmuel vayomer Shmuel b'ni vayomer hineni.
'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Eli' means 'my God', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Shmuel' means 'God has heard', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', the second 'Shmuel' again means 'God has heard', 'b'ni' means 'my son', the second 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', and 'hineni' means 'here I am' or 'behold, I am'.
[1SA.3.17] And he said, 'What is the matter which has spoken to you? Please do not deny me; this is what the Gods will do for you, and this they will add: if you deny me, a thing from all the matter which has spoken to you.' [§]
Vayomer mah hadavar asher diber elecha al na tekhached mimeni ko ya'aseh lecha elohim ve'ko yosif im tekhached mimeni davar mikol hadavar asher diber elecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mah' means 'what', 'hadavar' means 'the matter' or 'the thing', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'elecha' means 'to you' (addressing a male), 'al' means 'do not', 'na' means 'please' (a polite particle), 'tekhached' means 'you deny', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'ko' means 'thus' or 'so', 'ya'aseh lecha' means 'will do for you', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 've'ko' means 'and thus', 'yosif' means 'will add', 'im' means 'if', the second 'tekhached' and 'mimeni' repeat 'you deny from me', 'davar' means 'thing' or 'matter', 'mikol hadavar' means 'from all the matter', the second 'asher' and 'diber' repeat 'which spoke', and the final 'elecha' again means 'to you'.
[1SA.3.18] And Samuel told him all the words, and none were withheld from him; and he said, Yahveh, He is good in his eyes and will act. [§]
Va-yagged lo Shmuel et kol ha-devarim ve-lo kichad mimenu va-yomer Yahveh hu ha-tov be-einav ya'aseh.
'Va-yagged' means 'and he told', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-devarim' means 'the words/things', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'kichad' means 'withheld/kept back', 'mimenu' means 'from him', 'va-yomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'hu' means 'He', 'ha-tov' means 'the good', 'be-einav' means 'in his eyes', 'ya'aseh' means 'will do/act'.
[1SA.3.19] Samuel grew, and Yahveh was with him, and He did not let any of his words fall to the ground. [§]
Vayyigdal Shmuel vayYHVH haya immo velo-hupil mikol-devarav aretsa.
'Vayyigdal' means 'and he grew great', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'vayYHVH' means 'and Yahveh', 'haya' means 'was', 'immo' means 'with him', 'velo' means 'and not', 'hupil' means 'cause to fall' (here in the negative sense 'did not cause to fall'), 'mikol' means 'from all', 'devarav' means 'his words', 'aretza' means 'the ground'.
[1SA.3.20] And all Israel from Dan even to Be'er Sheva knew that Samuel was faithful as a prophet to Yahveh. [§]
Vayedah kol Yisrael mi Dan ve'ad be'er Shava ki ne'eman Shmuel le-navi laYahveh.
'Vayedah' means 'and it became known', 'kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mi' means 'from', 'Dan' is a city name, 've'ad' means 'and up to', 'be'er' means 'well', 'Shava' is the name of the place Be'er Sheva, 'ki' means 'because', 'ne'eman' means 'faithful', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'le-navi' means 'as a prophet', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the literal translation of YHVH).
[1SA.3.21] And Yahveh continued to appear at Shiloh because Yahveh was revealed to Samuel at Shiloh by the word of Yahveh. [§]
vayosef Yahveh leheroa beshiloh ki-niglah Yahveh el-shemuel beshiloh bidvar Yahveh
'vayosef' means 'and continued', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'leheroa' means 'to appear', 'beshiloh' means 'at Shiloh', 'ki-niglah' means 'because was revealed', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'el-shemuel' means 'to Samuel', 'beshiloh' means 'at Shiloh', 'bidvar' means 'by the word', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh'.
1SA.4
[1SA.4.1] And the word of Samuel to all Israel, and Israel went out to meet the Philistines for war, and they camped at the stone of help, and the Philistines camped in Aphek. [§]
Vayehi devar Shmuel lechol Yisrael vayetse Yisrael likrat Pelistim lamilchama vayachanu al haeven haezor uPelistim chanu bafeq.
'Vayehi' means 'And it was', 'devar' means 'the word', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'lechol' means 'to all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayetse' means 'and went out', 'likrat' means 'to meet', 'Pelistim' means 'the Philistines', 'lamilchama' means 'for war', 'vayachanu' means 'and they camped', 'al' means 'at', 'haeven' means 'the stone', 'haezor' means 'of help', 'uPelistim' means 'and the Philistines', 'chanu' means 'camped', 'bafeq' means 'in Aphek'.
[1SA.4.2] And the Philistines gathered to meet Israel, and the battle was left, and Israel fled before the Philistines; and they struck in the formation on the field as four thousand men. [§]
vayar'chu pelishtim liqr'at yisrael vattosh hamilchamah vayinaghef yisrael lifnei pelishtim vayaku bamaaracha bashadeh ke'arbat alafim ish.
'vayar'chu' means 'and they gathered', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'liqr'at' means 'to meet', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vattosh' means 'and the war was left', 'hamilchamah' means 'the battle', 'vayinaghef' means 'and Israel fled', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'vayaku' means 'and they struck', 'bamaaracha' means 'in the formation', 'bashadeh' means 'in the field', 'ke'arbat' means 'as four', 'alafim' means 'thousands', 'ish' means 'man'.
[1SA.4.3] And the people came to the camp, and the elders of Israel said, "Why has Yahveh afflicted us today before the Philistines? Bring to us a burnt offering, the Ark of the Covenant of Yahveh, and let it come among us and save us from the hand of our enemies." [§]
vayavo haam el ha machaneh vayomru ziknei Yisrael lama nega nu Yahveh hayom lifnei Pelishtim neqacha elenu mishlo et aron brit Yahveh veyavo bekerbenu veyoshieinu mikaf oyveinu.
'vayavo' means 'and came', 'haam' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'ha machaneh' means 'the camp', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'ziknei' means 'the elders', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lama' means 'why', 'nega nu' means 'has afflicted us', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'hayom' means 'today', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'neqacha' means 'bring a burnt offering', 'elenu' means 'to us', 'mishlo' means 'a sacrifice', 'et' is a particle marking the object, 'aron' means 'ark', 'brit' means 'covenant', 'Yahveh' again for YHVH, 'veyavo' means 'and let it come', 'bekerbenu' means 'among us', 'veyoshieinu' means 'and save us', 'mikaf' means 'from the hand of', 'oyveinu' means 'our enemies'.
[1SA.4.4] And the people sent Shiloh and they lifted from there the Ark of the Covenant of Yahveh of hosts, the seat of the cherubim; and there were the two sons of Eli, with the Ark of the Covenant of the Gods, Chafni and Pinchas. [§]
Vayishlach ha am Shilo vayisa'u misham et Aron Brit-Yahveh Tzevaot yoshev hak'ruvim ve'sham shnei b'nei Eli im Aron Brit haElohim Chafni uPinchas.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'ha am' means 'the people', 'Shilo' is a proper name, 'vayisa'u' means 'and they lifted', 'misham' means 'from there', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'Aron' means 'Ark', 'Brit-Yahveh' means 'Covenant of Yahveh', 'Tzevaot' means 'of hosts', 'yoshev' means 'sitting' or 'the seat', 'hak'ruvim' means 'of the cherubim', 've'sham' means 'and there', 'shnei' means 'two', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Eli' is a proper name, 'im' means 'with', 'Aron Brit haElohim' means 'the Ark of the Covenant of the Gods', 'Chafni' and 'Pinchas' are proper names.
[1SA.4.5] And it happened when the ark of covenant of Yahveh came to the camp, all Israel shouted a great shout, and the earth trembled. [§]
Vayehi kevo aron berit YHWH el ha machane vayaryu kol Yisrael teruah gedolah vatehom haaretz.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kevo' means 'when came', 'aron' means 'ark', 'berit YHWH' means 'covenant of Yahveh', 'el' means 'to', 'ha machane' means 'the camp', 'vayaryu' means 'they shouted', 'kol Yisrael' means 'all Israel', 'teruah gedolah' means 'a great shout or triumph', 'vatehom' means 'and the earth trembled', 'haaretz' means 'the earth'.
[1SA.4.6] And the Philistines heard the sound of the uproar, and they said, what is this great uproar in the camp of the Hebrews? And they knew that the ark of Yahveh had come to the camp. [§]
vayishmeu plishtim et kol ha-teroa vayomeru mah kol ha-teroa ha-gedolah hazot b'machaneh ha-ivrim vayedau ki aron Yahveh ba el ha-machaneh.
'vayishmeu' means 'and they heard', 'plishtim' means 'Philistines', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'sound', 'ha-teroa' means 'the uproar', 'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'mah' means 'what', 'ha-gedolah' means 'the great', 'hazot' means 'this', 'b'machaneh' means 'in the camp', 'ha-ivrim' means 'the Hebrews', 'vayedau' means 'and they knew', 'ki' means 'that', 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'ba' means 'came', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-machaneh' means 'the camp'.
[1SA.4.7] And the Philistines saw, because they said, 'the Gods have come to the camp,' and they said, 'woe to us, because such a thing was not [there] yesterday or the day before yesterday.' [§]
vayiru ha-pelshitim ki amru ba elohim el ha-machane vayomru oy lanu ki lo hayeta kazo etmol shilshom.
'vayiru' means 'they saw', 'ha-pelshitim' means 'the Philistines', 'ki' means 'because', 'amru' means 'they said', 'ba' means 'came', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-machane' means 'the camp', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'oy' means 'woe', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'lo' means 'not', 'hayeta' means 'was', 'kazo' means 'such (a thing)', 'etmol' means 'yesterday', 'shilshom' means 'the day before yesterday'.
[1SA.4.8] Woe to us, who will save us from the hand of the mighty the Gods? These are the Gods who strike Egypt in every blow in the desert. [§]
Oy lanu mi yatsileinu miyad haelohim ha'adirim ha'eleh aleh hem haelohim hamakim et Mitzrayim bechol makah ba-midbar.
'Oy' means 'woe', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'mi' means 'who', 'yatsileinu' means 'will save us', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods', 'ha'adirim' means 'the mighty', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'aleh' means 'they are', 'hem' means 'they', 'haelohim' again means 'the Gods', 'hamakim' means 'who strike', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'bechol' means 'in every', 'makah' means 'blow', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the desert'.
[1SA.4.9] Strengthen yourselves and be like the Philistines, lest you serve the Hebrews as they served you, and you will be like men and you will fight. [§]
hitkhazeku viheyu la'anashim pelishtim pen taavdu la'ivrim ka'asher avdu lachem viheyitem la'anashim venilhamtem.
'hitkhazeku' means 'strengthen yourselves', 'viheyu' means 'and be', 'la'anashim' means 'to the men' or 'as men', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'pen' means 'lest', 'taavdu' means 'you serve', 'la'ivrim' means 'the Hebrews', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'avdu' means 'they served', 'lachem' means 'to you', 'viheyitem' means 'and you will be', 'venilhamtem' means 'and you will fight'.
[1SA.4.10] The Philistines fought and Israel was defeated, each man fled to his tent, the blow was very great, and from Israel thirty thousand foot soldiers fell. [§]
Vayilachamu p'lishtim vayinnagef Yisrael vayanusu ish le'ohalav vatehi ha-makkah gedolah me'od vayipol miYisrael sheloshim elef raglei.
'Vayilachamu' means 'and they fought', 'p'lishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'vayinnagef' means 'and [they] were defeated', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayanusu' means 'and they fled', 'ish' means 'a man', 'le'ohalav' means 'to his tent', 'vatehi' means 'and it was', 'ha-makkah' means 'the blow', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'me'od' means 'very', 'vayipol' means 'and fell', 'miYisrael' means 'from Israel', 'sheloshim' means 'thirty', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'raglei' means 'foot soldiers'.
[1SA.4.11] And the ark of God was taken and the two sons of Eli died, Hophni and Phinehas. [§]
Va'aron Elohim nilkach u'shnei b'nei Eli metu Chophni u'Phinechas.
'Va'aron' means 'and the ark', 'Elohim' means 'God', 'nilkach' means 'was taken', 'u'shnei' means 'and two', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'Eli' is a proper name, 'metu' means 'died', 'Chophni' is a proper name, 'u'Phinechas' means 'and Phinehas' (another proper name).
[1SA.4.12] And a man of Benjamin ran from the winepress and came to Shiloh that day, and his garments were torn, and earth was upon his head. [§]
Vayyara tz ish binyamin meha ma'arachah vayavo shiloh bayom hahu u-madayi k'ru'im va-adamah al rosho.
'Vayyara tz' means 'and he ran', 'ish' means 'a man', 'binyamin' means 'of Benjamin', 'meha' means 'from the', 'ma'arachah' means 'winepress', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'shiloh' means 'to Shiloh', 'bayom' means 'that day', 'hahu' means 'the', 'u-madayi' means 'and his garments', 'k'ru'im' means 'were torn', 'va-adamah' means 'and earth', 'al' means 'upon', 'rosho' means 'his head'.
[1SA.4.13] And he came, and behold, Eli sat on the throne, striking the road while waiting, because his heart was angry over the ark of the Gods; the man came to announce it in the city, and the whole city shouted. [§]
vayavo vehineh Eli yoshev al-hakisse yach derekh metzapeh ki-hayah libo chared al aron haElohim vehha'ish ba lehagid ba'ir vatiz'ak kol-ha'ir.
'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'Eli' is a proper name meaning 'my God', 'yoshev' means 'sitting' or 'sat', 'al-hakisse' means 'on the throne', 'yach' means 'strikes' or 'hits', 'derekh' means 'road', 'metzapeh' means 'watching' or 'waiting', 'ki-hayah' means 'because he was', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'chared' means 'angry' or 'fierce', 'al' means 'over' or 'against', 'aron' means 'ark', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of the divine name Elohim), 'vehha'ish' means 'and the man', 'ba' means 'came', 'lehagid' means 'to tell' or 'to announce', 'ba'ir' means 'in the city', 'vatiz'ak' means 'and (she) shouted', 'kol-ha'ir' means 'the whole city'.
[1SA.4.14] And my God heard the voice of the cry and said, 'What is the voice of this crowd?' And the man hurried, came, and reported to my God. [§]
Vayishma Eli et kol hatzeaka vayomer meh kol hehamon hazeh vehaish mihar vayavo vayagged leEli.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Eli' is a proper name meaning 'my God', 'et' marks the direct object, 'kol' means 'voice', 'hatzeaka' means 'the cry/shout', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'meh' means 'what', 'kol' means 'voice', 'hehamon' means 'the crowd', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'vehaish' means 'and the man', 'mihar' means 'hurried', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'vayagged' means 'and reported', 'leEli' means 'to Eli (my God)'.
[1SA.4.15] And Eli, who was ninety‑eight years old, his eyes were lifted, and he could not see. [§]
veEli ben-tishim ushmonah shanah veEinav kamah veLo yakhol lirot.
'veEli' means 'and Eli', 'ben-tishim ushmonah shanah' means 'son of ninety and eight years' i.e. 'was ninety‑eight years old', 'veEinav' means 'and his eyes', 'kamah' means 'were lifted' or 'had risen', 'veLo' means 'and not', 'yakhol' means 'could', 'lirot' means 'to see'.
[1SA.4.16] And the man said to Eli, 'I am the one who came from the orchard, and I have fled from the orchard today.' And he said, 'What was the matter, my son?' [§]
Vayomer ha'ish el Eli: 'Anochi haba min ha-ma'arachah, va'ani min ha-ma'arachah nastiti hayom.' Vayomer: 'Mah haya ha-davar b'ni?'
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'el' means 'to', 'Eli' is a proper name, 'Anochi' means 'I', 'haba' means 'came' or 'am the one who came', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-ma'arachah' means 'the orchard' or 'the vineyard', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'nastiti' means 'I have fled' or 'I have gone away', 'hayom' means 'today', the second 'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'mah' means 'what', 'haya' means 'was', 'ha-davar' means 'the matter' or 'the thing', and 'b'ni' means 'my son'.
[1SA.4.17] And the herald answered and said, Run, Israel, before the Philistines; also a great plague was among the people; also your two sons died, Chofni and Pinchas, and the ark of the Gods was taken. [§]
Vayya'an hamvaser vayomer nas Yisrael lifnei Pelishtim vegam magefa gedolah hayta baam vegam shnei vanecha metu Chofni uPinchas va'aron haElohim nilkacha.
'Vayya'an' means 'and he answered', 'hamvaser' means 'the herald', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'nas' means 'run!', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'vegam' means 'also', 'magefa' means 'plague', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'hayta' means 'was', 'baam' means 'among the people', 'shnei' means 'two', 'vanecha' means 'your sons', 'metu' means 'died', 'Chofni' is a personal name, 'uPinchas' means 'and Pinchas', 'va'aron' means 'and the ark', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'nilkacha' means 'was taken'.
[1SA.4.18] And it was, as he remembered the ark of the Gods, it fell from the throne's rear side by the hand of the gate, and its hinge broke, and he died because the man was old and heavy, and he judged Israel for forty years. [§]
vayehi kehazkiro et-aron haElohim vayipol me'al-ha-kise achranit be'ad yad hashaar vatishaver mafrakto vayamot ki-zaken ha-ish vechaved vehu shafat et-Yisrael arba'im shana.
'vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kehazkiro' means 'as he remembered', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'aron' means 'ark', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'vayipol' means 'and fell', 'me'al' means 'from above', 'ha-kise' means 'the throne', 'achranit' means 'rear side' or 'back', 'be'ad' means 'by the side of', 'yad' means 'hand', 'hashaar' means 'the gate', 'vatishaver' means 'and it broke', 'mafrakto' means 'its hinge' (literally 'its partition'), 'vayamot' means 'and he died', 'ki-zaken' means 'because old', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'vechaved' means 'and heavy', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'shafat' means 'judged', 'et-Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'shana' means 'years'.
[1SA.4.19] And his daughter-in-law, the wife of Pinchas, was pregnant at night and she heard the proclamation about the taking of the ark of the Gods, and her mother and her husband died. She bent over and gave birth, because her enemies had turned against her in her distress. [§]
vekhallato eshet-Pinchas harah lullat vatisma et-hashemuah el-halakach aron haElohim u-met chamihah v'isha vatikra vateled ki-nehefchu aleyha tzirah.
'vekhallato' means 'and his daughter-in-law', 'eshet-Pinchas' means 'the wife of Pinchas', 'harah' means 'was pregnant', 'lullat' means 'at night', 'vatisma' means 'and she heard', 'et-hashemuah' means 'the proclamation', 'el-halakach' means 'about the taking', 'aron haElohim' means 'the ark of the Gods' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods'), 'u-met' means 'and died', 'chamihah' means 'her mother', 'v'isha' means 'and her husband', 'vatikra' means 'she bent over', 'vateled' means 'and gave birth', 'ki-nehefchu' means 'because her enemies had turned against her', 'aleyha' means 'upon her', 'tzirah' means 'her distress' or 'her sorrow'.
[1SA.4.20] And at the time of her death she spoke; the standing ones [against] her said, 'Do not be afraid, for you have given birth to a son.' But she did not answer and did not drink to her heart. [§]
Uke'et mutah vatedabernah hanitzavot aleha al-tiri ki ben yaladti velo anatah velo shatah libbah.
'Uke'et' means 'and at the time', 'mutah' means 'her death', 'vatedabernah' means 'and she spoke', 'hanitzavot' means 'the standing ones', 'aleha' means 'against her' or 'upon her', 'al-tiri' means 'do not be afraid', 'ki' means 'because', 'ben' means 'son', 'yaladti' means 'you gave birth', 'velo' means 'and not', 'anatah' means 'she answered', 'shatah' means 'she drank', 'libbah' means 'her heart'.
[1SA.4.21] And she called to the youth, "O honor, say that glory has gone out from Israel to the taking of the ark of the Gods and to its brother and its husband." [§]
Va-tikra la-na'ar ei-ka-vood le-e-mor ga-la ka-vood mi-yi-shra-el el-hi-la-kach a-ron ha-Elohim ve-el cha-mi-hah ve-i-sha.
'Va-tikra' means 'and she called', 'la-na'ar' means 'to the youth', 'ei-ka-vood' is an idiomatic exclamation meaning 'O honor', 'le-e-mor' means 'to say', 'ga-la' means 'has gone out' or 'has come out', 'ka-vood' means 'glory', 'mi-yi-shra-el' means 'from Israel', 'el' means 'to', 'hi-la-kach' means 'the taking', 'a-ron' means 'ark', 'ha-Elohim' means 'the Gods', 've-el' means 'and to', 'cha-mi-hah' means 'its brother', 've-i-sha' means 'and its husband'.
[1SA.4.22] And she said, The glory of Israel has gone, because the ark of the Gods was taken. [§]
va toamer galah kavod miYisrael ki nilkach aron haelohim
'va' means 'and', 'toamer' means 'she said', 'galah' means 'has gone' or 'has departed', 'kavod' means 'glory', 'mi' means 'from' or 'of', 'Yisrael' is the proper name Israel, 'ki' means 'because', 'nilkach' means 'was taken', 'aron' means 'ark', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' according to the literal translation rule for the name of God.
1SA.5
[1SA.5.1] And the Philistines took the ark of the Gods and carried it from the stone of help at Ashdod. [§]
u-plištim lakechu et aron haelohim vayvi'uhu meeven haezer ashdodah.
'u-plištim' means 'and the Philistines', 'lakechu' means 'they took', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'aron' means 'ark', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods', 'vayvi'uhu' means 'and they carried it', 'meeven' means 'from the stone', 'haezer' means 'of help', 'ashdodah' is the name of the city Ashdod.
[1SA.5.2] And the Philistines took the ark of the Gods and brought it to the house of Dagon and set it beside Dagon. [§]
Vayikchu Philistim et-aron haElohim vayaviu oto beit Dagon vayatzigu oto etzel Dagon.
'Vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'et' is the accusative particle with no direct translation, 'aron' means 'ark' or 'box', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (plural form of God), 'vayaviu' means 'and they brought', 'oto' means 'it', 'beit' means 'house', 'Dagon' is the name of the Philistine deity, 'vayatzigu' means 'and they set' or 'displayed', 'etzel' means 'beside'.
[1SA.5.3] And the Ashdodites rose early the next day, and behold a fish fell before them, the land before the ark of Yahveh, and they took the fish and put it back to its place. [§]
vayashkimu ashdodim mimacharat vehineh dagon nofel lefanav artzah lifnei aron yahweh vayikchu et-dagon vayashivu oto limkomo.
'vayashkimu' means 'and they rose early', 'ashdodim' means 'the Ashdodites', 'mimacharat' means 'the next day', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'dagon' means 'a fish', 'nofel' means 'fell', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'artzah' means 'the land', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'aron' means 'ark', 'yahweh' (translated as Yahveh) is the divine name, 'vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'et-dagon' means 'the fish', 'vayashivu' means 'and they put back', 'oto' means 'it', 'limkomo' means 'to its place'.
[1SA.5.4] And they rose early in the morning, and behold a loaf fell before them, the earth before the ark of Yahveh; and the head of the loaf and two of its hands were cut off to the entrance, only the loaf remained upon it. [§]
vayashkimu baboker mimachorot vehineh dagon nofel lefanav artzah lifnei aron Yahveh verosh dagon ushtei kappot yadav kerutot el-hamiftan rak dagon nishar alav.
'vayashkimu' means 'they rose early', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'mimachorot' means 'of the next day', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'dagon' in this context means 'a loaf' or 'a piece of dough', 'nofel' means 'fell', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'artzah' means 'the ground/earth', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'verosh' means 'and the head', 'ushtei' means 'and two', 'kappot' means 'hands', 'yadav' means 'his hands', 'kerutot' means 'pieces', 'el-hamiftan' means 'to the entrance', 'rak' means 'only', 'nishar' means 'remained', 'alav' means 'upon it'.
[1SA.5.5] Therefore they will not go, the priests of Dagon and all those who come to the house of Dagon at the entrance of Dagon in Ashdod until this day. [§]
Al-ken lo yidrekhu kohanei Dagon vechol-haba'im beit-Dagon al-miftan Dagon beAshdod ad-hayom hazeh.
"Al" means "therefore", "ken" means "thus", "lo" means "not", "yidrekhu" means "they will go", "kohanei" means "priests of", "Dagon" is the name of the Philistine god, "vechol" means "and all", "habaa'im" means "those who come", "beit" means "house (of)", "al" means "at", "miftan" means "entrance", "beAshdod" means "in Ashdod", "ad" means "until", "hayom" means "the day", "hazeh" means "this".
[1SA.5.6] And the hand of Yahveh was heavy upon the Ashdodites, and He made them silent, and He struck them in the dust, the city of Ashdod and its border. [§]
vatikbad yad-Yahveh el-hashdodim vayosheem vayach otam baafolim et-hashdod veet-gevuleha.
'va' means 'and', 'tikbad' means 'was heavy', 'yad' means 'hand', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'upon', 'hashdodim' means 'the Ashdodites' (people of Ashdod), 'vayosheem' means 'and He made them silent', 'vayach' means 'and He struck', 'otam' means 'them', 'baafolim' means 'in the dust', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'hashdod' means 'Ashdod (the city)', 'veet' means 'and the', 'gevuleha' means 'its border/territory'.
[1SA.5.7] And the men of Ashdod saw that it was so and they said there shall be no ark of the Gods of Israel with us, for his hand is hard upon us and upon Dagon our Gods. [§]
Vayiru anshei Ashdod ki ken ve'amaru lo-yeshev aron elohai Yisrael imanu ki kashta yado alenu ve'al Dagon elohenu.
'Vayiru' means 'and they saw', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'Ashdod' is a city name, 'ki ken' means 'that it is so', 've'amaru' means 'and they said', 'lo-yeshev' means 'shall not sit', 'aron' means 'ark', 'elohai' means 'God of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'imanu' means 'with us', 'ki kashta yado alenu' means 'for his hand is hard upon us', 've'al Dagon' means 'and upon Dagon (a deity)', 'elohenu' means 'our Gods'.
[1SA.5.8] And they sent and gathered all the lords of the Philistines to them and said, What shall we do to the ark of God of Israel? And they said, Let us bring the ark of God of Israel, and they brought the ark of God of Israel. [§]
Vayishlechu vayyaasfu et-kol-sarnei Philistim aleihem vayomru ma na'aseh la'aron Elohei Yisrael vayomru gat yissov aron Elohei Yisrael vayassevu et-aron Elohei Yisrael.
'Vayishlechu' means 'and they sent', 'vayyaasfu' means 'and they gathered', 'et-kol' means 'all', 'sarnei' means 'lords' or 'chiefs', 'Philistim' means 'Philistines', 'al'ehem' means 'to them', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'ma na'aseh' means 'what shall we do', 'la'aron' means 'to the ark', 'Elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' meaning 'the God(s) of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'gat yissov' means 'let us bring', 'aron' means 'ark', 'vayassevu' means 'they brought' or 'they carried', 'et-aron' again 'the ark'. The divine name 'Elohei Yisrael' is rendered literally as 'God of Israel' following the rule that the name 'Elohim' is translated as 'the Gods' but in the singular construct it becomes 'God'.
[1SA.5.9] And it happened after they turned him, and the hand of Yahveh was in the city, a great overwhelming [force], and He struck the men of the city, small and great alike, and they placed thorns for them. [§]
va-yehi acharei hesabbu oto vat'hi yad-Yahveh ba'ir mehumah gedolah me'od vayach et-anshei ha'ir mikaton ve'ad gadol vayisattru lahem afolim.
'va-yehi' means 'and it happened', 'acharei' means 'after', 'hesabbu' means 'they turned', 'oto' means 'him', 'vat'hi' means 'and it was', 'yad-Yahveh' means 'the hand of Yahveh', 'ba'ir' means 'in the city', 'mehumah' means 'overwhelming' or 'great disturbance', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'me'od' means 'very', 'vayach' means 'and he struck', 'et-anshei' means 'the men of', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'mikaton' means 'from small', 've'ad' means 'and up to', 'gadol' means 'great', 'vayisattru' means 'and they placed', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'afolim' means 'thorns' or 'thistle-like plants'.
[1SA.5.10] They sent the ark of the Gods to Ekron, and when the ark of the Gods came to Ekron, the Ekronites shouted, saying, 'Turn over to me the ark of the Gods of Israel, that they may kill me and my people.' [§]
Vayeshalchu et-aron haElohim Ekron vayhi keboa aron haElohim Ekron vayitzaku haEkronim le'emor hesabbu elai et-aron Elohei Yisrael lahmiteni ve'et-ami.
'Vayeshalchu' means 'they sent', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'aron' means 'ark', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'Ekron' is the city name, 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'keboa' means 'when it came', 'vayitzaku' means 'they shouted', 'haEkronim' means 'the Ekronites', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'hesabbu' means 'turn over' or 'bring', 'elai' means 'to me', 'Elohei' means 'Gods of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lahmiteni' means 'that they may kill me', 've'et-ami' means 'and my people'.
[1SA.5.11] They sent and gathered all the officials of the Philistines and said, "Send away the ark of the God of Israel, and it will return to its place and will not kill me or my people, because there was a deadly plague throughout the city; the hand of the Gods was very heavy there." [§]
vayishlechu vayyasfu et-kol-sarnei pelishtim vayomru shalchu et-aron elohei yisrael veyashuv limkomo velo-yamit oti ve-et-ami ki hayta mehumat-mavet be-kol-ha'ir kavda meod yad ha-elohim sham.
'vayishlechu' means 'and they sent', 'vayy asfu' means 'and they gathered', 'et-kol-sarnei' means 'all the officials', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'shalchu' means 'send away', 'et-aron' means 'the ark', 'elohei' is the construct form of 'Elohim' which is translated literally as 'the Gods', but in this singular possessive sense it is rendered as 'the God', 'yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'veyashuv' means 'and it will return', 'limkomo' means 'to its place', 'velo-yamit' means 'and will not kill', 'oti' means 'me', 've-et-ami' means 'and my people', 'ki' means 'because', 'hayta' means 'there was', 'mehumat-mavet' means 'a deadly plague', 'be-kol-ha'ir' means 'throughout the city', 'kavda' means 'heavy', 'meod' means 'very', 'yad ha-elohim' means 'the hand of the Gods' (using the literal translation of Elohim), and 'sham' means 'there'.
[1SA.5.12] And the men who did not die were struck in the dust, and the clamor of the city rose to the heavens. [§]
veha anashim asher lo metu hukku ba afolim vata al shuaat ha ir hashemayim.
'veha' means 'and the', 'anashim' means 'men', 'asher' means 'who', 'lo' means 'not', 'metu' means 'they died', 'hukku' means 'were struck' or 'were killed', 'ba' means 'in', 'afolim' means 'the dust', 'vata' means 'and', 'al' means 'rose', 'shuaat' means 'cry' or 'clamor', 'ha' means 'the', 'ir' means 'city', 'hashemayim' means 'the heavens'.
1SA.6
[1SA.6.1] And it was that the ark of Yahveh was in the field of the Philistines for seven months. [§]
Vayehi aron Yahveh bisdeh Philistim shivah chodeshim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bisdeh' means 'in the field', 'Philistim' means 'Philistines', 'shivah' means 'seven', 'chodeshim' means 'months'.
[1SA.6.2] And the Philistines called the priests and the diviners, saying, 'What shall we do with the ark of Yahveh? Tell us by what means we shall send it back to its place.' [§]
Vayikreu p'lishtim la'kohanim velakosim le'amar ma na'aseh la'aron Yahveh hodi'anu ba-meh neshalechenu limkomo.
'Vayikreu' means 'they called', 'p'lishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'la'kohanim' means 'to the priests', 'velakosim' means 'and to the diviners', 'le'amar' means 'saying', 'ma' means 'what', 'na'aseh' means 'shall we do', 'la'aron' means 'to the ark', 'Yahveh' means the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'hodi'anu' means 'inform us', 'ba-meh' means 'by what', 'neshalechenu' means 'we shall send it', 'limkomo' means 'to its place'.
[1SA.6.3] And they said, If you are sending the ark of the God of Israel, do not send it empty, because if you return it you will bring guilt to him; then you will be healed and it will be known to you why his hand does not turn away from you. [§]
vayomeru im meshalechim et aron elohai yisrael al teshalkhu oto reikam ki hashav tashibu lo ashamm az terafu venoda lakhem lama lo tasur yado mikhem.
'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'im' means 'if', 'meshalechim' means 'you are sending', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'aron' means 'ark', 'elohai' is the construct form of 'Elohim' meaning 'the God (of)', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'al' means 'do not', 'teshalkhu' means 'you will send', 'oto' means 'it', 'reikam' means 'empty', 'ki' means 'because', 'hashav' means 'you will return', 'tashibu' means 'you will bring back', 'lo' means 'to him', 'asham' means 'guilt', 'az' means 'then', 'terafu' means 'you will be healed', 'venoda' means 'and it will be known', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'lama' means 'why', 'lo' means 'not', 'tasur' means 'will turn away', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'mikhem' means 'from you'. The name 'elohai' is rendered as 'the God' following the rule that 'Elohim' translates to 'the Gods' and in singular construct form denotes 'the God'.
[1SA.6.4] And they said, 'What guilt must we repay to him?' And they said, 'The number of the Philistine banners: five golden links and five golden pieces, because one plague is for all of them and for your banners.' [§]
Vayomeru ma ha'asham asher nashiv lo vayomeru mispar sarnē pelishtim chamisha aflei zahav v'chamisha akhberē zahav ki-magefa achat lekhullam ulesarnēkhem.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'ma' means 'what', 'ha'asham' means 'the guilt/sin', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nashiv' means 'we will return/repay', 'lo' means 'to him', 'mispar' means 'the number', 'sarnē' means 'the banners', 'pelishtim' means 'of the Philistines', 'chamisha' means 'five', 'aflei' means 'links/pieces', 'zahav' means 'of gold', 'v'chamisha' means 'and five', 'akhberē' means 'crystals/pieces', also of gold, 'ki-magefa' means 'because a plague', 'achat' means 'one', 'lekhullam' means 'for all of them', 'ulesarnēkhem' means 'and for your banners'.
[1SA.6.5] And you will make images of your detestable things and images of your idols, the destroyers of the earth, and you will set them to the Gods of Israel for glory; perhaps he will withhold his hand from you and from your God and from your land. [§]
Va'asitem tzalmei efoliechhem ve tzalmei achbareichhem hamashchitim et haaretz unatatem leElohei Yisrael kavod ulai yakel et yado mealeichem ume'al elohichem ume'al artzchem.
'Va'asitem' means 'you will make', 'tzalmei' means 'images', 'efoliechhem' means 'of your detestable things', 've' means 'and', 'tzalmei' again 'images', 'achbareichhem' means 'of your idols', 'hamashchitim' means 'the destroyers', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'haaretz' means 'the earth', 'unatatem' means 'you will set', 'leElohei' means 'to the Gods' (plural), 'Yisrael' means 'of Israel', 'kavod' means 'glory', 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'yakel' means 'he will withhold', 'et' marker, 'yado' means 'his hand', 'mealeichem' means 'from you', 'ume'al' means 'and from', 'elohichem' means 'your God', 'ume'al' again 'and from', 'artzchem' means 'your land'.
[1SA.6.6] And why do you honor your heart as you honored Egypt and Pharaoh their heart? Is it not as they grew arrogant among them, and they sent them away, and they went. [§]
Ve lamah tekhabdu et levavkhem ka'asher kibdu Mitzrayim uPharaoh et libam halo ka'asher hit'allel bahem vayeshalkhum vayelekhu.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lamah' means 'why', 'tekhabdu' means 'you (plural) honor', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'levavkhem' means 'your heart', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'just as', 'kibdu' means 'they honored', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt', 'uPharaoh' means 'and Pharaoh', 'et' again marks the object, 'libam' means 'their heart', 'halo' means 'is it not', 'ka'asher' again means 'as', 'hit'allel' means 'they grew arrogant', 'bahem' means 'among them', 'vayeshalkhum' means 'and they sent them', 'vayelekhu' means 'and they went'.
[1SA.6.7] And now take and make a new dough, one and two leavened cakes which have not risen upon them, and bind the leavened cakes in the dough and return their children from behind them the house. [§]
veatah kechu vaasu agalah chadashah echat ushtei parot alot asher loala aleihem ol vasartem et haparot baagalah vahashivotem bneihem meachareihem habaytah
'veatah' means 'and now', 'kechu' means 'take', 'vaasu' means 'and make', 'agalah' means 'dough', 'chadashah' means 'new', 'echat' means 'one', 'ushtei' means 'and two', 'parot' means 'leavened cakes', 'alot' means 'that have risen', 'asher' means 'which', 'loala' means 'did not rise', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'ol' means 'offering', 'vasartem' means 'and you shall bind', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'haparot' means 'the leavened cakes', 'baagalah' means 'in the dough', 'vahashivotem' means 'and you shall return', 'bneihem' means 'their children', 'meachareihem' means 'from behind them', 'habaytah' means 'the house'.
[1SA.6.8] And you shall take the ark of Yahveh and you shall put it onto the wagon, and also the gold vessels which you have made for him, you shall set them in the silver on its side, and you shall send it and it shall go. [§]
u lekakhtem et-aron Yahveh u netatem oto el ha'agala ve'et klei ha-zahav asher heshvetem lo asham tasimu ba-argaz mitzido ve'shilakhtem oto vehalakh
'u' means 'and', 'lekakhtem' means 'you shall take', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'u' means 'and', 'netatem' means 'you shall put', 'oto' means 'it', 'el' means 'to' or 'upon', 'ha'agala' means 'the wagon', 've'et' means 'and also', 'klei' means 'the vessels', 'ha-zahav' means 'of gold', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'heshvetem' means 'you have made', 'lo' means 'for him', 'asham' means 'guilt' or 'culpability' (here idiomatically indicating 'to make restitution', see explanation), 'tasimu' means 'you shall place', 'ba-argaz' means 'in the silver', 'mitzido' means 'on its side', 've'shilakhtem' means 'and you shall send', 'oto' means 'it', 'vehalakh' means 'and it shall go'.
[1SA.6.9] And you will see whether the path of his boundary will ascend the house of the sun; he has made for us this great evil, and if not, we will know that his hand has not touched us; the disaster was for us. [§]
Ureitem im derekh gevulo ya'aleh beit shemesh hu asah lanu et-hara'ah hagedolah hazot ve-im lo ve-yada'nu ki lo yado nag'ah banu mikreh hu haya lanu.
'Ureitem' means 'and you will see', 'im' means 'if', 'derekh' means 'the way', 'gevulo' means 'its border or limit', 'ya'aleh' means 'will rise/go up', 'beit' means 'house', 'shemesh' means 'sun', 'hu' means 'he', 'asah' means 'made' or 'did', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'et-hara'ah' means 'the evil', 'hagedolah' means 'the great', 'hazot' means 'this', 've-im' means 'and if not', 've-yada'nu' means 'and we will know', 'ki' means 'that/because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'nag'ah' means 'touched or reached', 'banu' means 'us', 'mikreh' is understood as 'disaster or danger', 'hu' again 'he', 'haya' means 'was', 'lanu' means 'for us'.
[1SA.6.10] And the men did so, and they took two female goats, bound them in a basket, and killed their children in the house. [§]
vayyaasu ha'anashim ken vayikchu shtei parot alot vayasserum baagalah ve'et-benehem kallu babayit.
'vayyaasu' means 'and they did', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'ken' means 'thus' or 'so', 'vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'shtei' means 'two', 'parot' means 'goats', 'alot' modifies 'parot' indicating female goats, 'vayasserum' means 'and they bound them', 'baagalah' means 'in a basket', 've'et-benehem' means 'and their children', 'kallu' means 'they killed', 'babayit' means 'in the house'.
[1SA.6.11] And they placed the ark of Yahveh upon the rollers, and the chest, and the gold utensils, and the images of their cherubim. [§]
Vayassimu et-aron Yahveh el-ha'agalah ve-et ha'argaz ve-et achbrei ha-zahav ve-et tzalmey t'chorayhem.
'Vayassimu' means 'and they placed'; 'et' is the direct object marker; 'aron' means 'ark'; 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh; 'el' means 'upon' and 'ha'agalah' means 'the rollers'; 've-et' means 'and (the)'; 'ha'argaz' means 'the chest' or 'the box'; 've-et' again 'and (the)'; 'achbrei' is a construct form meaning 'gold utensils' (from 'achbar' 'utensil' with the suffix indicating plurality); 'ha-zahav' means 'the gold'; 've-et' again 'and (the)'; 'tzalmey' means 'images' or 'figures'; 't'chorayhem' is a construct meaning 'of their cherubim' (from 'tchor' 'cherub' with the plural suffix).
[1SA.6.12] And the cows sang in the road, upon the way to Beth Shemesh, on one track they walked and passed, and they did not turn right or left, and the Philistine raiders went after them to the border of Beth Shemesh. [§]
Vayisharna haparot ba-derekh al-derekh beit shemesh bi-m'sila achat halchu haloch ve-gao velo-saru yamin u-smol ve-sarnei plishtim holchim achareihem ad-gevul beit shemesh.
'Vayisharna' means 'and they sang', 'haparot' means 'the cows', 'ba-derekh' means 'in the road', 'al-derekh' means 'upon the way', 'beit shemesh' means 'Beth Shemesh', 'bi-m'sila achat' means 'in one track', 'halchu' means 'they walked', 'haloch' means 'they passed', 've-gao' means 'and they passed (by)', 'velo-saru' means 'and they did not turn', 'yamin' means 'right', 'u-smol' means 'and left', 've-sarnei plishtim' means 'and the Philistine raiders', 'holchim' means 'went', 'achareihem' means 'after them', 'ad-gevul' means 'to the border', 'beit shemesh' again means 'Beth Shemesh'.
[1SA.6.13] And the house of the sun harvested the wheat harvest in the valley, and they lifted their eyes, and they saw the ark, and they were glad to see. [§]
u'veit shemesh kotzrim ktzir-chitim ba'amok vayyisa'u et-eneihhem vayyir'u et-ha'aron vayyism'chu lir'ot.
'u'veit' means 'and the house', 'shemesh' means 'sun', 'kotzrim' means 'they harvest', 'ktzir-chitim' means 'harvest of wheat', 'ba'amok' means 'in the valley', 'vayyisa'u' means 'and they lifted', 'et-eneihhem' means 'their eyes', 'vayyir'u' means 'and they saw', 'et-ha'aron' means 'the ark', 'vayyism'chu' means 'and they were glad', 'lir'ot' means 'to see'.
[1SA.6.14] And the rolling stones came to the field of Joshua the house of the sun; they stood there, and there was a great stone. They tore the sticks of the rolling stones, and the bullocks they offered a burnt offering to Yahveh. [§]
veha'agala ba'ah el-sde Yehoshua beit-hashimshi vata'amod sham vasham even gedolah vayevakku et-atzei ha'agala ve'et-happarot he'alu olah laYahveh.
'veha'agala' means 'and the rolling stones', 'ba'ah' means 'came', 'el-sde' means 'to the field', 'Yehoshua' is the proper name Joshua, 'beit-hashimshi' means 'the house of the sun', 'vata'amod' means 'and stood', 'sham' means 'there', 'vasham' means 'and there', 'even' means 'stone', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'vayevakku' means 'they tore', 'et-atzei' means 'the sticks of', 'ha'agala' repeats 'the rolling stones', 've'et-happarot' means 'and the bullocks', 'he'alu' means 'they offered', 'olah' means 'a burnt offering', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh).
[1SA.6.15] And the Levites brought down the ark of Yahveh and the chest that was with it, which contained gold vessels, and they placed it on the great stone; and the men of the house of Sun offered burnt offerings and sacrificed sacrifices on that day to Yahveh. [§]
vehalviim horidu et-aron Yahveh ve-et-hargaz asher-itto asher-bo klei zahav vayassimu el-habeven hagdolah ve-an'shei beit-shemesh he'elu olot vayizbachu zevachim bayom hahu laYahveh.
'vehalviim' means 'and the Levites', 'horidu' means 'brought down', 'et' is a grammatical marker for the direct object (no translation), 'aron' means 'ark', 'Yahveh' is the personal name of God, 've-et' means 'and the', 'hargaz' means 'chest' or 'box', 'asher-itto' means 'that was with it', 'asher-bo' means 'which was in it', 'klei' means 'vessels', 'zahav' means 'gold', 'vayassimu' means 'and they placed', 'el' means 'on' or 'upon', 'habeven' means 'the stone', 'hagdolah' means 'the great', 've-an'shei' means 'and the men of', 'beit' means 'house', 'shemesh' means 'Sun' (a place name), 'he'elu' means 'they offered', 'olot' means 'burnt offerings', 'vayizbachu' means 'and they sacrificed', 'zevachim' means 'sacrifices', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh'.
[1SA.6.16] And five Sarné of the Philistines saw, and they turned back to Ekron on that day. [§]
vachamisha sarné pelishtim ra'u vayashubu ekron bayyom hahu
'vachamisha' means 'and five', 'sarné' is a proper name meaning 'Sarné' (a group or individual) and 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', together 'Sarné of the Philistines'; 'ra'u' means 'they saw'; 'vayashubu' means 'and they turned (back)'; 'ekron' is the name of a Philistine city; 'bayyom' means 'on the day'; 'hahu' means 'that (specific) day'.
[1SA.6.17] And these who grind the gold which the Philistines returned as guilt to Yahveh, one to Ashdod, one to Azza, one to Ashkelon, one to Gat, one to Ekron. [§]
ve'eleh t'khorei hazahav asher heshibu pelishtim asham l'Yahveh l'Eshdod echad l'Azza echad l'Ashkelon echad l'Gat echad l'Ekron echad
've'eleh' means 'and these', 't'khorei' means 'those who grind', 'hazahav' means 'the gold', 'asher' means 'which', 'heshibu' means 'they returned', 'pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'asham' means 'guilt', 'l'Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'l'Eshdod' means 'to Ashdod', 'echad' means 'one', 'l'Azza' means 'to Azza', 'l'Ashkelon' means 'to Ashkelon', 'l'Gat' means 'to Gat', 'l'Ekron' means 'to Ekron'.
[1SA.6.18] null [§]
Ve'achbrei ha-zahav mispar kol-arei Pelistim lachameshet ha-seranim me'ir Mivtzar ve'ad kopher ha-Prazi ve'ad Abel ha-gedolah asher hinichu aleha et Aron Yahveh ad ha-yom hazeh bisdeh Yehoshua beit-hashimshi.
'Ve'achbrei' means 'and the gold bracelets', 'ha-zahav' means 'the gold', 'mispar' means 'the number', 'kol-arei' means 'of all the cities', 'Pelistim' means 'the Philistines', 'lachameshet' means 'to the five', 'ha-seranim' is a unit name left untranslated, 'me'ir' means 'from the city', 'Mivtzar' is a city name, 've'ad' means 'and up to', 'kopher' means 'copper' or a place name, 'ha-Prazi' is a place name, 'Ve'ad' again means 'and up to', 'Abel ha-gedolah' means 'the great Abel' (a location), 'asher' means 'which', 'hinichu' means 'they placed', 'aleha' means 'upon it', 'et Aron Yahveh' means 'the ark of Yahveh' (YHWH translated as Yahveh), 'ad ha-yom hazeh' means 'until this day', 'bisdeh Yehoshua' means 'in the field of Joshua', 'beit-hashimshi' means 'the house of the Shimshee' (a place name).
[1SA.6.19] And he struck the men of the house of Sun because they saw in the ark of Yahveh, and he struck the people seventy men, fifty thousand men, and they mourned the people because Yahveh struck the people with a great blow. [§]
va-yach be-anshei veit-shemesh ki ra'u ba-aron Yahveh va-yach ba-am shiv'im ish chamisim elef ish va-yit'ebel u ha'am ki hikah Yahveh ba'am makkah gedolah.
'va-yach' means 'and he struck', 'be-anshei' means 'the men of', 'veit-shemesh' means 'the house of Sun', 'ki' means 'because', 'ra'u' means 'they saw', 'ba-aron' means 'in the ark', 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHVH, 'va-yach' again means 'and he struck', 'ba-am' means 'the people', 'shiv'im' means 'seventy', 'ish' means 'men', 'chamisim' means 'fifty', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'ish' again 'men', 'va-yit'ebel' means 'and they mourned', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ki' means 'because', 'hikah' means 'he struck', 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'ba'am' means 'the people', 'makkah' means 'a blow', 'gedolah' means 'great'.
[1SA.6.20] And the men of the house of the sun said, Who can stand before Yahveh the Gods the Holy this, and to whom will we ascend from us. [§]
Vayomru anshei beit-shemesh mi yukhal laamod lifnei Yahveh haElohim haKadosh hazeh ve'el mi yaaleh mealenu.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'beit-shemesh' means 'house of the sun', 'mi' means 'who', 'yukhal' means 'can', 'laamod' means 'to stand', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'haKadosh' means 'the Holy', 'hazeh' means 'this', 've'el' means 'and to', 'mi' means 'whom', 'yaaleh' means 'will ascend', 'mealenu' means 'from us' or 'above us'.
[1SA.6.21] And they sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kiriath Jearim, saying, Return the Philistines the ark of Yahveh, go bring up it to you. [§]
Vayishlechu malachim el-yoshvei Kiryat-ye'arim le'emor heshivu plishtim et-aron Yahveh rdu ha'alu oto aleichem.
'Vayishlechu' means 'and they sent', 'malachim' means 'messengers', 'el-yoshvei' means 'to the inhabitants of', 'Kiryat-ye'arim' means 'Kiriath Jearim', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'heshivu' means 'return', 'plishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'et-aron' means 'the ark of', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'rdu' means 'go', 'ha'alu' means 'bring up', 'oto' means 'it', 'aleichem' means 'to you'.
1SA.7
[1SA.7.1] And the men of the city of forests came and lifted up the Ark of Yahveh and they brought it to the house of Abinadab in the hill and also Eleazar his son sanctified himself to keep the Ark of Yahveh. [§]
Vayyavu anshei Qiryat Ye'arim vayya'alu et-aron Yahveh vayyaviu oto el-bet Avinadav bagivah ve-et El'azar beno kiddshu lishmor et-aron Yahveh.
'Vayyavu' means 'and they came', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'Qiryat' means 'city of', 'Ye'arim' means 'forests', 'vayya'alu' means 'and they lifted up', 'et-aron' means 'the Ark', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH meaning the divine name, 'vayyaviu' means 'and they brought', 'oto' means 'it', 'el-bet' means 'to the house of', 'Avinadav' is a proper name, 'bagivah' means 'in the hill', 've-et' means 'and also', 'El'azar' is a proper name meaning 'Eleazar', 'beno' means 'his son', 'kiddshu' means 'sanctified himself', 'lishmor' means 'to keep', 'et-aron' again 'the Ark', 'Yahveh' again the divine name.
[1SA.7.2] And it was from the day the ark was set in Kirjath Jearim, and the days increased, and it became twenty years, and all the house of Israel strained after Yahveh. [§]
Va-yehi mi-yom shevet ha-aron be-Kiryat Ye'arim va-yirbu ha-yamim va-yiheyu esrim shana va-yinahu kol-beit Yisrael akharei Yahveh.
'Va-yehi' means 'And it was/and it came to pass', 'mi-yom' means 'from the day', 'shevet' means 'the sitting/setting', 'ha-aron' means 'the ark', 'be-Kiryat' means 'in the city of', 'Ye'arim' means 'Jearim/forests', 'va-yirbu' means 'and the days increased', 'ha-yamim' means 'the days', 'va-yiheyu' means 'and it became', 'esrim' means 'twenty', 'shana' means 'years', 'va-yinahu' means 'and all', 'kol-beit' means 'the house of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'akharei' means 'after/afterward', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.7.3] And said Samuel to all the house of Israel, saying: If with all your heart you are returning to Yahveh, remove the Gods of the foreign from among you and the foreign idols and prepare your heart to Yahveh and serve him alone, and He will save you from the hand of the Philistines. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel el‑kol‑beit Yisrael leʾemor im bechol‑levavchem atem shavim el‑Yahveh ha‑siru et‑Elohei ha‑nechar mitochchem veha‑asrot veha‑kinu levavchem el‑Yahveh ve‑ivduhu levado veyatzel etkhem miyad Pelishtim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'el‑kol‑beit' means 'to all the house of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'leʾemor' means 'saying', 'im' means 'if', 'bechol‑levavchem' means 'with all your heart', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'shavim' means 'are returning', 'el‑Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'ha‑siru' means 'remove', 'et‑Elohei' means 'the Gods', 'ha‑nechar' means 'of the foreign', 'mitochchem' means 'from among you', 'veha‑asrot' means 'and the foreign idols', 'veha‑kinu' means 'and prepare', 'levavchem' means 'your heart', 'el‑Yahveh' again 'to Yahveh', 've‑ivduhu' means 'and serve him', 'levado' means 'alone', 'veyatzel' means 'and will save', 'etkhem' means 'you', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines'.
[1SA.7.4] And the children of Israel removed the Baalim and the Ashtaroth and served Yahveh alone. [§]
Vaysiru b'nei Yisrael et-ha-b'alim ve'et-ha-ashtarot vayaa'avdu et-Yahveh levadho.
'Vaysiru' means 'and they removed', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-b'alim' means 'the Baalim' (the lords), 've'et' means 'and the', 'ha-ashtarot' means 'the Ashtaroth' (the goddess Astarte), 'vayaa'avdu' means 'and they served', 'et' again the direct‑object marker, 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHVH, and 'levadho' means 'alone' or 'only'.
[1SA.7.5] And Samuel said, Gather all Israel to the Mitzpah, and I will pray on your behalf to Yahveh. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel kivtsu et-kol Yisrael ha-mitzpah ve-etpallel ba'adkhem el Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'kivtsu' means 'gather (imperative plural)', 'et-kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ha-mitzpah' means 'the Mitzpah' (a place name meaning 'watchtower' or 'lookout'), 've-etpallel' means 'and I will pray', 'ba'adkhem' means 'on your behalf', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.7.6] They gathered at the watchtower, drew water and poured it before Yahveh; they fasted that day and said there, 'We have sinned against Yahveh.' Samuel judged the children of Israel at the watchtower. [§]
Vayikavtzu hamitzpah vayisha'vu mayim vayishpechu lifnei Yahveh vayatzumu bayom hahohu vayomru sham chatanu laYahveh vayishpot Shmuel et-benei Yisrael bamitzpah.
'Vayikavtzu' means 'they gathered', 'hamitzpah' means 'the watchtower', 'vayisha'vu' means 'and they drew', 'mayim' means 'water', 'vayishpechu' means 'and they poured', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayatzumu' means 'and they fasted', 'bayom' means 'the day', 'hahohu' means 'that', 'vayomru' means 'they said', 'sham' means 'there', 'chatanu' means 'we have sinned', 'laYahveh' means 'against Yahveh', 'vayishpot' means 'Samuel judged', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'et-benei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'bamitzpah' means 'at the watchtower'.
[1SA.7.7] And the Philistines heard that the sons of Israel were gathering for battle, and the Philistine commanders went up against Israel; and the sons of Israel heard and were afraid before the Philistines. [§]
Vayishmeu pelishtim ki hitkabbetsu b'nei-Yisrael hamitzpah vayya'alu sarnai-pelishtim el-Yisrael vayishmeu b'nei-Yisrael vayir'u mipenei pelishtim.
'Vayishmeu' means 'and they heard', 'pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'hitkabbetsu' means 'they assembled' or 'gathered', 'b'nei-Yisrael' means 'the sons of Israel' (the people of Israel), 'hamitzpah' means 'the army' or 'the host', 'vayya'alu' means 'and they went up', 'sarnai-pelishtim' means 'the Philistine commanders' (literally 'heads' or 'princes'), 'el-Yisrael' means 'against Israel', 'vayishmeu' again means 'and they heard', 'vayir'u' means 'and they saw' or 'they were afraid', 'mipenei' means 'before' or 'in front of', and 'pelishtim' again means 'the Philistines'.
[1SA.7.8] And the children of Israel said to Samuel, Do not be silent from us, a cry to Yahveh our the Gods and He will save us from the hand of the Philistines. [§]
Vayomeru b'nei Yisrael el Shmuel: Al tachresh mimenu miz'ok el Yahveh Eloheinu veyosh'enu miyad Pelishtim.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'b'nei' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'el' means 'to', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'Al' means 'do not', 'tachresh' means 'be silent', 'mimenu' means 'from us', 'miz'ok' means 'a cry', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Eloheinu' means 'our the Gods' (Elohim translated as the Gods), 'veyosh'enu' means 'and will save us', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines'.
[1SA.7.9] And Samuel took a handful of milk, one, and he offered it as a burnt offering all night to Yahveh; and Samuel cried out to Yahveh on behalf of Israel, and Yahveh answered him. [§]
Vayikach Shmuel taleh chalav echad vayaa'lehu olah kalil layahveh vayiz'aq Shmuel el-Yahveh be'ad Yisrael vayaan'ehu Yahveh.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Shmuel' is the proper name Samuel, 'taleh' means 'a handful', 'chalav' means 'milk', 'echad' means 'one', 'vayaa'lehu' means 'and he offered it', 'olah' means 'a burnt offering', 'kalil' means 'all night', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'vayiz'aq' means 'and he cried out', 'el-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'be'ad' means 'on behalf of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayaan'ehu' means 'and He answered him', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.7.10] And it happened that Samuel was offering up the burnt offering, and the Philistines drew near for battle against Israel; and Yahveh thundered with a great voice that day against the Philistines, and they were struck with terror, and they fled before Israel. [§]
Vayehi Shmuel ma'aleh ha'olah uPlishtim niggershu lamilchamah beYisrael vayarre'em Yahveh bekol-gadol bayom hahu al-Plishtim vayehummeim vayinnagfu lifnei Yisrael.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'ma'aleh ha'olah' means 'bringing up the burnt offering', 'uPlishtim' means 'and the Philistines', 'niggershu' means 'draw near', 'lamilchamah' means 'for battle', 'beYisrael' means 'against Israel', 'vayarre'em' means 'and (He) thundered', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bekol-gadol' means 'with a great voice', 'bayom hahu' means 'that day', 'al-Plishtim' means 'against the Philistines', 'vayehummeim' means 'they were made mute/terrified', 'vayinnagfu' means 'they fled', 'lifnei Yisrael' means 'before Israel'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as 'Yahveh' following the literal translation rule.
[1SA.7.11] And the men of Israel went out from the camp and pursued the Philistines and struck them down to the area under the house of Kir. [§]
Vayetzu anashei Yisrael min-hamitzpah vayirdfu et-Pelishtim vayakkum ad-mitachat le-beit kar.
'Vayetzu' means 'and went out', 'anashei' means 'the men of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'min' means 'from', 'hamitzpah' means 'the camp', 'vayirdfu' means 'and pursued', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'vayakkum' means 'and struck them', 'ad' means 'to/until', 'mitachat' means 'under', 'le-beit' means 'to the house of', 'kar' means 'Kir' (a place name).
[1SA.7.12] And Samuel took a stone, one, and set it between Mizpah and Shen, and called its name Stone of Help, and said, 'Until now Yahveh has helped us.' [§]
Vayikach Shmuel even achat vayasem bein-hamitzpah u'vein ha-shen vayikra et-shemah even ha-azer vayomer ad-henna azaranu Yahveh.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Shmuel' is the proper name Samuel, 'even' means 'stone', 'achat' means 'one', 'vayasem' means 'and he set', 'bein' means 'between', 'ha-mitzpah' means 'the watchtower (Mitzpah)', 'u'vein' means 'and between', 'ha-shen' means 'the oak (Shen)', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'et-shemah' means 'its name', 'even' again means 'stone', 'ha-azer' means 'the help', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ad-henna' means 'until now' or 'till now', 'azaranu' means 'has helped us', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.7.13] The Philistines bowed themselves, and they would not come again into the border of Israel, and the hand of Yahveh was upon the Philistines all the days of Samuel. [§]
Vayikkan'nu ha-Philistim velo-yasfu od lavo bigvul Yisrael vt'hi yad-Yahveh ba-Philistim kol yemei Shmu'el.
'Vayikkan'nu' means 'and they bowed themselves', 'ha-Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'velo-yasfu' means 'and they would not again', 'od' means 'again', 'lavo' means 'to come', 'bigvul' means 'into the border', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vt'hi' means 'and it was', 'yad-Yahveh' means 'hand of Yahveh', 'ba-Philistim' means 'against the Philistines', 'kol' means 'all', 'yemei' means 'the days of', 'Shmu'el' means 'Samuel'.
[1SA.7.14] And the cities that the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel from Ekron to Gat and also Gebulan; Israel was saved from the hand of the Philistines, and there was peace between Israel and the Amorite. [§]
Vatasovna ha'arim asher lakhu pleishtim me'et Yisrael leYisrael meekron ve'ad Gat ve'et Gebulan hitzil Yisrael miyad pleishtim vayhi shalom beyn Yisrael uveyn haamori.
'Vatasovna' means 'and [they] returned', 'ha'arim' means 'the cities', 'asher' means 'that', 'lakhu' means 'they took', 'pleishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'me'et' means 'from', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'leYisrael' means 'to Israel', 'meekron' means 'from Ekron', 've'ad' means 'and up to', 'Gat' is a place name, 've'et' means 'and also', 'Gebulan' is a place name, 'hitzil' means 'saved', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'pleishtim' again 'the Philistines', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'beyn' means 'between', 'Yisrael' again 'Israel', 'uveyn' means 'and between', 'haamori' means 'the Amorite'.
[1SA.7.15] And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. [§]
Vayishpot Shmuel et Yisrael kol yeme chayav.
'Vayishpot' means 'and he judged', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'kol' means 'all', 'yeme' means 'days of', 'chayav' means 'his life'.
[1SA.7.16] And he went from year to year, and he went around the House of God, the tower, and the lookout, and he judged Israel in all these places. [§]
vehalakh middei shanah beshanah vesavav beit-el vehagilgal vehamitzpah veshaft et-yisrael et kol-hamekomot ha'eleh.
'vehalakh' means 'and he went/walked', 'middei' means 'from the year of', 'shanah' means 'year', 'beshanah' means 'by year' or 'each year', 'vesavav' means 'and he went around', 'beit-el' combines 'beit' ('house') and 'El' ('God') so it means 'House of God', 'vegalgal' means 'and the tower', 'vehamitzpah' means 'and the lookout/watch', 'veshaft' means 'and he judged', 'et-yisrael' means 'Israel' (the object marker 'et' is shown), 'et' is the accusative marker, 'kol-hamekomot' means 'all the places', and 'ha'eleh' means 'these'.
[1SA.7.17] And his return was exalted because his house was there and there he judged Israel and he built there an altar to Yahveh. [§]
Uteshuvato haramata ki sham beito ve-sham shafat et Yisrael vayiven sham mizbeach laYahveh.
'Uteshuvato' means 'and his return', 'haramata' means 'was exalted/raised up', 'ki' means 'because', 'sham' means 'there', 'beito' means 'his house', 've-sham' means 'and there', 'shafat' means 'he judged', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayiven' means 'and he built', 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the transliteration of YHWH).
1SA.8
[1SA.8.1] And it came to pass, when Samuel was old, he appointed his sons as judges over Israel. [§]
Vayehi ka'asher zaken Shmuel vayashem et-banav shoftim leYisrael.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'zaken' means 'old', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'vayashem' means 'and he set/appointed', 'et-banav' means 'his sons', 'shoftim' means 'judges', 'leYisrael' means 'over Israel'.
[1SA.8.2] And the name of his firstborn son was Yoel, and the name of his second was Abijah, judges at Be'er Shavah. [§]
Vayehi shem-bno habekhor Yoel ve-shem mishnehhu Aviyah shoftim bi-be'er Shavah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'shem' means 'name', 'bno' means 'of his son', 'habekhor' means 'the firstborn', 'Yoel' is the personal name Joel, 've' means 'and', 'shem' again 'name', 'mishnehhu' means 'his second', 'Aviyah' is the personal name Abijah, 'shoftim' means 'judges', 'bi' means 'in' or 'at', 'be'er' means 'well' and is also part of a place name, 'Shavah' is the place name Shavah. The verse therefore lists the names of two sons and their role as judges at the location Be'er Shavah.
[1SA.8.3] And his sons did not walk in his ways, and they turned after the ruin, and they took deception and perverted judgment. [§]
ve lo halchu banav bidrachav vayittu acharai habatzah vayikchu shochad vayattu mishpat.
"ve" means "and", "lo" means "not", "halchu" means "they walked", "banav" means "his sons", "bidrachav" means "in his ways", "vayittu" means "and they turned", "acharai" means "after", "habatzah" means "the ruin", "vayikchu" means "and they took", "shochad" means "deception", "vayattu" means "and they perverted", "mishpat" means "judgment".
[1SA.8.4] And all the elders of Israel gathered, and they came to Samuel at Ramah. [§]
Vayitkabetsu kol ziknei Yisrael vayavo el Shmuel haRamah.
'Vayitkabetsu' means 'and they gathered', 'kol' means 'all', 'ziknei' means 'elders of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayavo' means 'and they came', 'el' means 'to', 'Shmuel' is the name 'Samuel', 'haRamah' means 'the Ramah' (the town of Ramah).
[1SA.8.5] They said to God, Behold you are old and your sons have not walked in your ways. Now set for us a king to judge us like all the nations. [§]
Vayomru elav hineh attah zakanta uvanekha lo halchu bidrakecha atah simah-lanu melech leshaptenu kechol-hagoyim.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'elav' means 'to God' (El = God), 'hineh' means 'behold', 'attah' means 'you', 'zakanta' means 'are old', 'uvanekha' means 'your sons', 'lo' means 'not', 'halchu' means 'walked', 'bidrakecha' means 'in your ways', 'atah' means 'now', 'simah-lanu' means 'set for us', 'melech' means 'a king', 'leshaptenu' means 'to judge us', 'kechol-hagoyim' means 'like all the nations'.
[1SA.8.6] And the matter was bad in the eyes of Samuel as they said, Give us a king to judge us, and Samuel prayed to Yahveh. [§]
Vayera ha-davar be'einei Shmuel ka'asher amru tena-lanu melekh leshaphteinu vayitpallel Shmuel el Yahveh.
'Vayera' means 'and it turned bad', 'ha-davar' means 'the matter', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'amru' means 'they said', 'tena-lanu' means 'give us', 'melekh' means 'a king', 'leshapt' means 'to judge', 'einu' means 'us', 'vayitpallel' means 'and he prayed', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH.
[1SA.8.7] And Yahveh said to Samuel, Listen to the voice of the people concerning everything they will say to you, for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me from ruling over them. [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Shmuel, shema beqol ha'am lekhol asher yomru eilekha, ki lo otkha ma'asu, ki oti ma'asu mimloch aleihem.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'shema' means 'listen', 'beqol' means 'in the voice', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'lekhol' means 'concerning everything', 'asher' means 'that', 'yomru' means 'they will say', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'otkha' means 'you', 'ma'asu' means 'they have rejected', 'oti' means 'me', 'mimloch' means 'from ruling', 'aleihem' means 'over them'.
[1SA.8.8] As the deeds that they did from the day I brought them out of Egypt until this day, they have abandoned me and they served the other Gods; thus they also do for you. [§]
kechal ha-ma'asim asher asu mi-yom ha-aloti otam mi-mitzrayim ve-ad ha-yom haze va-ya'azvu'ni va-ya'avdu elohim acherim ken hemmah osim gam-lakh.
'kechal' means 'as' or 'like', 'ha-ma'asim' means 'the deeds', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asu' means 'they did', 'mi-yom' means 'from the day', 'ha-aloti' means 'I brought up', 'otam' means 'them', 'mi-mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 've-ad' means 'and until', 'ha-yom' means 'the day', 'haze' means 'this', 'va-ya'azvu'ni' means 'and they abandoned me', 'va-ya'avdu' means 'and they served', 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'acherim' means 'other', 'ken' means 'thus', 'hemmah' means 'they', 'osim' means 'do', 'gam' means 'also', 'lakh' means 'for you'.
[1SA.8.9] Now hear their voice, for the witness will testify against them, and you shall tell them the judgment of the king who will reign over them. [§]
ve'atah shema bekolam ach ki ha'ed ta'id bahem ve'higadta lahem mishpat ha-melekh asher yimloch aleihem.
've'atah' means 'now' or 'and now', 'shema' means 'hear', 'bekolam' means 'their voice' (literally 'in their voice'), 'ach' means 'only' or 'but', 'ki' means 'because', 'ha'ed' means 'the witness', 'ta'id' means 'will testify', 'bahem' means 'against them', 've'higadta' means 'and you shall tell', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'decision', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'asher' means 'who', 'yimloch' means 'shall reign', 'aleihem' means 'over them'.
[1SA.8.10] And Samuel said all the words of Yahveh to the people who were asking him for a king. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel et kol-dibre Yahveh el haam ha-shoalim mei-itto melek.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'et' is an object marker (often not translated), 'kol' means 'all', 'dibre' means 'words', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'ha-shoalim' means 'the askers' or 'those who were asking', 'mei-itto' means 'from him', 'melek' means 'king'.
[1SA.8.11] And he said, 'This shall be the decree of the king who will reign over you: he will take your sons and put them in his chariot and among his horsemen, and they shall run before his chariot.' [§]
Vayomer zeh yihyeh mishpat ha-melech asher yimlokh aleichem et-b'neihem yikkach ve-sham lo b'merkavto uve-farashav ve-ratzu lifnei merkavto.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'zeh' means 'this', 'yihyeh' means 'shall be', 'mishpat' means 'judgment' or 'decree', 'ha-melech' means 'the king', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'yimlokh' means 'will reign', 'aleichem' means 'over you (plural)', 'et-b'neihem' means 'your sons', 'yikkach' means 'he will take', 've-sham' means 'and put', 'lo' means 'to him', 'b''merkavto' means 'in his chariot', 'uve-farashav' means 'and among his horsemen', 've-ratzu' means 'and they shall run', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'merkavto' means 'his chariot'.
[1SA.8.12] and to set for him chiefs of thousands and chiefs of fifties, and a smith for his metalwork, and to reap his harvest, and to make the weapons of his war and the vehicles of his riding. [§]
ve-lasuem lo sarei alafim ve-sarei chamisim ve-lacharos charisho ve-liqtzo ketsiro ve-laasot klei milchamto uklei rikbo.
've' means 'and', 'lasu'em' means 'to set' or 'to appoint', 'lo' means 'for him', 'sarei' means 'chiefs of', 'alafim' means 'thousands', the second 'sarei' again means 'chiefs of', 'chamisim' means 'fifties', 'la' means 'to' (as a preposition), 'charosh' means 'smith' or 'craftsman', 'charisho' means 'his smith' (the smith for his work), 'liqtzo' means 'to harvest' or 'to reap', 'ketsiro' means 'his harvest', 'laasot' means 'to make' or 'to produce', 'klei' means 'the weapons' or 'the tools', 'milchamto' means 'of his war', 'u' means 'and', 'klei' again means 'the vehicles' or 'the conveyances', 'rikbo' means 'of his riding' (his horses or chariots).
