1PE (Saint Peter's first letter)
1PE.1 • 1PE.2 • 1PE.3 • 1PE.4 • 1PE.5
1PE.1
[1PE.1.1] Peter, apostle of Jesus Christ, to the elect, residents of the diaspora of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. [§]
Petros apostolos Iesou Christou eklektois parepidemois diaspora Pontou, Galatias, Cappadokias, Asias kai Bithynias
'Petros' means 'Peter', 'apostolos' means 'apostle', 'Iesou' is the genitive of 'Jesus', meaning 'of Jesus', 'Christou' is the genitive of 'Christ', meaning 'of Christ', 'eklektois' means 'to the elect', 'parepidemois' means 'to those residing', literally 'resident-ones', 'diaspora' means 'scattered' or 'dispersion', 'Pontou' is the region 'Pontus', 'Galatias' is 'Galatia', 'Cappadokias' is 'Cappadocia', 'Asias' is 'Asia', 'kai' means 'and', 'Bithynias' is 'Bithynia'.
[1PE.1.2] according to the foreknowledge of God Father in sanctification of the Spirit into obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ, grace to you and peace may be increased. [§]
kata prognosin theou patros en agiasmo pneumatos eis hypakoen kai rhantismon haimatos Iesou Christou, charis hymin kai eirene plethynthei.
'kata' means 'according to', 'prognosin' means 'foreknowledge', 'theou' means 'God', 'patros' means 'Father', 'en' means 'in', 'agiasmo' means 'sanctification', 'pneumatos' means 'Spirit', 'eis' means 'into', 'hypakoen' means 'obedience', 'kai' means 'and', 'rhantismon' means 'sprinkling', 'haimatos' means 'blood', 'Iesou' means 'Jesus', 'Christou' means 'Christ', 'charis' means 'grace', 'hymin' means 'to you', 'kai' means 'and', 'eirene' means 'peace', 'plethynthei' means 'may be increased'.
[1PE.1.3] Blessed the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to his great mercy has regenerated us into living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. [§]
Eulogetos ho theos kai pater tou kyrioU hemon Iesou Christou ho kata to polu autou eleos anagennesas hemas eis elpida zosan di anastaseos Iesou Christou ek nekron
'Eulogetos' means 'Blessed', 'ho' is the masculine definite article 'the', 'theos' means 'God', 'kai' means 'and', 'pater' means 'Father', 'tou' is the genitive article 'of the', 'kyrioU' (kyriou) means 'Lord', 'hemon' means 'our', 'Iesou' means 'Jesus', 'Christou' means 'Christ', 'ho' again is 'the', 'kata' means 'according to', 'to' means 'the', 'polu' means 'great' or 'abundant', 'autou' means 'his', 'eleos' means 'mercy', 'anagennesas' means 'having regenerated' or 'having made born again', 'hemas' means 'us', 'eis' means 'into', 'elpida' means 'hope', 'zosan' means 'living', 'di' means 'through', 'anastaseos' means 'the resurrection', 'Iesou Christou' again 'Jesus Christ', 'ek' means 'from', 'nekron' means 'the dead'. The names of God are rendered literally: 'theos' as 'God', 'kyrios' as 'Lord', 'pater' as 'Father'.
[1PE.1.4] into an inheritance incorruptible and undefiled and everlasting kept in the heavens for you [§]
eis klēronomian aphtharton kai amian ton kai amaranton tetērēmenēn en ouranois eis humas
'eis' means 'into', 'klēronomian' means 'inheritance', 'aphtharton' means 'incorruptible', 'kai' means 'and', 'amian' means 'undefiled', 'ton' is a connector meaning 'and', 'amaranton' means 'everlasting', 'tetērēmenēn' means 'kept' or 'preserved', 'en' means 'in', 'ouranois' means 'the heavens', 'eis' again means 'into', 'humas' means 'you' (plural).
[1PE.1.5] Those kept under God's power by faith, prepared for salvation that will be revealed in the final age. [§]
tous en dynamei theou phrouroumenous dia pisteos eis soterian hetoimen apokalyphthenai en kairo eschato
'tous' means 'the' (masc plural accusative), 'en' means 'in', 'dynamei' means 'power', 'theou' means 'of God' (the name of God translated literally as 'God'), 'phrouroumenous' means 'being guarded', 'dia' means 'through' or 'by', 'pisteos' means 'faith', 'eis' means 'into' or 'to', 'soterian' means 'salvation', 'hetoimen' means 'prepared', 'apokalyphthenai' means 'to be revealed', 'en' means 'in', 'kairo' means 'time', 'eschato' means 'the final'. The phrase describes those who are kept under God's power by faith, prepared for salvation that will be revealed in the final age.
[1PE.1.6] In whom you rejoice, just a little now, if it is necessary, those who have been sorrowful in various trials. [§]
en hō agalliasthe, oligon arti, ei deon estin, lypethentas en poikiliois peirasmois,
'en' means 'in', 'hō' means 'whom/which', 'agalliasthe' means 'you rejoice' (2nd person plural), 'oligon' means 'a little', 'arti' means 'now', 'ei' means 'if', 'deon' means 'necessary', 'estin' means 'it is', 'lypethentas' means 'sorrowful' or 'having been saddened' (masculine plural accusative), 'en' means 'in', 'poikiliois' means 'various' (dative plural), 'peirasmois' means 'trials' or 'temptations' (dative plural).
[1PE.1.7] That your test of faith may be more valuable than the gold that is perishable, and that, being tested by fire, it may be found for praise and glory and honor in the revelation of Jesus Christ. [§]
hina to dokimion humon tes pisteos poly timeteron chrysio tou apollumenou, dia puros de dokimazomenou eurethee eis epainon kai doxan kai timen en apokalypsi Iesou Christou
'hina' means 'that', 'to' means 'the', 'dokimion' means 'test' or 'trial', 'humon' means 'your' (plural), 'tes' means 'of', 'pisteos' means 'faith', 'poly' means 'more', 'timeteron' means 'valuable', 'chrysio' means 'gold', 'tou' means 'of the', 'apollumenou' means 'perishable' or 'that is perishing', 'dia' means 'through', 'puros' means 'fire', 'de' means 'but', 'dokimazomenou' means 'being tested', 'eurethee' means 'may be found', 'eis' means 'for', 'epainon' means 'praise', 'kai' means 'and', 'doxan' means 'glory', 'kai' again means 'and', 'timen' means 'honor', 'en' means 'in', 'apokalypsi' means 'revelation', 'Iesou' means 'Jesus', 'Christou' means 'Christ'.
[1PE.1.8] Whom you love without having seen, to whom you have just not yet seen, but believing you rejoice in unspeakable joy and in being glorified. [§]
hon ouk idontes agapate, eis hon arti me horontes, pisteuontes de agalliasethe charei aneklaleoto kai dedoxasmenē.
'hon' means 'whom' (accusative masculine singular), 'ouk' means 'not', 'idontes' is a participle meaning 'having seen' (masc pl present active), 'agapate' means 'you love' (2nd person plural present active), 'eis' means 'to' or 'into', 'hon' again 'whom', 'arti' means 'just now' or 'still', 'me' is a negative particle 'not', 'horontes' is a participle 'seeing' (masc pl present active), 'pisteuontes' means 'believing' (masc pl present active), 'de' is a conjunction 'but', 'agalliasethe' means 'rejoice' (imperative 2nd person plural), 'charei' is 'in joy' (dative singular), 'aneklaleoto' means 'unspeakable' or 'inexpressible' (dative singular), 'kai' means 'and', 'dedoxasmenē' means 'glorified' or 'having been glorified' (feminine singular dative, participle).
[1PE.1.9] Obtaining the end of your faith, salvation of souls. [§]
komizomenoi to telos tes pisteos humon soterian psychon.
'komizomenoi' means 'obtaining', 'to' means 'the', 'telos' means 'end', 'tes' means 'of the', 'pisteos' means 'faith', 'humon' means 'your', 'soterian' means 'salvation', 'psychon' means 'of souls'.
[1PE.1.10] About that salvation they inquired and reflected, the prophets concerning the grace toward you who have prophesied. [§]
peri hes soterias exezeesan kai exerausan prophetei hoi peri tes eis humas charitos propheteusantes
'peri' means 'about' or 'concerning', 'hes' means 'which' (genitive relative pronoun), 'soterias' means 'salvation', 'exezeesan' means 'they sought' or 'inquired', 'kai' means 'and', 'exerausan' means 'they reflected' or 'pondered', 'prophetei' means 'prophets', 'hoi' means 'the', 'peri' again means 'concerning', 'tes' is the genitive article 'of the', 'eis' means 'into' or 'toward', 'humas' means 'you (plural)', 'charitos' means 'grace', 'propheteusantes' is a participle meaning 'having prophesied' or 'who prophesied'.
[1PE.1.11] Slicing into which or what time revealed the spirit of Christ among them, bearing witness to the sufferings for Christ and the glories after these. [§]
erauontes eis tina e poion kairon edelou to en autois pneuma Christou promartyromenon ta eis Christon pathēmata kai tas meta tauta doxas.
'erauontes' means 'cutting' or 'slicing', 'eis' means 'into', 'tina' means 'which', 'e' means 'or', 'poion' means 'what', 'kairon' means 'time', 'edelou' means 'made known' or 'revealed', 'to' means 'the', 'en' means 'in', 'autois' means 'them', 'pneuma' means 'spirit', 'Christou' means 'of Christ', 'promartyromenon' means 'bearing witness', 'ta' means 'the (plural)', 'eis' again means 'to' or 'for', 'Christon' means 'Christ', 'pathēmata' means 'sufferings', 'kai' means 'and', 'tas' means 'the (feminine plural)', 'meta' means 'after' or 'with', 'tauta' means 'these', 'doxas' means 'glories'.
[1PE.1.12] To those it was revealed that it is not for themselves, but I served you with those things which now were announced to you through the preaching ones in the holy spirit sent from heaven, into which the angels desire to bow down. [§]
hois apekalyphthe oti ouch heautois, hymin de diakonoun auta ha nyn anengele hymin dia ton euangelisamen hymas en pneumati hagio apostaleti ap' ouranou, eis ha epithymousin angeloi parakypsai.
'hois' means 'to those', 'apekalyphthe' means 'was revealed', 'oti' means 'that', 'ouch' means 'not', 'heautois' means 'to themselves', 'hymin' means 'to you (plural)', 'de' means 'but', 'diakonoun' means 'I served', 'auta' means 'those things', 'ha' means 'which', 'nyn' means 'now', 'anengele' means 'was announced', 'hymin' again means 'to you', 'dia' means 'through', 'ton' means 'the (genitive)', 'euangelisamen' means 'the preaching ones', 'hymas' means 'you (plural) as object', 'en' means 'in', 'pneumati' means 'spirit', 'hagio' means 'holy', 'apostaleti' means 'sent from', 'ap'' means 'from', 'ouranou' means 'heaven', 'eis' means 'into', 'ha' means 'which', 'epithymousin' means 'they desire', 'angeloi' means 'angels', 'parakypsai' means 'to bow down'.
[1PE.1.13] Therefore, having revived the breaths of your mind, completely hope for the grace given to you in the revelation of Jesus Christ. [§]
Dio anazōsamenoi tas osphuas tes dianoias humon nephontes teleios elpísate epi ten pheromenen humin charin en apokalypsi Iesou Christou.