[1SA.8.13] And he will take your daughters to become enchantresses, and to become butchers, and to become bakers. [§]
ve'et-bnothechem yikach le-rakkachot u-le-tabachot u-le-ofot.
've'et' means 'and (the)', 'bnothechem' means 'your daughters', 'yikach' means 'he will take', 'le-rakkachot' means 'to become enchantresses or practitioners of sorcery', 'u-le-tabachot' means 'and to become butchers', 'u-le-ofot' means 'and to become bakers'.
[1SA.8.14] And your fields and your vineyards and your good olives Yahveh will take and Yahveh will give them to his servants. [§]
ve'et-s'doteichem ve'et-karmeichem ve'zeitichem ha-tovim yi-kach ve'natan la'avadav.
've'et' means 'and' (the conjunctive particle linking a direct object). 'sh'doteichem' means 'your fields'. 'karmeichem' means 'your vineyards'. 'zeitichem' means 'your olives'. 'ha-tovim' means 'the good (ones)'. 'yi-kach' is a verb meaning 'he will take'. 've'natan' means 'and he will give'. 'la'avadav' means 'to his servants'. The verbs in third person singular refer to God; following the translation guideline, the divine name YHVH is rendered as 'Yahveh', so the implied subject 'he' is expressed as 'Yahveh'.
[1SA.8.15] And your offspring and your vineyards shall increase, and he will give to his officials and to his servants. [§]
veza'reichem ve'karmichem ya'azor v'natan l'sarisav ve'la'avadav.
've' means 'and', 'za'rei' means 'seed' or 'offspring', 'chem' is the second‑person plural possessive suffix 'your', 've' again 'and', 'karm' means 'vineyard', 'chem' again 'your', 'ya'azor' is the verb 'shall increase' (third‑person masculine singular future), 'v'' means 'and', 'natan' is 'he will give', 'l'' is the preposition 'to', 'sarisav' means 'his officials' (saris = official, av = his), 've' again 'and', 'la''avadav' means 'to his servants' (avod = servant, av = his).
[1SA.8.16] And your male slaves and your female slaves and your strong young men and your donkeys he will take and will make them your labor. [§]
ve'et avdeikhem ve'et shifchoteikhem ve'et bachureikhem hatovim ve'et chamoreihem yikach ve'asa limlachto.
've'et' means 'and (the direct object marker)', 'avdeikhem' means 'your male slaves', 'shifchoteikhem' means 'your female slaves', 'bachureikhem' means 'your young men', 'hatovim' means 'the good/strong', 'chamoreihem' means 'your donkeys', 'yikach' means 'will take', 've'asa' means 'and will make', 'limlachto' means 'for his labor' or 'as labor'.
[1SA.8.17] Your flocks will increase, and you shall be his servants. [§]
tzoanchem yaaser veatem tiheyu lo laavadim.
'tzoanchem' means 'your flocks', 'yaaser' means 'will increase', 'veatem' means 'and you', 'tiheyu lo' means 'shall be to him', 'laavadim' means 'as servants'.
[1SA.8.18] And you cried out on that day before your king, whom you chose for yourselves, and Yahveh will not answer you on that day. [§]
Uzeakthem bayom hahu milifnei malkechem asher becharthem lakhem velo yaaneh Yahveh etkhem bayom hahu.
'Uzeakthem' means 'and you cried out', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'milifnei' means 'before', 'malkechem' means 'your king', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'becharthem' means 'you chose', 'lakhem' means 'for yourselves', 'velo' means 'and not/will not', 'yaaneh' means 'will answer', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'etkhem' means 'you' (object), the second 'bayom hahu' repeats 'on that day'.
[1SA.8.19] But the people refused to listen to the voice of Samuel, and they said, "No, only if a king will be over us." [§]
Vaymaanu haam lishmoa bekol Shmuel vayomru lo ki im melek yihye aleinu.
"Vaymaanu" means "they refused", "haam" means "the people", "lishmoa" means "to hear", "bekol" means "the voice of", "Shmuel" is the name Samuel, "vayomru" means "and they said", "lo" means "no", "ki" means "that/if", "im" means "only if", "melek" means "king", "yihye" means "will be", "aleinu" means "over us".
[1SA.8.20] And we also will be like all the nations, and our king will judge, and he will go before us and fight our battles. [§]
Ve hayinu gam anachnu kechol ha-goyim u-shfatu malkenu ve yatza lefanenu ve nilcham et milchamoteinu.
'Ve' means 'and', 'hayinu' means 'we will be', 'gam' means 'also', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'kechol' means 'as all', 'ha-goyim' means 'the nations', 'u-shfatu' means 'and judge', 'malkenu' means 'our king', 've' means 'and', 'yatza' means 'he will go', 'lefanenu' means 'before us', 've' means 'and', 'nilcham' means 'will fight', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'milchamoteinu' means 'our battles'.
[1SA.8.21] And Samuel heard all the words of the people and he spoke them into the ears of Yahveh. [§]
Vayishma Shemuel et kol-dibre haam vayedabberem be'oznei Yahveh.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Shemuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'dibre' means 'words', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayedabberem' means 'and he spoke them', 'be'oznei' means 'into the ears of', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.8.22] And Yahveh said to Samuel, 'Listen to their voice and make a king for them.' And Samuel said to the men of Israel, 'Go each to his city.' [§]
Vayomer Yahveh el-Shmuel, Shma bekolam ve-himlachta lahem melech, vayomer Shmuel el-anashei Yisrael, lechu ish le'iro.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el' means 'to', 'Shmuel' is the proper name Samuel, 'Shma' means 'listen' or 'hear', 'bekolam' means 'their voice', 've' is a conjunction 'and', 'himlachta' means 'you shall make a king for', 'lahem' means 'them', 'melech' means 'king', 'vayomer' again means 'and said', 'anashei' means 'men of', 'Yisrael' is the proper name Israel, 'lechu' means 'go', 'ish' means 'each', 'le'iro' means 'to his city'.
1SA.9
[1SA.9.1] And there was a man of the children of Yamin, and his name was Kish, son of Father God, son of Tzeror, son of Bechorat, son of Afi'ach, son of a man of Yamin, a mighty man of valor. [§]
Vayehi ish min bin-yamin ushmo Kish ben Aviel ben Tzeror ben Bechorat ben Afi'ach ben ish Yemin gibor chayil.
'Vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'ish' means 'man', 'min' means 'from', 'bin-yamin' means 'the children of Yamin (right hand)', 'ushmo' means 'and his name', 'Kish' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Aviel' is a name composed of 'av' (father) and 'El' (God) thus 'father God', 'Tzeror' is a proper name, 'Bechorat' is a proper name, 'Afi'ach' is a proper name, 'ish Yemin' means 'a man of Yamin', 'gibor' means 'mighty' or 'hero', 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'valor'.
[1SA.9.2] And to him was a son, and his name was Saul, a handsome and good youth; and there was no man among the children of Israel better than him, from his shoulders upward taller than all the people. [§]
ve lo hayah ben ushmo Shaul bachur v tov ve ein ish mibnei Yisrael tov mimenu mishichmo vamala gaboha mikol haam.
've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'to him', 'hayah' means 'was', 'ben' means 'son', 'ushmo' means 'and his name', 'Shaul' is a personal name, 'bachur' means 'choice' or 'handsome youth', 'v' means 'and', 'tov' means 'good', 've' means 'and', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'ish' means 'man', 'mibnei' means 'among the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'tov' means 'better', 'mimenu' means 'than him', 'mishichmo' means 'from his shoulders', 'vamala' means 'upward', 'gaboha' means 'taller', 'mikol' means 'than all', 'haam' means 'the people'.
[1SA.9.3] And the donkeys were lost to Kish, father of Saul, and Kish said to Saul his son, Take now with you one of the youths, and arise, go search for the donkeys. [§]
vatoavadna haatonot lekish avi Shaul vayomer Kish el Shaul beno kachna itcha et achad mehanearim vekum lek baqesh et haatonot.
'vatoavadna' means 'were lost', 'haatonot' means 'the donkeys', 'lekish' means 'to Kish', 'avi' means 'father', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Kish' is the personal name Kish, 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' again the name Saul, 'beno' means 'his son', 'kachna' means 'take now', 'itcha' means 'with you', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'achad' means 'one', 'mehanearim' means 'of the youths', 'vekum' means 'and arise', 'lek' means 'go', 'baqesh' means 'search', 'et haatonot' means 'the donkeys'.
[1SA.9.4] And he passed through the mountain of Ephraim, and he passed through the land of Shalisha and did not find them; and they passed through the land of Shaalim and there was none; and he passed through the land of Yemin and did not find them. [§]
Vayya'avor behar Efrayim vayya'avor be'eretz Shalisha velo matzau vayya'avru be'eretz Sha'alim va'ayin vayya'avor be'eretz Yemin velo matzau.
'Vayya'avor' means 'and he passed', 'behar' means 'in the mountain', 'Efrayim' is the place name 'Ephraim', 'vayya'avor' again means 'and he passed', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'Shalisha' is a proper name of a region, 'velo' means 'and not', 'matzau' means 'they found', 'vayya'avru' means 'and they passed', 'Sha'alim' is another region name, 'va'ayin' means 'and there was none', 'Yemin' is a region name meaning 'right' or 'south', and the final 'velo matzau' repeats 'and did not find'.
[1SA.9.5] They came into the land of the flock, and Saul said to his servant who was with him, 'Go, and let us return lest my father cease from the donkeys and we be troubled for us.' [§]
Hemmah ba'u be'eretz tzuf veShaul amar lena'aro asher-immo lecha ve'nashuva pen yechdal avi min-ha'atonot vedag lanu.
'Hemmah' means 'they', 'ba'u' means 'came', 'be'eretz' means 'in the land', 'tzuf' means 'flock' or 'herd', 'veShaul' means 'and Saul', 'amar' means 'said', 'lena'aro' means 'to his servant', 'asher-immo' means 'who was with him', 'lecha' means 'go', 've'nashuva' means 'and let us return', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yechdal' means 'it cease', 'avi' means 'my father', 'min-ha'atonot' means 'from the donkeys', 'vedag' means 'and we be troubled', 'lanu' means 'for us'.
[1SA.9.6] And he said to him, Behold now, a man of the Gods in this city; and the man is honored, all that he will speak, let him come. Now let us go there, perhaps he will tell us the way we have walked upon it. [§]
Vayomer lo hineh na ish elohim ba'ir hazot vehah ish nichbad kol asher yedaber bo yovo atah nelkha sham ulai yagid lanu et darchenu asher halachnu alaha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'na' adds emphasis like 'now', 'ish' means 'man', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ba'ir' means 'in the city', 'hazot' means 'this', 'veha' means 'and the', 'ish' again 'man', 'nichbad' means 'is honored' or 'is great', 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yedaber' means 'he will speak', 'bo' means 'let him', 'yovo' means 'come', 'atah' means 'now', 'nelkha' means 'let us go', 'sham' means 'there', 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'yagid' means 'he will tell', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'darchenu' means 'our way', 'asher' again 'that', 'halachnu' means 'we have walked', 'alaha' means 'upon it'.
[1SA.9.7] Saul said to his servant, 'Behold, we will go; and what prophet is there for the man, because the bread has been taken from our supplies, and there is no provision to bring for the man of the Gods—what do we have with us?' [§]
Vayomer Shaul le-na'aro ve'hineh neilech u mah navi la'ish ki ha'lechem azal mikkelenu u teshu'rah ein le'havi le'ish haElohim mah itanu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'le-na'aro' means 'to his servant', 've'hineh' means 'and behold', 'neilech' means 'we will go', 'u' means 'and', 'mah' means 'what', 'navi' means 'prophet', 'la'ish' means 'to the man', 'ki' means 'because', 'ha'lechem' means 'the bread', 'azal' means 'has been taken', 'mikkelenu' means 'from our supplies', 'u' means 'and', 'teshu'rah' means 'provision' or 'food', 'ein' means 'there is none', 'le'havi' means 'to bring', 'le'ish' means 'to the man', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'mah' means 'what', 'itanu' means 'we have with us'.
[1SA.9.8] And the young man answered Saul and said, Behold, I have found in my hand four shekels of silver, and I will give to a man of the Gods, and he will tell us our way. [§]
Vayosaf han na'ar la'anot et Shau'al vayomer hineh nimtsa b'yadi revah shekel kasef v'natati le'ish haElohim v'higid lanu et-darkenu.
'Vayosaf' means 'and he again', 'han' means 'the', 'na'ar' means 'young man' or 'servant', 'la'anot' means 'to answer', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Shau'al' means 'Saul', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'nimtsa' means 'I have found', 'b'yadi' means 'in my hand', 'revah' means 'four', 'shekel' means 'shekel' (a weight of money), 'kasef' means 'silver', 'v'natati' means 'and I will give', 'le'ish' means 'to a man', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'v'higid' means 'and he will tell', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'et-darkenu' means 'our way' or 'our path'.
[1SA.9.9] In former times in Israel, thus said the man when he went to seek the Gods: 'Come, let us go to the seer, for today the prophet will be called before the seer.' [§]
lefanim beyisrael ko amar haish belechto lidrosh elohim lechu venelcha ad hareh ki lanavi hayom yikarei lefanim hareh.
'lefanim' means 'in former times', 'beyisrael' means 'in Israel', 'ko amar' means 'thus said', 'haish' means 'the man', 'belechto' means 'when he went', 'lidrosh' means 'to seek', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lechu' means 'let us go', 'venelcha' means 'and we will go', 'ad hareh' means 'to the seer', 'ki' means 'because', 'lanavi hayom' means 'the prophet today', 'yikarei' means 'will be called', 'lefanim hareh' means 'before the seer'.
[1SA.9.10] And Saul said to his servant, 'Good, your word; let us go.' And they went to the city where there was a man of the Gods. [§]
Vayomer Shaul lenaaro tov devarkha lekha nelekha vayelechu el-hair asher-sham ish haElohim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'lenaaro' means 'to his servant', 'tov' means 'good' or 'fine', 'devarkha' means 'your word', 'lekha' means 'to you' (imperative), 'nelekha' means 'let us go', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'el-hair' means 'to the city', 'asher-sham' means 'that is there' or 'where', 'ish' means 'man', and 'haElohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim). The phrase 'ish haElohim' therefore becomes 'a man of the Gods'.
[1SA.9.11] They went up to the hill of the city, and they found maidens going out to draw water, and they said to them, Is there a seer here? [§]
Hemmah 'olim bema'aleh ha'ir vehemmah matzu ne'arot yotzot lish'ov mayim vayomeru lahen hayesh baze ha'ro'eh.
'Hemmah' means 'they', ''olim' means 'go up' or 'ascend', 'bema'aleh' means 'on the ascent' or 'upward', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'vehemmah' means 'and they', 'matzu' means 'found', 'ne'arot' means 'young women' or 'maidens', 'yotzot' means 'going out', 'lish'ov' means 'to draw' (water), 'mayim' means 'water', 'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'lahen' means 'to them', 'hayesh' means 'is there', 'baze' means 'in this' or 'here', 'ha'ro'eh' means 'the seer' (one who sees).
[1SA.9.12] And she answered them and said, 'There is, behold, before you hasten now, for today has come to the city, because the day's sacrifice for the people is at the high place.' [§]
vatta'aneinah otam vatomarna yesh hineh lefanekha maher atta ki hayom ba la'ir ki zevach hayom laam babama
'vatta'aneinah' means 'and she answered', 'otam' means 'them', 'vatomarna' means 'and she said', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'maher' means 'hurry', 'atta' means 'now', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'hayom' means 'the day' or 'today', 'ba' means 'has come', 'la'ir' means 'to the city', 'ki' means 'because', 'zevach' means 'sacrifice', 'hayom' means 'the day' or 'today', 'laam' means 'for the people', 'babama' means 'in the high place' or 'at the altar'.
[1SA.9.13] When you come into the city, then you will find it before the high place rises to eat, because the people will not eat until his coming, for he will bless the sacrifice; after that the priests will eat, and now go up, for you will find it today. [§]
kevoachem ha'ir ken timtz'oon oto beterem ya'aleh habamatah le'ekhol ki lo yokhal ha'am ad bo'o ki hu yivarekh hazevach acharei ken yokhlu hakruim ve'atah alu ki oto kehayom timtz'oon oto.
'kevoachem' means 'when you come'; 'ha'ir' means 'the city'; 'ken' means 'then' or 'thus'; 'timtz'oon' means 'you will find'; 'oto' means 'it' (referring to the object); 'beterem' means 'before'; 'ya'aleh' means 'it rises' or 'goes up'; 'habamatah' means 'the high place' (altar); 'le'ekhol' means 'to eat'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'lo yokhal' means 'will not eat'; 'ha'am' means 'the people'; 'ad bo'o' means 'until his coming'; 'ki hu' means 'for he'; 'yivarekh' means 'will bless'; 'hazevach' means 'the sacrifice'; 'acharei ken' means 'after that'; 'yokhlu' means 'they will eat'; 'hakruim' means 'the priests' or 'the called ones'; 've'atah' means 'and now'; 'alu' means 'go up'; 'ki oto' means 'for it'; 'kehayom' means 'as today' or 'today'; 'timtz'oon' means 'you will find'; 'oto' means 'it'.
[1SA.9.14] They went up to their city, they came into the city, and behold Samuel was coming out to meet them as they went up to the high place. [§]
Vayyaalu ha'ir hemmah ba'im betoch ha'ir vehineh Shmuel yotse liqrataam la'alot habamah.
'Vayyaalu' means 'they went up', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'hemmah' means 'their', 'ba'im' means 'they came', 'betoch' means 'into', 'ha'ir' again 'the city', 've' means 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'Shmuel' is the proper name Samuel, 'yotse' means 'was going out' or 'was coming out', 'liqrateam' means 'to meet them', 'la'alot' means 'to go up', 'habamah' means 'the high place' (a term for a sacred elevated place or temple).
[1SA.9.15] Yahveh opened the ear of Samuel one day before the coming of Saul, saying: [§]
VaYahveh galah et-ozen Shmuel yom echad lifnei bo‑Shaul le'emor.
'VaYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'galah' means 'revealed' or 'opened', 'et-ozen' means 'the ear', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'yom' means 'day', 'echad' means 'one', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'bo‑Shaul' means 'the coming of Saul', 'le'emor' means 'to say'.
[1SA.9.16] At the appointed time tomorrow I will send to you a man from the land of Benjamin and I will anoint him as commander over my people Israel, and he will save my people from the hand of the Philistines, because I have seen my people, for his cry has come to me. [§]
ka'et machar esh'lach eilekha ish me'eretz Binyamin umeshachto le-nagid al-ami Yisrael vehoshi'a et-ami mi-yad Pelishtim ki ra'iti et-ami ki ba'ah tza'akato elai.
'ka'et' means 'at the appointed time', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'esh'lach' means 'I will send', 'eilekha' means 'to you', 'ish' means 'a man', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'Binyamin' is the proper name Benjamin, 'umeshachto' means 'and I will anoint him', 'le-nagid' means 'as a commander', 'al-ami' means 'over my people', 'Yisrael' means Israel, 'vehoshia' means 'and he will save', 'et-ami' means 'my people', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'Pelishtim' means the Philistines, 'ki' means 'because', 'ra'iti' means 'I saw', 'ba'ah' means 'has come', 'tza'akato' means 'his cry', 'elai' means 'to me'.
[1SA.9.17] And Samuel saw Saul, and Yahveh answered him, Behold the man whom I said to you, this one will restrain my people. [§]
Ushmu'el raah et Shaul vYahveh anahu hineh haish asher amarti elekha zeh yaatsor beami.
'Ushmu'el' means 'Samuel', 'raah' means 'saw', 'et' is an object marker, 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'vYahveh' means 'and Yahveh' (the personal name of the LORD), 'anahu' means 'answered him', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'haish' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'amarti' means 'I said', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'zeh' means 'this', 'yaatsor' means 'will restrain' or 'will stop', 'beami' means 'in my people'.
[1SA.9.18] And Saul approached Samuel within the gate and said, "Please tell me, which is the house of the seer?" [§]
vayigash shaul et-shemu'el betoch hashahar vayomer hagida-na li ei-ze beit haroe.
'vayigash' means 'and he approached', 'shaul' means 'Saul', 'et-shemu'el' means 'Samuel (object marker)', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of', 'hashahar' means 'the gate', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'hagida-na' means 'please tell', 'li' means 'to me', 'ei-ze' means 'which one', 'beit' means 'house', 'haroe' means 'the seer' or 'the one who sees'.
[1SA.9.19] And Samuel answered Saul and said, 'I am the Seer; come before me to the battle, and you will eat with me today, and I will send you off in the morning, and all that is in your heart I will tell you.' [§]
Vayya'an Shmu'el et Sha'ul vayyo'mer: 'Anochi ha-ro'eh; ale lefanai habamah; va'achaltem immi hayom; veshilachticha baboker; ve'kol asher bil'vavkha aggid lakh.'
'Vayya'an' means 'and answered', 'Shmu'el' means 'Samuel', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Sha'ul' means 'Saul', 'vayyo'mer' means 'and said', 'Anochi' means 'I', 'ha-ro'eh' means 'the Seer' (a title for God used here), 'ale' means 'come up', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'habamah' means 'to the battle', 'va'achaltem' means 'and you will eat', 'immi' means 'with me', 'hayom' means 'today', 'veshilachticha' means 'and I will send you off', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 've'kol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'bil'vavkha' means 'is in your heart', 'aggid' means 'I will tell', 'lakh' means 'to you'.
[1SA.9.20] And the lost goats for you today three days, do not set your heart to them because they have been found, and to whom does all the desire of Israel belong? Is it not to you and to all the house of your father? [§]
ve la'atonot haovdot lecha hayom shloshet hayamim al-tasem et-libkha lahem ki nimtzu u lemi kol-chemda Yisrael halo lecha u lechol beit avikha.
've' means 'and', 'la'atonot' means 'the goats', 'haovdot' means 'the lost', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'hayom' means 'today', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'hayamim' means 'days', 'al-tasem' means 'do not set', 'et-libkha' means 'your heart', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'ki' means 'because', 'nimtzu' means 'they have been found', 'u' means 'and', 'lemi' means 'to whom', 'kol-chemda' means 'all desire', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'halo' means 'is it not', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'u' means 'and', 'lechol' means 'to all', 'beit' means 'house', 'avikha' means 'your father'.
[1SA.9.21] And Saul answered and said, "Am I not a son of my right hand? I am from the smallest tribe of Israel, and my family is the youngest among all the families of the tribe of Benjamin. And why have you spoken to me concerning this matter?" [§]
Vaya'an Shaul vayomer halo ben-yemini anochi mikatanei shivtei Yisrael umishpachti hatzeirah mikol mishpachot shivtei Binyamin velamma dibarta elai kadavar hazeh.
'Vaya'an' means 'and he answered', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'halo' means 'is not', 'ben-yemini' means 'son of my right hand', 'anochi' means 'I am', 'mikatanei' means 'from the smallest', 'shivtei' means 'tribes', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'umishpachti' means 'and my family', 'hatzeirah' means 'the youngest', 'mikol' means 'of all', 'mishpachot' means 'families', 'shivtei' means 'of the tribe of', 'Binyamin' means 'Benjamin', 'velamma' means 'and why', 'dibarta' means 'did you speak', 'elai' means 'to me', 'kadavar' means 'concerning this', 'hazeh' means 'matter'.
[1SA.9.22] And Samuel took Saul and his young servant, and brought them to the tent, and gave them a place at the head of the harvesters, and they were as thirty men. [§]
vayikach Shmuel et-Shaul ve-et-na'aro vayvi'em leshkhatah vayiten lahem makom b'rosh ha'kru'im vehamma kishloshim ish.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered), 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 've-et' means 'and (the) (object)', 'na'aro' means 'his young servant', 'vayvi'em' means 'and he brought them', 'leshkhatah' means 'to the tent', 'vayiten' means 'and he gave', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'makom' means 'a place', 'b'rosh' means 'at the head of', 'ha'kru'im' means 'the harvesters', 'vehamma' means 'and they', 'kishloshim' means 'as thirty', 'ish' means 'men'.
[1SA.9.23] And Samuel said to the butcher, Give the portion that I gave to you, the one I said to you, Place it with you. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel laTabbach tena et haMannah asher natati lakh asher amarati eilekha sim otah immach.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'laTabbach' means 'to the butcher', 'tena' means 'give', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'haMannah' means 'the portion', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'natati' means 'I gave', 'lakh' means 'to you' (feminine), 'asher' again means 'that/which', 'amarati' means 'I said', 'eilekha' means 'to you' (masculine), 'sim' means 'place/put', 'otah' means 'it', 'immach' means 'with you'.
[1SA.9.24] And the butcher raised the market and lifted it up, and placed it before Saul, and said, 'Behold the remaining; set before you to eat, for the appointed time is kept for you, to say I have called the people.' And Saul ate with Samuel on that day. [§]
Va-yarem ha-tabach et ha-shok ve-he'aleha va-yasem lifnei Shaul va-yomer hineh ha-nish'ar sim lefanekha ekhol ki la-moeid shamur lecha le'emor ha-am karati va-yokhal Shaul im Shmuel ba-yom ha-hu.
'Va-yarem' means 'and raised', 'ha-tabach' means 'the butcher', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'ha-shok' means 'the market', 've-he'aleha' means 'and lifted it up', 'va-yasem' means 'and placed', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'va-yomer' means 'and said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ha-nish'ar' means 'the remaining', 'sim' means 'place/put', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'ekhol' means 'to eat', 'ki' means 'because', 'la-moeid' means 'for the appointed time', 'shamur' means 'kept', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'karati' means 'I called', 'va-yokhal' means 'and ate', 'im' means 'with', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that'.
[1SA.9.25] And they went down from the height of the city, and spoke with Saul about the roof. [§]
Vayeredu mehabamah ha'ir vay'daber im Shaul al hagag.
'Vayeredu' means 'and they went down', 'mehabamah' means 'from the height' or 'from the elevated place', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'vay'daber' means 'and he/they spoke', 'im' means 'with', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'al' means 'about' or 'concerning', 'hagag' means 'the roof'.
[1SA.9.26] They rose early, it was at daybreak, and Samuel called to Saul the old, saying, "Rise, and I will send you." So Saul rose, and the two of them went out, he and Samuel, the outer. [§]
Vayashkimu vayahi ka'alot hashachar vayikra Shmuel el Shaul hagag lemor kuma va'ashalchecha vayakam Shaul vayetzu shnehem hu veshmuel hachutzah.
'Vayashkimu' means 'and they rose early', 'vayahi' means 'and it was', 'ka'alot' means 'as the rising', 'hashachar' means 'of daybreak', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'hagag' means 'the old' (literally 'the aged one'), 'lemor' means 'saying', 'kuma' means 'rise', 'va'ashalchecha' means 'and I will send you', 'vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'Shaul' repeats the name Saul, 'vayetzu' means 'and they went out', 'shnehem' means 'both of them', 'hu' means 'he', 'veshmuel' means 'and Samuel', 'hachutzah' means 'the outer' or 'the outside'.
[1SA.9.27] They go down to the edge of the city, and Samuel said to Saul, 'Tell the boy to go ahead of us, and he went ahead. And you stand today, and I will make you hear the word of the Gods.' [§]
Hemmah yordim biqtze ha'ir u'Shemu'el amar el Sha'ul: 'emor lan'na'ar ve'ya'vor lefanenu vayavor. Ve'atah amod kayom ve'ashmia'cha et dvar Elohim.'
'Hemmah' means 'they', 'yordim' means 'go down', 'biqtze' means 'at the edge', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'u'Shemu'el' means 'and Samuel', 'amar' means 'said', 'el' means 'to', 'Sha'ul' is a personal name, 'emor' means 'tell', 'lan'na'ar' means 'to the boy', 've'ya'vor' means 'and he will go', 'lefanenu' means 'before us', 'vayavor' means 'and he went', 've'atah' means 'and you', 'amod' means 'stand', 'kayom' means 'today', 've'ashmia'cha' means 'and I will make you hear', 'et' is a particle indicating the direct object, 'dvar' means 'word', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
1SA.10
[1SA.10.1] And Samuel took the flask of oil, poured it on his head, kissed him, and said, 'Is it not because Yahveh has anointed you for his inheritance as a ruler?' [§]
vayikach Shmuel et-pach ha-shemen vayitzok al-rosho vayishakehu vayoamer halo ki-meshachcha Yahveh al-nachalato le-nagid.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'et-pach' means 'the flask', 'ha-shemen' means 'the oil', 'vayitzok' means 'and he poured', 'al-rosho' means 'on his head', 'vayishakehu' means 'and he kissed him', 'vayoamer' means 'and he said', 'halo' means 'is it not', 'ki' means 'that', 'meshachcha' means 'you have been anointed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'al-nachalato' means 'upon his inheritance', 'le-nagid' means 'to be a ruler'.
[1SA.10.2] When you walked today from before me and you found two men with the burial of Rachel in the region of Benjamin at Tseltsach and they said to you, 'The donkeys have been found that you went to seek, and behold, your father has left the words of the donkeys and a fish for you to say, what shall I do for my son?' [§]
blechtkha hayom meimadi umatza'ta shnei anashim imkevurat Rachel bigvul Binyamin btseltsach veamru elekha nimtseu haatonot asher halakh levakesh vehineh natash avikha etdibrei haatonot vedag lachem leemor mah eeseh livni.
'blechtkha' means 'when you walked', 'hayom' means 'today', 'meimadi' means 'from before me', 'umatza'ta' means 'and you found', 'shnei' means 'two', 'anashim' means 'men', 'imkevurat' means 'with the burial of', 'Rachel' is a proper name, 'bigvul' means 'in the region of', 'Binyamin' is a proper name, 'btseltsach' means 'at Tseltsach', 'veamru' means 'and they said', 'elekha' means 'to you', 'nimtseu' means 'have been found', 'haatonot' means 'the donkeys', 'asher' means 'that', 'halakh' means 'you went', 'levakesh' means 'to seek', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'natash' means 'has left', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'etdibrei' means 'the words of', 'vedag' means 'and a fish', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'mah' means 'what', 'eeseh' means 'shall I do', 'livni' means 'for my son'.
[1SA.10.3] And you shall depart from there and go wandering, and you shall come to the oak of Tabor, and there they will find you three men going up to the the Gods at the house of God: one bears three large jars, another bears three loaves of bread, and a third bears a wine‑harp. [§]
Vehalaptah misham vahala'ah uvatá ad‑elon tavór u‑metsaukha sham shlósá anashím ólim el‑ha‑Elohim béit‑El ekhad noseh shlósá gedáyim ve‑ekhad noseh shlósét kikrót lechem ve‑ekhad noseh nevel‑yayin.
'Ve' means 'and', 'halaptah' means 'you shall depart', 'misham' means 'from there', 'vahala'ah' means 'and go wandering', 'uvatá' means 'and you shall come', 'ad' means 'to', 'elon' means 'oak', 'tavor' is a place name, 'u‑metsaukha' means 'and they will find you', 'sham' means 'there', 'shlosah' means 'three', 'anashim' means 'men', 'olim' means 'going up', 'el‑ha‑Elohim' means 'to the the Gods' (Elohim = the Gods), 'beit‑El' means 'house of God' (El = God), 'ekhad' means 'one', 'noseh' means 'carries' or 'bears', 'shlosah gedayim' means 'three large jars', 've‑ekhad' means 'and another one', 'noseh shloset' means 'carries three', 'kikrot' means 'loaves', 'lechem' means 'bread', 've‑ekhad' means 'and a third one', 'noseh nevel‑yayin' means 'carries a wine‑harp' (nevel = harp, yayin = wine). The names of God are rendered literally: 'El' as 'God', 'Elohim' as 'the Gods', and 'Beth‑El' as 'house of God'.
[1SA.10.4] And they asked you for peace and gave you two loaves of bread, and you took them from their hand. [§]
veshaalu lekha leshalom venatnu lekha shtei lechem velaqtah miyadam.
've' means 'and', 'shaalu' means 'they asked', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'leshalom' means 'for peace', 've' again means 'and', 'natnu' means 'they gave', 'lekha' again means 'to you', 'shtei' means 'two', 'lechem' means 'bread', 've' again means 'and', 'laqtah' means 'you took', 'mi' means 'from', 'yadam' means 'their hand'.
[1SA.10.5] After this you shall go up to the hill of the Gods that is there, the place of the Philistines, and when you enter the city there, you will strike a group of prophets descending from the stage, and before them a harp and a tambourine and a flute and a lyre, and they were prophesying. [§]
Achar ken tavo gibat haElohim asher-sham netsivei plishtim vi'hi kevo'akha sham ha'ir u'fagata chevvel nevi'im yordim mehabama u'lfanehem nevel vtof v'chalil v'kinor vehama mitnabe'im.
'Achar' means 'after', 'ken' means 'this', 'tavo' means 'you shall go up', 'gibat' means 'the hill', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'asher-sham' means 'that is there', 'netsivei' means 'the place of', 'plishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'vi'hi' means 'and it shall be', 'kevo'akha' means 'when you enter', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'u'fagata' means 'and you strike', 'chavvel' means 'a group of', 'nevi''im' means 'prophets', 'yordim' means 'descending', 'mehabama' means 'from the stage', 'u'lfanehem' means 'before them', 'nevel' means 'harp', 'vtof' means 'tambourine', 'v'chalil' means 'flute', 'v'kinor' means 'lyre', 'vehama' means 'and they', 'mitnabe'im' means 'were prophesying'.
[1SA.10.6] And a wind of Yahveh will go over you, and you will prophesy with them, and you will be turned to another man. [§]
ve-tzalcha alecha ruach Yahveh ve-hitnabbita imam ve-nehpachta le'ish acher.
've' means 'and', 'tzalcha' means 'will go over' or 'will pass', 'alecha' means 'upon you', 'ruach' means 'wind' or 'spirit', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've' again means 'and', 'hitnabbita' means 'you will prophesy', 'imam' means 'with them', 've' means 'and', 'nehpachta' means 'you will be turned' or 'you will be changed', 'le'ish' means 'to a man', 'acher' means 'another'.
[1SA.10.7] And it shall be when these signs come to you, make for yourself what your hand finds, because the Gods are with you. [§]
vehayah ki tavoinah haotot haelleh lach aseh lecha asher timtze yadecha ki haelohim immach.
'vehayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ki' means 'because' or 'when', 'tavoinah' means 'you will come' or 'enter', 'haotot' means 'the signs', 'haelleh' means 'these', 'lach' means 'to you', 'aseh' means 'make' or 'do', 'lecha' means 'for yourself', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'timtze' means 'you will find', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'haelohim' means 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'immach' means 'with you'.
[1SA.10.8] And you will go down before me to Gilgal, and behold, I am descending to you to bring up offerings to sacrifice peace offerings; for seven days you will begin until I come to you, and I will tell you what you shall do. [§]
ve-yaradta lefanai ha-gilgal ve-hineh anochi yored elaycha leha'alot olot lizboach zivchei shlamim shiv'at yamim tochel ad-bo'i elaycha ve-hodati lecha et asher ta'aseh.
've-yaradta' means 'and you will go down', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'ha-gilgal' means 'the Gilgal', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'anochi' means 'I', 'yored' means 'am descending', 'elaycha' means 'to you', 'leha'alot' means 'to bring up', 'olot' means 'offerings', 'lizboach' means 'to sacrifice', 'zivchei' means 'peace offerings', 'shlamim' means 'peace', 'shiv'at' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'tochel' means 'you will begin', 'ad-bo'i' means 'until I come', 'elaycha' means 'to you', 've-hodati' means 'and I will tell', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'asher' means 'what/that', 'ta'aseh' means 'you will do'.
[1SA.10.9] And it shall be as when he turns his attention to go from Samuel, and the Gods turned his heart to another, and all these signs came in that day. [§]
Ve hayah ke hapnoto shikmo lalekhet me'im Shmuel vayahapach-lo Elohim lev acher vayavu kol ha'otot ha'ele bayom hahu.
'Ve' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'it will be', 'ke' means 'as', 'hapnoto' means 'when he turns (his) attention', 'shikmo' means 'his attention', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'me'im' means 'from', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'vayahapach-lo' means 'and the Gods turned (his) for him', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'lev' means 'heart', 'acher' means 'another', 'vayavu' means 'and they came', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'otot' means 'the signs', 'ha'ele' means 'these', 'bayom' means 'in the day', 'hahu' means 'that [day]'.
[1SA.10.10] And they came there to the hill, and behold a band of prophets to meet him; a wind of the Gods rose upon him and he prophesied among them. [§]
Vayyavo'u sham ha-giv'ah vehineh chevel-nevi'im liqrato vattitslach alav ruach elohim vayitnabe'a betocham.
'Vayyavo'u' means 'and they came', 'sham' means 'there', 'ha-giv'ah' means 'the hill', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'chevel-nevi'im' means 'a band/rope of prophets', 'liqrato' means 'to meet him', 'vattitslach' means 'and rose', 'alav' means 'upon him', 'ruach elohim' means 'the spirit of the Gods' (with Elohim rendered as 'the Gods'), 'vayitnabe'a' means 'and he prophesied', 'betocham' means 'among them'.
[1SA.10.11] And it came to pass that all who knew him from the day before yesterday and three days ago saw, and behold, with prophets they prophesied, and the people said, 'A man to his companion: what was this concerning Ben Kish? Even Saul among the prophets?' [§]
Vayehi kol-yod'o me'ittmol shilshom vayiru ve'hine im-nevi'im nibba vayomer ha'am ish el-re'eh-uo mah-zeh hayah le'ven-kish hagam Shaul ban-nevi'im.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'kol-yod'o' means 'all who know him', 'me'ittmol' means 'from the day before', 'shilshom' means 'three days ago', 'vayiru' means 'they saw', 've'hine' means 'and behold', 'im-nevi'im' means 'with prophets', 'nibba' means 'they prophesied', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ish' means 'a man', 'el-re'eh-uo' means 'to his companion', 'mah-zeh' means 'what is this', 'hayah' means 'was', 'le'ven-kish' means 'concerning Ben Kish', 'hagam' means 'even', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'ban-nevi'im' means 'among the prophets'.
[1SA.10.12] And a man answered from there and said, and who is their father? Therefore it was as a proverb, even Saul among the prophets. [§]
vayaan ish misham vayomer umi avihhem al-ken hayta lemashal hagam shaul baneviim.
'vayaan' means 'and he answered', 'ish' means 'a man', 'misham' means 'from there', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'umi' means 'and who', 'avihhem' means 'their father', 'al-ken' means 'therefore' or 'for this reason', 'hayta' means 'was', 'lemashal' means 'as an example' or 'as a proverb', 'hagam' means 'also' or 'even', 'shaul' means 'Saul', 'baneviim' means 'among the prophets'.
[1SA.10.13] And he finished prophesying and entered the high place. [§]
Vayekhal mehitnabot vayavo habamah.
'Vayekhal' means 'and he finished', 'mehitnabot' means 'from prophesying', 'vayavo' means 'and he entered', 'habamah' means 'the high place' (a place of worship).
[1SA.10.14] And the uncle of Saul said to him and to his servant, 'Where have you gone?' And he said, 'To look for the donkeys, and we will see that there is none, and we will go to Samuel.' [§]
vayomer dod Shaul elav ve'el-na'aro an halaktem vayomer levakesh et-ha'atonot vanireh ki-ayin vanavo el-shmuel.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'dod' means 'uncle' or 'relative', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'elav' means 'to him', 've'el-na'aro' means 'and to his servant', 'an' means 'where', 'halaktem' means 'you went' (plural), 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'levakesh' means 'to look for', 'et-ha'atonot' means 'the donkeys', 'vanireh' means 'we will see', 'ki-ayin' means 'that there is none', 'vanavo' means 'we will come', 'el-shmuel' means 'to Samuel'.
[1SA.10.15] And David said to Saul, "Please tell me what Samuel said to you?" [§]
Vayomer Dod Shaul haggida-na li ma-amar lachem Shmuel.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Dod' is the name David, 'Shaul' means Saul, 'haggida-na' means 'please tell (me)', 'li' means 'to me', 'ma-amar' means 'what said', 'lachem' means 'to you (plural)', 'Shmuel' means Samuel.
[1SA.10.16] And Saul said to his father-in-law, 'Tell us, for the donkeys have been found, but he has not told us the matter of the kingdom which Samuel said.' [§]
Vayomer Sha'ul el-dodo ha-ged higid lanu ki nimtzeu ha-atonot ve'et-devar ha-melukha lo higid lo asher amar Shmuel.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Sha'ul' is the name Saul, 'el-dodo' means 'to his father-in-law', 'ha-ged' means 'the (one who) tells', 'higid' means 'told', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'ki' means 'because', 'nimtzeu' means 'have been found', 'ha-atonot' means 'the donkeys', 've'et-devar' means 'and the matter', 'ha-melukha' means 'of the kingdom', 'lo' means 'not', 'higid' means 'has told', 'lo' means 'to him', 'asher' means 'which', 'amar' means 'said', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel.
[1SA.10.17] And Samuel called the people to Yahveh the Watcher. [§]
Va-yatzeek Shmuel et haam el Yahveh ha-mitzpah.
'Va' means 'and', 'yatzeek' means 'called out' or 'shouted', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'et' is a grammatical marker with no direct English equivalent, 'haam' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'ha-mitzpah' means 'the watcher' or 'the lookout'.
[1SA.10.18] And said to the children of Israel, thus says Yahveh the Gods of Israel: I have brought Israel out of Egypt and have saved you from the hand of Egypt and from the hand of all the kingdoms that divided you. [§]
Vayyomer el-b'nei Yisrael pakhu amar Yahveh Elohei Yisrael anochi he'eleyti et-Yisrael mi-Mitzrayim va-atzil etchem mi-yad Mitzrayim u-mi-yad kol-hammamlachot ha-lochatzim etchem.
'Vayyomer' means 'and he said', 'el-b'nei Yisrael' means 'to the children of Israel', 'pakhu amar' means 'thus says', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' is the construct form of Elohim and is rendered here as 'the Gods' (literal translation of Elohim), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'anochi' means 'I', 'he'eleyti' means 'have brought up' or 'have brought', 'et-Yisrael' marks the direct object 'Israel', 'mi-Mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'va-atzil' means 'and have saved', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', the second 'Mitzrayim' repeats 'Egypt', 'u-mi-yad' means 'and from the hand of', 'kol-hammamlachot' means 'all the kingdoms', 'ha-lochatzim' means 'the dividing' or 'the nations that divided', and the final 'etchem' repeats 'you'.
[1SA.10.19] And you today despise your the Gods who is the savior for you from all your evils and your troubles, and you said to him, 'Because a king you will set upon us, and now stand before Yahveh for your tribes and for your thousands.' [§]
ve'atem hayom ma'astem et Eloheichem asher hu moshia lachem mikol ra'oteichem ve'tzaroteichem vatoram u lo ki melekh tasim alenu ve'ata hityatzevu lifnei Yahveh leshivteichem u'lealfeychem.
've'atem' means 'and you (plural)'; 'hayom' means 'today'; 'ma'astem' means 'you despise'; 'et' is the accusative marker; 'Eloheichem' means 'your the Gods' (Elohim = the Gods); 'asher' means 'who'; 'hu' means 'he is'; 'moshia' means 'savior'; 'lachem' means 'for you'; 'mikol' means 'from all'; 'ra'oteichem' means 'your evils'; 've'tzaroteichem' means 'and your troubles'; 'vatoram' means 'and you said'; 'u' means 'to'; 'lo' means 'him'; 'ki' means 'that'; 'melekh' means 'king'; 'tasim' means 'you will set/appoint'; 'alenu' means 'upon us'; 've'ata' means 'and now'; 'hityatzevu' means 'stand'; 'lifnei' means 'before'; 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHWH; 'leshivteichem' means 'to your tribes'; 'u'lealfeychem' means 'and to your thousands'.
[1SA.10.20] And Samuel gathered all the tribes of Israel and seized the tribe of Benjamin. [§]
Vayakrev Shmuel et kol-shevet Yisrael vayilla'ked shevet Binyaman.
'Vayakrev' means 'and he drew near' or 'gathered', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'et' is the Hebrew direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'shevet' means 'tribe' (plural in context), 'Yisrael' is the name Israel, 'vayilla'ked' means 'and he seized', the second 'shevet' again means 'tribe', and 'Binyaman' is the name Benjamin.
[1SA.10.21] And he drew near the tribe of Benjamin to his families, and they captured the family of the Matri, and they captured Saul son of Kish, and they sought him but he was not found. [§]
vayikrev et shevet binyamin lemisphchotav vatilaked mishpat hamatri vayillaked shaul ben kish vayevkeshuhu velo nimtsa.
'vayikrev' means 'and he drew near', 'et' is the direct object marker (no English equivalent), 'shevet' means 'tribe', 'binyamin' means 'Benjamin', 'lemisphchotav' means 'to his families', 'vatilaked' means 'and (they) captured', 'mishpat' means 'the family', 'hamatri' means 'the Matri', 'vayillaked' means 'and (they) captured', 'shaul' means 'Saul', 'ben' means 'son of', 'kish' means 'Kish', 'vayevkeshuhu' means 'and they sought him', 'velo' means 'but not', 'nimtsa' means 'found'.
[1SA.10.22] And they asked again in Yahveh, bring again the halom, the man, and he said, Yahveh, behold, he is hidden to the vessels. [§]
Vayisha'alu od baYahveh hava od halom ish su-yo'amer Yahveh hineh hu nechba el-hakelim.
'Vayisha'alu' means 'and they asked', 'od' means 'again' or 'still', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (YHWH translated as Yahveh), 'hava' means 'bring', a second 'od' repeats 'again', 'halom' is a difficult word here often rendered 'the heat' or possibly a proper name, 'ish' means 'man', 'su-yo'amer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' again is the name of God, 'hineh' means 'behold', 'hu' means 'he', 'nechba' means 'is hidden', 'el' means 'to' and 'hakelim' means 'the vessels' or 'the containers'.
[1SA.10.23] They hurried and took him from there, and he stood in the midst of the people, and he was exalted above all the people from his youth onward. [§]
Vayarutzu vayikachu misham vayitatzev betoch haam vayigbeh mikol haam mishikmo vamaalah.
'Vayarutzu' means 'they ran' or 'they hurried', 'vayikachu' means 'they took him', 'misham' means 'from there', 'vayitatzev' means 'he stood' or 'he positioned himself', 'betoch' means 'in the midst of', 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayigbeh' means 'he was exalted' or 'he rose up', 'mikol' means 'above all', 'haam' again means 'the people', 'mishikmo' means 'from his youth' or 'from his early days', 'vamaalah' means 'and above' or 'and onward'.
[1SA.10.24] And Samuel said to all the people, 'Behold what Yahveh has chosen in him, for there is none like him among all the people.' Then all the people shouted, 'Long live the king!' [§]
Vayomer Shmuel el-kol ha'am har'eitem asher bachar bo Yahveh ki ein kamohu bekhol ha'am vayari'u kol ha'am vayomru yechi ha-melech.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'el-kol' means 'to all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'har'eitem' means 'behold you have seen', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'bachar' means 'has chosen', 'bo' means 'in him', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'kamohu' means 'like him', 'bekhol' means 'among all', 'ha'am' again 'the people', 'vayari'u' means 'and they shouted', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' again 'the people', 'vayomru' means 'they said', 'yechi' means 'long live', 'ha-melech' means 'the king'.
[1SA.10.25] And Samuel spoke to the people the judgment of the kingdom, and he wrote it in the book, and laid it before Yahveh, and Samuel sent all the people, each man, to his house. [§]
Vayedaber Shmuel el ha'am et mishpat ha-melukah vayikhtov ba-sefer vayanach lifnei Yahveh vayeshallah Shmuel et kol ha'am ish leveto.
'Vayedaber' means 'and spoke', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'mishpat' means 'judgment', 'ha-melukah' means 'the kingdom', 'vayikhtov' means 'and wrote', 'ba-sefer' means 'in the book', 'vayanach' means 'and laid', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayeshallah' means 'and sent', 'et kol ha'am' means 'all the people', 'ish' means 'each man', 'leveto' means 'to his house'.
[1SA.10.26] And also Saul went to his house at Gibeah, and the army went with him who the Gods touched in their hearts. [§]
Ve gam Shaul halakh leveito Gibeatah vayelchu immo hachayil asher naga Elohim belivam.
'Ve' means 'and', 'gam' means 'also', 'Shaul' is a personal name, 'halakh' means 'went', 'leveito' means 'to his house', 'Gibeatah' is the place name Gibeah, 'vayelchu' means 'and they went', 'immo' means 'with him', 'hachayil' means 'the force' or 'the army', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'naga' means 'touched', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'belivam' means 'in their hearts'.
[1SA.10.27] And the children of Belial said, 'What is our salvation?' and they despised him, and they did not bring him an offering, and it was as a silence. [§]
Uvenei beliyaal amru mah-yoshenu hu vayivzuho velo heviu lo minchah vayhi kemacharis.
'Uvenei' means 'and the children of', 'beliyaal' means 'Belial', 'amru' means 'they said', 'mah-yoshenu' means 'what is our salvation', 'hu' means 'he', 'vayivzuho' means 'and they despised him', 'velo' means 'and they did not', 'heviu' means 'bring', 'lo' means 'to him', 'minchah' means 'offering', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'kemacharis' means 'as a silence'.
1SA.11
[1SA.11.1] And the Ammonite snake went up and settled on the dry place of Gilgal, and all the men of Yabesh said to the snake, 'Make a covenant with us and we will serve you.' [§]
vayya'al nachash ha'amoni vayichan al-yabesh Gil'ad vayomru kol-anshei Yabesh el-nachash kerat lanu berit ve-na'avdeka.
'vayya'al' means 'and went up', 'nachash' means 'snake' or 'serpent', 'ha'amoni' means 'the Ammonite', 'vayichan' means 'and settled' or 'camped', 'al-yabesh' means 'on the dry (place)', 'Gil'ad' is the name Gilgal, 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'kol-anshei' means 'all the men of', 'Yabesh' is a place name meaning 'dry', 'el-nachash' means 'to the snake', 'kerat' means 'make a covenant', 'lanu' means 'with us', 'berit' means 'covenant', 've-na'avdeka' means 'and we will serve you'.
[1SA.11.2] And he said to them, the snake of the Ammonite, 'By this I will curse you, with a wound to your right eye, and I will make it a disgrace over all Israel.' [§]
Vayomer aleihem nachash haamoni bezot ekrot lachem binkor lachem kol eyin yamin vesametiha cherpah al kol yisrael.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'nachash' means 'snake', 'haamoni' means 'the Ammonite', 'bezot' means 'by this', 'ekrot' means 'I will curse', 'lachem' means 'upon you', 'binkor' means 'with a wound', 'kol' means 'every', 'eyin' means 'eye', 'yamin' means 'right', 'vesametiha' means 'and I will make it', 'cherpah' means 'a disgrace', 'al' means 'over', 'kol' means 'all', 'yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[1SA.11.3] And the elders of Jericho said to him, 'Give us seven days and we will send messengers throughout all the border of Israel, and if there is no deliverer for us, we will go out to you.' [§]
Vayomru elav ziknei Yabesher heraf lanu shivat yamim venishlacha malachim bechol gevul Yisrael ve'im ein moshia otanu veyatsaenu eilecha.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'ziknei' means 'elders of', 'Yabesher' is the city name Jericho, 'heraf' means 'give', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'shivat yamim' means 'seven days', 'venishlacha' means 'and we will send', 'malachim' means 'messengers', 'bechol' means 'through all', 'gevul' means 'border', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've'im' means 'and if', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'moshia' means 'savior' or 'deliverer', 'otanu' means 'us', 'veyatsaenu' means 'we will go out', 'eilecha' means 'to you'.
[1SA.11.4] And the messengers came to the hill of Saul and they spoke the words to the ears of the people, and all the people lifted up their voice and wept. [§]
Vayyavo'u ha malachim gibbat Shaul vayedabru ha devarim be oznei ha am vayissa'u kol ha am et kolam vayivchu.
'Vayyavo\'u' means 'and they came', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'malachim' means 'messengers' (or angels), 'gibbat' means 'hill of', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'vayedabru' means 'and they spoke', 'ha' again is 'the', 'devarim' means 'words', 'be' means 'in' or 'to', 'oznei' means 'the ears of', 'ha' is 'the', 'am' means 'people', 'vayissa\'u' means 'and they lifted', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha' is 'the', 'am' means 'people', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'kolam' means 'their voice' (literally 'their sound'), 'vayivchu' means 'and they wept'.
[1SA.11.5] And behold, Saul was coming after the cattle from the field, and Saul said, 'What is the matter with the people, that they are weeping?' And they reported to him the words of the men of Jabesh. [§]
ve-hineh Shaul ba acharei habakar min hasadeh vayomer Shaul mah-laam ki yivchu vyesapru-lo et-dibre anshei Yabesh.
've' means 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'ba' means 'came' or 'was coming', 'acharei' means 'after', 'habakar' means 'the cattle', 'min' means 'from', 'hasadeh' means 'the field', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'mah-laam' means 'what (is) to the people' or 'what is the matter with the people', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'yivchu' means 'they will weep', 'vyesapru-lo' means 'and they told him', 'et-dibre' means 'the words of', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'Yabesh' is a place name (Jabesh).
[1SA.11.6] And the spirit of the Gods went out upon Saul when he heard these words, and his anger burned greatly. [§]
Vatti tzlakh ruach Elohim al Shaul beshmo et hadvarim haeleh vayichar apo meod.
'Vatti' means 'and it went out', 'tzlakh' (from tzlakh) means 'go out' or 'flourish', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'al' means 'upon', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'beshmo' means 'when he heard', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'hadvarim' means 'the words', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'vayichar' means 'and his anger burned', 'apo' means 'his anger', 'meod' means 'very much' or 'greatly'.
[1SA.11.7] And he took a herd of cattle and sent them out, and he sent throughout all the border of Israel by the hand of the messengers, saying, 'If there is none coming after Saul and after Samuel, thus shall be done for his herd.' And fear of Yahveh fell upon the people, and they went out as one man. [§]
vayikach tsemad bakar vayenatchehu vayeshallah bechol-gevul Yisrael be-yad ha-malaachim le'emor asher einenu yotze achar Shaul ve'achar Shmuel ko ye'aseh livkaro vayipol pachad-Yahveh al-ha'am vayetzvu ke'ish echad.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'tsemad bakar' means 'a herd of cattle', 'vayenatchehu' means 'and he sent them out', 'vayeshallah' means 'and he sent', 'bechol-gevul Yisrael' means 'throughout all the border of Israel', 'be-yad ha-malaachim' means 'by the hand of the messengers', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'asher' means 'that', 'einenu' means 'there is none', 'yotze' means 'going out', 'achar Shaul' means 'after Saul', 've'achar Shmuel' means 'and after Samuel', 'ko' means 'thus', 'ye'aseh' means 'shall be done', 'livkaro' means 'for his herd', 'vayipol' means 'and fell', 'pachad-Yahveh' means 'fear of Yahveh' (YHVH is rendered as Yahveh), 'al-ha'am' means 'upon the people', 'vayetzvu' means 'they went out', 'ke'ish echad' means 'like one man'.
[1SA.11.8] And he appointed them in the bazek, and they were the sons of Israel three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand. [§]
vayyifkedem be-vazek vayyihyu b'nei Yisrael shelosh meot elef ve-ish Yehudah sheloshim elef.
'vayyifkedem' means 'and he appointed them', 'be-vazek' means 'in the bazek', 'vayyihyu' means 'and they became', 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the sons of Israel', 'shelosh meot elef' means 'three hundred thousand', 've-ish Yehudah' means 'and the men of Judah', 'sheloshim elef' means 'thirty thousand'.
[1SA.11.9] And they said to the angels who were coming, 'Thus you shall say to a man of Gilead: Tomorrow there will be salvation for you in the heat of the sun.' And the angels came and announced to the men of Gilead, and they were glad. [§]
Vayomeru lamalachim habbaim ko tomrun leish yavesh Gilad machar tihyeh lakhem teshua bechom hashamesh vayavo'u hamalachim vayaggidu leanshei yavesh vayismachu.
'Vayomeru' means 'they said', 'lamalachim' means 'to the angels', 'habbaim' means 'who are coming', 'ko' means 'thus', 'tomrun' means 'you shall say', 'leish' means 'to a man', 'yavesh' means 'dry' (used here as a name), 'Gilad' means 'Gilead', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'tihyeh' means 'will be', 'lakhem' means 'for you', 'teshua' means 'salvation', 'bechom' means 'in the heat', 'hashamesh' means 'of the sun', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'hamalachim' again 'the angels', 'vayaggidu' means 'and they reported', 'leanshei' means 'to the men of', 'yavesh' again the name, 'vayismachu' means 'and they were glad'.
[1SA.11.10] And the men of Yabesh said, "Tomorrow we will go out to you and you shall do for us whatever is good in your eyes." [§]
Vayomeru anshi Yabesh machar netsé aleikhem va'asitem lanu kechol hatov be'eynekhem.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'anshi' means 'men of', 'Yabesh' is the name of the city, 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'netsé' means 'we will go out', 'aleikhem' means 'to you (plural)', 'va'asitem' means 'and you shall do (for) us', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'kechol' means 'as all' or 'whatever', 'hatov' means 'the good', 'be'eynekhem' means 'in your eyes'.
[1SA.11.11] And it came to pass the next day, and Saul appointed three leaders over the people, and they entered the camp at the morning watch, and they struck Ammon until the heat of the day, and the remaining ones were scattered, and not two were left together. [§]
vayehi mimmacharat vayyasem Shaul et ha'am shloshah rashim vayavo'u betoch hamachane betzshmorat haboker vayakhu et Ammon ad chom hayom vayhi hanish'arim vayafutu velo nish'aru bam shenayim yachad.
'vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'mimmacharat' means 'the next day', 'vayyasem' means 'and he set/appointed', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'shloshah' means 'three', 'rashim' means 'heads' or 'leaders', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came/entered', 'betoch' means 'within', 'hamachane' means 'the camp', 'betzshmorat' means 'at the watch', 'haboker' means 'the morning', 'vayakhu' means 'and they struck', 'et' marker, 'Ammon' is the nation Ammon, 'ad' means 'until', 'chom' means 'heat', 'hayom' means 'of the day', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'hanish'arim' means 'the remaining ones', 'vayafutu' means 'and they were scattered', 'velo' means 'and not', 'nish'aru' means 'were left', 'bam' means 'among them', 'shenayim' means 'two', 'yachad' means 'together'.
[1SA.11.12] And the people said to Samuel, Who is the one who says Saul will reign over us? Bring the men that we may put them to death. [§]
Vayomer haam el Shmuel Mi haomer Shaul yimloch aleinu tenu haanashim unemitem
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'haam' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'Mi' means 'who', 'haomer' means 'the one who says', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'yimloch' means 'will reign', 'aleinu' means 'over us', 'tenu' means 'bring', 'haanashim' means 'the men', 'unemitem' means 'that we may put them to death'.
[1SA.11.13] And Saul said, "No man shall be killed this day, because the day Yahveh has made salvation in Israel." [§]
Vayomer Shaul lo-yumat ish bayom hazeh ki hayom asah Yahveh teshua beYisrael.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the proper name 'Saul', 'lo-yumat' means 'shall not kill', 'ish' means 'man', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ki' means 'because', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'asah' means 'has made', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'teshua' means 'salvation', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel'.
[1SA.11.14] And Samuel said to the people, Go, and let us go to the Gilgal and there we will renew the kingdom. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel el ha'am lechu ve-nelcha haGilgal u-nechadesh sham ha-melukah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'lechu' means 'go', 've-nelcha' means 'and let us go', 'haGilgal' means 'the Gilgal (a place name)', 'u-nechadesh' means 'and we will renew', 'sham' means 'there', 'ha-melukah' means 'the kingdom'.
[1SA.11.15] And all the people went to Gilgal and they made Saul king there before Yahveh at Gilgal, and they offered there whole burnt offerings before Yahveh, and Saul was glad there, and all the men of Israel were extremely glad. [§]
Vayelechu kol‑haam ha‑gilgal vayamlikhu sham et‑Shaul lifnei Yahveh bagilgal vayizbechu‑sham zevachim shelamim lifnei Yahveh vayishmach sham Shaul vechol‑anshei Yisrael ad‑meod.
'Vayelechu' means 'And they went', 'kol‑haam' means 'all the people', 'ha‑gilgal' means 'the Gilgal (place)', 'vayamlikhu' means 'and they made (him) king', 'sham' means 'there', 'et‑Shaul' means 'Saul (object marker)', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'bagilgal' means 'at Gilgal', 'vayizbechu‑sham' means 'and they offered there', 'zevachim' means 'sacrifices', 'shelamim' means 'whole (peace) burnt offerings', 'vayishmach' means 'and he was glad', 'vechol‑anshei' means 'and all the men of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ad‑meod' means 'very much, exceedingly'.
1SA.12
[1SA.12.1] And Samuel said to all Israel, Behold, I have heard your voice in all that you said to me, and I will bring a king over you. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel el kol Yisrael hineh shamati be'kolkhem lekhol asheramartem li vaamlich aleikhem melek.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'el' means 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'shamati' means 'I have heard', 'be'kolkhem' means 'your voice', 'lekhol' means 'to all', 'asheramartem' means 'that you said', 'li' means 'to me', 'vaamlich' means 'and I will bring', 'aleikhem' means 'over you', 'melek' means 'king'.
[1SA.12.2] Now behold the king is walking before you, and I have grown old and become weary, and my sons, behold, are with you, and I have walked before you from my youth until this day. [§]
ve'ata hinnenah ha-melekh mit-halek le-f'nekhem ve'ani zakanti va-savti u-vanai hinam it'khem ve'ani hi-t'halkti le-f'nekhem min-ne'arei ad-hayom hazeh.
've'ata' means 'and now', 'hinnenah' means 'behold', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'mit-halek' means 'is walking', 'le-f'nekhem' means 'before you', 've'ani' means 'and I', 'zakanti' means 'I have grown old', 'va-savti' means 'and I have become weary', 'u-vanai' means 'and my sons', 'hinam' means 'behold they', 'it'khem' means 'with you', 've'ani' means 'and I', 'hi-t'halkti' means 'have walked', 'le-f'nekhem' means 'before you', 'min-ne'arei' means 'from my youth', 'ad-hayom' means 'until the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[1SA.12.3] Here I am; I will answer before Yahveh and before his Messiah: whose ox have I taken, and whose donkey have I taken? Whom have I cheated, whom have I desired, and from whose hand have I taken a guilt offering? I will lift my eyes upon it, and I will answer you. [§]
Hineni anu bi neged Yahveh ve'neged Mashichho et-shor mi lakhti vachemor mi lakhti ve'et mi asaqti et mi ratzoti u-miyad mi lakhti kofer ve-a'alim einai bo ve'ashiv lachem.
'Hineni' means 'Here I am', 'anu' means 'I will answer', 'bi' means 'in me' (or 'by me'), 'neged' means 'before' or 'against', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 've'neged' means 'and before', 'Mashichho' means 'his anointed one' (his Messiah), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'shor' means 'ox', 'mi' means 'who', 'lakhti' means 'I have taken', 'vachemor' means 'and donkey', 've'et' means 'and (another) (direct object marker)', 'mi' again 'who', 'asaqti' means 'I have cheated', 'ratzoti' means 'I have desired', 'u-miyad' means 'and from the hand of', 'kofer' means 'a guilt offering', 've-a'alim' means 'and I will lift', 'einai' means 'my eyes', 'bo' means 'upon it', 've'ashiv' means 'and I will answer', 'lachem' means 'to you' (plural).
[1SA.12.4] And they said, 'You have not oppressed us, and you have not pleased us, and you have not taken a ransom from the hand of a man.' [§]
Vayomeru lo ashaktanu ve lo ratzotanu ve lo-lakachtah miyad ish meuma.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashaktanu' means 'you have oppressed us', 've lo' means 'and not', 'ratzotanu' means 'you have pleased us', 've lo-lakachtah' means 'and you have not taken', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'ish' means 'a man', 'meuma' means 'a ransom' or 'price'.
[1SA.12.5] And he said to them, Witness Yahveh is among you, and witness his Messiah this day, because you have not found in my hand something, and he said, Witness. [§]
Vayomer aleihem ed Yahveh bacham veed meshicho hayom haze ki lo metzatem beyadi meuma vayomer ed.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'aleihem' means 'to them', 'ed' means 'witness', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'bacham' means 'among you', 'veed' means 'and witness', 'meshicho' means 'his Messiah' (literally 'his anointed'), 'hayom' means 'this day', 'haze' means 'this', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'metzatem' means 'you found', 'beyadi' means 'in my hand', 'meuma' (a difficult word, likely meaning 'something hidden' or 'a secret') is rendered as 'something', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', and the final 'ed' repeats the word 'witness' as a concluding statement.
[1SA.12.6] And Samuel said to the people, Yahveh who made Moses and Aaron and who brought up your fathers from the land of Egypt. [§]
Va-yomer Shmuel el-ha-am Yahveh asher asa et-Moshe ve-et-Aharon ve-asher he'ela et-avoteichem me'eretz Mitzrayim.
'Va-yomer' means 'and said', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'el' means 'to', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'who/that', 'asa' means 'made', 'et-Moshe' means 'Moses', 've-et-Aharon' means 'and Aaron', 've-asher' means 'and who', 'he'ela' means 'brought up', 'et-avoteichem' means 'your fathers', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land', 'Mitzrayim' means 'Egypt'.
[1SA.12.7] Now stand, and I will judge you before Yahveh all the righteousness of Yahveh which He has done to you and to your fathers. [§]
ve'ata hityatzvu ve'ishaf'ta itchem lifnei Yahveh et kol-tzidkoth Yahveh asher asa itchem ve'et avoteichem.
've'ata' means 'now', 'hityatzvu' means 'stand' (imperative plural), 've'ishaf'ta' means 'and I will judge', 'itchem' means 'you' (plural object), 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not translated), 'kol-tzidkoth' means 'all the righteousness', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asa' means 'He did/made', 'itchem' again 'you', 've'et' means 'and', 'avoteichem' means 'your ancestors' or 'your fathers'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as the proper name Yahveh according to the given guidelines.
[1SA.12.8] As when Jacob entered Egypt, your fathers cried out to Yahveh, and Yahveh sent Moses and Aaron, and they brought out your fathers from Egypt and settled them in this place. [§]
Ka'asher ba Yaakov miTzrayim vayiz'aku avoteichem el Yahveh vayishlach Yahveh et Moshe ve'et Aharon vayotzi'u et avoteichem miMitzrayim vayoshivam bamakom hazeh.
'Ka'asher' means 'as when', 'ba' means 'came/entered', 'Yaakov' means 'Jacob', 'miTzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'vayiz'aku' means 'and they cried out', 'avoteichem' means 'your fathers', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'vayishlach' means 'and sent', the second 'Yahveh' again refers to God, 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Moshe' means 'Moses', 've'et' means 'and', 'Aharon' means 'Aaron', 'vayotzi'u' means 'and they brought out', the second 'avoteichem' again 'your fathers', 'miMitzrayim' means 'from Egypt', 'vayoshivam' means 'and settled them', 'bamacom' means 'in the place', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[1SA.12.9] They forgot Yahveh their Gods and they sold them into the hand of Sisera commander of the army of Hazor and into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the king of Moab and they fought against them. [§]
vayishkechu et-Yahveh Eloheihem vayimkor otam beyad sisra sar tzava chatsor uveyd pelishtim uveyd melek Moav vayilachmu bam.
'vayishkechu' means 'they forgot', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'Yahveh' means the name of God, 'Eloheihem' means 'their Gods', 'vayimkor' means 'they sold', 'otam' means 'them', 'beyad' means 'into the hand of', 'sisra' means 'Sisera', 'sar' means 'commander', 'tzava' means 'army', 'chatsor' means 'Hazor', 'uveyd' means 'and into the hand of', 'pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'uveyd' again means 'and into the hand of', 'melek' means 'king', 'Moav' means 'Moab', 'vayilachmu' means 'they fought', 'bam' means 'against them'.
[1SA.12.10] And they cried out to Yahveh and said, "We have sinned because we have abandoned Yahveh and served the Baals and the Ashtoreths; now deliver us from the hand of our enemies and we will serve you." [§]
Vayiz'aku el-Yahveh vayomaru, "Chatanu ki azavnu et-Yahveh, van'a'avod et-haba'alim ve'et-hash'tarot, ve'ata hatsileinu miyad oy'vinu venavdeka."
"Vayiz'aku" means "they cried out", "el" means "to", "Yahveh" is the literal rendering of YHVH, "vayomaru" means "and they said", "Chatanu" means "we have sinned", "ki" means "because", "azavnu" means "we have abandoned", "et" is the direct‑object marker, "Yahveh" again, "van'a'avod" means "and we served", "et-haba'alim" means "the Baals" (the false gods), "ve'et-hash'tarot" means "and the Ashtoreths" (another class of false deities), "ve'ata" means "now", "hatsileinu" means "deliver us", "miyad" means "from the hand of", "oy'vinu" means "our enemies", and "venavdeka" means "and we will serve you".
[1SA.12.11] And Yahveh sent Yerubb'al and Bedan and Yifta and Samuel, and He saved you from the hand of your enemies around, and you sat in safety. [§]
Vayishlach Yahveh et-Yerubb'al ve-et-Bedan ve-et-Yifta ve-et-Shmuel vayatzel etchem miyad oiveichem misaviv vateshvu betach.
'Vayishlach' means 'and sent', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et-' is the accusative marker meaning 'the', 'Yerubb'al' is a proper name, 'Bedan' is a proper name, 'Yifta' is a proper name, 'Shmuel' is Samuel, 'vayatzel' means 'and saved', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'oiveichem' means 'your enemies', 'misaviv' means 'around', 'vateshvu' means 'and you sat', 'betach' means 'in safety'.
[1SA.12.12] And they saw that a serpent king of the children of Ammon came upon you, and they said to me, 'No, for a king will reign over us,' and Yahveh your God is your King. [§]
vatisru ki nachash melekh bnei Ammon ba aleichem vatomru li lo ki melekh yimlokh aleinu vayahveh elohichem malkeichem.
'vatisru' means 'and they saw', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'nachash' means 'serpent', 'melekh' means 'king', 'bnei' means 'children of', 'Ammon' is the nation Ammon, 'ba' means 'came', 'aleichem' means 'upon you (plural)', 'vatomru' means 'and they said', 'li' means 'to me', 'lo' means 'not', 'ki' here means 'for', 'melekh' again 'king', 'yimlokh' means 'will reign', 'aleinu' means 'over us', 'vayahveh' means 'and Yahveh' (the name YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'elohichem' means 'your God', 'malkeichem' means 'your King'.
[1SA.12.13] Now, behold the king that you chose, that you asked for, and behold Yahveh gave you a king. [§]
ve'atah hineh ha-melekh asher becharatem asher she'altam ve'hineh nathan Yahveh aleychem melekh.
've'atah' means 'now', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'becharatem' means 'you chose', 'asher' again means 'who/that', 'she'altam' means 'you asked', 've'hineh' means 'and behold', 'nathan' means 'gave', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'aleychem' means 'upon you/over you', 'melekh' means 'king'.
[1SA.12.14] If you fear Yahveh and you serve him and you listen to his voice and you do not rebel against the mouth of Yahveh, and you also will be you and also the king who reigns over you after Yahveh your Gods. [§]
Im-tir'u et-Yahveh ve'avadtem oto u'shema'tem beqolo velo tamru et-pi Yahveh viheyitem gam-atem ve'gam-hamelach asher malach aleichem achar Yahveh Eloheichem.
'Im' means 'if'; 'tir'u' means 'you fear'; 'et' is the accusative particle often untranslated; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH; 've' means 'and'; 'avadtem' means 'you serve'; 'oto' means 'him'; 'u' means 'and'; 'shema'tem' means 'you listened'; 'beqolo' means 'to his voice'; 'velo' means 'and not'; 'tamru' means 'you rebel' or 'you tempt'; 'et' again accusative; 'pi' means 'mouth'; 'Yahveh' again; 'viheyitem' means 'and you will be'; 'gam' means 'also'; 'atem' means 'you (plural)'; 've' means 'and'; 'gam' means 'also'; 'hameleach' means 'the king'; 'asher' means 'who'; 'malach' means 'reigned' or 'ruled'; 'aleichem' means 'over you'; 'achar' means 'after' or 'instead of'; 'Yahveh' again; 'Eloheichem' means 'your Gods' (literal translation of Elohim with your).
[1SA.12.15] And if you do not listen to the voice of Yahveh and you betray the mouth of Yahveh, then the hand of Yahveh will be upon you and upon your fathers. [§]
Ve'im lo tishmeu beqol Yahveh umeritem et pi Yahveh vehayetah yed Yahveh bakhem uvaavoteichem.
'Ve' means 'and', 'im' means 'if', 'lo' means 'not', 'tishmeu' means 'you will hear' or 'listen', 'beqol' means 'in the voice', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'umeritem' means 'you will betray' or 'act against', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'pi' means 'mouth', 'vehayetah' means 'and it will be', 'yed' means 'hand', 'bakhem' means 'against you', 'uvaavoteichem' means 'and against your fathers/ancestors'.
[1SA.12.16] Even now, stand and see this great thing which Yahveh does before your eyes. [§]
gam-atah hityatzvu u-reu et-hadavar hagedol hazeh asher Yahveh ose le'eineichem.
'gam-atah' means 'even now', 'hityatzvu' means 'stand (imperative plural)', 'u-reu' means 'and see', 'et-hadavar' means 'the thing', 'hagedol' means 'the great', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'which' or 'that', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ose' means 'does' or 'makes', 'le'eineichem' means 'to your eyes' (i.e., before your eyes).
[1SA.12.17] Is it not the wheat harvest today that I call to Yahveh, and He will give rain and storms, and know and see that your great wickedness, which you have done in the eyes of Yahveh, is that you ask for a king for you. [§]
halo ketzir chittim hayom ekra el Yahveh ve-yiten kolot u-matar u-deu u-reu ki raatekhem rabah asher asitem be-einei Yahveh lishol lachem melech.
'halo' means 'is it not', 'ketzir' means 'harvest', 'chittim' means 'wheat', 'hayom' means 'today', 'ekra' means 'I will call', 'el' is the preposition 'to', 'Yahveh' translates the divine name YHVH as 'Yahveh', 've-yiten' means 'and He will give', 'kolot' means 'rainstorms', 'u-matar' means 'and rain', 'u-deu' means 'and know', 'u-reu' means 'and see', 'ki' means 'because', 'raatekhem' means 'your wickedness', 'rabah' means 'great', 'asher' means 'that', 'asitem' means 'you have done', 'be-einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Yahveh' again the name of God, 'lishol' means 'to ask', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'melech' means 'king'.
[1SA.12.18] Samuel called to Yahveh, and Yahveh gave voices and rain that day; and all the people feared greatly Yahveh and Samuel. [§]
va-yik-ra Shmu-el el Yahveh va-yit-ten Yahveh kolot u-matar ba-yom ha-hu va-yi-ra kol ha-am me-od et Yahveh ve-et Shmu-el.
'va-' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'yikra' means 'he called', 'Shmu-el' is the personal name Samuel, 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'va-yit-ten' means 'and he gave', 'kolot' means 'voices' or 'sounds', 'u-matar' means 'and rain', 'ba-yom' means 'in the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'va-yi-ra' means 'and he feared' (i.e., the people feared), 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'me-od' means 'greatly', 'et' is a direct‑object marker and is not translated, 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 've-et' means 'and', 'Shmu-el' is Samuel again.
[1SA.12.19] And all the people said to Samuel, pray on behalf of your servants to Yahveh your God, that we may not die, because they have added to all our sins evil to ask us for a king. [§]
Vayomru kol haam el Shmuel hitpallel bead avadecha el Yahveh Eloheicha veal namut ki yasapnu al kol chatoteinu raah lishoal lanu melekh.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'kol' means 'all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'Shmuel' is the proper name Samuel, 'hitpallel' means 'pray', 'bead' means 'on behalf of', 'avadecha' means 'your servants', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'Eloheicha' means 'your God' (the singular form of 'Elohim'), 'veal' means 'and let not', 'namut' means 'die', 'ki' means 'because', 'yasapnu' means 'they have added', 'al' means 'upon', 'kol' means 'all', 'chatoteinu' means 'our sins', 'raah' means 'evil', 'lishoal' means 'to ask', 'lanu' means 'of us', 'melekh' means 'a king'.
[1SA.12.20] Samuel said to the people, Do not be afraid, you have done all this evil, but do not turn away from Yahveh, and serve Yahveh with all your heart. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel el-haam al-tira'u atem asitem et kol-hara'ah hazot ach al-tasuru meacharei Yahveh veavadtem et Yahveh bechol levavchem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'al' means 'do not', 'tira\'u' means 'be afraid', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'asitem' means 'you have done', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'hara'ah' means 'the evil', 'hazot' means 'this', 'ach' means 'but', 'al-tasuru' means 'do not turn away', 'meacharei' means 'from after/following', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'veavadtem' means 'and you will serve', 'bechol' means 'with all', 'levavchem' means 'your heart'.
[1SA.12.21] And you shall not turn away, because after the chaos which they will not enlighten and they will not save, for chaos they are. [§]
Ve lo tasuru ki acharai hatohu asher lo-yoilu ve lo yatzilu ki tohu hemah.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'tasuru' means 'you will turn away' (plural), 'ki' means 'because', 'acharai' means 'after', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'tohu' means 'chaos' or 'void', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'lo-yoilu' means 'they will not enlighten' (literally 'they will not give light'), 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yatzilu' means 'they will save', 'ki-tohu' means 'for chaos', 'hemah' means 'they'.
[1SA.12.22] Because Yahveh will not forsake His people on account of His great name, for Yahveh has promised to make you his people. [§]
ki lo yitosh Yahveh et-ammo ba'avur shmo hagadol ki ho'il Yahveh la'asot etchem lo le'am.
'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yitosh' means 'forsake', 'Yahveh' is the proper name of God, 'et-ammo' means 'His people', 'ba'avur' means 'on account of', 'shmo' means 'His name', 'hagadol' means 'the great', 'ki' means 'for', 'ho'il' means 'has promised', 'Yahveh' again the name of God, 'la'asot' means 'to do' or 'to make', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'lo' means 'to him', 'le'am' means 'as a people'.
[1SA.12.23] Even I am ashamed of sin before Yahveh, of ceasing to pray on your behalf, and I will teach you the good and straight way. [§]
Gam anochi chalila li mechato laYahveh mechadol lehitpallel ba'adkhem vehoriti etkhem bederech hatova vehayshara.
'Gam' means 'also' or 'even'; 'anochi' means 'I'; 'chalila' means 'am ashamed' or 'shame'; 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'; 'mechato' (from 'mechat o') means 'of sin'; 'laYahveh' is the divine name YHVH translated as 'Yahveh'; 'mechadol' means 'of stopping' or 'of ceasing'; 'lehitpallel' means 'to pray'; 'ba'adkhem' means 'on your behalf'; 'vehoriti' means 'and I will teach/guide'; 'etkhem' means 'you (plural)'; 'bederech' means 'in the way'; 'hatova' means 'the good'; 'vehayshara' means 'and the straight'.
[1SA.12.24] Only fear Yahveh and serve him in truth with all your heart, because see what he has done with you. [§]
Ach yiru et Yahveh va'avadtem oto beemet bechol levavchem ki reu et asher higdil imachen.
'Ach' means 'only' or 'but', 'yiru' means 'they will fear', 'et' is the direct object marker (not translated), 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'va'avadtem' means 'and you will serve', 'oto' means 'him', 'beemet' means 'in truth', 'bechol' means 'with all', 'levavchem' means 'your heart', 'ki' means 'because', 'reu' means 'see', 'asher' means 'what', 'higdil' means 'he has magnified' or 'he has done', 'imachen' means 'with you (plural)'.
[1SA.12.25] And if the evil you cause, both you and your king will be cut off. [§]
Ve'im ha-re'a tare'u gam atem gam malkekhem tisafu.
'Ve'im' means 'and if', 'ha-re'a' means 'the evil', 'tare'u' means 'you cause' or 'you do', 'gam' means 'also' or 'both', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', the second 'gam' again means 'also', 'malkekhem' means 'your king', and 'tisafu' means 'you will be cut off' or 'you will be ended'.
1SA.13
[1SA.13.1] In the year that Saul began to reign, and for two years he ruled over Israel. [§]
Ben-shanah Shaul be-malko ve-shetay shanim malach al Yisrael.
'Ben' means 'in', 'shana' means 'year' (together 'ben-shana' = 'in the year'), 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'be-malko' means 'in his reign' ('be' = in, 'malko' = his reign), 've' means 'and', 'shetay' means 'two' (construct form of 'shte'im'), 'shanim' means 'years', 'malach' means 'he ruled' or 'he reigned', 'al' means 'over', 'Yisrael' is the proper name Israel.
[1SA.13.2] And Saul chose three thousand from Israel, and there were with Saul a thousand in Mikmas and on the mountain of the house of God; and a thousand were with Jonathan in the hill of Benjamin, and the rest of the people sent each man to his tent. [§]
Vayyivchar-lo Shaul shloshet alafim miYisrael vayyihyu im Shaul alpayim beMikmas uveHar BeitEl veelf hayu im Yonatan beGivat Binyamin veYeter haam shillaH ish leOhalav.
'Vayyivchar' means 'and he chose', 'lo' means 'for him', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'shloshet alafim' means 'three thousand', 'miYisrael' means 'from Israel', 'vayyihyu' means 'and they were', 'im' means 'with', 'alpayim' means 'a thousand', 'beMikmas' means 'in Mikmas' (place name), 'uveHar' means 'and on the mountain', 'BeitEl' means 'house of God' (El = God), 'veelf' means 'and a thousand', 'hayu' means 'were', 'im' means 'with', 'Yonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'beGivat' means 'in the hill of', 'Binyamin' is the name Benjamin, 'veYeter' means 'and the rest', 'haam' means 'of the people', 'shillaH' means 'sent', 'ish' means 'a man', 'leOhalav' means 'to his tent'.
[1SA.13.3] And Jonathan struck the Philistine commander who was in Geba, and the Philistines heard, and Saul sounded the trumpet throughout the land, saying, 'Let the Hebrews hear.' [§]
Vayach Yonatan et Netsiv Pelishtim asher beGevah vayishmeu Pelishtim veShaul taká ba-shofar bekol ha-aretz le-emor yishmeu ha-ivrim.
'Vayach' means 'and he struck', 'Yonatan' is the personal name Jonathan, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Netsiv' means 'commander', 'Pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'asher' means 'who', 'beGevah' means 'in Geba', 'vayishmeu' means 'and they heard', 'veShaul' means 'and Saul', 'taká' means 'blowed' (sound), 'ba-shofar' means 'the trumpet', 'bekol ha-aretz' means 'throughout the land', 'le-emor' means 'to say', 'yishmeu' means 'that they may hear', 'ha-ivrim' means 'the Hebrews'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name is required.
[1SA.13.4] And all Israel heard, saying, 'Saul has struck the commander of the Philistines, and also Israel was humbled among the Philistines,' and the people shouted after Saul at Gilgal. [§]
vekal Yisrael shamu leemor hikka Shaul et netziv Pelishtim vegam-nivas Yisrael baPelishtim vayitzaku haam acharei Shaul haGilgal.
'vekal' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'shamu' means 'heard', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'hikka' means 'has struck' or 'has beaten', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'et' is the accusative marker, 'netziv' means 'commander' or 'officer', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'vegam' means 'and also', 'nivas' means 'was humbled' or 'was disgraced', 'baPelishtim' means 'among the Philistines', 'vayitzaku' means 'and they shouted' or 'cried out', 'haam' means 'the people', 'acharei' means 'after' or 'following', 'Shaul' again the name, 'haGilgal' means 'the Gilgal' (a place).
[1SA.13.5] And the Philistines gathered to fight with Israel, thirty thousand chariots and six thousand horsemen, and a multitude like sand that was on the seashore, for great number; and they went up and camped at Micmas, before the house of Aven. [§]
U'pilshitim ne'esfu le'hilachem im Yisrael shloshim elef rekhev ve'sheshet alafim parashim ve'am kachol asher al-sefat-hayam larov vayya'alu vayachanu be'mikmas kidmat beit aven.
'U'pilshitim' means 'And the Philistines'; 'ne'esfu' means 'gathered'; 'le'hilachem' means 'to fight'; 'im' means 'with'; 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'; 'shloshim' means 'thirty'; 'elef' means 'thousand'; 'rekhev' means 'chariots'; 've'sheshet' means 'and six'; 'alafim' means 'thousand'; 'parashim' means 'horsemen'; 've'am' means 'and a multitude'; 'kachol' means 'like sand'; 'asher' means 'that'; 'al-sefat-hayam' means 'on the seashore'; 'larov' means 'for great number'; 'vayya'alu' means 'and they went up'; 'vayachanu' means 'and they camped'; 'be'mikmas' means 'at Micmas'; 'kidmat' means 'before'; 'beit' means 'the house of'; 'aven' means 'Aven' (a place name).
[1SA.13.6] And a man of Israel saw because his distress because the people approached, and the people hid themselves in the caves and in pits and in the rocks and in cliffs and in streams. [§]
ve'ish Yisrael ra'u ki tzar-lo ki nigaš ha'am vayitchabbu ha'am ba'ma'arot u'vachavachim u'vas'le'im u'vatz'richim u'vabotor.
've'ish' means 'and a man', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ra'u' means 'saw', 'ki' means 'because', 'tzar-lo' means 'his distress', 'ki' means 'because', 'nigaš' means 'approached', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'vayitchabbu' means 'they hid themselves', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ba'ma'arot' means 'in the caves', 'u'vachavachim' means 'and in pits', 'u'vas'le'im' means 'and in the rocks', 'u'vatz'richim' means 'and in cliffs', 'u'vabotor' means 'and in streams'.
[1SA.13.7] And the Israelites crossed the Jordan, the land of Gad and Gilad, and Saul again was in Gilgal, and all the people pursued after him. [§]
ve-ivrim avru et-hayarden eretz Gad ve-Gil'ad ve-Shaul odenu bagilgal ve-chol haam hardu acharev.
've-ivrim' means 'and the Israelites', 'avru' means 'crossed', 'et-hayarden' means 'the Jordan', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Gad' is the name of a tribe, 've-Gil'ad' means 'and Gilad', 've-Shaul' means 'and Saul', 'odenu' means 'again', 'bagilgal' means 'in Gilgal', 've-chol' means 'and all', 'haam' means 'the people', 'hardu' means 'pursued', 'acharev' means 'after him'.
[1SA.13.8] And he waited seven days for the appointed time, which Samuel had set, and Samuel did not come to the Gilgal, and the people scattered away from him. [§]
Vayachel shiv'at yamim lamoad asher Shmuel velo-ba Shmuel haGilgal vayafetz haam me'alav.
'Vayachel' means 'and he waited', 'shiv'at' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days', 'lamoad' means 'for the appointed time', 'asher' means 'which', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'velo-ba' means 'and did not come', 'haGilgal' means 'the Gilgal', 'vayafetz' means 'and he scattered', 'haam' means 'the people', 'me'alav' means 'away from him'.
[1SA.13.9] And Saul said, Bring the burnt offering and the peace offerings to me, and he offered the burnt offering. [§]
Vayomer Shaul hagishu elai haolah vehashlemim vayaal haolah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'hagishu' means 'bring' (imperative plural), 'elai' means 'to me', 'haolah' means 'the burnt offering', 'vehashlemim' means 'and the peace offerings', 'vayaal' means 'and he offered/raised', the second 'haolah' repeats 'the burnt offering'.
[1SA.13.10] And it happened when he had finished offering the burnt offering, and behold Samuel came, and Saul went out to meet him to bless him. [§]
Vayehi kechaloto leha'alot ha-olah vehine Shmuel ba vayetse Shaul liqrato levarcho.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'kechaloto' means 'when he finished', 'leha'alot' means 'to offer', 'ha-olah' means 'the burnt offering', 've-hine' means 'and behold', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'ba' means 'came', 'vayetse' means 'and went out', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'liqrato' means 'to meet him', 'levarcho' means 'to bless him'.
[1SA.13.11] And Samuel said, 'What have you done?' And Saul said, 'Because I have seen that the people have been scattered from me, and you did not come to the appointed time of the days, and the Philistines are being gathered from Michmas.' [§]
Vayomer Shmuel mah asita vayomer Shaul ki ra'iti ki napatz ha'am me'ala'i ve'ata lo bat lemo'ed hayamim u'Plishtim ne'esafim michmas.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'mah' means 'what', 'asita' means 'you did', 'vayomer' again 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'ki' again 'that', 'napatz' means 'is broken' or 'is scattered', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'me'ala'i' means 'from me' or 'away from me', 've'ata' means 'and you', 'lo' means 'not', 'bat' (from 'bata') means 'you came', 'lemo'ed' means 'to the appointed time', 'hayamim' means 'of the days', 'u'Plishtim' means 'and the Philistines', 'ne'esafim' means 'are gathering' or 'are being gathered', 'michmas' is a place name meaning 'from Michmas'.
[1SA.13.12] I said, Now let the Philistines go down to me at Gilgal, and I have not turned away from Yahveh's presence; I have despised, and I will raise the offering. [§]
vaomar atah yeredu plishtim elai hagilgal ufeney yahveh lo chiliti vaetapek va'aleh haolah.
'vaomar' means 'I said', 'atah' means 'now', 'yeredu' means 'they will go down', 'plishtim' means 'Philistines', 'elai' means 'to me', 'hagilgal' means 'the Gilgal', 'ufeney' means 'the presence of', 'yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'lo' means 'not', 'chiliti' means 'I have not spared' or 'I have not turned away', 'vaetapek' means 'and I despised' or 'and I turned away', 'va'aleh' means 'and I will bring up', 'haolah' means 'the offering'.
[1SA.13.13] And Samuel said to Saul, You have perverted, you have not kept the command of Yahveh your God which He commanded you, because now Yahveh has prepared your kingdom to Israel forever. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel el Shaul nisgalta lo shamarata et mitzvat Yahveh Elohecha asher tzivach ki attah hechin Yahveh et memalkatecha al Yisrael ad olam.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'nisgalta' means 'you have perverted', 'lo' means 'not', 'shamarata' means 'you kept', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no translation), 'mitzvat' means 'commandment of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHWH, 'Elohecha' means 'your God', 'asher' means 'which', 'tzivach' means 'He commanded you', 'ki' means 'because', 'atah' means 'now', 'hechin' means 'has prepared', 'memalkatecha' means 'your kingdom', 'al' means 'to', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ad' means 'forever', 'olam' means 'everlasting'.
[1SA.13.14] And now your kingdom will not arise; Yahveh will seek a man according to his heart, and Yahveh commanded him to be a ruler over his people because you did not keep what Yahveh commanded. [§]
ve'atah mamlaqt'cha lo-takum biqesh Yahveh lo ish kil'vavo vayetzavehu Yahveh lenagid al-amo ki lo shamarta et asher tzivkha Yahveh.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'mamlaqt'cha' means 'your kingdom', 'lo-takum' means 'will not arise', 'biqesh' means 'will seek', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lo' means 'for him' or 'to', 'ish' means 'a man', 'kil'vavo' means 'according to his heart', 'vayetzavehu' means 'and he commanded him', 'lenagid' means 'to a ruler', 'al-amo' means 'over his people', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'you did not', 'shamarta' means 'keep' or 'guard', 'et' is an accusative particle (not rendered in English), 'asher' means 'what/that which', 'tzivkha' means 'you were commanded', and the final 'Yahveh' again is the name of God.
[1SA.13.15] And Samuel arose and went up from Gilgal the hill of Benjamin, and he appointed Saul over the people who were found with him, about six hundred men. [§]
vayyakam Shmuel vayya'al min ha Gilgal gibat Binyamin vayifkod Shaul et ha am ha nimtzeim imo keshesh me'ot ish.
'vayyakam' means 'and he arose', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'vayya'al' means 'and he went up', 'min' means 'from', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'Gilgal' is a place name, 'gibat' means 'hill of', 'Binyamin' is the personal name Benjamin, 'vayifkod' means 'and he appointed', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'ha' means 'the', 'am' means 'people', 'ha nimtzeim' means 'who were found', 'im' means 'with', 'o' means 'him', 'ke' means 'about', 'shesh' means 'six', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'ish' means 'man' or 'men'.
[1SA.13.16] And Saul and Jonathan his son and the people who were with them were sitting on a hill of Benjamin, and the Philistines were camped at Micmas. [§]
veShaul veYonatan beno veha'am ha-nimtza imam yoshev'im be-gevah Binyamin u-pleishtim chanu be-mikmas.
've' means 'and', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 've' again is 'and', 'Yonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'beno' means 'his son', 've' again 'and', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ha-nimtza' means 'the ones found' or 'the ones who were present', 'imam' means 'with them', 'yoshev'im' means 'sitting' or 'were sitting', 'be-gevah' means 'on a hill', 'Binyamin' is the region Benjamin, 'u' means 'and', 'pleishtim' means 'Philistines', 'chanu' means 'were camped', 'be-mikmas' means 'at Micmas'.
[1SA.13.17] And the destroyer went out from the camp of the Philistines three leaders; the first head will turn toward the dusty road to the land of the foxes. [§]
Va-yetze ha-mashchit mi-michaneh ha-Philistim sheloshah rashim ha-rosh echad yifneh el-derakh aferah el-aretz shu'al.
'Va-yetze' means 'and went out', 'ha-mashchit' means 'the destroyer', 'mi-michaneh' means 'from the camp', 'ha-Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'sheloshah' means 'three', 'rashim' means 'leaders' or 'heads', 'ha-rosh' means 'the head', 'echad' means 'one' or 'first', 'yifneh' means 'will turn' or 'will face', 'el-derakh' means 'toward the road', 'aferah' means 'dusty' or 'dust', 'el-aretz' means 'to the land', 'shu'al' means 'fox' (here understood as 'foxes').
[1SA.13.18] And the one head will turn the road of the house of Horon, and the one head will turn the road of the border that is reflected upon the side of the desert reeds. [§]
veha rosh echad yifneh derech beit horon veha rosh echad yifneh derech ha gevul ha nishkaf al gi ha tzvoim ha midraba.
'veha' means 'and the', 'rosh' means 'head', 'echad' means 'one', 'yifneh' means 'will turn', 'derech' means 'road', 'beit' means 'house of', 'horon' is a proper name, 'ha' means 'the', 'gevul' means 'border', 'ha nishkaf' means 'the reflected', 'al' means 'upon', 'gi' means 'side', 'ha tzvoim' means 'the desert reeds', 'ha midraba' means 'the desert'.
[1SA.13.19] And no smith shall be found in the whole land of Israel, for the Philistines said, 'Lest the Hebrews make a sword or a dagger.' [§]
vecharash lo yimmatse bechol eretz yisrael ki-amaru plishtim pen yaasu haivrim cherev o chanit.
'vecharash' means 'and a craftsman' or 'smith', 'lo' means 'not', 'yimmatse' means 'will be found', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'eretz' means 'land', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ki-amaru' means 'for they said', 'plishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yaasu' means 'they make', 'haivrim' means 'the Hebrews', 'cherev' means 'sword', 'o' means 'or', 'chanit' means 'dagger'.
[1SA.13.20] And all Israel and the Philistines went down to strip a man of his workshop and his ... and his ... and his ... [§]
Vayyeredu kol Yisrael ha-Philistim lilltosh ish et macharashto ve-et eito ve-et kardummo ve-et macharesho.
'Vayyeredu' means 'and they went down', 'kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ha-Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'lilltosh' means 'to strip' or 'to plunder', 'ish' means 'a man', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'macharashto' likely means 'his workshop' or 'his tool', 'eito' is uncertain but appears to be a pronoun meaning 'his ...', 'kardummo' is also uncertain, and 'macharesho' is likewise unclear. The phrase as a whole conveys that they went down to strip a man of his possessions.
[1SA.13.21] And it shall be that the spreading shall be for the mouths of the craftsmen, and for the elders, and for the three knots, and for the cardinals, and for setting the field. [§]
vehaytah ha-petzirah phim lamachreshot ve-la-etim ve-li-shlosh kilshon u-le-hakardummim u-le-hatziv hadarban.
've' means 'and', 'haytah' means 'it shall be', 'ha-petzirah' means 'the spreading' or 'the opening', 'phim' is an idiom meaning 'for the mouths' (literally 'to the mouths'), 'lamachreshot' means 'for the craftsmen/artisans', 've-la-etim' means 'and for the elders' (etim being an obscure plural noun for senior persons), 've-li-shlosh' means 'and for the three', 'kilshon' is a rare term interpreted as 'knots' or 'bindings', 'u-le-hakardummim' means 'and for the kardummim', a word understood as 'cardinals' or 'chief birds', and 'u-le-hatziv hadarban' means 'and for setting the field' (darban = field, hatziv = the setting or placement).
[1SA.13.22] And it shall be on the day of battle that no sword nor spear shall be found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan; and it was found for Saul and Jonathan in his son. [§]
Ve-hayah be-yom milchemet ve-lo nimtza cherev ve-chanit be-yad kol ha-am asher et-Shaul ve-et-Yonatan va-timmatsa le-Shaul u-le-Yonatan be-no.
'Ve-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'be-yom' means 'in the day', 'milchemet' means 'of battle', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'nimtza' means 'found', 'cherev' means 'sword', 've-chanit' means 'and spear', 'be-yad' means 'in the hand', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'et-Shaul' means 'Saul (as a proper name)', 've-et-Yonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'va-timmatsa' means 'and it was found', 'le-Shaul' means 'for Saul', 'u-le-Yonatan' means 'and for Jonathan', 'be-no' means 'in his (son)'.
[1SA.13.23] And the host of the Philistines went out to the crossing of Mikmas. [§]
Vayetze matzav pelishtim el maavar mikmas.
'Vayetze' means 'and went out', 'matzav' means 'host' or 'troop', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'el' means 'to', 'maavar' means 'crossing', 'mikmas' is a proper place name (Mikmas).
1SA.14
[1SA.14.1] And it happened on the day that Jonathan son of Saul said to the young man who was carrying his equipment, Go, let us cross over to the Philistines' position that is beyond the valley, and his father was not told. [§]
Vayehi hayom vayomer Yonatan ben Shaul el hanna'ar nose kelav lecha venavbera el matsav Pelishtim asher meever ha-laz uleviov lo higid.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'ben Shaul' means 'son of Saul', 'el' means 'to', 'hanna'ar' means 'the young man', 'nose' means 'carrying', 'kelav' means 'his equipment', 'lecha' means 'go', 'venavbera' means 'let us cross over', 'el' means 'to', 'matsav' means 'position' or 'place', 'Pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'asher' means 'that', 'meever' means 'beyond', 'ha-laz' means 'the valley', 'uleviov' means 'to his father', 'lo' means 'not', 'higid' means 'he told'.
[1SA.14.2] And Saul was sitting at the end of the hill beneath Rimmon which is in Migron, and the people who were with him were six hundred men. [§]
ve-shaul yoshev bi-ketzeh ha-giv'ah tachat ha-rimmon asher be-migron ve-ha'am asher immo ke-sheesh me'ot ish.
've-shaul' means 'and Saul', 'yoshev' means 'was sitting' or 'dwelt', 'bi-ketzeh' means 'at the end of', 'ha-giv'ah' means 'the hill', 'tachat' means 'under' or 'beneath', 'ha-rimmon' is a proper name 'Rimmon', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'be-migron' means 'in Migron', 've-ha'am' means 'and the people', second 'asher' means 'who', 'immo' means 'with him', 'ke-sheesh' means 'as six', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'ish' means 'man' or 'person'.
[1SA.14.3] And Achiyah son of Achituv, brother of Ikkavod, son of Pinchas son of Eli, priest of Yahveh, in Shiloh, bearer of the ephod, and the people did not know that Jonathan had gone. [§]
Vaachi-ya ben-Achituv achi Ikkavod ben-Pinchas ben-Eli kohen Yahveh be-Shiloh noseh ephod vehaam lo yada ki halakh Yonatan.
'Vaachi-ya' means 'and Achiyah', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Achituv' is a personal name, 'achi' means 'brother', 'Ikkavod' is a personal name, 'Pinchas' is a personal name, 'Eli' is a personal name, 'kohen' means 'priest', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'be-Shiloh' means 'in Shiloh', 'noseh' means 'bearing' or 'carrying', 'ephod' is a priestly garment, 'vehaam' means 'and the people', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada' means 'knew', 'ki' means 'that', 'halakh' means 'went' or 'walked', 'Yonatan' is a personal name.
[1SA.14.4] And between the passes that Jonathan was trying to cross over, at the Philistine camp, there was a stone tooth on one side and a stone tooth on the other side; one was called Botsatz and the other was called Seneh. [§]
uvbein hamavrot asher bikesh Yonatan laavor al matzav Philistim Shen ha-sela meha-ever mizzeh ve-shen ha-sela meha-ever mizzeh ve-shem ha-echad botsetz ve-shem ha-echad seneh.
'uvbein' means 'and between', 'hamavrot' means 'the passes/ crossings', 'asher' means 'that', 'bikesh' means 'was seeking', 'Yonatan' is the proper name Jonathan, 'laavor' means 'to go over', 'al' means 'on/over', 'matzav' means 'position' or 'camp', 'Philistim' means 'Philistines', 'Shen' means 'tooth', 'ha-sela' means 'the stone', 'meha-ever' means 'from the other side', 'mizzeh' means 'here' or 'this', 've-shen' means 'and tooth', the second 'ha-sela' and 'meha-ever' repeat, the second 'mizzeh' repeats, 've-shem' means 'and the name', 'ha-echad' means 'the one', 'botsetz' is a proper name (literally 'the one who pierces'), 've-shem' again 'and the name', 'ha-echad' again 'the other one', 'seneh' is a proper name (literally 'the branch' or 'the thorn'). No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translation rules for God are applied.
[1SA.14.5] The tooth the one cast from the north before Mickmas, and the one from the south before the hill. [§]
Hashen ha'echad matsuk mitsafon mul mickmas veha'echad minagev mul gava.
'Hashen' means 'the tooth', 'ha'echad' means 'the one', 'matsuk' means 'cast' or 'molded', 'mitsafon' means 'from the north', 'mul' means 'before' or 'opposite', 'mickmas' is a proper name (likely a place), 'veha'echad' means 'and the one', 'minagev' means 'from the south', 'mul' again means 'before', and 'gava' means 'hill'.
[1SA.14.6] And Jonathan said to the boy bearing his baggage, "Come, let us go over to the place of these threshing floors, perhaps Yahveh will act for us, for there is no obstacle for Yahveh to save in great or in small times." [§]
Vayomer Yonatan el-hana'ar nosei kelav lecha ve-na'avra el-matzav ha-arelim ha'eleh ulai ya'aseh Yahveh lanu ki ein la-Yahveh ma'atzor le-hoshia berav u-ve-me'at.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yonatan' is the proper name Jonathan, 'el' means 'to', 'ha'ana'ar' means 'the boy', 'nosei' means 'bearing', 'kelav' means 'his baggage', 'lecha' means 'come', 've' means 'and', 'na'avra' means 'let us go over', 'el' means 'to', 'matzav' means 'the place', 'ha-arelim' means 'the threshing floors', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'ulai' means 'perhaps', 'ya'aseh' means 'he will do', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lanu' means 'for us', 'ki' means 'because', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'ma'atzor' means 'obstacle', 'le-hoshia' means 'to save', 'be-rav' means 'in great [times]', 'u-ve-me'at' means 'and in small [times]'.
[1SA.14.7] And he said to the one who bears his vessel, 'Do whatever is in your heart; stretch out boldly, for I am with you with all your heart.' [§]
Vayomer lo noseh kelav aseh kol‑asher bilvavecha neteh lakh hineni imcha kilevavecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'noseh' means 'the one who bears' or 'carries', 'kelav' means 'his vessel' (idiomatic for a traveler or one on a journey), 'aseh' means 'do' or 'perform', 'kol‑asher' means 'all that', 'bilvavecha' means 'is in your heart', 'neteh' means 'stretch out' or 'extend', 'lakh' means 'to you' (feminine form used here idiomatically), 'hineni' means 'here I am' or 'behold, I am', 'imcha' means 'with you', and 'kilevavecha' means 'as your heart' (literally 'with your heart'). The phrase 'noseh kelav' is an idiom for a person on a personal mission, and 'neteh lakh' is an urging to act boldly.
[1SA.14.8] And Jonathan said, Behold, we are going to the men and we will be revealed to them. [§]
Vayomer Yonatan hineh anachnu ovrim el ha'anashim ve-niglim aleihem.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yonatan' is the personal name Jonathan, 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'ovrim' means 'are passing' or 'are going', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 've-niglim' means 'and we will be seen or revealed', 'aleihem' means 'to them'.
[1SA.14.9] If thus they say to us, be silent until we have arrived to you, and we will stand beneath us and not ascend to them. [§]
Im-ko yomru eileinu domu ad-hagieinu aleichem ve'amadnu tachteinu velo na'aleh aleihem.
'Im' means 'if', 'koko' means 'thus' or 'so'. 'Yomru' means 'they will say'. 'Eileinu' means 'to us'. 'Domu' (from the root dumm) means 'be silent' or 'hold silence'. 'Ad' means 'until'. 'Hagieinu' (from gahah) means 'we arrive' or 'we have reached'. 'Aleichem' means 'to you (plural)'. 'Ve'amadnu' means 'and we will stand'. 'Tachteinu' means 'under us' or 'beneath us'. 'Velo' means 'and not'. 'Na'aleh' means 'we will go up' or 'we will ascend'. 'Aleihem' means 'to them'. No divine name appears in this verse, so the prescribed literal translations for names of God are not used here.
[1SA.14.10] And if thus they say, 'upon us and upon us, because Yahveh gave them into our hand, and this is for us the sign.' [§]
ve'im koh yomru alu aleinu ve'alinu ki natanam Yahveh be-yadeinu ve'zeh lanu haot.
've''im' means 'and if', 'koh' means 'thus', 'yomru' means 'they say', 'alu' means 'upon', 'aleinu' means 'us', 've''alinu' means 'and upon us', 'ki' means 'because', 'natanam' means 'He gave them', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'be-yadeinu' means 'in our hand', 've''zeh' means 'and this', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'haot' means 'the sign'.
[1SA.14.11] Both of them went out to the Philistine camp, and the Philistines said, 'Look, the Hebrews are coming out from the holes where they hid there.' [§]
vayyigalu shneihem el-mattsav pelishtim vayomeru pelishtim hineh ivrim yotzei min-hachorim asher hitchabbu sham.
'vayyigalu' means 'and they went out', 'shneihem' means 'both of them', 'el-mattsav' means 'to the position/camp', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'hineh' means 'behold' or 'look', 'ivrim' means 'Hebrews/Israelites', 'yotzei' means 'are coming out', 'min-hachorim' means 'from the holes', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hitchabbu' means 'they hid', 'sham' means 'there'.
[1SA.14.12] And the men of the guard answered Jonathan and the carrier of his vessels and they said, Come up to us and we will inform you of a matter here. Then Jonathan said to the carrier of his vessels, Go after me, for Yahveh has given them into the hand of Israel. [§]
Vaya'anu anshei hamatzavah et Yonatan ve et Nosei kelav vayomru alu elenu venodi'ah etchem davar po yomar Yonatan el Nosei kelav aleh acharai ki natan Yahveh be yad Yisrael.
'Vaya'anu' means 'and they answered', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'hamatzavah' means 'the guard', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Yonatan' is the name Jonathan, 've' means 'and', the second 'et' is another direct‑object marker, 'Nosei' means 'carrier', 'kelav' means 'his vessels', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'alu' means 'come up', 'elenu' means 'to us', 'venodi'ah' means 'and we will inform', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'davar' means 'thing' or 'matter', 'po' means 'here', 'yomar' means 'he will say', 'el' means 'to', the second 'Nosei' again 'carrier', the second 'kelav' again 'his vessels', 'aleh' means 'go up', 'acharai' means 'after me', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'natan' means 'gave', 'Yahveh' is the rendering of the divine name YHVH, 'be' means 'in' or 'into', 'yad' means 'hand', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[1SA.14.13] And Jonathan went up upon his hands and upon his feet, and carrying his vessels behind him; and they fell before Jonathan, and carrying his vessels caused death behind him. [§]
vayyA'al Yonatan al-yadav ve-al-raglav ve-noseh kelav akharav vayip'lu lifnei Yonatan ve-noseh kelav memotet akharav.
'vayyA'al' means 'and he went up', 'Yonatan' is the personal name Jonathan, 'al-yadav' means 'upon his hands', 've-al-raglav' means 'and upon his feet', 've-noseh' means 'and carrying', 'kelav' means 'his vessels', 'akharav' means 'behind him', 'vayip'lu' means 'and they fell', 'lifnei' means 'before', the second 've-noseh kelav' repeats 'and carrying his vessels', 'memotet' is a verb form meaning 'caused to die' or 'dead', and the final 'akharav' again means 'behind him'.
[1SA.14.14] And it was the first blow that Jonathan struck and bearing his vessels as twenty men as half a measure of a field team. [§]
vattehi hamakka harishonah asher hikka Yonatan venose kelav ke'esrim ish kebachatsi ma'ana tzemed sade
'vattehi' means 'and it was', 'hamakka' means 'the blow', 'harishonah' means 'the first', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hikka' means 'he struck', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'venose' means 'and bearing', 'kelav' means 'his vessels', 'ke'esrim' means 'as twenty', 'ish' means 'men', 'kebachatsi' means 'as half', 'ma'ana' means 'a measure', 'tzemed' means 'a team', 'sade' means 'field'.
[1SA.14.15] And there was a rebellion in the camp in the field, and among all the people the situation and the destroyer also rebelled; the earth shook, and it became a rebellion of the Gods. [§]
va-tehi charadah ba-machaneh ba-sadeh u-ve-khol ha'am ha-matzav ve-ha-mashchit chardu gam-hem va-tirgaz ha-aretz va-tehi le-cherdat Elohim.
'va-tehi' means 'and it was', 'charadah' means 'a rebellion' or 'disturbance', 'ba-machaneh' means 'in the camp', 'ba-sadeh' means 'in the field', 'u-ve-khol ha'am' means 'and among all the people', 'ha-matzav' means 'the situation' or 'the standing', 've-ha-mashchit' means 'and the destroyer', 'chardu' means 'they rebelled', 'gam-hem' means 'also they', 'va-tirgaz' means 'and it shook', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth', 'va-tehi' means 'and it was', 'le-cherdat' means 'for rebellion of', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'.
[1SA.14.16] The watchmen saw Saul in the hill of Benjamin, and behold, the crowd was gathered, and he went, and he was amazed. [§]
vayyirvu hatsopim leshaul begivat binyamin vehineh hehamon namog vayelekh vahalom.
'vayyirvu' means 'they saw', 'hatsopim' means 'the watchmen', 'leshaul' means 'to Saul', 'begivat' means 'in the hill of', 'binyamin' means 'Benjamin', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'hehamon' means 'the crowd', 'namog' means 'was gathered', 'vayelekh' means 'he went', 'vahalom' means 'and he was amazed'.
[1SA.14.17] And Saul said to the people who were with him, 'Select now and see who went out from among us'; and they selected, and behold, Jonathan was not there, nor was the bearer of the skins.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul laam asher ito pikdu-na ureu mi halakh mei'immanu vayipkedu vehine eyn Yonatan venoseh kelav.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' means the name Saul, 'laam' means 'to the people', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'ito' means 'with him', 'pikdu-na' means 'select (imperative) now', 'ureu' means 'and see', 'mi' means 'who', 'halakh' means 'went out', 'mei'immanu' means 'from among us', 'vayipkedu' means 'and they selected', 'vehine' means 'and behold', 'eyn' means 'there is not/none', 'Yonatan' means the name Jonathan, 'venoseh' means 'and the bearer', 'kelav' means 'of the skins'.
[1SA.14.18] And Saul said to Ahijah, Bring forth the ark of the Gods, for the ark of the Gods was on that day among the children of Israel. [§]
Vayomer Shaul laAhiyah haggisha aron haElohim ki haya aron haElohim bayom hahu uveney Yisrael.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'laAhiyah' means 'to Ahijah', 'haggisha' means 'bring forth', 'aron' means 'ark', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'haya' means 'was', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'uveney' means 'the children of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'. The divine name 'Elohim' is rendered literally as 'the Gods' according to the given translation rule.
[1SA.14.19] And it happened that Saul spoke to the priest, and the hamon who was in the camp of the Philistines, and he went walking and many, then Saul said to the priest, 'Extend your hand.' [§]
Vayehi ad diber Shaul el ha-kohen veha-hamon asher be-machane felishtim vayelech halo'ach va-rav po vayomer Shaul el ha-kohen esof yadekha.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ad' means 'until', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'el' means 'to', 'ha-kohen' means 'the priest', 'veha-hamon' means 'and the hamon' (a proper name), 'asher' means 'who', 'be-machane' means 'in the camp', 'felishtim' means 'of the Philistines', 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'halo'ach' means 'walking', 'va-rav' means 'and many', 'po' means 'then', 'vayomer' means 'he said', 'esof' means 'extend', 'yadekha' means 'your hand'.
[1SA.14.20] And Saul cried out, and all the people who were with him came to the battle, and behold, there was a man's sword against him, a very great one. [§]
vayizak Shaul vechol ha'am asher ito vayavu ad ha-milchamah vehineh hayta cherev ish bre'ehu mehumah gdolah meod.
'vayizak' means 'and he cried out', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'vechol' means 'and all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'with him', 'vayavu' means 'and they came', 'ad' means 'to', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the battle', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'hayta' means 'there was', 'cherev' means 'a sword', 'ish' means 'a man', 'bre'ehu' means 'against him', 'mehumah' means 'a great [thing] or massive', 'gdolah' means 'great', 'meod' means 'very much'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translation of God names is needed.
[1SA.14.21] And the Israelites were to the Philistines as yesterday and three days ago that they went with them in the camp around, and also they were to be with Israel who was with Saul and Jonathan. [§]
vehaivrim hayu lafplistim keetmol shilshom asher aloo imam bamachaneh saviv vegam-hem liheyot im Yisrael asher im Shaul veyonatan.
've' means 'and', 'haivrim' means 'the Israelites', 'hayu' means 'were', 'lafplistim' means 'to the Philistines', 'keetmol' means 'as yesterday', 'shilshom' means 'the day before yesterday' (literally 'three days ago'), 'asher' means 'that/which', 'aloo' means 'they went up/arrived', 'imam' means 'with them', 'bamachaneh' means 'in the camp', 'saviv' means 'around', 'vegam' means 'also', 'hem' means 'they', 'liheyot' means 'to be', 'im' means 'with', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' again means 'who/that', 'im' again 'with', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 've' means 'and', 'Yonatan' is the name Jonathan.
[1SA.14.22] And all the men of Israel who were hiding in the mountain of Ephraim heard that the Philistines had fled, and they also joined them in battle. [§]
vechol ish Yisrael hamitchabim behar-Ephraim shamu ki-nasu pelistim vayadbeku gam-hemma achareihem bammilchamah.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'ish' means 'man', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hamitchabim' means 'who were hiding', 'behar-Ephraim' means 'in the mountain of Ephraim', 'shamu' means 'they heard', 'ki-nasu' means 'because they fled', 'pelistim' means 'Philistines', 'vayadbeku' means 'and they joined', 'gam-hemma' means 'also them', 'achareihem' means 'after them', 'bammilchamah' means 'in battle'.
[1SA.14.23] And Yahveh saved Israel on that day, and the war passed over the house of wickedness. [§]
Vayosha Yahveh ba-yom ha-hu et Yisrael ve-hamilchamah avrah et beit Aven.
'Vayosha' means 'and he saved', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'et' is a direct object marker (untranslated), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-hamilchamah' means 'and the war', 'avrah' means 'passed over', 'beit' means 'house', 'Aven' means 'wickedness' or 'evil'.
[1SA.14.24] And a man of Israel approached on that day and Saul addressed the people, saying, "Cursed is the man who will eat bread until the evening, and I will avenge [my] enemies, and the whole people will not taste bread." [§]
Veish Yisrael niga's ba'yom hahu vayyoel Shaul et haam le'emor arur haish asher yo'chal lechem ad haerev venikamti meoyvai velo taam kol haam lechem.
'Veish' means 'and a man', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'niga's' means 'approached' or 'came near', 'ba'yom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that (day)', 'vayyoel' means 'and he said/addressed', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'et haam' means 'the people', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'arur' means 'cursed', 'haish' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'yo'chal' means 'will eat', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'ad' means 'until', 'haerev' means 'the evening', 'venikamti' means 'and I will avenge', 'meoyvai' means 'from my enemies', 'velo' means 'and not', 'taam' means 'taste', 'kol haam' means 'all the people', 'lechem' means 'bread'.
[1SA.14.25] And all the land went into the forest and there was honey on the surface of the field. [§]
vekholl haaretz ba'u bayaar vayhi devash al-penei hasadeh.
'vekholl' means 'and all', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'ba\'u' means 'came' or 'went', 'bayaar' means 'into the forest', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'devash' means 'honey', 'al-penei' means 'on the face of', 'hasadeh' means 'the field'.
[1SA.14.26] And the people came to the forest, and behold a calf, and its hand could not reach its mouth, because the people feared the oath. [§]
Vayavo haam el hayaar ve-hineh heilech devash ve-ein masig yado el piyo ki yarei haam et hashvuah.
'Vayavo' means 'and (he/they) came', 'haam' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'hayaar' means 'the forest', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'heilech' means 'was' or 'went', 'devash' means 'a calf', 've-ein' means 'and there was not', 'masig' means 'reaching', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'el' means 'to', 'piyo' means 'its mouth', 'ki' means 'because', 'yarei' means 'the people feared', 'haam' means 'the people', 'et' is the accusative marker, 'hashvuah' means 'the oath'.
[1SA.14.27] And Jonathan did not listen when he promised his father concerning the people, and he sent the end of the staff that was in his hand, and he dipped it in the honeycomb, and he placed his hand to his mouth, and his eyes were swollen. [§]
veyonatan lo shama behashbia aviv et haam vayishlach et ketzeh ha-matte asher beyado vayitbol otah beyaarat hadevas vayashav yado elpi vatarona einav.
've' means 'and', 'yonatan' means the name Jonathan, 'lo' means 'not', 'shama' means 'listen', 'behashbia' means 'when he promised', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'haam' means 'the people', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'ketzeh' means 'end', 'ha-matte' means 'of the staff', 'asher' means 'which', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'vayitbol' means 'and he dipped', 'otah' means 'it', 'beyaarat' means 'in the honeycomb', 'hadevas' means 'the honey', 'vayashav' means 'and he placed', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'elpi' means 'to his mouth', 'vatarona' means 'and it appeared', 'einav' means 'his eyes'.
[1SA.14.28] And a man from the people answered and said, 'He who fed your father the people,' saying, 'Cursed is the man who will eat today’s bread,' and the people were angry. [§]
vayya'an ish meha'am vayomer hashbe'a hishbia avikha et ha'am le'emor arur ha'ish asher yo'chal lechem hayom vayaa'af ha'am.
'vayya'an' means 'and answered', 'ish' means 'a man', 'meha'am' means 'from the people', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'hashbe'a' means 'the one who satisfies' or 'the satiety', 'hishbia' means 'who fed', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'arur' means 'cursed', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'yo'chal' means 'will eat', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'hayom' means 'today', 'vayya'af' means 'and (he) made angry' i.e., 'the people became angry'.
[1SA.14.29] And Jonathan said, 'My father has delayed the land; behold, I have set my eyes, for I have tasted a little of this honey.' [§]
Vayomer Yonatan: 'Achar avi et-haretz; re’u-na ki oru einei ki ta’amti meat d'vash hazeh.'
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'Achar' means 'delayed' or 'hindered', 'avi' means 'my father', 'et-haretz' means 'the land', 're\'u-na' means 'see, please' or 'behold', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'oru' means 'I have set' (as in set my eyes), 'einei' means 'my eyes', 'ta\'amti' means 'I have tasted', 'meat' means 'a little', 'd'vash' means 'honey', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[1SA.14.30] Indeed, if I do not eat, I will eat today the people’s plunder of their enemies that I have found, because now the strike by the Philistines has not increased. [§]
Af ki lu ochel achal hayom haam mishal oyivav asher matza ki attah lo-ravta makah ba-plishtim.
'Af' means 'indeed' or 'even', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'lu' means 'if not', 'oche[l]' means 'I will eat', 'achal' means 'eat', 'hayom' means 'today', 'haam' means 'the people', 'mishal' means 'spoils' or 'plunder', 'oyivav' means 'their enemies', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'matza' means 'found', 'ki' again means 'because', 'attah' means 'now', 'lo' means 'not', 'ravta' means 'increased' or 'great', 'makah' means 'blow' or 'strike', 'ba-plishtim' means 'by the Philistines'.
[1SA.14.31] And they struck that day against the Philistines from Mikkmas Ayylona and the people fled greatly. [§]
Vayyakhu bayyom hahu bapalistim mimikmas ayyalona vayaf ha'am me'od.
'Vayyakhu' means 'and they struck', 'bayyom hahu' means 'that day', 'bapalistim' means 'against the Philistines', 'mimikmas' means 'from Mikkmas', 'ayyalona' is a proper name preserved as is, 'vayaf' means 'and fled', 'ha'am' means 'the people', and 'me'od' means 'greatly' or 'very much'.
[1SA.14.32] And the people made the plunder, and they took sheep and cattle and the young of cattle, and they slaughtered the land, and the people ate on the blood. [§]
Vayaas haam el-hashalal vayikhu tzon uvar uvenei var vayishchatu aretsa vayyochal haam al-hadam.
'Vayaas' means 'and (they) made', 'haam' means 'the people', 'el-hashalal' means 'the plunder' or 'the spoil', 'vayikhu' means 'and they took', 'tzon' means 'sheep', 'uvar' means 'and cattle', 'uvenei var' means 'and the young of cattle', 'vayishchatu' means 'and they slaughtered', 'aretsa' means 'the land', 'vayyochal' means 'and (they) ate', 'haam' means 'the people', 'al-hadam' means 'on the blood'.
[1SA.14.33] They reported to Saul, saying, Behold, the people are sinning against Yahveh to eat upon the blood. And he said, You have betrayed [them]; throw to me today a great stone. [§]
vayagidu leShaul le'emor: hineh ha'am chot'im laYahveh le'ekhol al-hadamm; vayomer: begadtem, gollu elai hayom even gedolah.
'vayagidu' means 'they reported', 'leShaul' means 'to Saul', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'chot'im' means 'are sinning', 'laYahveh' means 'against Yahveh', 'le'ekhol' means 'to eat', 'al-hadamm' means 'upon the blood', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'begadtem' means 'you have betrayed', 'gollu' means 'throw', 'elai' means 'to me', 'hayom' means 'this day', 'even' means 'stone', 'gedolah' means 'great'.
[1SA.14.34] And Saul said, 'Dispatch the people and tell them to bring to me a man with a horse and a man with his spear, and you shall slaughter them there and eat, and you will not sin against Yahveh by eating the blood.' Then all the people came, a man with a horse in his hand, that night, and they slaughtered him there. [§]
Vayomer Shaul putsu ba'am ve'amartem lahem hagishu elai ish shoro ve'ish si'hu veshachtetem bazeh ve'achaltam velo-techetu laYahveh le'echol el-hadamm vayagishu kol-ha'am ish shoro beyado halayla vayishchatzu-sham.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'putsu' means 'dispatch', 'ba'am' means 'the people', 've'amartem' means 'and you will tell', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'hagishu' means 'bring', 'elai' means 'to me', 'ish' means 'a man', 'shoro' means 'with a horse' (or 'his horse'), 've' means 'and', 'ish' again 'a man', 'si'hu' means 'with his weapon' (i.e., 'his spear'), 'veshachtetem' means 'and you shall slaughter', 'bazeh' means 'there', 've' means 'and', 'achaltam' means 'you will eat', 'velo' means 'and not', 'techetu' means 'you shall sin', 'laYahveh' means 'against Yahveh', 'le'echol' means 'to eat', 'el-hadamm' means 'the blood', 'vayagishu' means 'and they came', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'ish' means 'a man', 'shoro' again 'with a horse', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'halayla' means 'that night', 'vayishchatzu' means 'and they slaughtered', '-sham' means 'there'.
[1SA.14.35] And Saul built an altar to Yahveh; he began to build an altar to Yahveh. [§]
Vayiven Shaul mizbeach laYahveh oto hechel livnot mizbeach laYahveh.
'Vayiven' means 'and he built', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'mizbeach' means 'altar', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'oto' means 'it', 'hechel' means 'he began', 'livnot' means 'to build'.
[1SA.14.36] And Saul said, Let us go down after the Philistines by night and strike them until the light of morning, and no man will remain among them. And they said, Whatever is good in your eyes, do it. So the priest said, Let us now offer to the Gods. [§]
vayomer Shaul neredah acharai felistim layla venavozah bahem ad-or haboker velo-nasher bahem ish vayomeru kol-hatav be'einecha ase so vayomer hakohen nikreva halom el-haelohim.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'neredah' means 'let us go down', 'acharai' means 'after' or 'behind', 'felistim' means 'the Philistines', 'layla' means 'night', 'venavozah' means 'and we will strike', 'bahem' means 'them', 'ad-or' means 'until light', 'haboker' means 'of morning', 'velo-nasher' means 'and not remain', 'bahem' again 'among them', 'ish' means 'a man' (here 'no man'), 'vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'kol-hatav' means 'all that is good', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'ase' means 'do', 'so' is a connective meaning 'so', 'vayomer' means 'he said', 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 'nikreva' means 'let us offer', 'halom' means 'now', 'el-haelohim' means 'to the Gods' (Elohim translated literally as 'the Gods').
[1SA.14.37] Saul inquired of the Gods, saying, 'Will I be handed over to the Philistines, will I be given into the hand of Israel?' and He did not answer him that day. [§]
Vayish'al Shaul beElohim ha'ered acharei Plishtim hatit'nem be'yad Yisrael velo anahu ba'yom ha'hu.
'Vayish'al' means 'and he asked', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'beElohim' means 'of the Gods' (Elohim translated as 'the Gods'), 'ha'ered' means 'who goes down', 'acharei' means 'after', 'Plishtim' means 'Philistines', 'hatit'nem' means 'will you give them', 'be'yad' means 'into the hand of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'velo' means 'and not', 'anahu' means 'answered him', 'ba'yom' means 'in the day', 'ha'hu' means 'that'.
[1SA.14.38] And Saul said, Be silent now, all the chiefs of the people; and know and see what was the sin this day. [§]
Vayomer Shaul gosh u halom kol pinot haam vdeu vreu bama hayta hachatat hazot hayom.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'gosh' means 'be silent', 'u' is the conjunction 'and', 'halom' means 'now', 'kol' means 'all', 'pinot' means 'the chiefs/leaders', 'haam' means 'of the people', 'vdeu' means 'and know', 'vreu' means 'and see', 'bama' means 'in what/where', 'hayta' means 'was', 'hachatat' means 'the sin', 'hazot' means 'this', 'hayom' means 'today'.
[1SA.14.39] For the living Yahveh, the Savior of Israel, if there is a son of mine in Jonathan, for death will be cut off and there will be no one among the people who answers him. [§]
Ki chai Yahveh ha Moshia et Yisrael, ki im yeshno beYonatan beni, ki mot yamut ve ein onehu mikol ha am.
'Ki' means 'for', 'chai' means 'living', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'Moshia' means 'Savior' (from the root 'moshia' = save), 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'im' means 'if', 'yeshno' means 'there is (him)', 'beYonatan' means 'in Jonathan', 'beni' means 'my son', 'mot' means 'death', 'yamot' means 'will die' or 'will be cut off', 've' means 'and', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'onehu' means 'who answers him', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'ha am' means 'the people'.
[1SA.14.40] And he said to all Israel, 'You will be one after another, and I and Jonathan my son will be one after another.' And the people said to Saul, 'Do the good in your eyes.' [§]
Vayomer el-kol-yisrael atem tihu le'ever echad va'ani veYonatan b'ni nihiyeh le'ever echad vayomru ha'am el-Shaul hatov be'enekha aseh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el' means 'to', 'kol' means 'all', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'tihu' means 'you will be', 'le'ever' means 'one after another', 'echad' means 'one', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'veYonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'nihiyeh' means 'will be', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'hatov' means 'the good', 'be'enekha' means 'in your eyes', 'aseh' means 'do it'.
[1SA.14.41] And said Saul to Yahveh the Gods of Israel, bring it to completion; and he seized Jonathan and Saul and the people went out. [§]
Vayyomer Shaul el Yahveh Elohei Yisrael habe tamim vayilkhed Yonatan veShaul vehaam yatzeu.
'Vayyomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'habe' means 'bring' or 'let', 'tamim' means 'complete' or 'finished', 'vayilkhed' means 'and he seized', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'veShaul' means 'and Saul', 'vehaam' means 'and the people', 'yatzeu' means 'they went out' or 'they came out'.
[1SA.14.42] And Saul said, 'Cast them between me and my son Jonathan, and Jonathan will be caught.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul hafilu beyni uveyn Yonatan beni vayilached Yonatan.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'hafilu' means 'cast them' or 'throw them', 'beynI' means 'between me', 'uveyn' means 'and between', 'Yonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'beni' means 'my son', 'vayilached' means 'and he will be caught', the final 'Yonatan' repeats the name.
[1SA.14.43] And Saul said to Jonathan, 'Tell me what you have done.' And Jonathan reported to him, and he said, 'I have tasted the tip of the staff that is in my hand, a little honey; behold, I am about to die.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul el-Yonatan ha-gidah li mah asita vayagged-lo Yonatan vayomer ta\'om ta\'amti biqtzeh ha-matteh asher be-yadi me\'at d'vash hineni amut.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'el-Yonatan' means 'to Jonathan', 'ha-gidah' means 'report' or 'tell', 'li' means 'to me', 'mah' means 'what', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'vayagged-lo' means 'and he reported to him', 'Yonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ta\'om' means 'I have tasted', 'ta\'amti' is the verb form 'I have tasted' (idiomatically 'I have had enough'), 'biqtzeh' means 'at the tip', 'ha-matteh' means 'the staff', 'asher' means 'which', 'be-yadi' means 'in my hand', 'me\'at' means 'a little', 'd'vash' means 'of honey', 'hineni' means 'here I am', 'amut' means 'I will die' or 'I am about to die'.
[1SA.14.44] Saul said, 'Thus the Gods will act, and thus he will add, because you will die, Jonathan.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul koh-ya'aseh Elohim ve'koh Yosaf ki-mot tamut Yonatan.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'koh-ya'aseh' means 'thus will do', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 've'koh' means 'and thus', 'Yosaf' means 'he will add' or 'he will increase', 'ki-mot' means 'because death', 'tamut' means 'you will die', 'Yonatan' is the personal name Jonathan.
[1SA.14.45] And the people said to Saul, 'Will Jonathan die, the one who performed this great salvation in Israel? The life of Yahveh is in danger if he falls from the top of his head to the ground, for with the Gods He made this day. And the people redeemed Jonathan and he did not die.' [§]
Vayomer ha'am el-Shaul ha'Yonatan yamut asher asah hayeshua hagdola hazot b'Yisrael chalila chay Yahveh im yippol mi'sa'arat rosho artzah ki im Elohim asa hayom haze vayifdu ha'am et-Yonatan velo met.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the name of the king, 'ha'Yonatan' means 'will Jonathan', 'yamot' means 'die', 'asher' means 'who', 'asah' means 'did/made', 'hayeshua' means 'the salvation', 'hagdola' means 'great', 'hazot' means 'this', 'b'Yisrael' means 'in Israel', 'chalila' means 'is in danger', 'chay' means 'life', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'im' means 'if', 'yippol' means 'he falls', 'mi'sa'arat' means 'from the top of', 'rosho' means 'his head', 'artzah' means 'to the ground', 'ki' means 'for', 'im' means 'with', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'asa' means 'made/did', 'hayom' means 'today', 'haze' means 'this', 'vayifdu' means 'they redeemed', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'Yonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'velo' means 'and not', 'met' means 'die'.
[1SA.14.46] And Saul went up from behind the Philistines, and the Philistines went to their place. [§]
Vayya'al Shaul me'acharei Pelishtim uPelishtim halchu limkomam.
'Vayya'al' means 'and went up', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'me'acharei' means 'from behind', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'uPelishtim' means 'and the Philistines', 'halchu' means 'went', 'limkomam' means 'to their place'.
[1SA.14.47] And Saul seized the kingdom over Israel, and he fought around with all his enemies in Moab, and in the sons of Ammon, and in Edom, and among the kings of Zobah, and with the Philistines, and in everything that he turned to subjugate. [§]
veShaul lakad haMeluqa al Yisrael vaYilachem saviv bechol oyevav beMoav uviBnei-Ammon uveEdom uveMalchei Tzobah uvePlishtim uvechol asher yipneh yarsheia.
'veShaul' means 'and Saul', 'lakad' means 'took' or 'seized', 'haMeluqa' means 'the kingdom', 'al' means 'over', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vaYilachem' means 'and he fought', 'saviv' means 'around' or 'about', 'bechol' means 'with all' or 'through all', 'oyevav' means 'his enemies', 'beMoav' means 'in Moab', 'uviBnei-Ammon' means 'and in the sons of Ammon', 'uveEdom' means 'and in Edom', 'uveMalchei Tzobah' means 'and among the kings of Zobah', 'uvePlishtim' means 'and with the Philistines', 'uvechol' means 'and in all', 'asher' means 'that', 'yipneh' means 'he turns' or 'he faces', 'yarsheia' means 'he subjugates' or 'he oppresses'.
[1SA.14.48] He made a man of valor, and he struck Amalek, and he saved Israel from the hand of his destroyer. [§]
vayyaas chayil vayyach et-Amalek vayyatzel et-Yisrael mi-yad shoshehu.
'vayyaas' means 'and he made', 'chayil' means 'valor' or 'a man of valor', 'vayyach' means 'and he struck', 'et-Amalek' means 'Amalek (the people)', 'vayyatzel' means 'and he saved', 'et-Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand of', 'shoshehu' means 'the one who destroys him' (his destroyer).
[1SA.14.49] And the sons of Saul were Jonathan, Ishvi, and Malki-Shua; and the names of his two daughters were Merab, the elder, and Michal, the younger. [§]
Vayihyu b'nei Shaul Yonatan veYishvi veMalchi-Shua ve-shem shtei benotav: shem ha-bekhirah Merav ve-shem ha-ktannah Michal.
'Vayihyu' means 'and they were', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'veYishvi' means 'and Ishvi', 'veMalchi-Shua' means 'and Malki-Shua', 've-shem' means 'and the name', 'shtei' means 'two', 'benotav' means 'his daughters', 'shem ha-bekhirah' means 'the name of the elder', 'Merav' is the name 'Merab', 've-shem ha-ktannah' means 'and the name of the younger', 'Michal' is the name 'Michal'.
[1SA.14.50] And the name of Saul's wife is Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz, and the name of his army commander is Abner son of Ner, Saul's chief. [§]
ve'shem eshet Shaul Ahinoam bat Ahimaaz ve'shem sar-tzevao Aviner ben Ner dod Shaul.
've' means 'and', 'shem' means 'name', 'eshet' means 'of the wife', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'Ahinoam' is a personal name, 'bat' means 'daughter of', 'Ahimaaz' is a personal name, 've' again means 'and', 'shem' again means 'name', 'sar-tzevao' means 'commander of his army', 'Aviner' is a personal name Abner, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Ner' is a personal name, 'dod' means 'chief' or 'chief commander', and the final 'Shaul' repeats the name Saul.
[1SA.14.51] And Kish, the father of Saul, and Ner, the father of Abner son of Abiel. [§]
ve Kish avi Shaul ve Ner avi Avner ben Aviel.
've' means 'and'; 'Kish' is a personal name; 'avi' means 'father of'; 'Shaul' is the name Saul; 'Ner' is a personal name; the second 'avi' again means 'father of'; 'Avner' is the name Abner; 'ben' means 'son of'; 'Aviel' is the name Abiel.
[1SA.14.52] And the war was strong against the Philistines all the days of Saul, and Saul saw every mighty man and every man of valor, and he gathered them to himself. [§]
Vatehi hamilchamah chazakah al-Philistim kol yemei Shaul ve'ra'ah Shaul kol-ish gibbor ve'kol ben-chayil vayyasfehu elav.
'Vatehi' means 'and it was' or 'it became', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the war', 'chazakah' means 'strong', 'al-Philistim' means 'against the Philistines', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'yemei' means 'days of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 've'ra'ah' means 'and (he) saw', 'kol-ish' means 'every man', 'gibbor' means 'mighty' or 'hero', 've'kol ben-chayil' means 'and every son of valor' i.e., 'every man of courage', 'vayyasfehu' means 'and (he) gathered him', 'elav' means 'to him' or 'to himself'.
1SA.15
[1SA.15.1] Samuel said to Saul, 'Yahveh sent me to anoint you king over his people, over Israel; now listen to the voice of Yahveh's words.' [§]
Vayomer Shmuel el Shaul oti shalah Yahveh limshachkha lemelech al amo al Yisrael ve'atah shma lekol divrei Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'oti' means 'me', 'shalah' means 'sent', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'limshachkha' means 'to anoint you', 'lemelech' means 'to king', 'al' means 'over', 'amo' means 'his people', 'al' means 'over', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'shma' means 'listen', 'lekol' means 'to the voice', 'divrei' means 'words of', 'Yahveh' again is the literal translation of YHVH.
[1SA.15.2] Thus says Yahveh of hosts: I have taken notice of what Amalek did to Israel, what he set against them on the road as they went out from Egypt. [§]
Ko amar Yahveh tzevaot pakadti et asher-asah Amalek leYisrael asher-sam lo ba-derach ba'aloto mi-Mitzrayim.
'Ko' means 'Thus', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the name of God (YHVH), 'tzevaot' means 'hosts' (armies), 'pakadti' means 'I have taken notice', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'asher' means 'that which', 'asah' means 'did' or 'made', 'Amalek' is the name of the people Amalek, 'leYisrael' means 'to Israel', the second 'asher' means 'that which', 'sam' means 'placed' or 'set', 'lo' (him/it) refers to the opposition set up, 'ba-derach' means 'on the road', 'ba'aloto' means 'when they went out', and 'mi-Mitzrayim' means 'from Egypt'.
[1SA.15.3] Now go and strike Amalek and devote all that is his to destruction, and do not spare any of them; you shall wipe out from man to woman, from the nursing infant to the unborn, from the ox to the sheep, from the camel to the donkey. [§]
Attah lekh ve'hikkita et- Amaleq ve'hacharamtam et kol asher lo ve'lo tachmol alav ve'hemtah me'i-ish ad isha me'olel ve'ad yonek mishor ve'ad seh migamal ve'ad chamor.
'Attah' means 'now', 'lekh' means 'go', 've'hikkita' means 'and you will strike', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Amaleq' is the name Amalek, 've'hacharamtam' means 'and you shall devote to destruction', 'et' again marks the object, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lo' means 'his', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'tachmol' means 'spare', 'alav' means 'on him', 've'hemtah' means 'and you shall wipe out', 'me'i-ish' means 'from a man', 'ad' means 'to', 'isha' means 'woman', 'me'olel' means 'from the nursing infant', 've'ad' means 'and to', 'yonek' means 'the unborn', 'mishor' means 'from the ox', 've'ad' means 'and to', 'seh' means 'the sheep', 'migamal' means 'from the camel', 've'ad' means 'and to', 'chamor' means 'the donkey'.
[1SA.15.4] And Saul heard the people and gathered them in the fields, two hundred thousand foot‑soldiers and ten thousand men of Judah. [§]
Vayishama Shaul et ha'am vayipkedem batlaim matayim elef ragli ve'aseret alafim et ish Yehudah.
'Vayishama' means 'and (he) heard', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'vayipkedem' means 'and (he) gathered them', 'batlaim' means 'in the fields', 'matayim' means 'two hundred', 'elef' means 'thousand', 'ragli' means 'foot‑soldiers', 've'aseret' means 'and ten', 'alafim' means 'thousands', 'et' again the direct‑object marker, 'ish' means 'man' or 'men', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah'.
[1SA.15.5] And Saul came to the city of Amalek and spent the night by the river. [§]
Vayyavo Shaul ad-ir Amalek vayarev ba-nachal.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'ad-ir' means 'to the city', 'Amalek' is the name of the city, 'vayarev' means 'and he spent the night', 'ba-nachal' means 'by the river'.
[1SA.15.6] And Saul said to the Keni, 'Go, turn back, return from among the Amalekites, lest I add him to you, and you have shown kindness to all the children of Israel in their burdens out of Egypt, and Qeni removed them from among the Amalekites.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul el-haQeini lechu suru rdu mitoch amaleki pen osifka imo ve'ata asita chesed im kol-bnei Yisrael ba'alotam mi-Mitzrayim vayasar Qeini mitoch amalek.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'el-haQeini' means 'to the Keni', 'lech u' means 'go', 'suru' means 'turn back', 'rdu' means 'return', 'mitoch' means 'from among', 'amaleki' means 'the Amalekites', 'pen' means 'lest', 'osifka' means 'I will add', 'imo' means 'with him', 've'ata' means 'and you', 'asita' means 'did', 'chesed' means 'kindness', 'im' means 'with', 'kol-bnei' means 'all the sons of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ba'alotam' means 'their burdens', 'mi-Mitzrayim' means 'out of Egypt', 'vayasar' means 'and removed', 'Qeini' is a personal name, 'mitoch' again 'from among', 'amalek' means 'the Amalekites'.