'Dio' means 'therefore', 'anazōsamenoi' means 'having revived' (literally 'having brought back to life'), 'tas' is the accusative plural article 'the', 'osphuas' means 'breaths' or 'spiritual breaths', 'tes' is the genitive article 'of', 'dianoias' means 'mind' or 'understanding', 'humon' means 'your' (plural), 'nephontes' is a participle meaning 'being mindful' or 'seeking', 'teleios' means 'completely' or 'fully', 'elpísate' means 'you have hoped' or 'hope', 'epi' means 'upon' or 'for', 'ten' is the accusative article 'the', 'pheromenen' means 'given' or 'imparted', 'humin' means 'to you', 'charin' means 'grace', 'en' means 'in', 'apokalypsi' means 'revelation', 'Iesou' is the genitive of 'Jesus', 'Christou' is the genitive of 'Christ'.
[1PE.1.14] as children of obedience, not being shaped by the former desires that were in your ignorance. [§]
hos tekna hypoakees me syskhemitizomenoi tais proteron en te agnoia humon epithymiais
'hos' means 'as' or 'like', 'tekna' means 'children', 'hypoakees' (genitive of hypoakee) means 'of obedience', 'me' means 'not', 'syskhemitizomenoi' is a participle meaning 'being shaped' or 'being formed', 'tais' is the dative plural article 'the', 'proteron' means 'former' or 'previous', 'en' means 'in', 'te' is the article for 'the', 'agnoia' means 'ignorance', 'humon' means 'your' (genitive plural), 'epithymiais' means 'desires' or 'longings'.
[1PE.1.15] But according to the one who called you holy, and you yourselves holy in every conduct become. [§]
alla kata ton kalesanta hymas hagion kai autoi hagioi en pase anastrophe genethete
'alla' means 'but', 'kata' means 'according to', 'ton' means 'the' (masculine accusative), 'kalesanta' means 'having called', 'hymas' means 'you' (plural accusative), 'hagion' means 'holy' (neuter accusative), 'kai' means 'and', 'autoi' means 'you yourselves' (nominative masculine plural), 'hagioi' means 'holy' (nominative masculine plural), 'en' means 'in', 'pase' means 'every' (feminine dative singular), 'anastrophe' means 'conduct' or 'behavior' (dative singular), 'genethete' means 'you became' or 'you were made' (aorist middle 2nd person plural).
[1PE.1.16] Because it is written: you shall be holy, for I am holy. [§]
dioti gegraptai; hagioi esesthe, hoti ego hagios.
'dioti' means 'because', 'gegraptai' means 'it is written', 'hagioi' means 'holy' (plural noun), 'esesthe' means 'you will be' (future second person plural), 'hoti' means 'for' or 'because', 'ego' means 'I', 'hagios' means 'holy'. The clause therefore states that the people are to be holy because the speaker, God, is holy.
[1PE.1.17] And if you call the Father the one who judges impartially according to each person's work, be in fear of the time of your dwelling and turn back. [§]
kai ei patera epikaleisthe ton aprosopoleemptos krinonta kata to ekastou ergon, en phoboi ton tes paroikias humon chronon anastraphete
'kai' means 'and', 'ei' means 'if', 'patera' means 'father', 'epikaleisthe' means 'you call upon', 'ton' is the masculine accusative article 'the', 'aprosopoleemptos' means 'impartially' or 'without bias', 'krinonta' means 'who judges', 'kata' means 'according to', 'to' means 'the', 'ekastou' means 'each one's' or 'each person's', 'ergon' means 'work' or 'deed', 'en' means 'in', 'phoboi' means 'fear' (dative), 'ton tes paroikias humon' means 'the time of your dwelling' ('paroikia' = dwelling, residency), 'chronon' means 'time' (object of 'phoboi'), and 'anastraphete' means 'you turn back' or 'return'.
[1PE.1.18] Knowing that you are not redeemed by corruptible silver or gold, you have been redeemed from your futile turning of the paternal tradition. [§]
eidotes hoti ou phthartois, argyrio e chrysoio, elutrothete ek tes mataias humon anastrophes patropardotou
"eidotes" means "knowing", "hoti" means "that", "ou" means "not", "phthartois" means "corruptible" (literally "perishable"), "argyrio" means "silver", "e" means "or", "chrysoio" means "gold", "elutrothete" means "you were redeemed", "ek" means "from", "tes" means "the", "mataias" means "vanity" or "emptiness", "humon" means "your", "anastrophes" means "turning" or "change", "patropardotou" means "of the paternal tradition" (ancestral).
[1PE.1.19] But with precious blood, as a blameless lamb and the shield of Christ. [§]
alla timiō haimati hōs amnos amomou kai aspilou Christou.
'alla' means 'but', 'timiō' (dative) means 'precious' or 'valuable', 'haimati' (dative) means 'blood', 'hōs' means 'as' or 'like', 'amnos' (genitive) means 'of a lamb', 'amomou' means 'blameless', 'kai' means 'and', 'aspilou' (genitive) means 'of a shield', 'Christou' (genitive) means 'of Christ'. The phrase is an elliptical hymn‑like clause that can be rendered as a poetic statement about Christ’s precious blood, likened to a blameless lamb and a shield.
[1PE.1.20] Foreknown before the foundation of the world, and revealed at the end of the ages through you. [§]
proe-gnos-me-noon men pro ka-ta-boh-AYSS KOS-moo, fa-neh-ro-THEN-tos de ep' es-KHA-tou ton KRO-nohn dee HY-mahs
'proe-gnos-me-noon' means 'foreknown', 'men' means 'indeed' or 'on the one hand', 'pro' means 'before', 'ka-ta-boh-AYSS' means 'foundation' or 'establishment', 'KOS-moo' means 'world', 'fa-neh-ro-THEN-tos' means 'having been revealed' or 'manifested', 'de' means 'but' or 'and', 'ep'' is a contraction of 'epi' meaning 'at' or 'upon', 'es-KHA-tou' means 'the end' (of the ages), 'ton' is the accusative plural article 'the', 'KRO-nohn' means 'ages' or 'times', 'dee' means 'through' or 'by means of', 'HY-mahs' means 'you' (plural).
[1PE.1.21] the faithful through him to God the one who raised him from the dead and giving glory to him, so that your faith and hope are to be unto God. [§]
tous di' autou pistous eis theon ton egeiranta auton ek nekron kai doxan autoi dona, hoste ten pistin humon kai elpida einai eis theon.
'tous' means 'the (accusative plural masculine)', 'di'' is a contraction of 'dia' meaning 'through', 'autou' means 'him', 'pistous' means 'faithful ones', 'eis' means 'to/into', 'theon' means 'God', 'ton' is the article 'the' (accusative masculine singular), 'egeiranta' means 'who raised', 'auton' means 'him', 'ek' means 'from', 'nekron' means 'the dead', 'kai' means 'and', 'doxan' means 'glory', 'autoI' means 'to him', 'dona' means 'giving', 'hoste' means 'so that', 'ten' means 'the' (accusative feminine singular), 'pistin' means 'faith', 'humon' means 'your', 'kai' means 'and', 'elpida' means 'hope', 'einai' means 'to be', 'eis' means 'to/into', 'theon' means 'God'.
[1PE.1.22] Having purified your souls in the obedience of truth, into sincere brotherly love, from a pure heart, love one another earnestly. [§]
Tas psychas humon hegnikotes en te hypakoei tes aletheias eis philadelphian anupokriton ek katharas kardias allelous agapesate ektenos
'Tas' means 'the' (feminine plural accusative), 'psychas' means 'souls', 'humon' means 'your', 'hegnikotes' means 'purifying' (participle), 'en' means 'in', 'te' means 'the' (feminine singular dative), 'hypakoei' means 'obedience', 'tes' means 'of the' (feminine singular genitive), 'aletheias' means 'truth', 'eis' means 'into', 'philadelphian' means 'brotherly love', 'anupokriton' means 'sincere' or 'unfeigned', 'ek' means 'from', 'katharas' means 'pure', 'kardias' means 'heart', 'allelous' means 'one another', 'agapesate' means 'love' (imperative plural), 'ektenos' means 'earnestly' or 'intensely'.
[1PE.1.23] Having been reborn not from a perishable seed but from an imperishable one through the living word of God and the one who remains. [§]
anagengenemenoi ouk ek sporas phthartes all aphthartou dia logou zontos theou kai menontos.
'anagengenemenoi' means 'having been regenerated' or 'reborn', 'ouk' means 'not', 'ek' means 'from', 'sporas' means 'seed', 'phthartes' means 'perishable', 'all' means 'but', 'aphthartou' means 'imperishable', 'dia' means 'through', 'logou' means 'the word', 'zontos' means 'living', 'theou' means 'God', 'kai' means 'and', 'menontos' means 'remaining' or 'the one who remains'.
[1PE.1.24] Because every flesh is like grass and every glory of it is like a flower of grass; the grass has withered and the flower has fallen. [§]
dioti pasa sarx hos chortos kai pasa doxa autes hos anthos chortou; exiranthē ho chortos kai to anthos exepesen;
'dioti' means 'because', 'pasa' means 'every' (feminine accusative), 'sarx' means 'flesh', 'hos' means 'as' or 'like', 'chortos' means 'grass', 'kai' means 'and', 'pasa' again 'every', 'doxa' means 'glory' or 'splendor', 'autes' means 'of it', 'hos' again 'as', 'anthos' means 'flower', 'chortou' is the genitive of 'grass' meaning 'of grass', 'exiranthē' means 'has withered' or 'has dried up', 'ho' means 'the', 'chortos' again 'grass', 'kai' 'and', 'to' means 'the' (neuter), 'anthos' 'flower', 'exepesen' means 'has fallen' or 'has dropped'.
[1PE.1.25] The word of the Lord remains forever. This indeed is the word that was proclaimed to you. [§]
to de rhema kyriou menei eis ton aiona. touto de estin to rhema to euangelisthen eis humas.
'to' means 'the', 'de' means 'but' or 'indeed', 'rhema' means 'word', 'kyriou' means 'of the Lord', 'menei' means 'remains', 'eis' means 'into' or 'for', 'ton' means 'the', 'aiona' means 'age' (understood as 'forever'), 'touto' means 'this', 'estin' means 'is', 'euangelisthen' means 'that was proclaimed' (from euangelizo, to proclaim the good news), 'humas' means 'you' (plural). The phrase 'the word of the Lord' is rendered with 'Kyrios' translated as 'Lord' per the given rule.
1PE.2
[1PE.2.1] Therefore, having put away all evil, all deceit, all hypocrisies, all envies, and all slanders. [§]
Aposthemenoi oun pasan kakian kai panta dolon kai hypokriseis kai phthonous kai pases katalalias.
'Aposthemenoi' means 'having put away', 'oun' means 'therefore', 'pasan' means 'all' (feminine singular accusative) modifying 'kakian' which means 'evil', 'kai' means 'and', 'panta' means 'all' (neuter plural accusative) modifying 'dolon' which means 'deceit', another 'kai' means 'and', 'hypokriseis' means 'hypocrisies', another 'kai' means 'and', 'phthonous' means 'envies', another 'kai' means 'and', 'pases' means 'all' (feminine plural accusative) modifying 'katalalias' which means 'slanders' or 'defamations'.