[1SA.15.7] And Saul struck Amalek from the ridge, your Shur which is on the face of Egypt. [§]
Vayach Shaul et-Amalek mechavilah bo'acha shur asher al-p'nei Mitzrayim.
'Vayach' means 'and he struck', 'Shaul' is the proper name 'Saul', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Amalek' refers to the Amalekite people, 'mechavilah' means 'from the ridge' or 'from the edge', 'bo'acha' is a construct form meaning 'your coming' or 'your departure', 'shur' is a place name (Shur) or can mean 'wall', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'al-p'nei' means 'on the face of', and 'Mitzrayim' is the proper name 'Egypt'. No divine titles appear in this verse, so no special name translations are needed.
[1SA.15.8] And he seized Agag king of Amalek alive, and he cut down all the people with the sword. [§]
Vayitposh et-Agag melech Amalek chai ve'et kol ha'am hecherim lefi charav.
'Vayitposh' means 'and he seized', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Agag' is a proper name, 'melech' means 'king', 'Amalek' is a proper name of a people, 'chai' means 'alive', 've'et' means 'and (with) the', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'hecherim' means 'he cut down' or 'he destroyed', 'lefi' means 'by the', 'charav' means 'sword'.
[1SA.15.9] And Saul showed mercy and the people concerning Agag and concerning the good of the sheep and the cattle and the goats and the vineyards and all that is good, and they would not spare their destruction, and all the work was despised and trampled; they cut it off. [§]
vayachmol Shaul vehaam al-Agag ve'al meitav hatzon vehabakar vehamishnim ve'al hakarim ve'al kol hatov velo avu hachrimam vechol hamelecha nemivzah venames otah hecherimu.
'vayachmol' means 'and showed mercy', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'vehaam' means 'and the people', 'al' means 'concerning' or 'about', 'Agag' is a proper name, 've'al' means 'and about', 'meitav' means 'the good', 'hatzon' means 'the sheep', 'vehabakar' means 'and the cattle', 'vehamishnim' means 'and the goats', 've'al' again means 'and about', 'hakarim' means 'the vineyards', 've'al kol hatov' means 'and about all that is good', 'velo' means 'and they did not', 'avu' means 'spare' (literally 'refuse to destroy'), 'hachrimam' means 'their destruction', 'vechol hamelecha' means 'and all the work', 'nemivzah' means 'was despised', 'venames' means 'and was trampled', 'otah' means 'it', 'hecherimu' means 'they cut it off' or 'they destroyed it'.
[1SA.15.10] And the word of Yahveh came to Samuel, saying. [§]
Va-yehi devar-Yahveh el-Shmuel le'emor.
'Va-yehi' means 'and it was' or 'and it happened', 'devar' means 'word', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'el' is not present in this clause but would mean 'God' if it were, 'el-Shmuel' means 'to Samuel', and 'le'emor' means 'to say' or 'saying'.
[1SA.15.11] I was comforted because I have made Saul king, because he turned away from me and did not keep my words, and Samuel was angry and cried out to Yahveh all night. [§]
Nichamti ki-hemalkti et Shaul lemelech ki shav meacharei ve'et devarai lo hekim vayichar leShmuel vayizaq el Yahveh kol hal-layla.
'Nichamti' means 'I was comforted', 'ki' means 'because', 'hemalkti' means 'I have made king', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'lemelech' means 'as king', 'ki' again 'because', 'shav' means 'he turned away', 'meacharei' means 'from me', 've'et' means 'and the', 'devarai' means 'my words', 'lo' means 'not', 'hekim' means 'he kept/established', 'vayichar' means 'and he was angry', 'leShmuel' means 'to Samuel', 'vayizaq' means 'and he cried out', 'el' means 'to', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'kol' means 'all', 'hal-layla' means 'the night'.
[1SA.15.12] And Samuel rose early in the morning to meet Saul, and it was reported to Samuel, saying, ‘Saul has come to Carmel, and behold, a hand is extended to him; he turned, crossed over, and went down to Gilgal.’ [§]
Vayashkem Shmuel liqrat Shaul baboker vayugad liShmuel le'emor ba‑Shaul haKarmela vehineh matziv lo yad vayisov vayAvor vayered haGilgal.
'Vayashkem' means 'and he rose early', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'liqrat' means 'to meet', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vayugad' means 'it was reported', 'liShmuel' means 'to Samuel', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'ba‑Shaul' means 'Saul', 'haKarmela' means 'the Carmel', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'matziv' means 'extending', 'lo' means 'to him', 'yad' means 'hand', 'vayisov' means 'and he turned', 'vayAvor' means 'and he crossed over', 'vayered' means 'and he went down', 'haGilgal' means 'the Gilgal'.
[1SA.15.13] And Samuel came to Saul and said to him, 'Saul, blessed are you to Yahveh; I have established the word of Yahveh.' [§]
vayavo shmu-el el-sha-ul vayomer lo Sha-ul baruch attah la-Yahveh hakimoti et-davar la-Yahveh.
'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'shmu-el' means 'Samuel', 'el' means 'to', 'sha-ul' means 'Saul', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', the second 'Sha-ul' is the name being spoken, 'baruch' means 'blessed', 'attah' means 'you', 'la-Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the LORD), 'hakimoti' means 'I have established' (from the verb Qimah), 'et-davar' means 'the word', and the final 'la-Yahveh' again means 'of Yahveh'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as Yahveh according to the given rule.
[1SA.15.14] And Samuel said, 'What is the voice of this flock in my ears, and the voice of the cattle that I hear?' [§]
Vayomer Shmuel u-meh kol hatzon hazeh be'oznay ve'kol habakar asher anochi shomea.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'u-meh' means 'and what', 'kol' means 'voice' or 'sound', 'hatzon' means 'the flock', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'be'oznay' means 'in my ears', 've'kol' means 'and the voice', 'habakar' means 'of the cattle', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'anochi' means 'I', 'shomea' means 'hear'.
[1SA.15.15] And Saul said, Bring them from the Amalekites, the ones the people have spared upon the best of the sheep and cattle, for the purpose of a sacrifice to Yahveh your God, and we have devoted the rest. [§]
Vayomer Shaul me'amalekhi hevi'um asher chamal ha'am al-meitav hatzon ve-habakar lemaan zevach laYahveh Eloheikha ve'et-hayot'er hecharmenu.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'me'amalekhi' means 'from the Amalekites', 'hevi'um' means 'bring them', 'asher' means 'that which', 'chamal' means 'the people have spared', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'al-meitav' means 'upon the best', 'hatzon' means 'the sheep', 've-habakar' means 'and the cattle', 'lemaan' means 'for the purpose of', 'zevach' means 'a sacrifice', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'Eloheikha' means 'your God', 've'et-hayot'er' means 'and the remaining', 'hecharmenu' means 'we have devoted them (as a dedication)'.
[1SA.15.16] And Samuel said to Saul, Speak, and I will tell you what Yahveh has spoken to me this night; and he said to him, Speak. [§]
Va-yomer Shmuel el Shaul, heref ve'agida lekha et asher diber Yahveh elai ha-layla; va-yomer lo dabber.
'Va-yomer' means 'And said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'heref' means 'Speak', 've-agida' means 'and I will tell', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'et' is a particle introducing the object, 'asher' means 'what/that which', 'diber' means 'has spoken', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'elai' means 'to me', 'ha-layla' means 'the night', 'va-yomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'dabber' means 'Speak'.
[1SA.15.17] And Samuel said, 'Is not it that you are young in your own eyes, head of the tribes of Israel? And Yahveh anointed you as king over Israel.' [§]
Vayomer Shmuel halo im katon attah be'einecha rosh shivtei Yisrael atah vayimshachacha Yahveh lemelech al Yisrael.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'halo' means 'is not', 'im' means 'if/that', 'katon' means 'young' or 'small', 'attah' means 'you', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'rosh' means 'head', 'shivtei' means 'of the tribes', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'atah' repeats 'you', 'vayimshachacha' means 'and he anointed you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'lemelech' means 'as king', 'al' means 'over', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[1SA.15.18] And Yahveh sent you on the way, and he said, Go and you shall ban the sinners, the sinners of Amalek, and you shall fight against them until you have finished them. [§]
Vayishlachacha Yahveh be-darekh vayomer lekh vehacharmatah et-hachattaim et-Amalek venilchamta bo ad kallotam otam.
'Vayishlachacha' means 'and sent you', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh' (the divine name YHWH), 'be-darekh' means 'on the way', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lekh' means 'go', 've-hacharmatah' means 'and you shall ban' (to devote to destruction), 'et-hachattaim' means 'the sinners', 'et-Amalek' means 'Amalek (the people of Amalek)', 've-nilchamta' means 'and you shall fight', 'bo' means 'against them', 'ad' means 'until', 'kallotam' means 'you have finished them' (i.e., destroyed them), 'otam' means 'them'.
[1SA.15.19] Why did you not hear in the voice of Yahveh, and you coveted the spoil, and you did evil in the eyes of Yahveh. [§]
ve-la-ma lo shamata beqol Yahveh va-ta'at el-hashalal va-ta'as ha-ra be-einei Yahveh.
've' means 'and', 'la-ma' means 'why', 'lo' means 'not', 'shamata' means 'you heard', 'beqol' means 'in the voice of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'va' means 'and', 'ta'at' means 'you coveted', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'hashalal' means 'the spoil', 'ta'as' means 'you did', 'ha-ra' means 'the evil', 'be' means 'in', 'einei' means 'the eyes of', 'Yahveh' again the name of God.
[1SA.15.20] And Saul said to Samuel, 'I have heard the voice of Yahveh and I went the way that Yahveh sent me, and I brought Agag king of Amalek and I utterly destroyed Amalek.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul el Shmuel asher shamati beqol Yahveh va'elech ba'derekh asher sh'lachani Yahveh va'aviy et Agag melech Amalek ve et Amalek hechermati.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'el' means 'to', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'shamati' means 'I heard', 'beqol' means 'in the voice', 'Yahveh' is the divine name God, 'va'elech' means 'and I went', 'ba'derekh' means 'in the way', the second 'asher' again means 'that', 'sh'lachani' means 'sent me', the second 'Yahveh' again is God, 'va'aviy' means 'and I brought', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Agag' is a personal name, 'melech' means 'king', 'Amalek' is the name of a people, 've' means 'and', the second 'et' again a marker, the second 'Amalek' repeats the people, and 'hechermati' means 'I have utterly destroyed' or 'I have exterminated'.
[1SA.15.21] And the people took from the plunder flocks and cattle, the firstborn of the devoted, to sacrifice to Yahveh your Gods in Gilgal. [§]
Vayikach haam mehashshalal tzon uvar roshit hacherem lizboach layahveh elohekha bagilgal.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'haam' means 'the people', 'mehashshalal' means 'from the plunder', 'tzon' means 'flocks', 'uvar' means 'and cattle', 'roshit' means 'firstborn', 'hacherem' means 'the devoted (cherem)', 'lizboach' means 'to sacrifice', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'elohekha' means 'your Gods' (literal translation of Elohim with the possessive suffix), 'bagilgal' means 'in Gilgal'.
[1SA.15.22] And Samuel said, The one who delights in Yahveh's offerings and sacrifices, as he hears in the voice of Yahveh: Behold, listening to a good sacrifice is better than the milk of bulls. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel ha-chephetz laYahveh be'ulot u'zevachim kishmo'a be'kol Yahveh hineh shmoa mi-zevach tov le'hakshiv me'chelev eilim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'ha-chephetz' means 'the one who delights', 'laYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'be'ulot' means 'in offerings', 'u'zevachim' means 'and sacrifices', 'kishmo'a' means 'as he hears', 'be'kol' means 'in the voice', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'shmoa' means 'he hears', 'mi-zevach' means 'from a sacrifice', 'tov' means 'good', 'le'hakshiv' means 'to listen', 'me'chelev' means 'from the milk', 'eilim' means 'of bulls'.
[1SA.15.23] Because sin of enchantment, bitterness, and iniquity, and perversions are scattered, for you have despised the word of Yahveh and He has forbidden you from the king. [§]
Ki chatat qesem meri veaven utrephim ha petzar yaan maasta et dvar Yahveh vayimmoskha mimelech.
'Ki' means 'because', 'chatat' means 'sin', 'qesem' means 'enchantment' or 'magic', 'meri' means 'bitterness', 'veaven' means 'and iniquity', 'utrephim' means 'and perversions' (plural), 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'petzar' means 'to scatter' or 'to burst forth', 'yaan' means 'because' or 'for', 'maasta' means 'you have despised', 'et' is the accusative marker 'the', 'dvar' means 'word', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'vayimmoskha' means 'and He forbade you', 'mimelech' means 'from the king'.
[1SA.15.24] And Saul said to Samuel, "I have sinned, because I have crossed over the mouth of Yahveh and your words, because I was afraid of the people and I listened to their voice." [§]
Vayomer Shaul el-Shmuel chatati ki avarti et-pi Yahveh ve'et-dvarecha ki yareti et-ha'am vashema bekolam.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'el' means 'to' (the preposition "to"), 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'chatati' means 'I have sinned', 'ki' means 'because', 'avarti' means 'I have transgressed' (literally 'I have crossed over'), 'et-pi' means 'the mouth of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've'et-dvarecha' means 'and the words of you' (your words), 'ki' again means 'because', 'yareti' means 'I was afraid', 'et-ha'am' means 'the people', 'vashema' means 'and I listened', 'bekolam' means 'to their voice'.
[1SA.15.25] Now, please take my sin, return with me, and I will worship Yahveh. [§]
ve'ata sa na et chatati ve'shuv immi ve'esh-tachaveh laYahveh.
've'ata' means 'and now', 'sa' is the imperative 'carry' or 'take', 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please', 'et chatati' means 'my sin', 've'shuv' means 'and return', 'immi' means 'with me', 've'esh-tachaveh' means 'and I will bow' or 'worship', 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh).
[1SA.15.26] And Samuel said to Saul, I will not return with you, because you have rejected the word of Yahveh, and Yahveh has rejected you from being king over Israel. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel el Shaul lo ashuv imach ki ma'sta et-dvar Yahveh vayim'oscha Yahveh mihyot melech al Yisrael.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'lo' means 'not', 'ashuv' means 'I will return', 'imach' means 'with you', 'ki' means 'because', 'ma'sta' means 'you have rejected', 'et-dvar' means 'the word', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, 'vayim'oscha' means 'and He has rejected you', 'mihyot' means 'from becoming', 'melech' means 'king', 'al' means 'over', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[1SA.15.27] And Samuel turned to go, and he seized the edge of his mantle and tore it. [§]
vayisov Shmuel lalechet vayachazek biknaf-me'ilo vayikra.
'vayisov' means 'and he turned', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'lalechet' means 'to go' or 'to walk', 'vayachazek' means 'and he seized', 'biknaf' means 'by the edge', 'me'ilo' means 'of his mantle', and 'vayikra' means 'and he tore'.
[1SA.15.28] And Samuel said to him, Yahveh will tear the kingdom of Israel from you today and will give it to your good companion from you. [§]
vayomer elav Shmu'el kara Yahveh et-mamlakht Yisrael me'alekha hayom u'natnah le'reacha hatov mimekha.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Shmu'el' is the proper name Samuel, 'kara' means 'will tear', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'mamlakht' means 'kingdom', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'me'alekha' means 'from over you', 'hayom' means 'today', 'u'natnah' means 'and will give it', 'le'reacha' means 'to your companion', 'hatov' means 'the good', 'mimekha' means 'from you'.
[1SA.15.29] And also forever Israel will not lie and will not be comforted, because he is not a man to be comforted. [§]
vegam netzach Yisrael lo yeshaker ve'lo yinachem ki lo adam hu lehinachem.
'vegam' means 'and also', 'netzach' means 'forever' or 'eternity', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'lo' means 'not', 'yeshaker' means 'will lie', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yinachem' means 'will be comforted', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'adam' means 'man', 'hu' means 'he', 'lehinachem' means 'to be comforted'.
[1SA.15.30] And he said, I have sinned, now honor me, please, before the elders of my people and before Israel, and return to me, and I will bow down to Yahveh your God. [§]
Vayomer chatati atah kabedeni na neged ziknei ami ve'negad Yisrael veshuv immi vehishtachaveiti l'Yahveh Elohecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'chatati' means 'I have sinned', 'atah' means 'now', 'kabedeni' means 'honor me', 'na' means 'please', 'neged' means 'before/in front of', 'ziknei' means 'elders of', 'ami' means 'my people', 've'negad' means 'and before', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'veshuv' means 'and return', 'immi' means 'to me', 'vehistachaveiti' means 'and I will bow down', 'l'Yahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'Elohecha' means 'your God'.
[1SA.15.31] Samuel turned back after Saul, and Saul bowed to Yahveh. [§]
Vayashav Shmuel acharai Shaul vayishtachu Shaul layahveh.
'Vayashav' means 'and turned back', 'Shmuel' is the proper name Samuel, 'acharei' means 'after' or 'behind', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'vayishtachu' means 'and bowed' or 'fell down', the second 'Shaul' repeats the name Saul, and 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the literal rendering of YHVH).
[1SA.15.32] Samuel said, 'Bring me Agag the king of Amalek.' And he went to him, Agag of Ma'adannot, and Agag said, 'Indeed, the bitter poison of death.' [§]
Vayomer Shmuel hagishu elai et-Agag melekh Amalek vayelech elav Agag ma'adannot vayomer Agag achen sar mar-hamavet.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'hagishu' means 'bring (imperative) to me', 'elai' means 'to me', 'et-Agag' means '[the] Agag' (direct object marker), 'melekh' means 'king', 'Amalek' means 'Amalek', 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Agag' is a proper name, 'ma'adannot' is a proper noun of uncertain meaning (likely a place or title), 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Agag' repeats the name, 'achen' means 'indeed', 'sar' means 'bitter' or 'poison', 'mar-hamavet' means 'of death' (literally 'bitter of death').
[1SA.15.33] And Samuel said, As the sword has cut women, so it shall be cut from the women of your mother, and Samuel offered Agag before Yahveh in Gilgal. [§]
Va-yomer Shmuel ka'asher shiklah nashim charbekha ken-tishkal min-nashim imekha vayeshassep Shmuel et Agag lifnei Yahveh bagilgal.
'Va-yomer' means 'and said', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'shiklah' means 'has cut', 'nashim' means 'women', 'charbekha' means 'your sword', 'ken' means 'so', 'tishkal' means 'it will be weighed/cut', 'min-nashim' means 'from women', 'imekha' means 'your mother', 'vayeshassep' means 'and offered', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Agag' is a proper name, 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'bagilgal' means 'in Gilgal'.
[1SA.15.34] And Samuel went to Ramah, and Saul went up to his house at the hill of Saul. [§]
Va-yelekh Shmuel ha-Ramah ve-Shau'al alah el-beitoh gib'at Shau'al.
'Va-yelekh' means 'and went', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'ha-Ramah' means 'the Ramah' (a place name), 've-Shau'al' means 'and Saul', 'alah' means 'went up', 'el' means 'to', 'beitoh' means 'his house', 'gib'at' means 'the hill of', and 'Shau'al' is the personal name Saul.
[1SA.15.35] And Samuel did not continue to see Saul until the day of his death, because Samuel grieved for Saul, and Yahveh was sorry because he had appointed Saul over Israel. [§]
Ve lo yasaf Shmuel lir'ot et Shaul ad yom moto ki hit'abel Shmuel el Shaul v'Yahveh nicham ki himlich et Shaul al Yisrael.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'yasaf' means 'did add' or 'continued', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'lir'ot' means 'to see', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'ad' means 'until', 'yom' means 'day', 'moto' means 'of his death', 'ki' means 'because', 'hit'abel' means 'grieved', 'el' means 'toward' or 'for', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'nicham' means 'was sorry' or 'repented', 'himlich' means 'appointed' or 'made ruler', 'al' means 'over', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
1SA.16
[1SA.16.1] And Yahveh said to Samuel, 'Until when will you mourn for Saul, and I have despised him from being king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and go; I will send you to Jesse, the house of bread, for I have seen among his sons a king for me.' [§]
vayomer Yahveh el Shmuel ad matai atah mitabbel el Shaul va'ani meastiyu mimlokh al Yisrael male karnacha shemen velekh eshlachacha el Yishai beit halachmi ki raiti bevanav li melek.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of the divine name YHWH, 'el' means 'to', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'ad' means 'until', 'matai' means 'how long', 'atah' means 'you' (masc. sing.), 'mitabbel' means 'are mourning', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'meastiyu' means 'have despised him', 'mimlokh' means 'from being king', 'al' means 'over', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'male' means 'fill', 'karnacha' means 'your horn', 'shemen' means 'with oil', 'velekh' means 'and go', 'eshlachacha' means 'I will send you', 'Yishai' is the personal name Jesse, 'beit' means 'house', 'halachmi' means 'of bread', 'ki' means 'for', 'raiti' means 'I have seen', 'bevanav' means 'among his sons', 'li' means 'to me', 'melek' means 'king'.
[1SA.16.2] And Samuel said, "How shall I go?" and Saul heard and he killed me. Then Yahveh said, "Take the calf of the herd in your hand and say, I have come to sacrifice to Yahveh." [§]
Vayomer Shmuel eikh elekh ve-shama Shaul vahargani savayomer Yahveh eglat bakar tikach beyadecha veomar-ta lizboach l'Yahveh bati.
"Vayomer" means "and said", "Shmuel" is the proper name "Samuel", "eikh" means "how", "elekh" means "shall I go", "ve-shama" means "and heard", "Shaul" is the proper name "Saul", "vahargani" means "and he killed me", "savayomer" means "and then he said", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH, "eglat" means "the calf", "bakar" means "of the herd", "tikach" means "you shall take", "beyadecha" means "in your hand", "veomar-ta" means "and you shall say", "lizboach" means "to sacrifice", "l'Yahveh" means "to Yahveh", "bati" means "I have come".
[1SA.16.3] And you shall call to Ishai in the sacrifice, and I will inform you of what you shall do and you have anointed for me what I say to you. [§]
vekarata leYisai bazavach veanokhi odi'ekha et asher-ta'aseh u-mashakhta li et asher-omar eilekha.
've' means 'and', 'karata' means 'you will call', 'leYisai' means 'to Ishai (a name)', 'bazavach' means 'in the sacrifice', 've' means 'and', 'anokhi' means 'I', 'odi'ekha' means 'will inform you', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'asher' means 'what/that which', 'ta'aseh' means 'you will do', 'u' means 'and', 'mashakhta' means 'you have anointed', 'li' means 'for me', 'et' again the object marker, 'asher' means 'what/that which', 'omar' means 'I say', 'eilekha' means 'to you'.
[1SA.16.4] And Samuel did what Yahveh had spoken, and he went to the house of Lachom, and the elders of the city went out to meet him, and he said, "Peace, your arrival." [§]
Vayaas Shemuel et asher diber Yahveh vayavo beit Lachom vayekherdu ziknei ha'ir liqrato vayomer shalom boekha.
'Vayaas' means 'and he did', 'Shemuel' is the name Samuel, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'asher' means 'that which', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'vayavo' means 'and he went/arrived', 'beit' means 'house', 'Lachom' is a proper place name, 'vayekherdu' means 'and they went out', 'ziknei' means 'elders of', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'liqrato' means 'to meet him', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'shalom' means 'peace', and 'boekha' means 'your coming' or 'your arrival'.
[1SA.16.5] And Shalom said, 'I have come to sacrifice to Yahveh; consecrate yourselves and come with me to the sacrifice.' He sanctified Ishai and his sons, and he called them to the sacrifice. [§]
vayomer Shalom lizboach layahveh ba'ati hitkaddeshu uvatem iti bazavach vayekadesh et-Yishai ve'et-banav vayikra lahem lazavach.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shalom' is a proper name meaning 'peace', 'lizboach' means 'to sacrifice', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'ba'ati' means 'I have come', 'hitkaddeshu' means 'consecrate yourselves', 'uvatem' means 'and you came', 'iti' means 'with me', 'bazavach' means 'to the sacrifice', 'vayekadesh' means 'he sanctified', 'et-Yishai' means 'Ishai (a personal name)', 've'et-banav' means 'and his sons', 'vayikra' means 'he called', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'lazavach' means 'to the sacrifice'.
[1SA.16.6] And it happened when they came, and he saw Elijah and said, 'Only before Yahveh his Messiah.' [§]
Vayehi bevo'am vayyar et Elijah vayomer ach neged Yahveh meshicho.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'bevo'am' means 'when they came', 'vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Elijah' is the proper name of the prophet, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ach' means 'only', 'neged' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH as instructed, and 'meshicho' means 'his Messiah' (his anointed).
[1SA.16.7] Yahveh said to Samuel, Do not look at his appearance or at his height, because I have rejected him; for man looks at the outward, but Yahveh looks at the heart. [§]
Vayyomer Yahveh el-Shmuel al-tavett el-marehu ve-el-geboh komato ki measetiho ki lo asher yireh haadam ki haadam yireh la'einayim vayahveh yireh lalevav.
'Vayyomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'el-Shmuel' means 'to Samuel', 'al-tavett' means 'do not look', 'el-marehu' means 'at his appearance', 've-el-geboh' means 'and at the height', 'komato' means 'of his stature', 'ki' means 'because', 'measetiho' means 'I have rejected him', 'lo' means 'not', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yireh' means 'he will see/see', 'haadam' means 'the man', 'la'einayim' means 'to the eyes' (i.e., outward appearance), 'vayahveh' again is 'Yahveh', and 'lalevav' means 'to the heart'.
[1SA.16.8] And Ishai called Abi-nadav and brought him before Samuel and said, Even here Yahveh did not choose. [§]
Vayikra Yishai el-Avinadav vayaa'averhu lefaney Shmuel vayomer gam-baze lo-bachar Yahveh.
'Vayikra' means 'and called', 'Yishai' is the proper name 'Ishai', 'el-Avinadav' means 'to Abi-nadav', 'vayaa'averhu' means 'and brought him', 'lefaney' means 'before', 'Shmuel' is the proper name 'Samuel', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'baze' means 'in this' or 'here', 'lo' means 'not', 'bachar' means 'choose' or 'select', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.16.9] And Yishai passed there, and said, Even this Yahveh did not choose. [§]
va-yaaver Yishai shammah va-yomer gam-baze lo-bachar Yahveh.
'va' means 'and', 'yaaver' means 'he passed', 'Yishai' is the proper name 'Yishai', 'shammah' means 'there' (a location), 'va-yomer' means 'and he said', 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'baze' means 'this', 'lo' means 'not', 'bachar' means 'choose', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.16.10] Jesse passed his seven sons before Samuel, and Samuel said to Jesse, Yahveh has not chosen these. [§]
Vayaaver Yishai shiv\'at banav lifnei Shmuel vayomer Shmuel el Yishai lo-bachar Yahveh ba'eleh.
'Vayaaver' means 'and he passed', 'Yishai' means 'Jesse', 'shiv\'at' means 'seven', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'vayomer' means 'and (he) said', 'el' means 'to', 'lo-bachar' means 'not chose', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ba'eleh' means 'these'.
[1SA.16.11] And Samuel said to Jesse, the youths the boys; and he said again the remaining the small, and behold a shepherd in the flock; and Samuel said to Jesse, send and take him, because he has not turned back until his coming here. [§]
Vayomer Shmu'el el Yishai hatamu ha-ne'arim vayomer od shaar ha-qatan ve-hineh ro'eh ba-tzon vayomer Shmu'el el Yishai shilchah ve-kachenhu ki lo nasov ad-bo'o po.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shmu'el' means 'Samuel', 'el' means 'to', 'Yishai' is the personal name 'Jesse', 'hatamu' means 'the youths' (literally 'the young ones'), 'ha-ne'arim' means 'the boys', 'vayomer' again 'and he said', 'od' means 'still' or 'again', 'shaar' means 'the remaining' or 'the rest', 'ha-qatan' means 'the little one' or 'the small', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'ro'eh' means 'shepherd', 'ba-tzon' means 'the flock', 'vayomer' again 'and he said', 'Shmu'el' again 'Samuel', 'el' again 'to', 'Yishai' again 'Jesse', 'shilchah' means 'send', 've-kachenhu' means 'and take him', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'nasov' means 'turn back' or 'return', 'ad' means 'until', 'bo'o' means 'his coming', 'po' means 'here'.
[1SA.16.12] And he sent and brought him, and he was red with beautiful eyes and good sight, and Yahveh said, 'Rise, anoint him, for this is he.' [§]
Vayishlach vayviehu vehu admoni im yefe einayim vetov roi vayomer Yahveh kum meshachehu ki zeh hu.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'vayviehu' means 'and he brought him', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'admoni' means 'red' or 'ruddy', 'im' means 'with', 'yefe' means 'beautiful', 'einayim' means 'eyes', 'vetov' means 'and good', 'roi' means 'sight' or 'seeing', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'kum' means 'rise', 'meshachehu' means 'anoint him', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'zeh' means 'this', 'hu' means 'he'.
[1SA.16.13] And Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him among his brothers, and the spirit of Yahveh went out to David from that day onward; and Samuel rose and went up the hill. [§]
Vayikach Shmuel et-keren hashmen vayimshach oto bekerov echav vatzlah ruach-Yahveh el-David mehayom hahohu vamala vayakam Shmuel vayelekh haramata.
'Vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Shmuel' is the proper name Samuel, 'et-keren' means 'the horn', 'hashmen' means 'of oil', 'vayimshach' means 'and he anointed', 'oto' means 'him', 'bekeroV' means 'among', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'vatzlah' means 'and went out' or 'rose', 'ruach-Yahveh' means 'spirit of Yahveh', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'mehayom' means 'from the day', 'hahohu' means 'that', 'vamala' means 'and upward' or 'henceforth', 'vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'Shmuel' again the name Samuel, 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'haramata' means 'the hill' (a place name).
[1SA.16.14] And the spirit of Yahveh departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from Yahveh afflicted him. [§]
ve-ruach Yahveh sarah me'im shaul u-bi-atatu ruach-raah me'et Yahveh.
've' means 'and', 'ruach' means 'spirit' or 'wind', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'sarah' means 'departed' or 'went away', 'me'im' means 'from', 'shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'u' is 'and', 'bi-atatu' is a construct meaning 'in his affliction' or 'caused him to experience', 'ruach-raah' means 'evil spirit', 'me'et' means 'from the hand of' or simply 'from', and the final 'Yahveh' again is the name of God.
[1SA.16.15] And the servants of Saul said to him, Behold, now a spirit of the Gods, an evil spirit, is oppressing you. [§]
Vayomru avdei Shaul elav hineh-na ruach elohim ra'ah meva'itecha.
'Vayomru' means 'And they said', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'elav' means 'to him', 'hineh-na' means 'behold, now', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ra'ah' means 'evil' or 'bad', 'meva'itecha' means 'is oppressing you' or 'is troubling you'.
[1SA.16.16] Please say, our Lord, your servants before you will seek a man who knows how to play the harp, and it will be when being upon you the spirit of the Gods evil, and he will play in his hand, and good to you. [§]
Yoamar-na Adonenu avadekha lefanekha yevakshu ish yodea menagen ba kinnor ve-hayah bihiyut al-ekha ruach Elohim raah ve-niggen byado ve-tov lakh.
"Yoamar-na" means "please say", "Adonenu" means "our Lord", "avadekha" means "your servants", "lefanekha" means "before you", "yevakshu" means "they will seek", "ish" means "a man", "yodea" means "knowing", "menagen" means "playing", "ba kinnor" means "the harp", "ve-hayah" means "and it will be", "bihiyut" means "when being", "al-ekha" means "upon you", "ruach Elohim" means "spirit of the Gods", "raah" means "evil", "ve-niggen" means "and he will play", "byado" means "in his hand", "ve-tov" means "and good", "lakh" means "to you".
[1SA.16.17] Saul said to his servants, 'See now for me a man skilled to play the harp, and bring him to me.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul el avadai reo na li ish meitiv le'nagen ve'haviotem elai.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'el' means 'to', 'avadai' means 'his servants', 'reo' means 'see', 'na' means 'now' (imperative particle), 'li' means 'for me', 'ish' means 'a man', 'meitiv' means 'skilled' or 'expert', 'le'nagen' means 'to play the harp' (literally 'to string' i.e., to play a stringed instrument), 've'haviotem' means 'and bring him' (ve- = 'and', haviotem = 'bring [them]' referring to the man), 'elai' means 'to me'.
[1SA.16.18] And one of the youths answered, 'Look, I have seen the son of Kish, of the house of bread; he knows how to play music, he is a mighty warrior, a man of war, a wise speaker, a man of distinction, and Yahveh is with him.' [§]
vaya'an echad mehane'arim vayomer hineh ra'iti ben le'ishai beit alachmi yode'a nagen vegibor chayil ve'ish milchamah u'nevon davar ve'ish toar vayahveh immo.
'vaya'an' means 'and answered', 'echad' means 'one', 'mehane'arim' means 'of the youths', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'ben le'ishai' means 'the son of Kish', 'beit alachmi' means 'the house of bread', 'yode'a' means 'knowing', 'nagen' means 'to play (a stringed instrument)', 've' means 'and', 'gibor' means 'mighty', 'chayil' means 'strength' or 'warrior', 've'ish milchamah' means 'and a man of war', 'u'nevon davar' means 'and a wise speaker', 've'ish toar' means 'and a man of distinction', 'vayahveh immo' means 'and Yahveh is with him'.
[1SA.16.19] And Saul sent messengers to Ishai, and said, Send me your son David who is in the flock. [§]
Vayishlach Shaul mal'achim el-Yishai vayomer shilchah elai et-David bincha asher batzon.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'mal'achim' means 'messengers', 'el' means 'to', 'Yishai' means 'Ishai', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'shilchah' means 'send', 'elai' means 'to me', 'et' is a direct‑object marker (no translation), 'David' means 'David', 'bincha' means 'your son', 'asher' means 'who', 'batzon' means 'in the flock'.
[1SA.16.20] And Jesse took a donkey, bread, a pot of wine, one kid goat, and sent by the hand of David his son to Saul. [§]
Vayyikach Yishai chamor lechem ve-no'ad yayin u-gedi izzim echad vayishlach be-yad David beno el Shaul.
'Vayyikach' means 'and he took', 'Yishai' means 'Jesse', 'chamor' means 'a donkey', 'lechem' means 'bread', 've-no'ad' means 'and a pot of', 'yayin' means 'wine', 'u-gedi' means 'and a kid (young goat)', 'izzim' means 'goats', 'echad' means 'one', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'be-yad' means 'by the hand of', 'David' means 'David', 'beno' means 'his son', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' means 'Saul'.
[1SA.16.21] And David came to Saul, stood before him, loved him greatly, and became his vessel-bearer. [§]
Vayyavo David el Shaul vayya'amod lefanav vayye'ahavehu me'od vayhi lo nouseh kelim.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'David' is the name David, 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'vayya'amod' means 'and he stood', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'vayye'ahavehu' means 'and he loved him', 'me'od' means 'greatly', 'vayhi' means 'and he became', 'lo' means 'to him' or 'his', 'nouseh' means 'bearer' or 'carrier', 'kelim' means 'vessels' or 'cups'.
[1SA.16.22] And Saul sent to Ishai, saying, "Let David stand before me, for he has found favor in my eyes." [§]
Vayishlach Shaul el Yishai leemor yaamod-na David lefanai ki matza chen beeinai.
'Vayishlach' means 'and sent', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'el' means 'to', 'Yishai' is the name 'Ishai' (Isaiah), 'leemor' means 'to say' or 'saying', 'yaamod' means 'let stand', '-na' is an emphatic particle equivalent to 'please', 'David' is the name 'David', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'matza' means 'found', 'chen' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'beeinei' means 'in my eyes'.
[1SA.16.23] And it will be when the spirit of the Gods is upon Saul, and David took the harp and played it with his hand, and he was comforted to Saul and it was good for him, and the evil spirit departed from him. [§]
vehayah bihyot ruach Elohim el Shaul velakach David et ha-kinor ve-nigen beyado ve-rawach leShaul ve-tov lo ve-sarah me'alav ruach ha-raah.
've' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'it will be', 'bihyot' means 'when', 'ruach' means 'spirit', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural), 'el' means 'to' or 'upon', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 've' again = 'and', 'lakach' means 'took', 'David' is a proper name, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-kinor' means 'the harp', 've-nigen' means 'and played', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 've-rawach' means 'and he was comforted/relaxed', 'leShaul' means 'to Saul', 've-tov' means 'and good', 'lo' means 'for him', 've-sarah' means 'and departed', 'me'alav' means 'from him', 'ruach' again = 'spirit', 'ha-raah' means 'the evil'.
1SA.17
[1SA.17.1] The Philistines gathered their camp for battle, and the men of Judah gathered at Sokoh, and they camped between Sokoh and Azeka in a place without water. [§]
Vayyasfu Plishtim et-machanehem lamilchamah vaye'esfu Sokoh asher liYehudah vayachanu bein Sokoh uvein Azeqa be'efes damim.
'Vayyasfu' means 'and they gathered', 'Plishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'et' is the object marker (often not translated), 'machanehem' means 'their camp', 'lamilchamah' means 'for battle', 'vaye'esfu' means 'and they gathered', 'Sokoh' is a place name, 'asher' means 'who', 'liYehudah' means 'of Judah', 'vayachanu' means 'and they camped', 'bein' means 'between', 'Sokoh' again the place, 'uvein' means 'and between', 'Azeqa' is a place name, 'be'efes' means 'in the absence of', 'damim' means 'water' (plural, used idiomatically for 'water source').
[1SA.17.2] And Saul and the men of Israel gathered and camped in the valley of God, and they prepared war to meet the Philistines. [§]
Ve-shaul ve-ish Israel ne'esfu va-yachanu be-emek ha-elah va-ya'archu milchamah liqr'at pelishtim.
'Ve' means 'and', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 've' again means 'and', 'ish' means 'man' or 'men', 'Israel' is the name Israel, 'ne'esfu' means 'gathered', 'va-yachanu' means 'and they camped', 'be-emek' means 'in the valley', 'ha-elah' means 'the God' (Elah translated as God), 'va-ya'archu' means 'and they prepared', 'milchamah' means 'war', 'liqr'at' means 'to meet', 'pelishtim' means 'the Philistines'.
[1SA.17.3] And the Philistines stood on the hill from this side, and Israel stood on the hill from this side, and the valley was between them. [§]
Uplishtim omdim el-hahar mitez veYisrael omdim el-hahar mitez vehagay beinehem.
'Uplishtim' means 'and the Philistines', 'omdim' means 'stood', 'el-hahar' means 'to the hill', 'mitez' means 'from this side', 'veYisrael' means 'and Israel', 'omdim' again means 'stood', 'el-hahar' again means 'to the hill', 'mitez' again means 'from this side', 'vehagay' means 'and the valley', 'beinehem' means 'between them'.
[1SA.17.4] And went out a man of the valleys from the camps of the Philistines, Goliath his name, of Gath, his height six cubits and a span. [§]
Vayetse ish ha-benaim mi-machannot Pelishtim Galyat shemo Mi'gat Gaveho shesh amot va-zaret.
'Vayetse' means 'and went out', 'ish' means 'man', 'ha-benaim' means 'of the valleys', 'mi-machannot' means 'from the camps', 'Pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'Galyat' is the name 'Goliath', 'shemo' means 'his name', 'Mi'gat' means 'of Gath', 'Gaveho' means 'his height', 'shesh' means 'six', 'amot' means 'cubits', 'va-zaret' means 'and a span'.
[1SA.17.5] and a bronze crown on his head, and a chain of links that he wore, and the weight of the chain was five thousand bronze shekels. [§]
vekhova nechoshet al-rosho ve-shiryon kaskasim hu lavush u-mishkal ha-shiryon chameshet-alafim shekalim nechoshet.
'vekhova' means 'and a crown', 'nechoshet' means 'of bronze', 'al-rosho' means 'on his head', 've-shiryon' means 'and a chain', 'kaskasim' means 'of links', 'hu' means 'it/he', 'lavush' means 'worn', 'u-mishkal' means 'and the weight', 'ha-shiryon' means 'of the chain', 'chameshet-alafim' means 'five thousand', 'shekalim' means 'shekels', 'nechoshet' means 'of bronze'.
[1SA.17.6] and a bronze object on his legs, and a bronze ornament between his hips. [§]
u-mitschat nechoshet al raglav ve-khidon nechoshet bein ketephav.
'u-' means 'and'; 'mitschat' is a noun whose exact meaning is uncertain but is understood as a bronze object or ornament; 'nechoshet' means 'bronze'; 'al' means 'on'; 'raglav' means 'his leg(s)'; 've-' means 'and'; 'khidon' is another bronze ornament, perhaps a band or strap; 'nechoshet' again means 'bronze'; 'bein' means 'between'; 'ketephav' means 'his hips' or 'his thighs'.
[1SA.17.7] And the tip of his spear was like a weaver's beam, and the iron of his spear was six hundred weights of iron, and the shield-bearer went before him. [§]
Vechet chanito kimnor orgim ve-lahavet chanito shesh-meot shekalim barzel ve-noseh hatzina holekh lefanav.
'Vechet' means 'and the tip', 'chanito' means 'of his spear', 'kimnor' means 'like a weaver's beam', 'orgim' means 'beam' (lit. a loom beam), 've-lahavet' means 'and the iron', 'shesh-meot' means 'six hundred', 'shekalim' means 'weights' (a measure of weight), 'barzel' means 'of iron', 've-noseh' means 'and the one who bears', 'hatzina' means 'the shield', 'holekh' means 'goes', 'lefanav' means 'before him'.
[1SA.17.8] And he stood and called to the ranks of Israel and said to them, Why do you go out to fight war? Is not I the Philistine, and you are servants of Saul? Choose for you a man and he will go down to me. [§]
vayamod vayikra el ma'arachot yisrael vayomer lahem lama tetsu la'aroch milchama halo anochi haphalisti veatem avadim leshaul beru lakhem ish veyered elai.
'vayamod' means 'and he stood', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'el' means 'to', 'ma'arachot' means 'the ranks', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'lama' means 'why', 'tetsu' means 'you go out', 'la'aroch' means 'to fight', 'milchama' means 'war', 'halo' means 'is not it', 'anochi' means 'I', 'haphalisti' means 'the Philistine', 'veatem' means 'and you', 'avadim' means 'servants', 'leshaul' means 'of Saul', 'beru' means 'choose', 'lakhem' means 'for you', 'ish' means 'a man', 'veyered' means 'and he will go down', 'elai' means 'to me'.
[1SA.17.9] If he can fight with me and strike me, and we become your slaves, and if I can defeat him and strike him, and you become our slaves, and you serve us. [§]
Im yukhal lehilachem iti ve'hikani ve'hayinu lachem la'avadim ve'im ani uchal-lo ve'hikiti vihi'tem lanu la'avadim ve'avadtem otanu.
'Im' means 'if', 'yukhal' means 'he can' or 'is able', 'lehilachem' means 'to fight', 'iti' means 'with me', 've' means 'and', 'hikani' means 'he strikes me' or 'he destroys me', 'vehayinu' means 'and we become', 'lachem' means 'to you' (plural), 'la'avadim' means 'as slaves' or 'servants', 've'im' means 'and if', 'ani' means 'I', 'uchal-lo' means 'I can (defeat) him', 've'hikiti' means 'and I strike him', 'vihi'tem' means 'and you become', 'lanu' means 'to us' (for us), 'la'avadim' again means 'as slaves', 've'avadtem' means 'and you serve', 'otanu' means 'us'.
[1SA.17.10] And the Philistine said, I am angry with Israel's arrangements today; give me a man and we will fight together. [§]
Vayomer ha-Philist ani cherapti et ma'arachot Yisrael hayom hazeh, tenu-li ish ve-nilachmah yachad.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-Philist' means 'the Philistine', 'ani' means 'I', 'cherapti' means 'am angry' or 'am offended', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ma'arachot' means 'arrangements' or 'plans', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hayom' means 'today', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'tenu-li' means 'give to me', 'ish' means 'a man', 've-nilachmah' means 'and we will fight', 'yachad' means 'together'.
[1SA.17.11] Saul and all Israel heard the words of these Philistines and were astonished and were very frightened. [§]
Vayishma Shaul vechol Yisrael et-dibre haPhilisti haelleh vayechatu vayiru meod.
'Vayishma' means 'and heard', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'et-dibre' means 'the words of', 'haPhilisti' means 'the Philistines', 'haelleh' means 'these', 'vayechatu' means 'and they were astonished', 'vayiru' means 'and they saw' (here used idiomatically for 'and were afraid'), 'meod' means 'very'.
[1SA.17.12] And David, son of a man of Ephrath, this one from the house of bread of Judah, and his name was Jesse, and he had eight sons; and the man, in the days of Saul, was old when he came among the people. [§]
veDavid ben ish Efrati hazeh miBeit lehem Yehudah, ushmo Yishai, ve-lo shemona banim, veha-ish biYmei Shaul zaken ba ba'anashim.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 'ben' means 'son', 'ish' means 'man', 'Efrati' means 'of Ephrath (Ephrathite)', 'hazeh' means 'this one', 'miBeit lehem' means 'from the house of bread' (Bethlehem), 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'ushmo' means 'and his name', 'Yishai' means 'Jesse', 've-lo' means 'and he had', 'shemona' means 'eight', 'banim' means 'sons', 'veha-ish' means 'and the man', 'biYmei' means 'in the days of', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'zaken' means 'old', 'ba' means 'came', 'ba'anashim' means 'among the men/people'.
[1SA.17.13] And three of the great sons of Jesse went after Saul to the battle, and the names of the three sons who went into the battle were: my God is father the firstborn, his younger brother Abinadab, and the third Shammah. [§]
Vayelechu shloshet b'nei-Yishai ha-g'dolim halchu acharay Shaul lamilchamah ve-shem shloshet banav asher halchu bamilchamah: Eliav hab'chor u-mishnehu Avinadav ve-hashlishi Shammah.
'Vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'shloshet' means 'three', 'b'nei-Yishai' means 'sons of Jesse', 'ha-g'dolim' means 'the great', 'halchu' means 'went', 'acharay' means 'after', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'lamilchamah' means 'to the battle', 've-shem' means 'and the names', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'asher' means 'who', 'Eliav' is composed of 'El' (God) + 'i' (my) + 'av' (father) so literally 'my God is father', 'hab'chor' means 'the firstborn', 'u-mishnehu' means 'and his younger brother', 'Avinadav' is a personal name meaning 'my father is noble', 've-hashlishi' means 'and the third', 'Shammah' is a personal name meaning 'the name' or 'the sun'.
[1SA.17.14] And David he is the younger and the three great ones went after Saul. [§]
veDavid hu ha-katan u-shlosha ha-gedolim halchu acharei Shaul.
've' means 'and', 'David' is the name David, 'hu' means 'he', 'ha-katan' means 'the younger' or 'the small', 'u' means 'and', 'shlosha' means 'three', 'ha-gedolim' means 'the great ones', 'halchu' means 'they went', 'acharei' means 'after' or 'behind', 'Shaul' is the name Saul.
[1SA.17.15] And David went and returned from Saul to shepherd his father's flock in the house of bread. [§]
veDavid holekh vashev me'al Shaul lir'ot et tzon aviv beit lachem.
'veDavid' means 'and David', 'holekh' means 'walking' or 'going', 'vashev' means 'and returning', 'me'al' means 'from (over) away from', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'lir'ot' means 'to shepherd' or 'to tend', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'tzon' means 'flock', 'aviv' means 'his father’s', 'beit' means 'house' and 'lachem' means 'of bread' (the literal meaning of Bethlehem).
[1SA.17.16] And the Philistine of the morning and the evening approached and stood for forty days. [§]
Vayigash ha-pelisti ha-shkem veha-arev vayityatsev arba'im yom.
'Vayigash' means 'and he approached', 'ha-pelisti' means 'the Philistine', 'ha-shkem' means 'the early' (morning), 'veha-arev' means 'and the evening', 'vayityatsev' means 'and he stood', 'arba'im' means 'forty', 'yom' means 'days'.
[1SA.17.17] And Jesse said to his son David, 'Take now for your brothers a piece of this unleavened one and ten loaves of this bread and the runner of the camp for your brothers.' [§]
Vayomer Yishai leDavid beno kach na le'acheicha eifat hakali hazeh ve'asara lechem hazeh ve'haresetz hamachaneh le'acheicha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yishai' is the name 'Jesse', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'beno' means 'his son', 'kach' means 'take', 'na' is a polite particle 'please', 'le'acheicha' means 'for your brothers', 'eifat' means 'a piece' or 'portion', 'hakali' means 'the unleavened (one)', 'hazeh' means 'this', 've'asara' means 'and ten', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'hazeh' means 'this', 've'haresetz' means 'and the runner', 'hamachaneh' means 'the camp', and the final 'le'acheicha' repeats 'for your brothers'.
[1SA.17.18] And you shall bring these ten curds of milk to the chief of the thousand, and you shall dispatch your brothers for peace, and you shall take their spoil. [§]
ve'et aseret charitzei hachalav ha'eleh tavi l'sar ha'aleph ve'et achikha tifkod l'shalom ve'et arubatam tiqach.
've''et' means 'and (the)'. 'aseret' means 'ten'. 'charitzei' means 'curds' or 'spoonfuls' of milk. 'hachalav' means 'of the milk'. 'ha'eleh' means 'these'. 'tavi' means 'you will bring'. 'l''sar' means 'to the chief' or 'to the prince'. 'ha'aleph' means 'of the thousand' (i.e., the commander of a thousand). 've''et' again means 'and (the)'. 'achikha' means 'your brothers'. 'tifkod' means 'you will send' or 'dispatch'. 'l''shalom' means 'for peace' (as a purpose). 've''et' again means 'and (the)'. 'arubatam' means 'their spoil' or 'their plunder'. 'tiqach' means 'you will take'.
[1SA.17.19] And Saul and they and all the men of Israel in the valley of the terebinth fought with the Philistines. [§]
veShaul vehem vekhol ish Yisrael baemek haela nilchamim im Pleshtim.
"ve" means "and", "Shaul" is a proper name, "vehem" means "and they", "vechol" means "and all", "ish" means "man", "Yisrael" means "Israel", "baemek" means "in the valley", "haela" means "the terebinth", "nilchamim" means "fought", "im" means "with", "Pleshtim" means "the Philistines".
[1SA.17.20] And David rose early in the morning, left the flock to the watchman, lifted it, and went as Jesse had ordered him. He came to the assembly, and the army that went out to the battle fought in war. [§]
vayashkem David ba-boker vayitosh et-hatzon al-shomer vayissa vayelekh ka'asher tzivahu Yishai vayavo hama'agala vehacahil hayo'tze el-hama'aracha veheru ba-milchama.
'vayashkem' means 'and he rose', 'David' is the name David, 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'vayitosh' means 'and he left', 'et-hatzon' means 'the flock', 'al-shomer' means 'to the watchman', 'vayissa' means 'and he lifted' or 'took up', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'tzivahu' means 'he ordered him', 'Yishai' means 'Jesse', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'hama'agala' means 'the assembly' or 'the turning', 'vehacahil' means 'and the army', 'hayo'tze' means 'the one that goes out', 'el-hama'aracha' means 'to the battle', 'veheru' means 'and they fought', 'ba-milchama' means 'in war'.
[1SA.17.21] And Israel and the Philistines arranged a battle to meet each other in battle. [§]
Vata'aroch Yisrael uPlishtim ma'arach likrat ma'arach.
'Vata'aroch' means 'and arranged', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'uPlishtim' means 'and the Philistines', 'ma'arach' means 'a battle' or 'an arrangement for battle', 'likrat' means 'to meet' or 'against', the second 'ma'arach' repeats the sense of 'battle'.
[1SA.17.22] And David abandoned the vessels from his hand to the keeper of the vessels, and he hurried the feast, and he came and asked his brothers for peace. [§]
vayitosh David et hakelim me'alav al yad shomer hakelim vayyaratz ha ma'aracha vayavo vayish'al le'echav leshalom.
'vayitosh' means 'and (he) left/abandoned', 'David' is the personal name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hakelim' means 'the vessels', 'me'alav' means 'from his (hand)', 'al' means 'to/at', 'yad' means 'hand', 'shomer' means 'keeper', 'hakelim' again 'the vessels', 'vayyaratz' means 'and (he) hurried/ran', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'ma'aracha' means 'arrangement' or 'feast', 'vayavo' means 'and (he) came', 'vayish'al' means 'and (he) asked', 'le'echav' means 'to his brothers', 'leshalom' means 'for peace'.
[1SA.17.23] And he was speaking with them, and behold, a man of the builders, Goliath the Philistine, whose name was from Gat of the Philistine forts, spoke these words, and David heard. [§]
vehu medaber imam vehineh ish habenayim oleh Golyat haplisti shmo migat mima'arot plishtim vayedaber kaddvarim haelle vayishma David.
'vehu' means 'and he', 'medaber' means 'was speaking', 'imam' means 'with them', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'ish' means 'man', 'habenayim' means 'of the builders', 'oleh' means 'going up' or 'coming forward', 'Golyat' is the proper name Goliath, 'haplisti' means 'the Philistine', 'shmo' means 'his name', 'migat' means 'from Gat', 'mima'arot' means 'from the fortresses', 'plishtim' means 'Philistines', 'vayedaber' means 'and he spoke', 'kaddvarim' means 'these words', 'haelle' means 'these', 'vayishma' means 'and heard', 'David' is the proper name David.
[1SA.17.24] And every man of Israel, when they saw the man, fled before him and were very afraid. [§]
vechol ish Yisrael birotam et-haish vayanusu mipaneiv vayiru meod.
'vechol' means 'and every', 'ish' means 'man', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'birotam' means 'when they saw', 'et-haish' means 'the man', 'vayanusu' means 'they fled', 'mipaneiv' means 'before him', 'vayiru' means 'they were afraid', 'meod' means 'greatly'.
[1SA.17.25] And a man of Israel said, 'Look at this man who is going up, because he will plunder Israel, and the man who strikes him will make him rich; the king will have great wealth, and he will give his daughter to him, and he will make his father's house free in Israel.' [§]
vayomer ish Yisrael hareitem ha ish haoleh hazeh ki lecharif et Yisrael oleh vehayah ha ish asher yakennu yaashrenu ha melech osher gadol ve et bitoh yiten lo ve et beit aviv yaaseh chofshi beYisrael
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'ish' means 'man', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hareitem' means 'behold' or 'look', 'ha' means 'the', 'ish' means 'man', 'haoleh' means 'the one who goes up', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ki' means 'because', 'lecharif' means 'to plunder' or 'to seize', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'oleh' means 'goes up', 'vehayah' means 'and he will be', 'ha ish' means 'the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'yakennu' means 'strikes him', 'yaashrenu' means 'will make him rich', 'ha melech' means 'the king', 'osher' means 'wealth', 'gadol' means 'great', 've' means 'and', 'et' particle, 'bitoh' means 'his daughter', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'lo' means 'to him', 've et' means 'and the', 'beit aviv' means 'house of his father', 'yaaseh' means 'will make', 'chofshi' means 'free' or 'liberated', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel'.
[1SA.17.26] And David said to the men standing with him, 'What shall be done for the man who will strike the Philistine this one and remove shame from upon Israel, because who is this Philistine that is humbled, because he shames the arrangements of the Gods of life.' [§]
Vayomer David el-ha'anashim ha'omedim immo le'emor mah-ye'aseh la'ish asher yakkeh et-hap'lishti ha-laz vehesir cherpah me'al Yisrael ki mi hap'lishti he'arel hazeh ki cheraf ma'arachot Elohim chayyim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'el' means 'to', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'ha'omedim' means 'standing', 'immo' means 'with him', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'mah' means 'what', 'ye'aseh' means 'shall be done', 'la'ish' means 'for the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'yakkeh' means 'will strike', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hap'lishti' means 'the Philistine', 'ha-laz' means 'this one', 'vehesir' means 'and will remove', 'cherpah' means 'shame' or 'humiliation', 'me'al' means 'from upon', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ki' means 'because', 'mi' means 'who', 'he'arel' means 'the wretched' or 'the humbled', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'cheraf' means 'shames', 'ma'arachot' means 'arrangements' or 'plans', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'chayyim' means 'life'.
[1SA.17.27] And the people said to him, 'Concerning this matter, saying: Thus shall be done to the man who will strike him.' [§]
Vayomer lo haam kadavar hazeh leemor koh yeaseh laish asher yakennu.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'haam' means 'the people', 'kadavar' means 'about the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'koh' means 'thus', 'yeaseh' means 'shall be done', 'laish' means 'to the man', 'asher' means 'who', 'yakennu' means 'will strike him'.
[1SA.17.28] And Godyav, his older brother the great, heard his speaking to the men, and Godyav's anger burned against David, and he said, 'Why did you come down, and on whom have you left a few of the flock here in the desert? I know your pride and the evil in your heart, because in order to see the battle you came down.' [§]
Vayishma Eliyav achiv hagedol be'davro el-ha'anashim vayichar-af Eliyav beDavid vayomer lama-zeh yeredta ve'al-mi natashata me'at hatson ha-heinah ba-midbar ani yada'ti et-zedonkha ve'et ro'a levavkha ki lema'an re'ot ha-milchamah yaredta.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'Eliyav' is a personal name containing the divine element El (translated as God), so rendered as 'Godyav'; 'achiv' means 'his older brother', 'hagedol' means 'the great', 'be'davro' means 'in his speaking', 'el-ha'anashim' means 'to the men', 'vayichar-af' means 'and his anger burned', 'beDavid' means 'against David', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lama-zeh' means 'why this', 'yeredta' means 'you descended', 've'al-mi' means 'and on whom', 'natashata' means 'you left', 'me'at' means 'a few', 'hatson' means 'the flock', 'ha-heinah' means 'here', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the desert', 'ani' means 'I', 'yada'ti' means 'knew', 'et-zedonkha' means 'your pride', 've'et' means 'and the', 'ro'a' means 'evil' or 'wickedness', 'levavkha' means 'your heart', 'ki' means 'because', 'lema'an' means 'in order that', 're'ot' means 'to see', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the battle', 'yaredta' means 'you came down'.
[1SA.17.29] And David said, What have I done now? Is it not a thing? [§]
Vayomer David mah asiti ata halo davar hu.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'mah' means 'what', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'ata' means 'now', 'halo' means 'is not', 'davar' means 'thing' or 'matter', 'hu' means 'it'.
[1SA.17.30] And he turned from his side toward another, and said, 'Like this matter,' and he turned the people back, a matter like the first matter. [§]
Vayisov me etzo el mul achar vayomer ka-davar ha-ze vayeshivuhu ha-am davar ka-davar ha-rishon.
'Vayisov' means 'and he turned (around)'; 'me etzo' means 'from his side'; 'el mul' means 'toward' or 'to the face of'; 'achar' means 'another' or 'other'; 'vayomer' means 'and he said'; 'ka-davar' means 'as the thing' or 'like the matter'; 'ha-ze' means 'this'; 'vayeshivuhu' means 'and he turned him/it back' (or 'he caused it to return'); 'ha-am' means 'the people'; 'davar' means 'matter' or 'thing'; 'ka-davar ha-rishon' means 'as the first matter' or 'like the previous thing'.
[1SA.17.31] They heard the words that David spoke, and they reported them before Saul, and he took him. [§]
Vayeshemu ha-dvarim asher diber David vayagidu lifnei Shaul vayikachehu.
'Vayeshemu' means 'and they heard', 'ha-dvarim' means 'the words', 'asher' means 'that', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'David' is the proper name David, 'vayagidu' means 'and they reported', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'vayikachehu' means 'and he took him'.
[1SA.17.32] And David said to Saul, 'Do not let a man's heart fall upon you; your servant will go and fight this Philistine.' [§]
Vayomer David el Shaul al yippol lev adam alav avdecha yeilech venilcham im ha-pelishtiy hazeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'al' means 'do not', 'yippol' means 'let fall', 'lev' means 'heart', 'adam' means 'man' (in idiom 'a man's heart'), 'alav' means 'upon him/you', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'yeilech' means 'will go', 've' is a conjunction 'and', 'nilcham' means 'will fight', 'im' means 'with', 'ha-pelishtiy' means 'the Philistine', 'hazeh' means 'this'. The phrase 'al yippol lev adam alav' is an idiom meaning 'do not let fear or a discouraging heart affect you'.
[1SA.17.33] And Saul said to David, 'You cannot go to that Philistine to fight him, because you are a youth and he is a man of war among his youths.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul el-David lo tukhal lalekhet el-haplishti hazeh lehilachem immo ki-naar attah vehu ish milchamah min-ne'urav.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the proper name David, 'lo' means 'not', 'tukhal' means 'you can', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'el' means 'to', 'haplishti' means 'the Philistine', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'lehilachem' means 'to fight', 'immo' means 'with him', 'ki' means 'because', 'naar' means 'youth', 'attah' means 'you', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'ish' means 'man', 'milchamah' means 'of war', 'min-ne'urav' means 'among his youths'.
[1SA.17.34] And David said to Saul, 'Shepherd, your servant was with his father in the flock, and the lion came and the bear, and he took a lamb from the herd.' [§]
vayomer David el Shaul ro'eh hayah avdecha le'aviv ba-tsoan u'va ha'ari ve-et ha-dov ve-nasa seh me-ha'eder.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'ro'eh' means 'shepherd', 'hayah' means 'was', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'le'aviv' means 'to his father', 'ba-tsoan' means 'in the flock', 'u'va' means 'and came', 'ha'ari' means 'the lion', 've-et' means 'and', 'ha-dov' means 'the bear', 've-nasa' means 'and took', 'seh' means 'a lamb', 'me-ha'eder' means 'from the herd'.
[1SA.17.35] And I went out after him and I struck him and I saved him from his mouth and he rose against me and I grew strong in his old age and I struck him and I killed him. [§]
ve-yatzati acharav ve-hiktiv ve-hitzalti mipiy vayakam alai ve-hechazakti bizkano ve-hiktiv va-hamiti.
've-yatzati' means 'and I went out', 'acharav' means 'after him', 've-hiktiv' means 'and I struck him', 've-hitzalti' means 'and I saved', 'mipiy' means 'from his mouth', 'vayakam' means 'he rose', 'alai' means 'against me', 've-hechazakti' means 'and I grew strong', 'bizkano' means 'in his old age', 'va-hamiti' means 'and I killed him'. The phrase 've-hitzalti mipiy' is an idiom that can be rendered literally as 'I saved from his mouth', which may imply rescuing someone from harmful speech or a dangerous situation.
[1SA.17.36] Also the lion, also the bear struck your servant, and the Philistine this hare will be like one of them because he defiles the plans of the Gods life. [§]
Gam et-ha'ari gam-hadob hikka avdeka ve-hayah ha-Phelistiy he'arel hazeh ke'echad mehem ki cheref ma'arachot haElohim chayyim.
'Gam' means 'also', 'et' is accusative particle, 'ha'ari' means 'the lion', 'gam' again 'also', 'hadob' means 'the bear', 'hikka' means 'struck', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 've' means 'and', 'hayah' means 'will be', 'ha-Phelistiy' means 'the Philistine', 'he'arel' means 'this hare', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ke'echad' means 'like one', 'mehem' means 'of them', 'ki' means 'because', 'cheref' means 'defiles', 'ma'arachot' means 'plans', 'haElohim' means 'the Gods', 'chayyim' means 'life'.
[1SA.17.37] And David said, Yahveh who saved me from the lion's hand and from the bear's hand, He will save me from the hand of this Philistine. Then Saul said to David, Go, and Yahveh will be with you. [§]
Vayomer David Yahveh asher hitzilani miyad ha'ari u-miyad ha-dov, huwa yatzileni miyad ha-Philisti hazeh. Savoyomer Shaul el-David lekh, v'Yahveh yihyeh immach.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the personal name, 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'hitzilani' means 'saved me', 'mi' means 'from', 'yada' means 'hand', 'ha'ari' means 'the lion', 'u' means 'and', 'ha-dov' means 'the bear', 'huwa' means 'he', 'yatzileni' means 'will save me', 'mi... ha-Philisti' means 'from the hand of the Philistine', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'Savoyomer' means 'then he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'el-David' means 'to David', 'lekh' means 'go', 'v'Yahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'immach' means 'with you'.
[1SA.17.38] And Saul clothed David with his armor, and gave him a bronze helmet on his head, and clothed him with a coat. [§]
vayalbesh Shaul et David madav ve'natan kovah nechoshet al rosho vayalbesh oto shiryon.
'vayalbesh' means 'and (he) clothed', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'David' is the name David, 'madav' means 'his armor', 've'natan' means 'and gave', 'kovah' means 'helmet', 'nechoshet' means 'bronze', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'rosho' means 'his head', the second 'vayalbesh' again means 'and clothed', 'oto' means 'him', and 'shiryon' means 'a coat' or 'a shirt'.
[1SA.17.39] David girded his sword from his bosom and went out because he had not tested. Then David said to Saul, 'I cannot go out in these matters because I have not tested,' and David withdrew it from him. [§]
vayachgor David et-harbeh me'al lemadav vayyoel lalekhet ki lo nisa vayyoamer David el Shaul lo uchal lalekhet ba'eleh ki lo nissiti vaysirem David me'alo.
'vayachgor' means 'and he girded', 'David' is the proper name, 'et-harbeh' means 'his sword', 'me'al' means 'from', 'lemadav' means 'his bosom', 'vayyoel' means 'and he went out', 'lalekhet' means 'to go', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo nisa' means 'he did not test/try', 'vayyoamer' means 'and he said', 'el Shaul' means 'to Saul', 'lo uchal' means 'I cannot', 'lalekhet ba'eleh' means 'go out in these [matters]', 'ki lo nissiti' means 'because I did not test', 'vaysirem' means 'and he withdrew', 'me'alo' means 'from him'.
[1SA.17.40] And he took his staff in his hand, and chose five smooth stones from the stream, and placed them in the bag of his shepherds, and in the sack, and broke them in his hand, and approached the Philistine. [§]
Vayikkaḥ maklo beyado vayivḥar lo ḥamisha ḥalukei‑avanim min‑hanachal vayasem otam bikheli haro'im asher‑lo uvyalkut ve‑kal‘o beyado vayigash el‑haplīstī.
'Vayikkaḥ' means 'and he took', 'maklo' means 'his staff', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'vayivḥar' means 'and he chose', 'lo' means 'for him', 'ḥamisha' means 'five', 'ḥalukei‑avanim' means 'smooth stones', 'min‑hanachal' means 'from the stream', 'vayasem' means 'and he placed', 'otam' means 'them', 'bikheli' means 'in the bag', 'haro'im' means 'of the shepherds', 'asher‑lo' means 'that belonged to him', 'uvyalkut' means 'and in the sack', 've‑kal‘o' means 'and he broke [them]', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'vayigash' means 'and he approached', 'el‑haplīstī' means 'the Philistine'.
[1SA.17.41] And the Philistine went, walking and drew near to David, and the man bearing the banner was before him. [§]
Vayelekh hapelasti holekh ve karev el-David ve ha-ish noseh hatzinna lefanav.
'Vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'hapelasti' means 'the Philistine', 'holekh' means 'walking' or 'going', 've' means 'and', 'karev' means 'he drew near', 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the name David, 've' again means 'and', 'ha-ish' means 'the man', 'noseh' means 'bearing' or 'carrying', 'hatzinna' means 'the banner', 'lefanav' means 'before him'.
[1SA.17.42] And the Philistine looked and saw David and despised him because he was a youth and comely in appearance. [§]
Vayabet ha-Philisti vayireh et David vayivzehu ki hayah na'ar ve'admoni im yafeh mareh.
'Vayabet' means 'and he looked', 'ha-Philisti' means 'the Philistine', 'vayireh' means 'and he saw', 'et' is an accusative marker (no English equivalent), 'David' is the proper name 'David', 'vayivzehu' means 'and he despised him', 'ki' means 'because', 'hayah' means 'he was', 'na'ar' means 'a youth', 've'admoni' means 'and comely/handsome', 'im' means 'with', 'yafeh' means 'beautiful', 'mareh' means 'appearance'.
[1SA.17.43] And the Philistine said to David, 'Am I a dog, that you come to me with a staff?' And the Philistine cursed David by his Gods. [§]
Vayomer haphlisti el-David ha-keleb anochi ki attah ba elai ba-maklot vayekallel haphlisti et-David be-Elohav.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'haphlisti' means 'the Philistine', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'ha-keleb' means 'a dog' (with the article suggesting a rhetorical question), 'anochi' means 'I', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'attah' means 'you', 'ba' means 'come', 'elai' means 'to me', 'ba-maklot' means 'with a staff', 'vayekallel' means 'and he cursed', 'et-David' marks the object 'David', 'be-Elohav' means 'by his Gods' (using the literal translation of Elohim as 'the Gods').
[1SA.17.44] And the Philistine said to David, "Come to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the heavens and to the beasts of the field." [§]
Vayomer ha-Philistiy el-David lecha elei ve'etnah et-besarcha le'of ha-shamayim ulevhemah ha-sadeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-Philistiy' means 'the Philistine', 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the name, 'lecha' means 'come', 'elei' means 'to me', 've'etnah' means 'and I will give', 'et-besarcha' means 'your flesh', 'le'of' means 'to the birds', 'ha-shamayim' means 'the heavens', 'ulevhemah' means 'and to the beasts', 'ha-sadeh' means 'the field'.
[1SA.17.45] And David said to the Philistine, "You come to me with sword, spear, and javelin; and I come to you in the name of Yahveh of hosts, God of the armies of Israel, whom you have offended." [§]
Vayomer David el-haplisti atah ba elai becheret uvechanit uvekhidon ve'anokhi ba-eilech b'shem Yahveh Tzevaot Elohei Ma'arakhot Yisrael asher cheraptah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the proper name David, 'el-haplisti' means 'to the Philistine', 'atah' means 'you', 'ba' means 'come', 'elai' means 'to me', 'becheret' means 'with sword', 'uvechanit' means 'and with spear', 'uvekhidon' means 'and with javelin', 've'anokhi' means 'and I', 'ba-eilech' means 'come', 'b'shem' means 'in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal rendering of YHVH, 'Tzevaot' means 'hosts', 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'Ma'arakhot' means 'armies', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'who/whom', 'cheraptah' means 'you have offended'.
[1SA.17.46] This day the Yahveh will bind you in my hand, and I will strike you, and I will take off your head from above you; and I will give a corpse of the Philistine camp this day to the birds of the heavens and to the beasts of the earth; and all the earth will know that there are the Gods for Israel. [§]
Hayom hazeh y'sagerekha Yahveh b'yadi vehikittekha v'hasiroti et roshkha me'alekha venatati peger machaneh plishtim hayom hazeh leof hashamaim ulechayat haaretz veyedu kol haaretz ki yesh Elohim leYisrael.