[1PE.2.2] As newborn infants, desire the pure logical milk, that in it you may be increased into salvation. [§]
hos artigennta brephi to logikon adolon gala epipothesate, hina en auto auxethete eis soterian
'hos' means 'as', 'artigennta' means 'newborn' (literally 'just-born'), 'brephi' means 'infants', 'to' means 'the', 'logikon' means 'logical' or 'reasonable', 'adolon' means 'undefiled' or 'pure', 'gala' means 'milk', 'epipothesate' means 'you desire' or 'long for', 'hina' means 'that', 'en' means 'in', 'auto' means 'it', 'auxethete' means 'you may be increased' or 'grow', 'eis' means 'into', 'soterian' means 'salvation'.
[1PE.2.3] If you have tasted that the Lord is good. [§]
ei egeusasthe hoti chrestos ho kyrios.
'ei' means 'if', 'egeusasthe' means 'you have tasted', 'hoti' means 'that', 'chrestos' means 'good', 'ho' means 'the', 'kyrios' means 'Lord'.
[1PE.2.4] To whom, those who approach, a living stone, rejected by men, but chosen and honored by God. [§]
pros hon proserkomenoi lithon zonta anthropon men apodedokimasmenon, para de theo eklekton entimon.
'pros' means 'to' or 'toward', 'hon' means 'whom', 'proserkomenoi' means 'those approaching', 'lithon' means 'stone', 'zonta' means 'living', 'anthropon' means 'of men', 'men' means 'on the one hand', 'apodedokimasmenon' means 'rejected', 'para' means 'by' or 'from', 'de' means 'but', 'theo' means 'God', 'eklekton' means 'chosen', 'entimon' means 'honorable' or 'respectable'.
[1PE.2.5] And they, as living stones, are being built a spiritual house into holy worship, to bring spiritual sacrifices, welcomeable to God through Jesus Christ. [§]
kai autoi hos lithoi zontes oikodomeisthe oikos pneumatikos eis hierateuma hagion anenegkai pneumatikas thysias euprosdektous theo dia Iesou Christou.
'kai' means 'and', 'autoi' means 'they', 'hos' means 'as', 'lithoi' means 'stones', 'zontes' means 'living', 'oikodomeisthe' is a passive verb meaning 'you are being built', 'oikos' means 'house', 'pneumatikos' means 'spiritual', 'eis' means 'into', 'hierateuma' means 'worship' or 'priestly service', 'hagion' means 'holy', 'anenegkai' means 'to bring forward' or 'to present', 'pneumatikas' is the accusative plural of 'spiritual', 'thysias' means 'sacrifices', 'euprosdektous' means 'welcome' or 'graciously received', 'theo' is the dative of 'theos' and is translated literally as 'God', 'dia' means 'through', 'Iesou' means 'of Jesus', and 'Christou' means 'Christ'. The phrase therefore speaks of believers as living stones being built into a spiritual house for holy worship, offering spiritual sacrifices that are welcomed by God through Jesus Christ.
[1PE.2.6] Because it is written: Behold, I set in Zion a chosen, honorable cornerstone, and the one who trusts in it will not be disgraced. [§]
dioti periechei en graphe; idou tithemi en Sion lithon akrogoniaion eklektos entimon, kai ho pisteuon ep' auto ou me kataischynthei.
'dioti' means 'because', 'periechei' means 'it contains', 'en' means 'in', 'graphe' means 'writing', 'idou' means 'behold', 'tithemi' means 'I set' or 'I place', 'Sion' is the name of Zion, 'lithon' means 'stone', 'akrogoniaion' means 'cornerstone', 'eklektos' means 'chosen', 'entimon' means 'honorable' or 'respectable', 'kai' means 'and', 'ho' means 'the one who', 'pisteuon' means 'believes' or 'trusts', 'ep' auto' means 'in it', 'ou me' means 'will not', 'kataischynthei' means 'be ashamed' or 'be disgraced'.
[1PE.2.7] Therefore to you the honor belongs to those who believe, but the stone which the builders rejected became the head of the corner. [§]
hymin oun he time tois pisteuousin, apistousin de lithos hon apedokimasan hoi oikodountes, houtos egenethe eis kephalen gonia
'hymin' means 'to you', 'oun' means 'therefore', 'he' means 'the' (feminine nominative singular), 'time' means 'honor' or 'glory', 'tois' means 'to the' (dative plural), 'pisteuousin' means 'believing', 'apistousin' means 'disbelieving' or 'not believing', 'de' means 'but' (or 'and'), 'lithos' means 'stone', 'hon' means 'which', 'apedokimasan' means 'they tested' or 'they tried out', 'hoi' means 'the' (masculine nominative plural), 'oikodountes' means 'builders', 'houtos' means 'this one' or 'he', 'egenethe' means 'became' or 'was made', 'eis' means 'into', 'kephalen' means 'head' (accusative singular), 'gonia' means 'corner' (genitive singular).
[1PE.2.8] and a stone of stumbling and a rock of scandal; those who stumble at the word, being disobedient, to which also they were placed. [§]
kai lithos proskommatos kai petra scandalou; hoi proskoptousin to logoi apeithountes eis ho kai etethesan.
'kai' means 'and', 'lithos' means 'stone', 'proskommatos' means 'of stumbling', 'petra' means 'rock', 'scandalou' means 'of scandal', 'hoi' means 'those who', 'proskoptousin' means 'stumble against', 'to' means 'the', 'logoi' means 'word', 'apeithountes' means 'disobedient', 'eis' means 'to/into', 'ho' means 'that/which', 'kai' means 'also', 'etethesan' means 'were placed'.
[1PE.2.9] But you are a chosen lineage, a kingdom of priestly service, a holy nation, a people for possession, so that you proclaim the virtues of the one who called you from darkness into his marvelous light. [§]
humays de genos eklekton basileion hierateuma ethnos hagion laos eis peripoiesen hopos tas aretas exangeilites tou ek skoutous humas kalesantos eis to thaumaston autou fos;
'humays' means 'you (plural)', 'de' means 'but', 'genos' means 'family' or 'lineage', 'eklekton' means 'chosen', 'basileion' means 'kingdom', 'hierateuma' means 'priestly service' or 'holy worship', 'ethnos' means 'nation', 'hagion' means 'holy', 'laos' means 'people', 'eis' means 'into', 'peripoiesen' means 'possession' or 'acquisition', 'hopos' means 'so that', 'tas' is the accusative article 'the', 'aretas' means 'virtues' or 'good works', 'exangeilites' means 'you proclaim' or 'declare', 'tou' is the genitive article 'of', 'ek' means 'from', 'skoutous' means 'darkness', 'humas' means 'you', 'kalesantos' means 'having called', 'to' means 'the', 'thaumaston' means 'wonderful' or 'marvelous', 'autou' means 'his', 'fos' means 'light'.
[1PE.2.10] Those formerly not a people, now a people of God; those not merciful, now merciful. [§]
hoi pote ou laos, nyn de laos theou, hoi ouk eleemenoi, nyn de eleethentes.
'hoi' means 'those', 'pote' means 'formerly', 'ou' means 'not', 'laos' means 'people', 'nyn' means 'now', 'de' means 'but' or 'however', 'laos theou' means 'people of God' (with 'theou' being the genitive of 'theos' which translates as 'God'), 'ouk' means 'not', 'eleemenoi' means 'the merciful ones' (those who have been shown mercy), 'eleethentes' means 'the merciful ones' (those who have been shown mercy) in the sense of 'now merciful'.
[1PE.2.11] Beloved, I exhort as sojourners and temporary residents to abstain from the fleshly desires which wage war against the soul. [§]
Agapetoi, parakalo hos paroikous kai parepidemous apechesthai ton sarkikon epithymion haitines strateuontai kata tes psyches;
'Agapetoi' means 'Beloved', 'parakalo' means 'I exhort', 'hos' means 'as', 'paroikous' means 'sojourners' or 'foreign residents', 'kai' means 'and', 'parepidemous' means 'temporary residents', 'apechesthai' means 'to abstain', 'ton' is the genitive article 'of the', 'sarkikon' means 'fleshly' or 'carnal', 'epithymion' means 'desires' or 'lusts', 'haitines' means 'which', 'strateuontai' means 'are waging war', 'kata' means 'against', 'tes' is the genitive article 'of the', 'psyches' means 'soul'.
[1PE.2.12] Having your good turning among the nations, that in it they may speak of you as evildoers from the good works while watching, they may glorify God in the day of oversight. [§]
ten anastrophen humon en tois ethnesin echontes kalen, hina en ho katalalousin humon hos kakopoion ek ton kalon ergon epogteuontes doxason ton theon en hemera episkopes.
'ten' means 'the' (feminine accusative), 'anastrophen' means 'turning' or 'reversal', 'humon' means 'your' (plural), 'en' means 'in', 'tois' means 'the' (plural dative), 'ethnesin' means 'nations', 'echontes' means 'having', 'kalen' means 'good' (feminine accusative), 'hina' means 'that', 'ho' means 'which' (neuter dative), 'katalalousin' means 'they speak of', 'hos' means 'as', 'kakopoion' means 'evildoers', 'ek' means 'from', 'ton' means 'the' (masc. genitive), 'kalon' means 'good', 'ergon' means 'works', 'epogteuontes' means 'watching' or 'observing', 'doxason' means 'they may glorify', 'ton' means 'the' (masc. accusative), 'theon' means 'God', 'en' means 'in', 'hemera' means 'day', 'episkopes' means 'inspection' or 'oversight'. The phrase 'ton theon' is rendered as 'God' per the literal translation rule for divine names.
[1PE.2.13] Submit to every human creation by the Lord, whether a king as the supreme one. [§]
Hypotagete pase anthropinei ktisei dia ton kyrion, eite basilei hos hyperechonti.
'Hypotagete' means 'Submit' (imperative plural). 'pase' means 'to every' (dative feminine singular). 'anthropinei' means 'human' (dative feminine singular). 'ktisei' means 'creation' or 'creature' (dative singular). 'dia' means 'through' or 'by'. 'ton' is the masculine accusative article 'the'. 'kyrion' is the Greek word Kyrios, which we translate literally as 'Lord'. 'eite' means 'whether'. 'basilei' means 'king' (dative singular). 'hos' means 'as' or 'like'. 'hyperechonti' is a participle meaning 'the one who is above' or 'the supreme one'.
[1PE.2.14] Whether to the rulers as through him being sent for vengeance of evildoers, but (the) praise of good-doers. [§]
eite hegemosin hos di autou pempomenois eis ekdikesin kakopoion, epainon de agathopoion.
'eite' means 'whether' or 'if either'; 'hegemosin' is the dative plural of 'leader' meaning 'to the rulers'; 'hos' means 'as' or 'like'; 'di' is a contraction of 'through' meaning 'by' or 'through'; 'autou' is a pronoun meaning 'him' referring to the one who sends; 'pempomenois' is a participle meaning 'being sent'; 'eis' means 'into' or 'for'; 'ekdikesin' means 'vengeance' or 'retribution'; 'kakopoion' is the genitive plural of 'evildoer', meaning 'of evildoers'; 'epainon' is a verb meaning 'praise' (aorist indicative, 'he praised'); 'de' is a conjunction meaning 'but' or 'and'; 'agathopoion' is the genitive plural of 'good-doer', meaning 'of good-doers'. No divine name appears in this verse, so no special translation of a name is required.
[1PE.2.15] Because this is the will of God, the one who does good hates the ignorance of foolish people. [§]
hoti houtos estin to thelema tou theou agathopoion tas phimoun ten ton aphronon anthropoon agnosisian.
'hoti' means 'because' or 'that', 'houtos' means 'thus' or 'in this way', 'estin' means 'is', 'to thelema' means 'the will', 'tou theou' means 'of God' (theos translated as God), 'agathopoion tas' means 'those who do good' (agathopoios = good-doer), 'phimoun' means 'he/she/it hates', 'ten ton aphronon anthropoon' means 'the of the foolish humans' (aphronos = foolish, anthropos = human), 'agnosisian' means 'ignorance' (agnosia = lack of knowledge).
[1PE.2.16] as free and not as a covering having the freedom of evil, but as servants of God. [§]
hos eleutheroi kai me hos epikalymma ekhontes tes kakias ten eleutherian all' hos theou douloi.
'hos' means 'as'; 'eleutheroi' means 'free people' or 'free ones'; 'kai' means 'and'; 'me' means 'not'; 'epikalymma' means 'covering' or 'mask'; 'ekhontes' means 'having' or 'possessing'; 'tes' is the genitive article 'of the'; 'kakias' means 'evil' or 'wickedness'; 'ten' is the accusative article 'the'; 'eleutherian' means 'freedom' or 'liberty'; 'all'' is a contraction of 'alla' meaning 'but'; 'hos' again means 'as'; 'theou' means 'of God' (translated literally as 'God'); 'douloi' means 'servants' or 'slaves'.
[1PE.2.17] Honor all, love the brotherhood, fear God, honor the king. [§]
pahn-tahs tee-meh-sah-teh, teyn a-delf-oh-tee-tah ah-gah-pah-teh, ton thay-ohn foh-bee-ehs-theh, ton bah-see-lee-ah tim-ah-teh.
"pahn-tahs" means "all", "timēsate" means "honor" (imperative plural); "ten adelphotēta" means "the brotherhood" (accusative); "agapate" means "love" (imperative plural); "ton theon" means "God" (object); "phobeisthe" means "fear" (imperative plural); "ton basilea" means "the king" (object); "timete" means "honor" (imperative plural).
[1PE.2.18] The servants, bowing in total fear before the masters, not only to the good and gentle ones but also to the harsh. [§]
Hoi oiketei hypotassomenoi en panti phobo tois despotais, ou monon tois agathois kai epieikesin alla kai tois skoliois.
"Hoi" means "the" (masc. plural nominative), "oiketei" means "servants" or "household members", "hypotassomenoi" means "submitting" or "bowing down", "en" means "in" or "by", "panti" means "all" or "every", "phobo" means "fear", "tois" means "to the" (dative plural article), "despotais" means "lords" or "masters", "ou" means "not", "monon" means "only", "agathois" means "good" (plural dative), "kai" means "and", "epieikesin" means "reasonable" or "gentle" (plural dative), "alla" means "but also", "skoliois" means "harsh" or "strict" (plural dative).
[1PE.2.19] For this is grace, if through the conscience of God someone bears sorrow, suffering unjustly. [§]
touto gar charis, ei dia syneidesin theou hypopherei tis lypas paschon adikos.
'touto' means 'this', 'gar' means 'for', 'charis' means 'grace', 'ei' means 'if', 'dia' means 'through', 'syneidesin' means 'conscience', 'theou' means 'of God', 'hypopherei' means 'carries' or 'endures', 'tis' means 'someone', 'lypas' means 'sorrows', 'paschon' means 'suffering', 'adikos' means 'unjustly'.
[1PE.2.20] For what glory is there if you who sin and are being beaten endure? But if you who do good and suffer endure, this is grace from God. [§]
Poion gar kleos, ei hamartanontes kai kolaphizomenoi hypomenete? All' ei agathopoiontes kai paschontes hypomenete, touto charis para theō.
'Poion' means 'what kind of', 'gar' means 'for', 'kleos' means 'glory' or 'fame', 'ei' means 'if', 'hamartanontes' means 'those who sin', 'kai' means 'and', 'kolaphizomenoi' means 'being beaten' (from the verb kolaphizo), 'hypomenete' means 'you endure' (second person plural), 'All'' means 'but', 'agathopoiontes' means 'those who do good', 'paschontes' means 'those who suffer', 'touto' means 'this', 'charis' means 'grace', 'para' means 'from', 'theō' means 'God'.
[1PE.2.21] For you were called to this, because also Christ suffered on behalf of you and us, leaving behind a record, so that you may follow his footsteps. [§]
eis touto gar eklethēte, hoti kai Christos epaten hyper humon hemin hypolimpanon hypogrammon, hina epakolouthesete tois ichnesin autou,
'eis' means 'into' or 'for', 'touto' means 'this', 'gar' means 'for', 'eklethēte' means 'you were called', 'hoti' means 'because', 'kai' means 'also', 'Christos' means 'Christ', 'epaten' means 'suffered', 'hyper' means 'on behalf of' or 'for', 'humon' means 'you (plural)', 'hemin' means 'us', 'hypolimpanon' means 'leaving behind' or 'abandoning', 'hypogrammon' means 'underwritten' or 'recorded', 'hina' means 'so that', 'epakolouthesete' means 'you may follow', 'tois' means 'the', 'ichnesin' means 'footsteps' or 'traces', 'autou' means 'his'.
[1PE.2.22] who has not committed sin, nor was any deceit found in his mouth. [§]
hos hamartian ouk epoiesen oude heurethe dolos en to stomati autou,
'hos' means 'who', 'hamartian' means 'sin' (accusative), 'ouk' means 'not', 'epoiesen' means 'did commit', 'oude' means 'nor', 'heurethe' means 'was found', 'dolos' means 'deceit', 'en' means 'in', 'to' means 'the', 'stomati' means 'mouth' (dative), 'autou' means 'his'.
[1PE.2.23] who, being reviled, does not retaliate with reviling; enduring, he does not postpone; but he handed over to the one who judges justly. [§]
hos loidoroumenos ouk anteloidorei, paschon ouk epelei, paredidou de to krinonti dikaios,
'hos' means 'who', 'loidoroumenos' means 'being reviled' (from loidoroo 'to revile'), 'ouk' means 'not', 'anteloidorei' means 'to retaliate with reviling', 'paschon' means 'enduring' or 'suffering', 'epelei' means 'he/she/it delayed or postponed', 'paredidou' means 'handed over' or 'delivered', 'de' means 'but', 'to' means 'to the', 'krinonti' means 'the one judging', and 'dikaios' means 'justly' or 'righteously'.
[1PE.2.24] who himself bore our sins in his body upon the wood, that, having been made for the sins, we may live in righteousness, whose wound you were healed by. [§]
hos tas hamartias hemon autos anenegen en to somati autou epi to xylon, hina tais hamartiais apogenomenoi te dikaiosune zesomen, hou to molopi iathete.
'hos' means 'who', 'tas' means 'the' (feminine plural accusative), 'hamartias' means 'sins' (feminine plural accusative), 'hemon' means 'our', 'autos' means 'himself', 'anenegen' means 'bore' or 'carried', 'en' means 'in', 'to' means 'the' (neuter singular dative), 'somati' means 'body' (neuter singular dative), 'autou' means 'his', 'epi' means 'upon', 'to' means 'the', 'xylon' means 'wood', 'hina' means 'that' or 'in order that', 'tais' means 'the' (feminine plural dative), 'hamartiais' means 'sins' (feminine plural dative), 'apogenomenoi' means 'having become' or 'having been made', 'te' is a conjunction meaning 'that', 'dikaiosune' means 'righteousness' (feminine singular dative), 'zesomen' means 'we may live' (first person plural subjunctive), 'hou' means 'whose', 'to' means 'the' (neuter singular dative), 'molopi' means 'wound' or 'bruise' (neuter singular dative), 'iathete' means 'you were healed' (second person plural aorist passive).
[1PE.2.25] For you were like wandering sheep, but now you have turned to the shepherd and overseer of your souls. [§]
eete gar hos probata planomenoi, all' epestraphete nun epi ton poimena kai episkopon ton psychon humon.
'eete' means 'you were', 'gar' means 'for', 'hos' means 'as', 'probata' means 'sheep', 'planomenoi' means 'wandering', 'all'' means 'but', 'epestraphete' means 'you have turned', 'nun' means 'now', 'epi' means 'to', 'ton' is the masculine accusative article 'the', 'poimena' means 'shepherd', 'kai' means 'and', 'episkopon' means 'overseer' or 'guardian', 'ton' again the article, 'psychon' means 'souls', 'humon' means 'your'.
1PE.3
[1PE.3.1] Likewise the women, by submitting to their own husbands, so that even if some are disobedient to the word, through the women’s turning without a word they will be gained. [§]
Homoiws hai gynaikes, hypotassomenai tois idiois andrasin, hina kai ei tines apeithousin tou logou, dia tes ton gynakon anastrophes aneu logou kerdethesontai.
'Homoiws' means 'likewise', 'hai gynaikes' means 'the women', 'hypotassomenai' means 'being subject' or 'submitting', 'tois idiois andrasin' means 'to their own husbands', 'hina' means 'that' or 'so that', 'kai' means 'and', 'ei' means 'if', 'tines' means 'some', 'apeithousin' means 'are disobedient', 'tou logou' means 'to the word' (teaching), 'dia' means 'through', 'tes ton gynakon' means 'of the women', 'anastrophes' means 'turning' or 'change of mind', 'aneu logou' means 'without a word' (silently), 'kerdethesontai' means 'will be gained' or 'will be obtained'.
[1PE.3.2] Having overseen your pure turning in fear. [§]
epopteusantes ten en phobo hagnen anastrophen humon.
'epopteusantes' means 'having overseen' (aorist participle of epopteuo, to watch). 'ten' is the accusative article 'the'. 'en' means 'in'. 'phobo' is the dative of phobos, meaning 'fear'. 'hagnen' is the accusative feminine adjective meaning 'pure' or 'holy'. 'anastrophen' is the accusative noun meaning 'turning' or 'return'. 'humon' is the genitive plural pronoun meaning 'your'. Together they form the phrase "the pure turning in fear of you" with the participle indicating the action of watching.
[1PE.3.3] Of which let not be the outward hair entanglement and gold covering or the clothing of garments the world. [§]
hon esto ouch ho exothen embolkes trichon kai peritheseos chrysion e enduseos imation kosmos.
'hon' means 'of which', 'esto' means 'let be' (subjunctive), 'ouch' means 'not', 'ho' means 'the' (masc nominative), 'exothen' means 'outward' or 'from outside', 'embolkes' means 'entanglement' or 'braiding', 'trichon' means 'of hair', 'kai' means 'and', 'peritheseos' means 'of surrounding' or 'of covering', 'chrysion' means 'of gold', 'e' means 'or', 'enduseos' means 'of clothing', 'imat ion' means 'of garments', 'kosmos' means 'world' or 'order'.
[1PE.3.4] But the hidden one of the heart, a man, in the incorruptible of meekness and of a quiet spirit, which is before God splendid. [§]
All ho kryptos tēs kardias anthropos en tō aphtharto tou praēos kai esuchiou pneumatos ho estin enopion tou theou polyteles.