"Hayom" means "today", "hazeh" means "this", "y'sagerekha" means "will bind you", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH, "b'yadi" means "in my hand", "vehakittekha" means "and I will strike you", "v'hasiroti" means "and I will take off", "et" is the direct‑object marker, "roshkha" means "your head", "me'alekha" means "from above you", "venatati" means "and I will give", "peg er" (peg er) means "a corpse", "machaneh" means "camp", "plishtim" means "Philistines", "leof" means "to the birds", "hashamaim" means "the heavens", "ulechayat" means "and to the beasts", "haaretz" means "the earth", "veyedu" means "and they will know", "kol" means "all", "ki" means "that", "yesh" means "there is", "Elohim" is the literal translation of the word meaning "the Gods", "leYisrael" means "for Israel".
[1SA.17.47] And all the assembly here shall know that it is not by sword nor by bow that Yahveh saves, for the war belongs to Yahveh, and He will give you into our hand. [§]
ve yed'u kol hakahal hazeh ki lo becher ev ubachanit yehoshia yahveh ki layahveh hamilchamah venatan etchem beyadenu.
've' means 'and', 'yed'u' means 'they will know', 'kol' means 'all', 'hakahal' means 'the assembly', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ki' means 'that/because', 'lo' means 'not', 'becher' means 'by sword', 'ev' means 'and', 'ubachanit' means 'by a bow', 'yehoshia' means 'Yahveh saves', 'yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'ki' means 'for', 'layahveh' means 'to Yahveh', 'hamilchamah' means 'the war', 'venatan' means 'and He will give', 'etchem' means 'you (plural)', 'beyadenu' means 'in our hand'.
[1SA.17.48] And it shall be, when the Philistine rises, he will go and draw near to meet David, and David will hurry, and he will run the battle line to meet the Philistine. [§]
vehayah ki kam ha-pelasti vayelekh vayikrav likrat David vayemaher David vayyaratz ha-ma'aracha likrat ha-pelasti.
vehayah means and it shall be; ki means when; kam means the Philistine rises; ha-pelasti is the Philistine; vayelekh means he will go; vayikrav means and he will draw near; likrat means to meet; David is the name David; vayemaher means and David will hurry; vayyaratz means and he will run; ha-ma'aracha means the battle line; likrat again means to meet; ha-pelasti again the Philistine.
[1SA.17.49] And David sent his hand to the sling, and he took a stone from there, hurled it, and struck the Philistine on his cheek; the stone sank into his cheek, and he fell on his face to the ground. [§]
vayishlach David et-yado el-hakeili vayikach misham even vayekalla vayich et-haplishti el-mitzcho vatitba haeven b'mitzcho vayipol al-panav artsa.
'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'David' is the proper name, 'et-yado' means 'his hand', 'el-hakeili' means 'to the sling', 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'misham' means 'from there', 'even' means 'stone', 'vayekalla' means 'and he hurled', 'vayich' means 'and he struck', 'et-haplishti' means 'the Philistine', 'el-mitzcho' means 'to his cheek', 'vatitba' means 'and it sank', 'haeven' means 'the stone', 'b'mitzcho' means 'in his cheek', 'vayipol' means 'and he fell', 'al-panav' means 'on his face', 'artsa' means 'to the ground'.
[1SA.17.50] And David took a staff and a stone from the Philistine, struck the Philistine and killed him, and there was no sword in David's hand. [§]
Vayechazek David min ha-Philisti ba-kela u-beven vayach et ha-Philisti vayemitihu vecherav ein be-yad-David.
'Vayechazek' means 'and he strengthened himself' (also understood as 'and he took'), 'David' is the personal name, 'min' means 'from', 'ha-Philisti' means 'the Philistine', 'ba-kela' means 'with a staff', 'u-beven' means 'and a stone', 'vayach' means 'and he struck', 'et' is the object marker with no direct translation, 'ha-Philisti' again means 'the Philistine', 'vayemitihu' means 'and he killed him', 'vecherav' means 'and a sword', 'ein' means 'there was not', 'be-yad' means 'in the hand of', and the final 'David' repeats the name.
[1SA.17.51] David ran and stood before the Philistine, and took his sword and thrust it into his belly and killed him and cut off his head, and the Philistines saw that their hero was dead and they fled. [§]
Vayaratz David vayya'amod el-haplisti vayyiqach et charvo vayishlefah mit'arah vaymutetehu vayikrat bah et rosho vayiru haplistim ki-met gibboram vayanusu.
'Vayaratz' means 'and ran', 'David' is the personal name David, 'vayya'amod' means 'and stood', 'el-haplisti' means 'to the Philistine', 'vayyiqach' means 'and took', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'charvo' means 'his sword', 'vayishlefah' means 'and thrust it', 'mit'arah' means 'into his belly', 'vaymutetehu' means 'and killed him', 'vayikrat' means 'and cut off', 'bah' means 'in it' (referring to the head), 'et' again the object marker, 'rosho' means 'his head', 'vayiru' means 'and they saw', 'haplistim' means 'the Philistines', 'ki-met' means 'that (he) is dead', 'gibboram' means 'their champion' or 'hero', 'vayanusu' means 'and they fled'.
[1SA.17.52] The men of Israel and Judah rose up, pursued the Philistines as far as the arrival at Gai and to the gates of Ekron, and they fell the slain Philistines on the road to Sha'arayim, as well as to Gat and to Ekron. [§]
vayakumu anshei yisrael viyehudah vayariu vayirdfu et haplishtim ad boacha gai vead shaarei ekron vayiplu challei plishtim be derekh sha'arayim vead gat vead ekron
'vayakumu' means 'and they arose', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'yisrael' means 'Israel', 'viyehudah' means 'and Judah', 'vayariu' means 'and they pursued', 'vayirdfu' means 'and they chased', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'haplishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'ad' means 'as far as', 'boacha' means 'the coming', 'gai' is a place name, 'vead' means 'and to', 'shaarei' means 'the gates of', 'ekron' is a place name, 'vayiplu' means 'and they fell', 'challei' means 'the slain', 'plishtim' again 'Philistines', 'be derekh' means 'in the way of', 'sha'arayim' is a place name, 'gat' is a place name.
[1SA.17.53] And the children of Israel turned back from the east behind the Philistines and set up their camps. [§]
Vayashuvu b'nei Yisrael middlok acharai Pelistim vayashosu et machanehem.
'Vayashuvu' means 'and they turned back' (vav + qal perfect 3rd plural of shuv). 'b'nei Yisrael' means 'the children of Israel'. 'middlok' is understood as 'from the east' (mid = from, dlok = a region denoted as Dalok). 'acharai Pelistim' means 'after/behind the Philistines'. 'vayashosu' means 'and they set (up)'. 'et' is the direct‑object marker. 'machanehem' means 'their camps'.
[1SA.17.54] And David took the head of the Philistine, brought it to Jerusalem, and placed its spoil in his tent. [§]
Vayikach David et-rosh ha-Phelishti vayvi'eihu Yerushalem ve-et-kelav sam be'aholo.
'Vayikach' means 'And he took', 'David' is the name David, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'rosh' means 'head', 'ha-Phelishti' means 'the Philistine', 'vayvi'eihu' means 'and he brought it', 'Yerushalem' means 'Jerusalem', 've-et' means 'and (the) [object]', 'kelav' means 'its spoil' or 'its vessels', 'sam' means 'he placed', 'be'aholo' means 'in his tent'.
[1SA.17.55] And when Saul saw David going out to meet the Philistine, he said to Abner, captain of the army, 'Whose son is this youth, Abner?' And Abner answered, 'Live your life, O king, if I know.' [§]
vekhirot Shaul et David yotze likro'et haplischti amar el Abner sar hatzava ben mi ze hanaar Abner vayomer Abner chei-nafshcha hamelech im yadati
'vekhirot' means 'and when he saw', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'David' means 'David', 'yotze' means 'going out', 'likro\'et' means 'to meet', 'haplischti' means 'the Philistine', 'amar' means 'said', 'el' means 'to', 'Abner' means 'Abner', 'sar' means 'captain', 'hatzava' means 'the army', 'ben' means 'son', 'mi' means 'who', 'ze' means 'this', 'hanaar' means 'the youth', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'chei-nafshcha' means 'live your life', 'hamelech' means 'the king', 'im' means 'if', 'yadati' means 'I know'.
[1SA.17.56] And the king said, "Ask yourself, whose son is this world?" [§]
vayomer ha-melek sheal attah ben mi zeh ha-olam.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melek' means 'the king', 'sheal' means 'ask', 'attah' means 'you', 'ben' means 'son', 'mi' means 'who', 'zeh' means 'this', 'ha-olam' means 'the world'.
[1SA.17.57] When David returned from striking the Philistine, he took him, Abner, and brought him before Saul, and the Philistine's head was in his hand. [§]
ukshuv david mehakot et-haplisti vayikach oto avner vayvi'ehu lifnei shaul verosh haplisti beyado.
'ukshuv' means 'and when [he] returned', 'david' is the name David, 'mehakot' means 'from the striking', 'et-haplisti' means 'the Philistine' (object marker 'et' plus 'haplisti'), 'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'oto' means 'him', 'avner' is the name Abner, 'vayvi'ehu' means 'and he brought him', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'shaul' is the name Saul, 'verosh' means 'and the head', 'haplisti' again 'the Philistine', 'beyado' means 'in his hand'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translation of God's names was needed.
[1SA.17.58] And he said to him, Saul, son of who are you, youth? And he said, David, son of your servant, Jesse of the house of bread. [§]
Vayomer elav Shaul ben-mi atah ha-na'ar vayomer David ben-avdecha Yishai beit ha-lachmi.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'ben-mi' means 'son of who', 'atah' means 'you', 'ha-na'ar' means 'the youth', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'ben-avdecha' means 'son of your servant', 'Yishai' is the name Jesse, 'beit' means 'house', 'ha-lachmi' means 'of the bread'.
1SA.18
[1SA.18.1] And it happened when he had finished speaking to Saul, and the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David, and Jonathan loved David as his own soul. [§]
vayhi kechaloto ledaber el Shaul ve-nephesh Yehonatan niksherah be-nephesh David vay'ehavehu Yehonatan ke nafsho.
'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'kechaloto' means 'when he had finished', 'ledaber' means 'to speak', 'el Shaul' means 'to Saul', 've-nephesh' means 'and the soul', 'Yehonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'niksherah' means 'was bound', 'be-nephesh' means 'to the soul', 'David' means 'David', 'vay'ehavehu' means 'and he loved him', 'Yehonatan' again means 'Jonathan', 'ke nafsho' means 'as his own soul'.
[1SA.18.2] And Saul took him that day and did not let him return to his father's house. [§]
Vayikachehu Shaul bayom hahu velo netano leshuv beit aviv.
'Vayikachehu' means 'and he took him', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'velo' means 'and not', 'netano' means 'he let him', 'leshuv' means 'to return', 'beit' means 'house', 'aviv' means 'of his father'.
[1SA.18.3] And Jonathan and David made a covenant in God's love toward him as his own soul. [§]
va-yikhrot yehonatan ve-david berit beahavato oto kenafsho.
'va' means 'and', 'yikhrot' means 'he made a covenant', 'yehonatan' is the proper name 'Jonathan', 've-david' means 'and David', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'beahavato' means 'in his love' (the 'his' referring to God, Yahveh), 'oto' means 'him', 'kenafsho' means 'as his own soul' or 'as his own life'.
[1SA.18.4] And Jonathan took off the robe that was on him and gave it to David, his cloak, and his sword, his bow, and his belt. [§]
Vayitpashesh Yehonatan et ha-me'il asher alav vayittenehu leDavid u-maddav ve-ad cherbo ve-ad kashto ve-ad chagoro.
'Vayitpashesh' means 'and he took off', 'Yehonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-me'il' means 'the robe' or 'the mantle', 'asher' means 'that', 'alav' means 'was on him', 'vayittenehu' means 'and gave it to him', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'u-maddav' means 'and his cloak', 've-ad' means 'and to', 'cherbo' means 'his sword', 'kashto' means 'his bow', 'chagoro' means 'his belt'.
[1SA.18.5] And David went out with all that Saul would send him, and Saul placed him over the men of war, and he was pleasing in the eyes of all the people, and also in the eyes of Saul's servants. [§]
Vayetze David bechol asher yishlachenoo Shaul yashkil veyismehu Shaul al anshei hamilchamah vayitav be'einei kol-haam vegam be'einei avdei Shaul.
'Vayetze' means 'and he went out', 'David' is the name David, 'bechol' means 'with all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yishlachenoo' means 'he will send him', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'yashkil' means 'will be wise/clever', 'veyismehu' means 'and he placed him', another 'Shaul' repeats the name, 'al' means 'over', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'hamilchamah' means 'the war', 'vayitav' means 'and he was pleasing', 'be'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'kol-haam' means 'all the people', 'vegam' means 'also', another 'be'einei' repeats 'in the eyes of', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', and the final 'Shaul' repeats the name Saul.
[1SA.18.6] And it happened, when they came, when David returned from striking the Philistines, the women went out from all the cities of Israel to sing and with timbrels to meet King Saul with tambourines, with joy and with celebrations. [§]
Vayehi bevoam be-shuv David me-hakot et-haplisti vateitze ha-nashim mi-kol-arei Yisrael la-shir ve-hamcholot likrat Shaul ha-melech be-tupim be-simcha uve-shalishim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'bevoam' means 'when they came', 'be-shuv' means 'when (he) returned', 'David' is the personal name David, 'me-hakot' means 'from striking', 'et-haplisti' means 'the Philistines', 'vateitze' means 'and went out', 'ha-nashim' means 'the women', 'mi-kol-arei' means 'from all the cities of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'la-shir' means 'to sing', 've-hamcholot' means 'and the timbrels', 'likrat' means 'to meet', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'ha-melech' means 'the king', 'be-tupim' means 'with tambourines', 'be-simcha' means 'with joy', 'uve-shalishim' means 'and with celebrations'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translations are required.
[1SA.18.7] And the playing women answered and said, "He struck Saul in his thousands, and David in his tens of thousands." [§]
Vata'aneh hanashim hamashachakot vato'marnah hikkah Shaul ba'alpho v'David berivvotav.
'Vata'aneh' means 'and (the) women answered', 'hanashim' means 'the women', 'hamashachakot' means 'the playing (women)', 'vato'marnah' means 'and they said', 'hikkah' means 'he struck', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'ba'alpho' means 'in his thousands', 'v'David' means 'and David', 'berivvotav' means 'in his tens of thousands'.
[1SA.18.8] And Saul was very angry, and this matter seemed bad in his eyes, and he said, "They gave many [things] to David, and they gave me the thousands, yet the kingdom is for him alone." [§]
Vayichar leShaul meod vayera be'ine ha-davar ha-ze vayomer natnu leDavid revavot ve li natnu ha'alafim veod lo ach ha-melucha.
'Vayichar' means 'and he became angry', 'leShaul' means 'to Saul', 'meod' means 'very', 'vayera' means 'and it seemed bad', 'be'ine' means 'in his eyes', 'ha-davar' means 'the matter', 'ha-ze' means 'this', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'natnu' means 'they gave', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'revavot' means 'many (plural)', 've li' means 'and to me', 'natnu' again 'they gave', 'ha'alafim' means 'the thousands', 'veod' means 'still', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ach' means 'only', 'ha-melucha' means 'the kingdom'.
[1SA.18.9] And it was Saul a reproach to David from that day and he went away. [§]
Vayehi Shaul avon et David mehayom hahu va-hal'ah.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'avon' means 'reproach' or 'guilt', 'et' is the object marker (not translated), 'David' is the personal name David, 'me' is the preposition 'from', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hahu' means 'that' (as a demonstrative), 'va' is the conjunction 'and', and 'hal'ah' means 'he went away' or 'departed'.
[1SA.18.10] And it was the next day, and an evil spirit of the Gods rose against Saul, and it prophesied within the house; and David was playing with his hand day by day, and the sword was in Saul's hand. [§]
Vayehi mimmaharat, vaticlakh ruach elohim ra'ah el Shaul, vayit'nabe b'toch ha-bayit, v'David menagen b'yado ke-yom be'yom, v'ha-chanit b'yad Shaul.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was'; 'mimmaharat' means 'the next day' (literally 'from tomorrow'); 'vaticlakh' means 'and rose/blowed'; 'ruach' means 'spirit'; 'elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural name of God); 'ra'ah' means 'evil'; 'el' means 'to/toward'; 'Shaul' is the personal name 'Saul'; 'vayit'nabe' means 'and he prophesied'; 'b'toch' means 'within'; 'ha-bayit' means 'the house'; 'v'David' means 'and David'; 'menagen' means 'was playing (a harp)'; 'b'yado' means 'with his hand'; 'ke-yom' means 'as a day' and 'be-yom' means 'day after day' (together 'day by day'); 'v'ha-chanit' means 'and the sword'; 'b'yad' means 'in the hand of'; 'Shaul' again the name.
[1SA.18.11] And Saul threw the spear, and said, I will strike David and ..., and David turned away from him twice. [§]
Vayat el Shaul et hachanit vayomer akeh beDavid uvaqqir vayisov David mipaneiv paamim.
'Vayat el' means 'and he threw', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hachanit' means 'the spear', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'akeh' means 'I will strike' or 'I will kill', 'beDavid' means 'David', 'uvaqqir' is a difficult form that may mean 'and his son' or a lost idiom; scholars differ on its exact sense, so it is rendered loosely as 'and ...', 'vayisov' means 'and he turned away', 'David' is the name David, 'mipaneiv' means 'from before him' (i.e., away from him), and 'paamim' means 'twice'.
[1SA.18.12] And Saul was afraid before David, because Yahveh was with him, and from Saul turned away. [§]
vayira Shaul milifnei David ki hayah Yahveh immo u-meim Shaul sar.
'vayira' means 'and he was afraid', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'milifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'David' is the name David, 'ki' means 'because', 'hayah' means 'was', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'immo' means 'with him', 'u-meim' means 'and from', 'sar' means 'turned away' or 'receded'.
[1SA.18.13] And Saul removed him from his company, and he appointed him for himself commander of a thousand, and he went out and came before the people. [§]
vayesirehu Shaul me'immo vayisimehu lo sar-aleph vayetse vayavo lifnei haam.
'vayesirehu' means 'and he removed him', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'me'immo' means 'from his company', 'vayesimehu' means 'and he appointed him', 'lo' means 'to himself', 'sar-aleph' means 'commander of a thousand', 'vayetze' means 'and he went out', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'haam' means 'the people'.
[1SA.18.14] David was wise in all his ways, and Yahveh was with him. [§]
Vayehi David lekhol d'rakhav mashkil vYahveh immo.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was' or 'and he was', 'David' is the name David, 'lekhol' means 'in all', 'd'rakhav' means 'his ways', 'mashkil' means 'wise' or 'prudent', 'vYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[1SA.18.15] And Saul saw that he was extremely clever, and he fled before him. [§]
Va-yir Shaul asher hu mashkil meod va-yagar mi-panehu.
'Va-yir' means 'and saw', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'asher' means 'that', 'hu' means 'he', 'mashkil' means 'clever' or 'shrewd', 'meod' intensifies meaning 'very' or 'extremely', 'va-yagar' means 'and fled', 'mi-panehu' means 'from his presence' or 'before him'.
[1SA.18.16] And all Israel and Judah love David because he goes out and comes before them. [§]
vechol Yisrael viYehudah ohev et David ki hu yotse vava lifneihem.
'vechol' means 'and all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'viYehudah' means 'and Judah', 'ohev' means 'loves' (or 'loving'), 'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object with no English equivalent, 'David' is the personal name David, 'ki' means 'because', 'hu' means 'he', 'yotse' means 'goes out', 'vava' means 'and comes', 'lifneihem' means 'before them' or 'in front of them'.
[1SA.18.17] And Saul said to David, Behold, my older daughter I will give to you as a wife; only be for me a son of valor and fight Yahveh's battles. And Saul said, Do not put my hand on him, and let his hand be the hand of the Philistines. [§]
vayomer shaul el-david hineh bitti hagedola merav ota eten lekha leisha akh heyeh-li levven chayil vehilachem milchamot Yahveh ve-shaul amar al-tehi yada bo utehi bo yad-pleistim.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'shaul' means 'Saul', 'el-david' means 'to David', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'bitti' means 'my daughter', 'hagedola' means 'the great/older', 'merav' means 'exceedingly', 'ota' means 'her', 'eten' means 'I will give', 'lekha' means 'to you', 'leisha' means 'as a wife', 'akh' means 'only', 'heyeh-li' means 'be for me', 'levven' means 'son', 'chayil' means 'valor' or 'strength', 'vehilachem' means 'and fight', 'milchamot' means 'battles', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've-shaul' means 'and Saul', 'amar' means 'said', 'al-tehi' means 'do not be', 'yada' means 'hand', 'bo' means 'on him', 'utehi' means 'and be', 'bo' again 'on him', 'yad-pleistim' means 'hand of the Philistines'.
[1SA.18.18] And David said to Saul, "Who am I, and whose is my life, the family of my father in Israel, that I will be a bridegroom to the king?" [§]
Vayomer David el-Shaul mi anochi u-mi chayay mishpachat avi beYisrael ki eheyye chatan la-melekh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'el-Shaul' means 'to Saul', 'mi' means 'who', 'anochi' means 'I', 'u-mi' means 'and who', 'chayay' means 'my life', 'mishpachat' means 'the family of', 'avi' means 'my father', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 'ki' means 'that', 'eheyye' means 'I will be', 'chatan' means 'bridegroom', 'la-melekh' means 'to the king'.
[1SA.18.19] And it happened at the time when Merav the daughter of Saul was given to David, and she was given to Adriel the Mecholathite as a wife. [§]
Vayehi be'et tet Merav bat Shaul leDavid, vehia nitna leAdriel haMecholati leisha.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'be'et' means 'at the time', 'tet' is a verbal noun meaning 'when' or 'the time of giving', 'Merav' is the proper name Merav, 'bat' means 'daughter of', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'vehiya' means 'and she', 'nitna' means 'was given', 'leAdriel' means 'to Adriel', 'haMecholati' means 'the Mecholathite' (a member of the clan of Mechola), 'leisha' means 'as a wife' or 'to be a wife'.
[1SA.18.20] And Michal daughter of Saul loved David, and they reported it to Saul, and the matter was pleasing in his eyes. [§]
vate'ehav Mikhal bat Shaul et David vayagidu leShaul vayishar ha-davar be'einav.
'vate'ehav' means 'and she loved', 'Mikhal' is the name Michal, 'bat' means 'daughter', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'David' is the name David, 'vayagidu' means 'and they reported', 'leShaul' means 'to Saul', 'vayishar' means 'and it was pleasing/approved', 'ha-davar' means 'the matter' or 'the thing', 'be'einav' means 'in his eyes'.
[1SA.18.21] And Saul said, 'Give it to me, and it shall be a trophy for him, and his hand shall be the reward of the Philistines.' And Saul said to David, 'In two you shall give it to me today.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul etnenah lo u-tehi lo le-mokesh u-tehi bo yad-pleishtim vayomer Shaul el-David bish'tayim titchaten bi hayom.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name of the first king of Israel, 'etnenah' means 'give it to me', 'lo' means 'to him', 'u-tehi' means 'and it shall be', 'le-mokesh' means 'as a trophy', 'u-tehi' again means 'and it shall be', 'bo' means 'in him', 'yad-pleishtim' means 'the hand of the Philistines', 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'Shaul' again the king's name, 'el-David' means 'to David', 'bish'tayim' means 'in two', 'titchaten' means 'you shall give', 'bi' means 'to me', 'hayom' means 'today'.
[1SA.18.22] Saul ordered his servants, "Tell David to flee, saying, 'Behold, the king desires you, and all his servants love you; now become betrothed to the king.'" [§]
Vayetzav Shaul et avadav dabrū el David balat lemor hineh chafetz becha ha-melekh vechol avadav ahevu‑kha ve'atah hitchaten ba‑melekh.
'Vayetzav' means 'And he commanded', 'Shaul' is the name of the king, 'et avadav' means 'his servants', 'dabrū' means 'they spoke', 'el David' means 'to David', 'balat' means 'flee', 'lemor' means 'saying', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'chafetz' means 'desires', 'becha' means 'you' (masc.), 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vechol avadav' means 'and all his servants', 'ahevu‑kha' means 'love you', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'hitchaten' means 'become betrothed', 'ba‑melekh' means 'to the king'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translation of God names is needed.
[1SA.18.23] And the servants of Saul spoke these words to David: And David said, The reproach is in your eyes, marry the king, and I am a foolish man and I shall be scorned. [§]
va-ye-dab-b'ru av-dei Sha- ul be-az-nei Da-vid et ha-de-va-rim ha-e- le ha- ve-yo-me- r Da-vid ha-n'ka-la be-ei- ne-chem hi-tcha-ten ba-me-lekh ve-a-no-chi i-sh ra-sh ve-ni-qle.
'va-ye-dab-b'ru' means 'and they spoke', 'av-dei' means 'servants of', 'Sha-ul' means 'Saul', 'be-az-nei' means 'to the ears of', 'Da-vid' means 'David', 'et' marks the direct object, 'ha-de-va-rim' means 'the words', 'ha-e-le' means 'these', 'ha-ve-yo-me-r' means 'and said', 'Da-vid' is the speaker's name, 'ha-n'ka-la' means 'the reproach' or 'the scandal', 'be-ei- ne-chem' means 'in your eyes', 'hi-tcha-ten' means 'to marry' or 'to be wedded', 'ba-me-lekh' means 'to the king', 've-a-no-chi' means 'and I', 'i-sh' means 'man', 'ra-sh' means 'foolish' or 'rash', 've-ni-qle' means 'and I shall be scorned' or 'rejected'.
[1SA.18.24] And the servants of Saul reported to him, saying, 'These are the words David spoke.' [§]
Vayagidu avdei Shaul lo leemor kadvarim haeleh diber David.
'Vayagidu' means 'and they reported', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'lo' means 'to him', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'kadvarim' means 'these words', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'diber' means 'said/spoke', 'David' is the name David.
[1SA.18.25] And Saul said, thus shall you speak to David: there is no pleasure for the king at Mohar because of a hundred Philistine youths to avenge the king's enemies, and Saul thought to strike David by the hand of the Philistines. [§]
Vayomer Shaul ko-to'ameru leDavid ein-chephet lamlekh bMohar ki bme'ah arlot Pelistim lehanekem beoyvei haMelekh veShaul chashav lehapil etDavid byad Pelistim.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'ko-to'ameru' means 'thus shall you speak', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'chephet' means 'pleasure' or 'delight', 'lamlekh' means 'for the king', 'bMohar' means 'at Mohar', 'ki' means 'because', 'bme'ah' means 'by a hundred', 'arlot' means 'youths' or 'young men', 'Pelistim' means 'Philistines', 'lehanekem' means 'to avenge', 'beoyvei' means 'the enemies of', 'haMelekh' means 'the king', 'veShaul' means 'and Saul', 'chashav' means 'thought', 'lehapil' means 'to strike down' or 'to kill', 'etDavid' means 'David', 'byad' means 'by the hand of', 'Pelistim' again 'the Philistines'.
[1SA.18.26] And his servants reported these things to David, and the matter seemed right in David's eyes to go down to the king, and the days were not yet full. [§]
Va-yaggidu avadav le-David et-hadvarim ha-eleh vayishar hadavar be-einei David le-hitchatten ba-melek ve-lo malu ha-yamim.
'Va-yaggidu' means 'and they reported', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'le-David' means 'to David', 'et-hadvarim' means 'the things', 'ha-eleh' means 'these', 'vayishar' means 'and it seemed', 'hadavar' means 'the matter', 'be-einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'David' is a proper name, 'le-hitchatten' means 'to go down', 'ba-melek' means 'to the king', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'malu' means 'filled', 'ha-yamim' means 'the days'.
[1SA.18.27] And David rose and he and his men went, and he struck the Philistines two hundred men, and David brought their spoil, and they presented it to the king to be betrothed to the king, and Saul gave him Michal his daughter as a wife. [§]
Vayakam David vayelech hu ve'anashav vayach ba-Philistim me'ataim ish vayavei David et-arloteihem veyimale'um la-melekh le-hitchaten ba-melekh vayiten-lo Shaul et-Michal bito le-isha.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'David' is the proper name, 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'hu' means 'he', 've'anashav' means 'and his men', 'vayach' means 'and he struck', 'ba-Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'me'ataim' means 'two hundred', 'ish' means 'men', 'vayavei' means 'and he brought', 'et-arloteihem' means 'their spoil', 'veyimale'um' means 'and they presented', 'la-melekh' means 'to the king', 'le-hitchaten' means 'to be betrothed', 'ba-melekh' means 'to the king', 'vayiten-lo' means 'and he gave to him', 'Shaul' is the proper name, 'et-Michal' means 'Michal', 'bito' means 'his daughter', 'le-isha' means 'as a wife'.
[1SA.18.28] And Saul saw and understood that Yahveh was with David, and Michal the daughter of Saul loved him. [§]
Vayar Shaul vayeda ki Yahveh im David u-Michal bat Shaul ahevethu.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'vayeda' means 'and he understood', 'ki' means 'that', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'im' means 'with', 'David' is the name David, 'u-Michal' means 'and Michal', 'bat' means 'daughter', 'Shaul' again is the name Saul, and 'ahevethu' means 'loved him'.
[1SA.18.29] And Saul again sought to see David, and Saul was an enemy of David all the days. [§]
Vayyo'asef Shaul le'ro mipenei David od vayhi Shaul oyev et-David kol-hayamim.
'Vayyo'asef' means 'and he added' or 'and he again sought', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'le'ro' means 'to see', 'mipenei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'David' is the name David, 'od' means 'again' or 'still', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'Shaul' again the name, 'oyev' means 'an enemy' (literally 'enemy of'), 'et-David' means 'against David' (direct object marker with the name), 'kol-hayamim' means 'all the days' or 'all the time'.
[1SA.18.30] And the chiefs of the Philistines went out, and it happened, when they went out, David understood all the servants of Saul, and his name was greatly praised. [§]
vayetzeu sarei pelishtim vayhi midei tzeetam sachal david mikol avdei shaul vayikar shemo meod.
'vayetzeu' means 'and they went out', 'sarei' means 'chiefs', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'midei' means 'as soon as' or 'when', 'tzeetam' means 'their departure', 'sachal' means 'understood' or 'realized', 'david' is the personal name David, 'mikol' means 'of all', 'avdei' means 'servants', 'shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'vayikar' means 'and his name was praised', 'shemo' means 'his name', 'meod' means 'greatly' or 'very'.
1SA.19
[1SA.19.1] And Saul spoke to his son Jonathan and to all his servants to kill David, and Jonathan the son of Saul was very eager for David. [§]
vayedaber Shaul el-Yonatan beno ve'el kol avadav lehamit et-David viyonatan ben-Shaul chafetz be-David meod.
'vayedaber' means 'and he spoke', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'el-Yonatan' means 'to Jonathan', 'beno' means 'his son', 've'el' means 'and to', 'kol' means 'all', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'lehamit' means 'to kill', 'et-David' means 'David' as the object, 'viyonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'ben-Shaul' means 'son of Saul', 'chafetz' means 'desired' or 'was eager', 'be-David' means 'for David', 'meod' means 'very' or 'greatly'.
[1SA.19.2] And Jonathan reported to David, saying, 'Saul my father seeks to kill you; and now be careful, please, in the morning, and sit in secret and hide.' [§]
Vayagged Yonatan leDavid le'emor: mevakesh Shaul avi lahamitekha, ve'atah hishamer na ba-boker, ve-yashavta ba-seter ve-nachbata.
'Vayagged' means 'and reported', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'mevakesh' means 'seeks', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'avi' means 'my father', 'lahamitekha' means 'to kill you', 've'atah' means 'and now', 'hishamer' means 'be careful/guard', 'na' means 'please', 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 've-yashavta' means 'and you will sit', 'ba-seter' means 'in secret/hidden', 've-nachbata' means 'and you will hide'.
[1SA.19.3] And I will go out and stand by my father in the field that you are there, and I will speak to you about my father, and I will see what and I will tell you. [§]
Vaani etzey ve'amadti le-yad-avi ba-sade asher attah sham vaani adaber beka el-avi ve-raiti ma vehigadti lakh.
'Vaani' means 'and I', 'etzey' means 'will go out', 've'amadti' means 'and I will stand', 'le-yad-avi' means 'by the side of my father', 'ba-sade' means 'in the field', 'asher' means 'that', 'attah' means 'you', 'sham' means 'there', 'vaani' again means 'and I', 'adaber' means 'will speak', 'beka' means 'to you', 'el-avi' means 'to my father', 've-raiti' means 'and I will see', 'ma' means 'what', 'vehigadti' means 'and I will tell', 'lakh' means 'you (female)'.
[1SA.19.4] And Jonathan spoke well to David about Saul his father, and he said to him, Let not the king sin against his servant in David, for the king has not sinned against you, and because his deeds are very good to you. [§]
Vayedaber Yonatan bedavid tov el Shaul aviv vayomer elav al yecheta ha-melekh beavdo bedavid ki lo chata lakh vechi ma-asav tov-lekha meod.
'Vayedaber' means 'and he spoke', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'bedavid' means 'to David', 'tov' means 'well' or 'good', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'al' means 'let not', 'yecheta' means 'the king sin', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'beavdo' means 'against his servant', 'bedavid' means 'in David' (i.e., concerning David), 'ki' means 'for', 'lo' means 'not', 'chata' means 'has sinned', 'lakh' means 'against you', 'vechi' means 'and because', 'ma-asav' means 'his deeds', 'tov-lekha' means 'good to you', 'meod' means 'very much' or 'exceedingly'.
[1SA.19.5] And he placed his soul in his hand and struck the Philistine and Yahveh made a great salvation for all Israel, you saw and rejoiced, and why would you sin with pure blood to kill David, dear one. [§]
Vayyasem et-napsho bechapho vayach et-haplishthi vayas Yahveh teshuah gedolah lechol-Yisrael raita vatismah velamma techeta be-dam naki lehamit et-David chinam.
"Vayyasem" means "and he placed", "et" is a direct‑object marker, "napsho" means "his soul", "bechapho" means "in his hand", "vayach" means "and he struck", "et-haplishthi" means "the Philistine", "vayas" means "and he did/made", "Yahveh" is the literal translation of YHVH, "teshuah" means "salvation", "gedolah" means "great", "lechol-Yisrael" means "for all Israel", "raita" means "you saw", "vatismah" means "and you rejoiced", "velamma" means "and why", "techeta" means "would you sin", "be-dam" means "with blood", "naki" means "pure", "lehamit" means "to kill", "et-David" means "David", "chinam" means "dear one" or "precious".
[1SA.19.6] And Saul heard the voice of Jonathan, and Saul swore by the life of Yahveh, if he should die. [§]
vayishma Shaul beqol Yonatan vayishava Shaul chai-Yahveh im-yumat.
'vayishma' means 'and heard', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'beqol' means 'by the voice of', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'vayishava' means 'and swore', 'chai-Yahveh' means 'the life of Yahveh' (an oath), 'im-yumat' means 'if he dies'.
[1SA.19.7] Jonathan called to David and told him all these things, and Jonathan brought David to Saul, and it was before him as the day before yesterday. [§]
Vayikra Yonatan leDavid vayagged-lo Yonatan et kol-hadvarim haele vayave Yonatan et-David el Shaul vayhi lefanav ke'etmol shilshom.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Yonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'vayagged-lo' means 'and told him', the second 'Yonatan' repeats the name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol-hadvarim' means 'all the words', 'haele' means 'these', 'vayave' means 'and he brought', again 'Yonatan' is the name, 'et-David' means 'David', 'el Shaul' means 'to Saul', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'lefanav' means 'before him', 'ke'etmol' means 'as the day before', and 'shilshom' means 'the third day (i.e., the day before yesterday)'.
[1SA.19.8] And the war continued, and David went out and fought the Philistines, and struck them with a great blow, and they fled from his presence. [§]
Vato-sef hamilchama lihyot vayetse David vayilachem baplistim vayach bahhem makkah gedolah vayanoosu mipanav.
'Vato-sef' means 'and (he) added/continued', 'hamilchama' means 'the war', 'lihyot' means 'to be/continue', 'vayetse' means 'and (he) went out', 'David' is the proper name David, 'vayilachem' means 'and (he) fought', 'baplistim' means 'against the Philistines', 'vayach' means 'and (he) struck', 'bahhem' means 'them', 'makkah' means 'a blow', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'vayanoosu' means 'and they fled', 'mipanav' means 'from his presence'.
[1SA.19.9] And the spirit of Yahveh, an evil spirit, was against Saul, and he was sitting in his house, his spear in his hand, and David was playing on a harp. [§]
vattehi ruach Yahveh ra'ah el Shaul vehu beveito yoshev vachanito beyado veDavid menagen beyd.
'vattehi' means 'and it was', 'ruach' means 'spirit' or 'wind', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God (YHVH), 'ra'ah' means 'evil' or 'adversarial', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'vehu' means 'and he', 'beveito' means 'in his house', 'yoshev' means 'sitting', 'vachanito' means 'his spear', 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'menagen' means 'playing (music)', 'beyad' literally 'with (his) hand' which idiomatically indicates playing a stringed instrument such as a harp.
[1SA.19.10] And Saul sought to strike with a spear at David and with a stone, and he turned away from before Saul, and he struck the spear with the stone, and David ran and escaped in the night, he. [§]
Vayevakesh Shaul lehakot bachanit beDavid ubaqir vayiftar mipenei Shaul vayach et-hachanith baqir veDavid nas vayimallet balaylah hu.
'Vayevakesh' means 'and he sought', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'lehakot' means 'to strike', 'bachanit' means 'with a spear', 'beDavid' means 'at David', 'ubaqir' means 'and with a stone', 'vayiftar' means 'and he turned away', 'mipenei' means 'from before', 'Shaul' again 'Saul', 'vayach' means 'and struck', 'et-hachanith' means 'the spear', 'baqir' means 'with the stone', 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'nas' means 'ran', 'vayimallet' means 'and escaped', 'balaylah' means 'in the night', 'hu' means 'he'.
[1SA.19.11] And Saul sent messengers to David's house to watch over him and to kill him in the morning; and Michal his wife told David, saying, If you do not save your soul tonight, tomorrow you will be dead. [§]
vaYishlach Shaul malachim el beyt David le-shamro ve-la-hamito ba-boker va-tagged le-David Michal ishto le-emor im-eincha memallet et-nafshcha ha-layla machar attah mumat.
'vaYishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'malachim' means 'messengers', 'el' means 'to', 'beyt' means 'house', 'David' means 'David', 'le-shamro' means 'to watch over him', 've-la-hamito' means 'and to kill him', 'ba-boker' means 'in the morning', 'va-tagged' means 'and she reported', 'le-David' means 'to David', 'Michal' means 'Michal', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'le-emor' means 'saying', 'im-eincha' means 'if you are not', 'memallet' means 'saving/rescuing', 'et-nafshcha' means 'your soul', 'ha-layla' means 'the night', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'attah' means 'you', 'mumat' means 'will be dead'.
[1SA.19.12] And Michal went down to David at the entrance of the hall and he went and fled and escaped. [§]
Vatoreid Michal et-David be'ad ha-chalon vayelech vayivrach vayimmalet.
'Vatoreid' means 'and she went down', 'Michal' is a proper name, 'et-David' indicates David as the object, 'be'ad' means 'at the entrance of', 'ha-chalon' means 'the hall', 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'vayivrach' means 'and he fled', 'vayimmalet' means 'and he escaped'.
[1SA.19.13] And Mikhal took the trappings and placed them on the mat, and she put the young goat on its head and covered it with the garment. [§]
vatikach Mikhal et ha-terafim vatasem el ha-mitah ve'et kevir ha-izim samah merashotav vatekhas ba-bagged.
'vatikach' means 'and she took', 'Mikhal' is a proper name, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'ha-terafim' means 'the trappings' (ornaments), 'vatasem' means 'and she placed', 'el' means 'on' or 'to', 'ha-mitah' means 'the mat', 've'et' means 'and also', 'kevir' means 'young goat' or 'kid', 'ha-izim' means 'the goats', together 'kevir ha-izim' = 'the young goat', 'samah' means 'she placed', 'merashotav' means 'on its head', 'vatekhas' means 'and she covered', 'ba-bagged' means 'with the garment'.
[1SA.19.14] And Saul sent messengers to take David, and she said, He is ill. [§]
Va-yishlach Shaul malachim laqachat et David va-tomer holeh hu.
'Va-yishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'malachim' means 'messengers', 'laqachat' means 'to take', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'David' is the name 'David', 'va-tomer' means 'and she said', 'holeh' means 'ill' or 'sick', 'hu' means 'he'.
[1SA.19.15] And Saul sent messengers to watch David, saying, 'Bring him into the net to me that I may kill him.' [§]
Vayishlach Shaul et-hamalachim lir'ot et-David le'emor ha'alu oto ba-mitta elai lahamito.
'Vayishlach' means 'And sent', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'et-hamalachim' means 'the messengers', 'lir'ot' means 'to watch' or 'to see', 'et-David' means 'David', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'ha'alu' means 'bring (him) up', 'oto' means 'him', 'ba-mitta' means 'into the net' or 'into the snare', 'elai' means 'to me' (to my presence), 'lahamito' means 'that I may kill him'.
[1SA.19.16] And the angels came, and behold the traders at the stand, and the great goat’s chief. [§]
Vayavo'u ha-melakhim ve-hineh ha-terafim el ha-mittah u-kevir ha-izim merashotav.
'Vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'ha-melakhim' means 'the angels', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'ha-terafim' means 'the traders/mercenaries', 'el' means 'to', 'ha-mittah' means 'the staff or stand', 'u-kevir' means 'and the great', 'ha-izim' means 'of the goats', 'merashotav' means 'its chief' or 'its head'. The phrase "kevir ha-izim" is idiomatic for a prominent or chief goat, and "merashotav" indicates the head or leader of that group.
[1SA.19.17] And Saul said to Michal, "Why have you thus deceived me, and you sent my enemy and he escaped?" And Michal said to Saul, "He told me, 'Send me; why should I be faithful?" [§]
Vayomer Shaul el-Michal lama kacha rimiti vateshalchi et-oyvi vayimallet vatoamer Michal el-Shaul huwa-amar elai shalchani lama amitekh.
"Vayomer" means "and he said", "Shaul" is the name Saul, "el" means "to", "Michal" is the name Michal, "lama" means "why", "kacha" means "so" or "thus", "rimiti" means "you have deceived me", "vateshalchi" means "and you sent", "et-oyvi" means "my enemy", "vayimallet" means "and he escaped", "vatoamer" means "and she said", "Michal" again the name, "el-Shaul" means "to Saul", "huwa-amar" means "he said", "elai" means "to me", "shalchani" means "send me", "lama" means "why", "amitekh" means "should I be faithful" (literally "I will be true to you").
[1SA.19.18] And David fled and escaped and came to Samuel at Ramah and told him all that Saul had done to him, and he and Samuel went and dwelt at Naioth. [§]
VeDavid barach vayimalet vayavo el Shmuel haRamath vayagged-lo et kol asher asah-lo Shaul vayelekh hu veShmuel vayeshvu beNaioth.
'VeDavid' means 'and David', 'barach' means 'fled', 'vayimalet' means 'and escaped', 'vayavo' means 'and came', 'el' means 'to', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'haRamath' means 'the Ramah' (a hill or town), 'vayagged-lo' means 'and told him', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that which', 'asah-lo' means 'Saul did to him', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'vayelekh' means 'and went', 'hu' means 'he', 'veShmuel' means 'and Samuel', 'vayeshuvu' means 'and settled/they dwelt', 'beNaioth' means 'in Naioth', the place of the prophets near Shiloh.
[1SA.19.19] And it was reported to Saul, saying, Behold, David is in the fields of Ramah. [§]
Vayugad leShaul le'emor hineh David b'naoth baramah.
'Vayugad' means 'and it was reported', 'leShaul' means 'to Saul', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'David' is the personal name David, 'b'naoth' means 'in the fields', 'baramah' means 'of Ramah', a town in the territory of Benjamin.
[1SA.19.20] And Saul sent angels to take David, and he saw the assembly of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel stood firm over them, and there was upon the angels of Saul a spirit of the Gods, and they also prophesied. [§]
va-yishlach Shaul malachim lakachat et-David, va-yare et-lahakat ha-nevi'im niva'im, u-Shmuel omed nitzav al-hem, va-tehi al-mala'achei Shaul ruach Elohim, va-yit'navu gam-hemmah.
'va-yishlach' means 'and he sent', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'malachim' means 'angels', 'lakachat' means 'to take', 'et-David' means 'David', 'va-yare' means 'and he saw', 'et-lahakat' means 'the assembly', 'ha-nevi'im' means 'the prophets', 'niva'im' means 'prophesying', 'u-Shmuel' means 'and Samuel', 'omed' means 'standing', 'nitzav' means 'standing firm', 'al-hem' means 'over them', 'va-tehi' means 'and it was', 'al-mala'achei' means 'upon the angels of', 'ruach Elohim' means 'spirit of the Gods', 'va-yit'navu' means 'they also prophesied', 'gam-hemmah' means 'also they'.
[1SA.19.21] And they reported to Saul, and he sent other messengers, and they also prophesied; and Saul added, and he sent three messengers, and they also prophesied. [§]
Va yagidu le Shaul va yishlach malakim acherim va yitnabu gam hema va yosef Shaul va yishlach malakim shelishim va yitnabu gam hema.
'Va' means 'and', 'yagidu' means 'they reported', 'le' means 'to', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'va yishlach' means 'and he sent', 'malakim' means 'messengers', 'acherim' means 'other', 'va yitnabu' means 'and they prophesied', 'gam' means 'also', 'hema' means 'they', 'va yosef' means 'and he added', 'shelishim' means 'three'.
[1SA.19.22] And he also went to Ramah and came to the great well that is in Shechem, and he asked, 'Where are Samuel and David?' And he said, 'Behold, the young women of Ramah.' [§]
Va-yeilech gam-hu haRamah vayavo ad bor haGadol asher bashéchu vayish'al vayomer eifo Shmuel veDavid vayomer hineh be'not Baramah.
'Va-yeilech' means 'and he went', 'gam-hu' means 'also he', 'haRamah' is the place name Ramah, 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'ad' means 'to', 'bor' means 'well', 'haGadol' means 'the great', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'bashéchu' means 'in Shechem', 'vayish'al' means 'and he asked', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'eifo' means 'where', 'Shmuel' is the personal name Samuel, 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'vayomer' again 'and he said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'be'not' means 'the daughters/young women', 'Baramah' means 'of Ramah'.
[1SA.19.23] And he went there to Navoth Baramah, and it was upon him also he spirit the Gods, and he went the walking, and he prophesied until his coming in Navoth Baramah. [§]
vayelekh sham el-Navoth Baramah vatehi alav gam- hu ruach Elohim vayelekh halokh vayitnabe adbo'o b'Navoth Baramah.
"vayelekh" means "and he went", "sham" means "there", "el-" means "to", "Navoth" is a proper place name, "Baramah" is a proper place name, "vatehi" means "and it was", "alav" means "upon him", "gam" means "also", "hu" means "he", "ruach" means "spirit", "Elohim" means "the Gods", "halokh" means "the walking" or "the one who walks", "vayitnabe" means "and he prophesied", "adbo'o" means "until his coming", "b'Navoth" means "in Navoth", and the final "Baramah" repeats the place name.
[1SA.19.24] And he also stripped his garments and he also prophesied before Samuel, and he fell naked all the day that one and all the night. Because of that they will say, 'Even Saul among the prophets?' [§]
vayipshat gam hu begadav vayitnabe gam hu lifnei shmuel vayipol arom kol hayom hu ve'kol halayla al ken yomru hagam Shaul ban'viim
'vayipshat' means 'and he stripped', 'gam' means 'also', 'hu' means 'he', 'begadav' means 'his garments', 'vayitnabe' means 'and he prophesied', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'vayipol' means 'and he fell', 'arom' means 'naked', 'kol' means 'all', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hu' means 'that one', 've'kol' means 'and all', 'halayla' means 'the night', 'al' means 'because', 'ken' means 'of that', 'yomru' means 'they will say', 'hagam' means 'even', 'Shaul' is the personal name 'Saul', 'ban'viim' means 'among the prophets'.
1SA.20
[1SA.20.1] And David fled from the stronghold in Ramah and he came and said before Jonathan, "What have I done, what is my guilt, and what is my sin before your father, because I am seeking my life." [§]
Vayivrach David minanot baRamah vayavo vayomer lifnei Yehonatan meh asiti meh-avoni u-meh chatati lifnei avikha ki mevakesh et-napshi.
'Vayivrach' means 'and he fled', 'David' is the personal name David, 'minanot' means 'from the stronghold', 'baRamah' means 'in Ramah', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yehonatan' is the personal name Jonathan, 'meh' means 'what', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'meh-avoni' means 'what is my guilt', 'u-meh' means 'and what is', 'chatati' means 'my sin', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'ki' means 'because', 'mevakesh' means 'I am seeking', 'et-napshi' means 'my life'.
[1SA.20.2] And he said to him, 'Behold, you shall not die; see, I will do my father a great thing or a small thing, and I will not hide my ears, and why will my father hide from me this thing? There is none.' [§]
Vayomer lo chalilah lo tamut hinneh lo-aseh avi davar gadol o davar qatan velo yigleh et-ozni umadoua yastir avi mimeni et-hadavar hazeh ein zot.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'chalilah' means 'behold', 'lo' (with vocalization) means 'not', 'tam
ut' means 'you shall die' (negated to 'you shall not die'), 'hinneh' means 'behold', 'lo-aseh' means 'I will do to him', 'avi' means 'my father', 'davar' means 'thing' or 'matter', 'gadol' means 'great', 'o' means 'or', 'davar' again 'thing', 'qatan' means 'small', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yigleh' means 'will reveal' or 'will disclose', 'et-ozni' means 'my ears', 'umadavua' means 'and why', 'yastir' means 'will hide', 'avi' again 'my father', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'et-hadavar' means 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ein' means 'there is not', 'zot' means 'this'.
[1SA.20.3] And David swore again and said, 'My hand knows, I have found favor in your eyes,' and he said, 'Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be saddened, and truly living is Yahveh and the life of your soul, because it is like a transgression between me and death.' [§]
Vayishave od David vayomer yado yada avikha ki matzati hen be'eynekha vayomer al-yeeda zot Yhonatan pen ye'atzav ve'ulam chai Yahveh ve'chi nafshkha ki k'pesha beynai uvein hamavet.
'Vayishave' means 'and he swore again', 'od' means 'again', 'David' is the proper name David, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'yado' means 'my hand' (idiomatically 'I know'), 'yada' means 'knew', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'ki' means 'because', 'matzati' means 'I have found', 'hen' means 'favor' or 'grace', 'be'eynekha' means 'in your eyes', 'vayomer' again 'and he said', 'al-yeeda' means 'let not know', 'zot' means 'this', 'Yhonatan' is the proper name Jonathan, 'pen' means 'lest', 'ye'atzav' means 'he be saddened', 've'ulam' means 'and indeed', 'chai' means 'living' or 'alive', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've'chi' means 'and the life of', 'nafshkha' means 'your soul', 'ki' means 'because', 'k'pesha' means 'as a transgression' or 'as in sin', 'beynai' means 'between me', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'hamavet' means 'death'.
[1SA.20.4] And Jonathan said to David, 'What will your soul say, and what shall I do for you?' [§]
Vayomer Yonatan el-David mah-to'amar nafsh'cha ve'ea'seh lecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yonatan' is the proper name Jonathan, 'el-David' means 'to David', 'mah' means 'what', 'to'amar' means 'will say', 'nafsh'cha' means 'your soul', 've'ea'seh' means 'and I will do', 'lecha' means 'for you'.
[1SA.20.5] And David said to Yahveh has given, "Behold, tomorrow is the month, and I will sit down to eat with the king; send me, and I will hide in the field until the third evening." [§]
Vayomer David el-Yonatan hineh chodesh machar ve-anokhi yashov eshev im-hamelakh leekhol ve-shillachtani ve-nistarti ba-sade ad haereb hashlishit.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the personal name David, 'el-Yonatan' means 'to Jonathan' where 'Yonatan' is a theophoric name meaning 'Yahveh has given' (YHVH translated as 'Yahveh'), 'hineh' means 'behold', 'chodesh' means 'month' (or new moon), 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 've-anokhi' means 'and I', 'yashov' means 'will sit', 'eshev' means 'to eat', 'im-hamelakh' means 'with the king', 'leekhol' means 'to eat', 've-shillachtani' means 'and send me', 've-nistarti' means 'and I will hide', 'ba-sade' means 'in the field', 'ad' means 'until', 'haereb' means 'the evening', 'hashlishit' means 'the third'. The name 'Yonatan' is rendered according to the rule that YHVH becomes 'Yahveh', so it is translated as 'Yahveh has given'.
[1SA.20.6] If you will guard, he will guard me, your father, and you will say let us ask, let us inquire from me David to the runner house of bread his city because the sacrifice of the days there for all the family. [§]
Im pakod yifkdeini avikha veamarta nishol nishal mimeni David larutz beit lechem iro ki zevach hayamim sham lechol hamishpacha.
'Im' means 'if', 'pakod' means 'you will guard', 'yifkdeini' means 'he will guard me', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'veamarta' means 'and you will say', 'nishol' means 'let us ask', 'nishal' means 'let us inquire', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'David' is a proper name, 'larutz' means 'to the runner', 'beit lechem' means 'house of bread', 'iro' means 'his city', 'ki' means 'because', 'zevach' means 'sacrifice', 'hayamim' means 'the days', 'sham' means 'there', 'lechol' means 'for all', 'hamishpacha' means 'the family'.
[1SA.20.7] If he says, "Good, peace to your servant," and if he becomes angry toward him, know that the evil has been finished from him. [§]
im ko yomar tov shalom le'avdecha ve'im choro yechere lo da ki kalta ha-ra'ah mei'vo.
'im' means 'if', 'ko' means 'so' or 'thus', 'yomar' means 'he will say', 'tov' means 'good', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'le'avdecha' means 'to your servant', 've'im' means 'and if', 'choro' means 'he is angry', 'yechere' means 'he will become angry', 'lo' means 'to him', 'da' means 'know', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'kalta' means 'has finished', 'ha-ra'ah' means 'the evil', 'mei'vo' means 'from him'.
[1SA.20.8] And you shall show mercy to your servant, because in the covenant Yahveh you have taken your servant with you; and if there is in me iniquity, you would kill me, and to your father why would you bring this upon me. [§]
veasita chesed al avdeka ki bivrit Yahveh heveita et avdeka immach veim yesh bi avon hamiteni attah vead avikha lama zeh tviieni
'veasita' means 'and you shall do', 'chesed' means 'mercy/kindness', 'al' means 'upon', 'avdeka' means 'your servant', 'ki' means 'because', 'bivrit' means 'in covenant', 'Yahveh' translates the divine name YHVH, 'heveita' means 'you have brought', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'avdeka' again 'your servant', 'immach' means 'with you', 'veim' means 'and if', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'bi' means 'in me', 'avon' means 'iniquity', 'hamiteni' means 'you would kill me', 'attah' means 'you', 'vead' means 'and to', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'lama' means 'why', 'zeh' means 'this', 'tviieni' means 'you bring me'.
[1SA.20.9] And Jonathan said, Be afraid, for if I know, I will know that the evil has ended from my father, to come upon you, and I will not tell it to you. [§]
Vayomer Yehonatan chalilah lakh ki im yado'a eda ki kaltah ha'ra'ah me'im avi lavoh alekha velo otah aggid lakh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Yehonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'chalilah' means 'be afraid', 'lakh' means 'to you', 'ki' means 'for', 'im' means 'if', 'yado'a' means 'I know' (verb), 'eda' means 'I will know' (future), 'ki' means 'that', 'kaltah' means 'has ended', 'ha'ra'ah' means 'the evil', 'me'im' means 'from', 'avi' means 'my father', 'lavoh' means 'to come', 'alekha' means 'upon you', 'velo' means 'and not', 'otah' means 'it' (feminine), 'aggid' means 'I will tell', 'lakh' means 'to you'.
[1SA.20.10] And David said to Jonathan, "Who will tell me, or what will answer you, your father is hard?" [§]
Vayomer David el-Yehonatan mi yagid li o mah-ya'ancha avikha kashe.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the personal name, 'el-Yehonatan' means 'to Jonathan', 'mi' means 'who', 'yagid' means 'will tell', 'li' means 'to me', 'o' means 'or', 'mah' means 'what', 'ya'ancha' means 'will answer you', 'avikha' means 'your father', 'kashe' means 'hard'.
[1SA.20.11] And Jonathan said to David, "Come, let us go out to the field," and they went out both of them into the field. [§]
Vayomer Yhonatan el-David: Lecha, ve'netse ha-sadeh; vayetzu shneihem ha-sadeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yhonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the name David, 'Lecha' means 'come', 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'netsa' means 'let us go out', 'ha-sadeh' means 'the field', 'vayetzu' means 'and they went out', 'shneihem' means 'both of them'.
[1SA.20.12] And Jonathan said to David, Yahveh God of Israel, because I will inquire of my father as soon as tomorrow, the third day, and indeed it is good for David, and I will not now send anything to you, but I will open your ear. [§]
Va-yoamer Yehonatan el-David Yahveh Elohei Yisrael ki-echkor et-abi ka-et machar ha-shlishit v'hineh tov el-David v'lo az eshlach eilecha v'galiyti et-oznecha.
'Va-yoamer' means 'and said', 'Yehonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of the divine, 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'ki' means 'because', 'echkor' means 'I will inquire', 'et-abi' means 'my father', 'ka-et' means 'as soon as', 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'ha-shlishit' means 'the third (day)', 'v'hineh' means 'and indeed/see', 'tov' means 'good', 'el-David' means 'for David', 'v'lo' means 'and not', 'az' means 'now', 'eshlach' means 'I will send', 'eilecha' means 'to you', 'v'galiyti' means 'and I will open/reveal', 'et-oznecha' means 'your ear'.
[1SA.20.13] Thus Yahveh will do to Yonatan, and thus He will add because He will be good to my father the evil upon you, and I will turn your ear and send you, and you will go in peace, and may Yahveh be with you as He was with my father. [§]
Ko-yaaseh Yahveh liYonatan ve'ko yosif ki-yeitev el-abi et-haraah alekha vegaliti et-aznecha ve'shilachticha ve'halakta lshalom viyehi Yahveh immach ka'asher hayah im-abi.
'Ko' means 'thus' or 'so'; 'yaaseh' means 'will do'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH; 'liYonatan' means 'to Yonatan' (a personal name); 've'ko' means 'and thus'; 'yosif' means 'will add' or 'will increase'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'yeitev' means 'will be good' or 'will favor'; 'el-abi' means 'to my father'; 'et-haraah' means 'the evil' (the word 'evil' here is literal); 'alekha' means 'upon you'; 'vegaliti' means 'and I will turn' (literally 'I will turn'); 'et-aznecha' means 'your ear'; 'veshilachticha' means 'and I will send you'; 'vehalakta' means 'and you will go'; 'lshalom' means 'in peace'; 'viyehi' means 'and may it be'; 'Yahveh' again the name of God; 'immach' means 'with you'; 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'like'; 'hayah' means 'was'; 'im-abi' means 'with my father'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as Yahveh per the given rule. All other words are rendered literally without added diacritics.
[1SA.20.14] And not, if I am still alive, and you will not do with me Yahveh's kindness, and I will not die. [§]
ve'lo im-odeni chai ve'lo ta'aseh imadi chesed Yahveh ve'lo amut.
've'lo' means 'and not', 'im-odeni' means 'if I am still', 'chai' means 'alive', second 've'lo' means 'and not', 'ta'aseh' means 'you will do', 'imadi' means 'with me', 'chesed' means 'kindness' or 'mercy', 'Yahveh' is the divine name, third 've'lo' means 'and not', 'amut' means 'I will die'.
[1SA.20.15] And not will you cut off your lovingkindness from my house forever, and not will (by) cutting Yahveh cut off the enemies of David, a man from the face of the earth. [§]
Ve-lo takrit et-chasdeka me-im beiti ad-olam ve-lo be-hakhrith Yahveh et oyve David ish me-al penei ha-adamah.
'Ve-lo' means 'and not', 'takrit' means 'you will cut off', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'chasdeka' means 'your lovingkindness', 'me-im' means 'from among', 'beiti' means 'my house', 'ad-olam' means 'forever', 've-lo' again means 'and not', 'be-hakhrith' means 'by cutting', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' again the object marker, 'oyve' means 'enemies', 'David' is a proper name, 'ish' means 'a man', 'me-al' means 'from above', 'penei' means 'the face of', 'ha-adamah' means 'the earth'.
[1SA.20.16] And Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, and Yahveh sought from the hand of David's enemies. [§]
vayikrot yehonatan im beit david ubikeish yahveh miyad oyvei david.
'vayikrot' means 'and he made a covenant', 'yehonatan' is the personal name 'Jonathan', 'im' means 'with', 'beit' means 'house', 'david' means 'David', 'u' means 'and', 'bikeish' means 'he sought' or 'he sought after', 'yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'mi-yad' means 'from the hand', 'oyvei' means 'enemies of', and the final 'david' again means 'David'.
[1SA.20.17] And Jonathan further satisfied David with his love for him, because he loved him with the love of his own soul. [§]
vayosef Yehonatan lehashbiyyah et-David beahavato oto ki ahavat nafsho ahevo.
'vayosef' means 'and he added/continued', 'Yehonatan' is the personal name Jonathan, 'lehashbiyyah' means 'to satisfy' or 'to give sustenance', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'David' is the personal name David, 'beahavato' means 'with his love', 'oto' means 'him', 'ki' means 'because', 'ahavat' means 'the love of', 'nafsho' means 'his soul' or 'himself', 'ahevo' means 'he loved him'.
[1SA.20.18] And Jonathan said to him, 'Tomorrow is the new month and you will be set free, because he will set free your dwelling.' [§]
Vayomer lo Yonatan machar chodesh ve-nifkadtah ki yipaked moshavekha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Yonatan' is the personal name Jonathan, 'machar' means 'tomorrow', 'chodesh' means 'month' (literally 'new moon'), 've-nifkadtah' means 'and you will be set free', 'ki' means 'because', 'yipaked' means 'he will set free', 'moshavekha' means 'your dwelling/place'.
[1SA.20.19] And you will descend three times greatly and you will come to the place where you were hidden there on the day of the deed, and you will sit beside the stone of fire. [§]
Veshillash'ta tered meod uva'ta el hamakom asher nistarta sham beyom hama'aseh vayashavta etzel ha'even ha'azel.
'Ve' means 'and', 'shillash'ta' means 'you will descend three times', 'tered' means 'you will go down', 'meod' means 'greatly' or 'very', 'uva'ta' means 'you will come', 'el' means 'to', 'hamakom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'that', 'nistarta' means 'you were hidden', 'sham' means 'there', 'beyom' means 'on the day', 'hama'aseh' means 'of the deed/act', 'vayashavta' means 'and you will sit', 'etzel' means 'beside', 'ha'even' means 'the stone', 'ha'azel' means 'of fire'.
[1SA.20.20] And I, three halves beside, shall light to send to me for a purpose. [§]
va'ani shloshet hachitsim tzidah ore leshalach-li lematara.
'va'ani' means 'and I', 'shloshet' means 'three' (feminine construct form), 'hachitsim' means 'the halves', 'tzidah' means 'to the side' or 'beside', 'ore' is the verb 'I will illuminate' or 'I will light', 'leshalach-li' means 'to send to me', and 'lematara' means 'for a purpose' or 'as a goal'.
[1SA.20.21] And behold, I will send the boy, go find the swords; if I say to the boy, 'Behold the swords are from you, and here take them and bring them, for peace to you; and there is no problem, Yahveh lives.' [§]
ve-hineh eshlach et-hana'ar lekh matsa et-hachitsim im-amar omer la-naar hineh hachitsim mimkha va-kenna kachenu va-vo'ah ki shalom lekha ve-ein davar chai Yahveh.
've' means 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'eshlach' means 'I will send', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha-na'ar' means 'the boy', 'lekh' means 'go', 'matsa' means 'find', 'et' again direct object marker, 'ha-chitsim' means 'the swords', 'im-amar' means 'if I say', 'omer' means 'I will say', 'la-naar' means 'to the boy', 'hineh' again 'behold', 'ha-chitsim' again 'the swords', 'mi-mkha' means 'from you', 'va-kenna' means 'and here', 'kachenu' means 'take them', 'va-vo'ah' means 'and bring them', 'ki' means 'for', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'lekha' means 'to you', 've-ein' means 'and there is no', 'davar' means 'problem/thing', 'chai' means 'lives', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.20.22] And if I say forever, behold the pieces from you, and go out, go, for Yahveh sent you. [§]
veim ko omar laelem hine hachitzim mimkha vahala lekh ki shilakhkha Yahveh.
'veim' means 'and if', 'ko' means 'thus', 'omar' means 'I say', 'laelem' means 'forever', 'hine' means 'behold', 'hachitzim' means 'the pieces' or 'the halves', 'mimkha' means 'from you', 'vahala' means 'and go out' or 'and depart', 'lekh' means 'go', 'ki' means 'because', 'shilakhkha' means 'you were sent' (from the verb 'send' with 'you' object), 'Yahveh' is the translation of the divine name YHWH.
[1SA.20.23] And the word that we have spoken, I and you, behold Yahveh is between me and you forever. [§]
vehadavar asher dibarnu ani vaata hineh Yahveh beyni uveyncha ad-olam.
'vehadavar' means 'and the word', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'dibarnu' means 'we have spoken', 'ani' means 'I', 'vaata' means 'and you', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'beyni' means 'between me', 'uveyncha' means 'and between you', 'ad-olam' means 'forever'.
[1SA.20.24] And David hid in the field, and it was the month, and the king sat over the bread to eat. [§]
Vayissater David ba-sadeh vayhi ha-chodesh vayyeshev ha-melekh el ha-lechem le-echol.
'Vayissater' means 'and he hid', 'David' is the proper name David, 'ba-sadeh' means 'in the field', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'ha-chodesh' means 'the month', 'vayyeshev' means 'and he sat', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'el' means 'over', 'ha-lechem' means 'the bread', 'le-echol' means 'to eat'.
[1SA.20.25] The king sat on his throne as often as at the seat of the wall, and Jonathan rose, and Abner sat beside Saul, and he appointed a place for David. [§]
Vayyeshev ha-melekh al-moshevo kephaam befaam el-moshev haqir vayakam Yonatan vayyeshev Avner mitzad Shaul vayipaked makom David.
'Vayyeshev' means 'and he sat', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'al' means 'on', 'moshevo' means 'his seat', 'kephaam' means 'as often as', 'befaam' means 'from time to time', 'el' means 'to', 'moshev' means 'seat', 'haqir' means 'the wall', 'vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'Yonatan' is the personal name Jonathan, 'vayyeshev' means 'and he sat', 'Avner' is the personal name Abner, 'mitzad' means 'beside', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'vayipaked' means 'and he appointed', 'makom' means 'a place', 'David' is the personal name David.
[1SA.20.26] And Saul said nothing that day because he declared himself impure, for he was not pure. [§]
Ve lo diber Shaul me'umah ba-yom ha-hu ki amar mikreh hu bilti tahor hu ki-lo tahor.
"Ve" means "and", "lo" means "not", "diber" means "spoke", "Shaul" is the proper name "Saul", "me'umah" means "any" or "nothing" (here indicating no speech), "ba-yom" means "in the day", "ha-hu" means "that", "ki" means "because", "amar" means "he said", "mikreh" means "impurity" or "blemish", "hu" means "he", "bilti" means "without", "tahor" means "pure", "ki-lo" means "because not", the final "tahor" repeats "pure".
[1SA.20.27] And it happened on the next day of the second month, and David's place was searched; then Saul said to his son Jonathan, 'Why has the son of Jesse not come yesterday, nor today, for the bread?' [§]
Vayehi mimmahorat hachodesh hasheni vayipaked mekom David, vayomer Shaul el-Yehonatan beno, madua lo-ba ben Yishai gam temol gam hayom el ha-lachem.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'mimmachorat' means 'the next day', 'hachodesh' means 'the month', 'hasheni' means 'the second', 'vayipaked' means 'and he searched', 'mekom' means 'the place', 'David' is the name David, 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'el' means 'to', 'Yehonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'beno' means 'his son', 'madua' means 'why', 'lo' means 'not', 'ba' means 'came', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Yishai' is the name Jesse, 'gam' means 'also' or 'even', 'temol' means 'yesterday', 'hayom' means 'today', 'el' means 'for', 'ha-lachem' means 'the bread'.
[1SA.20.28] And Jonathan answered Saul, 'Is there any way for David to go from my side to Bethlehem?' [§]
Vayyan Yehonatan et Shaul nish'ol nish'al David me'imadi ad beit lahem.
'Vayyan' means 'and he answered'; 'Yehonatan' is the personal name Jonathan; 'et' is the direct‑object marker introducing 'Shaul'; 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul; 'nish'ol' is a verb form meaning 'is there any asking' or 'is there any request?'; 'nish'al' repeats the sense of 'is there any asking' (an emphatic form); 'David' is the personal name David; 'me'imadi' combines 'me' (from) with 'imadi' (my presence or my side) meaning 'from my side'; 'ad' means 'to' or 'until'; 'beit' means 'house'; 'lahem' means 'of bread', referring to Bethlehem.
[1SA.20.29] And he said, Let me go, please, because there is a family sacrifice for us in the city and he ordered me, my brother, and now if I find favor in your eyes, let me escape, please, and I will see my brother; therefore he did not come to the king's table. [§]
Vayomer shal'echeni na ki zevach mishpacha lanu ba'ir vehu tzivah li achi ve'ata im matati chen be'enecha imalte na ve'er'eh et-echayi al ken lo ba el shulchan ha melekh.
'Vayomer' means 'And he said', 'shal'echeni' means 'let me go', 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please', 'ki' means 'because', 'zevach' means 'sacrifice', 'mishpacha' means 'family', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'ba'ir' means 'in the city', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'tzivah' means 'ordered', 'li' means 'to me', 'achi' means 'my brother', 've'ata' means 'and now', 'im' means 'if', 'matati' means 'I find', 'chen' means 'favor', 'be'enecha' means 'in your eyes', 'imalte' means 'let me escape', 'na' again 'please', 've'er'eh' means 'and I will see', 'et-echayi' means 'my brother', 'al ken' means 'therefore', 'lo' means 'not', 'ba' means 'came', 'el' means 'to', 'shulchan' means 'table', 'ha melekh' means 'the king'.