'All' means 'but', 'ho' means 'the' (masc. article), 'kryptos' means 'hidden' or 'secret', 'tēs' means 'of the' (genitive feminine article), 'kardias' means 'heart', 'anthropos' means 'human' or 'man', 'en' means 'in', 'tō' means 'the' (dative article), 'aphtharto' means 'incorruptible' or 'imperishable', 'tou' means 'of the' (genitive), 'praēos' means 'of meekness' (from πραέως, mildness), 'kai' means 'and', 'esuchiou' means 'quiet' or 'tranquil' (genitive), 'pneumatos' means 'spirit' or 'breath' (genitive), 'ho' means 'which', 'estin' means 'is', 'enopion' means 'before' or 'in the presence of', 'tou' means 'of the', 'theou' means 'God' (the name of God translated literally as 'God'), 'polyteles' means 'splendid' or 'luxurious'.
[1PE.3.5] Thus indeed sometimes even the holy women who hoped in God adorned themselves, submitting to their own husbands. [§]
houtos gar pote kai hai hagiai gynaikes hai elpizousai eis theon ekosmoun heautas hypotassomenai tois idiois andrasin
'houtos' means 'thus', 'gar' means 'for' or 'indeed', 'pote' means 'sometimes', 'kai' means 'and' or 'even', 'hai' is the feminine plural article 'the', 'hagiai' means 'holy' (feminine plural), 'gynaikes' means 'women', 'elpizousai' means 'hoping' (present active participle), 'eis' means 'into' or 'in' (with accusative), 'theon' means 'God' (translated as God), 'ekosmoun' means 'were adorning' or 'were making beautiful', 'heautas' means 'themselves', 'hypotassomenai' means 'submitting' (present middle-passive participle), 'tois' is the dative plural article 'the', 'idiois' means 'own', and 'andrasin' means 'husbands'.
[1PE.3.6] As Sarah obeyed the Lord Abraham, calling him, who became children doing good and not fearing any distress. [§]
hos Sarra hypekousen to Abram kyrion auton kalousa hes egenethete tekna agathopoiousai kai me phoboumenai medemian ptoessin.
'hos' means 'as', 'Sarra' is the name Sarah, 'hypekousen' means 'obeyed', 'to' is the dative article 'the', 'Abram' is the name Abraham, 'kyrion' is the Greek word for 'Lord' which we translate literally as 'Lord', 'auton' means 'him', 'kalousa' means 'calling', 'hes' is a relative pronoun 'who', 'egenethete' means 'you became' or 'you were made', 'tekna' means 'children', 'agathopoiousai' means 'doing good' or 'good‑doing', 'kai' means 'and', 'me' means 'not', 'phoboumenai' means 'being afraid', 'medemian' means 'any' or 'no', and 'ptoessin' means 'distress' or 'trouble'. The verse therefore speaks of Sarah's obedience to the Lord Abraham, calling Him, and the resulting offspring who practice good and are not afraid of any trouble.
[1PE.3.7] The men likewise, living together in knowledge as a weaker vessel to the woman, offering honor as also co-heirs of the grace of life so that your prayers may not be hindered. [§]
Oi andres homios, synoikountes kata gnosin hos asthenesteros skeuei to gynakei, aponemontes timen hos kai synkleironomois charitos zoes eis to me egkoptesthai tas proseuchas humon.
'Oi' means 'the', 'andres' means 'men', 'homios' means 'likewise'. 'Synoikountes' (living together) conveys a sense of cohabitation or mutual dwelling. 'Kata' means 'according to', 'gnosin' (knowledge) indicates understanding or insight. 'Hos' means 'as', 'asthenesteros' is the comparative of 'weak', literally 'weaker', describing the man as a weaker vessel. 'Skeuei' means 'vessel' or 'container', 'to' is 'the', 'gynakei' is the dative of 'woman', so together: 'as a weaker vessel to the woman'. 'Aponemontes' means 'paying' or 'offering', 'timen' is 'honor' or 'respect'. 'Hos' again 'as', 'kai' means 'also', 'synkleironomois' is 'co-heirs', 'charitos' means 'grace', 'zoes' is 'of life'. 'Eis' means 'so that', 'to' is 'the', 'me' is 'not', 'egkoptesthai' (infinitive passive) means 'to be hindered', 'tas' is 'the', 'proseuchas' means 'prayers', 'humon' is 'your'. The idiom 'as a weaker vessel to the woman' is rendered literally although culturally it implies a role of humility or service within marriage. The phrase 'co-heirs of the grace of life' is kept literal, reflecting shared inheritance of divine favor.
[1PE.3.8] But finally, all are like‑minded, sympathetic, brother‑loving, compassionate, and humble‑minded. [§]
To de telos pantes homophrones, sympateis, philadelphoi, eusplanknoi, tapeinophrones,
'To' means 'the', 'de' means 'but' or 'and', 'telos' means 'end' or 'finally', 'pantes' means 'all', 'homophrones' means 'of one mind' (like‑minded), 'sympateis' means 'sympathetic' or 'kindred in feeling', 'philadelphoi' means 'brother‑loving' (brotherly), 'eusplanknoi' means 'good‑hearted' or 'compassionate', 'tapeinophrones' means 'humble‑minded' or 'lowly in thought'.
[1PE.3.9] Do not repay evil for evil or insult for insult; rather, bless the opposite, for you have been called to this so that you may inherit a blessing. [§]
me apodidontes kako anti kakou e loidorian anti loidorias, toenantion de eulogountes, hoti eis touto eklithete, hina eulogian kleronomēsēte.
'me' means 'not', 'apodidontes' means 'repaying' (present active participle), 'kako' means 'evil', 'anti' means 'in return for', 'kakou' is the genitive of 'evil', 'e' means 'or', 'loidorian' means 'insult', 'anti loidorias' means 'in return for an insult', 'toenantion' means 'the opposite', 'de' means 'but', 'eulogountes' means 'blessing' (present active participle), 'hoti' means 'because' or 'for which reason', 'eis' means 'to' or 'for', 'touto' means 'this', 'eklithete' means 'you have been called', 'hina' means 'so that', 'eulogian' means 'blessing', 'kleronomēsēte' means 'you may inherit' (future passive subjunctive). The clause structures a negative command not to repay evil with evil or insult with insult, and instead to bless the opposite, because you have been called for that purpose, that you may inherit a blessing.
[1PE.3.10] For the one who wishes to love life and see good days, let him restrain his tongue from evil and the lips of the one who does not speak deceit. [§]
ho gar thelon zoen agapan kai idein hemeras agathas pausato ten glosan apo kakou kai cheile tou me lalesai dolon.
'ho' means 'the one', 'gar' means 'for', 'thelon' means 'who wishes', 'zoen' means 'life', 'agapan' means 'to love', 'kai' means 'and', 'idein' means 'to see', 'hemeras' means 'days', 'agathas' means 'good', 'pausato' means 'let him cease' or 'should stop', 'ten' means 'the', 'glosan' means 'tongue', 'apo' means 'from', 'kakou' means 'evil', 'kai' means 'and', 'cheile' means 'lips', 'tou' means 'of the one who', 'me' means 'not', 'lalesai' means 'to speak', 'dolon' means 'deceit'.
[1PE.3.11] But let him turn away from evil and do good; let him seek peace and pursue it. [§]
ekklnato de apo kakou kai poiesato agathon, zetesato eirenen kai dioksato auton;
'ekklnato' means 'let him turn away', 'de' means 'but', 'apo' means 'from', 'kakou' means 'evil', 'kai' means 'and', 'poiesato' means 'let him do' or 'let him make', 'agathon' means 'good', 'zetesato' means 'let him seek', 'eirenen' means 'peace', 'kai' again means 'and', 'dioksato' means 'let him pursue' or 'chase after', 'auton' means 'it' referring to peace.
[1PE.3.12] Because the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous and his ears to their prayer, but the face of the Lord is upon those who do evil. [§]
hoti ophthalmai kyriou epi dikaious kai ota autou eis desin auton, prosopon de kyriou epi poiousan kaka.
'hoti' means 'because', 'ophthalmai' means 'eyes', 'kyriou' means 'of the Lord', 'epi' means 'upon' or 'over', 'dikaious' means 'the righteous', 'kai' means 'and', 'ota' means 'ears', 'autou' means 'his', 'eis' means 'to' or 'for', 'desin' means 'need' or 'prayer', 'auton' means 'their', 'prosopon' means 'face', 'de' means 'but', 'kyriou' again means 'of the Lord', 'epi' again means 'upon', 'poiousan' means 'those doing', 'kaka' means 'evil' or 'bad'.
[1PE.3.13] And who is the one who harms you, if you become zealous for the good? [§]
Kai tis ho kakoson humas, ean tou agathou zelotai genesthe?
'Kai' means 'and', 'tis' means 'who', 'ho' is the definite article 'the', 'kakoson' means 'harmful' or 'one who harms', 'humas' means 'you (plural)', 'ean' means 'if', 'tou' is the genitive article 'of the', 'agathou' means 'good', 'zelotai' means 'zealous ones' or 'those who are eager', 'genesthe' means 'you become' (second person plural middle voice).
[1PE.3.14] But if you suffer for righteousness, blessed are you. Do not be afraid of their fear nor be troubled. [§]
all' ei kai paschite dia dikaiosynen, makarioi. ton de phobon awton me phobethete mede tarachthete,
'all'' means 'but', 'ei' means 'if', 'kai' means 'and', 'paschite' means 'you suffer', 'dia' means 'for', 'dikaiosynen' means 'righteousness', 'makarioi' means 'blessed', 'ton' means 'the', 'de' means 'but', 'phobon' means 'fear', 'awton' means 'their', 'me' means 'not', 'phobethete' means 'be afraid', 'mede' means 'nor', 'tarachthete' means 'be troubled'.
[1PE.3.15] But sanctify the Lord Christ in your hearts, always ready to give a defence to anyone who asks you a word about the hope that is within you. [§]
kyrioun de ton Christon agiassate en tais kardiais humon hetoimoi aei pros apologian panti to aitounti humas logon peri tes en hymin elpidos
'kyrioun' means 'the Lord', 'de' means 'but' or 'and', 'ton' is the accusative masculine article 'the', 'Christon' means 'Christ', 'agiassate' is the plural imperative 'sanctify', 'en' means 'in', 'tais' is the dative feminine article 'the', 'kardiais' means 'hearts', 'humon' means 'your', 'hetoimoi' means 'ready' (plural), 'aei' means 'always', 'pros' means 'to' or 'for', 'apologian' means 'defense' or 'apology', 'panti' means 'to every', 'to' is the dative masculine article 'the', 'aitounti' means 'who is asking', 'humas' means 'you' (object plural), 'logon' means 'word' or 'statement', 'peri' means 'about', 'tes' is the genitive feminine article 'the', 'en' means 'in', 'hymin' means 'in you' (dative plural), 'elpidos' means 'hope'. The verse therefore speaks of sanctifying the Lord Christ within the believers' hearts and being constantly prepared to give a defence to anyone who requests a word concerning the hope that resides in them.
[1PE.3.16] But with humility and reverence, possessing a good conscience, so that in whatever you speak those who influence you may be ashamed of the good in Christ's turning. [§]
alla meta prautes kai phobou, suneidisin ekhontes agathen, hina en ho katalaleisthe kataischynthosin hoi epereazontes humon ten agathen en Christo anastrophen.
'alla' means 'but', 'meta' means 'with', 'prautes' means 'meekness' or 'humility', 'kai' means 'and', 'phobou' means 'reverence' or 'fear', 'suneidisin' means 'conscience', 'ekhontes' means 'having', 'agathen' means 'good' (as an adjective), 'hina' means 'so that' or 'that', 'en' means 'in', 'ho' means 'the thing which', 'katalaleisthe' means 'you speak' (imperative passive), 'kataischynthosin' means 'they may be ashamed', 'hoi' means 'those', 'epereazontes' means 'who influence' or 'who are influencing', 'humon' means 'you (plural)', 'ten' means 'the', 'agathen' again means 'good', 'en' means 'in', 'Christo' means 'Christ', 'anastrophen' means 'turning' or 'conversion'.
[1PE.3.17] Better indeed for those who do good, if they desire the will of God, to suffer than to do evil. [§]
kreiton gar agathopoious, ei thelei to thelema tou theou, paschein e kakopoious.
'kreiton' means 'better', 'gar' means 'for' or 'indeed', 'agathopoious' means 'those who do good' (from agathos 'good' + poieo 'to do'), 'ei' means 'if', 'thelei' means 'he/she/it wants' or 'desires', 'to' is the neuter singular article 'the', 'thelema' means 'will' or 'desire', 'tou' means 'of the', 'theou' means 'God', 'paschein' means 'to suffer' (infinitive), 'e' means 'or', and 'kakopoious' means 'those who do evil' (from kakos 'evil' + poieo).
[1PE.3.18] that also Christ once suffered for sins, righteous on behalf of the unjust, that he might bring you to God, having been killed in the flesh, but being made alive by the spirit. [§]
hoti kai Christos hapax peri hamartion epathen, dikaios hyper adikon, hina humas prosagagei to theos thanatotheis men sarki, zoopoetheis de pneumati;
'hoti' means 'that', 'kai' means 'also', 'Christos' means 'Christ', 'hapax' means 'once', 'peri' means 'for', 'hamartion' means 'sins', 'epathen' means 'suffered', 'dikaios' means 'righteous', 'hyper' means 'on behalf of', 'adikon' means 'the unjust', 'hina' means 'that', 'humas' means 'you', 'prosagagei' means 'might bring', 'to' means 'to the', 'theos' means 'God', 'thanatotheis' means 'having been killed', 'men' means 'indeed', 'sarki' means 'in flesh', 'zoopoetheis' means 'being made alive', 'de' means 'but', 'pneumati' means 'by spirit'. The phrase 'to theos' therefore translates as the literal name of God, rendered as 'God'.
[1PE.3.19] In which also, having gone, he proclaimed to the spirits in prison. [§]
en ho kai tois en phylake pneumasin poreutheis ekerhysen
'en' means 'in', 'ho' is the relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'in which', 'kai' means 'also', 'tois' is the dative plural article 'the', the second 'en' again means 'in', 'phylake' means 'prison' (dative singular 'in prison'), 'pneumasin' means 'spirits' (dative plural), 'poreutheis' is a participle meaning 'having gone' or 'having proceeded', 'ekerhysen' is the aorist verb meaning 'he proclaimed' or 'he preached'. The subject is implied from the context as 'he' (Christ).
[1PE.3.20] They will at some time disobey, when the long-suffering of God was being prepared in the days of Noah as the ark was being built, into which few, that is eight souls, were saved by water. [§]
apeithesan pote, hote apeksedecheto he tou theou makrothymia en hemera Noe kataskeuazomenes kibotos eis hen oligoi, tout estin okto psuchai, diesothesan di hudatos.
"apeithesan" means "they will disobey", "pote" means "at some time", "hote" means "when", "apeksedecheto" means "was being prepared", "he" means "the", "tou theou" means "of God" (God), "makrothymia" means "long-suffering" (patience), "en" means "in", "hemera" means "days", "Noe" means "Noah", "kataskeuazomenes" means "being built", "kibotos" means "ark", "eis" means "into", "hen" means "which", "oligoi" means "few", "tout" means "that", "estin" means "is", "okto" means "eight", "psuchai" means "souls", "diesothesan" means "were saved", "di" means "by", "hudatos" means "water".
[1PE.3.21] which also now saves you as a pattern, baptism; not a flesh deposit of fluid but a question of good conscience toward God, through the resurrection of Jesus Christ. [§]
ho kai humas antitypon nyn sozei baptisma, ou sarkos apothesis rhypou alla suneidesews agathes eperotema eis theon, di anastaseos Iesou Christou
'ho' means 'which', 'kai' means 'and', 'humas' means 'you (plural)', 'antitypon' means 'counterpart' or 'pattern', 'nyn' means 'now', 'sozei' means 'saves', 'baptisma' means 'baptism', 'ou' means 'not', 'sarkos' means 'of flesh', 'apothesis' means 'deposit' or 'placing', 'rhypou' means 'of fluid', 'alla' means 'but', 'suneidesews' means 'of good conscience', 'agathes' means 'good', 'eperotema' means 'question' or 'inquiry', 'eis' means 'to' or 'toward', 'theon' means 'God', 'di' means 'through', 'anastaseos' means 'resurrection', 'Iesou Christou' means 'of Jesus Christ'. The name 'theon' is rendered as 'God' according to the literal translation rule for divine names.
[1PE.3.22] who is in the right hand of God, having gone into heaven, subject to him the angels and the dominions and the powers. [§]
hos estin en dexia tou theou poreutheis eis ouranon hypotagenton auto angelon kai exousion kai dynameon.
'hos' means 'who', 'estin' means 'is', 'en' means 'in', 'dexia' means 'right hand', 'tou' is the genitive article 'the', 'theou' means 'of God' (the word for God rendered as God), 'poreutheis' is an aorist participle meaning 'having gone' or 'who went', 'eis' means 'into', 'ouranon' means 'heaven', 'hypotagenton' is a genitive plural participle meaning 'those who are subject' or 'subject', 'auto' means 'to him' or 'him', 'angelon' is the genitive plural of 'angelos' meaning 'of angels', 'kai' means 'and', 'exousion' is the genitive plural of 'exousia' meaning 'of dominions/authorities', and 'dynameon' is the genitive plural of 'dynamis' meaning 'of powers'.
1PE.4
[1PE.4.1] Since Christ suffered in the flesh, you also should arm yourselves with the same mindset, because the one who suffered in the flesh has put sin to an end. [§]
Christou oun pathontos sarki kai hymeis ten auten ennian hoplisasthe, hoti ho pathon sarki pepautai hamartias.
'Christou' means 'of Christ', 'oun' means 'therefore', 'pathontos' means 'having suffered', 'sarki' means 'in the flesh', 'kai' means 'and', 'hymeis' means 'you (plural)', 'ten' means 'the', 'auten' means 'same', 'ennian' means 'mindset' or 'thought', 'hoplisasthe' means 'arm yourselves', 'hoti' means 'because', 'ho' means 'the one who', 'pathon' means 'suffered', 'sarki' again 'in the flesh', 'pepautai' means 'has brought an end', 'hamartias' means 'sin'.
[1PE.4.2] To live the remaining time in the flesh, not according to human desire but according to God's will. [§]
eis to meketi anthropohn epithymiais alla thelemati theou ton epilopin en sarki biosai chronon.
'eis' means 'into' or 'to', 'to' is the neuter article, 'meketi' means 'no longer', 'anthropohn' is the genitive plural of 'human', meaning 'of humans', 'epithymiais' is the dative plural of 'desire', meaning 'by desires', together 'eis to meketi anthropohn epithymiais' expresses 'into that which is no longer by human desires'. 'alla' means 'but', 'thelemati' is the dative singular of 'will', meaning 'by the will', 'theou' means 'of God', so 'by God's will'. 'ton' is the masculine accusative article, 'epilopin' means 'the remaining' or 'the leftover', referring to the person. 'en sarki' means 'in flesh', 'biosai' is the aorist infinitive of 'to live', and 'chronon' means 'time' or 'period'.
[1PE.4.3] For enough is the time that has passed for the will of the nations to be carried out, having gone in indecencies, lusts, drunken slanders, curses, drinks, and unlawful idolatries. [§]
arketos gar ho parelelythos chronos to boulima ton ethnon kateirgastai peporeumenous en a-sel-geiai epithymais oino-flygiais komois potois kai athemitois eidololatriais.
'arketos' means 'enough', 'gar' means 'for', 'ho' is the definite article 'the', 'parelelythos' means 'having passed', 'chronos' means 'time', 'to' is the neuter article 'the', 'boulima' means 'will' or 'desire', 'ton' is the genitive plural article 'of the', 'ethnon' means 'nations', 'kateirgastai' means 'to be carried out', 'peporeumenous' means 'having gone', 'en' means 'in', 'a-sel-geiai' (ἀσελγείαις) means 'indecencies' or 'loose morals', 'epithymais' means 'desires' or 'lusts', 'oino-flygiais' means 'wine‑tongued' i.e., 'drunken slander', 'komois' means 'curses', 'potois' means 'drinks', 'kai' means 'and', 'athemitois' means 'law‑breaking' or 'unlawful', 'eidololatriais' means 'idolatries'.
[1PE.4.4] In which they alienate themselves, not joining you into the same excess of immorality, blaspheming. [§]
en ho xenizontai me syntrechonton humon eis ten auten tes asotias anachusin blasphemountes
'en' means 'in', 'ho' is a relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'in which', 'xenizontai' means 'they become alienated' or 'they estrange themselves', 'me' means 'not', 'syntrechonton' means 'joining together' or 'running together', 'humon' means 'of you', 'eis' means 'into', 'ten' means 'the', 'auten' means 'same', 'tes' means 'of the', 'asotias' means 'immorality' or 'sensuality', 'anachusin' means 'excess' or 'overflow', and 'blasphemountes' means 'blaspheming'.
[1PE.4.5] Those who will give a word to the one who is ready to judge the living and the dead. [§]
hoi apodousin logon to hetoimos echonti krinai zontas kai nekrous.
'hoi' means 'those who', 'apodousin' means 'will give' (future active indicative of apodidomi), 'logon' means 'word' or 'statement', 'to' is the dative article 'to the', 'hetoimos' is an adverb 'readily' used here as part of the participle phrase, 'echonti' is the present participle 'having' or 'who is', together 'to hetoimos echonti' means 'to the one who is ready', 'krinai' is the infinitive 'to judge', 'zontas' is the accusative plural masculine of 'living ones', 'kai' means 'and', 'nekrous' is the accusative plural masculine of 'the dead'.
[1PE.4.6] For this also was announced to the dead, that they might be judged according to human flesh, but live according to the God in spirit. [§]
eis touto gar kai nekrois euengelesthe, hina krithosin men kata anthropous sarki, zosin de kata theon pneumati.
'eis' means 'for' or 'to', 'touto' means 'this', 'gar' is a conjunction meaning 'for', 'kai' means 'also', 'nekrois' means 'to the dead', 'euengelesthe' means 'was proclaimed' or 'was announced', 'hina' introduces purpose 'that', 'krithosin' means 'they may be judged', 'men' is a particle often translated 'indeed' or 'on the one hand', 'kata' means 'according to', 'anthropous' means 'human (people)', 'sarki' means 'flesh', 'zosin' means 'they may live', 'de' is a contrastive particle 'but', 'kata' again 'according to', 'theon' means 'the God' (literal translation of the divine name), and 'pneumati' means 'in spirit'. The phrase therefore contrasts judgment by human flesh with living by the spirit of God.
[1PE.4.7] The end of all things has now come. Therefore be sober and stay awake for prayers. [§]
Panton de to telos engiken. sophronesate oun kai nepsate eis proseuchas.