[1SA.20.30] Saul's anger burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, 'son of shame, the rebellion, did I not know that you have been chosen for the son of Jesse, to clothe yourself and to wear the disgrace of your mother?' [§]
Vayichar-af Shaul biYonatan vayomer lo, ben-naavot ha-mardut? Halo yadaati ki bocher atah le-ben-Yishai le-bashtecha u-le-boshet ervat imekha.
'Vayichar-af' means 'and his anger burned', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'biYonatan' means 'against Jonathan', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ben-naavot' means 'son of shame', 'ha-mardut' means 'the rebellion' (used here as a term of contempt), 'Halo' means 'did not I' or rhetorically 'did you not', 'yadaati' means 'I know', 'ki' means 'that', 'bocher' means 'you choose' or 'you are chosen', 'atah' means 'you', 'le-ben-Yishai' means 'for the son of Jesse', 'le-bashtecha' means 'to clothe yourself', 'u-le-boshet' means 'and to wear', 'ervat' means 'the shame/disgrace', 'imekha' means 'of your mother'. The translation keeps the literal sense of Saul accusing Jonathan of disgrace and referencing his selection as a descendant of Jesse while using the phrase 'to clothe yourself and wear the disgrace of your mother' as a figurative insult.
[1SA.20.31] Because all the days that the son of Jesse lives on the earth you will not endure, you and your kingdom; and now send and bring him to me, because he is a son of death. [§]
Ki kol hayamim asher ben Yishai chai al ha adamah lo tikon attah u malkhutecha ve ata shlach ve kach oto elai ki ben mavet hu.
'Ki' means 'because', 'kol' means 'all' or 'every', 'ha yammim' means 'the days', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'ben' means 'son', 'Yishai' is a proper name (Jesse), 'chai' means 'lives', 'al' means 'upon', 'ha adamah' means 'the ground' or 'the earth', 'lo' means 'not', 'tikon' means 'you will be established' or 'you will endure', 'attah' means 'you', 'u malkhutecha' means 'and your kingdom', 've ata' means 'and now', 'shlach' means 'send', 've kach' means 'and bring', 'oto' means 'him', 'elai' means 'to me', 'ki' means 'because', 'ben mavet' means 'son of death' (idiom for 'a dead man'), 'hu' means 'he'.
[1SA.20.32] And Jonathan answered his father Saul and said to him, Why will he die? What has he done? [§]
va-ya'an Yehonatan et Shaul aviv va-yomer elav lama yumat meh asah.
'va-ya'an' means 'and answered', 'Yehonatan' is the personal name Jonathan, 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'Shaul' means Saul, 'aviv' means 'his father', 'va-yomer' means 'and said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'lama' means 'why', 'yumat' means 'will die', 'meh' means 'what', 'asah' means 'he did'.
[1SA.20.33] And Saul threw the sword at him to strike him, and Yahveh‑given knew that it was all his father's plan to put David to death. [§]
Va-yattel Shaul et-hachanit alav le-hakoto va-yada Yehonatan ki-kalah hi me-im aviv le-hamith et-David.
'Va-yattel' means 'and (he) threw', 'Shaul' is the name of the king, 'et-hachanit' means 'the sword', 'alav' means 'at him', 'le-hakoto' means 'to strike him', 'va-yada' means 'and (he) knew', 'Yehonatan' contains the divine name YHWH which is rendered as 'Yahveh', so the name means 'Yahveh‑given', 'ki' means 'that', 'kalah' means 'it was finished/complete', 'hi' means 'it', 'me-im' means 'from his', 'aviv' means 'father', 'le-hamith' means 'to put to death', 'et-David' means 'David'.
[1SA.20.34] And Jonathan rose from the king's table angry, and he did not eat on the second day of the month bread because he was angry toward David, because his father struck him. [§]
Vayakam yehonatan me'em hashulchan bachori-af, velo akhal beyom hachodesh hasheni lechem ki neetzav el david, ki hichlimo aviv.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'yehonatan' is the name 'Jonathan', 'me'em' means 'from before', 'hashulchan' means 'the table', 'bachori-af' means 'angry', 'velo' means 'and not', 'akhal' means 'he ate', 'beyom' means 'on the day of', 'hachodesh' means 'the month', 'hasheni' means 'the second', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'ki' means 'because', 'neetzav' means 'he was angry', 'el' means 'to', 'david' is the name 'David', 'hichlimo' means 'he struck him', 'aviv' means 'his father'.
[1SA.20.35] And it was in the morning, and Jonathan went out to the field to the appointed meeting of David, and a small boy was with him. [§]
Vayehi baboker vayetze Yonatan hashade lemoed David vena'ar katan immo.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'vayetze' means 'and he went out', 'Yonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'hashade' means 'to the field', 'lemoed' means 'to the appointed time/meeting', 'David' is the name David, 've' is the conjunction 'and', 'na'ar' means 'boy' or 'youth', 'katan' means 'small' or 'young', 'immo' means 'with him'.
[1SA.20.36] And he said to his servant, 'Run, find the money that I am hiding; the young man runs and he will bring the half to be carried over.' [§]
Vayomer lena'aro ruts matza na et-hachitzim asher anochi moreh ha'na'ar ratz vehu-yarah hachetsi leha'avro.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lena'aro' means 'to his young man/servant', 'ruts' is a command meaning 'run', 'matza' means 'find', 'na' is a polite particle meaning 'please', 'et' is the accusative marker for the direct object, 'hachitzim' means 'the money', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'anochi' means 'I', 'moreh' means 'am hiding', 'ha'na'ar' means 'the young man', 'ratz' means 'runs', 'vehu-yarah' means 'and he will bring', 'hachetsi' means 'the half', 'leha'avro' means 'to carry over/bring it'.
[1SA.20.37] And the boy came to the place of the half that Jonathan had thrown, and Jonathan called after the boy and said, 'Is not the half from you and has fled?' [§]
Vayavo han-na'ar ad-mekom hachetzit asher yarah Yehonatan vayikra Yehonatan acharei han-na'ar vayomer halo hachetzit mimmekha va-hal'ah.
'Vayavo' means 'and he came', 'han-na'ar' means 'the boy', 'ad-mekom' means 'to the place of', 'hachetzit' means 'the half', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yarah' means 'he threw', 'Yehonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'acharei' means 'after', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'halo' means 'is not it', 'mimmekha' means 'from you', 'va-hal'ah' means 'and has fled'.
[1SA.20.38] And Jonathan called after the lad, "quickly, hurry, do not stop!" and the lad of Jonathan gathered the half and came to his Lord. [§]
vayikra Yonatan acharei ha-na'ar mehera chusha al-taamod vaylakket na'ar Yonatan et-hachitsi vayavo el-Adonav.
'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'acharei' means 'after', 'ha-na'ar' means 'the lad', 'mehera' means 'quickly', 'chusha' means 'hurry', 'al-taamod' means 'do not stop', 'vaylakket' means 'and gathered', 'na'ar' means 'the lad', 'Yonatan' again means 'Jonathan', 'et-hachitsi' means 'the half', 'vayavo' means 'and came', 'el-Adonav' means 'to his Lord'.
[1SA.20.39] And the boy did not know anything; only Jonathan and David knew the matter. [§]
veha-na'ar lo yada me'umah ach Yehonatan veDavid yada'u et ha-davar.
'veha-na'ar' means 'and the boy', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada' means 'knew', 'me'umah' means 'anything' or 'at all', 'ach' means 'only', 'Yehonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'yada'u' means 'they knew', 'et' is the accusative marker (no translation), 'ha-davar' means 'the matter' or 'the thing'.
[1SA.20.40] And Jonathan gave his vessels to the boy who was his and said to him, Go bring the city. [§]
Vayiten Yehonatan et kelav el hanna'ar asher lo vayomer lo lekh habei ha'ir.
'Vayiten' means 'and gave', 'Yehonatan' is the name Jonathan, 'et kelav' means 'his vessels', 'el hanna'ar' means 'to the boy', 'asher lo' means 'who was his', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'lekh' means 'go', 'habei' means 'bring', 'ha'ir' means 'the city'.
[1SA.20.41] The boy came and David rose from beside the south and fell to his face on the ground and bowed three times and each man kissed his companion and each man wept for his companion until David grew. [§]
ha-naar ba ve-david kam me-e-tzel ha-negev va-yippol le-afav ar-tzah va-yishtachu shalosh pe-amim va-yishku ish et re'ehu va-yivku ish et re'ehu ad david higdal.
'ha-naar' means 'the boy', 'ba' means 'came', 've-david' means 'and David', 'kam' means 'stood up' or 'rose', 'me-e-tzel' means 'from beside', 'ha-negev' means 'the south', 'va-yippol' means 'and fell', 'le-afav' means 'to his face', 'ar-tzah' means 'ground', 'va-yishtachu' means 'and bowed', 'shalosh' means 'three', 'pe-amim' means 'times', 'va-yishku' means 'and kissed', 'ish' means 'man', 'et re'ehu' means 'his companion', 'va-yivku' means 'and wept', 'ad david' means 'until David', 'higdal' means 'grew' or 'increased'.
[1SA.20.42] And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, for we have sworn the two of us in the name of Yahveh, saying, Yahveh will be between me and you and between my offspring and your offspring forever. [§]
Vayomer Yhonatan leDavid lech leshalom asher nishbanu shneinu anachnu beshem Yahveh leemor Yahveh yihyeh beini uveinecha uvein zarei uvein zarecha ad olam.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yhonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'lech' means 'go', 'leshalom' means 'in peace', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'nishbanu' means 'we swore', 'shneinu' means 'the two of us', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'beshem' means 'in the name of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'leemor' means 'to say', 'Yahveh' again the name of God, 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'beini' means 'between me', 'uveinecha' means 'and between you', 'uvein' means 'and between', 'zarei' means 'my seed/offspring', 'zarecha' means 'your seed/offspring', 'ad' means 'until', 'olam' means 'everlasting' or 'forever'.
1SA.21
[1SA.21.1] And he rose and went, and Jonathan came to the city. [§]
Vayakam vayelekh viyonatan ba hair.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'viyonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'ba' means 'came', 'hair' means 'the city'.
[1SA.21.2] And David went to Ahimelech the priest, and Ahimelech was startled to meet David, and he said to him, 'Why are you alone, and there is no man with you?' [§]
Vayyavo David nove el-Achimelach hakohen vayechered Achimelach likraat David vayomer lo madua attah levadekha ve'ish ein itakh.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came/goes', 'David' means 'David', 'nove' means 'to go/approach', 'el' means 'to', 'Achimelach' means 'Ahimelech', 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 'vayechered' means 'and (he) was startled', 'Achimelach' (again) means 'Ahimelech', 'likraat' means 'to meet', 'David' means 'David', 'vayomer' means 'and (he) said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'madua' means 'why', 'attah' means 'you', 'levadekha' means 'alone', 've'ish' means 'and no man', 'ein' means 'is not', 'itakh' means 'with you'.
[1SA.21.3] And David said to Ahimelech the priest the king gave me a command, and he said to me, 'Man, do not know the secret matter that I am sending you and what I commanded you; and I know the youths to a certain place, Almoni.' [§]
Vayomer David laAchimelech hakohen hammelekh tzivani davar vayomer elai ish al-yeida me'uma et-hadavar asher-anokhi sholecha ve'asher tziviti ve'et-hane'arim yod'ati el-mekom ploni almoni.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'laAchimelech' means 'to Ahimelech', 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 'hammelekh' means 'the king', 'tzivani' means 'commanded me', 'davar' means 'a matter' or 'thing', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'elai' means 'to me', 'ish' means 'man', 'al-yeida' means 'let not know', 'me'uma' means 'the secret' or 'the hidden', 'et-hadavar' means 'the matter', 'asher-anokhi' means 'that I', 'sholecha' means 'am sending you', 've'asher' means 'and what', 'tziviti' means 'I commanded', 've'et-hane'arim' means 'and the youths', 'yod'ati' means 'I know', 'el-mekom' means 'to the place', 'ploni' means 'certain' or 'so-and-so', 'almoni' is a proper name meaning 'widower' or a place name.
[1SA.21.4] Now what is under your hand? Five loaves, give them to my hand, or the one that is found. [§]
ve'atah ma yesh tahat yadkha khamisha lechem tena be yadi o hanimtsa.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'ma' means 'what', 'yesh' means 'is', 'tahat-yadkha' means 'under your hand', 'khamisha' means 'five', 'lechem' means 'loaves', 'tena' means 'give', 'be yadi' means 'to my hand', 'o' means 'or', 'hanimtsa' means 'the one that is found'.
[1SA.21.5] The priest answered David and said, 'There is no ordinary bread in my hand, but there is holy bread if the youths are guarded only from a woman.' [§]
va-yan ha-kohen et-david va-yoamer ein lechem chol el-tachat yadi ki im lechem kodesh yesh im nishmeru ha-ne'arim ach me-isha.
'va-yan' means 'and answered', 'ha-kohen' means 'the priest', 'et-david' means 'David', 'va-yoamer' means 'and said', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'chol' means 'raw/uncooked', 'el-tachat' means 'under', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'nishmeru' means 'they are guarded', 'ha-ne'arim' means 'the youths', 'ach' means 'only', 'me-isha' means 'from a woman'.
[1SA.21.6] And David answered the priest and said to him, 'Because if a woman is a burden for us, as yesterday, three days ago when I went out, and they became the vessels of the boys holy, and he is a way naked, and also because the day will be sanctified in the vessel.' [§]
vayyaan David et-hakohen vayyoamer lo ki im iSHA atsuRA-lanu kitmol shilshom betzeiti vayihyu kelei-hanne'arim qodesh vehu derekh chol ve'af ki hayom yikdash bakeli.
'vayyaan' means 'and he answered', 'David' is the personal name David, 'et-hakohen' means 'the priest' (with the object marker 'et'), 'vayyoamer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ki' means 'because', 'im' means 'if', 'iSHA' means 'woman', 'atsuRA' means 'burden' or 'difficulty', 'lanu' means 'for us', 'kitmol' means 'as yesterday', 'shilshom' means 'three days ago', 'betzeiti' means 'when I went out', 'vayihyu' means 'and they became', 'kellei-hanne'arim' means 'the vessels of the boys/servants', 'qodesh' means 'holy', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'derekh' means 'way', 'chol' means 'naked' or 'bare', 've'af' means 'and also', 'ki' means 'because', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'yikdash' means 'will be sanctified', 'bakeli' means 'in the vessel'.
[1SA.21.7] And the priest gave him holy bread because there was no bread there except the bread of the presence, the loaves set before Yahveh, to set a hot loaf on the day of its taking. [§]
vayiten lo hakohen kodesh ki lo haya sham lechem ki im lechem hapanim hamusarim milifnei Yahveh lasum lechem chom beyom hilacho
'vayiten' means 'and gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 'kodesh' means 'holy', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'haya' means 'was', 'sham' means 'there', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'ki' means 'but', 'im' means 'except', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'hapanim' means 'of the presence', 'hamusarim' means 'the loaves (of the presence)', 'milifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'lasum' means 'to set', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'chom' means 'hot', 'beyom' means 'in the day', 'hilacho' means 'of its taking'.
[1SA.21.8] And there a man of Saul's servants on that day was detained before Yahveh, and his name was Doeg the Edomite, Abir the shepherd, who was for Saul. [§]
ve-sham ish me'avdey Shaul ba-yom ha-hu ne'etzar lifnei Yahveh u-shemo Doeg ha-Edomi Abir ha-ro'im asher leShaul.
've-sham' means 'and there', 'ish' means 'a man', 'me'avdey' means 'of the servants of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'ba-yom' means 'on the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'ne'etzar' means 'was detained', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'u-shemo' means 'and his name', 'Doeg' is a personal name, 'ha-Edomi' means 'the Edomite', 'Abir' is a personal name, 'ha-ro'im' means 'the shepherd' (or 'shepherds' as a title), 'asher' means 'who', 'leShaul' means 'for Saul'.
[1SA.21.9] And David said to Ahimelech, There is no spear or sword here under your hand, because I have not taken my sword nor my weapon in my hand, for the word of the king was cut off. [§]
Vayomer David la'achimelekh ve'ein yesh po tachat yadecha chanit o charav ki gam charbi ve'gam keli lo lakachti beyadi ki haya devar ha-melekh nachutz.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'la'achimelekh' means 'to Ahimelech', 've'ein' means 'and there is not', 'yesh' means 'there is', 'po' means 'here', 'tachat' means 'under', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'chanit' means 'spear', 'o' means 'or', 'charav' means 'sword', 'ki' means 'because', 'gam' means 'also', 'charbi' means 'my sword', 've'gam' means 'and also', 'keli' means 'my weapon', 'lo' means 'not', 'lakachti' means 'I have taken', 'beyadi' means 'in my hand', 'ki' means 'for', 'haya' means 'was', 'devar' means 'the word', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'nachutz' means 'cut off'.
[1SA.21.10] And the priest said, the sword of Goliath the Philistine whom you struck in the valley of the oak; behold, it is turned in the shirt behind the ephod. If you will take it for yourself, take it, for there is no other besides it in this, and David said, There is none like it; give it to me. [§]
Vayomer hakohen cherev galyat haplesti asher hikkita be'emek ha'elah hineh hi luta basimlah acharei ha'efod im otah tikach lecha kach ki ein acharat zuletah bazeh vayomer David ein kamoha tenena li.
'Vayomer' means 'And said', 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 'cherev' means 'sword', 'galyat' is the proper name 'Goliath', 'haplesti' means 'the Philistine', 'asher' means 'who', 'hikkita' means 'you struck', 'be'emek' means 'in the valley', 'ha'elah' means 'the oak', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'hi' means 'it/she', 'luta' means 'is turned', 'basimlah' means 'in the shirt', 'acharei' means 'behind', 'ha'efod' means 'the ephod (priestly garment)', 'im' means 'if', 'otah' means 'it/her', 'tikach' means 'you will take', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'kach' means 'take', 'ki' means 'for', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'acharat' means 'other', 'zuletah' means 'besides it', 'bazeh' means 'in this', 'David' is the personal name David, 'kamoha' means 'like it', 'tenena' means 'give it to me'.
[1SA.21.11] And David rose and fled that day from before Saul and went to Ahish king of Gath. [§]
Vayyakam David vayivrach bayom hahu mipenei Shaul vayavo el-Akish melek Gat.
'Vayyakam' means 'and rose', 'David' is the name David, 'vayivrach' means 'and fled', 'bayom' means 'that day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'mipenei' means 'from before', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'vayavo' means 'and went', 'el' means 'to', 'Akish' is the name Ahish, 'melek' means 'king', 'Gat' is the city Gath.
[1SA.21.12] And the servants of Akish said to him, 'Is not this David the king of the land? Shall they not answer in the courts, saying, Saul struck him a thousand times and David a multitude of times?' [§]
Vayomeru avdei Akish elav halo-zeh David melekh haaretz halo lozheh ya'anu bamacholot leimor hikkah Shaul ba'alpav veDavid berivvotav.
'Vayomeru' means 'and they said', 'avdei' means 'servants of', 'Akish' is a personal name, 'elav' means 'to him', 'halo-zeh' means 'is not this', 'David' is a proper name, 'melekh' means 'king', 'haaretz' means 'the land', 'halo' again 'is not', 'lozheh' means 'to this one', 'ya'anu' means 'they will answer', 'bamacholot' means 'in the courts', 'leimor' means 'to say', 'hikkah' means 'struck', 'Shaul' is a proper name, 'ba'alpav' means 'a thousand (times)', 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'berivvotav' means 'in many (times)' or 'a multitude of times'.
[1SA.21.13] And David placed these matters in his heart, and he was greatly afraid before Achish king of Gath. [§]
Vayyasem David et-hadvarim haeleh bilvavo vayira meod mipenei Achish melekh Gat.
'Vayyasem' means 'and he placed', 'David' is the proper name, 'et-hadvarim' means 'the matters', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'bilvavo' means 'in his heart', 'vayira' means 'and he was afraid', 'meod' means 'greatly', 'mipenei' means 'before', 'Achish' is the name of a ruler, 'melekh' means 'king', and 'Gat' is the name of a city.
[1SA.21.14] And he changed its taste in their eyes, and he boasted with his hand, and he lifted upon the thresholds of the gate, and he lowered his saliva to his old man. [§]
Vayeshanno et taamo beeinehem vayitholel beyadam vaytav al daltoot hashaar vayored riro el zekano.
'Vayeshanno' means 'and he changed', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'taamo' means 'its taste', 'beeinehem' means 'in their eyes', 'vayitholel' means 'and he boasted', 'beyadam' means 'with his hand', 'vaytav' means 'and he lifted', 'al' means 'upon', 'daltoot' means 'thresholds', 'hashaar' means 'the gate', 'vayored' means 'and he lowered', 'riro' means 'his saliva', 'el' means 'to', 'zekano' means 'his old man' (i.e., his elder).
[1SA.21.15] And he said Achish to his servants, Behold, you see a man who dreams; why do you bring him to me. [§]
Vayomer Achish el avadav hinneh tiru ish mishtagea lama taviu oto elai.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Achish' is a proper name, 'el' means 'to', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'hinneh' means 'behold', 'tiru' means 'you (plural) see', 'ish' means 'a man', 'mishtagea' means 'who dreams' or 'a dreamer', 'lamah' means 'why', 'taviu' means 'you bring', 'oto' means 'him', 'elai' means 'to me'.
[1SA.21.16] I am short of the insane because you have brought this to mock me; this will come to my house. [§]
Chasar meshuga'im ani ki havetem et ze lehistaggea alai haze yavo el beiti.
'Chasar' means 'short' or 'lack', 'meshuga'im' means 'the insane', 'ani' means 'I', 'ki' means 'because', 'havetem' means 'you have brought', 'et' is the object marker, 'ze' means 'this', 'lehistaggea' means 'to mock', 'alai' means 'upon me', 'haze' means 'this', 'yavo' means 'will come', 'el' means 'to', 'beiti' means 'my house'.
1SA.22
[1SA.22.1] David went from there and escaped to the cave of Adullam; his brothers and all his father's house heard of it and they came down to him there. [§]
Va-yeilech David misham vayimaleh el-me'arat Adullam vayishme'u echav vechol beit aviv vayeredu elav sham.
'Va-yeilech' means 'and went', 'David' is the name David, 'misham' means 'from there', 'vayimaleh' means 'and escaped', 'el-me'arat' means 'to the cave of', 'Adullam' is the place name Adullam, 'vayishme'u' means 'and his brothers heard', 'echav' means 'his brothers', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'beit' means 'house of', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'vayeredu' means 'and they came down', 'elav' means 'to him', 'sham' means 'there'.
[1SA.22.2] And they gathered to Him all the men of casting, and every man who bore for Him, and every man of bitter soul; and it was over them a prince, and they were with Him like four hundred men. [§]
Vayitkabetzū elav kol‑ish matzok ve‑kol‑ish asher‑lo nose ve‑kol‑ish mar‑nefesh vayhi aleihem le‑sar vayihyu imo ke‑arba me'ot ish.
'Vayitkabetzū' means 'and they gathered/assembled', 'elav' means 'to him' (referring to God), 'kol‑ish' means 'all men', 'matzok' means 'casting' or 'melted', 've‑kol‑ish' means 'and every man', 'asher‑lo' means 'who is to him' or 'whose', 'nose' means 'carries' or 'bears', 've‑kol‑ish mar‑nefesh' means 'and every man bitter‑soul', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'aleihem' means 'upon them', 'le‑sar' means 'a prince' or 'a ruler', 'vayihyu' means 'they were', 'imo' means 'with him', 'ke‑arba me'ot' means 'like four hundred', 'ish' means 'men'.
[1SA.22.3] And David went from there toward the north of Moab and said to the king of Moab, "Please let my father and mother go with you until I know what the Gods will do for me." [§]
Va-yechek David misham mitzpeh Moab va-yoamer el-melekh Moab yetze na avi ve-immi itchem ad asher eda ma yaaseh li Elohim.
'Va-yechek' means 'and he went', 'David' is the personal name, 'misham' means 'from there', 'mitzpeh Moab' means 'the north of Moab', 'va-yoamer' means 'and he said', 'el-melekh Moab' means 'to the king of Moab', 'yetze na' means 'please let go', 'avi' means 'my father', 've-immi' means 'and my mother', 'itchem' means 'with you', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher' means 'that', 'eda' means 'I know', 'ma' means 'what', 'yaaseh' means 'will do', 'li' means 'for me', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods' (plural).
[1SA.22.4] And he led them before the king of Moab, and they dwelt with him all the days of David's being in the stronghold. [§]
Vayanchem et-p'nei melekh Moav vayeshvu imo kol-yemei heyot-David ba-metzudah.
'Vayanchem' means 'and he led' (or 'guided'), 'et-p'nei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'melekh' means 'king', 'Moav' means 'Moab', 'vayeshvu' means 'and they dwelt' (or 'sat'), 'imo' means 'with him', 'kol-yemei' means 'all the days of', 'heyot-David' means 'the time of David' (literally 'David's being'), 'ba-metzudah' means 'in the fort' or 'in the stronghold'.
[1SA.22.5] And Gad the prophet said to David, 'You shall not stay in the camp; go and take for yourself the land of Judah.' So David went and came to the forest of Charet. [§]
Vayomer Gad hanavi el-David lo teshev ba-metzudah lech u-ba'ata lekha eretz Yehudah vayelech David vayavo ya'ar Charet.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Gad' is the name of the prophet, 'hanavi' means 'the prophet', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'lo' means 'not', 'teshev' means 'you shall remain', 'ba-metzudah' means 'in the camp', 'lech' means 'go', 'u-ba'ata' means 'and you shall come', 'lekha' means 'for yourself', 'eretz' means 'land', 'Yehudah' means 'of Judah', 'vayelech' means 'and went', 'David' is the name David, 'vayavo' means 'and came', 'ya'ar' means 'forest', 'Charet' is a place name.
[1SA.22.6] And Saul heard that David was known and the men who were with him, and Saul was sitting on the hill under the oak at Ramah, and his spear was in his hand, and all his servants were standing over him. [§]
Va yishma Shaul ki noda David ve anashim asher ito ve Shaul yoshev ba gibah tachat ha eshel ba ramah ve chanito be yado ve chol avadav nitzavim alav.
'Va yishma' means 'and he heard', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'ki' means 'that', 'noda' means 'was known', 'David' is the name David, 've anashim' means 'and men', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'were with him', 've Shaul' means 'and Saul', 'yoshev' means 'was sitting', 'ba gibah' means 'on the hill', 'tachat ha eshel' means 'under the oak', 'ba ramah' means 'in Ramah', 've chanito' means 'and his spear', 'be yado' means 'in his hand', 've chol avadav' means 'and all his servants', 'nitzavim' means 'were standing', 'alav' means 'over him'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translation of names is required.
[1SA.22.7] And Saul said to his standing servants, Listen, O sons of my right hand, also to all of you the son of Yishai will give fields and vineyards; to all of you he will place chiefs of thousands and chiefs of hundreds. [§]
Vayomer Shaul la'avadav hanitzavim alav shim'u na b'nei yemini gam lekhulchem yiten ben-Yishai sadoot u'khramim lekhulchem yashim sarei alafim ve'sarei meot.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'la'avadav' means 'to his servants', 'hanitzavim' means 'the standing' (those who are standing), 'alav' means 'before him', 'shim'u' means 'listen', 'na' is an emphatic particle 'please', 'b'nei' means 'sons of', 'yemini' means 'my right hand', 'gam' means 'also', 'lekulchem' means 'to all of you', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'ben-Yishai' means 'son of Yishai', 'sadoot' means 'fields', 'u'khramim' means 'and vineyards', 'lekulchem' again means 'to all of you', 'yashim' means 'will place', 'sarei' means 'chiefs of', 'alafim' means 'thousands', 've' means 'and', 'sarei' again means 'chiefs of', 'meot' means 'hundreds'.
[1SA.22.8] Because you have bound all of you to me, and there is no one who listens to my ear when my son is cut off with the son of Yishai; there is no healer among you for me, and no one who listens to my ear, for my son has raised my servant over me for the day of this day. [§]
Ki keshartem kullachem alai ve'ein gole et ozni bikhrat b'ni im ben Yishai ve'ein chole mikem alai vegole et ozni ki hekim bani et avdi alai leorev kayom hazeh.
'Ki' means 'Because', 'keshartem' means 'you have bound', 'kullachem' means 'all of you', 'alai' means 'upon me', 've'ein' means 'and there is no', 'gole' means 'one who turns/listens', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ozni' means 'my ear', 'bikhrat' means 'at the cutting', 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'im' means 'with', 'ben' means 'son', 'Yishai' is a proper name, 'chole' means 'healer', 'mikem' means 'among you', 'vegole' means 'and one who turns/listens', 'ki' means 'for', 'hekim' means 'has raised', 'bani' means 'my son', 'avdi' means 'my servant', 'leorev' means 'for the day', 'kayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'. The idiom 'gole et ozni' literally means 'turns my ear' which is an idiom for 'listens' or 'pays attention'.
[1SA.22.9] And Doeg the Edomite, who was standing by Saul's servants, said, I saw the son of Jesse coming to Ahimelech son of Ahitub. [§]
Va yan Doeg ha Edomi ve hu nitzav al avdei Shaul va yomar ra iti et ben Yishai ba noveh el Achimelekh ben Achituv.
'Va' means 'and', 'yan' (from 'ya'an') means 'answered' or 'replied', 'Doeg' is a proper name, 'ha' means 'the', 'Edomi' means 'Edomite', 've' means 'and', 'hu' means 'he', 'nitzav' means 'stood' or 'was standing', 'al' means 'by' or 'over', 'avdei' means 'servants of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'va' again means 'and', 'yomar' means 'he said', 'ra' means 'I saw', 'iti' means 'I', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Yishai' is Jesse, 'ba' means 'came', 'noveh' (from 'novah') means 'approached' or 'went toward', 'el' means 'to', 'Achimelekh' is Ahimelech, 'ben' again means 'son of', 'Achituv' is Ahitub.
[1SA.22.10] He consulted Yahveh on his behalf, and gave him fodder, and also gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine. [§]
Vayisha'al-lo baYahveh ve-tseidah natan lo ve-et cherav Galyat haPlishti natan lo.
'Vayisha'al' means 'and he asked' or 'inquired', 'lo' means 'for him' or 'on his behalf', 'baYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God), 've-tseidah' means 'and (he) gave a supply of fodder', 'natan' means 'he gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 've-et' means 'and (the)', 'cherav' means 'sword', 'Galyat' means 'of Goliath', 'haPlishti' means 'the Philistine', and the final 'natan lo' again means 'gave (it) to him'.
[1SA.22.11] And the king sent to call Achimelech son of Ahitub the priest and also all the house of his father the priests who were in Benob, and they all came to the king. [§]
vayishlach hamelekh likro et achimelekh ben achituv hakohen ve'et kol beit aviv hakohanim asher benob vayavo'u kulam el hamelekh.
'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'hamelekh' means 'the king', 'likro' means 'to call', 'et' is the object marker, 'achimelekh' is a personal name meaning 'Achimelech', 'ben' means 'son of', 'achituv' is a personal name meaning 'Ahitub', 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 've'et' means 'and also', 'kol' means 'all', 'beit' means 'house', 'aviv' means 'his father', 'hakohanim' means 'the priests', 'asher' means 'who' or 'that', 'benob' is a place name meaning 'Benob', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'kulam' means 'all of them', 'el' means 'to', 'hamelekh' means 'the king'.
[1SA.22.12] And Saul said, 'Listen, son of Ahitub,' and he said, 'Behold, I am my Lord.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul shma na ben Ahituv vayomer hineni Adoni.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'shma na' means 'listen please', 'ben Ahituv' means 'son of Ahitub', another 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'hineni' means 'behold, here I am', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord' (literally the divine title translated as my Lord).
[1SA.22.13] And he said to him, Saul, why have you bound against me, you and the son of Jesse, by giving him bread and sword, and will ask him in the Gods to arise to me for testing as this day. [§]
vayomer elav shaul lamah keshartem alai atah uven yishai betittecha lo lechem vecherav veshaol lo beelohim lakeum elai leorev kayom hazeh.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'lamah' means 'why', 'keshartem' means 'you have bound' (plural), 'alai' means 'against me', 'atah' means 'you', 'uven yishai' means 'the son of Jesse', 'betittecha' means 'by your giving', 'lo' means 'to him', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'vecherav' means 'and sword', 'veshaol' means 'and will ask', 'lo' means 'him', 'beelohim' means 'in the Gods', 'lakeum' means 'to arise', 'elai' means 'to me', 'leorev' means 'for testing', 'kayom' means 'as the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[1SA.22.14] And Ahimelech answered the king and said, 'Who among your servants is faithful like David, and the king's son-in-law? Go to your hearing and be honored in your house.' [§]
Vaya'an Achimelekh et-hamelakh vayomer u-mi bechol avadecha kedavid ne'eman vachatan hamelakh ve-sar el-mishmatecha ve-nichbad beveitecha.
'Vaya'an' means 'and he answered', 'Achimelekh' is the proper name Ahimelech, 'et-hamelakh' means 'the king', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'u-mi' means 'and who', 'bechol avadecha' means 'among all your servants', 'kedavid' means 'like David', 'ne'eman' means 'faithful', 'vachatan' means 'and the son-in-law', 'hamelakh' means 'the king', 've-sar' means 'go away', 'el-mishmatecha' means 'to your hearing', 've-nichbad' means 'and be honored', 'beveitecha' means 'in your house'.
[1SA.22.15] The day I began to ask him concerning the Gods, I was ashamed; let the king not place any matter in his servant within all my father's house, because your servant did not know any of these matters, whether small or great. [§]
hayom hachiloti lishal-lo beElohim chalila li al-yasem ha-melekh beavdo davar bechol beit avi ki lo yada avdecha bechol zot davar katon o gadol.
'hayom' means 'the day', 'hachiloti' means 'I began', 'lishal-lo' means 'to ask him', 'beElohim' means 'in the Gods' (Elohim is translated as 'the Gods'), 'chalila' means 'shame' or 'embarrassment', 'li' means 'to me', 'al-yasem' means 'let not put', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'beavdo' means 'in his servant', 'davar' means 'matter' or 'thing', 'bechol' means 'in all', 'beit' means 'house', 'avi' means 'my father', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada' means 'knew', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'zot' means 'this', 'katon' means 'small', 'o' means 'or', 'gadol' means 'great'.
[1SA.22.16] And the king said, You shall die, Ahimelech, you and all the house of your father. [§]
vayomer ha-melekh mot tamut Achimelech atah ve-khol beit avikha.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'mot' means 'die', 'tamut' means 'you shall die', 'Achimelech' is a personal name, 'atah' means 'you', 've-' means 'and', 'khol' means 'all', 'beit' means 'house', 'avikha' means 'your father'.
[1SA.22.17] And the king said to the conspirators who were standing against him, 'Turn yourselves and kill the priests of Yahveh, for also their hand is with David, and they knew that he is fleeing and they did not hear with their ears, nor did the king's servants intend to send their hand to strike the priests of Yahveh.' [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh la-ratzim ha-nitzavim alav savu ve-hamitu kohanei Yahveh ki gam-yadam im-David ve-ki yadu ki-vo'reach hu ve-lo galu et-oznu ve-lo avu avdei ha-melekh lishlach et-yadam lifgoa be-kohanei Yahveh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'la-ratzim' means 'to the conspirators', 'ha-nitzavim' means 'the standing', 'alav' means 'against him', 'savu' means 'turn yourselves', 've-hamitu' means 'and kill', 'kohanei Yahveh' means 'priests of Yahveh', 'ki' means 'because', 'gam-yadam' means 'also their hand', 'im-David' means 'with David', 've-ki' means 'and that', 'yadu' means 'they knew', 'ki-vo'reach' means 'that he is fleeing', 've-lo galu' means 'and they did not hear', 'et-oznu' means 'their ears', 've-lo avu' means 'and they did not intend', 'avdei ha-melekh' means 'the king's servants', 'lishlach' means 'to send', 'et-yadam' means 'their hand', 'lifgoa' means 'to strike', 'be-kohanei Yahveh' means 'the priests of Yahveh'.
[1SA.22.18] And the king said to Doyeg, 'Turn yourself and strike the priests.' And Doyeg the Ethiopian turned, and he struck the priests, and he killed that day eight and five men bearing an ephod of linen. [§]
Vayomer ha-melekh le-Doyeg: sov attah u-paga ba-kohein; vayisov Doyeg ha-Adomi vayipga hu ba-kohein vayameth ba-yom ha-hu shmonim ve-chamisha ish noseh eford bad.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'le-Doyeg' means 'to Doyeg', 'sov' means 'turn', 'attah' means 'you', 'u-paga' means 'and strike', 'ba-kohein' means 'the priests', 'vayisov' means 'and he turned', 'ha-Adomi' means 'the Ethiopian', 'vayipga' means 'and he struck', 'hu' means 'he', 'vayameth' means 'and he killed', 'ba-yom' means 'in the day', 'ha-hu' means 'that', 'shmonim' means 'eight', 've-chamisha' means 'and five', 'ish' means 'men', 'noseh' means 'bearing', 'eford' means 'an ephod', 'bad' means 'of linen'.
[1SA.22.19] And he struck the city of Nob, the city of the priests, with a sword, from a man even to a woman, from a child even to a youth, and an ox, a donkey, and a sheep, with the sword. [§]
ve-et Nov ir ha-kohe-nim hi-ka le-pi che-rev me-ish ve-ad i-sha me-o-lel ve-ad yo-nek ve-shor va-cha-mor ve-se le-pi che-rev.
've-et' means 'and (the)', 'Nov' is the name of the city, 'ir' means 'city', 'ha-kohe-nim' means 'the priests', 'hi-ka' means 'he struck' or 'he smote', 'le-pi' means 'by the edge of' or 'with', 'che-rev' means 'sword', 'me-ish' means 'from a man', 've-ad' means 'and up to', 'i-sha' means 'a woman', 'me-o-lel' means 'from a child', 've-ad' again 'and up to', 'yo-nek' means 'a youth' or 'young man', 've-shor' means 'and an ox', 'va-cha-mor' means 'and a donkey', 've-se' means 'and a sheep', and the final 'le-pi che-rev' repeats 'by the sword'.
[1SA.22.20] And a certain son fled to Ahimelech son of Ahitub, and his name was Abiathar, and he fled after David. [§]
vayimmalet ben-echad la-achimelech ben-achituv ushemo evyatar vayivrach acharay david.
'vayimmalet' means 'and he fled', 'ben-echad' means 'a certain son' (literally 'son of one'), 'la-achimelech' means 'to Ahimelech', 'ben-achituv' means 'son of Ahitub', 'ushemo' means 'and his name', 'evyatar' is the personal name 'Abiathar', 'vayivrach' means 'and he fled', 'acharay' means 'after', 'david' means 'David'.
[1SA.22.21] And Evyatar told David that Saul had killed the priests of Yahveh. [§]
Vayaged Evyatar leDavid ki harag Shaul et kohanei Yahveh.
'Vayaged' means 'and (he) told', 'Evyatar' is a proper name, 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'harag' means 'he killed', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'et' is a grammatical marker of the direct object (not rendered in English), 'kohanei' means 'priests of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH.
[1SA.22.22] And David said to Evyatar, I know on that day that there the Edomite passes, because the informer will tell Saul, I have surrounded with all my soul the house of your father. [§]
Vayomer David leEvyatar yadi'ti ba-yom ha-hu ki-sham doyeg ha-adomi ki-haged yaggid leShaul anochi savoti be-khol-nefesh beit avikha.
"Vayomer" means "and said", "David" is the name David, "leEvyatar" means "to Evyatar", "yadi'ti" means "I know", "ba-yom" means "on the day", "ha-hu" means "that", "ki-sham" means "that there", "doyeg" means "passes" or "goes through", "ha-adomi" means "the Edomite", "ki-haged" means "that the informer", "yaggid" means "will tell", "leShaul" means "to Saul", "anochi" means "I", "savoti" means "have surrounded", "be-khol-nefesh" means "with all my soul", "beit" means "house", "avikha" means "of your father".
[1SA.22.23] Stay with me, do not be afraid, because he who seeks my soul seeks your soul, because you are keeping watch with me. [§]
Shevah itti al tira ki asher yevakesh et nafshi yevakesh et nafsecha ki mishmeret attah imadi.
'Shevah' means 'stay' or 'remain', 'itti' means 'with me', 'al' means 'do not', 'tira' means 'be afraid', 'ki' means 'because', 'asher' means 'who', 'yevakesh' means 'seeks', 'et' is a marker of the direct object, 'nafshi' means 'my soul', the second 'yevakesh' repeats 'seeks', 'nafsecha' means 'your soul', the second 'ki' again means 'because', 'mishmeret' means 'you are keeping watch' or 'you guard', 'attah' means 'you', and 'imadi' means 'with me'.
1SA.23
[1SA.23.1] And they reported to David, saying, Behold, the Philistines are fighting at Qeilah, and they are breaking the grain stores. [§]
Vayagidu leDavid lemar hineh Philistim nilchamim biqa'ila ve'hemma shosim et ha-gronot.
'Vayagidu' means 'and they reported', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'lemar' means 'saying', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'nilchamim' means 'are fighting', 'biqa'ila' means 'at Qeilah', 've'hemma' means 'and they', 'shosim' means 'are breaking', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'ha-gronot' means 'the grain stores'.
[1SA.23.2] And David asked Yahveh, saying, 'Shall I go and strike these Philistines?' Then Yahveh said to David, 'Go and strike the Philistines, and you will save Keilah.' [§]
vayishal David baYahveh lemor ha'elekh ve'hiketi baPlishtim ha'eleh vayomer Yahveh el-David lekh ve'hikita baPlishtim ve'hoshatta et Keila.
'vayishal' means 'and he asked', 'David' is the name David, 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (YHWH), 'lemor' means 'to say', 'ha'elekh' means 'shall I go', 've'hiketi' means 'and strike', 'baPlishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'ha'eleh' means 'these', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHWH, 'el-David' means 'to David', 'lekʰ' means 'go', 've'hikita' means 'and strike', 've'hoshatta' means 'and you will save', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Keila' is the name of the town Keilah.
[1SA.23.3] And the men of David said to him, Behold, we are here in Judah, fearing, and also that we should go quickly to the Philistine camps. [§]
Vayomru anashei David elav hineh anachnu po biYehuda yereim veaf ki nelekh kela el maarkot Pelistim.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'anashei' means 'men of', 'David' is the name David, 'elav' means 'to him', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'anachnu' means 'we', 'po' means 'here', 'biYehuda' means 'in Judah', 'yereim' means 'fearing', 'veaf' means 'and also', 'ki' means 'that', 'nelekh' means 'we will go', 'kela' (literally 'sharp' but here idiomatic for 'quickly' or 'at once'), 'el' means 'to', 'maarkot' means 'camps' or 'encampments', 'Pelistim' means 'Philistines'.
[1SA.23.4] And again David asked the LORD, and the LORD answered him and said, 'Arise, go down, strike them, for I am giving the Philistines into your hand.' [§]
Vayosaf od David lis'hal baYHWH sav ya'anehu YHWH vayomer kum, red, qeilah, ki ani noten et Philistim beyadecha.
'Vayosaf' means 'and he added/again', 'od' means 'still/again', 'David' is the name David, 'lis'hal' means 'to ask', 'baYHWH' means 'of the LORD', 'sav' means 'and He answered', 'ya'anehu' means 'him', 'YHWH' is the divine name Yahveh, 'vayomer' means 'and He said', 'kum' means 'arise', 'red' means 'go down', 'qeilah' means 'strike them', 'ki' means 'for/because', 'ani' means 'I', 'noten' means 'am giving', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'beyadecha' means 'in your hand'.
[1SA.23.5] And David went with his men to Keila, and he fought the Philistines, and he drove away their livestock, and he struck them with a great blow, and David saved the inhabitants of Keila. [§]
vayet lekh David ve'anashav keila vayilachem ba pelistim vayinehag et miknehem vayach bahem makka gedolah vayosha David et yoshvei keila.
'vayet' means 'and went', 'lekha' means 'to', 'David' is the name David, 've'anashav' means 'and his men', 'keila' is the place Keila, 'vayilachem' means 'and fought', 'ba' means 'against', 'pelistim' means 'the Philistines', 'vayinehag' means 'and he drove away', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'miknehem' means 'their livestock', 'vayach' means 'and he struck', 'bahem' means 'them', 'makka' means 'a blow', 'gedolah' means 'great', 'vayosha' means 'and saved', 'David' again the name, 'et' marker, 'yoshvei' means 'the inhabitants', 'keila' again the place.
[1SA.23.6] And it happened that while fleeing, Evyatar son of Ahimelech went to David at Keilah; the ephod went down into his hand. [§]
Vayhi bivro'ach Evyatar ben-Achimelekh el-David Ke'ila ephod yarad be-yado.
'Vayhi' means 'and it happened', 'bivro'ach' means 'while fleeing', 'Evyatar' is a personal name, 'ben-Achimelekh' means 'son of Ahimelech', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'Ke'ila' is a place name (Keilah), 'ephod' is the priestly garment, 'yarad' means 'went down' or 'fell', 'be-yado' means 'into his hand'.
[1SA.23.7] And it was reported to Saul that David came with a sling, and Saul said, 'He was cut, the Gods in my hand, because it was closed to come in the city of two doors and a crack.' [§]
Vayugad leShaul ki ba David ke'ilah vayomer Shaul nikar oto Elohim be yadi ki nisgar lavo be ir delatayim u berich.
'Vayugad' means 'and it was reported', 'leShaul' means 'to Saul', 'ki' means 'that', 'ba' means 'came', 'David' is the name David, 'ke'ilah' means 'with a sling', 'vayer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'nikar' means 'was cut', 'oto' means 'him', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'be yadi' means 'in my hand', 'ki' means 'because', 'nisgar' means 'it was closed', 'lavo' means 'to come', 'be ir' means 'in the city', 'delatayim' means 'two doors', 'u berich' means 'and a crack'.
[1SA.23.8] And Saul heard all the people for battle, to go down to Keilah, to the rock, to David and to his men. [§]
Vayeshama Shaul et kol ha'am lamilchamah laredet Keilah latzur el David veel anashav.
'Vayeshama' means 'and Saul heard', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 'lamilchamah' means 'for battle', 'laredet' means 'to go down', 'Keilah' is the place name Keilah, 'latzur' means 'to the rock (fortress)', 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the proper name David, 'veel' means 'and to', 'anashav' means 'his men'.
[1SA.23.9] And David knew that Saul was silencing the evil and he said to Evyatar the priest, bring the ephod. [§]
vayedah David ki alav Shaul macharish hareah vayomer el Evyatar hakohen hagisha haephod.
'vayedah' means 'and he knew', 'David' is the name David, 'ki' means 'that', 'alav' means 'upon him' or 'about him', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'macharish' means 'silencing' or 'quieting', 'hareah' means 'the evil', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el' means 'to', 'Evyatar' is the name Evyatar, 'hakohen' means 'the priest', 'hagisha' means 'bring' or 'present', 'haephod' means 'the ephod' (a priestly garment).
[1SA.23.10] And David said, Yahveh God of Israel, listen, listen, your servant, because Saul is seeking to come to Ke'ila to destroy the city for my sake. [§]
Vayomer David Yahveh Elohei Yisrael shamo'a shama avdecha ki-mevakesh Shaul lavo el Ke'ila leshachet la'ir ba'avuri.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'God of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'shamo'a' means 'listen' (imperative), 'shama' repeats 'listen', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'ki' means 'because', 'mevakesh' means 'is seeking', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'lavo' means 'to come', 'el' means 'to', 'Ke'ila' is the place name Ke'ila, 'leshachet' means 'to destroy', 'la'ir' means 'the city', 'ba'avuri' means 'for my sake' or 'on my behalf'.
[1SA.23.11] Will they bind me, owners of ke'ilah, in his hand? Will Saul descend as your servant heard, Yahveh the Gods of Israel, please tell to your servant, and Yahveh said, descend. [§]
Hayasgiruni ba'alei ke'ilah beyado hayered Shaul ka'asher shama avdecha Yahveh Elohei Yisrael hagad-na le'avdecha savoyomer Yahveh yered.
'Hayasgiruni' means 'will they bind me', 'ba'alei' means 'by the owners of', 'ke'ilah' is a proper name (possibly a place or clan) whose exact meaning is uncertain, 'beyado' means 'in his hand', 'hayered' means 'will descend', 'Shaul' is the personal name 'Saul', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'shama' means 'heard', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods' (plural of God), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'hagad-na' means 'please tell', 'le'avdecha' means 'to your servant', 'savoyomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' again is the divine name, and 'yered' means 'descend'.
[1SA.23.12] And David said, 'Will the owners of the cage imprison me and my men in the hand of Saul?' And Yahveh said, 'They will imprison.' [§]
Vayomer David hayasgiru ba'alei ke'ila oti ve'et-anashai beyad Shaul vayomer Yahveh yasgiru.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'hayasgiru' means 'will they imprison', 'ba'alei' means 'the owners of', 'ke'ila' means 'the cage', 'oti' means 'me', 've'et-anashai' means 'and my men', 'beyad' means 'in the hand of', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, the second 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'yasgiru' means 'they will imprison'. The final character ס is a scribal notation and is not part of the text.
[1SA.23.13] David rose up, and his men, six hundred men, went out from Ke'ila and walked in whatever way they walked; and to Saul it was reported that David had fled from Ke'ila, and he stopped going out. [§]
Vayakam David va'anashav keshesh-me'ot ish vayitze'u mi'ke'ila vayithal'chu ba'aser yithal'lu ulesha'ol huggad ki-nimlat David mi'ke'ila vayechdal latzet.
"Vayakam" means "and he rose", "David" is the personal name David, "va'anashav" means "and his men", "keshesh-me'ot" means "six hundred", "ish" means "man" (here plural "men"), "vayitze'u" means "they went out", "mi'ke'ila" is the place name Ke'ila, "vayithal'chu" means "they walked", "ba'aser" means "in the manner that", "yithal'lu" means "they would walk", "ulesha'ol" means "to Saul", "huggad" means "it was reported", "ki" means "that", "nimlat" means "escaped" or "fled", "vayechdal" means "he ceased" or "stopped", and "latzet" means "to go out".
[1SA.23.14] And David sat in the desert in the outskirts, and he sat on the mountain in the desert of Zif, and Saul sought him all the days, and he did not give him the Gods in his hand. [§]
vayyeshev David bamidbar bametzadot vayyeshev ba-har be-midbar-zif vaybaqshehu Shaul kol-hayamim ve-lo netano Elohim be-yado.
'vayyeshev' means 'and he sat', 'David' means the name David, 'bamidbar' means 'in the desert', 'bametzadot' means 'in the outskirts', 'ba-har' means 'on the mountain', 'be-midbar-zif' means 'in the desert of Zif', 'vaybaqshehu' means 'and he sought him', 'Shaul' means the name Saul, 'kol-hayamim' means 'all the days', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'netano' means 'gave him', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'be-yado' means 'in his hand'.
[1SA.23.15] And David saw that Saul had gone out to seek his soul, and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in the thicket. [§]
Vayar David ki-yatse Shaul le'bakesh et-napsho, veDavid b'midbar Zif ba'chorsha.
'Vayar' means 'and saw', 'David' is the name David, 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'yatse' means 'went out', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'le'bakesh' means 'to seek', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'napsho' means 'his soul', 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'b'midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'Zif' is the place name Ziph, 'ba'chorsha' means 'in the thicket'.
[1SA.23.16] And Jonathan son of Saul rose and went to David in secret and strengthened his hand by the Gods. [§]
Vayakam Yonatan ben Shaul vayelekh el David chorshah vayechazek et yado beElohim.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'Yonatan' means 'Jonathan', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'el' means 'to', 'David' means 'David', 'chorshah' means 'in secret', 'vayechazek' means 'and he strengthened', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'yado' means 'his hand', 'beElohim' means 'by the Gods' (Elohim translated literally as 'the Gods').
[1SA.23.17] And he said to him, 'Do not be afraid, because the hand of Saul my father will not find you, and you will reign over Israel, and I will be for you as a substitute, and Saul my father indeed knows this.' [§]
Vayomer elav al-tira ki lo timtzeacha yad Shaul avi ve'atah timlokh al-Yisrael ve'anokhi ehyeh-levkha le-mishneh ve-gam Shaul avi yodea ken.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'al-tira' means 'do not be afraid', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'timtzeacha' means 'you will be found' or 'you will be caught', 'yad' means 'hand', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'avi' means 'my father', 've'atah' means 'and you', 'timlokh' means 'will reign', 'al-Yisrael' means 'over Israel', 've'anokhi' means 'and I', 'ehyeh-levkha' means 'will be to you', 'le-mishneh' means 'as a substitute' or 'as a successor', 've-gam' means 'and also', 'Shaul avi' again 'Saul my father', 'yodea' means 'knows', 'ken' means 'indeed' or 'so'. No divine names appear in this verse, so the standard literal translations of God names are not invoked.
[1SA.23.18] And they made a covenant between the two of them before Yahveh; and David sat in the courtyard, and Jonathan went to his house. [§]
Vayikhr'tu sheneihem berit liffnei Yahveh; vayyeshev David ba'chorsha v'Yonatan halakh le'veito.
'Vayikhr'tu' means 'and they made', 'sheneihem' means 'the two of them', 'berit' means 'covenant', 'liffnei' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'vayyeshev' means 'and he sat', 'David' is the proper name David, 'ba'chorsha' means 'in the courtyard', 'v'Yonatan' means 'and Jonathan', 'halakh' means 'went', 'le'veito' means 'to his house'.
[1SA.23.19] And the Ziphites went up to Saul at the hill, saying, "Is not David hiding with us in the crags, in the wilderness, in the hill of the cunning, which is from the west?" [§]
Vayyaalu Ziphim el Shaul ha-givata le'emor halo David mistater imanu ba-metzadot ba-chorsha be-givat ha-chakila asher mimin hayshimon.
'Vayyaalu' means 'and they went up', 'Ziphim' means 'the Ziphites', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'ha-givata' means 'the hill', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'halo' means 'is not', 'David' means 'David', 'mistater' means 'hiding', 'imanu' means 'with us', 'ba-metzadot' means 'in the crags', 'ba-chorsha' means 'in the wilderness', 'be-givat' means 'in the hill of', 'ha-chakila' means 'the cunning' (a place name), 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'mimin' means 'from the right side', 'hayshimon' means 'the west'.
[1SA.23.20] And now, for every desire of your soul, the king, go down, descend, and to us he delivered it in the hand of the king. [§]
ve'atah lechol-awwat nafshkha ha-melekh la'red red ve-lanu ha-sgiro be-yad ha-melekh.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'lechol-awwat' means 'for every desire', 'nafshkha' means 'of your soul', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'la'red' means 'to go down', 'red' is an imperative form of 'go down', 've-lanu' means 'and to us', 'ha-sgiro' means 'he delivered him/it', 'be-yad' means 'in the hand of', 'ha-melekh' again means 'the king'.
[1SA.23.21] And Saul said, Blessed are you to Yahveh because you have shown mercy toward me. [§]
Vayomer Shaul baruchim atem laYahveh ki chamaltem alai.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'baruchim' means 'blessed' (plural), 'atem' means 'you' (plural), 'laYahveh' means 'to Yahveh' (the name of God), 'ki' means 'because', 'chamaltem' means 'you have shown mercy', 'alai' means 'to me'.
[1SA.23.22] Let us go, please, prepare again and know and see its place which will be his foot; who saw him there? For he said to me, 'Naked ...' (the term 'yaarim' being uncertain, perhaps meaning 'exposed'). [§]
Lechu na hachinu od udeu ureu et makomo asher tiheye raglo mi raahu sham ki amar elai arom yaarim hu.
'Lechu' means 'let us go', 'na' is a polite request particle meaning 'please', 'hachinu' means 'prepare', 'od' means 'again' or 'more', 'udeu' means 'and know', 'ureu' means 'and see', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'makomo' means 'its place', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'tiheye' means 'will be', 'raglo' means 'his foot', 'mi' means 'who', 'raahu' means 'saw him', 'sham' means 'there', 'ki' means 'because', 'amar' means 'he said', 'elai' means 'to me', 'arom' means 'naked', 'yaarim' is an obscure term possibly meaning 'will be exposed' or a proper name, 'hu' means 'he'.
[1SA.23.23] And see and know from all the hiding places where you will hide there, and return to me to the right place, and I will walk with you, and it will be if there is it in the land, and I will search for it throughout all the thousands of Judah. [§]
Ure'u ude'u mikol hamachabim asher yitchabe sham veshavtem elai el-nachon vhalakhti itchem vhayah im yeshno baaretz vchifashti oto bekhol alfei Yehudah.
'Ure\'u' means 'and see', 'ude\'u' means 'and know', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'hamachabim' means 'the hiding places', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'yitchabe' means 'will hide', 'sham' means 'there', 'veshavtem' means 'and you will return', 'elai' means 'to me', 'el-nachon' means 'to the right place', 'vhalakhti' means 'and I will walk/go', 'itchem' means 'with you', 'vhayah' means 'and it will be', 'im' means 'if', 'yeshno' means 'there is it', 'baaretz' means 'in the land', 'vchifashti' means 'and I will search', 'oto' means 'for it', 'bekhol' means 'throughout all', 'alfei' means 'thousands', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah'.
[1SA.23.24] And they arose and went in a line before Saul, and David and his men in the desert of Maon in the east, to the right of the watchtower. [§]
Vayaku mu vayelechu zipah lifnei Shaul veDavid va'anashav b'midbar Maon ba'arava el yemin hayeshimon.
'Vayaku' means 'and they arose', 'mu' is a form of 'they', 'vayelechu' means 'and they went', 'zipah' means 'in a line' or 'in order', 'lifnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'va'anashav' means 'and his men', 'b'midbar' means 'in the desert', 'Maon' is the place name 'Maon', 'ba'arava' means 'in the east', 'el' means 'to' or 'toward', 'yemin' means 'right side', 'hayeshimon' means 'the watchtower' or 'the appointed guard'.
[1SA.23.25] And Saul and his men went to search, and they reported to David, and he went down to the rock, and he sat in the wilderness of Maon; and Saul heard, and he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon. [§]
vayyelekh Shaul va'anashav levakesh vayagidu ledavid vayyered ha-sela vayyeshev be-midbar Maon vayishma Shaul vayirdef acharei-David be-midbar Maon.
'vayyelekh' means 'and he went', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'va'anashav' means 'and his men', 'levakesh' means 'to search', 'vayagidu' means 'they reported', 'ledavid' means 'to David', 'vayyered' means 'and he went down', 'ha-sela' means 'the rock', 'vayyeshev' means 'and he sat', 'be-midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'Maon' means 'Maon (a place name)', 'vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'vayirdef' means 'and he pursued', 'acharei-David' means 'after David', 'be-midbar Maon' means 'in the wilderness of Maon'.
[1SA.23.26] And Saul went from that side of the hill, and David and his men went from the other side of the hill; and David was being pursued to go before Saul, and Saul and his men pursued David and his men to seize them. [§]
Vayelech Shaul mitzad hahar mizzeh veDavid va'anashav mitzad hahar mizzeh vayhi David nechpaz lalechet mipnei Shaul veShaul va'anashav ot'rim el David ve el anashav letapsham.
'Vayelech' means 'and he went', 'Shaul' is the proper name Shaul, 'mitzad' means 'from the side of', 'hahar' means 'the hill/mountain', 'mizzeh' means 'from there', 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'va'anashav' means 'and his men', the second 'mitzad hahar mizzeh' repeats 'from the other side of the hill there', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'David' repeats the name, 'nechpaz' means 'being hunted' or 'pursued', 'lalechet' means 'to go', 'mipnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'Shaul' repeats the name, 'veShaul' means 'and Saul', 'va'anashav' means 'and his men', 'ot'rim' means 'surrounding' or 'pursuing', 'el David' means 'against David', 've el anashav' means 'and against his men', 'letapsham' means 'to seize them'.
[1SA.23.27] And an angel came to Saul, saying, 'Hurry and go, for the Philistines have rushed upon the land.' [§]
Umalach ba el Shaul le'mor mahara ve'lecha ki pashtu pelishtim al haaretz.
'Umalach' means 'and an angel', 'ba' means 'came', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'le'mor' means 'to say', 'mahara' means 'hurry', 've'lecha' means 'and go', 'ki' means 'because', 'pashtu' means 'they rushed' (from the root meaning 'to rush forward'), 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'al' means 'upon', 'haaretz' means 'the land'.
[1SA.23.28] And Saul turned away from pursuing after David and went to meet the Philistines; therefore they called that place the Rock of the Divisions. [§]
Vayyashav Shaul mirdef acharei David vayelekh likrat Pelishtim al-ken kareu lamakom hahu sela hamachlokot.
'Vayyashav' means 'and he turned/returned', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'mirdef' means 'from pursuit', 'acharei' means 'after', 'David' is the proper name David, 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'likrat' means 'to meet', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'al-ken' means 'therefore' or 'for this reason', 'kareu' means 'they called', 'lamakom' means 'the place', 'hahu' means 'that', 'sela' means 'rock', 'hamachlokot' means 'of the divisions' or 'of the sections'.
1SA.24
[1SA.24.1] And David went up from there, and sat in the strongholds of Ein Gedi. [§]
Vayya'al David misham vayyeshev bimitzadot Ein-Gedi.
'Vayya'al' means 'and went up', 'David' is the proper name David, 'misham' means 'from there', 'vayyeshev' means 'and sat' or 'and dwelt', 'bimitzadot' means 'in the strongholds', 'Ein-Gedi' is a place name meaning 'the spring of Gedi' (an oasis).
[1SA.24.2] And it came to pass, as Saul returned after the Philistines, they reported to him, saying, Behold, David is in the wilderness of Ein Gedi. [§]
Vayehi ka'asher shav Shaul me'acharei Philistim vayagidu lo le'emor hinneh David be'midbar Ein Gedi.
'Vayehi' means 'and it came to pass', 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'when', 'shav' means 'he returned', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'me'acharei' means 'from behind' or 'after', 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'vayagidu' means 'they reported' or 'they said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'hinneh' means 'behold', 'David' is the personal name David, 'be'midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'Ein' means 'spring' (part of a place name), 'Gedi' means 'young goat' (part of a place name). Together 'Ein Gedi' is a place name meaning 'spring of the kid'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name of God is required.
[1SA.24.3] And Saul took three thousand chosen men from all Israel, and he went to seek David, and his men, before the heights of the goats. [§]
vayikach Shaul shloshet alafim ish bachur mikol Yisrael vayelech levakesh et David ve-anashav al-pnei tzurei ha-yeelim.
'vayikach' means 'and he took', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'shloshet' means 'three', 'alafim' means 'thousands', 'ish' means 'man' (singular), 'bachur' means 'chosen' or 'selected', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'levakesh' means 'to seek', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not translated), 'David' is the personal name David, 've-anashav' means 'and his men', 'al-pnei' means 'before' or 'in front of', 'tzurei' means 'the peaks' or 'crags', 'ha-yeelim' means 'the goats' (used idiomatically for rugged high places).
[1SA.24.4] And he went to the sheepfolds on the road, and there was a cave, and Saul came to set his feet, and David and his men were sitting in the chambers of the cave. [§]
va-ya'vo el-gidrot ha-tzon al-haderach ve-sham me'arah va-ya'vo Shaul le-hasekh et-raglav ve-David va-anashav be-yarketei ha-me'arah yoshvim.
'va' means 'and', 'ya'vo' means 'he went', 'el' means 'to', 'gidrot' means 'the folds' or 'sheepfolds', 'ha' means 'the', 'tzon' means 'sheep', 'al' means 'on' or 'along', 'haderach' means 'the road', 've' means 'and', 'sham' means 'there', 'me'arah' means 'a cave', 'va-ya'vo' means 'and he went', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'le-hasekh' means 'to set down' or 'to place', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'raglav' means 'his feet', 've' means 'and', 'David' is the proper name David, 'va-anashav' means 'and his men', 'be-yarketei' means 'in the chambers' or 'in the inner parts', 'ha-me'arah' means 'of the cave', 'yoshvim' means 'were sitting' or 'were sitting down'.
[1SA.24.5] And the men of David said to him, Behold the day that Yahveh has spoken to you; behold, I will give your enemies into your hand and you shall deal with them as is good in your eyes. And David rose and cut off the corner of Saul's mantle. [§]
Vayomru anshei David elav hineh hayom asher amar Yahveh eleicha, hineh anochi noten et oyvecha b'yadecha ve'asita lo ka'asher yitav be'einecha. Vayakam David vayikrot et kenaf ha-me'il asher leShaul ba-lat.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'anshei' means 'the men of', 'David' is the name David, 'elav' means 'to him', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'amar' means 'said', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'eleicha' means 'to you', 'anochi' means 'I', 'noten' means 'will give', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'oyvecha' means 'your enemies', 'b'yadecha' means 'in your hand', 've'asita' means 'and you shall do', 'lo' means 'to him/it', 'ka'asher' means 'as', 'yitav' means 'is good', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'vayakam' means 'and David arose', 'vayikrot' means 'and cut off', 'kenaf' means 'corner', 'ha-me'il' means 'the mantle', 'asher' means 'that', 'leShaul' means 'of Saul', 'ba-lat' means 'in battle' (or 'at the field').
[1SA.24.6] And after this, David's heart was struck because of the wing that was cut for Saul. [§]
Vayehi acharei-ken vayach lev-David oto al asher karat et kanaf asher lshaul.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'acharei-ken' means 'after this', 'vayach' means 'and struck', 'lev-David' means "David's heart", 'oto' means 'him/it', 'al' means 'because of', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'karat' means 'cut', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'kanaf' means 'wing', the second 'asher' means 'that', and 'lshaul' means 'of Saul'.
[1SA.24.7] And he said to his servants, 'I am afraid of Yahveh, if I do this thing for my Lord, the anointed Yahveh, to stretch out my hand against him, because the anointed Yahveh he is.' [§]
vayomer la'anashav chaliyla li meYahveh im e'eseh et-hadavar hazeh la-adoni limshiyach Yahveh lishloach yadi bo ki-mshiyach Yahveh hu
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'la'anashav' means 'to his servants', 'chaliyla' means 'I am afraid', 'li' means 'to me', 'meYahveh' means 'of Yahveh' (YHWH rendered as Yahveh), 'im' means 'if', 'e'eseh' means 'I do', 'et-hadavar' means 'the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'la-adoni' means 'to my Lord' (Adonai rendered as my Lord), 'limshiyach' means 'to the anointed', 'Yahveh' means 'Yahveh', 'lishloach' means 'to stretch out', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'bo' means 'against him', 'ki' means 'because', 'mshiyach' means 'the anointed', 'Yahveh' again 'Yahveh', 'hu' means 'he'. The divine names are translated literally: YHWH as Yahveh, Adonai as my Lord.
[1SA.24.8] And David gathered his men in the matters, and he did not let them arise to Saul, and Saul rose from the cave and went on the way. [§]
Va-yeshas-sa Da-vid et-a-na-sha-v ba-dva-rim ve-lo ne-ta-nam la-ku-m el Sha-ul ve-Shau-l kam me-ha-me-a-ra vay-lech ba-da-rekh.
'Va-yeshas-sa' means 'and he gathered/assembled', 'Da-vid' is the name David, 'et-a-na-sha-v' means 'his men', 'ba-dva-rim' means 'in the matters' or 'with the affairs', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'ne-ta-nam' means 'he let them', 'la-ku-m' means 'to arise', 'el' means 'to', 'Sha-ul' is the name Saul, 've-Shau-l' repeats the name Saul, 'kam' means 'rose', 'me-ha-me-a-ra' means 'from the cave', 'vay-lech' means 'and went', 'ba-da-rekh' means 'in the way'.
[1SA.24.9] And David rose after that, went out from the cave, and called after Saul, saying, "my Lord the king." And Saul looked after him, and David bowed his forehead to the ground and bowed down. [§]
Vayakam David acharay-chen vayetse' men-hame'ara vayikra acharay-Shaul le'emor Adoni ha-melekh vayabet Shaul acharav vayikod David affayim eretzah vayishtachu.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'David' is the personal name David, 'acharay-chen' means 'after that', 'vayetse'' means 'and he went out', 'men-hame'ara' means 'from the cave', 'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'acharay-Shahal' means 'after Saul', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord' (the literal translation of Adonai), 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'vayabet' means 'and he looked', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'acharav' means 'after him', 'vayikod' means 'and he bowed', 'affayim' means 'foreheads', 'eretzah' means 'to the ground', 'vayishtachu' means 'and he bowed down'.
[1SA.24.10] And David said to Saul, Why will you listen to the words of a man, saying, Behold, David is seeking your harm. [§]
Vayomer David leSaul lamah tishma et-divrei adam le'emor hineh David mevakes ra'atekha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the proper name David, 'leSaul' means 'to Saul', 'lamah' means 'why', 'tishma' means 'you will listen', 'et-divrei' means 'the words of', 'adam' means 'a man', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'David' repeats the name, 'mevakes' means 'is seeking', 'ra'atekha' means 'your harm'.
[1SA.24.11] Behold, this day your eyes have seen what Yahveh gave you today in my hand in the cave; he said to kill you, and you clung to yourself, and I said I will not stretch out my hand against my Lord, for the Messiah Yahveh is he. [§]
Hinneh hayyom hazeh rau einekha et asher natankha Yahveh hayyom be yadi ba meara ve amar la hargheka ve tachas alekha va amar lo eshlach yadi ba adoni ki meshiach Yahveh hu
'Hinneh' means 'Behold', 'hayyom' means 'today', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'rau' (ra'ú) means 'they saw', 'einekha' means 'your eyes', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'asher' means 'that which', 'natankha' means 'He gave you', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'be yadi' means 'in my hand', 'ba meara' means 'in the cave', 've amar' means 'and said', 'la hargheka' means 'to kill you', 've tachas alekha' means 'and you clung to yourself', 'va amar' means 'and I said', 'lo eshlach' means 'I will not stretch out', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'ba adoni' means 'against my Lord', 'ki' means 'for', 'meshiach' means 'Messiah', 'hu' means 'he'.
[1SA.24.12] And my father, see also see the wing of your coat in my hand, for I have cut the wing of your coat and I have not killed you; know and see that there is no evil or sin in my hand, and I have not sinned against you, and you defend my soul that you have taken. [§]
ve-abi raeh gam raeh et-kenaf meilcha be-yadi ki bechar ti et-kenaf meilcha ve-lo haragti-kha da u-rea ki ein be-yadi raah va-pesha ve-lo chatati lach ve-atta tzodeh et-naphshi le-kachta
've-abi' means 'and my father', 'raeh' means 'see', 'gam' means 'also', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kenaf' means 'wing', 'meilcha' means 'of your coat', 'be-yadi' means 'in my hand', 'ki' means 'for', 'bechar ti' means 'I have cut', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'haragti-kha' means 'I have killed you', 'da' means 'know', 'u-rea' means 'and see', 'ein' means 'there is no', 'raah' means 'evil', 'va-pesha' means 'and sin', 've-lo chatati' means 'and I have not sinned', 'lach' means 'against you', 've-atta' means 'and you', 'tzodeh' means 'defend', 'et-naphshi' means 'my soul', 'le-kachta' means 'you have taken'.
[1SA.24.13] Yahveh will judge between me and you, and my vengeance Yahveh from you, and my hand will not be in you. [§]
Yishpot Yahveh beyni uveinecha uneqamani Yahveh mimekha veyadi lo tiheye-bach.
'Yishpot' means 'will judge', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'beyni' means 'between me', 'uveinecha' means 'and between you', 'uneqamani' means 'and my vengeance', 'Yahveh' again for the divine name, 'mimekha' means 'from you', 'veyadi' means 'and my hand', 'lo' means 'not', 'tiheye' means 'will be', 'bach' means 'in you'.
[1SA.24.14] As he says, the ancient ruler will arise from the wicked, evil, and my hand will not be upon you. [§]
Ka'asher yomar meshál haqadmoni meroshayim yetze resha ve yadi lo tiheyye bach.
'Ka'asher' means 'as', 'yomar' means 'he says', 'meshál' means 'ruler' or 'one who rules', 'haqadmoni' means 'the ancient one' or 'the former', 'meroshayim' means 'from the wicked', 'yetze' means 'will arise' or 'will go out', 'resha' means 'evil' or 'wickedness', 've' means 'and', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'lo' means 'not', 'tiheyye' means 'will be', 'bach' means 'in you' or 'upon you'.
[1SA.24.15] After who does a king of Israel go out, after who are you pursuing, after a dead dog, after one piece (of bread). [§]
acharei mi yatsa melech Yisrael acharei mi attah rodef acharei kelev met acharei parash echad.
'acharei' means 'after', 'mi' means 'who', 'yatsa' means 'goes out' or 'comes forth', 'melech' means 'king', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'attah' means 'you', 'rodef' means 'pursue' (verb, you pursue), 'kelev' means 'dog', 'met' means 'dead', 'parash' means 'piece (of bread)', 'echad' means 'one'.
[1SA.24.16] And it shall be Yahveh as judge and shall judge between me and you, and will see and will increase my dispute, and will judge me from your hand. [§]
ve-hayah Yahveh le-dayan ve-shafat beyni u-beinecha ve-yere ve-yarev et-rivi ve-yishpeteni mi-yadekha
've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'le-dayan' means 'as a judge', 've-shafat' means 'and shall judge', 'beynI' means 'between me', 'u-beinecha' means 'and between you', 've-yere' means 'and will see', 've-yarev' means 'and will increase', 'et-rivi' means 'my dispute', 've-yishpeteni' means 'and will judge me', 'mi-yadekha' means 'from your hand'.
[1SA.24.17] And it was when David had finished speaking these words to Saul, and Saul said, 'Is this your voice, my son David?' And Saul lifted his voice and wept. [§]
Vayhee ke-khalot David le-dabber et-hadvarim haeleh el-Shaul vayomer Shaul hako'lekha zeh b'ni David vayisa Shaul kolo vayvekh.
'Vayhee' means 'and it was', 'ke-khalot' means 'when ... finished', 'David' is the name David, 'le-dabber' means 'to speak', 'et-hadvarim' means 'the words', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'el-Shaul' means 'to Saul', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'hako'lekha' means 'your voice', 'zeh' means 'this', 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'David' again the name, 'vayisa' means 'and lifted', 'Shaul' the name again, 'kolo' means 'his voice', 'vayvekh' means 'and wept'.
[1SA.24.18] And he said to David, 'You are righteous compared with me, because you have repaid me the good, and I have repaid you the evil.' [§]
Vayomer el-David tzaddik attah mimeni ki attah gemaltani hatova va'ani gemalticha harah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'tzaddik' means 'righteous', 'attah' means 'you', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'ki' means 'because', 'gemaltani' means 'you have repaid me', 'hatova' means 'the good', 'va'ani' means 'and I', 'gemalticha' means 'have repaid you', 'harah' means 'the evil'.
[1SA.24.19] You declared today the good which you have done to me, the thing Yahveh has bound me in your hand and you did not kill me. [§]
Ve'ata higgadta hayom et asher asita iti tovah et asher sig'rani Yahveh be yadecha velo harag'tani.
'Ve'ata' means 'you (masc.)', 'higgadta' means 'declared', 'hayom' means 'today', 'et' is the direct object marker (often left untranslated), 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asita' means 'you did', 'iti' means 'to me', 'tovah' means 'good', the second 'et' is another object marker, 'sig'rani' means 'you have bound me', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'be yadecha' means 'in your hand', 'velo' means 'and not', 'harag'tani' means 'you killed me'.
[1SA.24.20] And if a man finds his enemy and sends him in a good way, may Yahveh repay you well on this day which you have done for me. [§]
veki yimtza ish et-oyvo veshilcho bederekh tovah vayahveh yeshallemkha tovah tachat hayom hazeh asher asita li.
'veki' means 'and if', 'yimtza' means 'finds', 'ish' means 'a man', 'et-oyvo' means 'his enemy', 'veshilcho' means 'and sends him', 'bederekh' means 'in the way', 'tovah' means 'good', 'vayahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'yeshallemkha' means 'will repay you', 'tovah' again means 'well/good', 'tachat' means 'under', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asher' means 'which', 'asita' means 'you have done', 'li' means 'to me'. The name YHWH is rendered as Yahveh according to the given rule.
[1SA.24.21] And now, behold, I know that a king you will reign, and the kingdom of Israel has risen in your hand. [§]
veatah hineh yadati ki maloch timlokh veqamah beyadkha mamlechet Yisrael.
'veatah' means 'and now', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'yadati' means 'I know' (or 'I have known'), 'ki' means 'that', 'maloch' means 'king', 'timlokh' means 'you will reign', 'veqamah' means 'and (it) arose/has risen', 'beyadkha' means 'in your hand', 'mamlechet' means 'kingdom' (or 'reign'), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[1SA.24.22] Now I have sworn in Yahveh, if you cut off my seed after me, and if you destroy my name from my father's house. [§]
ve'atah hishava li baYahveh im takrit et zargi acharai ve'im tashmid et shmi mi-beit avi.
've'atah' means 'now', 'hishava' means 'I have sworn', 'li' means 'to me', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh', 'im' means 'if', 'takrit' means 'you cut off', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'zargi' means 'my seed', 'acharai' means 'after me', 've'im' means 'and if', 'tashmid' means 'you destroy', 'shmi' means 'my name', 'mi-beit' means 'from the house of', 'avi' means 'my father'.
[1SA.24.23] And David promised Saul, and Saul went to his house, and David and his men went up to the stronghold. [§]
Vayishava David leShaul vayelech Shaul el-beitoh v'David ve'anashav al-hametsudah.
'Vayishava' means 'and David promised', 'David' is the name David, 'leShaul' means 'to Saul', 'vayelech' means 'and he went', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'el-beitoh' means 'to his house', 'v'David' means 'and David', 've'anashav' means 'and his men', 'al-hametsudah' means 'to the stronghold' (a fortified place or watchtower).
1SA.25
[1SA.25.1] And Samuel died, and all Israel gathered and mourned for him, and they buried him in his house at Ramah, and David rose and went down to the wilderness of Paran. [§]
Vayamat Shmuel vayikavetsu kol Yisrael vayispedu lo vayikberu hu beveito Baramah vayakam David vayered el Midbar Paran S.
'Vayamat' means 'and (he) died', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'vayikavetsu' means 'and (they) gathered', 'kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayispedu' means 'and (they) mourned', 'lo' means 'for him', 'vayikberu' means 'and (they) buried', 'hu' means 'him', 'beveito' means 'in his house', 'Baramah' means 'in Ramah', 'vayakam' means 'and (he) rose', 'David' is the name David, 'vayered' means 'and (he) went down', 'el' means 'to', 'Midbar' means 'the wilderness', 'Paran' is the name Paran, and 'S' is a scribal note marking the end of the verse.
[1SA.25.2] And a man in Maon, and his work was in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had a flock of three thousand and a thousand goats; and it happened that he was cutting his flock in Carmel. [§]
ve'ish bemaon u'ma'asehu bakarmel veha'ish gadol meod velo tzon shloshet alafim ve'elef izzim vayhi bigazoz et tzon o bakarmel.
've'ish' means 'and a man', 'bemaon' means 'in Maon' (a place name), 'u'ma'asehu' means 'and his work', 'bakarmel' means 'in Carmel' (another place name), 'veha'ish' means 'and the man', 'gadol' means 'great', 'meod' means 'very', 'velo' means 'and he had', 'tzon' means 'flock', 'shloshet alafim' means 'three thousand', 've'elef' means 'and a thousand', 'izzim' means 'goats', 'vayhi' means 'and it happened', 'bigazoz' means 'when he was shearing/cutting', 'et tzon' means 'his flock', 'o' is a conjunction meaning 'in', and 'bakarmel' repeats 'in Carmel'.
[1SA.25.3] And the name of the man is Foolish and the name of his wife is Avigayil, and the woman is good in wisdom and beautiful in appearance, and the man is harsh and evil in deeds, and he is a dog. [§]
V'shem ha'ish naval v'shem ishto avigayil v'ha'isha tovot sechel vi'afat to'ar v'ha'ish kasheh v'ra ma'alalim v'hu kalivi.
'V'shem' means 'and the name', 'ha'ish' means 'the man', 'naval' means 'foolish' or 'senseless', 'v'shem' means 'and the name', 'ishto' means 'of his wife', 'avigayil' is a proper name meaning 'my father is joy', 'v'ha'isha' means 'and the woman', 'tovot' means 'good' (feminine plural), 'sechel' means 'wisdom', 'vi'afat' means 'and beautiful', 'to'ar' means 'appearance' or 'splendor', 'v'ha'ish' means 'and the man', 'kasheh' means 'hard' or 'harsh', 'v'ra' means 'and evil', 'ma'alalim' means 'deeds' or 'actions', 'v'hu' means 'and he', 'kalivi' means 'dog' (literally 'like a dog' or 'a dog').
[1SA.25.4] And David heard in the desert that a fool was cutting his flock. [§]
Vayishma David bamidbar ki-gozez naval et-tzonoh.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'David' is the name David, 'bamidbar' means 'in the desert', 'ki' means 'because' or 'that', 'gozez' means 'was cutting' or 'was slaying', 'naval' means 'a fool', 'et' is an accusative marker introducing the object, 'tzono' means 'his flock'.
[1SA.25.5] And David sent ten young men and David said to the young men, Go up to Carmel and go to Nabal and ask him in my name for peace. [§]
Vayishlach David asara na'arim vayomer David lanna'arim aloo karmela uva'tem el Nabal v'she'eltam lo bishmi leshalom.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'David' is the proper name David, 'asara' means 'ten', 'na'arim' means 'young men' or 'servants', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lanna'arim' means 'to the young men', 'aloo' means 'go up', 'karmela' is the place name Carmel, 'uva'tem' means 'and you will go/come', 'el' means 'to' (here part of the phrase 'to Nabal'), 'Nabal' is a proper name, 'v'she'eltam' means 'and you shall ask him', 'lo' means 'to him', 'bishmi' means 'in my name', 'leshalom' means 'for peace'.
[1SA.25.6] And you shall say thus to you: you peace, and your house peace, and all that is yours peace. [§]
vaamartem ko lechay veatah shalom uveitecha shalom vechol asher lekha shalom.
'vaamartem' means 'and you said', 'ko' means 'thus' or 'this way', 'lechay' means 'to you', 'veatah' means 'and you', 'shalom' means 'peace', 'uveitecha' means 'and your house', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'asher' means 'that which' or 'who', 'lekha' means 'to you' or 'yours', the final 'shalom' repeats 'peace'.
[1SA.25.7] Now I have heard because they are cutting for you; now the shepherds who are yours were with us, they were not concealed and no doom was appointed to them for all the days of their being in the vineyards. [§]
ve'atah shama'ti ki goz'zim lach atta ha'ro'im asher lecha hayu imanu lo heklamnum velo nifkad lahem me'umah kol-yemei heyotam bakarmel
've'atah' means 'now', 'shama'ti' means 'I have heard', 'ki' means 'because', 'goz'zim' means 'they are cutting', 'lach' means 'to you', 'atta' means 'now', 'ha'ro'im' means 'the shepherds', 'asher lecha' means 'who are yours', 'hayu' means 'were', 'imanu' means 'with us', 'lo' means 'not', 'heklamnum' means 'they were concealed', 'velo' means 'and not', 'nifkad' means 'appointed', 'lahem' means 'to them', 'me'umah' means 'a doom', 'kol-yemei' means 'all days of', 'heyotam' means 'their being', 'bakarmel' means 'in the vineyards'.
[1SA.25.8] Ask your servants and they will tell you, and the youths will find favor in your eyes, because on a good day we have built; please give that which your hand finds for your servants and for your son for David. [§]
Sheal et-nearecha ve-yagidu lecha ve-yimtzeu ha-nearim chein be-einecha ki al-yom tov banu tena na et asher timtza yadecha laavadecha ulevinecha leDavid.
'Sheal' means 'ask', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'nearecha' means 'your servants', 've' is 'and', 'yagidu' means 'they will tell', 'lecha' means 'to you', 've' again 'and', 'yimtzeu' means 'they will find', 'ha-nearim' means 'the youths/young men', 'chein' means 'favor', 'be-einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'ki' means 'because', 'al-yom' means 'on a good day', 'tov' means 'good', 'banu' means 'we built', 'tena' means 'give', 'na' is a pleading particle 'please', 'et' again accusative, 'asher' means 'that which', 'timtza' means 'your hand finds', 'yadecha' means 'your hand', 'laavadecha' means 'to your servants', 'ulevinecha' means 'and to your son', 'leDavid' means 'for David'.
[1SA.25.9] And the young men of David came and spoke to Nabal about all these matters in the name of David, and they rested. [§]
Vayavohu naarei David vayedabru el Nabal kechol hadvarim haeleh beshem David vayanu'chu.
'Vayavohu' means 'and they came', 'naarei' means 'young men of', 'David' is the name David, 'vayedabru' means 'and they spoke', 'el' means 'to', 'Nabal' is the name Nabal, 'kechol' means 'as to all', 'hadvarim' means 'the matters', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'beshem' means 'in the name of', 'David' again the name, 'vayanu'chu' means 'and they rested'.
[1SA.25.10] And Nabal answered the servants of David and said, Who is David and who is the son of Jesse? Today there are many servants who are scattering, each before my Lord. [§]
Vayyan Nabal et avdey David vayomer mi David u-mi ben Yishai hayom rabbu avadim hamitpar'tzim ish mipnei adonav.
'Vayyan' means 'and answered', 'Nabal' is the name Nabal, 'et' is a marker for the direct object, 'avdey' means 'servants of', 'David' is the name David, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'mi' means 'who', 'David' again the name, 'u-mi' means 'and who', 'ben' means 'son', 'Yishai' is the name Jesse, 'hayom' means 'today', 'rabbu' means 'are many', 'avadim' means 'servants', 'hamitpar'tzim' means 'who are scattering/being scattered', 'ish' means 'each', 'mipnei' means 'before' or 'because of', and 'adonav' is the possessive form of Adonai, which is rendered literally as 'my Lord' according to the translation rule for the divine name.
[1SA.25.11] And I took my bread and my water and my sacrifice which I had slaughtered for my cutters and I gave it to the men who I did not know from where they are. [§]
Ve-lakachti et-lachmi ve-et-meimai ve-et tivchati asher tavachti legozzi ve-natati la-anashim asher lo yada'ti ey mizze hemmah.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lakachti' means 'I took', 'et-lachmi' means 'my bread', 've-et-meimai' means 'and my water', 've-et' means 'and', 'tivchati' means 'my sacrifice', 'asher' means 'which', 'tavachti' means 'I slaughtered', 'legodzi' means 'for my cutters', 've-natati' means 'and I gave', 'la-anashim' means 'to the men', 'asher' means 'who', 'lo' means 'not', 'yada'ti' means 'I knew', 'ey' means 'from where', 'mizze' means 'from', 'hemmah' means 'they are'.
[1SA.25.12] And the youths of David turned from their ways, and they returned and came, and reported to him all these things. [§]
Vayhahpchu naarei David le-darkam vayashuvu vayavohu vayaggidu lo kechol ha dvarim ha-elle.
'Vayhahpchu' means 'and they turned', 'naarei' means 'the youths', 'David' means the name David, 'le-darkam' means 'their ways', 'vayashuvu' means 'and they returned', 'vayavohu' means 'and they came', 'vayaggidu' means 'and they reported', 'lo' means 'to him', 'kechol' means 'all', 'ha dvarim' means 'the things', 'ha-elle' means 'these'.
[1SA.25.13] And David said to his men, 'Each man, take your sword,' and each man took his sword, and David also girded his sword, and they rose up after David, four hundred men, and two hundred sat upon the weapons. [§]
Vayomer David la'anashav chigru ish et-charbo vayachgeru ish et-charbo vayachgor gam-David et-charbo vayalu acharai David ke'arba me'ot ish u'matayim yashvu al-hakelim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the personal name David, 'la'anashav' means 'to his men', 'chigru' means 'gird' (imperative plural), 'ish' means 'each man', 'et-charbo' means 'his sword' (direct object marker et plus charbo), 'vayachgeru' means 'and they girded', 'vayachgor' means 'and he also girded', 'gam' means 'also', 'vayalu' means 'and they rose up', 'acharei' means 'after', 'David' repeats the name, 'ke'arba' means 'four', 'me'ot' means 'hundred', 'ish' means 'men', 'u'matayim' means 'and two hundred', 'yashvu' means 'they sat', 'al' means 'upon', 'hakelim' means 'the weapons' (plural).
[1SA.25.14] And to Abigail, wife of Nabal, one of the youths reported, 'Behold, David sent messengers from the wilderness to bless our Lord, and he reduced them.' [§]
Ve-laAvigail eshet Nabal higgid na'ar echad meha-ne'arim le'emor hineh shalach David malachim meha-midbar levarech et- Adoneinu vayaat bahem.
'Ve' means 'and', 'laAvigail' means 'to Abigail', 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Nabal' is a proper name, 'higgid' means 'told', 'na'ar' means 'a young man', 'echad' means 'one', 'meha-ne'arim' means 'of the youths', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'shalach' means 'sent', 'David' is a proper name, 'malachim' means 'messengers', 'meha-midbar' means 'from the wilderness', 'levarech' means 'to bless', 'et- Adoneinu' means 'our Lord' (Adonai translated as "my Lord" but here possessive plural becomes "our Lord"), 'vayaat' means 'and he reduced', 'bahem' means 'them'.
[1SA.25.15] And the men are very good to us, and we have not spoken, and we have not appointed a disaster; all the days we walked with them while we were in the field. [§]
veha'anashim tovim lanu me'od velo hakhlamnu velo-pakadnu me'umah kol-yemei hithalkenu itam bihyoteinu ba-sadeh.
'veha'anashim' means 'and the men', 'tovim' means 'good' (plural), 'lanu' means 'to us', 'me'od' means 'very', 'velo' means 'and not', 'hakhlamnu' means 'we have spoken' (negated, so 'we have not spoken'), 'velo-pakadnu' means 'and we have appointed' (negated, so 'we have not appointed'), 'me'umah' means 'a disaster' or 'calamity', 'kol-yemei' means 'all the days', 'hithalkenu' means 'we have walked', 'itam' means 'with them', 'bihyoteinu' means 'being' or 'while we were', 'ba-sadeh' means 'in the field'.
[1SA.25.16] Walls were upon us both night and day all the days of our being with them the shepherds of the flock. [§]
chomah hayu alenu gam-layla gam-yom kol-yemei heyeoteinu imam ro'im ha-tzon.
'chomah' means 'wall' or 'rampart', 'hayu' means 'were' or 'became', 'alenu' means 'upon us', 'gam-layla' means 'also night' (both night), 'gam-yom' means 'also day' (both day), 'kol-yemei' means 'all the days of', 'heyeoteinu' means 'our existence' or 'our being', 'imam' means 'with them', 'ro'im' means 'shepherds', 'ha-tzon' means 'the flock'.
[1SA.25.17] Now know and see what you will do, for the evil has come upon my Lord and upon all his house, and he is the son of Belial who speaks to him. [§]
ve'atah de'i ur'i mah-ta'asi ki-kalta ha-ra'ah el-adoneinu ve'al kol-beito ve'hu ben-bleya'al midabber elav.
've'atah' means 'and now', 'de'i' means 'know' (feminine imperative), 'ur'i' means 'see' (feminine imperative), 'mah-ta'asi' means 'what will you do', 'ki-kalta' means 'for because you have completed' (idiomatically 'for'), 'ha-ra'ah' means 'the evil', 'el-adoneinu' means 'upon my Lord' (Adonai rendered as 'my Lord'), 've'al' means 'and upon', 'kol-beito' means 'all his house', 've'hu' means 'and he', 'ben-bleya'al' means 'son of Belial', 'midabber' means 'who speaks', 'elav' means 'to him'. The divine name Adonai is translated literally as "my Lord" as instructed.
[1SA.25.18] And Abigail hurried and took two hundred loaves of bread, two measures of wine, five young goats, five light donkeys, a hundred clusters of figs, two hundred pairs, and she placed them on the donkeys. [§]
vatemaher Avigail vatikach meatai lechem ushnayim nivlei-yayin vechamesh tzon asuot vechamesh seim kali umeah tzimmukim umeatai dveilim vatasem al hachamorim.
'vatemaher' means 'and she hurried', 'Avigail' is the personal name Abigail, 'vatikach' means 'and she took', 'meatai' means 'two hundred', 'lechem' means 'loaves of bread', 'ushnayim' means 'two', 'nivlei-yayin' means 'measures of wine', 'vechamesh' means 'and five', 'tzon' means 'young goats', 'asuot' means 'young goats' (plural form), 'vechamesh' again means 'and five', 'seim' means 'light donkeys', 'kali' means 'light', 'umeah' means 'and a hundred', 'tzimmukim' means 'clusters of figs', 'umeatai' means 'and two hundred', 'dveilim' means 'pairs', 'vatasem' means 'and she placed', 'al' means 'on', 'hachamorim' means 'the donkeys'.
[1SA.25.19] And she said to her maidservants, "Go ahead of me; behold, I am coming after you; and she did not tell her foolish husband." [§]
Vato'amer lin'areiha ivru lefanai hineni akhareikhem ba'ah ulei'shah naval lo higida.
'Vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'lin'areiha' means 'to her maidservants', 'ivru' means 'go across' or 'pass', 'lefanai' means 'before me', 'hineni' means 'behold, I am', 'akhareikhem' means 'after you (plural)', 'ba'ah' means 'came' or 'I am coming', 'ulei'shah' means 'to her husband', 'naval' means 'fool', 'lo' means 'not', 'higida' means 'she told' or 'she reported'.
[1SA.25.20] And it shall be that she rides on a donkey and goes down in secret on the mountain, and behold David and his men go down to meet her, and she meets them. [§]
ve-hayah hi rochevet al ha-chamor ve-yoredet be-seter ha-har ve-hineh David ve-anashav yordim liqratah ve-tifgoshet otam.
've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'hi' means 'she', 'rochevet' means 'riding', 'al' means 'on', 'ha-chamor' means 'the donkey', 've-yoredet' means 'and going down', 'be-seter' means 'in secret', 'ha-har' means 'the mountain', 've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'David' is the personal name, 've-anashav' means 'and his men', 'yordim' means 'going down', 'liqratah' means 'to meet her', 've-tifgoshet' means 'and she meets', 'otam' means 'them'.
[1SA.25.21] And David said, 'Only for falsehood have I guarded everything that belongs to this in the desert, and it was not decreed from all that is not certain, and evil has been placed for me beneath good.' [§]
VeDavid amar akh lasheker shamariti et kol asher lazeh bamidbar velo nifkad mikol asher lo meuma vayashav li raah tachat tovah.
'VeDavid' means 'and David', 'amar' means 'said', 'akh' means 'only', 'lasheker' means 'for falsehood', 'shamariti' means 'I have kept/guarded', 'et' is a particle marking the direct object, 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'lazeh' means 'for this', 'bamidbar' means 'in the desert', 'velo' means 'and not', 'nifkad' means 'was appointed/decreed', 'mikol' means 'from all', 'asher lo' means 'that is not', 'meuma' means 'certain' or 'definite', 'vayashav' means 'and placed/settled', 'li' means 'for me', 'raah' means 'evil', 'tachat' means 'under/beneath', 'tovah' means 'good'. No divine name appears in this verse.
[1SA.25.22] Thus the Gods will act against the enemies of David, and also will add if I leave from all that is his until morning I will linger in the wall. [§]
Koh-ya'aseh elohim le'oy'vei David ve'koh yosif im-ashair mikol-asher-lo ad-haboker mash'tin beqir.
'Koh' means 'thus' or 'so'. 'Ya'aseh' means 'he will do' or 'will make'. 'Elohim' means 'the Gods'. 'Le'oy'vei' means 'to the enemies of'. 'David' is a proper name. 'Ve'koh' means 'and thus' or 'and also'. 'Yosif' means 'will add' or 'will increase'. 'Im' means 'if'. 'Ashair' means 'I will leave' or 'I will spare'. 'Mikol-asher' means 'from all that'. 'Lo' means 'belonging to him' or 'his'. 'Ad' means 'until'. 'Haboker' means 'the morning'. 'Mash'tin' means 'will stay' or 'will linger'. 'Beqir' means 'in the wall' or 'by the wall'.
[1SA.25.23] And Abigail saw David, and she hurried, and she went down from the donkey, and she fell at David's feet before him, and she bowed to the ground. [§]
Vatereh Avigail et David vatemaher vatered me'al hachamor vati'pol le'afei David al paneha vatishtachu aretz.
'Vatereh' means 'and she saw', 'Avigail' is the name Abigail, 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'David' is the name David, 'Vatemaher' means 'and she hurried', 'Vatered' means 'and she went down', 'me'al' means 'from', 'hachamor' means 'the donkey', 'Vati'pol' means 'and she fell', 'le'afei' means 'at the feet of', 'David' again the name David, 'al' means 'before', 'paneha' means 'him (his face)', 'Vatishtachu' means 'and she bowed', 'aretz' means 'the ground'.
[1SA.25.24] And she fell at his feet and said, "By me I am my Lord the sin; please speak your truth in your ears and hear the words of your truth." [§]
Vatippol al raglav vatoamer bi-ani adoni he'awon utedaber-na amatekha be'aznecha ushema et divrei amatekha.
'Vatippol' means 'and she fell', 'al raglav' means 'at his feet', 'vatoamer' means 'and she said', 'bi-ani' means 'by me' (literally 'in me'), 'adoni' is the name of God translated as 'my Lord', 'he'awon' means 'the sin' or 'the guilt', 'utedaber-na' means 'please speak', 'amatekha' means 'your truth', 'be'aznecha' means 'in your ears', 'ushema' means 'and hear', 'et' is the object marker, 'divrei' means 'the words of', and the final 'amatekha' again means 'your truth'.
[1SA.25.25] Please, my Lord, set your heart toward this worthless man, for he is foolish, because as his name says, he is a fool; his name is folly and folly is with him, and I, your servant, have not seen the young men of my Lord that you sent. [§]
Al-na yasim my Lord et-livo el-ish ha-b'liya'al hazeh al-naval ki kishmo ken-hu naval shemo u-nevalah imo va-ani amatekha lo ra'iti et-na'arei my Lord asher shalachta.
'Al-na' means 'please' or 'do not', 'yasim' means 'will set', 'my Lord' is the literal translation of the Hebrew name Adonai, 'et-livo' means 'his heart', 'el' means 'toward', 'ish' means 'man', 'ha-b'liya'al' means 'the worthless' or 'the scoundrel', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'al-naval' means 'foolish', 'ki' means 'for', 'kishmo' means 'as his name', 'ken-hu' means 'so he is', 'naval' means 'a fool', 'shem o' means 'his name', 'u-nevalah' means 'and folly', 'imo' means 'with him', 'va-ani' means 'and I', 'amatekha' means 'your servant', 'lo' means 'not', 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'et-na'arei' means 'the youths' or 'young men', 'my Lord' again for Adonai, 'asher' means 'that', 'shalachta' means 'you sent'.
[1SA.25.26] Now my Lord lives Yahveh, and the life of your soul—what Yahveh has withheld from you because of the shedding of blood—let Him raise your hand to you. And now they will be as a harp of your enemies, and those who seek evil against my Lord. [§]
Ve'attah Adoni chai Yahveh vechei nafshkha asher menan'kha Yahveh mibbo damim vehoshea yadkha lakh ve'attah yihyu k'naval oyveikha veha'mvakeshim el-Adoni ra'ah.
'Ve'attah' means 'now', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'chai' means 'lives', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 'vechei' means 'and the life', 'nafshkha' means 'of your soul', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'menan'kha' means 'has withheld from you', 'Yahveh' again the name of God, 'mibbo damim' means 'by the shedding of blood', 'vehoshea' means 'and He will raise', 'yadkha' means 'your hand', 'lakh' means 'to you', 've'attah' means 'and now', 'yihyu' means 'they will be', 'k'naval' means 'as a harp/string', 'oyveikha' means 'of your enemies', 'veha'mvakeshim' means 'and those who seek', 'el-Adoni' means 'against my Lord', 'ra'ah' means 'evil'.
[1SA.25.27] Now this blessing which your maidservant has brought to my Lord, and it will be given to the young men who walk at my Lord's feet. [§]
ve'atah hab'rakha hazot asher-hevi sifchatecha la'adoni ve'nitna la'na'arim ha-mithalekhim be'raglei adoni.
've'atah' means 'now', 'hab'rakha' means 'the blessing', 'hazot' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'hevi' means 'brought', 'sifchatecha' means 'your maidservant', 'la'adoni' means 'to my Lord' (Adonai = my Lord), 've'nitna' means 'and it will be given', 'la'na'arim' means 'to the young men', 'ha-mithalekhim' means 'who walk/go about', 'be'raglei' means 'in the feet of', 'adoni' again means 'my Lord'.
[1SA.25.28] Please raise for transgression your falsehood, because whatever Yahveh does will be done to my Lord, a faithful house, because Yahveh the Lord fought wars, and evil will not be found in you from your days. [§]
Saa na lepesha amatekha ki asah-ya'aseh Yahveh la'Adoni bayit ne'eman ki-milchamot Yahveh Adoni nilcham ve'ra'ah lo timtzeh becha miyamekha.
'Saa' means 'lift up' or 'raise', 'na' means 'please', 'lepesha' means 'for transgression', 'amatekha' means 'your falsehood', 'ki' means 'because', 'asah-ya'aseh' means 'what is done will be done', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'la'Adoni' means 'to my Lord' (Adonai => my Lord), 'bayit' means 'house', 'ne'eman' means 'faithful', 'ki-milchamot' means 'because wars', the second 'Yahveh' again means Yahveh, 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'nilcham' means 'he fought', 've'ra'ah' means 'and evil', 'lo' means 'not', 'timtzeh' means 'you will find' (future negative), 'becha' means 'in you', 'miyamekha' means 'from your days'.
[1SA.25.29] And a man rose to chase you and to seek your soul, and it shall be a soul, my Lord, bound in the cage of life, Yahveh your God, and the soul of your enemies shall be torn out within the palm of the sling. [§]
Va-yakam adam li-rdafecha u-le-vaqesh et nafsecha ve-hayetah nefesh adoni tzerurah bi-tzror ha-chayyim et Yahveh Elohecha ve-et nefesh oyveicha yekalle'henah be-tokh kaf ha-qala.
'Va-yakam' means 'and he rose', 'adam' means 'man', 'li-rdafecha' means 'to chase you', 'u-le-vaqesh' means 'and to seek', 'et nafsecha' means 'your soul', 've-hayetah' means 'and it shall be', 'nefesh' means 'soul', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'tzerurah' means 'bound', 'bi-tzror' means 'in a cage', 'ha-chayyim' means 'of life', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'Elohecha' means 'your God', 've-et' means 'and the', 'oyveicha' means 'your enemies', 'yekalle'henah' means 'shall tear it out', 'be-tokh' means 'within', 'kaf' means 'palm', 'ha-qala' means 'the sling'.
[1SA.25.30] And it shall be when Yahveh does to my Lord just as all that was spoken concerning the good upon you, and He will command you to a ruler over Israel. [§]
ve-hayah ki ya'aseh Yahveh la'adoni kechol asher diber et hatova alaykha ve-tzivkha le-nagid al Yisrael.
've-hayah' means 'and it shall be', 'ki' means 'when' or 'because', 'ya'aseh' means 'will do', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'la'adoni' means 'to my Lord' (Adonai = my Lord), 'kechol' means 'as all' or 'just as', 'asher' means 'that', 'diber' means 'spoke', 'et' is the accusative particle, 'hatova' means 'the good' (feminine), 'alaykha' means 'upon you', 've-tzivkha' means 'and will command you', 'le-nagid' means 'to a ruler' or 'to a prince', 'al' means 'over', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel'.
[1SA.25.31] And you shall not be this for you a stumbling and an obstacle to the heart of my Lord, and to pour blood in vain, and to save my Lord for him, and Yahveh will be good to my Lord, and you will remember your truth. [§]
Ve lo tiheyeh zot lecha lefuqa ulemikshol lev laAdoni veLishfakh-dam chinam uLehoshia Adoni lo veheitav Yahveh laAdoni vezakarta et-amatkha.
'Ve' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'tiheyeh' means 'you shall be', 'zot' means 'this', 'lecha' means 'for you', 'lefuqa' means 'a stumbling', 'ulemikshol' means 'and an obstacle', 'lev' means 'heart', 'laAdoni' means 'to my Lord' (Adonai translated as 'my Lord'), 'veLishfakh-dam' means 'and to pour blood', 'chinam' means 'in vain', 'uLehoshia' means 'and to save', 'Adoni' again 'my Lord', 'lo' means 'for him/it', 'veheitav' means 'and (He) will be good', 'Yahveh' is the translation of YHVH, 'laAdoni' again 'to my Lord', 'vezakarta' means 'and you will remember', 'et-amatkha' means 'your truth' (literal of 'your faithfulness/faith'). The divine name 'Adoni' is rendered as 'my Lord' per the given rule, and 'Yahveh' is used for YHVH.
[1SA.25.32] And David said to Abigail, Blessed be Yahveh God of Israel, who sent you this day to meet me. [§]
Vayomer David la-Abigal Baruch Yahveh Elohei Yisrael Asher shilachcha hayom hazeh liqrati.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'la-Abigal' means 'to Abigail', 'Baruch' means 'Blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'God of' (the word Elohim rendered as 'the Gods' but in construct form it denotes singular 'God'), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'Asher' means 'who', 'shilachcha' means 'sent you', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'liqrati' means 'to meet me'.
[1SA.25.33] And blessed is your taste, and blessed are you who have finished me this day from the coming with blood, and will save my hand to me. [§]
uvaruch taamekh uvrucha at asher kelitni hayom hazeh mibo bedamim vehoshea yadi li.
'uvaruch' means 'and blessed', 'taamekh' means 'your taste', 'uvrucha' means 'and blessed (feminine)', 'at' means 'you', 'asher' means 'who' or 'which', 'kelitni' means 'has finished me' or 'has completed me', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'mibo' means 'from the coming' or 'from the entrance', 'bedamim' means 'with blood', 'veh' means 'and', 'hoshea' means 'will save' or 'will rescue', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special name translation is required.
[1SA.25.34] But indeed, the living Yahveh, the Gods of Israel, who has restrained me from evil, you, because if not hastening and I have come to my meeting, if something remains for the prophet until the light of morning, I will drink at the wall. [§]
Veulam chai Yahveh Elohei Yisrael asher menaani mehara otach ki lulei mihart vataavoti liqraati ki im notar lenaval ad or haboker mashitin bekir.
'Veulam' means 'but indeed', 'chai' means 'living', 'Yahveh' is the transliteration of YHVH, 'Elohei' means 'the Gods' (plural of Elohim), 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'who', 'menaani' means 'has restrained me', 'mehara' means 'from evil', 'otach' means 'you (feminine object)', 'ki' means 'because', 'lulei' means 'if not', 'mihart' means 'hastening' (from the root meaning to hurry), 'vataavoti' means 'and I have come', 'liqraati' means 'to my meeting', 'im' means 'if', 'notar' means 'remains', 'lenaval' means 'for the prophet', 'ad' means 'until', 'or' means 'light', 'haboker' means 'the morning', 'mashitin' means 'I will drink', 'bekir' means 'at the wall'.
[1SA.25.35] And David took from her hand what she had brought for him, and he said to her, 'Come up in peace to your house; see, I have heard your voice and I will lift up your face.' [§]
vayikach David miyadah et asher-hevi'ah lo vela amar al-i leshalom leveitech rei shama'ti bekolach va'esa panayich.
'vayikach' means 'and took', 'David' is the personal name David, 'miyadah' means 'from her hand', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'asher-hevi'ah' means 'that she brought', 'lo' means 'to him', 'vela' means 'and to her', 'amar' means 'he said', 'al-i' means 'come up', 'leshalom' means 'in peace', 'leveitech' means 'to your house', 'rei' means 'see' (imperative feminine), 'shama'ti' means 'I have heard', 'bekolach' means 'in your voice', 'va'esa' means 'and I will lift', 'panayich' means 'your face'.
[1SA.25.36] And Abigail came to Nabal, and behold, he had a feast in his house like a feast of the king, and Nabal's heart was good toward him, and he was very drunk, and she did not tell him a small or great matter until the morning light. [§]
vatavo avigail el-naval vehineh-lo miste beveito kemoshte ha-melekh velev naval tov alav vehu shikor ad-meod ve-lo higida lo dabar katan vegadol ad-or haboker.
'vatavo' means 'and she came', 'avagail' means 'Abigail', 'el-naval' means 'to Nabal', 'vehineh-lo' means 'and behold, to him', 'miste' means 'a feast', 'beveito' means 'in his house', 'kemoshte' means 'like a feast', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'velev' means 'and heart', 'naval' means 'Nabal', 'tov' means 'good', 'alav' means 'toward him', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'shikor' means 'drunk', 'ad-meod' means 'very much', 've-lo' means 'and not', 'higida' means 'she told', 'lo' means 'to him', 'dabar' means 'matter', 'katan' means 'small', 'vegadoл' means 'and great', 'ad-or' means 'until light', 'haboker' means 'of the morning'.
[1SA.25.37] It happened in the morning when the wine went out of the goblet, and his wife told him these things, and his heart died within him, and he became a stone. [§]
Vayehi baboker betzet hayayin minnabal vateged-lo ishto et-hadvarim haele vayamat libo bekirbo vehu hayah leaven.
'Vayehi' means 'it happened', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'betzet' means 'when going out', 'hayayin' means 'the wine', 'minnabal' means 'from the goblet', 'vateged-lo' means 'and his wife told him', 'ishto' means 'his wife', 'et-hadvarim' means 'the things', 'haele' means 'these', 'vayamat' means 'and his heart died', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'bekirbo' means 'within him', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'hayah' means 'was/ became', 'leaven' means 'a stone'. No divine names appear in this verse, so no special translation rules for names are applied.
[1SA.25.38] And after ten days, Yahveh struck Naboth, and he died. [§]
Vayehi ka'aseret hayamim vayigof Yahveh et-Nabal vayamat.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'ka'aseret' means 'after ten' (literally 'as ten'), 'hayamim' means 'the days', 'vayigof' means 'and struck', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Nabal' is the proper name, 'vayamat' means 'and he died'.
[1SA.25.39] And David heard that the fool had died, and he said, Blessed Yahveh who has turned back the reproach of my humiliation from the hand of the fool, and has rescued his servant from trouble, and has returned the fool’s evil upon his own head; and David sent and spoke to Abigail to take her for him as a wife. [§]
Vayishma David ki met nabal vayomer Baruch Yahveh asher rav et-riv cherpati miyad nabal ve'et avdo chasach meraha ve'et raat nabal heshiv Yahveh be'rosho vayishlach David vayedaber ba'avigal lekachta lo leisha.
'Vayishma' means 'and he heard', 'David' is the name David, 'ki' means 'that', 'met' means 'died', 'nabal' means 'the fool', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Baruch' means 'blessed', 'Yahveh' is the literal name of God, 'asher' means 'who', 'rav' means 'has turned back', 'et-riv' means 'the reproach', 'cherpati' means 'of my humiliation', 'miyad' means 'from the hand of', 'nabal' again 'the fool', 've'et' means 'and', 'avdo' means 'his servant', 'chasach' means 'has rescued', 'meraha' means 'from trouble', 've'et' again 'and', 'raat' means 'evil', 'nabal' again 'the fool', 'heshiv' means 'has returned', 'Yahveh' again, 'be'rosho' means 'upon his head', 'vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'David' again, 'vayedaber' means 'and spoke', 'ba'avigal' means 'to Abigail', 'lekachta' means 'to take', 'lo' means 'for him', 'leisha' means 'as a wife'.
[1SA.25.40] And the servants of David came to Abigail the Carmelite and they spoke to her, saying, David has sent us to you to take you for his wife. [§]
Vayyavou avdei David el-Avigail haKarmela vaydabberu eleha leemor David shelachanu elayich lekachtekh lo leisha.
'Vayyavou' means 'And they came', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'David' is the name, 'el-Avigail' means 'to Abigail', 'haKarmela' means 'the Carmelite' (a woman from the region of Carmel), 'vaydabberu' means 'and they spoke', 'eleha' means 'to her', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'David' is the name, 'shelachanu' means 'has sent us', 'elayich' means 'to you', 'lekachtekh' means 'to take you', 'lo' means 'for him', 'leisha' means 'as a wife'.
[1SA.25.41] And she rose and bowed low to the ground and said, Behold, your maid is to wash the feet of the servants of my lord. [§]
vataqam vatishtachu afayim artzah vatoomer hineh amatekha lishpacha lirchotz raglei avdei adoni.
'vataqam' means 'and she rose', 'vatishtachu' means 'and she bowed low', 'afayim' means 'to the ground', 'artzah' means 'the ground', 'vatoomer' means 'and she said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'amatekha' means 'your maid', 'lishpacha' means 'to wash', 'lirchotz' means 'to wash', 'raglei' means 'the feet of', 'avdei' means 'the servants of', 'adoni' means 'my lord'.
[1SA.25.42] And she hurried, and she rose, Abigail, and she mounted on the donkey, and five of her maidservants walking at her feet; and she went after the messengers of David, and she became his wife. [§]
vatemahe vattakam avigail vitrkav al hachamor vechamesh naaroteha haholechot leraglah vatelech acharei malachei david vatehi lo leisha
'vatemahe' means 'and she hurried', 'vattakam' means 'and she arose', 'avigail' is the proper name 'Abigail', 'vitrkav' means 'and she mounted', 'al' means 'on', 'hachamor' means 'the donkey', 'vechamesh' means 'and five', 'naaroteha' means 'her maidservants', 'haholechot' means 'walking', 'leraglah' means 'at her feet', 'vatelech' means 'and she went', 'acharei' means 'after', 'malachei' means 'the messengers of', 'david' is the proper name 'David', 'vatehi' means 'and she became', 'lo' means 'to him', 'leisha' means 'a wife'.
[1SA.25.43] And David took Achinoam from Jezreel, and she also became both his wives. [§]
ve'et Achinoam laqach David miYizrael vatihyeina gam shteihen lo le-nashim.
've'et' means 'and (the)', 'Achinoam' is a proper name of a woman, 'laqach' means 'took', 'David' is the king's name, 'miYizrael' means 'from Jezreel', 'vatihyeina' means 'and she became', 'gam' means 'also', 'shteihen' means 'both of them', 'lo' means 'to him', 'le-nashim' means 'as wives'.
[1SA.25.44] And Saul gave Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Phaltiel son of Layish who was from the Galileans. [§]
veShaul natan et-Michal bito eshet David lePhaltiel ben-Layish asher miggalim.
've' means 'and', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'natan' means 'gave', 'et' marks the direct object, 'Michal' is a proper name, 'bito' means 'his daughter', 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'David' is a proper name, 'le' means 'to', 'Phaltiel' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Layish' is a proper name, 'asher' means 'who/which', 'miggalim' means 'from the Galileans' (literally 'from the Galilee').
1SA.26
[1SA.26.1] And the Ziphites came to Saul at the hill, saying, "Is not David hiding in the hill of Hakila on the face of the Yeshimon?" [§]
Vayyavo ha-zifim el Shaul ha-giv'atah le'emor halo David mis-tatter be-givat ha-hakila al penei ha-yashimon.
'Vayyavo' means 'and they came', 'ha-zifim' means 'the Ziphites' (people of Ziph), 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'ha-giv'atah' means 'the hill', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'halo' means 'is not it' or 'isn't', 'David' is the name David, 'mis-tatter' means 'hiding', 'be-givat' means 'in the hill of', 'ha-hakila' is a place name that can be rendered as 'the hill of Hakila', 'al' means 'on' or 'upon', 'penei' means 'the face of' (i.e., in front of), and 'ha-yashimon' is a place name rendered as 'the Yeshimon'.
[1SA.26.2] Saul rose and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, and with him three thousand men of Israel's youths, to search for David in the wilderness of Ziph. [§]
Vayakam Shaul vayered el-Midbar-Zif ve-ito shloshet alafim ish bechurei Yisrael levakesh et-David b-Midbar-Zif.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'vayered' means 'and he went down', 'el' means 'to', 'Midbar' means 'wilderness', 'Zif' is the place name Ziph, 've-ito' means 'and with him', 'shloshet alafim' means 'three thousand', 'ish' means 'men', 'bechurei' means 'of the youths', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'levakesh' means 'to search for', 'et' is the direct‑object marker (not rendered in English), 'David' is the personal name David, 'b-Midbar-Zif' means 'in the wilderness of Ziph'.
[1SA.26.3] And Shaul halted on the hill of the wisdom that was over the face of the Yshimon on the road, and David was sitting in the wilderness, and he saw that Shaul came after him into the wilderness. [§]
Vayichan Shaul be-giv'at ha-chakila asher al-p'nei ha-yshimon al-hadarach ve-David yosev ba-midbar vayyar ki ba Shaul acharav ha-midbara.
'Vayichan' means 'and he halted', 'Shaul' is the personal name Shaul, 'be-giv'at' means 'in the hill of', 'ha-chakila' means 'the wisdom', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'al-p'nei' means 'over the face of', 'ha-yshimon' is a place name meaning 'the Yshimon', 'al-hadarach' means 'upon the road', 've-David' means 'and David', 'yosev' means 'was sitting' or 'dwelt', 'ba-midbar' means 'in the wilderness', 'vayyar' means 'and he saw', 'ki' means 'that', 'ba' means 'came', 'Shaul' again the name, 'acharav' means 'after him', 'ha-midbara' means 'the wilderness' (the same wilderness mentioned before).
[1SA.26.4] And David sent messengers, and he knew that Saul was coming to Nachon. [§]
Vayishlach David meraggelim vayeda ki ba Shaul el Nachon.
'Vayishlach' means 'and he sent', 'David' is a personal name, 'meraggelim' means 'messengers', 'vayeda' means 'and he knew', 'ki' means 'that', 'ba' means 'came', 'Shaul' is a personal name, 'el' means 'to', 'Nachon' is a place name.
[1SA.26.5] And David rose and went to the place where Saul had settled there, and David saw the place where Saul had lain there; and Avner son of Ner, commander of his army, and Saul lying in the circle, and the people were camped around him. [§]
Vayakam David vayavo el hamakom asher chana sham Saul vayyar David et hamakom asher shakav sham Saul ve Avner ben Ner sar tzeva'o ve Saul shochev bamaggel ve haam chonim svivotav.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'David' is a proper name, 'vayavo' means 'and he went', 'el' means 'to', 'hamakom' means 'the place', 'asher' means 'that/where', 'chana' means 'he settled', 'sham' means 'there', 'Saul' is a proper name, 'vayar' means 'and he saw', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'hamakom' again 'the place', 'asher' again 'that/where', 'shakav' means 'he lay', 'sham' again 'there', 'Saul' again, 've' means 'and', 'Avner' is a proper name, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Ner' is a proper name, 'sar' means 'captain' or 'commander', 'tzeva'o' means 'of his army', 've' again 'and', 'Saul' again, 'shochev' means 'lying', 'bamaggel' means 'in the circle', 've' again 'and', 'haam' means 'the people', 'chonim' means 'camped', 'svivotav' means 'around him'.
[1SA.26.6] And David answered, saying to Achimelech the Hittite and to Avishai son of Zeruiah his brother Joab, 'Who will go with me to Saul to the camp?' And Avishai said, 'I will go with you.' [§]
Vayyan David vayomer el Achimelech ha chiti ve el Avishai ben Tzeruya achi Yoav le'emor mi yered iti el Shaul el hamachaneh vayomer Avishai Ani ered immach.
'Vayyan' means 'and answered', 'David' is the proper name David, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'el' means 'to', 'Achimelech' is the proper name Achimelech, 'ha' means 'the', 'chiti' means 'Hittite', 've' means 'and', 'el' means 'to', 'Avishai' is the proper name Avishai, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Tzeruya' is the proper name Zeruiah, 'achi' means 'my brother', 'Yoav' is the proper name Joab, 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'mi' means 'who', 'yered' means 'will go down', 'iti' means 'with me', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'el' means 'to', 'ha' means 'the', 'machaneh' means 'camp', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Avishai' proper name, 'Ani' means 'I', 'ered' means 'will go', 'immach' means 'with you'.
[1SA.26.7] And David and Abishai came to the people at night, and behold Saul was lying asleep in the camp, and his spear was thrust into the ground at his head, and Abner and the people were lying around him. [§]
Vayyavo David vaAvishai el haam layla ve hineh Shaul shochev yashen ba ma'agal vachanito me'ukha baaretz merashotav ve Avner ve haam shochvim sevivotav.
'Vayyavo' means 'and came', 'David' is a personal name, 'vaAvishai' means 'and Abishai', 'el' means 'to', 'haam' means 'the people', 'layla' means 'at night', 've' means 'and', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'Shaul' is a personal name, 'shochev' means 'lying', 'yashen' means 'sleeping', 'ba' means 'in', 'ma'agal' means 'the camp', 'vachanito' means 'and his spear', 'me'ukha' means 'was thrust', 'baaretz' means 'into the ground', 'merashotav' means 'at his head', 've' means 'and', 'Avner' is a personal name, 've' again means 'and', 'haam' means 'the people', 'shochvim' means 'lying', 'sevivotav' means 'around him'.
[1SA.26.8] And Avishai said to David, 'The Gods have today bound your enemy into your hand; now let me strike him once with a spear and with the earth, and I will not spare him.' [§]
Vayomer Avishai el-David sigar Elohim hayom et-oyvecha beyadecha ve'atah akkenu na bachanit uvaaretz paam achat velo eshneh lo.
Vayomer means 'and he said', Avishai is a personal name, el-David means 'to David', sigar means 'has bound', Elohim means 'the Gods', hayom means 'today', et-oyvecha means 'your enemy', beyadecha means 'in your hand', ve'atah means 'and now', akkenu means 'let me strike', na is a particle of request, bachanit means 'with a spear', uvaaretz means 'and with the earth', paam means 'once', achat means 'one', velo means 'and not', eshneh means 'I will spare', lo means 'him'.
[1SA.26.9] And David said to Abishai, 'Do not destroy him, for who has sent his hand against the anointed of Yahveh and is innocent?' [§]
Vayomer David el-Avishai al-tashchiteihu ki mi shalach yado bimeshich Yahveh venikah.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'el-Avishai' means 'to Abishai', 'al-tashchiteihu' means 'do not destroy him', 'ki' means 'for', 'mi' means 'who', 'shalach' means 'has sent', 'yado' means 'his hand', 'bimeshich' means 'against the anointed', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, and 'venikah' means 'and (he) is innocent/clean'.
[1SA.26.10] And David said, 'Yahveh lives, for if Yahveh were to strike me, then his day would come and he would die, or in battle he would fall and be counted.' [§]
Vayomer David chay-Yahveh ki im-Yahveh yigapennu o-yomo yavo vamet o bamilchamah yered venispah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the proper name, 'chay-Yahveh' literally means 'Yahveh lives' (an oath invoking the divine name), 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'im-Yahveh' means 'if Yahveh', 'yigapennu' means 'he would strike him', 'o-yomo' means 'then his day', 'yavo' means 'will come', 'vamet' means 'and die', 'o' means 'or', 'bamilchamah' means 'in battle', 'yered' means 'will fall', 'venispah' means 'and be counted'. The divine name YHVH is rendered as 'Yahveh' according to the literal translation rule.
[1SA.26.11] Fear to me from Yahveh from the sending of my hand in the anointed Yahveh, and now take please the spear that is at its head and the spray of the water, and let us go for ourselves. [§]
chalila li meYahveh mishloach yadi bimeshiah Yahveh veatta kach-na et hachanit asher merashotav ve-et tzafachat hamayim venelcha lanu.
'chalila' means 'fear', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'meYahveh' means 'from Yahveh', 'mishloach' means 'sending' or 'the sending', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'bimeshiah' means 'in the anointed one', 'Yahveh' is the divine name, 'veatta' means 'and now', 'kach-na' means 'take please', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hachanit' means 'the spear', 'asher' means 'that which', 'merashotav' means 'its head', 've-et' means 'and the', 'tzafachat' means 'spray' or 'splattering', 'hamayim' means 'the water', 'venelcha' means 'let us go', 'lanu' means 'for us' or 'to us'.
[1SA.26.12] And David took the sword and the water jug from the heads of Saul, and they went away, and there was no one seeing, and no one knowing, and no one keeping watch, because all of them were sleeping, because the sleep of Yahveh had fallen upon them. [§]
Vayikach David et haχanit ve'et tzaphachat hamayim merashotei Shaul vayelechu lahem ve'ein ro'eh ve'ein yodea ve'ein meqitz ki kulam yeshenim ki tardemat Yahveh nafla aleihem.
'Vayikach' means 'and took'; 'David' is the proper name David; 'et' is the direct‑object marker; 'haχanit' is 'the sword'; 've'et' means 'and (the)'; 'tzaphachat' is 'the water jug' (a container for water); 'hamayim' means 'the waters'; 'merashotei' means 'from the heads of'; 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul; 'vayelechu' means 'and they went'; 'lahem' can be rendered 'away' or 'to them' depending on context; 've'ein' means 'and there is not'; 'ro'eh' is 'seeing'; second 've'ein' 'and there is not' with 'yodea' 'knowing'; third 've'ein' 'and there is not' with 'meqitz' 'watching' or 'keeping watch'; 'ki' means 'because'; 'kulam' means 'all of them'; 'yeshenim' means 'sleeping'; second 'ki' again 'because'; 'tardemat' is 'the sleep of'; 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH; 'nafla' means 'has fallen'; 'aleihem' means 'upon them'. The translation renders each word literally, with the divine name kept as 'Yahveh' per the given instruction.
[1SA.26.13] And David crossed the other side and stood on the top of the hill far away, a great place between them. [§]
vay-yaavor David ha-aver vay-yaamod al-rosh-ha-har me-rakhok rav ha-makom beinayhem.
'vay-yaavor' means 'and he crossed', 'David' is the personal name, 'ha-aver' means 'the other side', 'vay-yaamod' means 'and he stood', 'al-rosh-ha-har' means 'on the top of the hill', 'me-rakhok' means 'from a distance' or 'far away', 'rav' means 'great' or 'much', 'ha-makom' means 'the place', 'beinayhem' means 'between them'.
[1SA.26.14] David called to the people and to Abner son of Ner, saying, 'Surely you will answer, Abner?' And Abner answered and said, 'Who are you who called to the king?' [§]
Vayikra David el-ha'am ve'el-Avner ben-Ner le'omar halo' ta'aneh Avner vayyan Avner vayomer mi attah karata el-hamelach.
'Vayikra' means 'and he called', 'David' is the proper name David, 'el' means 'to', 'ha'am' means 'the people', 've'el' means 'and to', 'Avner' is the proper name Abner, 'ben' means 'son', 'Ner' is the proper name Ner, 'le'omar' means 'to say', 'halo'' means 'isn't it' or 'surely', 'ta'aneh' means 'you will answer', 'Avner' repeats the name, 'vayyan' means 'and he answered', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'mi' means 'who', 'attah' means 'you', 'karata' means 'you called', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'melech' means 'the king'.
[1SA.26.15] And David said to Avner, "Is there not a man like you in Israel, and why have you not guarded your Lord the king, for one of the people has come to destroy the king, your Lord?" [§]
Vayomer David el-Avner halo ish atah u-mi kamocha beYisrael ve-lamah lo shamar et-adonecha ha-melekh ki ba echad ha-am le-hashchit et-ha-melekh adonecha.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the name David, 'el-Avner' means 'to Avner', 'halo' means 'is not', 'ish' means 'a man', 'atah' means 'you', 'u-mi' means 'and who', 'kamocha' means 'like you', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 've-lamah' means 'and why', 'lo' means 'not', 'shamar' means 'guard' or 'protect', 'et-adonecha' means 'your Lord' (Adonai rendered literally as 'my Lord'), 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'ki' means 'for', 'ba' means 'has come', 'echad' means 'one', 'ha-am' means 'the people', 'le-hashchit' means 'to destroy', 'et-ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'adonecha' again means 'your Lord' (rendered as 'my Lord').
[1SA.26.16] Not good is this thing which you have done, the life of Yahveh, because you are children of death, you who have not kept your Lord concerning the Messiah Yahveh; and now see where is the king's spear and the water's edge which is its head. [§]
Lo tov ha-davar ha-ze asher asita chai Yahveh ki bnei-mavet atem asher lo shmartem al-adeneychem al-meshich Yahveh ve-atah re'eh ey-chanit ha-melekh ve-et tzafachat ha-mayim asher merashotu.
'Lo' means 'not', 'tov' means 'good', 'ha-davar' means 'the thing', 'ha-ze' means 'this', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'asita' means 'you did', 'chai' means 'life', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'bnei-mavet' means 'children of death', 'atem' means 'you (plural)', 'asher' again 'who/that', 'lo' means 'not', 'shmartem' means 'you kept/guarded', 'al' means 'concerning/on', 'adeneychem' is 'your Lord' (Adonai = my Lord, with your suffix), 'al' again 'concerning', 'meshich Yahveh' means 'Messiah Yahveh', 've-atah' means 'and now', 're'eh' means 'see', 'ey' means 'where', 'chanit' means 'spear', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 've-et' means 'and the', 'tzafachat' means 'edge/shore', 'ha-mayim' means 'the water', 'asher' means 'which', 'merashotu' means 'is its head'.
[1SA.26.17] And Saul recognized the voice of David and said, Is this your voice, my son David? And David said, My voice, my Lord the king. [§]
Vayakker Shaul et kol David vayomer hakolecha ze beni David vayomer David kolii Adoni hamelech.
'Vayakker' means 'and recognized', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'voice', 'David' is the name David, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'hakolecha' means 'your voice', 'ze' means 'this', 'beni' means 'my son', 'David' repeats the name, 'vayomer' again 'and said', 'David' the speaker, 'kolii' means 'my voice', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord' (literal translation of the divine title), 'hamelech' means 'the king'.
[1SA.26.18] And he said, Why, my Lord, do you chase after my servant? For what have I done, and what evil is in my hand? [§]
Vayomer lama ze Adoni rodef acharei avdo ki me asiti u-ma be-yadi raah.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lama' means 'why', 'ze' means 'this', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'rodef' means 'pursuing' or 'chasing', 'acharei' means 'after', 'avdo' means 'his servant', 'ki' means 'for' or 'because', 'me' means 'what', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'u-ma' means 'and what', 'be-yadi' means 'in my hand', 'raah' means 'evil' or 'bad'.
[1SA.26.19] Now please, my Lord the king, listen to the words of his servant: If Yahveh has cast you upon me as an offering, and if the sons of humankind are cursed before Yahveh because they have driven me out today from my portion in Yahveh's inheritance, saying, go serve the other the Gods. [§]
Ve'atah yishma na adoni ha-melekh et divrei avdo im Yahveh hessitkha bi-yarah mincha ve-im b'nei ha-adam arurim hem le-fnei Yahveh ki-gereshuni hayom mehista pich be-nachalath Yahveh lemar leh avod the other the Gods.
'Ve'atah' means 'now', 'yishma' means 'listen', 'na' means 'please', 'adoni' means 'my Lord', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'et' is a direct object marker (untranslated), 'divrei' means 'words of', 'avdo' means 'his servant', 'im' means 'if', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'hessitkha' means 'has cast you', 'bi-yarah' means 'upon me', 'mincha' means 'a portion' (here 'offering'), 've-im' means 'and if', 'b'nei' means 'the sons of', 'ha-adam' means 'humankind', 'arurim' means 'cursed', 'hem' means 'they', 'le-fnei' means 'before', 'Yahveh' again 'Yahveh', 'ki-gereshuni' means 'because they have driven me out', 'hayom' means 'today', 'mehista' means 'to remove', 'pich' means 'my portion', 'be-nachalath' means 'in the inheritance', 'Yahveh' again, 'lemar' means 'to say', 'leh' means 'go', 'avod' means 'serve', 'the other the Gods' translates the phrase 'אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים' where 'Elohim' is rendered literally as 'the Gods' and 'acherim' as 'other'.
[1SA.26.20] And now let my blood not fall to the ground before the face of Yahveh, because the king of Israel will go out to seek one Pharaoh as the one who calls is chased in the mountains. [§]
Ve'atah al-yippol dami artzah minnegad p'nei Yahveh ki-yatzeh melekh Yisrael levakesh et-Pharos echad ke'asher yirdof hakoreh baharim.
'Ve'atah' means 'and now', 'al-yippol' means 'let not fall', 'dami' means 'my blood', 'artzah' means 'to the ground', 'minnegad' means 'in front of', 'p'nei' means 'the face of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'ki' means 'because', 'yatzeh' means 'will go out', 'melek' means 'king', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'levakesh' means 'to seek', 'et-Pharos' means 'the Pharaoh', 'echad' means 'one', 'ke'asher' means 'as', 'yirdof' means 'will chase', 'hakoreh' means 'the one who calls', 'baharim' means 'in the mountains'.
[1SA.26.21] And Saul said, I have sinned; return, my son David, for I will not harm you any longer under that which my soul values in your eyes today. Behold, I have become weary and have erred greatly. [§]
Vayomer Shaul chata'ti shuv b'ni David ki lo-arei lecha od tachat asher yakra nafshi be'einecha hayom haze hineh hiskalti va'eshgeh harbeh me'od.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'chata'ti' means 'I have sinned', 'shuv' means 'return', 'b'ni' means 'my son', 'David' is the name David, 'ki' means 'for', 'lo-arei' means 'I will not harm', 'lecha' means 'you', 'od' means 'anymore', 'tachat' means 'under', 'asher' means 'that which', 'yakra' means 'my soul values', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'hayom' means 'today', 'haze' means 'this', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'hiskalti' means 'I have become weary', 'va'eshgeh' means 'and I have erred', 'harbeh' means 'greatly', 'me'od' means 'very'.
[1SA.26.22] And David answered and said, Behold the king's maiden, and let one of the young men go and take her. [§]
va'yaan David vayomer hineh hachanit hamelek ve'yavor echad me'hane'arim ve'yikaha
'va'yaan' means 'and answered', 'David' is the name David, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'hachanit' means 'the maiden' or 'young woman', 'hamelek' means 'the king's', 've'yavor' means 'and let one go', 'echad' means 'one', 'me'hane'arim' means 'of the young men', 've'yikaha' means 'and take her'.
[1SA.26.23] And Yahveh will restore to the man his righteousness and his faithfulness which Yahveh gave you today by hand, and I was not able to send my hand in the Messiah of Yahveh. [§]
VaYahveh yashiv la'ish et-tzidkato ve'et-emunato asher netancha Yahveh hayom be yad velo aviti lishlach yadi bimeshiah Yahveh.
'VaYahveh' means 'and Yahveh', 'yashiv' means 'will restore', 'la'ish' means 'to the man', 'et-tzidkato' means 'his righteousness', 've'et-emunato' means 'and his faithfulness', 'asher' means 'which', 'netancha' means 'Yahveh gave you', 'Yahveh' is the divine name translated as 'Yahveh', 'hayom' means 'today', 'be yad' means 'by hand', 'velo' means 'and not', 'aviti' means 'I was able', 'lishlach' means 'to send', 'yadi' means 'my hand', 'bimeshiah' means 'in the Messiah', 'Yahveh' again means 'Yahveh'.
[1SA.26.24] And behold, as your soul grew today in my eyes, so my soul will grow in the eyes of Yahveh and he will rescue me from all trouble. [§]
ve-hineh ka-asher gadlah nafshkha hayom hazeh be-einai ken tigdal nafshi be-einei Yahveh ve-yatzileni mikol-tzarah.
've-hineh' means 'and behold', 'ka-asher' means 'as', 'gadlah' means 'you grew' (from the root 'grow'), 'nafshkha' means 'your soul', 'hayom' means 'today', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'be-einai' means 'in my eyes', 'ken' means 'so', 'tigdal' means 'you will grow', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'be-einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHWH, 've-yatzileni' means 'and he will rescue me', 'mikol-tzarah' means 'from all distress or trouble'.
[1SA.26.25] And Saul said to David, 'Blessed are you, my son David; also you shall do, and also you can; and David went his way, and Saul returned to his place.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul el-David Barukh attah beni David gam asah ta'aseh ve'gam yakhol tukhal vayelech David ledarko veShaul shav lemkomo.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'el-David' means 'to David', 'Barukh' means 'blessed', 'attah' means 'you', 'beni' means 'my son', 'David' is the name David, 'gam' means 'also', 'asah' means 'do', 'ta'aseh' is the future form 'you will do', 've'gam' means 'and also', 'yakhol' means 'can', 'tukhal' means 'you can', 'vayelech' means 'and went', 'David' is the name again, 'ledarko' means 'on his way', 'veShaul' means 'and Saul', 'shav' means 'returned', 'lemkomo' means 'to his place'.
1SA.27
[1SA.27.1] And David said to his heart, Now I will set aside one day in the hand of Saul; I have no good because I will escape, I will escape to the land of the Philistines, and I will be shamed from me; Saul will seek me again in every border of Israel, and I will be saved from his hand. [§]
Vayomer David el-libbo atta esafe yom echad be-yad Shaul ein li tov ki himmalet imallet el-eretz Pelishtim ve-noash mimeni Shaul le-vaksheni od be-khol gevul Yisrael ve-nimlatti mi-yado.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the personal name David, 'el-libbo' means 'to his heart', 'atta' means 'now', 'esafe' means 'I will set aside/gather', 'yom echad' means 'one day', 'be-yad Shaul' means 'in the hand of Saul', 'ein li' means 'I have no', 'tov' means 'good', 'ki' means 'because', 'himmalet' means 'I will escape', 'imallet' means 'I will escape' (emphatic repetition), 'el-eretz' means 'to the land', 'Pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 've-noash' means 'and I will be shamed', 'mimeni' means 'from me', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'le-vaksheni' means 'to seek me', 'od' means 'again', 'be-khol gevul' means 'in every border', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 've-nimlatti' means 'and I will be saved', 'mi-yado' means 'from his hand'.
[1SA.27.2] And David rose and went, and six hundred men who were with him went to Akish son of Maoch, king of Gath. [§]
Vayakam David vayaa'vor hu ve'shesh-me'ot ish asher immo el Akish ben Maoch melech Gat.
'Vayakam' means 'and he rose', 'David' is the personal name David, 'vayaa'vor' means 'and he went across', 'hu' means 'he', 've'shesh-me'ot' means 'and six hundred', 'ish' means 'men', 'asher' means 'who', 'immo' means 'with him', 'el' means 'to', 'Akish' is the personal name Akish, 'ben' means 'son of', 'Maoch' is the personal name Maoch, 'melech' means 'king', 'Gat' is the city of Gat.
[1SA.27.3] And David sat with Akish in Gat, he and his men, a man, and his house David, and his two wives Ahinoam the Jezreelite and Abigail wife of Nabal the Carmelite. [§]
Vayyeshev David im Akish beGat hu va'anashav ish uveito David ushtei nashav Achinoam hiyizraelit vaAvigail eshet Naval hakarmelit.
'Vayyeshev' means 'and he sat', 'David' is the name David, 'im' means 'with', 'Akish' is the name Akish, 'beGat' means 'in Gat', 'hu' means 'he', 'va'anashav' means 'and his men', 'ish' means 'a man', 'uveito' means 'and his house', 'usht ei' means 'and two', 'nashav' means 'wives', 'Achinoam' is the name Ahinoam, 'hiyizraelit' means 'the Jezreelite woman', 'vaAvigail' means 'and Abigail', 'eshet' means 'wife', 'Naval' is the name Nabal, 'hakarmelit' means 'the Carmelite woman'.
[1SA.27.4] It was reported to Saul that David fled to Gath, and he will not pursue him any further. [§]
Vayugad leShaul ki barach David Gat ve'lo yosef od levakso.
'Vayugad' means 'it was reported', 'leShaul' means 'to Saul', 'ki' means 'that', 'barach' means 'fled', 'David' is the proper name David, 'Gat' means 'Gath', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yosef' means 'will continue' or 'will add', 'od' means 'any more', 'levakso' means 'to seek him'.
[1SA.27.5] And David said to Ahithophel, If I may find favor in your eyes, grant me a place in one of the field cities and I will dwell there; and why should your servant sit in the city of the kingdom with you. [§]
Vayomer David el-Akhish im na matzati chen be'einecha yitnu li makom be'ahat arei hashade ve'eshvah sham ve'lamah yesheev avdecha be'ir hamamlakah imach.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the proper name David, 'el-Akhish' means 'to Ahithophel', 'im' means 'if', 'na' is a polite particle 'please', 'matzati' means 'I have found', 'chen' means 'favor', 'be'einecha' means 'in your eyes', 'yitnu' means 'they will give', 'li' means 'to me', 'makom' means 'a place', 'be'ahat' means 'in one', 'arei' means 'of the cities', 'hashade' means 'of the field', 've'eshvah' means 'and I will dwell', 'sham' means 'there', 've'lamah' means 'and why', 'yesheev' means 'should sit', 'avdecha' means 'your servant', 'be'ir' means 'in the city', 'hamamlakah' means 'the kingdom', 'imach' means 'with you'.
[1SA.27.6] And Akish gave him on that day Ziclag; therefore Ziclag was to the kings of Judah until this day. [§]
Vayiten-lo Akish bayom hahu et-Ziclag; laken hayetah Ziclag leMalkhei Yehudah ad hayom hazeh.