'Panton' means 'of all', 'de' is a conjunction meaning 'but' or 'and', 'to' means 'the', 'telos' means 'end', 'engiken' means 'has come near' or 'has arrived', 'sophronesate' means 'be sober' (from sophrosune), 'oun' means 'therefore', 'kai' means 'and', 'nepsate' means 'stay awake', 'eis' means 'into' or 'for', 'proseuchas' means 'prayers'.
[1PE.4.8] Above all, having a great love toward one another, because love covers a multitude of sins. [§]
pro panton ten eis heautoos agape ektene echontes, hoti agape kaluptei plethos hamartion
'pro' means 'before' or 'above', 'panton' means 'all' (genitive plural of 'pas'), together 'pro panton' conveys 'above all'. 'ten' is the accusative article 'the' attached to the following noun. 'eis' means 'into' or 'toward', and 'heautoos' means 'themselves' or 'one another', so 'eis heautoos' expresses direction of love toward each other. 'agape' is the noun 'love' (specifically self‑sacrificial love). 'ektene' (from 'ektene') means 'great' or 'extensive', modifying 'agape' to give 'great love'. 'echontes' is a participle meaning 'having' or 'who have'. 'hoti' means 'because' or 'for'. The second occurrence of 'agape' again means 'love'. 'kaluptei' (from 'kalyptō') means 'covers' or 'overcovers'. 'plethos' means 'multitude' or 'a great number', and 'hamartion' is the genitive plural of 'hamartia', meaning 'sins'. Thus the clause reads: 'because love covers a multitude of sins.'
[1PE.4.9] Be hospitable to each other without complaining. [§]
philoxenoi eis allelous aneu gongysmou
'philoxenoi' means 'hospitable', 'eis' means 'to' or 'toward', 'allelous' means 'each other', 'aneu' means 'without', 'gongysmou' means 'complaining or murmuring'.
[1PE.4.10] Each one, as he received a gift for himself, serving it as good stewards of the varied grace of God. [§]
hekastos kathos elaben charisma eis heautous auto diakonountes hos kaloi oikonomoi poikiles charitos theou.
'hekastos' means 'each one', 'kathos' means 'as' or 'just as', 'elaben' means 'he/she/it received', 'charisma' means 'gift' or 'grace', 'eis' means 'into' or 'to', 'heautous' means 'themselves', 'auto' means 'it', 'diakonountes' means 'serving' or 'ministering', 'hos' means 'as', 'kaloi' means 'good', 'oikonomoi' means 'stewards' or 'managers', 'poikiles' means 'varied' or 'diverse', 'charitos' means 'grace' or 'favor', 'theou' means 'of God' (translated literally as 'God').
[1PE.4.11] If anyone speaks, as the words of God; if anyone serves, as from the power which God bestows, that in all God may be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom belongs the glory and the power into the ages of ages, amen. [§]
ei tis legei, hos logia theou; ei tis diakonei, hos ex ischyos hes chorgei ho theos, hina en pasin doxazetai ho theos dia Iesou Christou ho estin he doxa kai to kratos eis tous aionas ton aionon, amen.
'ei' means 'if', 'tis' means 'anyone', 'legei' means 'speaks', 'hos' means 'as', 'logia' means 'words', 'theou' means 'of God' ('theos' translates to God). ';' separates clauses. 'diakonei' means 'serves', 'ischyos' means 'power', 'hes' means 'which', 'chorgei' means 'bestows', 'ho' is the article 'the', 'theos' means God. 'hina' means 'that', 'en' means 'in', 'pasin' means 'all', 'doxazetai' means 'may be glorified', 'dia' means 'through', 'Iesou' means 'Jesus', 'Christou' means 'Christ', 'ho' again the article, 'estin' means 'belongs', 'he' means 'the', 'doxa' means 'glory', 'kai' means 'and', 'to' means 'the', 'kratos' means 'power', 'eis' means 'into', 'tous' means 'the', 'aionas' means 'ages', 'ton' is the genitive article, 'aionon' means 'everlasting', 'amen' means 'amen'.
[1PE.4.12] Beloved, do not become alienated by the fire within you toward the temptation that is arising for you as a stranger befalls you. [§]
Agapetoi, me xenezesthe te en humin pyrosei pros peirason humin ginomenêi hôs xenou humin symbainontos.
'Agapetoi' means 'Beloved' (address to the audience). 'me' means 'not'. 'xenezesthe' means 'be alienated' or 'be foreign'. 'te' is the dative article 'the'. 'en humin' means 'in you' (dative plural). 'pyrosei' means 'fire' (dative singular). 'pros' means 'toward' or 'to'. 'peirason' means 'temptation' (genitive singular). 'humin' means 'for you' (dative plural). 'ginomenêi' means 'is becoming' or 'is happening'. 'hôs' means 'as'. 'xenou' means 'of a stranger' (genitive singular). 'humin' again 'to you'. 'symbainontos' means 'occurring' or 'befalling'.
[1PE.4.13] But as you share in the sufferings of Christ, rejoice, so that also in the revelation of his glory you may be glad, exulting. [§]
alla katho koinoneite tois tou Christou pathesin, chairete, hina kai en te apokalypse tes doxes autou charete agalliomenoi.
'alla' means 'but', 'katho' means 'as', 'koinoneite' means 'you share' or 'you partake', 'tois' means 'with the', 'tou' is the genitive article 'of the', 'Christou' means 'Christ', 'pathesin' means 'sufferings', 'chairete' means 'rejoice' (imperative), 'hina' means 'so that', 'kai' means 'also', 'en' means 'in', 'te' is an enclitic particle often meaning 'the', 'apokalypse' means 'revelation', 'tes' is the genitive article 'of the', 'doxes' means 'glory', 'autou' means 'his', 'charete' means 'you may be glad', and 'agalliomenoi' means 'exulting' or 'rejoicing'.
[1PE.4.14] If you reproach in the name of Christ, blessed are you, because the spirit of glory and the spirit of God rests upon you. [§]
ei oneidizesthe en onomati Christou, makarioi, hoti to tes doxes kai to tou theou pneuma eph humas anapauei.
'ei' means 'if', 'oneidizesthe' means 'you reproach', 'en' means 'in', 'onomati' means 'the name', 'Christou' means 'of Christ', 'makarioi' means 'blessed', 'hoti' means 'because', 'to' means 'the', 'tes' is a contraction of 'tēs' meaning 'of the', 'doxes' means 'glory', 'kai' means 'and', 'tou' means 'of the', 'theou' means 'God' (literal translation of the divine name), 'pneuma' means 'spirit', 'eph' means 'upon', 'humas' means 'you (plural)', 'anapauei' means 'rests'.
[1PE.4.15] For no one of you should suffer as a murderer or a thief or an evildoer or as a foreign overseer. [§]
me gar tis humon pascheto hos phoneus e kleptes e kakopoios e hos allotri episkopos.
'me' means 'not', 'gar' means 'for', 'tis' means 'any one', 'humon' means 'of you', 'pascheto' means 'should suffer', 'hos' means 'as', 'phoneus' means 'murderer', 'e' means 'or', 'kleptes' means 'thief', 'kakopoios' means 'evildoer', 'allotri' means 'foreign' or 'alien', 'episkopos' means 'overseer' or 'bishop'.
[1PE.4.16] If as a Christian, let him not be ashamed, but let him glorify God in this part. [§]
ei de hos christianos, me aischynestho, doxazeto de ton theon en to merei touto.
'ei' means 'if', 'de' is a conjunction meaning 'but' or a contrastive marker, 'hos' means 'as', 'christianos' means 'Christian', 'me' means 'let not' (a negative jussive), 'aischnestho' means 'be ashamed', 'doxazeto' means 'let glorify', 'ton' is the definite article 'the', 'theon' means 'God', 'en' means 'in', 'to' is the article 'the' (neuter dative), 'merei' means 'part' or 'section', and 'touto' means 'this'.
[1PE.4.17] Because the appointed time to begin judgment is from the house of God; but if first it is from us, what is the end of those who deny the gospel of God? [§]
hoti ho kairos tou arxasthai to krima apo tou oikou tou theou; ei de proton aph hemon, ti to telos ton apeithounton to tou theou euangelio?
'hoti' means 'because', 'ho' means 'the' (masc. article), 'kairos' means 'time' or 'appointed time', 'tou' means 'of the', 'arxasthai' means 'to begin' (infinitive), 'to' means 'the' (neut. article), 'krima' means 'judgment', 'apo' means 'from', 'tou' again 'of the', 'oikou' means 'house', 'tou' again 'of the', 'theou' means 'God', ';' is a pause, 'ei' means 'if', 'de' means 'but' or 'however', 'proton' means 'first', 'aph' means 'from', 'hemon' means 'us', ',' is a pause, 'ti' means 'what', 'to' means 'the' (neut. article), 'telos' means 'end' or 'goal', 'ton' means 'of the' (genitive plural), 'apeithounton' means 'those who deny', 'to' means 'to the' (dative), 'tou' means 'of the', 'theou' means 'God', 'euangelio' means 'gospel' (dative).
[1PE.4.18] And if the righteous is only saved, where will the impious and sinner appear? [§]
kai ei ho dikaios molis sozetai, ho asepes kai hamartolos pou phaneitai?
'kai' means 'and', 'ei' means 'if', 'ho' means 'the' (masc. singular), 'dikaios' means 'righteous', 'molis' means 'only' or 'merely', 'sozetai' means 'is saved', 'asepes' means 'impious' or 'godless', 'kai' means 'and', 'hamartolos' means 'sinner', 'pou' means 'where', 'phaneitai' means 'will be shown' or 'will appear'.
[1PE.4.19] Therefore, the ones who suffer according to the will of God should commit their souls to the faithful Creator in goodness. [§]
hoste kai hoi paschontes kata to thelema tou theou pisto ktiste paratithesthosan tas psuchas auton en agathopoia.
"hoste" means "therefore"; "kai" means "also"; "hoi paschontes" means "the ones who suffer"; "kata to thelema" means "according to the will"; "tou theou" means "of God" (God being the literal translation of the divine name); "pisto ktiste" means "faithful creator" (with "creator" treated as a title for God); "paratithesthosan" means "should be entrusted" or "should commit"; "tas psuchas auton" means "their souls"; "en agathopoia" means "in good doing" or "in goodness".
1PE.5
[1PE.5.1] I exhort the elders among you, the most senior and witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partner of the glory that is about to be revealed. [§]
Presbuteros tous en humin parakalo ho sympresbuteros kai martys ton tou Christou pathimaton, ho kai tes mellouses apokalyptesthai doxes koinonos.
'Presbuteros' means 'elders', 'tous' is the accusative plural article meaning 'the' (direct object), 'en' means 'in', 'humin' means 'you (plural)', 'parakalo' means 'I exhort' or 'I appeal', 'ho' is the masculine nominative singular article meaning 'the', 'sympresbuteros' means 'the most senior' or 'the eldest', 'kai' means 'and', 'martys' means 'witness', 'ton' is the genitive plural article, 'tou' is the genitive singular article, 'Christou' means 'of Christ', 'pathimaton' means 'sufferings', the second 'ho' again means 'the', 'tes' is the feminine genitive article, 'mellouses' means 'about to be' or 'pending', 'apokalyptesthai' means 'to be revealed', 'doxes' means 'glory', and 'koinonos' means 'partner' or 'share‑in‑common'.
[1PE.5.2] Shepherd the flock of God within you, overseeing not forcibly but voluntarily according to God, nor shamefully covetous but eagerly. [§]
poimanate to en hymin poimnion tou theou episkopountes me anankastos all ekousios kata theon, mede aischrokerdos alla prothymos,
'poimanate' means 'shepherd' (imperative plural), 'to' means 'the', 'en' means 'in', 'hymin' means 'you (plural, dative)', 'poimnion' means 'flock', 'tou' means 'of the', 'theou' means 'God' (the divine name rendered as God), 'episkopountes' means 'overseeing' or 'watching over', 'me' means 'not', 'anankastos' means 'forced' or 'by compulsion', 'all' means 'but', 'ekousios' means 'voluntarily' or 'of one's own accord', 'kata' means 'according to', 'theon' means 'God', 'mede' means 'nor', 'aischrokerdos' means 'shamefully covetous' (literally 'shameful-greedy'), 'alla' means 'but', 'prothymos' means 'eagerly' or 'with zeal'. The phrase instructs believers to shepherd God's flock within them voluntarily and eagerly, without compulsion or shameful greed.
[1PE.5.3] Nor acting as masters of the lots, but becoming patterns of the shepherd. [§]
med hos katakurieuontes ton kleron alla typoi ginomenoi tou poimniou
'med' means 'nor', 'hos' means 'as', 'katakurieuontes' means 'acting as masters' or 'dominating', 'ton' is the genitive article meaning 'of the', 'kleron' means 'lots' or 'inheritances', 'alla' means 'but', 'typoi' means 'patterns' or 'models', 'ginomenoi' means 'being become' or 'becoming', 'tou' means 'of the', 'poimniou' means 'shepherd'.
[1PE.5.4] And when the chief shepherd is manifested, you shall receive the amaranthine wreath of glory. [§]
kai phanerothentos tou archipoimenos komieste ton amarantinon tes doxes stephanon.
'kai' means 'and', 'phanerothentos' means 'having been manifested' (aorist participle of to appear), 'tou' is the genitive article 'of the', 'archipoimenos' is a compound meaning 'chief shepherd' (archi = chief, poimen = shepherd), 'komieste' is the future middle/passive form meaning 'you shall receive', 'ton' is the accusative masculine article 'the', 'amarantinon' means 'amaranthine' (unfading, evergreen), 'tes' is the genitive feminine article 'of the', 'doxes' means 'glory', and 'stephanon' means 'wreath' or 'crown'.
[1PE.5.5] Likewise, younger ones, be subject to the elders; all however to one another have taken hold of humility, because the God opposes the proud, but to the humble gives grace. [§]
homoios, neoteroi, hypotagete presbyterois; pantes de allerlois ten tapeinophrosunen egkombosasthe, hoti ho theos hyperefanois antitassetai, tapeinois de didosin charin.
'homoios' means 'likewise', 'neoteroi' means 'younger (people)', 'hypotagete' means 'be subject', 'presbyterois' means 'to the elders', 'pantes' means 'all', 'de' means 'however', 'allerlois' (actually 'allēlois') means 'to one another', 'ten' means 'the', 'tapeinophrosunen' means 'humility', 'egkombosasthe' means 'you have taken hold of' (literally 'have seized'), 'hoti' means 'because', 'ho theos' means 'the God', 'hyperefanois' means 'to the proud', 'antitassetai' means 'opposes', 'tapeinois' means 'to the humble', 'didosin' means 'gives', 'charin' means 'grace'. The name for God, 'theos', is rendered literally as 'the God' according to the instruction.
[1PE.5.6] Be humbled then by the mighty hand of God, so that He will raise you up in due time. [§]
Tapeinothete oun hypo ten krataian cheira tou theou, hina humas hypsosei en kairoi.
'Tapeinothete' means 'be humbled', 'oun' means 'therefore', 'hypo' means 'by' or 'under', 'ten' is the definite article 'the', 'krataian' means 'mighty', 'cheira' means 'hand', 'tou' is the genitive article 'of the', 'theou' means 'God', 'hina' means 'so that', 'humas' means 'you (plural)', 'hypsosei' means 'will raise up', 'en' means 'in', 'kairoi' means 'time' or 'season'. The phrase "tou theou" is rendered as "of God" with "God" as the literal translation of the name.
[1PE.5.7] Casting all your care upon him, because he cares about you. [§]
pasan ten merimnan humon epiripsantes epi auton, hoti auto melei peri humon.
'pasan' means 'all', 'ten' means 'the' (accusative article), 'merimnan' means 'care' or 'anxiety', 'humon' means 'your' (plural), 'epiripsantes' is a participle meaning 'having cast' or 'throwing', 'epi' means 'upon' or 'onto', 'auton' means 'him' (referring to God), 'hoti' means 'because', 'auto' means 'to him' (dative), 'melei' means 'cares' or 'is concerned', 'peri' means 'about' or 'concerning', 'humon' again means 'you' (plural).
[1PE.5.8] Stay awake, be watchful. The adversary, your devil, like a roaring lion, walks around seeking someone to devour. [§]
nepsate gregoresate ho antidikos humon diabolos hos leon oryomenos peripatei zeton tina katapiein.
'nepsate' means 'stay awake', 'gregoresate' means 'be watchful', 'ho' is the definite article 'the', 'antidikos' means 'adversary', 'humon' means 'your', 'diabolos' means 'devil', 'hos' means 'like', 'leon' means 'lion', 'oryomenos' means 'roaring', 'peripatei' means 'walks around', 'zeton' means 'seeking', 'tina' means 'someone', 'katapiein' means 'to devour'.
[1PE.5.9] To you who stand firm in the faith, knowing the same things concerning the sufferings in your world, may it be accomplished through brotherhood. [§]
ho antistēte stereoi tē pistei eidotes ta auta tōn pathēmatōn tē en kosmō humōn adelphotēti epitelēsthai.
'ho' is the dative masculine singular of 'hos' meaning 'to whom' or 'to which'. 'antistēte' is the second person plural imperative of 'antistēmi' meaning 'stand against' or 'stand firm'. 'stereoi' is a masculine plural adjective meaning 'steady' or 'firm'. 'tē' is the dative singular feminine article 'the'. 'pistei' is the dative singular of 'pistis' meaning 'faith'. 'eidotes' is a perfect active participle nominative masculine plural of 'eidō' meaning 'knowing'. 'ta' is the neuter plural accusative article 'the'. 'auta' is the neuter plural accusative of 'autos' meaning 'the same'. 'tōn' is the genitive plural article 'of the'. 'pathēmatōn' is the genitive plural of 'pathēma' meaning 'sufferings' or 'passions'. 'tē' again is the dative article. 'en' is a preposition 'in'. 'kosmō' is the dative singular of 'kosmos' meaning 'world'. 'humōn' is the genitive plural of 'hume' meaning 'your'. 'adelphotēti' is the dative singular of 'adelphotēs' meaning 'brotherhood' or 'fraternity'. 'epitelēsthai' is the infinitive middle/passive of 'epiteleō' meaning 'to bring to completion', 'to accomplish'.
[1PE.5.10] God, the God of all grace, who called you into his eternal glory in Christ, having suffered a little, he will arrange, support, strengthen, and establish. [§]
ho de theos pases charitos, ho kalesas humas eis ten aionion autou doxan en Christo oligon pathontas autos katartesei, stirixei, sthenosei, themeliosei.
'ho' means 'the' (masculine nominative singular article); 'de' is a conjunction meaning 'but' or 'and'; 'theos' translates as 'God' (the literal translation of the divine name); 'pases' means 'of all'; 'charitos' means 'grace'; together 'theos pases charitos' = 'God of all grace'. 'ho' again is 'the'; 'kalesas' is the aorist active participle of 'call', meaning 'having called'; 'humas' means 'you (plural)'; 'eis' means 'into'; 'ten' is the accusative article 'the'; 'aionion' means 'eternal'; 'autou' means 'his'; 'doxan' means 'glory'; so 'eis ten aionion autou doxan' = 'into his eternal glory'. 'en' means 'in'; 'Christo' is the title 'Christ'; 'oligon' means 'a little'; 'pathontas' is the participle of 'suffer', meaning 'having suffered'; together 'oligon pathontas' = 'having suffered a little'. 'autos' means 'he'; 'katartesei' is the future indicative of 'katartizo', meaning 'he will arrange' or 'put in order'; 'stirixei' is the future of 'stirizo', meaning 'he will support' or 'sustain'; 'sthenosei' is the future of 'sthenoo', meaning 'he will make strong' or 'strengthen'; 'themeliosei' is the future of 'themelizo', meaning 'he will lay a foundation' or 'establish'.
[1PE.5.11] To him belongs the power forever, amen. [§]
autoi to kratos eis tous aionas, amen.
'autoi' means 'to him', 'to' is the definite article 'the', 'kratos' means 'power' or 'strength', 'eis' means 'into' or 'unto', 'tous' is the plural definite article 'the', 'aionas' means 'ages' or 'forever', 'amen' is a solemn affirmation meaning 'truly' or 'so be it'.
[1PE.5.12] Through Silouanos, to you, faithful brother, as I think, in a few words I wrote, urging and testifying that this is a true grace of God for which you stand. [§]
Dia Silouanou hymin tou pistou adelphou, hos logistomai, di oligon egrapsa parakalon kai epimartyron tauten einai alethe charin tou theou eis hen steite.
'Dia' means 'because of' or 'through'; 'Silouanou' is the genitive form of the name Silouanos, meaning 'of Silouanos'; 'hymin' means 'to you' (plural); 'tou pistou adelphou' means 'of the faithful brother'; 'hos' means 'as'; 'logistomai' means 'I consider' or 'I think'; 'di' is a contraction of 'through' used with the next word; 'oligon' means 'few' or 'a few (things)'; 'egrapsa' means 'I wrote'; 'parakalon' means 'encouraging' or 'urging'; 'kai' means 'and'; 'epimartyron' means 'testifying' or 'bearing witness'; 'tauten' means 'this'; 'einai' means 'to be'; 'alethe' means 'true'; 'charin' means 'grace'; 'tou theou' means 'of God' (translated as 'God' per the given rule); 'eis' means 'into' or 'for'; 'hen' means 'which'; 'steite' means 'you stand' or 'you are standing'.
[1PE.5.13] The one who is jointly chosen in Babylon greets you, and Mark my son. [§]
aspazetai humas he en Babyloni suneklekete kai Markos ho huios mou.
'aspazetai' means 'greets', 'humas' means 'you (plural)', 'he' means 'the (feminine subject)', 'en' means 'in', 'Babyloni' means 'Babylon', 'suneklekete' means 'the one who is jointly selected or chosen', 'kai' means 'and', 'Markos' means 'Mark', 'ho' means 'the (masculine subject)', 'huios' means 'son', 'mou' means 'my'.
[1PE.5.14] Greet each other in the kiss of love. Peace to you all who are in Christ. [§]
aspasasthe allelous en philemmati agapes. eirene hymin pasin tois en Christo.
"aspasasthe" means "greet" (imperative plural). "allelous" means "each other". "en" means "in". "philemmati" means "kiss" (dative of "philemma"). "agapes" means "love" (genitive, "of love"). "eirene" means "peace". "hymin" means "to you" (dative plural). "pasin" means "all" (dative plural). "tois" means "the ones" (dative plural). "en" again means "in". "Christo" means "Christ" (dative of "Christ"), a title for the Anointed One.