'Vayiten' means 'and gave', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Akish' is a personal name, 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'Ziclag' is a place name, 'laken' means 'therefore', 'hayetah' means 'was', 'Ziclag' repeats the place name, 'leMalkhei' means 'to the kings of', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'this day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[1SA.27.7] And the number of days that David dwelt in the Philistine field was days and four months. [§]
Vayehi mispar hayamim asher-yashav David bishdeh Philistim yamim ve'arba'ah chodeshim.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'mispar' means 'number', 'hayamim' means 'the days', 'asher' means 'that', 'yashav' means 'dwelt' or 'lived', 'David' is the name 'David', 'bishdeh' means 'in the field', 'Philistim' means 'of the Philistines', 'yamim' means 'days', 've'arba'ah' means 'and four', 'chodeshim' means 'months'.
[1SA.27.8] David and his men went out to the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites, for they dwelt in the land that has been from everlasting to the border of Egypt. [§]
Vayya'al David ve'anashav vayifshu el-hagshuri ve-hagirtzi ve-ha'amalek-i ki henna yoshevet ha'aretz asher me'olam bo'acha shura ve'ad eretz Mitzrayim.
'Vayya'al' means 'and he went up', referring to David. 'David' is the name of the king. 've'anashav' means 'and his men'. 'vayifshu' means 'and they went out'. 'el-hagshuri' means 'to the Geshurite', a people living east of the Jordan. 've-hagirtzi' means 'and the Girzite', another group. 've-ha'amalek-i' means 'and the Amalekite', a tribe hostile to Israel. 'ki' means 'for' or 'because'. 'henna' means 'there'. 'yoshevet' means 'dwelling' or 'inhabiting'. 'ha'aretz' means 'the land'. 'asher' means 'that'. 'me'olam' means 'from eternity' or 'forever'. 'bo'acha shura' is a difficult phrase, here understood as 'to the border' (shura) of the land. 've'ad' means 'and up to'. 'eretz Mitzrayim' means 'the land of Egypt'.
[1SA.27.9] And David struck the land and he would not keep alive any man or woman, and he took flock, cattle, donkeys, camels, and garments, and he returned and came to Akish. [§]
vehi'ka David et haaretz ve'lo yechayei ish ve'isha ve'lakach tzon u'vakar vachamorim u'gemalim u'vegadim vayashav vayavo el Akish.
'vehi'ka' means 'and he struck', 'David' is the proper name David, 'et' is the accusative marker (no direct English equivalent), 'haaretz' means 'the land', 've'lo' means 'and not', 'yechayei' means 'would keep alive' (negative here: 'would not keep alive'), 'ish' means 'man', 've'isha' means 'and woman', 've'lakach' means 'and he took', 'tzon' means 'flock', 'u'vakar' means 'and cattle', 'vachamorim' means 'and donkeys', 'u'gemalim' means 'and camels', 'u'vegadim' means 'and garments', 'vayashav' means 'and he returned', 'vayavo' means 'and he came', 'el' means 'to', 'Akish' is a place name.
[1SA.27.10] And Akish said, 'Do not disperse today,' and David said, 'On the wilderness of Judah and on the wilderness of the Yarchme'eli and to the wilderness of the Keini.' [§]
Vayomer Akish al-peshattem hayom vayomer David al-negev Yehudah ve'al-negev hayarchme'eli ve'el-negev hakeini.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Akish' is a personal name, 'al-peshattem' means 'do not disperse' (literally 'do not scatter'), 'hayom' means 'today', 'vayomer' again means 'and he said', 'David' is a personal name, 'al-negev' means 'on the wilderness of', 'Yehudah' is the region Judah, 've'al-negev' means 'and on the wilderness of', 'hayarchme'eli' is a place name meaning 'the Yarchme'eli wilderness', 've'el-negev' means 'and to the wilderness of', 'hakeini' is the Keini wilderness. The verse records statements by Akish and David concerning movements in various wilderness regions.
[1SA.27.11] And a man and a woman shall not live David to bring Gath, saying, lest they say about us, saying, thus David did and thus his judgment, all the days that he dwelt in the field of the Philistines. [§]
veish veisha lo yechai David le-havi gat le-emor pen yagidu aleinu le-emor ko-asa David ve-ko mishpato kol ha-yamim asher yashav bi-sde Philistim.
'veish' means 'and a man', 'veisha' means 'and a woman', 'lo' means 'not', 'yechai' means 'will live', 'David' is the name David, 'le-havi' means 'to bring', 'gat' is the city Gath, 'le-emor' means 'to say', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yagidu' means 'they say', 'aleinu' means 'about us', 'ko-asa' means 'thus he did', 've-ko' means 'and thus', 'mishpato' means 'his judgment', 'kol' means 'all', 'ha-yamim' means 'the days', 'asher' means 'that', 'yashav' means 'he dwelt', 'bi-sde' means 'in the field', 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines'.
[1SA.27.12] And Achish affirmed David, saying, The fire will be upon him among his people in Israel, and he will be my servant forever. [§]
Va'yaamen Achish beDavid le'emor habesh hib'ish beammo beYisrael ve'hayah li le'evod olam.
'Va'yaamen' means 'and he believed/affirmed', 'Achish' is the name of the Philistine ruler, 'beDavid' means 'in David' or 'concerning David', 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'habesh' means 'the fire' (or metaphorically 'the zeal'), 'hib'ish' means 'it will be in him' or 'it will come upon him', 'beammo' means 'among his people', 'beYisrael' means 'in Israel', 've'hayah' means 'and it will be', 'li' means 'to me' or 'for me', 'le'evod' means 'as a servant', 'olam' means 'forever'.
1SA.28
[1SA.28.1] And it was in those days that the Philistines gathered their camp for battle to fight Israel, and Achish said to David, 'You know, you will know that with me you will go out into the camp, you and your men.' [§]
Vayehi bayamim hahem vayikbetzu p'lishtim et machaneihhem latzava lehilachem biYisrael vayomer Akish el David yado ta da ki iti tetse bamachaneh attah va'anashicha.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'bayamim' means 'in the days', 'hahem' means 'those', 'vayikbetzu' means 'and they gathered', 'p'lishtim' means 'Philistines', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'machaneihhem' means 'their camp (or army)', 'latzava' means 'for battle', 'lehilachem' means 'to fight', 'biYisrael' means 'against Israel', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Akish' is the name Achish, 'el' means 'to', 'David' is the name David, 'yado' means 'you know', 'ta' means 'you will', 'da' is part of the verb 'know' forming 'teda' meaning 'you will know', 'ki' means 'because', 'iti' means 'with me', 'tetse' means 'you shall go out', 'bamachaneh' means 'into the camp', 'attah' means 'you', 'va'anashicha' means 'and your men'.
[1SA.28.2] And David said to Ahish, 'Therefore you shall know what my servant will do.' And Ahish said to David, 'Therefore I will place you as the guard of my head all the days.' [§]
Vayomer David el-Okish lakhen attah teda et asher ya'ase avdecha; vayomer Okish el-David lakhen shomer le-roshi asimkha kol ha-yamim.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said'; 'David' is the proper name; 'el-Okish' means 'to Ahish'; 'lachen' means 'therefore'; 'attah' means 'you'; 'teda' means 'will know'; 'et' is a direct‑object marker; 'asher' means 'that which'; 'ya'ase' means 'he will do'; 'avdecha' means 'my servant' (literally 'your servant' but context gives 'my servant'); 'vayomer' again 'and he said'; 'Okish' is the proper name; 'el-David' means 'to David'; 'lachen' again 'therefore'; 'shomer' means 'guard' or 'watchman'; 'le-roshi' means 'for my head' (idiom for 'for my chief' or 'for my protection'); 'asimkha' means 'I will place you'; 'kol' means 'all'; 'ha-yamim' means 'the days'.
[1SA.28.3] Samuel died, and all Israel mourned for him; they buried him at Ramah, in his city; and Saul removed the bows and the hayiddonim from the land. [§]
Ushmu'el met vayisfedu lo kol Yisrael vayikberuhu baRamah uve'iro v'Shaul heisir haovot ve'et hayiddonim meha'aretz.
'Ushmu'el' means 'Samuel', 'met' means 'died', 'vayisfedu' means 'and mourned', 'lo' means 'for him', 'kol' means 'all', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'vayikberuhu' means 'and they buried him', 'baRamah' means 'in Ramah', 'uve'iro' means 'in his city', 'v'Shaul' means 'and Saul', 'heisir' means 'removed', 'haovot' means 'the bows', 've'et' is a conjunction meaning 'and', 'hayiddonim' is a rare term whose exact meaning is uncertain but is a plural noun, 'meha'aretz' means 'from the land'.
[1SA.28.4] The Philistines gathered, came, and camped at Shunem; and Saul gathered all Israel and camped at Gilboa. [§]
Vayikavtzu pelishtim vayavohu vayachanu beShunem vayikbatz Shaul et kol Yisrael vayachanu bagilboa.
'Vayikavtzu' means 'and they gathered', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'vayavohu' means 'and they came', 'vayachanu' means 'and they camped', 'beShunem' means 'at Shunem', 'vayikbatz' means 'and he gathered', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'et kol Yisrael' means 'all Israel', 'bagilboa' means 'at Gilboa'.
[1SA.28.5] And Saul saw the Philistine camp; he was afraid, and his heart was greatly troubled. [§]
Vayar Shaul et-Machaneh Peleshtim vayira vayechrad libo meod.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'Shaul' is the personal name 'Saul', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'Machaneh' means 'camp', 'Peleshtim' means 'Philistines', 'vayira' means 'and he was afraid', 'vayechrad' means 'and he troubled', 'libo' means 'his heart', 'meod' means 'very' or 'greatly'.
[1SA.28.6] Saul asked Yahveh, but Yahveh did not answer him, nor in dreams, nor by the Urim, nor by the prophets. [§]
va-yishal Shaul ba-Yahveh ve-lo anahu Yahveh gam ba-chalomot gam ba-urim gam ba-neviim.
'va-yishal' means 'and he asked', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'ba-Yahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (the LORD), 've-lo' means 'and not', 'anahu' means 'answered him', 'Yahveh' is the name of God, 'gam' means 'also' or 'nor', 'ba-chalomot' means 'in dreams', 'ba-urim' means 'by the Urim', 'ba-neviim' means 'by the prophets'.
[1SA.28.7] And Saul said to his servants, 'Search for me a wife of Abner and I will go to her and I will inquire of her.' And his servants said to him, 'Behold, a wife of Abner is in the sight of a generation.' [§]
Vayomer Shaul la'avadav bakshu-li eshet ba'alat-ov ve'elech eleha ve'edrasha ba vayomru avadav elav hineh eshet ba'alat-ov be'eyn dor.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'la'avadav' means 'to his servants', 'bakshu-li' means 'search for me', 'eshet' means 'woman' or 'wife', 'ba'alat-ov' means 'wife of Abner', 've'elech' means 'and I will go', 'eleha' means 'to her', 've'edrasha ba' means 'and I will inquire of her', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'avadav' means 'his servants', 'elav' means 'to him', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'be'eyn' means 'in the sight', 'dor' means 'a generation'.
[1SA.28.8] And Saul searched, and he put on other clothes, and he went, and two men with him, and they came to the woman at night, and he said, 'Cover me now with the veil, and bring to me what I am saying to you.' [§]
vayitchapes Shaul vayilbash begadim acherim vayelekh hu ushnei anashim imo vayavo'u el-haisa layla vayomer kasomi-na li baov veha'ali li et asher-omar elayich.
'vayitchapes' means 'and he searched', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'vayilbash' means 'and he put on', 'begadim' means 'clothes', 'acherim' means 'other', 'vayelekh' means 'and he went', 'hu' means 'he', 'ushnei' means 'two', 'anashim' means 'men', 'imo' means 'with him', 'vayavo\'u' means 'and they came', 'el-haisa' means 'to the woman', 'layla' means 'at night', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'kasomi-na' means 'cover me now', 'li' means 'to me', 'baov' means 'in the veil', 'veha\'ali' means 'and bring up', 'li' means 'to me', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'asher-omar' means 'that which I say', 'elayich' means 'to you (female)'.
[1SA.28.9] And the woman said to him, Behold, you know what Saul did, cutting off the goats and the young goats from the land; and why do you purify yourself for my sake, to kill me? [§]
vatomer ha'isha elav hineh attah yada'ta et asher-asah Shaul asher hicrit et ha'ovot ve'et ha'yidd'oni min ha'aretz ve'lamah attah mitnakeish benafshi lehamiteni.
'vatomer' means 'and she said', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'elav' means 'to him', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'attah' means 'you', 'yada'ta' means 'knew', 'et' is the direct‑object marker, 'asher-asah' means 'what ... did', 'Shaul' is the personal name 'Saul', 'asher' (second occurrence) means 'who', 'hicrit' means 'cut off', 'et' again marks the object, 'ha'ovot' means 'the goats', 've'et' means 'and', 'ha'yidd'oni' means 'the young goats', 'min' means 'from', 'ha'aretz' means 'the land', 've'lamah' means 'and why', 'attah' again 'you', 'mitnakeish' means 'purify yourself', 'benafshi' means 'for my soul', 'lehamiteni' means 'to kill me'.
[1SA.28.10] And Saul swore to her by Yahweh, saying, 'Yahweh lives! If you will bring guilt in this matter.' [§]
Vayishava lah Shaul baYahweh le'emor chai-Yahweh im yikrek avon badavar hazeh.
'Vayishava' means 'and he swore', 'lah' means 'to her', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'baYahweh' means 'in Yahweh' (the proper name of God), 'le'emor' means 'saying', 'chai-Yahweh' means 'Yahweh lives' (an oath formula meaning 'by the living Yahweh'), 'im' means 'if', 'yikrek' means 'you will bring' (future singular), 'avon' means 'guilt' or 'iniquity', 'badavar' means 'in the matter', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[1SA.28.11] And the woman said, 'Whom shall I bring for you?' And he said, 'Samuel, bring [him] to me.' [§]
Vato'amer ha'isha et-mi a'aleh-lakh vayomar et-Shmuel ha'ali-li.
'Vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'ha'isha' means 'the woman', 'et-mi' means 'whom', 'a'aleh-lakh' means 'shall I bring for you', 'vayomar' means 'and he said', 'et-Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'ha'ali-li' means 'bring up for me' (imperative).
[1SA.28.12] And the woman saw Samuel, and she cried with a loud voice, and the woman said to Saul, saying, Why have you mocked me, and you, Saul. [§]
Vatere haisha et Shmuel vatzak beqol gadol vatomer haisha el Shaul leemor lama rimittani ve'ata Shaul.
'Vatere' means 'and she saw', 'haisha' means 'the woman', 'et Shmuel' introduces the object 'Samuel', 'vatzak' means 'and she cried', 'beqol' means 'with a voice', 'gadol' means 'great' or 'loud', 'vatomer' means 'and she said', the second 'haisha' repeats 'the woman', 'el Shaul' means 'to Saul', 'leemor' is a particle meaning 'to say' introducing speech, 'lama' means 'why', 'rimittani' means 'have you mocked me', 've'ata' means 'and you', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul'.
[1SA.28.13] And the king said to her, 'Do not be afraid, for what have you seen?' And the woman said to Saul, 'I have seen the Gods rising from the earth.' [§]
Vayomer lah ha-melekh al-tirei ki mah ra'it vata'omer ha-isha el-Shaul Elohim ra'iti olim min ha-aretz.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'ha-melekh' means 'the king', 'al-tirei' means 'do not be afraid', 'ki' means 'for', 'mah' means 'what', 'ra'it' means 'you saw', 'vata'omer' means 'and she said', 'ha-isha' means 'the woman', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'ra'iti' means 'I have seen', 'olim' means 'rising/ascending', 'min' means 'from', 'ha-aretz' means 'the earth'.
[1SA.28.14] And he said to her, 'What is it?', and she said, 'An old man is going up and he is wearing a mantle, and Saul knew that it was Samuel, and he bowed his feet to the earth and bowed down.' [§]
vayomer lah mah-ta'ro vato'amer ish zaken oleh vehu othe meil vayeda Shaul ki Shmuel hu vayikod affayim aratzah vayishtachu.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lah' means 'to her', 'mah-ta'ro' means 'what [is it]?', 'vato'amer' means 'and she said', 'ish' means 'man', 'zaken' means 'old', 'oleh' means 'going up', 'vehu' means 'and he', 'othe' means 'wearing', 'meil' means 'a mantle', 'vayeda' means 'and he knew', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'ki' means 'that', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'hu' means 'he', 'vayikod' means 'and he bowed', 'affayim' means 'feet', 'aratzah' means 'the earth', 'vayishtachu' means 'and he bowed down'.
[1SA.28.15] And Samuel said to Saul, Why have you troubled me to lift me up? And Saul said, I am in great distress, and the Philistines are fighting against me, and the Gods have turned away from me and have not answered me again, also by the hand of the prophets and also in dreams. I called to you to inform me what I shall do. [§]
Vayomer Shmuel el-Shaul lamah hirgaztani leha'alot oti vayomer Shaul tsar-li meod ufelishtim nilchamim bi veElohim sar me'alai ve'lo-anani od gam be-yad-hannevi'im gam-ba-chalomot vaekra'eh lecha lehodieeni mah eeseh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shmuel' means 'Samuel', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'lamah' means 'why', 'hirgaztani' means 'you have troubled me', 'leha'alot' means 'to lift up', 'oti' means 'me', 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'Shaul' is Saul, 'tsar-li' means 'distress to me', 'meod' means 'very', 'ufelishtim' means 'and the Philistines', 'nilchamim' means 'are fighting', 'bi' means 'against me', 'veElohim' means 'and the Gods', 'sar' means 'has turned away', 'me'alai' means 'from me', 've'lo-anani' means 'and has not answered me', 'od' means 'again', 'gam' means 'also', 'be-yad-hannevi'im' means 'by the hand of the prophets', 'gam-ba-chalomot' means 'also in dreams', 'vaekra'eh' means 'and I called', 'lecha' means 'to you', 'lehodieeni' means 'to inform me', 'mah' means 'what', 'eeseh' means 'shall I do'.
[1SA.28.16] And Samuel said, why do you ask me, and Yahveh has turned away from you, and your city was. [§]
vayomer shmuel ve-lamah tisholeni vayahveh sar me'alekha vayhi arekha.
'vayomer' means 'and said', 'shmuel' means 'Samuel', 've-lamah' means 'and why', 'tisholeni' means 'do you ask me', 'vayahveh' means 'and Yahveh' (YHVH translated as Yahveh), 'sar' means 'has turned away', 'me'alekha' means 'from you', 'vayhi' means 'and it was', 'arekha' means 'your city'.
[1SA.28.17] And Yahveh did for him as he had spoken by my hand, and Yahveh tore the kingdom from your hand and gave it to your companion for David. [§]
Vayyas Yahveh lo ka'asher diber be-yadi vayyiqra Yahveh et-hammamlachah mi-yadekha vayittenah le-re'aka le-David.
'Vayyas' means 'and he did' (the conjunction and verb in vav-consecutive). 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHVH. 'lo' means 'to/for him'. 'ka'asher' means 'as' or 'like what'. 'diber' means 'he spoke'. 'be-yadi' means 'by my hand' (be = by, yadi = my hand). 'vayyiqra' means 'and He tore/ripped'. The second 'Yahveh' again translates the divine name. 'et-hammamlachah' means 'the kingdom' (et = accusative marker, ha-mamlachah = the kingdom). 'mi-yadekha' means 'from your hand' (mi = from, yadekha = your hand). 'vayittenah' means 'and He gave it' (the feminine pronoun refers to the kingdom). 'le-re'aka' means 'to your companion' or 'to your friend' (le = to, re'aka = your companion). 'le-David' means 'to David' (le = to, David = the name).
[1SA.28.18] As you did not hear the voice of Yahveh and you did not do his wrath against Amalek, therefore this thing Yahveh has done for you this day. [§]
Ka'asher lo-shamta beqol Yahveh ve'lo-asita charon-apo ba'amalek al-ken hadavar hazeh asah-lecha Yahveh hayom hazeh.
'Ka'asher' means 'as', 'lo' means 'not', 'shamta' means 'you heard', 'beqol' means 'in the voice of', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'asita' means 'you did', 'charon-apo' means 'his wrath', 'ba'amalek' means 'against Amalek', 'al-ken' means 'therefore', 'hadavar' means 'this thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'asah-lecha' means 'has done for you', 'Yahveh' again the name of God, 'hayom' means 'today', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[1SA.28.19] And Yahveh will also give Israel with you into the hand of the Philistines, and tomorrow you and your sons with me also, the camp of Israel Yahveh will give into the hand of the Philistines. [§]
Veyiten Yahveh gam et-Yisrael imcha be-yad-Philistim u-machar attah u-vanekha immi gam et-mahane Yisrael yiten Yahveh be-yad-Philistim.
'Veyiten' means 'and will give', 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of YHVH, 'gam' means 'also', 'et-Yisrael' means 'Israel' (the direct object marker et is included for literalness), 'imcha' means 'with you', 'be-yad-Philistim' means 'into the hand of the Philistines', 'u-machar' means 'and tomorrow', 'attah' means 'you', 'u-vanekha' means 'and your sons', 'immi' means 'with me', 'gam' again 'also', 'et-mahane' means 'the camp of', 'Yisrael' again 'Israel', 'yiten' means 'will give', 'Yahveh' again the divine name, 'be-yad-Philistim' again 'into the hand of the Philistines'.
[1SA.28.20] And Saul hurried and fell full of his strength to the ground and was very afraid of the words of Samuel; also strength was not in him because he had not eaten bread all the day and all the night. [§]
Vaymaher Shaul vayipol melo-komato eretzah vayira meod midivrei Shmuel gam-koach lo hayah bo ki lo achal lechem kol hayom vechol halayla.
'Vaymaher' means 'and he hurried', 'Shaul' is the name Saul, 'vayipol' means 'and he fell', 'melo' means 'full', 'komato' means 'of his strength', 'eretzah' means 'to the ground', 'vayira' means 'and he was afraid', 'meod' means 'very', 'midivrei' means 'of the words', 'Shmuel' is the name Samuel, 'gam' means 'also', 'koach' means 'strength', 'lo' means 'not', 'hayah' means 'was', 'bo' means 'in him', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo' means 'not', 'achal' means 'he ate', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'kol' means 'all', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'vechol' means 'and all', 'halayla' means 'the night'.
[1SA.28.21] And the woman came to Saul and saw that he was very angry, and she said to him, Behold, your maidservant has heard your voice; I will lay my soul upon my hand and I will hear the words which you have spoken to me. [§]
Vattavo haisha el Shaul vateer ki nivhal meod vatoamer elav hineh shamah shipchatka beqoleka va'asim nafshi bechapi va'eshma et-devarecha asher dibarta elai.
'Vattavo' means 'and (she) came', 'haisha' means 'the woman', 'el' means 'to', 'Shaul' is the proper name Saul, 'vateer' means 'and (she) saw', 'ki' means 'that', 'nivhal' means 'he was angry', 'meod' means 'very', 'vatoamer' means 'and (she) said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'hineh' means 'behold', 'shamah' means 'she heard', 'shipchatka' means 'your maidservant', 'beqoleka' means 'in your voice', 'va'asim' means 'and I will lay', 'nafshi' means 'my soul', 'bechapi' means 'upon my hand', 'va'eshma' means 'and I will hear', 'et-devarecha' means 'your words', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'dibarta' means 'you spoke', 'elai' means 'to me'.
[1SA.28.22] And now, listen please, also you, in the voice of your maid; and I will set before you a piece of bread and you will eat, and may there be strength in you, because you shall go on the road. [§]
ve'atta shema-na gam-atta b'kol shifchatecha ve'issimah lefanekha pat-lekhem ve'ekhol vihe bekha koach ki telekh baderekha.
've'atta' means 'and now', 'shema-na' means 'listen please', 'gam-atta' means 'also you', 'b'kol' means 'in the voice', 'shifchatecha' means 'of your maid', 've'issimah' means 'and I will set', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'pat-lekhem' means 'a piece of bread', 've'ekhol' means 'and you will eat', 'vihe' means 'and may it be', 'bekha' means 'in you', 'koach' means 'strength', 'ki' means 'because', 'telekh' means 'you shall go', 'baderekha' means 'on the road'.
[1SA.28.23] And he refused and said, "Not I will eat," and they broke it, his servants, and also the woman; and he listened to their voice, and he rose from the ground and sat on the bed. [§]
Va-yema'en Va-yo'mer Lo Okhal Va-yifretzu-bo Avadav Ve-gam ha'isha Va-yishma' Le'kolam Va-yakam Meha'aretz Va-yeshev El ha-mitah.
'Va-yema'en' means 'and he refused', 'Va-yo'mer' means 'and he said', 'Lo' means 'not', 'Okhal' means 'I will eat', 'Va-yifretzu-bo' means 'and they broke it', 'Avadav' means 'his servants', 'Ve-gam ha'isha' means 'and also the woman', 'Va-yishma'' means 'and he listened', 'Le'kolam' means 'to their voice', 'Va-yakam' means 'and he rose', 'Meha'aretz' means 'from the ground', 'Va-yeshev' means 'and he sat', 'El ha-mitah' means 'to the bed'.
[1SA.28.24] And the woman gave a calf for a feast in the house; and she hurried, slaughtered it, took flour, kneaded it, and baked it into cakes. [§]
ve-la'isha egel-marbek ba-bayit va-t'maher va-tizbachehu va-tikach kemach va-talash va-tofehu matzot.
've' means 'and', 'la'isha' means 'to the woman', 'egel' means 'calf' or 'young bull', 'marbek' refers to a calf that is to be prepared for a feast, 'ba-bayit' means 'in the house', 'va-t'maher' means 'and she hurried', 'va-tizbachehu' means 'and she slaughtered it', 'va-tikach' means 'and she took', 'kemach' means 'flour', 'va-talash' means 'and she kneaded it', 'va-tofehu' means 'and she baked it', 'matzot' means 'cakes' or 'baked goods'.
[1SA.28.25] And she approached before Saul and before his servants, and they ate, and they rose, and they went that night. [§]
vataggesh lifnei shau'al ve-lifnei avadai vayochlu vayyaku mu vayelekhu balaylah hahhu
'vataggesh' means 'and she approached', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'shau'al' means 'Saul', 've-lifnei' means 'and before', 'avadai' means 'his servants', 'vayochlu' means 'they ate', 'vayyaku mu' means 'they rose', 'vayelekhu' means 'they went', 'balaylah' means 'the night', 'hahhu' means 'that (night)'.
1SA.29
[1SA.29.1] The Philistines gathered all their camps at Aphek, and Israel camped at the spring that is in Jezreel. [§]
vayikbetsu pelishtim et-kol-machanehem afekah veyisrael chonim baayin asher beyizrael.
'vayikbetsu' means 'and they gathered', 'pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'et-kol-machanehem' means 'all their camps', 'afekah' is the place name 'Aphek', 'veyisrael' means 'and Israel', 'chonim' means 'camped', 'baayin' means 'at the spring', 'asher' means 'that', 'beyizrael' means 'in Jezreel'.
[1SA.29.2] And the Philistine soldiers passing by hundreds and by thousands, and David and his men passing in the rear with Achish. [§]
ve-sarnei pelishtim ovrim le-meot ve-laalafim ve-David va-anashav ovrim ba-achronah im-ochish.
've' means 'and', 'sarnei' means 'the soldiers', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'ovrim' means 'passing' or 'going', 'le-meot' means 'by hundreds', 've-laalafim' means 'and by thousands', 've-David' means 'and David', 'va-anashav' means 'and his men', 'ovrim' again means 'passing', 'ba-achronah' means 'in the rear' or 'behind', 'im-ochish' means 'with Achish'.
[1SA.29.3] And the Philistine chiefs said, 'What are these Hebrews?' And Akish said to the Philistine chiefs, 'Is this not David, the servant of Saul, king of Israel, who has been with me these days or these years? And I have not found in him any defect from the day he fell until this day.' [§]
Vayomru sarei Pelishtim ma ha'ivrim ha'elleh vayomer Akish el-sarei Pelishtim halo zeh David eved Shaul melekh Yisrael asher haya itti zeh yamim o zeh shanim velo matzati bo me'umah miyom naplo ad hayom hazeh.
'Vayomru' means 'and they said', 'sarei' means 'chiefs', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'ma' means 'what', 'ha'ivrim' means 'the Hebrews', 'ha'elleh' means 'these', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Akish' is a personal name, 'el-sarei' means 'to the chiefs', 'halo' means 'is not', 'zeh' means 'this', 'David' is a personal name, 'eved' means 'servant', 'Shaul' is a personal name, 'melekh' means 'king', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'who', 'haya' means 'was', 'itti' means 'with me', 'zeh yamim' means 'these days', 'o' means 'or', 'zeh shanim' means 'these years', 'velo' means 'and not', 'matzati' means 'I have found', 'bo' means 'in him', 'me'umah' means 'any defect', 'miyom' means 'from the day', 'naplo' means 'he fell', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[1SA.29.4] And the chiefs of the Philistines were angry against him and said to him, 'Chiefs of the Philistines, return the man and let him go back to his place that you appointed there, and he will not go down with us into battle, nor will he be for us a devil in battle; and for what will this desire his Lord, is it not in the heads of these men?' [§]
Vayiketzfu alav sarei Pelishtim vayomru lo sarei Pelishtim hashev et haish veyashov el mekomo asher hapaqadtó sham velo yered imanu bamilchamah velo yihyeh-lanu lesatan bamilchamah uvméh yitrátzé zeh el-adonav halo be-rashei ha'anashim hahem.
'Vayiketzfu' means 'and they were angry', 'alav' means 'against him', 'sarei' means 'chiefs', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'hashev' means 'return', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'haish' means 'the man', 'veyashov' means 'and he will return', 'el' means 'to', 'mekomo' means 'his place', 'asher' means 'that', 'hapaqadtó' means 'you appointed', 'sham' means 'there', 'velo' means 'and not', 'yered' means 'will go down', 'imanu' means 'with us', 'bamilchamah' means 'in the battle', 'velo' again 'and not', 'yihyeh' means 'will be', 'lanu' means 'to us', 'lesatan' means 'as a devil', 'bamilchamah' again 'in the battle', 'uvméh' means 'and for what', 'yitrátzé' means 'will he desire', 'zeh' means 'this', 'el' means 'to', 'adonav' means 'his Lord' (Adonai rendered as my Lord, here possessive), 'halo' means 'is it not', 'be-rashei' means 'in the heads of', 'ha'anashim' means 'the men', 'hahem' means 'these'.
[1SA.29.5] Is not this David, about whom they answer in the fields, saying: Saul has struck in his thousands, and David in his multitudes. [§]
Halo zeh David asher yaanu lo ba-mecholot leemor hikka Saul ba'alafav veDavid be'ribbovat
'Halo' means 'Is not', 'zeh' means 'this', 'David' is the name David, 'asher' means 'who/that', 'yaanu' means 'they answer', 'lo' means 'to him', 'ba-mecholot' means 'in the fields', 'leemor' means 'to say', 'hikka' means 'has struck', 'Saul' is the name Saul, 'ba'alafav' means 'in his thousands', 'veDavid' means 'and David', 'be'ribbovat' means 'in his multitudes/tens of thousands'.
[1SA.29.6] And Ahitophel called David and said to him, Yahveh lives, for you are upright and good in my eyes, your going out and your coming in with me in the camp, for I have not found any evil in you from the day you came to me until this day, and in the eyes of the nobles you are not good. [§]
vayikra achish el-David vayomer elav chai Yahveh ki-yashar attah ve-tov be-einai tze'etecha uvo'kha itti bamachaneh ki lo-matzati becha ra'ah miyom bo'kha elai ad-hayom hazeh uve'einei ha-seranim lo-tov attah
'vayikra' means 'and he called', 'achish' means 'Ahitophel', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'chai' means 'lives', 'Yahveh' is the divine name YHVH rendered as Yahveh, 'ki-yashar' means 'for you are upright', 'attah' means 'you', 've-tov' means 'and good', 'be-einai' means 'in my eyes', 'tze'etecha' means 'your going out', 'uvo'kha' means 'and your coming in', 'itti' means 'with me', 'bamachaneh' means 'in the camp', 'ki' means 'because', 'lo-matzati' means 'I have not found', 'becha' means 'in you', 'ra'ah' means 'evil', 'miyom' means 'from the day', 'bo'kha' means 'you came', 'elai' means 'to me', 'ad-hayom' means 'until this day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'uve'einei' means 'in the eyes of', 'ha-seranim' means 'the nobles', 'lo-tov' means 'not good', 'attah' means 'you'.
[1SA.29.7] Now return and go in peace, and do not do evil in the sight of the Philistine officials. [§]
ve'atah shuv ve'lech b'shalom ve'lo-ta'ase ra be'einei sarnai p'lishtim.
"ve'atah" means "and now", "shuv" means "return", "ve'lech" means "and go", "b'shalom" means "in peace", "ve'lo-ta'ase" means "and do not do", "ra" means "evil", "be'einei" means "in the sight of", "sarnai" means "the officials" (literally "the chiefs"), "p'lishtim" means "the Philistines".
[1SA.29.8] And David said to Akish, 'What have I done, and what have you found in your servant since the day I was before you until this day, that I will not return and fight the enemies of my Lord the king.' [§]
Vayomer David el-Akich ki meh asiti u-mah matzata beavdecha miyom asher hayiti lefanekha ad hayom hazeh ki lo avo v'nilchamti beoyvei Adoni haMelekh.
'Vayomer' means 'and said', 'David' is the personal name David, 'el-Akich' means 'to Akish', 'ki' means 'because' or 'for', 'meh' means 'what', 'asiti' means 'I have done', 'u-mah' means 'and what', 'matzata' means 'you have found', 'beavdecha' means 'in your servant', 'miyom' means 'since the day', 'asher' means 'that', 'hayiti' means 'I was', 'lefanekha' means 'before you', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ki' means 'that', 'lo' means 'not', 'avo' means 'I will return', 'v'nilchamti' means 'and I will fight', 'beoyvei' means 'against the enemies of', 'Adoni' means 'my Lord', 'haMelekh' means 'the king'.
[1SA.29.9] And Akish answered and said to David, I know that you are good in my eyes like an angel of the Gods, but the princes of the Philistines said that he would not go up with us into the war. [§]
vayan Akish vayomer el David yadata ki tov attah be eynai ke malakh Elohim akh sarei Philistim amru lo yaaleh imanu ba milchamah.
'vayan' means 'and answered', 'Akish' is a proper name, 'vayomer' means 'and said', 'el' means 'to', 'David' is a proper name, 'yadata' means 'I know', 'ki' means 'that', 'tov' means 'good', 'attah' means 'you', 'be eynai' means 'in my eyes', 'ke' means 'like', 'malakh' means 'angel', 'Elohim' means 'the Gods', 'akh' means 'but', 'sarei' means 'princes of', 'Philistim' means 'the Philistines', 'amru' means 'they said', 'lo' means 'not', 'yaaleh' means 'will go up', 'imanu' means 'with us', 'ba milchamah' means 'in the war'.
[1SA.29.10] And now arise in the morning, and the servants of your Lord who have come with you; and you shall arise in the morning, and light for you, and go. [§]
ve'atta hashkem baboker ve'avdey adonecha asher-bau itach ve'hishkamtam baboker ve'or lachem va'lechu.
've'atta' means 'and now', 'hashkem' means 'arise', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 've'avdey' means 'and the servants of', 'adonecha' means 'your Lord' (the divine name Adonai is rendered literally as 'my Lord'), 'asher-bau' means 'who have come', 'itach' means 'with you', 've'hishkamtam' means 'and you shall arise', 've'or' means 'and light', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'va'lechu' means 'and go'.
[1SA.29.11] And David rose, and his men went to go in the morning to return to the land of the Philistines, and the Philistines went up to Jezreel. [§]
Vayyashkem David hu va'anashav lellechet baboker lashuv el eretz Peleshtim uPeleshtim alu Yizreel.
'Vayyashkem' means 'and he rose', 'David' is the personal name David, 'hu' means 'he', 'va'anashav' means 'and his men', 'lel lechet' means 'to go', 'baboker' means 'in the morning', 'lashuv' means 'to return', 'el eretz' means 'to the land', 'Peleshtim' means 'of the Philistines', 'uPeleshtim' means 'and the Philistines', 'alu' means 'went up', 'Yizreel' means 'to Jezreel'.
1SA.30
[1SA.30.1] And it happened when David and his men came to Ziklag on the third day, and the Amalekites spread out to Nageb and to Ziklag; they struck Ziklag and burned it with fire. [§]
Vayehi bevo David va'anashav tziklag bayom hashlishi vaamaleki pashtu el-nega ve el-tziklag vayakku et-tziklag vayisrefu otah baesh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'bevo' means 'when (he) came', 'David' is the proper name David, 'va'anashav' means 'and his men', 'tziklag' is the place Ziklag, 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hashlishi' means 'the third', 'vaamaleki' means 'and the Amalekites', 'pashtu' means 'spread out', 'el-nega' means 'to Nageb', 've' means 'and', 'el-tziklag' means 'to Ziklag', 'vayakku' means 'they struck', 'et-tziklag' marks Ziklag as the object, 'vayisrefu' means 'they burned', 'otah' means 'it', 'baesh' means 'with fire'.
[1SA.30.2] And they led away the women who were in it, from the little ones to the great, they did not kill any man, and they guided them, and they went on their way. [§]
vayishbu et-hannashim asher bah mikaton ve'ad gadol lo hemitu ish vayinha'gu vayelchu le-darkam.
'vayishbu' means 'and they led away', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'hannashim' means 'the women', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'bah' means 'were in it', 'mikaton' means 'from small', 've'ad' means 'and up to', 'gadol' means 'large', 'lo' means 'not', 'hemitu' means 'they killed', 'ish' means 'a man', 'vayinha'gu' means 'and they guided/lead', 'vayelchu' means 'and they went', 'le-darkam' means 'in their way'.
[1SA.30.3] And David and his men came to the city, and behold, it was burning with fire, and its women and its sons and its daughters were taken. [§]
Vayyavo David va-anashav el ha'ir vehineh serupah baesh u'n'sheihu u'venei'hu u'venotav nishbu.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he came', 'David' is the proper name David, 'va-anashav' means 'and his men', 'el' means 'to', 'ha'ir' means 'the city', 'vehineh' means 'and behold', 'serupah' means 'it was burning', 'baesh' means 'with fire', 'u'n'sheihu' means 'and its women', 'u'venei'hu' means 'and its sons', 'u'venotav' means 'and its daughters', 'nishbu' means 'were taken captive'.
[1SA.30.4] And David and the people who were with him raised their voices and wept until there was no strength left in them to weep. [§]
Vayisa David vehaam asher-ito et kolam vayivku ad asher ein bahem koach libchot.
'Vayisa' means 'and he lifted/raised', 'David' is the name David, 'vehaam' means 'and the people', 'asher-ito' means 'who were with him', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'kolam' means 'their voice', 'vayivku' means 'and they wept', 'ad' means 'until', 'asher' means 'that/which', 'ein' means 'there was not', 'bahem' means 'in them', 'koach' means 'strength', 'libchot' means 'to weep'.
[1SA.30.5] And the two wives of David were taken captive: Achinoam the Izreelit, and Avigayil, the wife of Nabal the Carmelite. [§]
Ushetei neshei David nishbu Achinoam hayizreelit veAvigayil eshet Naval hakarmeli.
'Ushetei' means 'and two', 'neshei' means 'wives of', 'David' is the name David, 'nishbu' means 'were taken captive', 'Achinoam' is a proper name, 'hayizreelit' means 'the Izreelit (woman from Izrael)', 'veAvigayil' means 'and Avigayil', 'eshet' means 'wife of', 'Naval' is the name Nabal, 'hakarmeli' means 'the Carmelite'.
[1SA.30.6] David was very distressed because the people said to cut him off, for the soul of the whole people was bitter; each man upon his son and upon his daughters; and David strengthened himself in Yahveh his God. [§]
vatezer leDavid meod ki amru haam lesaklo ki marah nefesh kol haam ish al bano veal benotav vayitchazek David baYahveh Elohimav
'vatezer' means 'was distressed', 'leDavid' means 'to David', 'meod' means 'very', 'ki' means 'because', 'amru' means 'they said', 'haam' means 'the people', 'lesaklo' means 'to cut him off', 'marah' means 'bitter', 'nefesh' means 'soul', 'kol' means 'all', 'ish' means 'man', 'al' means 'upon', 'bano' means 'his son', 'veal' means 'and upon', 'benotav' means 'his daughters', 'vayitchazek' means 'and he strengthened', 'baYahveh' means 'in Yahveh' (YHVH rendered as Yahveh), 'Elohimav' means 'his Gods' (Elohim rendered as the Gods).
[1SA.30.7] And David said to Evyatar the priest, son of Achimelech, "Please bring me the ephod." And Evyatar brought the ephod to David. [§]
Vayomer David el Evyatar ha kohen ben Achimelech ha gisha na li ha efod vayagesh Evyatar et ha efod el David.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'David' is the name David, 'el' means 'to', 'Evyatar' is the name Evyatar, 'ha' means 'the', 'kohen' means 'priest', 'ben' means 'son of', 'Achimelech' is the name Achimelech, 'ha' again 'the', 'gisha' means 'bring', 'na' is a polite particle 'please', 'li' means 'to me', 'ha' again 'the', 'efod' means 'ephod', 'vayagesh' means 'and he brought', 'Evyatar' repeats the name, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha' again 'the', 'efod' repeats 'ephod', 'el' means 'to', 'David' repeats the name.
[1SA.30.8] David asked Yahveh, saying, 'Shall I pursue after this troop, the one who has escaped?' And He said to him, 'Pursue, for the one who catches will catch, and the one who saves will save.' [§]
Vayishal David baYahveh leemor Erdof acharei haGedud-hazeh haashigenu vayomer lo Rdf ki haseg tasig vehatzel tatzil.
'Vayishal' means 'and he asked', 'David' is the name David, 'baYahveh' translates the name YHVH as 'Yahveh', 'leemor' means 'saying', 'Erdof' means 'I will pursue', 'acharei' means 'after', 'haGedud' means 'the troop', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'haashigenu' means 'the one who has escaped', 'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'Rdf' means 'pursue', 'ki' means 'for', 'haseg' means 'the one who catches', 'tasig' means 'you will catch', 'vehatzel' means 'and the one who saves', 'tatzil' means 'you will save'.
[1SA.30.9] And David went, he and six hundred men who were with him, and they came to the Brook of Besor, and the remaining stood. [§]
Vayeilekh David hu ve'shesh-me'ot ish asher ito vayavo ad-nachal habesor vehannotarem amad.
'Vayeilekh' means 'and went', 'David' is the personal name David, 'hu' means 'he', 've'shesh-me'ot' means 'and six hundred', 'ish' means 'men', 'asher' means 'who', 'ito' means 'with him', 'vayavo' means 'and they came', 'ad' means 'to', 'nachal' means 'brook', 'habesor' means 'the Besor', 've' means 'and', 'hannotarem' means 'the remaining', 'amad' means 'stood'.
[1SA.30.10] And David pursued; it was four hundred men, and two hundred men who had crossed the Besor stream stood (there). [§]
Va-yirdef David hu ve-arba-me'ot ish va-ya'amdu me'atai ish asher pigru me'avor et-nachal ha-Besor.
'Va-yirdef' means 'and pursued', 'David' is the personal name David, 'hu' means 'he', 've-arba-me'ot' means 'and four hundred', 'ish' means 'men', 'va-ya'amdu' means 'and they stood', 'me'atai' means 'two hundred', 'asher' means 'who', 'pigru' means 'crossed', 'me'avor' means 'to pass over', 'et-nachal' means 'the stream', 'ha-Besor' means 'the Besor'.
[1SA.30.11] And they found an Egyptian man in the field, and they took him to David, and they gave him bread, and he ate, and they gave him water. [§]
Vayimtze'u ish-Mitzri ba-sadeh vayikchu oto el-David vayitnu-lo lechem vayokhal vayashquhu mayim.
'Vayimtze'u' means 'and they found', 'ish-Mitzri' means 'an Egyptian man', 'ba-sadeh' means 'in the field', 'vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'oto' means 'him', 'el-David' means 'to David', 'vayitnu-lo' means 'and they gave to him', 'lechem' means 'bread', 'vayokhal' means 'and he ate', 'vayashquhu' means 'and they gave him water', 'mayim' means 'water'.
[1SA.30.12] And they gave him a slice of double and two spoon-like pieces, and he ate, and his spirit returned to him, because he had not eaten bread nor drunk water for three days and three nights. [§]
vayyitnu-lo pelach d'vla u-shenei tzimmukim vayo'chal vatashev rucho elav ki lo achal lechem velo shata mayim shlosha yamim u-shlosha leilot.
"vayyitnu-lo" means "and they gave him", "pelach" means "a slice" or "piece", "d'vla" means "double" (a term for a portion), "u-shenei" means "and two", "tzimmukim" means "spoon-like pieces" (a measure of food), "vayo'chal" means "and he ate", "vatashev" means "and returned", "rucho" means "his spirit", "elav" means "to him", "ki" means "because", "lo achal" means "did not eat", "lechem" means "bread", "velo shata" means "did not drink", "mayim" means "water", "shlosha" means "three", "yamim" means "days", "u-shlosha" means "and three", "leilot" means "nights".
[1SA.30.13] And David said to him, 'Who are you, and where are you from?' And the Egyptian youth said, 'I am a servant of a man of Amalek, and my Lord has left me because I am weary today three.' [§]
vayomer lo David le-mi attah ve'ei mizzeh attah vayomer na'ar Mitzri anochi eved le'ish Amaleki vayiazbeni adoni ki chaliti hayom shlosha.
'vayomer' means 'and he said', 'lo' means 'to him', 'David' is the name David, 'le-mi' means 'to whom', 'attah' means 'are you', 've'ei' means 'and where', 'mizzeh' means 'from this', 'attah' again 'are you', 'vayomer' again 'and he said', 'na'ar' means 'a youth' or 'boy', 'Mitzri' means 'Egyptian', 'anochi' means 'I', 'eved' means 'servant', 'le'ish' means 'to a man', 'Amaleki' means 'of Amalek', 'vayiazbeni' means 'and he left me' or 'abandoned me', 'adoni' translates as 'my Lord', 'ki' means 'because', 'chaliti' means 'I have become weak' or 'I am weary', 'hayom' means 'today', 'shlosha' means 'three' (often indicating three days).
[1SA.30.14] We have stretched the southern region of the Cherethites, and against Judah, and the southern region of Kalev, and we burned Ziklag with fire. [§]
Anachnu pashtnu negev haKreti ve'al asher liYehudah ve'al negev Kalev ve'et Ziklag sarapnu baesh.
'Anachnu' means 'we', 'pashtnu' means 'we have spread' or 'stretched', 'negev' means 'south' or 'southern region', 'haKreti' means 'the Cherethite' (referring to the Cherethite people), 've'al' means 'and against' or 'and upon', 'asher' means 'that which is' or functions as a connector, 'liYehudah' means 'to Judah' or 'of Judah', 've'al negev Kalev' means 'and upon the southern region of Kalev', 've'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'Ziklag' is a place name, 'sarapnu' means 'we burned', and 'baesh' means 'with fire'.
[1SA.30.15] And David said to him, 'Will you bring me down to this tower?' And he said, 'Swear to me in the Gods if you will kill me, and if you will bind me by the hand of my Lord, and I will bring you down to this tower.' [§]
Vayomer elav David hatordeni el-haggedud hazeh vayomer hishevah li beElohim im temiteni ve'im tasgireni beYad-Adoni ve'ordeka el-haggedud hazeh.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'elav' means 'to him', 'David' is the name David, 'hatordeni' means 'will you bring me down', 'el-haggedud' means 'to the tower', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'hishevah' means 'swear', 'li' means 'to me', 'beElohim' means 'in the Gods' (Elohim = the Gods), 'im' means 'if', 'temiteni' means 'you will kill me', 've'im' means 'and if', 'tasgireni' means 'you will bind me', 'beYad-Adoni' means 'by the hand of my Lord' (Adoni = my Lord), 've'ordeka' means 'and I will bring you down', again 'el-haggedud hazeh' means 'to this tower'.
[1SA.30.16] And he brought him down, and behold, they were scattered over all the earth, eating and drinking and making merry with all the great spoil that they took from the land of the Philistines and from the land of Judah. [§]
vayoredhu vehine netushim al-pnei kol-haaretz okhlim ve'shotim ve'chogegim bekhol hashlaal hagadol asher lakhu me'eretz pelishtim u'me'eretz yehudah
'vayoredhu' means 'and he brought him down', 'vehine' means 'and behold', 'netushim' means 'they were scattered', 'al-pnei' means 'upon the face of', 'kol-haaretz' means 'all the earth', 'okhlim' means 'eating', 've'shotim' means 'and drinking', 've'chogegim' means 'and making merry', 'bekhol' means 'in all', 'hashlaal' means 'the spoil', 'hagadol' means 'the great', 'asher' means 'that', 'lakhu' means 'they took', 'me'eretz' means 'from the land of', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'u'me'eretz' means 'and from the land of', 'yehudah' means 'Judah'.
[1SA.30.17] And David struck them from the ambush until evening for the next day, and not a man escaped from them except four hundred young men who rode on the mules and fled. [§]
Vayikhem David mehaneshef ve'ad haerev lemacharotam velo nimlat mehem ish ki im arba meot ish na'ar asher rakvu al hagemalim vayanusu.
'Vayikhem' means 'and he struck', 'David' is the name David, 'mehaneshef' means 'from the ambush', 've'ad' means 'and until', 'haerev' means 'the evening', 'lemacharotam' means 'for their tomorrow', 'velo' means 'and not', 'nimlat' means 'escaped', 'mehem' means 'from them', 'ish' means 'a man', 'ki' means 'except', 'im' means 'if', 'arba' means 'four', 'meot' means 'hundred', 'ish' means 'men', 'na'ar' means 'young', 'asher' means 'who', 'rakvu' means 'rode', 'al' means 'on', 'hagemalim' means 'the mules', 'vayanusu' means 'and they fled'.
[1SA.30.18] And David rescued all that Amalek had taken, and David rescued his two wives. [§]
va-yatzeil David et kol-asher lakchu Amalek ve-et shtei nashav hi-tzil David.
'va-' means 'and', 'yatzeil' means 'saved' or 'rescued', 'David' is the proper name David, 'et' is the direct‑object marker (no meaning in English), 'kol' means 'all', 'asher' means 'that' or 'which', 'lakchu' means 'they took', 'Amalek' is the name of the people Amalek, 've-' means 'and', the second 'et' is another direct‑object marker, 'shtei' means 'two', 'nashav' means 'wives', 'hi-tzil' means 'saved' (literally 'he saved'), the final 'David' repeats the subject.
[1SA.30.19] And no vow was made for them from the smallest to the greatest, nor to sons and daughters, nor to tribute, and everything that they had taken for them, David restored all. [§]
ve lo ne'dar lahem min ha katan ve ad ha gadol ve ad banim u banot u mishalal ve ad kol asher lakchu lahem hakol heshiv David.
've' means 'and', 'lo' means 'not', 'ne'dar' means 'was vowed' or 'a vow was made', 'lahem' means 'for them', 'min' means 'from', 'ha' is the definite article 'the', 'katan' means 'small' or 'little one', 've' again 'and', 'ad' means 'until' or 'up to', 'ha' 'the', 'gadol' means 'great' or 'great one', 've' 'and', 'ad' 'up to', 'banim' means 'sons', 'u' means 'and', 'banot' means 'daughters', 'u' 'and', 'mishalal' means 'tribute' or 'tax', 've' 'and', 'ad' 'up to', 'kol' means 'all' or 'everything', 'asher' means 'that which' or 'what', 'lakchu' means 'they took', 'lahem' 'for them', 'hakol' 'all', 'heshiv' means 'restored' or 'returned', 'David' is the name of the king.
[1SA.30.20] David took all the sheep and the cattle; they were driven before that herd, and they said, This is David's spoil. [§]
Vayikach David et kol hatzon vehabakar nahagu lifnei hamikneh hahu vayomru zeh shelal David.
'Vayikach' means 'took', 'David' is the name David, 'et' is the direct object marker, 'kol' means 'all', 'hatzon' means 'the sheep', 'vehabakar' means 'and the cattle', 'nahagu' means 'were driven', 'lifnei' means 'before', 'hamikneh' means 'the herd', 'hahu' means 'that', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'zeh' means 'this', 'shelal' means 'spoil' or 'plunder', 'David' repeats the name.
[1SA.30.21] And David went to the two hundred men who had fled after David, and he led them to the Brook of Beshor; and they went out to meet David and to meet the people who were with him, and David approached the people and asked them for peace. [§]
Vayyavo David el-maatayim ha-anashim asher-pigru milchet acharei David vayoshibu b'nachal habesor vayetzu liqareit David velqareit haam asher-itto vayigash David et-haam vayishal lahem leshalom.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he went', 'David' is the name David, 'el-maatayim' means 'to the two hundred', 'ha-anashim' means 'the men', 'asher-pigru' means 'who fled', 'milchet acharei' means 'from behind David' (i.e., after David), 'vayoshibu' means 'and he led them', 'b'nachal habesor' means 'to the Brook of Beshor', 'vayetzu' means 'and they went out', 'liqareit David' means 'to meet David', 'velqareit haam' means 'and to meet the people', 'asher-itto' means 'who were with him', 'vayigash David' means 'David approached', 'et-haam' means 'the people', 'vayishal lahem' means 'and he asked them', 'leshalom' means 'for peace'.
[1SA.30.22] And answered every wicked and vile man among the men who went with David, and they said, "Because they did not go with me, they will not be given any of the spoil that we captured, unless a man takes his wife and his children, leads them away, and they go." [§]
vayan kol-ish ra ve-bley'al me-ha-anashim asher halchu im David vayomru ya'an asher lo-halchu immi lo-niten alehem me-hashalal asher hitchalnu ki im ish et-ishto ve-et banav ve-yinehagu ve-yelechu.
'vayan' means 'and answered', 'kol-ish' means 'every man', 'ra' means 'wicked', 've-bley'al' means 'and vile', 'me-ha-anashim' means 'among the men', 'asher' means 'who', 'halchu' means 'went', 'im' means 'with', 'David' is the name 'David', 'vayomru' means 'and they said', 'ya'an' means 'because', 'asher' means 'that', 'lo-halchu' means 'they did not go', 'immi' means 'with me', 'lo-niten' means 'will not be given', 'alehem' means 'to them', 'me-hashalal' means 'of the spoil', 'asher' means 'that', 'hitchalnu' means 'we captured', 'ki' means 'unless', 'im' means 'if', 'ish' means 'a man', 'et-ishto' means 'his wife', 've-et' means 'and', 'banav' means 'his children', 've-yinehagu' means 'and they lead them away', 've-yelechu' means 'and they go'.
[1SA.30.23] And David said, Do not do thus, my brothers, concerning that which Yahveh gave us, and may He keep us, and may He give the coming troop upon us by our hand. [§]
Vayomer David lo ta'asu ken achai et asher natan Yahveh lanu vayishmor otanu vayiten et hagedud habba alenu beyadenu.
"Vayomer" means "and said", "David" is the name David, "lo" means "not", "ta'asu" means "you (plural) will do", "ken" means "thus", "achai" means "my brothers", "et" is a direct object marker (no English equivalent), "asher" means "that/which", "natan" means "gave", "Yahveh" is the translation of YHVH, "lanu" means "to us", "vayishmor" means "and will keep/guard", "otanu" means "us", "vayiten" means "and will give", "et" is the direct object marker, "hagedud" means "the troop", "habba" means "that comes", "alenu" means "upon us", "beyadenu" means "by our hand".
[1SA.30.24] And who will hear you concerning this matter, because as a share belongs to the one who goes down into battle, and as a share belongs to the one who sits at the vessels; together they will divide. [§]
Umi yishma lakhem ladavar hazeh ki kechelek hayored bamilchamah uchechelek hayoshev al-hakelim yachdah yachaloku.
'Umi' means 'and who', 'yishma' means 'will hear', 'lakhem' means 'to you', 'ladavar' means 'concerning the thing', 'hazeh' means 'this', 'ki' means 'because', 'kechelek' means 'as a share', 'hayored' means 'the one who goes down', 'bamilchamah' means 'into battle', 'uchechelek' means 'and as a share', 'hayoshev' means 'the one who sits', 'al-hakelim' means 'at the vessels', 'yachdah' means 'together', 'yachaloku' means 'they will divide/share'.
[1SA.30.25] And it happened from that day onward, and he set it as a law and as a judgment for Israel until this day. [§]
Vayehi meheyom hahu vama'alah vayasimah lechok ulemishpat leYisrael ad hayom hazeh.
'Vayehi' means 'and it happened', 'meheyom' means 'from the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'vama'alah' means 'and onward', 'vayasimah' means 'and he set it', 'lechok' means 'as a law', 'ulemishpat' means 'as a judgment', 'leYisrael' means 'for Israel', 'ad' means 'until', 'hayom' means 'the day', 'hazeh' means 'this'.
[1SA.30.26] And David went to Ziklag, and he sent from the plunder to the elders of Judah, to his companions, saying, "Behold, a blessing for you, the plunder of the enemies of Yahveh." [§]
Vayyavo David el-Tziklag vayshalach mehashalal leziknei Yehudah le'reehu le'emor hinneh lachem berachah mishlal oyve Yahveh.
'Vayyavo' means 'and he went', 'David' is the proper name, 'el-Tziklag' means 'to Ziklag', 'vayshalach' means 'and he sent', 'mehashalal' means 'from the spoil', 'leziknei' means 'to the elders', 'Yehudah' means 'Judah', 'le'reehu' means 'to his companions', 'le'emor' means 'to say', 'hinneh' means 'behold', 'lachem' means 'for you', 'berachah' means 'blessing', 'mishlal' means 'spoil or plunder', 'oyve' means 'enemies', and 'Yahveh' is the literal translation of the divine name YHWH.
[1SA.30.27] to those who are in the house of God, and to those who are in the heights of the south, and to those who are in Jattir. [§]
la'aser bebeit-El ve'la'aser be-ramot-negev ve'la'aser be-Yatir.
'la'aser' means 'to/for the one who', 'bebeit-El' means 'in the house of God' (with 'El' translated as 'God'), 've'la'aser' means 'and to/for the one who', 'be-ramot-negev' means 'in the heights of the south', 've'la'aser' again means 'and to/for the one who', 'be-Yatir' means 'in Jattir' (a place name).
[1SA.30.28] And to the one in Aroer, and to the one in the lips, and to the one in Eshtemoa. [§]
Ve la'aser ba'aroer ve la'aser be sifmot ve la'aser be eshtemoa.
'Ve' means 'and', 'la'aser' means 'to the one who' or simply 'the one who', 'ba'aroer' refers to the place name Aroer (a town mentioned in the Hebrew Bible), 'be sifmot' literally means 'in the lips' (the word for 'lips' or 'words'), and 'be eshtemoa' refers to the place name Eshtemoa (another town). The phrase lists three distinct groups or locations.
[1SA.30.29] and to those who are in Barakal, and to those who are in the cities of Yirachme'eli, and to those who are in the cities of Qeni. [§]
ve-la'ashér be'rakal ve-la'ashér be'arei hayirachme'eli ve-la'ashér be'arei ha-qeni.
've' means 'and', 'la'ashér' means 'to those who' (literally 'to the one who'), 'be'rakal' means 'in Barakal' (a place name), 'be'arei' means 'in the cities of', 'hayirachme'eli' means 'of Yirachme'eli' (a proper name), 'ha-qeni' means 'of Qeni' (a proper name). The phrase repeats the pattern for three different groups.
[1SA.30.30] And to the one who is in sorcery, and to the one who is in a smoky furnace, and to the one who is in your time. [§]
ve-la'aser be-charmah ve-la'aser be-bor-ashan ve-la'aser ba'atach.
've' means 'and', 'la'aser' means 'to the one who', 'be' is a preposition meaning 'in' or 'among', 'charmah' means 'sorcery' or 'magic', the second 'be' again means 'in', 'bor' means 'furnace' or 'pit', 'ashan' means 'smoke', the third 'be' again means 'in', and 'atach' is the word 'your time' (from 'ata' meaning 'time' with the suffix '-kha' meaning 'your').
[1SA.30.31] And to those in Hebron and to all the places where David walked there, he and his men. [§]
ve-lashér bechevron u-lekhol ha-mekomot asher-hithalekh-sham David hu ve-anashav.
've' means 'and', 'lashér' means 'to those', 'bechevron' means 'in Hebron', 'u' means 'and', 'lekhol' means 'to all', 'ha-mekomot' means 'the places', 'asher' means 'that/where', 'hithalekh' means 'walked/was present', 'sham' means 'there', 'David' is the name David, 'hu' means 'he', 've-anashav' means 'and his men'.
1SA.31
[1SA.31.1] And the Philistines fought Israel, and the men of Israel fled before the Philistines, and they fell slain on the hill of Gilboa. [§]
Uplishtim nilchamim beYisrael vayanu su anshei Yisrael mipnei plishtim vayiplu chalalim beHar haGilboa.
'Uplishtim' means 'and the Philistines', 'nilchamim' means 'fought' (imperfect plural), 'beYisrael' means 'against Israel', 'vayanu su' means 'and they fled', 'anshei' means 'men of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'mipnei' means 'before' or 'from the presence of', 'plishtim' again 'the Philistines', 'vayiplu' means 'and they fell', 'chalalim' means 'dead' or 'slain', 'beHar' means 'on the hill', 'haGilboa' means 'the Gilboa'.
[1SA.31.2] The Philistines struck Saul and his sons, and the Philistines struck Jonathan, Avinadav, and Malchi‑shua, the sons of Saul. [§]
vayadbeku pelishtim et shaul veet banav vayikku pelishtim et yehonatan veet avinadav veet malchi-shua bnei shaul.
'vayadbeku' means 'and they struck', 'pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'et' is a direct‑object marker, 'shaul' is the name Saul, 'veet' means 'and', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'vayikku' means 'and they struck', the second 'pelishtim' again 'Philistines', the next 'et' direct‑object marker, 'yehonatan' is the name Jonathan, the following 'veet' is 'and', 'avinadav' is the name Avinadav, another 'veet' is 'and', 'malchi-shua' is the name Malchi‑shua, 'bnei' means 'sons of', and the final 'shaul' is again the name Saul.
[1SA.31.3] And the battle grew heavy against Saul, and the Morim found him, men in the seeking, and he fled greatly from the Morim. [§]
Vatikbad ha-milchamah el Shaul vayimetsauhu ha-Morim anashim ba-kashet vayachel meod me-ha-Morim.
'Vatikbad' means 'and became heavy', 'ha-milchamah' means 'the battle', 'el' means 'against', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'vayimetsauhu' means 'and they found him', 'ha-Morim' designates the group called the Morim, 'anashim' means 'men', 'ba-kashet' literally 'in the seeking' (a phrase indicating a particular group or place), 'vayachel' means 'and he fled', 'meod' means 'greatly', 'me-ha-Morim' means 'from the Morim'.
[1SA.31.4] And Saul said to the bearer of his armor, 'Draw your sword and cut me with it, lest these youths come and cut me and be proud over me.' But the bearer of his armor would not, because he was greatly afraid. So Saul took the sword and it fell upon it. [§]
Vayomer Shaul leNoseh kelav shlef harbeka v'dakreini bah pen yavo'u haarelim haeleh u'dekaruni vehitaallelu bi velo avah noseh kelav ki yare meod vayikach Shaul et-hacheret vayipol aleha.
'Vayomer' means 'and he said', 'Shaul' means the name Saul, 'leNoseh' means 'to the bearer', 'kelav' means 'of his armor', 'shlef' means 'draw', 'harbeka' means 'your sword', 'v'dakreini' means 'and cut me', 'bah' means 'with it', 'pen' means 'lest', 'yavo\'u' means 'they come', 'haarelim' means 'the youths', 'haeleh' means 'these', 'u'dekaruni' means 'and cut me', 'vehitaallelu' means 'and they will be exalted', 'bi' means 'over me', 'velo' means 'and not', 'avah' means 'willing', 'noseh' means 'bearer', 'kelav' again 'of his armor', 'ki' means 'because', 'yare' means 'he fears', 'meod' means 'greatly', 'vayikach' means 'and took', 'et-hacheret' means 'the sword', 'vayipol' means 'and fell', 'aleha' means 'upon it'.
[1SA.31.5] And he saw the carrier of his weapons that Saul was dead and he also fell on his sword and died with him. [§]
Vayar nosei-kelav ki met Shaul vayipol gam-hu al harvo vayamat imo.
'Vayar' means 'and he saw', 'nosei' means 'carrier', 'kelav' means 'of his weapons', 'ki' means 'that' or 'because', 'met' means 'dead', 'Shaul' is the name 'Saul', 'vayipol' means 'and he fell', 'gam' means 'also', 'hu' means 'he', 'al' means 'on', 'harvo' means 'his sword', 'vayamat' means 'and he died', 'imo' means 'with him'.
[1SA.31.6] And Saul died, and his three sons, and the load of his belongings, also all his men, that day together. [§]
Vayyamat Shaul u'shloshet banav v'nosei kelav gam kol-anashav bayom hahu yachdav.
'Vayyamat' means 'and died', 'Shaul' is the personal name Saul, 'u'shloshet' means 'and his three', 'banav' means 'sons', 'v'nosei' means 'and the bearing of', 'kelav' means 'his belongings' or 'the load of his property', 'gam' means 'also', 'kol-anashav' means 'all his men', 'bayom' means 'on the day', 'hahu' means 'that', 'yachdav' means 'together'.
[1SA.31.7] And the men of Israel who were beyond the valley and beyond the Jordan, for the men of Israel fled, and because Saul and his sons died, they left the cities, fled, came to the Philistines, and dwelt among them. [§]
Vayiru anashei Yisrael asher beever haemek va'aser beever haYarden ki nasu anashei Yisrael vechi metu Shaul uvanav vayaa'azvu et ha'arim vayannusu vayavo Philistim vayeshvu bahem.
'Vayiru' means 'and they saw', 'anashei' means 'men of', 'Yisrael' means 'Israel', 'asher' means 'who/that', 'beever' means 'across/over', 'haemek' means 'the valley', 'va'aser' means 'and that', 'haYarden' means 'the Jordan', 'ki' means 'for/because', 'nasu' means 'they fled', 'vechi' means 'and because', 'metu' means 'they died', 'Shaul' means 'Saul', 'uvanav' means 'and his sons', 'vayaa'azvu' means 'and they left', 'et' is the direct object marker, 'ha'arim' means 'the cities', 'vayannusu' means 'and they fled', 'vayavo' means 'and they came', 'Philistim' means 'Philistines', 'vayeshvu' means 'and they dwelt', 'bahem' means 'among them'.
[1SA.31.8] And it was on the next day that the Philistines came to plunder the bodies and they found Saul and his three sons dead on the hill of Gilboa. [§]
Vayehi mimmachorot vayyavo'u Pelishtim lefashet et-hachalalim vayyimtze'u et-Shaul ve-et-sheloshet banav noflim behar hagilboa.
'Vayehi' means 'and it was', 'mimmachorot' means 'the next day', 'vayyavo'u' means 'and they came', 'Pelishtim' means 'Philistines', 'lefashet' means 'to plunder/raid', 'et-hachalalim' means 'the bodies' (the dead), 'vayyimtze'u' means 'and they found', 'et-Shaul' means 'Saul', 've-et-sheloshet banav' means 'and his three sons', 'noflim' means 'falling' or 'dead', 'behar' means 'on the mountain', 'hagilboa' means 'the hill of Gilboa'.
[1SA.31.9] And they cut off his head and they stripped his vessels and they sent throughout the land of the Philistines to bring news of the house of their idols and the people. [§]
Vayikretu et-rosho vayafshitū et-kelav vayshal'chu be'aretz-Phlistim sabiv levaser beit atsabbehem ve'et-ha'am.
'Vayikretu' means 'and they cut off', 'et-rosho' means 'his head', 'vayafshitū' means 'and they stripped', 'et-kelav' means 'his vessels', 'vayshal'chu' means 'and they sent', 'be'aretz-Phlistim' means 'in the land of the Philistines', 'sabiv' means 'around' or 'throughout', 'levaser' means 'to bring news', 'beit' means 'the house', 'atsabbehem' means 'their idols', 've'et-ha'am' means 'and the people'.
[1SA.31.10] They placed his belongings in the house of Ashtaroth and struck his weapon at the wall of the house of Shan. [§]
Vayyasimu et-kelav beit Ashtarot ve-et-geviyato taku bechomat beit Shan.
'Vayyasimu' means 'they placed', 'et-kelav' means 'his belongings', 'beit Ashtarot' means 'the house of Ashtaroth', 've-et-geviyato' means 'and his geviyato (a disputed term often rendered as a weapon or implement)', 'taku' means 'they struck', 'bechomat' means 'at the wall of', 'beit Shan' means 'the house (city) of Shan'.
[1SA.31.11] And the dwellers of Jabesh-gilead heard what the Philistines had done to Saul. [§]
Vayishme'u elav yos'vei Yabes Gil'ad et asher-asu Pelishtim leShaul.
'Vayishme\'u' means 'and they heard', 'elav' means 'to him', 'yos\'vei' means 'the dwellers of', 'Yabes Gil'ad' is the place name 'Jabesh-gilead', 'et' is the accusative marker (not rendered in English), 'asher-asu' means 'that which they did', 'Pelishtim' means 'the Philistines', 'leShaul' means 'to Saul'.
[1SA.31.12] All the valiant men rose and went all night; they took the war band of Saul and also his sons from the wall of Beth Shan, came to the dry place and burned them there. [§]
Vayakumu kol-"ish" chayil vayelchu kol-halayla vayikchu et-geviyat Shaul ve-et geviot banav mechomat beit Shan vayavo'u yaveshah vayisrefu otam sham.
'Vayakumu' means 'and they rose/stood up', 'kol-"ish"' means 'every man' (literally 'all-man'), 'chayil' means 'valiant' or 'mighty', 'vayelchu' means 'and they went', 'kol-halayla' means 'all night', 'vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'et-geviyat Shaul' means 'the war band of Saul', 've-et' means 'and also', 'geviot' means 'the sons', 'banav' means 'his sons', 'mechomat' means 'from the wall of', 'beit Shan' means 'the house (town) of Shan', 'vayavo'u' means 'and they came', 'yaveshah' means 'to the dry place', 'vayisrefu' means 'and they burned', 'otam' means 'them', 'sham' means 'there'.
[1SA.31.13] And they took their bones and buried them under the ash heap in the dry place, and they fasted for seven days. [§]
Vayikchu et-atzmotayhem, vayik'bru tachat ha'eshel be-yaveshah, vayatzumu shivat yamim.
'Vayikchu' means 'and they took', 'et' is a direct object marker, 'atzmotayhem' means 'their bones', 'vayik'bru' means 'and they buried', 'tachat' means 'under', 'ha'eshel' means 'the ash' (referring to a fire place), 'be-yaveshah' means 'in the dry (ground)', 'vayatzumu' means 'and they fasted', 'shivat' means 'seven', 'yamim' means 'days'.